# Isotopen van niobium

Het chemisch element niobium (Nb), met een atoommassa van 92,90638(2) u, bezit 1 stabiele isotoop: $^{93}$Nb. De overige 31 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van niobium is $^{81}$Nb, met een halfwaardetijd van minder dan 44 nanoseconden. De langstlevende is $^{92}$Nb, met een halfwaardetijd van 34,7 miljoen jaar.

## Niobium-92

Niobium-92 is de meest stabiele radio-isotoop. Het is het langstlevende isotoop dat nog niet in de natuur is teruggevonden. Het is bijgevolg geen primordiaal nuclide. Niobium-92 kan op twee manieren vervallen:
* Rechtstreeks via β$^+$-verval tot de stabiele isotoop zirkonium-92
* Onrechtstreeks door β$^−$-verval tot de stabiele isotoop molybdeen-92, dat zelf ervan verdacht wordt via een dubbel bètaverval over te gaan tot zirkonium-92 (de halfwaardetijd bedraagt immers 190 triljoen jaar)

## Niobium-93

Hoewel niobium-93 wordt beschouwd als een stabiel nuclide, kan het theoretisch gezien spontane splijting ondergaan. Het is bovendien het lichtste nuclide die dit kan ondergaan.

## Overzicht

| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
| Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |||
| $^{81}$Nb | 41 | 40 | 80,94903(161) | < 44 ns | β$^+$, p | $^{80}$Y | 3/2$^−$ | |
| $^{81}$Nb | 41 | 40 | 80,94903(161) | < 44 ns | p | $^{80}$Zr | 3/2$^−$ | |
| $^{81}$Nb | 41 | 40 | 80,94903(161) | < 44 ns | β$^+$ | $^{81}$Zr | 3/2$^−$ | |
| $^{82}$Nb | 41 | 41 | 81,94313(32) | 51(5) ms | β$^+$ | $^{82}$Zr | 0$^+$ | |
| $^{83}$Nb | 41 | 42 | 82,93671(34) | 4,1(3) s | β$^+$ | $^{83}$Zr | (5/2$^+$) | |
| $^{84}$Nb | 41 | 43 | 83,93357(32) | 9,8(9) s | β$^+$ (> 99,9%) | $^{84}$Zr | 3$^+$ | |
| $^{84}$Nb | 41 | 43 | 83,93357(32) | 9,8(9) s | β$^+$, p (< 0,1%) | $^{83}$Y | 3$^+$ | |
| $^{84m}$Nb | 338(10) keV | 338(10) keV | 338(10) keV | 103(19) ns | | | (5$^−$) | |
| $^{85}$Nb | 41 | 44 | 84,92791(24) | 20,9(7) s | β$^+$ | $^{85}$Zr | (9/2$^+$) | |
| $^{85m}$Nb | 759,0(10) keV | 759,0(10) keV | 759,0(10) keV | 12(5) s | | | (1/2$^−$) | |
| $^{86}$Nb | 41 | 45 | 85,92504(9) | 88(1) s | β$^+$ | $^{86}$Zr | (6$^+$) | |
| $^{86m}$Nb | 250(160) keV | 250(160) keV | 250(160) keV | 56(8) s | β$^+$ | $^{86}$Zr | | |
| $^{87}$Nb | 41 | 46 | 86,92036(7) | 3,75(9) min | β$^+$ | $^{87}$Zr | (1/2$^−$) | |
| $^{87m}$Nb | 3,84(14) keV | 3,84(14) keV | 3,84(14) keV | 2,6(1) min | β$^+$ | $^{87}$Zr | (9/2$^+$) | |
| $^{88}$Nb | 41 | 47 | 87,91833(11) | 14,55(6) min | β$^+$ | $^{88}$Zr | (8$^+$) | |
| $^{88m}$Nb | 40(140) keV | 40(140) keV | 40(140) keV | 7,8(1) min | β$^+$ | $^{88}$Zr | (4$^−$) | |
| $^{89}$Nb | 41 | 48 | 88,913418(29) | 2,03(7) uur | β$^+$ | $^{89}$Zr | (9/2$^+$) | |
| $^{89m}$Nb | 0(30) keV | 0(30) keV | 0(30) keV | 1,10(3) uur | β$^+$ | $^{89}$Zr | 1/2$^−$ | |
