# Lijst van afkortingen in de informatica

Hieronder staat een lijst van afkortingen die gebruikt worden in de informatica.

## A

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| @ | at-teken of apenstaart, @-teken |
| AAA | Authentication, Authorization en Accounting |
| AAC | Advanced Audio Coding |
| AAL | ATM Adaption Layer |
| AARP | AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol |
| ABI | application binary interface |
| ABIOS | Advanced BIOS |
| ACF/NCP | Advanced Communications Function/Network Control Program |
| ACF | Application Configuration File |
| ACGI | Asynchronous CGI |
| ACK | Acknowledge |
| ACL | Appletalk Class Library |
| ACL | access control list |
| ACPI | advanced configuration and power integration |
| ACR | Allowed Cell Rate |
| AD | Active Directory |
| ADC | analog-to-digital converter of Apple Display Connector |
| ADF | Automatic Document Feeder of Automated Document Factory |
| ADO | ActiveX Data Objects |
| ADPCM | adaptive differential pulse-code modulation |
| ADSI | Active Directory Services Interface |
| ADSL | asymmetric digital subscriber line |
| ADSP | AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol |
| ADSU | ATM DSU |
| AES | Advanced Encryption Standard |
| AF | Anisotropische Filtering |
| AFP | AppleTalk Filing Protocol, Advanced Functions Presentations |
| AFR | alternate frame rendering |
| AGP | accelerated graphics port |
| AH | Authentication Header |
| AI | artificiële intelligentie |
| AIF | Auto Increment Field |
| AIFF | Audio Interchange File Format |
| AIM | AOL Instant Messenger |
| AIO | Asynchronous Input/Output |
| AIT | Advanced Intelligent Tape |
| AJAX | Asynchronous JavaScript And XML |
| Algol | Algorithmic Language (programmeertaal) |
| ALU | arithmetic/logic unit |
| AMP | asymmetric multiprocessing |
| AMR | audio/modem riser |
| AMU | Address Management Unit |
| ANSI | American National Standards Institute |
| AOCE | Apple Open Collaboration Environment |
| AODI | Always On/Dynamic ISDN |
| AP | access point |
| API | application programming interface |
| APM | advanced power management, Application Performance Management |
| APON | ATM Passive Optical Network |
| APP | Asynchronous Pluggable Protocal |
| ARAP | AppleTalk Remote Access Protocol |
| ARD | Apple Remote Desktop |
| ARM | Asynchronous Response Mode |
| ARP | address resolution protocol |
| ARPC | Asynchrone Remote Procedure Call |
| ARQ | automated repeat request |
| ASAM | ATM Subscriber Access Multiplexer |
| ASC | Apple Sound Chip |
| ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange |
| ASF | Advanced Streaming Format |
| ASF | Auto Sheet Feeder |
| ASIC | application-specific integrated circuit |
| ASIP | AppleShare IP |
| ASP | AppleTalk Session Protocol, Active Server Pages, Application Service Provider, Auxiliary Signal Path |
| ASPI | advanced SCSI programming interface |
| ASR | automatic system recovery |
| AST | Automatic Spanning Tree |
| ASV | Advanced Super View |
| AT&T | geregistreerd handelsmerk van American Telephone and Telegraph Company |
| AT | Advanced Technology |
| ATA | Advanced Technology Attachment |
| ATAG | Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines |
| ATAPI | Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface |
| ATC | Advanced Transfer Cache |
| ATL | Active Template Library |
| ATLAP | AppleTalk Link Access Protocol |
| ATM | Adobe Type Manager, asynchronous transfer mode |
| ATRAC | Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding |
| ATU-C | ADSL Transmission Unit at Central Office |
| ATU-R | ADSL Transmission Unit for Resident |
| AU | Access Unit |
| AUI | Attachment Unit Interface |
| AURP | AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol |
| AV | Access Violation, Anti-Virus |
| AVC | Advanced Video Coding |
| AVI | Audio Video Interleaved (zie ook extensie .avi) |
| AVM | ATM Voice Multiplexer |
| AWT | abstract windowing toolkit |

