# Isotopen van hafnium

Het chemisch element hafnium (Hf), met een atoommassa van 178,49(2) u, bezit 5 stabiele isotopen: $^{176}$Hf, $^{177}$Hf, $^{178}$Hf, $^{179}$Hf, en $^{180}$Hf, waarvan de laatste het meest abundant is (ongeveer 35%). Daarnaast komt in de natuur ook de radio-isotoop $^{174}$Hf voor, die een halfwaardetijd van 2 biljard jaar bezit. De overige 29 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde). Alle stabiele isotopen worden ervan verdacht via α-verval over te gaan tot isotopen van ytterbium, maar dit verval is nog nooit waargenomen.
De kortstlevende isotoop van hafnium is $^{153}$Hf, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 400 milliseconden. De langstlevende is $^{174}$Hf, met een halfwaardetijd van 2 biljard jaar.

## Overzicht

| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) | Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
| Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |||
| $^{153}$Hf | 72 | 81 | 152,97069(54) | 400 ms | | | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{153m}$Hf | 750(100) keV | 750(100) keV | 750(100) keV | 500 ms | | | 11/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{154}$Hf | 72 | 82 | 153,96486(54) | 2(1) s | β$^+$ | $^{154}$Lu | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{154}$Hf | 72 | 82 | 153,96486(54) | 2(1) s | α (zelden) | $^{150}$Yb | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{155}$Hf | 72 | 83 | 154,96339(43) | 890(120) ms | β$^+$ | $^{155}$Lu | 7/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{155}$Hf | 72 | 83 | 154,96339(43) | 890(120) ms | α (rare) | $^{151}$Yb | 7/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{156}$Hf | 72 | 84 | 155,95936(22) | 23(1) ms | α (97%) | $^{152}$Yb | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{156}$Hf | 72 | 84 | 155,95936(22) | 23(1) ms | β$^+$ (3%) | $^{156}$Lu | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{156m}$Hf | 1959,0(10) keV | 1959,0(10) keV | 1959,0(10) keV | 480(40) µs | | | 8$^+$ | | |
| $^{157}$Hf | 72 | 85 | 156,95840(21) | 115(1) ms | α (86%) | $^{153}$Yb | 7/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{157}$Hf | 72 | 85 | 156,95840(21) | 115(1) ms | β$^+$ (14%) | $^{157}$Lu | 7/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{158}$Hf | 72 | 86 | 157,954799(19) | 2,84(7) s | β$^+$ (55%) | $^{158}$Lu | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{158}$Hf | 72 | 86 | 157,954799(19) | 2,84(7) s | α (45%) | $^{154}$Yb | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{159}$Hf | 72 | 87 | 158,953995(18) | 5,20(10) s | β$^+$ (59%) | $^{159}$Lu | 7/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{159}$Hf | 72 | 87 | 158,953995(18) | 5,20(10) s | α (41%) | $^{155}$Yb | 7/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{160}$Hf | 72 | 88 | 159,950684(12) | 13,6(2) s | β$^+$ (99,3%) | $^{160}$Lu | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{160}$Hf | 72 | 88 | 159,950684(12) | 13,6(2) s | α (0,7%) | $^{156}$Yb | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{161}$Hf | 72 | 89 | 160,950275(24) | 18,2(5) s | β$^+$ (99,7%) | $^{161}$Lu | 3/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{161}$Hf | 72 | 89 | 160,950275(24) | 18,2(5) s | α (0,3%) | $^{157}$Yb | 3/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{162}$Hf | 72 | 90 | 161,94721(1) | 39,4(9) s | β$^+$ (99,99%) | $^{162}$Lu | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{162}$Hf | 72 | 90 | 161,94721(1) | 39,4(9) s | α (0,008%) | $^{158}$Yb | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{163}$Hf | 72 | 91 | 162,94709(3) | 40,0(6) s | β$^+$ | $^{163}$Lu | 3/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{163}$Hf | 72 | 91 | 162,94709(3) | 40,0(6) s | α (10$^{−4}$%) | $^{159}$Yb | 3/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{164}$Hf | 72 | 92 | 163,944367(22) | 111(8) s | β$^+$ | $^{164}$Lu | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{165}$Hf | 72 | 93 | 164,94457(3) | 76(4) s | β$^+$ | $^{165}$Lu | (5/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{166}$Hf | 72 | 94 | 165,94218(3) | 6,77(30) min | β$^+$ | $^{166}$Lu | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{167}$Hf | 72 | 95 | 166,94260(3) | 2,05(5) min | β$^+$ | $^{167}$Lu | 5/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{168}$Hf | 72 | 96 | 167,94057(3) | 25,95(20) min | β$^+$ | $^{168}$Lu | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{169}$Hf | 72 | 97 | 168,94126(3) | 3,24(4) min | β$^+$ | $^{169}$Lu | 5/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{170}$Hf | 72 | 98 | 169,93961(3) | 16,01(13) uur | EV | $^{170}$Lu | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{171}$Hf | 72 | 99 | 170,94049(3) | 12,1(4) uur | β$^+$ | $^{171}$Lu | 7/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{171m}$Hf | 21,93(9) keV | 21,93(9) keV | 21,93(9) keV | 29,5(9) s | IT | $^{171}$Hf | 1/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{172}$Hf | 72 | 100 | 171,939448(26) | 1,87(3) jaar | EV | $^{172}$Lu | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{172m}$Hf | 2005,58(11) keV | 2005,58(11) keV | 2005,58(11) keV | 163(3) ns | | | (8$^−$) | | |
