# Isotopen van thallium

Het chemisch element thallium (Tl), met een atoommassa van 204,3833(2) u, bezit 2 stabiele isotopen: $^{203}$Tl en $^{205}$Tl, waarvan de laatste het meeste voorkomt (ongeveer 70,5%). De 36 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde). Alle stabiele isotopen worden ervan verdacht α-verval te ondergaan tot stabiele isotopen van goud. In de natuur komen ook sporen van de radio-isotopen $^{206}$Tl, $^{207}$Tl, $^{208}$Tl en $^{210}$Tl voor.
De kortstlevende isotoop van thallium is $^{176}$Tl, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 5,2 milliseconden. De langstlevende is $^{204}$Tl, met een halfwaardetijd van 3,78 jaar.

## Overzicht

| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) | Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
| Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |||
| $^{176}$Tl | 81 | 95 | 176,00059(21) | 5,2 ms | | | (3$^−$, 4$^−$, 5$^−$) | | |
| $^{177}$Tl | 81 | 100 | 176,996427(27) | 18(5) ms | p | $^{176}$Hg | (1/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{177}$Tl | 81 | 100 | 176,996427(27) | 18(5) ms | α (zelden) | $^{173}$Au | (1/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{177m}$Tl | 807(18) keV | 807(18) keV | 807(18) keV | 230(40) µs | p | $^{176}$Hg | (11/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{177m}$Tl | 807(18) keV | 807(18) keV | 807(18) keV | 230(40) µs | α | $^{173}$Au | (11/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{178}$Tl | 81 | 97 | 177,99490(12) | 255(10) ms | α | $^{174}$Au | | | |
| $^{178}$Tl | 81 | 97 | 177,99490(12) | 255(10) ms | p (zelden) | $^{177}$Hg | | | |
| $^{179}$Tl | 81 | 98 | 178,99109(5) | 270(30) ms | α | $^{175}$Au | (1/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{179}$Tl | 81 | 98 | 178,99109(5) | 270(30) ms | p (zelden) | $^{178}$Hg | (1/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{179m}$Tl | 860(30) keV | 860(30) keV | 860(30) keV | 1,60(16) ms | α | $^{175}$Au | (9/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{179m}$Tl | 860(30) keV | 860(30) keV | 860(30) keV | 1,60(16) ms | IT (zelden) | $^{179}$Tl | (9/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{180}$Tl | 81 | 99 | 179,98991(13) | 1,5(2) s | α (75%) | $^{176}$Au | | | |
| $^{180}$Tl | 81 | 99 | 179,98991(13) | 1,5(2) s | β$^+$ (25%) | $^{180}$Hg | | | |
| $^{180}$Tl | 81 | 99 | 179,98991(13) | 1,5(2) s | β$^+$, splijting (10$^{−4}$%) | $^{100}$Ru, $^{80}$Kr | | | |
| $^{181}$Tl | 81 | 100 | 180,986257(10) | 3,2(3) s | α | $^{177}$Au | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{181}$Tl | 81 | 100 | 180,986257(10) | 3,2(3) s | β$^+$ | $^{181}$Hg | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{181m}$Tl | 857(29) keV | 857(29) keV | 857(29) keV | 1,7(4) ms | α | $^{177}$Au | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{181m}$Tl | 857(29) keV | 857(29) keV | 857(29) keV | 1,7(4) ms | β$^+$ | $^{181}$Hg | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{182}$Tl | 81 | 101 | 181,98567(8) | 2,0(3) s | β$^+$ (96%) | $^{182}$Hg | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{182}$Tl | 81 | 101 | 181,98567(8) | 2,0(3) s | α (4%) | $^{178}$Au | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{182m1}$Tl | 100(100) keV | 100(100) keV | 100(100) keV | 2,9(5) s | α | $^{178}$Au | (7$^+$) | | |