## B

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| BASIC | Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code |
| BCC | blind carbon copy |
| BCD | binary-coded decimal |
| BBS | bulletin board system |
| BIOS | basic input/output system |
| bit | binary digit |
| BLOB | binary large object |
| BMP | extensie van een bitmapafbeelding |
| BNIX | Belgian National Internet eXchange |
| BPM | Business Process Management |
| BU | business unit |

## C

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| © | copyright |
| CAD | computer-aided design |
| CAM | Computer-aided manufacturing |
| CBR | constant bit-rate |
| CBT | computer-based training |
| CC | carbon copy, copy conform, Control Class |
| CCD | charge-coupled device |
| CCS7 | Common Channel Signalling System nr. 7 |
| cd | compact disc |
| CDMA | code-division multiple access; een digitale cellulaire technologie |
| cd-rom | compact disc read-only memory; cd-romstation |
| CLOB | character large object |
| CMOS | complementary metal oxide semiconductor |
| COBOL | COmmon Business Oriented Language |
| codec | coder/decoder |
| CPU | central processing unit |
| CMS | contentmanagementsysteem |
| CRM | customer relationship management, een softwarepakket voor het beheren van klantgegevens en interacties |
| CRT | cathode ray tube, CRT-beeldscherm |
| CSS | Cascading Style Sheets |
| CT | computertomografie |
| cve | centrale verwerkingseenheid |

## D

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| D-8 | Developing 8 |
| DAC | digital-to-analog converter |
| DAL | Data Access Layer |
| DAO | Data Access Objects |
| dat | digital audio tape |
| DAT | Differentiële Aanleg Testserie |
| db | Database, gegevensbank of databank |
| DBMS | databasemanagementsysteem |
| DD | Double Density |
| DDR | DDR SDRAM Double Data Rate |
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; DHCP-servers |
| DHTML | Dynamic HyperText Markup Language |
| DIMM-sleuf | dual in-line memory module |
| DKIM | DomainKeys Identified Mail |
| DMA | Direct Memory Access |
| DNS | Domain Name System of name-server (vertaling van URL'S naar IP-adressen) |
| DPOF | Digital Print Order Format |
| DPI | Dots per inch |
| DOS | disk operating system |
| DDOS | Distributed Denial of Service Attack |
| DPCM | Differential PCM |
| DRM | Digital rights management, digitaal rechtenbeheer; Direct Rendering Manager, een component van Unixachtige kernels |
| DSLAM | Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer |
| DSL | Domain-Specific Language |
| DSSSL | Document Style Semantics and Specification |
| DTD | document type definition |
| dtp | desktoppublishing |
| dvd | digital versatile disk |
| Dvd | Digital Video Disc |
| DVI | Digital Video Interface |
| DWR | Direct Web Remoting |

## E

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| EAI | enterprise application integration |
| EB | exabyte |
| EBCDIC | extended binary-coded decimal interchange code |
| EiB | exbibyte of European Installation Bus, een domoticastandaard |
| ELT | Emergency Locator Transmitter |
| e-mail | electronic mail, elektronische post; e-mailadres |
| EMS | Enhanced Messaging Service |
| ENIAC | Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator |
| EPROM | erasable programmable read-only memory |
| ERP(S) | enterprise resource planning (System) veelal administratie- & boekhoudsoftware |
| ESB | enterprise service bus |
| ESP | electronic stability program |
| Exif | Exchangeable image file format |
| Ext2 | Second extended file system |