| $^{173}$Hf | 72 | 101 | 172,94051(3) | 23,6(1) uur | β$^+$ | $^{173}$Lu | 1/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{174}$Hf | 72 | 102 | 173,940046(3) | 2,0(4) × 10$^{15}$ jaar | α | $^{170}$Yb | 0$^+$ | 0,0016(1) | 0,001619 - 0,001621 |
| $^{174m1}$Hf | 1549,3 keV | 1549,3 keV | 1549,3 keV | 138(4) ns | | | (6$^+$) | | |
| $^{174m2}$Hf | 1797,5(20) keV | 1797,5(20) keV | 1797,5(20) keV | 2,39(4) µs | | | (8$^−$) | | |
| $^{174m3}$Hf | 1797,5 keV | 1797,5 keV | 1797,5 keV | 2,39(4) µs | | | (8$^−$) | | |
| $^{174m4}$Hf | 3311,7 keV | 3311,7 keV | 3311,7 keV | 3,7(2) µs | | | (14$^+$) | | |
| $^{175}$Hf | 72 | 103 | 174,941509(3) | 70(2) dagen | β$^+$ | $^{175}$Lu | 5/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{176}$Hf | 72 | 104 | 175,9414086(24) | stabiel | stabiel | stabiel | 0$^+$ | 0,0526(7) | 0,05206 - 0,05271 |
| $^{177}$Hf | 72 | 105 | 176,9432207(23) | stabiel | stabiel | stabiel | 7/2$^−$ | 0,1860(9) | 0,18593 - 0,18606 |
| $^{177m1}$Hf | 1315,4504(8) keV | 1315,4504(8) keV | 1315,4504(8) keV | 1,09(5) s | | | 23/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{177m2}$Hf | 1342,38(20) keV | 1342,38(20) keV | 1342,38(20) keV | 55,9(12) µs | | | (19/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{177m3}$Hf | 2740,02(15) keV | 2740,02(15) keV | 2740,02(15) keV | 51,4(5) min | | | 37/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{178}$Hf | 72 | 106 | 177,9436988(23) | stabiel | stabiel | stabiel | 0$^+$ | 0,2728(7) | 0,27278 - 0,27297 |
| $^{178m1}$Hf | 1147,423(5) keV | 1147,423(5) keV | 1147,423(5) keV | 4,0(2) s | | | 8$^−$ | | |
| $^{178m2}$Hf | 2573,5(5) keV | 2573,5(5) keV | 2573,5(5) keV | 68(2) µs | | | (14$^−$) | | |
| $^{178m3}$Hf | 2445,69(11) keV | 2445,69(11) keV | 2445,69(11) keV | 31(1) jaar | | | 16$^+$ | | |
| $^{179}$Hf | 72 | 107 | 178,9458161(23) | stabiel | stabiel | stabiel | 9/2$^+$ | 0,1362(2) | 0,13619 - 0,1363 |
| $^{179m1}$Hf | 375,0367(25) keV | 375,0367(25) keV | 375,0367(25) keV | 18,67(4) s | | | 1/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{179m2}$Hf | 1105,84(19) keV | 1105,84(19) keV | 1105,84(19) keV | 25,05(25) dagen | | | 25/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{180}$Hf | 72 | 108 | 179,9465500(23) | stabiel | stabiel | stabiel | 0$^+$ | 0,3508(16) | 0,35076 - 0,351 |
| $^{180m1}$Hf | 1141,48(4) keV | 1141,48(4) keV | 1141,48(4) keV | 5,47(4) uur | | | 8$^−$ | | |
| $^{180m2}$Hf | 1374,15(4) keV | 1374,15(4) keV | 1374,15(4) keV | 0,57(2) µs | | | (4$^−$) | | |
| $^{180m3}$Hf | 2425,8(10) keV | 2425,8(10) keV | 2425,8(10) keV | 15(5) µs | | | (10$^+$) | | |
| $^{180m4}$Hf | 2486,3(9) keV | 2486,3(9) keV | 2486,3(9) keV | 10(1) µs | | | 12$^+$ | | |
| $^{180m5}$Hf | 2538,3(12) keV | 2538,3(12) keV | 2538,3(12) keV | > 10 µs | | | (14$^+$) | | |
| $^{180m6}$Hf | 3599,3(18) keV | 3599,3(18) keV | 3599,3(18) keV | 90(10) µs | | | (18$^−$) | | |
| $^{181}$Hf | 72 | 109 | 180,9491012(23) | 42,39(6) dagen | β$^−$ | $^{181}$Ta | 1/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{181m1}$Hf | 595(3) keV | 595(3) keV | 595(3) keV | 80(5) µs | | | (9/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{181m2}$Hf | 1040(10) keV | 1040(10) keV | 1040(10) keV | ± 100 µs | | | (17/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{181m3}$Hf | 1738(10) keV | 1738(10) keV | 1738(10) keV | 1,5(5) ms | | | (27/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{182}$Hf | 72 | 110 | 181,950554(7) | 8,90(9) × 10$^6$ jaar | β$^−$ | $^{182}$Ta | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{182m}$Hf | 1172,88(18) keV | 1172,88(18) keV | 1172,88(18) keV | 61,5(15) min | β$^−$ (58%) | $^{182}$Ta | 8$^−$ | | |
| $^{182m}$Hf | 1172,88(18) keV | 1172,88(18) keV | 1172,88(18) keV | 61,5(15) min | IT (42%) | $^{182}$Hf | 8$^−$ | | |
| $^{183}$Hf | 72 | 111 | 182,95353(3) | 1,067(17) uur | β$^−$ | $^{183}$Ta | (3/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{184}$Hf | 72 | 112 | 183,95545(4) | 4,12(5) uur | β$^−$ | $^{184}$Ta | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{184m}$Hf | 1272,4(4) keV | 1272,4(4) keV | 1272,4(4) keV | 48(10) s | β$^−$ | $^{184}$Ta | 8$^−$ | | |
| $^{185}$Hf | 72 | 113 | 184,95882(21) | 3,5(6) min | β$^−$ | $^{185}$Ta | 3/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{186}$Hf | 72 | 114 | 185,96089(32) | 2,6(12) min | β$^−$ | $^{186}$Ta | 0$^+$ | | |
| $^{187}$Hf | 72 | 115 | 186,96459(43) | 30 s | | | | | |
| $^{188}$Hf | 72 | 116 | 187,96685(54) | 20 s | | | 0$^+$ | | |