| $^{182m1}$Tl | 100(100) keV | 100(100) keV | 100(100) keV | 2,9(5) s | β$^+$ (zelden) | $^{182}$Hg | (7$^+$) | | |
| $^{182m2}$Tl | 600(140) keV | 600(140) keV | 600(140) keV | | | | 10$^−$ | | |
| $^{183}$Tl | 81 | 102 | 182,982193(10) | 6,9(7) s | β$^+$ (98%) | $^{183}$Hg | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{183}$Tl | 81 | 102 | 182,982193(10) | 6,9(7) s | α (2%) | $^{179}$Au | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{183m1}$Tl | 630(17) keV | 630(17) keV | 630(17) keV | 53,3(3) ms | IT (99,99%) | $^{183}$Tl | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{183m1}$Tl | 630(17) keV | 630(17) keV | 630(17) keV | 53,3(3) ms | α (0,01%) | $^{179}$Au | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{183m2}$Tl | 976,8(3) keV | 976,8(3) keV | 976,8(3) keV | 1,48(10) µs | | | (13/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{184}$Tl | 81 | 103 | 183,98187(5) | 9,7(6) s | β$^+$ | $^{184}$Hg | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{184m1}$Tl | 100(100) keV | 100(100) keV | 100(100) keV | 10 s | β$^+$ (97,9%) | $^{184}$Hg | 7$^+$ | | |
| $^{184m1}$Tl | 100(100) keV | 100(100) keV | 100(100) keV | 10 s | α (2,1%) | $^{180}$Au | 7$^+$ | | |
| $^{184m2}$Tl | 500(140) keV | 500(140) keV | 500(140) keV | > 20 ns | | | (10$^−$) | | |
| $^{185}$Tl | 81 | 104 | 184,97879(6) | 19,5(5) s | α | $^{181}$Au | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{185}$Tl | 81 | 104 | 184,97879(6) | 19,5(5) s | β$^+$ | $^{185}$Hg | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{185m}$Tl | 452,8(20) keV | 452,8(20) keV | 452,8(20) keV | 1,93(8) s | IT (99,99%) | $^{185}$Tl | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{185m}$Tl | 452,8(20) keV | 452,8(20) keV | 452,8(20) keV | 1,93(8) s | α (0,01%) | $^{181}$Au | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{185m}$Tl | 452,8(20) keV | 452,8(20) keV | 452,8(20) keV | 1,93(8) s | β$^+$ | $^{185}$Hg | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{186}$Tl | 81 | 105 | 185,97833(20) | 40 s | β$^+$ | $^{186}$Hg | (2$^−$) | | |
| $^{186}$Tl | 81 | 105 | 185,97833(20) | 40 s | α (0,006%) | $^{182}$Au | (2$^−$) | | |
| $^{186m1}$Tl | 320(180) keV | 320(180) keV | 320(180) keV | 27,5(10) s | β$^+$ | $^{186}$Hg | (7$^+$) | | |
| $^{186m2}$Tl | 690(180) keV | 690(180) keV | 690(180) keV | 2,9(2) s | | | (10$^−$) | | |