## F

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| FAQ | frequently asked questions |
| FAT | File Allocation Table |
| fax | telefacsimile |
| FF | Firefox (webbrowser); Fast Forward (audio/video: snel vooruit spoelen, vaak >> ) |
| FHS | Filesystem Hierarchy Standard voor bestandssystemen, een onderdeel van de Linux Standard Base |
| Fifo | First in - first out |
| FLAC | compressietechniek om audio op te slaan |
| FLOPS | floating point operations per second (zwevendekommabewerkingen per seconde). |
| FPU | Floating-point unit |
| FSB | front-side bus |
| FTP | file transfer protocol, basis-internetfunctie voor uitwisseling van bestanden tussen computers |
| FTPS | FTP over SSL, veiliger uitvoering van FTP |
| fte | fulltime-equivalent (eenheid van werktijd) |

## G

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| Gb | gigabit 10$^9$ bits. De bit is de kleinste eenheid van informatie. |
| GB | gigabyte 10$^9$ bytes, een eenheid van elektronische informatie |
| GHz | gigahertz |
| GiB | gibibyte. Een gibibyte is gelijk aan 2$^{30}$ bytes (1.073.741.824 bytes), terwijl een gigabyte 10$^9$ bytes (1.000.000.000 of een miljard bytes) is. |
| GIS | Geografisch informatiesysteem |
| GMT | Greenwich Mean Time |
| GPRS | general packet radio service |
| gps | global positioning system |
| GRUB | (GRand Unified Bootloader) is een opstartprogramma voor een computer |
| gsm | global system for mobile communications; (Groupe Spéciale Mobile) |

## H

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| hd | High Density / high definition |
| hd | harddisk, harde schijf |
| HDMI | high-definition multimedia interface |
| HDSL | High-speed Digital Subscriber Line |
| HP | Hewlett Packard Hewlett-Packard Company; HP LaserJet; Hit Points, in computerrollenspellen |
| HREELS | High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy |
| HRM | humanresourcesmanagement |
| HSDPA | High-Speed Downlink Packet Access een pakketgeschakelde mobiele (data)communicatiedienst download |
| HSUPA | High-Speed Uplink Packet Access een pakketgeschakelde mobiele (data)communicatiedienst upload |
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language |
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol |
| HUD | head-up display |
| Hz | hertz |

## I

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| IBM | International Business Machines Corporation |
| IC | integrated circuit |
| ICT | informatie- en communicatietechnologie |
| IE | Internet Explorer, IE10 |
| IHE | Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise |
| IMAP | Internet Message Access Protocol |
| IMEI | international mobile equipment identity |
| Intel | geregistreerd handelsmerk van Intel Corporation |
| I/O | input/output |
| IP | internetprotocol; IP-adres, Internet Protocol-adres |
| IPX/SPX | ?, IPX/SPX-protocollen |
| IRC | Internet Relay Chat |
| IS | Image Stabilizer |
| ISDN | integrated services digital network |
| ISO | Internationale Organisatie voor Standaardisatie, ISO 13406-2 (certificatie) |
| ISPL | information services procurement library |
| IT | informatietechnologie |

## J

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| JDBC | Java DataBase Connectivity |
| jpg | Dit is een veelvoorkomende bestandsextensie van JPEG. Dit staat voor "joint photographic experts group". |
| JSON | JavaScript Object Notation, een gestandaardiseerd gegevensformaat |

## K

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| kB | kilobyte |
| kHz | kilohertz |
| KiB | kibibyte |

## L

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| LAME | opensource MP3-encoder |
| LAN | local area network |
| lcd | liquid-crystal display, lcd-scherm |
| led | light emitting diode |
| Lotus | geregistreerd handelsmerk van Lotus Development Corporation |
| Lsb | Least significant bit |
| LSB | Linux Standard Base |
| LTSP | Linux Terminal Server Project |

## M

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| MAM | Mobile Application Management |
| MANet | Mobile ad hoc Network |
| MAPI | messaging application programming interface |
| MAU | Medium Attachment Unit |
| MB | megabyte |
| Mbit | megabit (ook: Mb) |
| MDM | mobile device management |
| mHz | millihertz |
| MHz | megahertz |
| midi | musical instrument digital interface |
| MiB | mebibyte |
| mLAN | music Local Area Network |
| MMU | Memory management unit |
| modem | modulator-demodulator |
| MOSFET | metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor |
| MP | magic points, in computerrollenspellen |
| MPU | Memory protection unit |
| MP3 | bestandsformaat om geluid te comprimeren |
| MS | Microsoft |
| MSC | Microsoft Common |
| MS-DOS | Microsoft Disk Operating System |
| MSN | Microsoft Network |
| MSX | Machines with Software eXchangeability, MicroSoft eXtended |

