# Isotopen van thulium

Het chemisch element thulium (Tm), met een atoommassa van 168,93421(2) u, bezit 1 stabiele isotoop: $^{169}$Tm, die ervan verdacht wordt om via α-verval te vervallen tot de stabiele isotoop $^{165}$Ho. Het is tevens de enige in de natuur voorkomende isotoop van dit element, waardoor het valt onder de mononuclidische elementen. De 33 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van thulium is $^{145}$Tm, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 3,1 microseconden. De langstlevende is $^{171}$Tm, met een halfwaardetijd van 1,92 jaar.

## Overzicht

| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
| Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |||
| $^{145}$Tm | 69 | 76 | 144,97007(43) | 3,1(3) µs | | | (11/2$^−$) | |
| $^{146}$Tm | 69 | 77 | 145,96643(43) | 240(30) ms | p | $^{145}$Er | (6$^−$) | |
| $^{146}$Tm | 69 | 77 | 145,96643(43) | 240(30) ms | β$^+$ (zelden) | $^{146}$Er | (6$^−$) | |
| $^{146m}$Tm | 71(6) keV | 71(6) keV | 71(6) keV | 72(23) ms | p | $^{145}$Er | (10$^+$) | |
| $^{146m}$Tm | 71(6) keV | 71(6) keV | 71(6) keV | 72(23) ms | β$^+$ (zelden) | $^{146}$Er | (10$^+$) | |
| $^{147}$Tm | 69 | 78 | 146,96096(32) | 0,58(3) s | β$^+$ (85%) | $^{147}$Er | 11/2$^−$ | |
| $^{147}$Tm | 69 | 78 | 146,96096(32) | 0,58(3) s | p (15%) | $^{146}$Er | 11/2$^−$ | |
| $^{147m}$Tm | 60(5) keV | 60(5) keV | 60(5) keV | 360(40) µs | | | 3/2$^+$ | |
| $^{148}$Tm | 69 | 79 | 147,95784(43) | 0,7(2) s | β$^+$ | $^{148}$Er | (10$^+$) | |
| $^{148m}$Tm | | | | 0,7 s | | | | |
| $^{149}$Tm | 69 | 80 | 148,95272(32) | 0,9(2) s | β$^+$ (99,74%) | $^{149}$Er | (11/2$^−$) | |
| $^{149}$Tm | 69 | 80 | 148,95272(32) | 0,9(2) s | β$^+$, p (0,26%) | $^{148}$Ho | (11/2$^−$) | |
| $^{150}$Tm | 69 | 81 | 149,94996(21) | 3 s | β$^+$ | $^{150}$Er | (1$^+$) | |
| $^{150m1}$Tm | 140(140) keV | 140(140) keV | 140(140) keV | 2,20(6) s | β$^+$ (98,8%) | $^{150}$Er | (6$^−$) | |
| $^{150m1}$Tm | 140(140) keV | 140(140) keV | 140(140) keV | 2,20(6) s | β$^+$, p (1,2%) | $^{149}$Ho | (6$^−$) | |
| $^{150m2}$Tm | 810(140) keV | 810(140) keV | 810(140) keV | 5,2(3) ms | | | (10$^+$) | |
| $^{151}$Tm | 69 | 82 | 150,945483(22) | 4,17(10) s | β$^+$ | $^{151}$Er | (11/2$^−$) | |
| $^{151m1}$Tm | 92(7) keV | 92(7) keV | 92(7) keV | 6,6(14) s | β$^+$ | $^{151}$Er | (1/2$^+$) | |
