# Grote schubmieren

Grote schubmieren (Formica) vormen een geslacht van mieren (Formicidae) uit de onderfamilie van de schubmieren (Formicinae). Grote schubmieren worden ook wel bosmieren of roofmieren genoemd.

## Leefwijze

Grote schubmieren hebben de gewoonte om volkeren van ander miersoorten als "slaven" te houden.

## Verspreiding en leefgebied

Het meest bekend in Europa is de behaarde bosmier (Formica rufa).
Wereldwijd zijn er meer dan 290 soorten. In Nederland zijn 13 soorten bekend.

## Lijst van soorten in Nederland

* Formica clara (duinbaardmier)
* Formica cunicularia (bruine baardmier)
* Formica exsecta (gewone satermier)
* Formica fusca (grauwzwarte mier)
* Formica lemani
* Formica polyctena (kale bosmier)
* Formica pratensis (zwartrugbosmier)
* Formica pressilabris (deuklipsatermier)
* Formica rufa (behaarde bosmier)
* Formica rufibarbis (rode baardmier)
* Formica sanguinea (bloedrode roofmier)
* Formica transkaucasica (veenmier)
* Formica truncorum (stronkmier)

## Soorten

* Formica abdominalis Latreille, 1802
* Formica accreta Francoeur, 1973
* Formica acuminata
* Formica adamsi Wheeler, W.M., 1909
* Formica adelungi Forel, 1904
* Formica aegyptiaca Fabricius, 1775
* Formica aemula
* Formica aequalis Walker, 1871
* Formica aerata Francoeur, 1973
* Formica aethiops
* Formica affinis Leach, 1825
* Formica albipennis Fabricius, 1793
* Formica alpina
* Formica alsatica
* Formica altayensis Xia & Zheng, 1997
* Formica altipetens Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica amyoti Le Guillou, 1842
* Formica angustata
* Formica anatolica Seifert & Schultz, 2009
* Formica animosa Forskål, 1775
* Formica antiqua
* Formica approximans Wheeler, W.M., 1933
* Formica aquilonia Yarrow, 1955
* Formica arcana
* Formica archboldi Smith, M.R., 1944
* Formica arenicola Buckley, 1866
* Formica argentea Wheeler, W.M., 1912
* Formica aserva Forel, 1901
* Formica aseta Chang & He, 2002
* Formica atavina
* Formica aterrima Cresson, 1865
* Formica atra
* Formica atra Schilling Schilling, 1839
* Formica auxillacensis
* Formica axillaris
* Formica balcanica
* Formica balcanina
* Formica baltica
* Formica bauckhorni
* Formica beijingensis Wu, 1990
* Formica bicolor Leach, 1825
* Formica bihamata
* Formica biophilica Trager, 2007
* Formica bradleyi Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica breviscapa Chang & He, 2002
* Formica browni Francoeur, 1973
* Formica bruni Kutter, 1967
* Formica brunneonitida
* Formica buphthalma
* Formica californica (Creighton, 1950)
* Formica calviceps Cole, 1954
* Formica canadensis Santschi, 1914
* Formica candida Smith, F., 1878
* Formica cantalica
* Formica capito
* Formica castanea
* Formica ceps
* Formica chufejif Forskål, 1775
* Formica ciliata Mayr, 1886
* Formica cinerea Mayr, 1853
* Formica cinereofusca Karavaiev, 1929
* Formica clara Forel, 1886
* Formica clarissima Emery, 1925
* Formica clymene
* Formica cockerelli
* Formica coloradensis Creighton, 1940
* Formica comata Wheeler, W.M., 1909
* Formica conica Fabricius, 1798
* Formica connecticutensis Buckley, 1866
* Formica corsica Seifert, 2002
* Formica creightoni Buren, 1968
* Formica criniventris Wheeler, W.M., 1912
* Formica cunicularia glauca
* Formica cunicularia Latreille, 1798 (Bruine baardmier)
* Formica curiosa Creighton, 1935
* Formica dachaidanensis Chang & He, 2002
* Formica dakotensis Emery, 1893
