# Phengodidae

Phengodidae zijn een familie van kevers. De familie is voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven in 1861 door LeConte. Het is een van de families van glimwormen.

## Taxonomie

De volgende taxa zijn bij de familie ingedeeld:
* Onderfamilie Phengodinae LeConte, 1861
** = Pseudophengodidae Pic, 1930
** Geslacht Microphengodes Wittmer, 1976
*** Microphengodes howdeni Wittmer, 1976
*** Microphengodes longicornis Wittmer, 1976
** Geslacht Phengodes Illiger, 1807
*** = Astraptor Murray, 1868
*** Ondergeslacht Phengodella Wittmer
**** Phengodes atezcanus Zaragoza, 1981
**** Phengodes bella Barber, 1913
**** Phengodes bimaculata Gorham, 1881
***** = Phengodes nevermani Pic, 1937
***** = Phengodes notaticollis Pic, 1937:
**** Phengodes bipennifera Gorham, 1881
***** = Phengodes brasiliensis Pic, 1925:
**** Phengodes brailovskyi Zaragoza & Wittmer, 1986
**** Phengodes championi Pic, 1927
**** Phengodes ecuadoriana Witmer, 1988
**** Phengodes fenestrata Wittmer, 1975
**** Phengodes frontalis LeConte, 1881
**** Phengodes insignis Bourgeois, 1888
**** Phengodes insulcata Pic, 1925
***** = Phengodes atricolor Pic, 1937
**** Phengodes leonilae Zaragoza & Wittmer, 1986
**** Phengodes minor Gorham, 1881
**** Phengodes nigricornis Gorham, 1881
***** = Phengodes bipennifera Gorham, 1881
***** = Phengodes gorhami Pic, 1927
**** Phengodes tuxtlaensis Zaragoza, 1989
**** Phengodes varicolor Zaragoza & Wittmer, 1986
**** Phengodes variicornis Zaragoza & Wittmer, 1986
**** Phengodes venezolana Wittmer, 1988
*** Ondergeslacht Phengodes Illiger, 1807
**** Phengodes arizonensis Wittmer, 1975
**** Phengodes bolivari Zarazoga, 1980
**** Phengodes fusciceps LeConte, 1861
**** Phengodes inflata Wittmer, 1975
**** Phengodes laticollis LeConte, 1881
**** Phengodes mexicana Wittmer, 1975
**** Phengodes nigromaculata Wittmer, 1975
**** Phengodes plumosa (Oliver, 1790)
***** = Lampyris plumosa Oliver, 1790
**** Phengodes vazquezae Zarazoga, 1978
** Geslacht Pseudophengodes Pic, 1930
*** Pseudophengodes bordoni Wittmer, 1988
*** Pseudophengodes brasiliensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Pseudophengodes cincinnata (Erichson, 1847)
**** = Phengodes cincinnata Erichson, 1847
*** Pseudophengodes equatoriana Wittmer, 1976
*** seudophengodes fernandezi Wittmer, 1976
*** Pseudophengodes flavicollis (Leach, 1824)
**** = Phengodes flavicollis Leach, 1824
*** Pseudophengodes floccosa (Erichson, 1847)
**** = Phengodes floccosa Erichson, 1847
*** Pseudophengodes foveiocollis Wittmer, 1976
*** Pseudophengodes fusca (Gorham, 1881)
**** = Phengodes fusca Gorham, 1881
*** Pseudophengodes gracilicornis Wittmer, 1976
*** Pseudophengodes marginata (Pic, 1925)
**** = Phengodes marginata Pic, 1925
*** Pseudophengodes marmoratus Wittmer, 1996
*** Pseudophengodes meridiana Wittmer, 1976
*** Pseudophengodes notaticollis (Pic, 1925)
**** = Phengodes notaticollis Pic, 1925
*** Pseudophengodes onorei Wittmer, 1996
*** Pseudophengodes orbignyi (Blanchard, 1837)
**** = Phengodes orbignyi Blanchard, 1837
*** Pseudophengodes penai Wittmer, 1976
*** Pseudophengodes polita Wittmer, 1976
*** Pseudophengodes pulchella (Guerin, 1843)
**** = Phengodes pulchella Guerin, 1843
*** Pseudophengodes puncticollis Wittmer, 1976
*** Pseudophengodes