| $^{187}$Tl | 81 | 106 | 186,975906(9) | ± 51 s | β$^+$ | $^{187}$Hg | (1/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{187}$Tl | 81 | 106 | 186,975906(9) | ± 51 s | α (zelden) | $^{183}$Au | (1/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{187m}$Tl | 335(3) keV | 335(3) keV | 335(3) keV | 15,60(12) s | α | $^{183}$Au | (9/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{187m}$Tl | 335(3) keV | 335(3) keV | 335(3) keV | 15,60(12) s | IT | $^{187}$Tl | (9/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{187m}$Tl | 335(3) keV | 335(3) keV | 335(3) keV | 15,60(12) s | β$^+$ | $^{187}$Hg | (9/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{188}$Tl | 81 | 107 | 187,97601(4) | 71(2) s | β$^+$ | $^{188}$Hg | (2$^−$) | | |
| $^{188m1}$Tl | 40(30) keV | 40(30) keV | 40(30) keV | 71(1) s | β$^+$ | $^{188}$Hg | (7$^+$) | | |
| $^{188m2}$Tl | 310(30) keV | 310(30) keV | 310(30) keV | 41(4) ms | | | (9$^−$) | | |
| $^{189}$Tl | 81 | 108 | 188,973588(12) | 2,3(2) min | β$^+$ | $^{189}$Hg | (1/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{189m}$Tl | 257,6(13) keV | 257,6(13) keV | 257,6(13) keV | 1,4(1) min | β$^+$ (96%) | $^{189}$Hg | (9/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{189m}$Tl | 257,6(13) keV | 257,6(13) keV | 257,6(13) keV | 1,4(1) min | IT (4%) | $^{189}$Tl | (9/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{190}$Tl | 81 | 109 | 189,97388(5) | 2,6(3) min | β$^+$ | $^{190}$Hg | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{190m1}$Tl | 130(90) keV | 130(90) keV | 130(90) keV | 3,7(3) min | β$^+$ | $^{190}$Hg | 7$^+$ | | |
| $^{190m2}$Tl | 290(70) keV | 290(70) keV | 290(70) keV | 750(40) µs | | | (8$^−$) | | |
| $^{190m3}$Tl | 410(70) keV | 410(70) keV | 410(70) keV | > 1 µs | | | 9$^−$ | | |
| $^{191}$Tl | 81 | 110 | 190,971786(8) | 20 min | β$^+$ | $^{191}$Hg | (1/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{191m}$Tl | 297(7) keV | 297(7) keV | 297(7) keV | 5,22(16) min | β$^+$ | $^{191}$Hg | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{192}$Tl | 81 | 111 | 191,97223(3) | 9,6(4) min | β$^+$ | $^{192}$Hg | (2$^−$) | | |
| $^{192m1}$Tl | 160(50) keV | 160(50) keV | 160(50) keV | 10,8(2) min | β$^+$ | $^{192}$Hg | (7$^+$) | | |
| $^{192m2}$Tl | 407(54) keV | 407(54) keV | 407(54) keV | 296(5) ns | | | (8$^−$) | | |
| $^{193}$Tl | 81 | 112 | 192,97067(12) | 21,6(8) min | β$^+$ | $^{193}$Hg | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{193m}$Tl | 369(4) keV | 369(4) keV | 369(4) keV | 2,11(15) min | IT (75%) | $^{193}$Tl | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{193m}$Tl | 369(4) keV | 369(4) keV | 369(4) keV | 2,11(15) min | β$^+$ (25%) | $^{193}$Hg | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{194}$Tl | 81 | 113 | 193,97120(15) | 33,0(5) min | β$^+$ | $^{194}$Hg | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{194}$Tl | 81 | 113 | 193,97120(15) | 33,0(5) min | α (10$^{−7}$%) | $^{190}$Au | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{194m}$Tl | 300(200) keV | 300(200) keV | 300(200) keV | 32,8(2) min | β$^+$ | $^{194}$Hg | (7$^+$) | | |