* Formica decipiens Bondroit, 1918
* Formica delinghaensis Chang & He, 2002
* Formica demersa
* Formica densiventris Viereck, 1903
* Formica didyma Fabricius, 1782
* Formica difficilis Emery, 1893
* Formica dirksi Wing, 1949
* Formica dislocata Say, 1836
* Formica dlusskyi
* Formica dolosa Buren, 1944
* Formica dryas
* Formica dusmeti Emery, 1909
* Formica elevata Fabricius, 1782
* Formica elongata Fabricius, 1787
* Formica emeryi Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica eoptera
* Formica exsecta Nylander, 1846 (Gewone satermier)
* Formica exsectoides Forel, 1886
* Formica exsectorubens Ruzsky, 1905
* Formica fallax
* Formica fatale Christ, 1791
* Formica fennica Seifert, 2000
* Formica ferocula Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica flori
* Formica foetens Olivier, 1792
* Formica foreli Bondroit, 1918
* Formica foreliana Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica forsslundi Lohmander, 1949
* Formica fossaceps Buren, 1942
* Formica fossilabris
* Formica fragilis
* Formica francoeuri Bolton, 1995
* Formica frontalis Santschi, 1919
* Formica fukaii Wheeler, W.M., 1914
* Formica fuliginothorax Blacker, 1992
* Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758 (Grauwzwarte mier)
* Formica fuscescens Gmelin, 1790
* Formica fuscicauda Motschoulsky, 1863
* Formica fuscipes
* Formica fuscocinerea Forel, 1874
* Formica gagates Latreille, 1798
* Formica gagatoides Ruzsky, 1904
* Formica georgica Seifert, 2002
* Formica gerardi
* Formica gibbosa
* Formica glabra Gmelin, 1790
* Formica glabridorsis Santschi, 1925
* Formica glacialis Wheeler, W.M., 1908
* Formica glauca Ruzsky, 1896
* Formica globiventris
* Formica gnava Buckley, 1866
* Formica goesswaldi
* Formica gracilis
* Formica grandis
* Formica gravelyi Mukerjee, 1930
* Formica gravida
* Formica gynocrates Snelling, R.R. & Buren, 1985
* Formica hayashi Terayama & Hashimoto, 1996
* Formica hemipsila
* Formica herculanea
* Formica heteroptera
* Formica hewitti Wheeler, W.M., 1917
* Formica hirta Gravenhorst, 1807
* Formica horrida
* Formica imitans
* Formica immersa
* Formica impexa Wheeler, W.M., 1905
* Formica incerta Buren, 1944
* Formica incisa Smith, F., 1858
* Formica indianensis Cole, 1940
* Formica inequalis Lowne, 1865
* Formica insultans Forskål, 1775
* Formica integra Nylander, 1856
* Formica integroides Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica intermedia
* Formica japonica Motschoulsky, 1866
* Formica kashmirica Stärcke, 1935
* Formica knighti Buren, 1944
* Formica kollari
* Formica kozlovi Dlussky, 1965
* Formica kupyanskayae Bolton, 1995
* Formica laeviceps Creighton, 1940
* Formica lasiodes
* Formica lasioides Emery, 1893
* Formica lateralis
* Formica latinodosa
* Formica lavateri
* Formica lefrancoisi
* Formica lemani Bondroit, 1917
* Formica lepida Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica ligniperda
* Formica limata Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica lincecumii Buckley, 1866
* Formica liogaster Chang & He, 2002
* Formica liopthalma Chang & He, 2002
* Formica litoralis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926
* Formica longicollis
* Formica longipes
* Formica longipilosa Francoeur, 1973
* Formica longiventris
* Formica lucida
* Formica lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838
* Formica lusatica
* Formica lutea Duméril, 1860