roulini (Guerin, 1843)
**** = Phengodes roulini Guerin, 1843
*** Pseudophengodes ruficollis (Motschulsky, 1854)
**** = Phengodes ruficollis Motschulsky, 1854
** Geslacht Zarhipis J.LeConte, 1880
*** = Zarhippus Woodworth, 1913
*** = Zarrhipis Fall, 1923
*** Zarhipis integripennis (LeConte, 1874)
**** = Phengodes integripennis LeConte, 1874
**** = Zarrhipis alamedae Fall, 1923
**** = Zarrhipis amictus Fall, 1923
**** = Zarrhipis brevicollis Fall, 1923
**** = Zarhipis piciventris LeConte, 1881
**** = Zarhipis riversi Horn, 1885
**** = Zarhipis ruficollis LeConte, 1881
*** Zarhipis tiemanni Linsdale, 1964
*** Zarhipis truncaticeps (Fall, 1923
**** = Zarrhipis truncaticeps Fall, 1923
* Onderfamilie Mastinocerinae LeConte, 1881
** Geslacht Akamboja Roza, Quintino, Mermudes & Silveira, 2017
*** Akamboja caparaoensis Roza, Quintino, Mermudes & Silveira, 2017
*** Akamboja cleidae Roza, Quintino, Mermudes & Silveira, 2017
*** Akamboja minimum Roza, Quintino, Mermudes & Silveira, 2017
*** Akamboja monteirorum Roza, Quintino, Mermudes & Silveira, 2017
*** Akamboja tenebrae Roza, Quintino, Mermudes & Silveira, 2017
** Geslacht Baeoscelis Spinola, 1854
*** Baeoscelis osculata Spinola, 1854
** Geslacht Brasilocerus Wittmer, 1963
*** = Brasibcerus
*** Brasilocerus belemensis Wittmer, 1988
*** Brasilocerus dietrichi (Wittmer, 1963)
**** = Mastinocerus dietrichi Wittmer, 1963
*** Brasilocerus espiritensis Wittmer, 1963
*** Brasilocerus minasensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Brasilocerus nigerrimus Wittmer, 1996
*** Brasilocerus nigrofasciatus (Pic, 1915)
**** = Phrixothrix nigrofasciatus Pic, 1915
*** Brasilocerus oberthuri (Pic, 1955)
**** = Phrixothrix oberthuri Pic, 1955
**** = Brasilocerus impressicollis Wittmer, 1970
*** Brasilocerus opacus (Pic, 1937)
**** = Phrixothrix opacus Pic, 1937
**** = Mastinocerus callanganus Wittmer, 1963
**** = Phrixothrix subopacus Pic, 1954
*** Brasilocerus wygodzinsyi Wittmer, 1976
** Geslacht Cenophengus J.LeConte, 1881
*** Cenophengus breviplumatus Wittmer, 1976
*** Cenophengus brunneus Wittmer, 1976
*** Cenophengus ciceroi Wittmer, 1981
*** Cenophengus debilis .LeConte, 1881
*** Cenophengus gorhami Zarazoga, 1986
*** Cenophengus guerrerensis Zaragoza, 1991
*** Cenophengus howdeni Zarazoga, 1986
*** Cenophengus longicollis Wittmer, 1976
*** Cenophengus magnus Zaragoza, 1988
*** Cenophengus major Wittmer, 1976
*** Cenophengus marmoratus
*** Cenophengus pallidus Schaeffer, 1904
*** Cenophengus pedregalensis Zaragoza, 1975
*** Cenophengus punctatissimus Wittmer, 1976
*** Cenophengus villae Zaragoza-Caballero, 1984
*** Cenophengus wittmeri Zaragoza-Caballero, 1984
** Geslacht Cephalophrixothrix Wittmer, 1976
*** Cephalophrixothrix clypeatus Wittmer, 1976
*** Cephalophrixothrix columbianus Wittmer, 1976
*** Cephalophrixothrix nigerrimus Wittmer, 1976
** Geslacht Decamastinocerus Wittmer, 1988
*** Decamastinocerus parvimandibularis Wittmer, 1988
** Geslacht Distremocephalus Wittmer, 1976
*** Distremocephalus barrerai Zarazoga, 1986
*** Distremocephalus beutelspacheri Zarazoga, 1986
*** Distremocephalus buenoi Zarazoga, 1986
*** Distremocephalus californicus (Van Dyke, 1918)
**** = Mastinocerus californicus Van Dyke, 1918
*** Distremocephalus chiapensis Zarazoga, 