| $^{195}$Tl | 81 | 114 | 194,969774(15) | 1,16(5) uur | β$^+$ | $^{195}$Hg | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{195m}$Tl | 482,63(17) keV | 482,63(17) keV | 482,63(17) keV | 3,6(4) s | IT | $^{195}$Tl | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{196}$Tl | 81 | 115 | 195,970481(13) | 1,84(3) uur | β$^+$ | $^{196}$Hg | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{196m}$Tl | 394,2(5) keV | 394,2(5) keV | 394,2(5) keV | 1,41(2) uur | β$^+$ (95,5%) | $^{196}$Hg | (7$^+$) | | |
| $^{196m}$Tl | 394,2(5) keV | 394,2(5) keV | 394,2(5) keV | 1,41(2) uur | IT (4,5%) | $^{196}$Tl | (7$^+$) | | |
| $^{197}$Tl | 81 | 116 | 196,969575(18) | 2,84(4) uur | β$^+$ | $^{197}$Hg | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{197m}$Tl | 608,22(8) keV | 608,22(8) keV | 608,22(8) keV | 540(10) ms | IT | $^{197}$Tl | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{198}$Tl | 81 | 117 | 197,97048(9) | 5,3(5) uur | β$^+$ | $^{198}$Hg | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{198m1}$Tl | 543,5(4) keV | 543,5(4) keV | 543,5(4) keV | 1,87(3) uur | β$^+$ (54%) | $^{198}$Hg | 7$^+$ | | |
| $^{198m1}$Tl | 543,5(4) keV | 543,5(4) keV | 543,5(4) keV | 1,87(3) uur | IT (46%) | $^{198}$Tl | 7$^+$ | | |
| $^{198m2}$Tl | 687,2(5) keV | 687,2(5) keV | 687,2(5) keV | 150(40) ns | | | (5$^+$) | | |
| $^{198m3}$Tl | 742,3(4) keV | 742,3(4) keV | 742,3(4) keV | 32,1(10) ms | | | (10$^−$) | | |
| $^{199}$Tl | 81 | 118 | 198,96988(3) | 7,42(8) uur | β$^+$ | $^{199}$Hg | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{199m}$Tl | 749,7(3) keV | 749,7(3) keV | 749,7(3) keV | 28,4(2) ms | IT | $^{199}$Tl | 9/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{200}$Tl | 81 | 119 | 199,970963(6) | 26,1(1) uur | β$^+$ | $^{200}$Hg | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{200m1}$Tl | 753,6(2) keV | 753,6(2) keV | 753,6(2) keV | 34,3(10) ms | IT | $^{200}$Tl | 7$^+$ | | |
| $^{200m2}$Tl | 762,0(2) keV | 762,0(2) keV | 762,0(2) keV | 0,33(5) µs | | | 5$^+$ | | |
| $^{201}$Tl | 81 | 120 | 200,970819(16) | 72,912(17) uur | EV | $^{201}$Hg | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{201m}$Tl | 919,50(9) keV | 919,50(9) keV | 919,50(9) keV | 2,035(7) ms | IT | $^{201}$Tl | (9/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{202}$Tl | 81 | 121 | 201,972106(16) | 12,23(2) dagen | β$^+$ | $^{202}$Hg | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{202m}$Tl | 950,19(10) keV | 950,19(10) keV | 950,19(10) keV | 572(7) µs | | | 7$^+$ | | |
| $^{203}$Tl | 81 | 122 | 202,9723442(14) | stabiel | stabiel | stabiel | 1/2$^+$ | 0,2952(1) | 0,29494 - 0,29528 |
| $^{203m}$Tl | 3400(300) keV | 3400(300) keV | 3400(300) keV | 7,7(5) µs | | | (25/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{204}$Tl | 81 | 123 | 203,9738635(13) | 3,78(2) jaar | β$^−$ (97,1%) | $^{204}$Pb | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{204}$Tl | 81 | 123 | 203,9738635(13) | 3,78(2) jaar | EV (2,9%) | $^{204}$Hg | 2$^−$ | | |
| $^{204m1}$Tl | 1104,0(4) keV | 1104,0(4) keV | 1104,0(4) keV | 63(2) µs | | | 7$^+$ | | |
| $^{204m2}$Tl | 2500(500) keV | 2500(500) keV | 2500(500) keV | 2,6(2) µs | | | (12$^−$) | | |
| $^{204m3}$Tl | 3500(500) keV | 3500(500) keV | 3500(500) keV | 1,6(2) µs | | | (20$^+$) | | |