## N

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| NAK / NACK | negative acknowledgment of non-acknowledged |
| NAT | network address translation |
| NFC | near-field communication |
| NTDS | New Technology Directory Service |
| NTFS | New Technology File System |
| NIC | network interface card Adapterkaart (meestal ethernet) geïnstalleerd in een computer voor een verbinding met het netwerk. |

## O

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| OASIS | Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards |
| ODBC | Open DataBase Connectivity |
| OE | Outlook Express |
| OO | objectgeoriënteerd |
| OS | operating system |
| OSD | on-screen display |

## P

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| PAN | personal area network |
| PB | petabyte |
| pc | personal computer |
| PCI | Peripheral Component Interconnect; Specificatie gebruikt voor adapterkaarten die in computers worden geïnstalleerd. |
| PCL | printer command language, om printer typografisch aan te sturen; PCL6-printerdriver |
| PCM | pulse-code modulation |
| PCT | Patent Cooperation Treaty |
| PD | publiek domein |
| PDF | portable document format; PDF-indeling |
| PGP | Pretty Good Privacy; PGP-indeling |
| PHP | PHP Hypertext Preprocesser; Server-sided scripting taal voor websites |
| PiB | Pebibyte |
| PID | Project Initiation Document |
| pin | persoonlijk identificatienummer; pincode; pinautomaat |
| POST | Power-on self-test |
| POP | post office protocol; POP3 Dit is de meest recente versie van een standaardprotocol voor het ontvangen van e-mail. POP4 is een voorgestelde protocolversie |
| POTS | Publicly Operated Telephony System |
| PS | PostScript, geregistreerd handelsmerk van Adobe Systems / Adobe Photoshop |
| PSTN | Public Switched Telephone Network |
| P.T.T. | Posterijen, Telegrafie, Telefonie |
| PVA | ?, PVA-paneeltechnologie |
| PVC | permanent virtual channel, permanent virtual connection, permanent virtual circuit. |

## Q

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| QED | Quantum Electro Dynamics |

## R

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| ® | geregistreerd |
| RAD | rapid application development |
| RADIUS | remote authentication dial-in user service |
| RAID | redundant array of independent disks, redundant array of inexpensive disks |
| RAM | random-access memory |
| RAM-geheugen | random-access memory |
| RAM-geheugen - FPM | fast page mode, dynamisch RAM-geheugen (DRAM) |
| RAM-geheugen - DDR SDRAM | double data rate SDRAM, dynamisch RAM-geheugen (DRAM) |
| RAM-geheugen - RDRAM | Rambus Dynamic RAM, dynamisch RAM-geheugen (DRAM) |
| RAM-geheugen - EDO | extended data output, dynamisch RAM-geheugen (DRAM) |
| RAM-geheugen - RIMM | Rambus Inline Memory Module, dynamisch RAM-geheugen (DRAM) |
| RAR | Roshal ARchive, datacompressie-algoritme en extensie van een archiefbestand |
| RARP | reverse address resolution protocol |
| RAVeL | Réseau Autonome de Voies Lentes |
| RDF | Resource Description Framework |
| RDS | radio data system |
| RET | Resolution enhancement technology |
| RIS | Remote Installation Services |
| RISC | Reduced instruction set computer |
| RGB | Rood-Groen-Blauw |
| ROM | read-only memory |
| RSI | Repetitive strain injury, verzamelnaam voor allerlei lichamelijke klachten, onder andere muisarm |
| rtf | rich text format |
| RTFM | Read the fucking manual (lees nu toch maar de handleiding) |