1986
*** Distremocephalus leonilae Zarazoga, 1986
*** Distremocephalus mexicanus (Wittmer, 1963)
**** = Mastinocerus mexicanus Wittmer, 1963
*** Distremocephalus opaculus (Horn, 1895)
**** = Mastinocerus opaculus Horn, 1895
*** Distremocephalus rufocaudatus Zarazoga, 1986
*** Distremocephalus texanus (LeConte, 1874)
**** = Mastinocerus texanus LeConte, 1874
*** Distremocephalus wittmeri Zarazoga, 1986
** Geslacht Eurymastinocerus Wittmer, 1976
*** Eurymastinocerus arawakensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Eurymastinocerus columbiana (Wittmer, 1963)
**** = Euryopa columbiana Wittmer, 1963
*** Eurymastinocerus niger Gorham, 1881
**** = Euryopa nigra Gorham, 1881
*** Eurymastinocerus politicollis Wittmer, 1988
*** Eurymastinocerus reductipennis (Wittmer, 1970
**** = Mastinocerus reductipennis Wittmer, 1970
** Geslacht Euryognathus Wittmer, 1976
*** Euryognathus bicoloratus Wittmer, 1976
*** Euryognathus venezolanus (Wittmer, 1956)
**** = Mastinocerus venezolanus Wittmer, 1956
** Geslacht Euryopa Gorham, 1881
*** = Bruchodrilus Pic, 1926
*** Euryopa brasiliensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Euryopa caucaensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Euryopa clarindae Wittmer, 1996
*** Euryopa columbiana Wittmer, 1963
*** Euryopa laurae Wittmer, 1996
*** Euryopa nigra Gorham, 1881
*** Euryopa opacipennis (Pic, 1926)
**** = Bruchodrilus opacipennis Pic, 1926
**** = Euryopa robustior Pic, 1929
*** Euryopa peckorum Wittmer, 1996
*** Euryopa ruficeps Wittmer, 1976
*** Euryopa singularis Gorham, 1881
** Geslacht Howdenia Wittmer, 1976
*** Howdenia coroicoensis Wittmer, 1988
*** Howdenia fischeri (Pic, 1937)
**** = Phrixothrix fischeri Pic, 1937
*** Howdenia frontalis (Wittmer, 1963)
**** = Taximastinocerus frontalis Wittmer, 1963
*** Howdenia golbachi Wittmer, 1988
*** Howdenia minutissima Wittmer, 1988
*** Howdenia neblinensis Wittmer, 1988
*** Howdenia nigerrima Wittmer, 1976
*** Howdenia punctata Wittmer, 1976
*** Howdenia robusta Wittmer, 1988
** Geslacht Mastinocerus Solier in Gay, 1849
*** Ondergeslacht Mastinocerus Solier in Gay, 1849
**** = Mastigocerus Gemminger & Harold, 1869
**** Mastinocerus araucanus Wittmer, 1963
**** Mastinocerus atriceps (Pic, 1915)
***** = Phrixothrix atriceps Pic, 1915
***** = Phrixothrix argentinus Pic, 1915
**** Mastinocerus brevipennis Solier in Gay, 1849
**** Mastinocerus chilensis Wittmer, 1976
**** Mastinocerus germaini Pic, 1930
**** Mastinocerus kuscheli Wittmer, 1976
**** Mastinocerus nigeropacus Wittmer, 1970
**** Mastinocerus nigriceps Wittmer, 1963
**** Mastinocerus nigricollis (Pic, 1915)
***** = Phrixothrix nigricollis Pic, 1915
**** Mastinocerus nigroapicalis Pic, 1915
***** = Phrixothrix nigroapicalis
**** Mastinocerus obscurus Wittmer, 1976
**** Mastinocerus patruelis (Pic, 1915)
***** = Phrixothrix patruelis Pic, 1915
**** Mastinocerus punctatus Wittmer, 1963
**** Mastinocerus ramosus (Gorham, 1881)
***** = Ptorthodius ramosus Gorham, 1881
**** Mastinocerus ruficollis Wittmer, 1976
**** Mastinocerus travassosi Wittmer, 1963
**** Mastinocerus uruguayensis (Berg, 1886
***** = Phengodes uruguayensis Berg, 1886
*** Ondergeslacht Mastinocerus incertae
**** Mastinocerus callanganus Wittmer, 1963
*** Ondergeslacht Paramastinocerus