| $^{151m2}$Tm | 2655,67(22) keV | 2655,67(22) keV | 2655,67(22) keV | 451(24) ns | | | (27/2$^−$) | |
| $^{152}$Tm | 69 | 83 | 151,94442(8) | 8,0(10) s | β$^+$ | $^{152}$Er | 2$^−$ | |
| $^{152m1}$Tm | 100(80) keV | 100(80) keV | 100(80) keV | 5,2(6) s | β$^+$ | $^{152}$Er | 9$^+$ | |
| $^{152m2}$Tm | 2555,05(19)$^+$X keV | 2555,05(19)$^+$X keV | 2555,05(19)$^+$X keV | 294(12) ns | | | (17$^+$) | |
| $^{153}$Tm | 69 | 84 | 152,942012(20) | 1,48(1) s | α (91%) | $^{149}$Ho | (11/2$^−$) | |
| $^{153}$Tm | 69 | 84 | 152,942012(20) | 1,48(1) s | β$^+$ (9%) | $^{153}$Er | (11/2$^−$) | |
| $^{153m}$Tm | 43,2(2) keV | 43,2(2) keV | 43,2(2) keV | 2,5(2) s | α (92%) | $^{149}$Ho | (1/2$^+$) | |
| $^{153m}$Tm | 43,2(2) keV | 43,2(2) keV | 43,2(2) keV | 2,5(2) s | β$^+$ (8%) | $^{153}$Er | (1/2$^+$) | |
| $^{154}$Tm | 69 | 85 | 153,941568(15) | 8,1(3) s | β$^+$ (56%) | $^{154}$Er | (2$^−$) | |
| $^{154}$Tm | 69 | 85 | 153,941568(15) | 8,1(3) s | α (44%) | $^{150}$Ho | (2$^−$) | |
| $^{154m}$Tm | 70(50) keV | 70(50) keV | 70(50) keV | 3,30(7) s | α (90%) | $^{150}$Ho | (9$^+$) | |
| $^{154m}$Tm | 70(50) keV | 70(50) keV | 70(50) keV | 3,30(7) s | β$^+$ (10%) | $^{154}$Er | (9$^+$) | |
| $^{155}$Tm | 69 | 86 | 154,939199(14) | 21,6(2) s | β$^+$ (98,1%) | $^{155}$Er | (11/2$^−$) | |
| $^{155}$Tm | 69 | 86 | 154,939199(14) | 21,6(2) s | α (1,9%) | $^{151}$Ho | (11/2$^−$) | |
| $^{155m}$Tm | 41(6) keV | 41(6) keV | 41(6) keV | 45(3) s | β$^+$ (92%) | $^{155}$Er | (1/2$^+$) | |
| $^{155m}$Tm | 41(6) keV | 41(6) keV | 41(6) keV | 45(3) s | α (8%) | $^{151}$Ho | (1/2$^+$) | |
| $^{156}$Tm | 69 | 87 | 155,938980(17) | 83,8(18) s | β$^+$ (99,93%) | $^{156}$Er | 2$^−$ | |
| $^{156}$Tm | 69 | 87 | 155,938980(17) | 83,8(18) s | α (0,064%) | $^{152}$Er | 2$^−$ | |
| $^{156m}$Tm | 203,6(5) keV | 203,6(5) keV | 203,6(5) keV | ± 400 ns | | | (11$^−$) | |
| $^{157}$Tm | 69 | 88 | 156,93697(3) | 3,63(9) min | β$^+$ | $^{157}$Er | 1/2$^+$ | |
| $^{158}$Tm | 69 | 89 | 157,936980(27) | 3,98(6) min | β$^+$ | $^{158}$Er | 2$^−$ | |
| $^{158m}$Tm | 50(100) keV | 50(100) keV | 50(100) keV | ± 20 ns | | | (5$^+$) | |
| $^{159}$Tm | 69 | 90 | 158,93498(3) | 9,13(16) min | β$^+$ | $^{159}$Er | 5/2$^+$ | |