| $^{205}$Tl | 81 | 124 | 204,9744275(14) | stabiel | stabiel | stabiel | 1/2$^+$ | 0,7048(1) | 0,70472 - 0,70506 |
| $^{205m1}$Tl | 3290,63(17) keV | 3290,63(17) keV | 3290,63(17) keV | 2,6(2) µs | | | 25/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{205m2}$Tl | 4835,6(15) keV | 4835,6(15) keV | 4835,6(15) keV | 235(10) ns | | | (35/2$^−$) | | |
| $^{206}$Tl | 81 | 125 | 205,9761103(15) | 4,200(17) min | β$^−$ | $^{206}$Pb | 0$^−$ | sporen | |
| $^{206m}$Tl | 2643,11(19) keV | 2643,11(19) keV | 2643,11(19) keV | 3,74(3) min | IT | $^{206}$Tl | (12$^−$) | | |
| $^{207}$Tl | 81 | 126 | 206,977419(6) | 4,77(2) min | β$^−$ | $^{207}$Pb | 1/2$^+$ | sporen | |
| $^{207m}$Tl | 1348,1(3) keV | 1348,1(3) keV | 1348,1(3) keV | 1,33(11) s | IT (99,9%) | $^{207}$Tl | 11/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{207m}$Tl | 1348,1(3) keV | 1348,1(3) keV | 1348,1(3) keV | 1,33(11) s | β$^−$ (0,1%) | $^{207}$Pb | 11/2$^−$ | | |
| $^{208}$Tl | 81 | 127 | 207,9820187(21) | 3,053(4) min | β$^−$ | $^{208}$Pb | 5$^+$ | sporen | |
| $^{209}$Tl | 81 | 128 | 208,985359(8) | 2,161(7) min | β$^−$ | $^{209}$Pb | (1/2$^+$) | | |
| $^{210}$Tl | 81 | 129 | 209,990074(12) | 1,30(3) min | β$^−$ (99,991%) | $^{210}$Pb | (5$^+$) | sporen | |
| $^{210}$Tl | 81 | 129 | 209,990074(12) | 1,30(3) min | β$^−$, n (0,009%) | $^{209}$Pb | (5$^+$) | sporen | |
| $^{211}$Tl | 81 | 130 | 210,99348(22) | 1 min | | | 1/2$^+$ | | |
| $^{212}$Tl | 81 | 131 | 211,99823(32) | 30 s | | | 5$^+$ | | |

## Overzicht van isotopen per element

* (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
* (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
* (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
* (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
* (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
$^{176}$Tl · $^{177}$Tl · $^{177m}$Tl · $^{178}$Tl · $^{179}$Tl · $^{179m}$Tl · $^{180}$Tl · $^{181}$Tl · $^{181m}$Tl · $^{182}$Tl · $^{182m1}$Tl · $^{182m2}$Tl · $^{183}$Tl · $^{183m1}$Tl · $^{183m2}$Tl · $^{184}$Tl · $^{184m1}$Tl · $^{184m2}$Tl · $^{185}$Tl · $^{185m}$Tl · $^{186}$Tl · $^{186m1}$Tl · $^{186m2}$Tl · $^{187}$Tl · $^{187m}$Tl · $^{188}$Tl · $^{188m1}$Tl · $^{188m2}$Tl · $^{189}$Tl · $^{189m}$Tl · $^{190}$Tl · $^{190m1}$Tl · $^{190m2}$Tl · $^{190m3}$Tl · $^{191}$Tl · $^{191m}$Tl · $^{192}$Tl · $^{192m1}$Tl · $^{192m2}$Tl · $^{193}$Tl · $^{193m}$Tl · $^{194}$Tl · $^{194m}$Tl · $^{195}$Tl · $^{195m}$Tl · $^{196}$Tl · $^{196m}$Tl · $^{197}$Tl · $^{197m}$Tl · $^{198}$Tl · $^{198m1}$Tl · $^{198m2}$Tl · $^{198m3}$Tl · $^{199}$Tl · $^{199m}$Tl · $^{200}$Tl · $^{200m1}$Tl · $^{200m2}$Tl · $^{201}$Tl · $^{201m}$Tl · $^{202}$Tl · $^{202m}$Tl · $^{203}$Tl · $^{203m}$Tl · $^{204}$Tl · $^{204m1}$Tl · $^{204m2}$Tl · $^{204m3}$Tl · $^{205}$Tl · $^{205m1}$Tl · $^{205m2}$Tl · $^{206}$Tl · $^{206m}$Tl · $^{207}$Tl · $^{207m}$Tl · $^{208}$Tl · $^{209}$Tl · $^{210}$Tl · $^{211}$Tl · $^{212}$Tl · $^{213}$Tl · $^{214}$Tl · $^{215}$Tl · $^{216}$Tl · $^{217}$Tl · $^{218}$Tl