## S

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| SCSI | Small Computer System Interface, verbindingbus voor harde schijven en andere randapparaten |
| SD | Synchronous Dynamic / Secure Digital (geheugenkaart) |
| SDH | synchronous digital hierarchy |
| SDHC | Secure Digital High Capacity |
| SDXC | Secure Digital Extended Capacity |
| SEO | Search Engine Optimization zoekmachineoptimalisatie |
| SFTP | shielded foiled twisted pair |
| SI | Système International, Internationale Stelsel van Eenheden |
| SIS | Sociaal Informatiesysteem |
| SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol |
| SNMP | Simple Network Management Protocol |
| SOA | service oriented architecture |
| SOC | system-on-a-chip |
| SOAP | Aanvankelijk een afkorting voor Simple Object Access Protocol, maar sinds versie 1.2 gewoon SOAP |
| SP2 | Service Pack 2 |
| SQL | Structured Query Language |
| SS | signaling system |
| SSD | Solid state drive |
| SSL | Secure Sockets Layer |
| STP | shielded twisted pair |
| SVC | switched virtual channel, switched virtual connection |
| SVG | Scalable Vector Graphics afbeelding formaat, ook bestandsextensie |
| Sysop | system operator |

## T

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| tab. | tabel / tabulator |
| TB | terabyte |
| TCO | ?, TCO 03, Total cost of ownership |
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol, TCP/IP-protocollen |
| tft | thin-film transistor, tft-scherm |
| TiB | tebibyte |
| TLS | Transport Layer Security |
| ™ | Trade mark |

## U

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| UBR | Unspecified Bit-Rate |
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol |
| UEFI | Unified Extensible Firmware Interface |
| UMA | Upper Memory Area |
| UMB | Upper Memory Blocks |
| UMTS | universal mobile telecommunications system |
| UPnP | Universal Plug and Play |
| URL | uniform resource locator, URL-adres, internetadres |
| USB | universal serial bus; USB; USB 2.0; USB-opslagapparaten; USB-station |
| UTP | unshielded twisted pair Kabel met draden om elkaar heen gedraaid, om de interferentie tussen de paren te verminderen. |

## V

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| V | volt |
| VBA | Visual Basic for Applications |
| VBR | variable bit-rate |
| VBS | Visual Basic Script |
| VC | virtual channel, virtual connection |
| VGA | video graphics array; VGA-kaart: video graphics accelerator |
| VHDSL | Very High-speed Digital Subscriber Line |
| VIVO | Video In Video Out |
| VR | virtuele realiteit |
| VTA | visual tree assessment |

## W

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| W | watt |
| WAN | wide area network |
| WGS 84 | World Geodetic System 1984, coördinaten systeem voor de aarde |
| Widi | Wireless Display |
| wifi | Wifi (Fantasie) logo-aanduiding die ten onrechte wordt gezien als afkorting voor wireless fidelity |
| WLAN | Wireless Local Area Network |
| WP | WordPerfect, geregistreerd handelsmerk van WordPerfect Corporation |
| www | world-wide web |
| W3 | world-wide web |
| W3C | World-wide web Consortium |
| wysiwyg | What you see is what you get. Je krijgt wat je ziet. |

## X

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| XHTML | Extensible HyperText Markup Language |
| XML | Extensible Markup Language |
| xmp | eXtensible Metadata Platform |
| XPS | XML Paper Specification (in Windows Vista en hoger, vergelijkbaar met PDF) |
| XSD | XML-Schemadefinitietaal |
| XSL | Extensible Stylesheet Language |
| XSL-FO | XSL Formatting Objects |
| XSLT | Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations |

## Y

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| YAGO | Yet Another Great Ontology |
| YB | yottabyte |

## Z

| Afkorting | Betekenis(sen) |
| ZB | zettabyte |
| ZIP | ZIP (bestandstype), een gecomprimeerd bestand waarin 1 of meer computerbestanden zijn verpakt; Zip (computerspel), een spel voor de Commodore 64 |