| $^{160}$Tm | 69 | 91 | 159,93526(4) | 9,4(3) min | β$^+$ | $^{160}$Er | 1$^−$ | |
| $^{160m1}$Tm | 70(20) keV | 70(20) keV | 70(20) keV | 74,5(15) s | IT (85%) | $^{160}$Tm | 5($^+$) | |
| $^{160m1}$Tm | 70(20) keV | 70(20) keV | 70(20) keV | 74,5(15) s | β$^+$ (15%) | $^{160}$Er | 5($^+$) | |
| $^{160m2}$Tm | 98,2$^+$X keV | 98,2$^+$X keV | 98,2$^+$X keV | ± 200 ns | | | (8) | |
| $^{161}$Tm | 69 | 92 | 160,93355(3) | 30,2(8) min | β$^+$ | $^{161}$Er | 7/2$^+$ | |
| $^{161m1}$Tm | 7,4(2) keV | 7,4(2) keV | 7,4(2) keV | 5 min | | | 1/2$^+$ | |
| $^{161m2}$Tm | 78,20(3) keV | 78,20(3) keV | 78,20(3) keV | 110(3) ns | | | 7/2$^−$ | |
| $^{162}$Tm | 69 | 93 | 161,933995(28) | 21,70(19) min | β$^+$ | $^{162}$Er | 1$^−$ | |
| $^{162m}$Tm | 130(40) keV | 130(40) keV | 130(40) keV | 24,3(17) s | IT (82%) | $^{162}$Tm | 5$^+$ | |
| $^{162m}$Tm | 130(40) keV | 130(40) keV | 130(40) keV | 24,3(17) s | β$^+$ (18%) | $^{162}$Er | 5$^+$ | |
| $^{163}$Tm | 69 | 94 | 162,932651(6) | 1,810(5) uur | β$^+$ | $^{163}$Er | 1/2$^+$ | |
| $^{164}$Tm | 69 | 95 | 163,93356(3) | 2,0(1) min | β$^+$ | $^{164}$Er | 1$^+$ | |
| $^{164m}$Tm | 10(6) keV | 10(6) keV | 10(6) keV | 5,1(1) min | IT (80%) | $^{164}$Tm | 6$^−$ | |
| $^{164m}$Tm | 10(6) keV | 10(6) keV | 10(6) keV | 5,1(1) min | β$^+$ (20%) | $^{164}$Er | 6$^−$ | |
| $^{165}$Tm | 69 | 96 | 164,932435(4) | 30,06(3) uur | β$^+$ | $^{165}$Er | 1/2$^+$ | |
| $^{166}$Tm | 69 | 97 | 165,933554(13) | 7,70(3) uur | β$^+$ | $^{166}$Er | 2$^+$ | |
| $^{166m}$Tm | 122(8) keV | 122(8) keV | 122(8) keV | 340(25) ms | IT | $^{166}$Tm | 6$^−$ | |
| $^{167}$Tm | 69 | 98 | 166,9328516(29) | 9,25(2) dagen | EV | $^{167}$Er | 1/2$^+$ | |
| $^{167m1}$Tm | 179,480(19) keV | 179,480(19) keV | 179,480(19) keV | 1,16(6) µs | | | 7/2$^+$ | |
| $^{167m2}$Tm | 292,820(20) keV | 292,820(20) keV | 292,820(20) keV | 0,9(1) µs | | | 7/2$^−$ | |
| $^{168}$Tm | 69 | 99 | 167,934173(3) | 93,1(2) dagen | β$^+$ (99,99%) | $^{168}$Er | 3$^+$ | |
| $^{168}$Tm | 69 | 99 | 167,934173(3) | 93,1(2) dagen | β$^−$ (0,01%) | $^{168}$Yb | 3$^+$ | |
| $^{169}$Tm | 69 | 100 | 168,9342133(27) | stabiel | stabiel | stabiel | 1/2$^+$ | 1,0000 |
| $^{170}$Tm | 69 | 101 | 169,9358014(27) | 128,6(3) dagen | β$^−$ (99,86%) | $^{170}$Yb | 1- | |
| $^{170}$Tm | 69 | 101 | 169,9358014(27) | 128,6(3) dagen | EV (0,14%) | $^{170}$Er | 1- | |