Wittmer, 1976
**** Mastinocerus janeirensis Wittmer, 1976
**** Mastinocerus ondulatus Wittmer, 1963
**** Mastinocerus pauloensis Wittmer, 1963
**** Mastinocerus peruanus (Wittmer, 1976)
***** = Matinocerus peruanus Wittmer, 1976
** Geslacht Mastinomorphus Wittmer, 1976
*** Mastinomorphus atacamensis (Wittmer, 1963)
**** = Mastinocerus atacamensis Wittmer, 1963
*** Mastinomorphus impressiceps Wittmer, 1997
*** Mastinomorphus martinezi (Wittmer, 1963)
**** = Mastinocerus martinezi Wittmer, 1963
*** Mastinomorphus minutus Wittmer, 1976
*** Mastinomorphus misionensis (Wittmer, 1950)
**** = Phrixothrix misionensis Wittmer, 1950
*** Mastinomorphus obscuripennis Wittmer, 1976
*** Mastinomorphus pampaensis (Wittmer, 1950)
**** = Phrixothrix pampaensis Wittmer, 1950
*** Mastinomorphus piceipennis (Pic, 1929)
**** = Phrixothrix piceipennis Pic, 1929
*** Mastinomorphus rufescens (Pic, 1938)
**** = Phrixothrix rufescens Pic, 1938
*** Mastinomorphus ruficeps (Pic, 1926)
**** = Phrixothrix ruficeps Pic, 1926
*** Mastinomorphus vicunaensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Mastinomorphus weiseri (Pic, 1926)
**** = Phrixothrix weiseri Pic, 1926
** Geslacht Mastinowittmerus Zaragoza, 1984
*** Mastinowittmerus mexicanus Zaragoza, 1984
*** Mastinowittmerus vazquezae Zarazoga, 1986
** Geslacht Neophengus Wittmer, 1976
*** Neophengus chilensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Neophengus huantaensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Neophengus nanus (Wittmer, 1948)
**** = Phrixothrix nanus Wittmer, 1948
*** Neophengus penai (Wittmer, 1963)
**** = Cenophengus penai Wittmer, 1963
** Geslacht Nephromma Wittmer, 1976
*** Nephromma alvarengai Wittmer, 1996
*** Nephromma barberi (Wittmer, 1976)
**** = Nephroma barberi Wittmer, 1976
** Geslacht Oxymastinocerus Wittmer, 1963
*** Oxymastinocerus bridarolli Wittmer, 1963
*** Oxymastinocerus fulvus (Philippi, 1864)
**** = Mastinocerus fulvus Philippi, 1864
*** Oxymastinocerus nigripennis Wittmer, 1988
*** Oxymastinocerus pecki Wittmer, 1976
*** Oxymastinocerus peruanus (Wittmer, 1988)
**** = Mastinocerus peruanus Wittmer, 1956
*** Oxymastinocerus rufotestaceus Wittmer, 1976
*** Oxymastinocerus unicolor (Pic, 1926)
**** = Phrixothrix unicolor Pic, 1926
*** Oxymastinocerus venezolanus Wittmer, 1976
** Geslacht Paraphrixothrix Zaragoza-Caballero, 2010
*** Paraphrixothrix ecuadoranus Zaragoza-Caballero, 2010
** Geslacht Paraptorthodius Schaeffer, 1904
*** Paraptorthodius mirabilis Schaeffer, 1904
*** Paraptorthodius schaefferi (Zaragoza, 1989:88)
**** = Paratorthodius schaefferi Zaragoza, 1989
** Geslacht Phrixothrix Olivier, 1909
*** Phrixothrix acuminatus Pic, 1929
*** Phrixothrix alboterminatus Wittmer, 1963
*** Phrixothrix belemensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Phrixothrix clypeatus Wittmer, 1992
*** Phrixothrix gibbosus Wittmer, 1976
*** Phrixothrix heydeni Olivier, 1910
*** Phrixothrix hieronymi (Haase, 1886)
**** = Phengodes hieronymi Haase, 1886
**** = Phrixothrix obscuripes Pic, 1915
*** Phrixothrix hirtus Olivier, 1909
*** Phrixothrix microphthalmus Wittmer, 1976
*** Phrixothrix obscurus Pic, 1915
*** Phrixothrix peruanus Wittmer, 1963
*** Phrixothrix pickeli Pic, 1933
*** Phrixothrix reducticornis Wittmer, 1963