## Overzicht van isotopen per element

* (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
* (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
* (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
* (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
* (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
$^{153}$Hf · $^{153m}$Hf · $^{154}$Hf · $^{155}$Hf · $^{156}$Hf · $^{156m}$Hf · $^{157}$Hf · $^{158}$Hf · $^{159}$Hf · $^{160}$Hf · $^{161}$Hf · $^{162}$Hf · $^{163}$Hf · $^{164}$Hf · $^{165}$Hf · $^{166}$Hf · $^{167}$Hf · $^{168}$Hf · $^{169}$Hf · $^{170}$Hf · $^{171}$Hf · $^{171m}$Hf · $^{172}$Hf · $^{172m}$Hf · $^{173}$Hf · $^{174}$Hf · $^{174m1}$Hf · $^{174m2}$Hf · $^{174m3}$Hf · $^{174m4}$Hf · $^{175}$Hf · $^{176}$Hf · $^{177}$Hf · $^{177m1}$Hf · $^{177m2}$Hf · $^{177m3}$Hf · $^{178}$Hf · $^{178m1}$Hf · $^{178m2}$Hf · $^{178m3}$Hf · $^{179}$Hf · $^{179m1}$Hf · $^{179m2}$Hf · $^{180}$Hf · $^{180m1}$Hf · $^{180m2}$Hf · $^{180m3}$Hf · $^{180m4}$Hf · $^{180m5}$Hf · $^{180m6}$Hf · $^{181}$Hf · $^{181m1}$Hf · $^{181m2}$Hf · $^{181m3}$Hf · $^{182}$Hf · $^{182m}$Hf · $^{183}$Hf · $^{184}$Hf · $^{184m}$Hf · $^{185}$Hf · $^{186}$Hf · $^{187}$Hf · $^{188}$Hf · $^{189}$Hf · $^{190}$Hf