| $^{170m}$Tm | 183,197(4) keV | 183,197(4) keV | 183,197(4) keV | 4,12(13) µs | | | 3$^+$ | |
| $^{171}$Tm | 69 | 102 | 170,9364294(28) | 1,92(1) jaar | β$^−$ | $^{171}$Yb | 1/2$^+$ | |
| $^{171m}$Tm | 424,9560(15) keV | 424,9560(15) keV | 424,9560(15) keV | 2,60(2) µs | | | 7/2$^−$ | |
| $^{172}$Tm | 69 | 103 | 171,938400(6) | 63,6(2) uur | β$^−$ | $^{172}$Yb | 2$^−$ | |
| $^{173}$Tm | 69 | 104 | 172,939604(5) | 8,24(8) uur | β$^−$ | $^{173}$Yb | (1/2$^+$) | |
| $^{173m}$Tm | 317,73(20) keV | 317,73(20) keV | 317,73(20) keV | 10(3) µs | | | (7/2$^−$) | |
| $^{174}$Tm | 69 | 105 | 173,94217(5) | 5,4(1) min | β$^−$ | $^{174}$Yb | 4$^−$ | |
| $^{175}$Tm | 69 | 106 | 174,94384(5) | 15,2(5) min | β$^−$ | $^{175}$Yb | (1/2$^+$) | |
| $^{176}$Tm | 69 | 107 | 175,94699(11) | 1,85(3) min | β$^−$ | $^{176}$Yb | (4$^+$) | |
| $^{177}$Tm | 69 | 108 | 176,94904(32) | 90(6) s | β$^−$ | $^{177}$Yb | (7/2$^−$) | |
| $^{178}$Tm | 69 | 109 | 177,95264(43) | 30 s | β$^−$ | $^{178}$Yb | | |
| $^{179}$Tm | 69 | 110 | 178,95534(54) | 20 s | β$^−$ | $^{179}$Yb | 1/2$^+$ | |

## Overzicht van isotopen per element

* (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
* (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
* (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
* (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
* (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
$^{144}$Tm · $^{145}$Tm · $^{146}$Tm · $^{146m}$Tm · $^{147}$Tm · $^{147m}$Tm · $^{148}$Tm · $^{148m}$Tm · $^{149}$Tm · $^{150}$Tm · $^{150m1}$Tm · $^{150m2}$Tm · $^{151}$Tm · $^{151m1}$Tm · $^{151m2}$Tm · $^{152}$Tm · $^{152m1}$Tm · $^{152m2}$Tm · $^{153}$Tm · $^{153m}$Tm · $^{154}$Tm · $^{154m}$Tm · $^{155}$Tm · $^{155m}$Tm · $^{156}$Tm · $^{156m}$Tm · $^{157}$Tm · $^{158}$Tm · $^{158m}$Tm · $^{159}$Tm · $^{160}$Tm · $^{160m1}$Tm · $^{160m2}$Tm · $^{161}$Tm · $^{161m1}$Tm · $^{161m2}$Tm · $^{162}$Tm · $^{162m}$Tm · $^{163}$Tm · $^{164}$Tm · $^{164m}$Tm · $^{165}$Tm · $^{166}$Tm · $^{166m}$Tm · $^{167}$Tm · $^{167m1}$Tm · $^{167m2}$Tm · $^{168}$Tm · $^{169}$Tm · $^{170}$Tm · $^{170m}$Tm · $^{171}$Tm · $^{171m}$Tm · $^{172}$Tm · $^{173}$Tm · $^{173m}$Tm · $^{174}$Tm · $^{175}$Tm · $^{176}$Tm · $^{177}$Tm · $^{178}$Tm · $^{179}$Tm · $^{180}$Tm · $^{181}$Tm