* Formica luteola
* Formica macrocephala
* Formica macrognatha
* Formica macrophthalma
* Formica maculata Geoffroy, 1785
* Formica maculipennis
* Formica malabarica Schrank, 1837
* Formica maligna Forskål, 1775
* Formica manchu Wheeler, W.M., 1929
* Formica manni Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica marcida
* Formica marginata
* Formica martynovi
* Formica maxillosa Fabricius, 1775
* Formica melanogastes
* Formica melanophthalma Reich, 1793
* Formica melanopis Gmelin, 1790
* Formica merula
* Formica mesasiatica Dlussky, 1964
* Formica microgyna Wheeler, W.M., 1903
* Formica microphthalma Francoeur, 1973
* Formica militaris
* Formica miniocca Chang & He, 2002
* Formica minuta Lowne, 1865
* Formica moki Wheeler, W.M., 1906
* Formica molestans Latreille, 1802
* Formica montana Wheeler, W.M., 1910
* Formica montaniformis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
* Formica montivaga Santschi, 1928
* Formica morsei Wheeler, W.M., 1906
* Formica mucescens Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica naefi
* Formica nana Latreille, 1802
* Formica nemoralis
* Formica neoclara Emery, 1893
* Formica neogagates Viereck, 1903
* Formica neorufibarbis Emery, 1893
* Formica nepticula Wheeler, W.M., 1905
* Formica nevadensis Wheeler, W.M., 1904
* Formica nigra
* Formica nigricans
* Formica nigrita
* Formica nigropratensis Betrem, 1962
* Formica nitida Razoumowsky, 1789
* Formica nitidiventris
* Formica nortonii Buckley, 1866
* Formica novaeanglae Buckley, 1866
* Formica novaeboracensis
* Formica oblita
* Formica obscuripes Forel, 1886
* Formica obscuriventris Mayr, 1870
* Formica obsidiana Emery, 1923
* Formica obsoleta Linnaeus, 1758
* Formica obtecta
* Formica obtusopilosa Emery, 1893
* Formica obvoluta
* Formica occidentalis Buckley, 1866
* Formica occulta Francoeur, 1973
* Formica ocella
* Formica oculata
* Formica omnivora Linnaeus, 1758
* Formica opaciventris Emery, 1893
* Formica ophthalmica
* Formica orangea Seifert & Schultz, 2009
* Formica orbata
* Formica oreas Wheeler, W.M., 1903
* Formica oregonensis Cole, 1938
* Formica ovata Reich, 1793
* Formica pachucana Francoeur, 1973
* Formica pacifica Francoeur, 1973
* Formica pallidefulva Latreille, 1802
* Formica pallidelutea Latreille, 1802
* Formica pallidifulva
* Formica pallidinervis
* Formica pallipes Latreille, 1787
* Formica pamirica Dlussky, 1965
* Formica paralugubris Seifert, 1996
* Formica parvula
* Formica pergandei Emery, 1893
* Formica perpilosa Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica persica Seifert & Schultz, 2009
* Formica phaethusa
* Formica phyllophila Jerdon, 1851
* Formica picea Nylander, 1846 (Veenmier)
* Formica picipes Reich, 1793
* Formica pilicornis
* Formica pisarskii Dlussky, 1964
* Formica pitoni
* Formica planipilis Creighton, 1940
* Formica podzolica Francoeur, 1973
* Formica politurata Buckley, 1866
* Formica polyctena Förster, 1850 (Kale bosmier)
* Formica postoculata Kennedy & Dennis, 1937
* Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783 (Zwartrugbosmier)
* Formica pressilabris Nylander, 1846 (Deuklipsatermier)
* Formica primitiva
* Formica primordialis
* Formica procera
* Formica prociliata Kennedy & Dennis, 1937
* Formica propatula Francoeur, 1973
* Formica propinqua Creighton, 1940
* Formica pruinosa
* Formica puberula Emery, 1893
* Formica pubescens
* Formica pulchella