*** Phrixothrix staphylinoides Wittmer, 1963
*** Phrixothrix tiemanni Wittmer, 1970
*** Phrixothrix vianai Wittmer, 1988
*** Phrixothrix vivianii Wittmer, 1992
** Geslacht Pseudomastinocerus Wittmer, 1963
*** Pseudomastinocerus chiriquiensis Wittmer, 1963
*** Pseudomastinocerus costaricanus Wittmer, 1988
*** Pseudomastinocerus freyi Wittmer, 1963
*** Pseudomastinocerus laticeps (Pic, 1937)
**** = Phrixothrix laticeps Pic, 1937
*** Pseudomastinocerus panamensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Pseudomastinocerus ruficeps (Pic, 1925)
**** = Phengodes ruficeps Pic, 1925
*** Pseudomastinocerus tinalandicus Wittmer, 1976
** Geslacht Ptorthodiellus Wittmer, 1976
*** Ptorthodiellus araguaicus Wittmer, 1976
*** Ptorthodiellus trinidadicus Wittmer, 1976
** Geslacht Ptorthodius Gorham, 1881
**** = Cephalodrilus Pic
*** Ptorthodius atricornis (Pic, 1929)
**** = Phrixothrix atricornis Pic, 1929
*** Ptorthodius lanei Wittmer, 1963
*** Ptorthodius mandibularis Gorham, 1881
**** = Cephalodrilus atrosignatus Pic
*** Ptorthodius quiguasensis Wittmer, 1996
** Geslacht Spangleriella Wittmer, 1988
*** Spangleriella vittata Wittmer, 1988
** Geslacht Stenophrixothrix Wittmer, 1963
*** Stenophrixothrix bogotensis (Pic, 1925)
**** = Phengodes bogotensis Pic, 1925
*** Stenophrixothrix chiriquensis Wittmer, 1988
*** Stenophrixothrix curticollis (Pic, 1925)
**** = Phengodes curticollis Pic, 1925
*** Stenophrixothrix darlingtoni Wittmer, 1976
*** Stenophrixothrix ecuadoranus Wittmer, 1988
*** Stenophrixothrix elongatus Wittmer, 1988
*** Stenophrixothrix espiritensis Wittmer, 1996
*** Stenophrixothrix fuscus Gorham, 1881
**** = Euryopa fusca Gorham, 1881
*** Stenophrixothrix howdeni Wittmer, 1988
*** Stenophrixothrix longipes Wittmer, 1976
*** Stenophrixothrix mandibularis Wittmer, 1988
*** Stenophrixothrix martinezi Wittmer, 1988
*** Stenophrixothrix minor Wittmer, 1976
*** Stenophrixothrix montanus Wittmer, 1976
*** Stenophrixothrix nigripennis Wittmer, 1976
*** Stenophrixothrix oculatus Wittmer, 1988
*** Stenophrixothrix pallens (Berg, 1885:232)
**** = Phengodes pallens Berg, 1885
*** Stenophrixothrix panamensis Wittmer, 1988
*** Stenophrixothrix pseudomandibularis Wittmer, 1988
** Geslacht Taximastinocerus Wittmer, 1963
*** Taximastinocerus beniensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Taximastinocerus brasiliensis Wittmer, 1976
*** Taximastinocerus breviplumatus Wittmer, 1988
*** Taximastinocerus brunneus Gorham, 1881
**** = Euryopa brunea Gorham, 1881
*** Taximastinocerus cephalotes (Pic, 1938)
**** = Phrixothrix cephalotes Pic, 1938
*** Taximastinocerus frontalis Wittmer, 1963
*** Taximastinocerus hermanni Wittmer, 1997
*** Taximastinocerus hickeri (Pic, 1929)
**** = Phrixothrix hickeri Pic, 1929
*** Taximastinocerus kissingeri Wittmer, 1963
*** Taximastinocerus levefumidus Wittmer, 1988
*** Taximastinocerus neblinensis Wittmer, 1988
*** Taximastinocerus nigricolor Wittmer, 1988
*** Taximastinocerus pallidus (Pic, 1938)
**** = Phrixothrix pallidus Pic, 1938
*** Taximastinocerus paralleleus Wittmer, 1976
*** Taximastinocerus plaumanni Wittmer, 1963
*** Taximastinocerus pseudobrunneus Wittmer, 1988
*** Taximastinocerus puncticollis Wittmer, 1976
* Onderfamilie Penicillophorinae Paulus, 1975