| $^{90}$Nb | 41 | 49 | 89,911265(5) | 14,60(5) uur | β$^+$ | $^{90}$Zr | 8$^+$ | |
| $^{90m1}$Nb | 122,370(22) keV | 122,370(22) keV | 122,370(22) keV | 63(2) µs | | | 6$^+$ | |
| $^{90m2}$Nb | 124,67(25) keV | 124,67(25) keV | 124,67(25) keV | 18,81(6) s | IT | $^{90}$Nb | 4$^−$ | |
| $^{90m3}$Nb | 171,10(10) keV | 171,10(10) keV | 171,10(10) keV | < 1 µs | | | 7$^+$ | |
| $^{90m4}$Nb | 382,01(25) keV | 382,01(25) keV | 382,01(25) keV | 6,19(8) ms | | | 1$^+$ | |
| $^{90m5}$Nb | 1880,21(20) keV | 1880,21(20) keV | 1880,21(20) keV | 472(13) ns | | | (11$^−$) | |
| $^{91}$Nb | 41 | 50 | 90,906996(4) | 680(130) jaar | EV (99,98%) | $^{91}$Zr | 9/2$^+$ | |
| $^{91}$Nb | 41 | 50 | 90,906996(4) | 680(130) jaar | β$^+$ (0,013%) | $^{91}$Zr | 9/2$^+$ | |
| $^{91m1}$Nb | 104,60(5) keV | 104,60(5) keV | 104,60(5) keV | 60,86(22) dagen | IT (93%) | $^{91}$Nb | 1/2$^−$ | |
| $^{91m1}$Nb | 104,60(5) keV | 104,60(5) keV | 104,60(5) keV | 60,86(22) dagen | EV (7%) | $^{91}$Zr | 1/2$^−$ | |
| $^{91m1}$Nb | 104,60(5) keV | 104,60(5) keV | 104,60(5) keV | 60,86(22) dagen | β$^+$ (0,0028%) | $^{91}$Zr | 1/2$^−$ | |
| $^{91m2}$Nb | 2034,35(19) keV | 2034,35(19) keV | 2034,35(19) keV | 3,76(12) µs | | | (17/2$^−$) | |
| $^{92}$Nb | 41 | 51 | 91,907194(3) | 3,47(24) × 10$^7$ jaar | β$^+$ (99,95%) | $^{92}$Zr | 7$^+$ | |
| $^{92}$Nb | 41 | 51 | 91,907194(3) | 3,47(24) × 10$^7$ jaar | β$^−$ (0,05%) | $^{92}$Mo | 7$^+$ | |
| $^{92m1}$Nb | 135,5(4) keV | 135,5(4) keV | 135,5(4) keV | 10,15(2) dagen | β$^+$ | $^{92}$Zr | 2$^+$ | |
| $^{92m2}$Nb | 225,7(4) keV | 225,7(4) keV | 225,7(4) keV | 5,9(2) µs | | | 2$^−$ | |
| $^{92m3}$Nb | 2203,3(4) keV | 2203,3(4) keV | 2203,3(4) keV | 167(4) ns | | | (11$^−$) | |
| $^{93}$Nb | 41 | 52 | 92,9063781(26) | stabiel | stabiel | stabiel | 9/2$^+$ | 1,0000 |
| $^{93m}$Nb | 30,77(2) keV | 30,77(2) keV | 30,77(2) keV | 16,13(14) jaar | IT | $^{93}$Nb | 1/2$^−$ | |
| $^{94}$Nb | 41 | 53 | 93,9072839(26) | 2,03(16) × 10$^4$ jaar | β$^−$ | $^{94}$Mo | 6$^+$ | |
| $^{94m}$Nb | 40,902(12) keV | 40,902(12) keV | 40,902(12) keV | 6,263(4) min | IT (99,5%) | $^{94}$Nb | 3$^+$ | |
| $^{94m}$Nb | 40,902(12) keV | 40,902(12) keV | 40,902(12) keV | 6,263(4) min | β$^−$ (0,5%) | $^{94}$Mo | 3$^+$ | |
| $^{95}$Nb | 41 | 54 | 94,9068358(21) | 34,991(6) dagen | β$^−$ | $^{95}$Mo | 9/2$^+$ | |
| $^{95m}$Nb | 235,690(20) keV | 235,690(20) keV | 235,690(20) keV | 3,61(3) dagen | IT (94,4%) | $^{95}$Nb | 1/2$^−$ | |
| $^{95m}$Nb | 235,690(20) keV | 235,690(20) keV | 235,690(20) keV | 3,61(3) dagen | β$^−$ (5,6%) | $^{95}$Mo | 1/2$^−$ | |
| $^{96}$Nb | 41 | 55 | 95,908101(4) | 23,35(5) uur | β$^−$ | $^{96}$Mo | 6$^+$ | |