* Formica pulla Francoeur, 1973
* Formica pumila
* Formica pusilla De Geer, 1773
* Formica pyrenaea Bondroit, 1918
* Formica quadrata
* Formica quadrinotata Losana, 1834
* Formica querquetulana Kennedy & Dennis, 1937
* Formica ravida Creighton, 1940
* Formica rediana Leach, 1825
* Formica reflexa Buren, 1942
* Formica retecta Francoeur, 1973
* Formica robusta
* Formica rostrata Fabricius, 1787
* Formica rubescens Leach, 1825
* Formica rubicunda Emery, 1893
* Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761 (Behaarde bosmier)
* Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 (Rode baardmier)
* Formica ruficeps Motschoulsky, 1863
* Formica ruficornis Gmelin, 1790
* Formica rufolucida Collingwood, 1962
* Formica rufomaculata
* Formica rupestris Leach, 1825
* Formica saccharivora Linnaeus, 1758
* Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798 (Bloedrode roofmier)
* Formica saxicola Buckley, 1866
* Formica schardj Forskål, 1775
* Formica schaufussi
* Formica scitula Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica selysi Bondroit, 1918
* Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky, 1915
* Formica sepulta
* Formica serresi
* Formica seuberti
* Formica siamicarubra Christ, 1791
* Formica sibylla Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica sinae
* Formica sinensis Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica smaragdina
* Formica spatulata Buren, 1944
* Formica stenoptera Foerster, 1850
* Formica strangulata
* Formica strenua
* Formica subaenescens Emery, 1893
* Formica subcyanea Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica subelongata Francoeur, 1973
* Formica subintegra Wheeler, W.M., 1908
* Formica subnitens Creighton, 1940
* Formica subnuda
* Formica subpicea Motschoulsky, 1863
* Formica subpilosa Ruzsky, 1902
* Formica subpolita Mayr, 1886
* Formica subrufa
* Formica subsericea Say, 1836
* Formica subspinosa Buckley, 1866
* Formica suecica Adlerz, 1902
* Formica surinamensis
* Formica talbotae Wilson, 1977
* Formica tarimica Seifert & Schultz, 2009
* Formica tenuissima Buckley, 1866
* Formica testacea Gmelin, 1790
* Formica testaceipes Leach, 1825
* Formica thoracica Olivier, 1792
* Formica tianshanica Seifert & Schultz, 2009
* Formica tomentosa Reich, 1793
* Formica torrentium
* Formica transkaucasica Nasonov, 1889
* Formica transmontanis Francoeur, 1973
* Formica triangularis Say, 1836
* Formica trigona
* Formica tripartita
* Formica truncata
* Formica truncorum Fabricius, 1804 (Stronkmier)
* Formica ulkei Emery, 1893
* Formica ungeri
* Formica uralensis Ruzsky, 1895
* Formica uralensis Ruzsky, 1895
* Formica vaga
* Formica vagans Fabricius, 1793
* Formica venosa Gmelin, 1790
* Formica villiscapa Chang & He, 2002
* Formica vinculans Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica virginiana Buckley, 1866
* Formica volgensis Ruzsky, 1914
* Formica wheeleri
** Formica wheeleri Creighton Creighton, 1935
** Formica wheeleri Stitz Stitz, 1939
* Formica whymperi
* Formica wongi Wu, 1990
* Formica xerophila Smith, M.R., 1939
* Formica yessensis Wheeler, W.M., 1913
* Formica yoshiokae Wheeler, W.M., 1933
* ↑ Nederlands Soortenregister: Grote schubmieren Formica
* ↑ ITIS, the Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Geraadpleegd op 25 augustus 2014.
* ↑ Nederlands Soortenregister. Naturalis. Gearchiveerd op 5 maart 2016. Geraadpleegd op 25 augustus 2014.