** Geslacht Acladocera Wittmer, 1981
*** Acladocera hispaniolae Wittmer, 1981
** Geslacht Adendrocera Wittmer, 1976
*** Adendrocera flavulum (Wittmer, 1976)
**** = Anendocera flavulum Wittmer, 1976
** Geslacht Penicillophorus Paulus, 1974
*** Penicillophorus ctenotarsus Paulus, 1974
** Geslacht Tarsakanthos Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008
*** Tarsakanthos minuta Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008
** Geslacht Walterius Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008
*** Walterius caballeroae Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008
*** Walterius emilioi Zaragoza-Caballero, 2008
* ↑ V.w.b. onderfamilies Bouchard, P. et al (2011) Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys ISSN 1313-2989, 88: 1-972. DOI:10.3897/zookeys.88.807 ISBN 978-954-642-583-6 (hardback) ISBN 978-954-642-584-3 (paperback) ZooBank
* ↑ Roza, A.S., Quintino, H.Y.S., Mermudes, J.R.M & Silveira, Luiz F.L. Da (2017) Akamboja gen. nov., a new genus of railroad-worm beetle endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest, with five new species (Coleoptera: Phengodidae, Mastinocerinae), Zootaxa 4306 (4), pp. 501-523: 503-504
* ↑ Roza, A.S., Quintino, H.Y.S., Mermudes, J.R.M & Silveira, Luiz F.L. Da (2017) Akamboja gen. nov., a new genus of railroad-worm beetle endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest, with five new species (Coleoptera: Phengodidae, Mastinocerinae), Zootaxa 4306 (4), pp. 501-523: 516-518
* ↑ Roza, A.S., Quintino, H.Y.S., Mermudes, J.R.M & Silveira, Luiz F.L. Da (2017) Akamboja gen. nov., a new genus of railroad-worm beetle endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest, with five new species (Coleoptera: Phengodidae, Mastinocerinae), Zootaxa 4306 (4), pp. 501-523
* ↑ Roza, A.S., Quintino, H.Y.S., Mermudes, J.R.M & Silveira, Luiz F.L. Da (2017) Akamboja gen. nov., a new genus of railroad-worm beetle endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest, with five new species (Coleoptera: Phengodidae, Mastinocerinae), Zootaxa 4306 (4), pp. 501-523: 505-515
* ↑ Roza, A.S., Quintino, H.Y.S., Mermudes, J.R.M & Silveira, Luiz F.L. Da (2017) Akamboja gen. nov., a new genus of railroad-worm beetle endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest, with five new species (Coleoptera: Phengodidae, Mastinocerinae), Zootaxa 4306 (4), pp. 501-523: 515
* ↑ Roza, A.S., Quintino, H.Y.S., Mermudes, J.R.M & Silveira, Luiz F.L. Da (2017) Akamboja gen. nov., a new genus of railroad-worm beetle endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest, with five new species (Coleoptera: Phengodidae, Mastinocerinae), Zootaxa 4306 (4), pp. 501-523: 516
* ↑ Zaragoza-Caballero, S. (2010) Paraphrixothrix ecuadoranus, a new genus and species of Phengodidae (Coleoptera: Mastinocerinae) from Ecuador. Pan-Pacific entomologist, 86(4): 105–110. DOI:10.3956/2007-40.1
* ↑ Wittmer, W. (1963) Zur Kenntnis der Phengodidae (Coleoptera) (25. Beitrag zuer Kenntnis der neotropischen Malacodermata). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, 36, 73–99.
* 1 2 3 4 5 Zaragoza-Caballero, S. (2008) Two new genera and three new species of Penicillophorinae (Coleoptera: Phengodidae) of Mexico. Revista mexicana de biodiversidad, 79(2): 363–368. PDF