| $^{97}$Nb | 41 | 56 | 96,9080986(27) | 72,1(7) min | β$^−$ | $^{97}$Mo | 9/2$^+$ | |
| $^{97m}$Nb | 743,35(3) keV | 743,35(3) keV | 743,35(3) keV | 52,7(18) s | IT | $^{97}$Nb | 1/2$^−$ | |
| $^{98}$Nb | 41 | 57 | 97,910328(6) | 2,86(6) s | β$^−$ | $^{98}$Mo | 1$^+$ | |
| $^{98m}$Nb | 84(4) keV | 84(4) keV | 84(4) keV | 51,3(4) min | β$^−$ (99,9%) | $^{98}$Mo | (5$^+$) | |
| $^{98m}$Nb | 84(4) keV | 84(4) keV | 84(4) keV | 51,3(4) min | IT (0,1%) | $^{98}$Nb | (5$^+$) | |
| $^{99}$Nb | 41 | 58 | 98,911618(14) | 15,0(2) s | β$^−$ | $^{99}$Mo | 9/2$^+$ | |
| $^{99m}$Nb | 365,29(14) keV | 365,29(14) keV | 365,29(14) keV | 2,6(2) min | β$^−$ (96,2%) | $^{99}$Mo | 1/2$^−$ | |
| $^{99m}$Nb | 365,29(14) keV | 365,29(14) keV | 365,29(14) keV | 2,6(2) min | IT (3,8%) | $^{99}$Nb | 1/2$^−$ | |
| $^{100}$Nb | 41 | 59 | 99,914182(28) | 1,5(2) s | β$^−$ | $^{100}$Mo | 1$^+$ | |
| $^{100m}$Nb | 470(40) keV | 470(40) keV | 470(40) keV | 2,99(11) s | β$^−$ | $^{100}$Mo | (4$^+$, 5$^+$) | |
| $^{101}$Nb | 41 | 60 | 100,915252(20) | 7,1(3) s | β$^−$ | $^{101}$Mo | 5/2$^+$ | |
| $^{102}$Nb | 41 | 61 | 101,91804(4) | 1,3(2) s | β$^−$ | $^{102}$Mo | 1$^+$ | |
| $^{102m}$Nb | 130(50) keV | 130(50) keV | 130(50) keV | 4,3(4) s | β$^−$ | $^{102}$Mo | | |
| $^{103}$Nb | 41 | 62 | 102,91914(7) | 1,5(2) s | β$^−$ | $^{103}$Mo | (5/2$^+$) | |
| $^{104}$Nb | 41 | 63 | 103,92246(11) | 4,9(3) s | β$^−$ (99,94%) | $^{104}$Mo | (1$^+$) | |
| $^{104}$Nb | 41 | 63 | 103,92246(11) | 4,9(3) s | β$^−$, n (0,06%) | $^{103}$Mo | (1$^+$) | |
| $^{104m}$Nb | 220(120) keV | 220(120) keV | 220(120) keV | 940(40) ms | β$^−$ (99,95%) | $^{104}$Mo | | |
| $^{104m}$Nb | 220(120) keV | 220(120) keV | 220(120) keV | 940(40) ms | β$^−$, n (0,05%) | $^{103}$Mo | | |
| $^{105}$Nb | 41 | 64 | 104,92394(11) | 2,95(6) s | β$^−$ (98,3%) | $^{105}$Mo | (5/2$^+$) | |
| $^{105}$Nb | 41 | 64 | 104,92394(11) | 2,95(6) s | β$^−$, n (1,7%) | $^{104}$Mo | (5/2$^+$) | |
| $^{106}$Nb | 41 | 65 | 105,92797(21) | 920(40) ms | β$^−$ (95,5%) | $^{106}$Mo | 2$^+$ | |
| $^{106}$Nb | 41 | 65 | 105,92797(21) | 920(40) ms | β$^−$, n (4,5%) | $^{105}$Mo | 2$^+$ | |
| $^{107}$Nb | 41 | 66 | 106,93031(43) | 300(9) ms | β$^−$ (94%) | $^{107}$Mo | 5/2$^+$ | |
| $^{107}$Nb | 41 | 66 | 106,93031(43) | 300(9) ms | β$^−$, n (6%) | $^{106}$Mo | 5/2$^+$ | |
| $^{108}$Nb | 41 | 67 | 107,93484(32) | 0,193(17) s | β$^−$ (93,8%) | $^{108}$Mo | (2$^+$) | |
| $^{108}$Nb | 41 | 67 | 107,93484(32) | 0,193(17) s | β$^−$, n (6,2%) | $^{107}$Mo | (2$^+$) | |
| $^{109}$Nb | 41 | 68 | 108,93763(54) | 190(30) ms | β$^−$ (69%) | $^{109}$Mo | 5/2$^+$ | |
| $^{109}$Nb | 41 | 68 | 108,93763(54) | 190(30) ms | β$^−$, n (69%) | $^{108}$Mo | 5/2$^+$ | |
| $^{110}$Nb | 41 | 69 | 109,94244(54) | 170(20) ms | β$^−$ (60%) | $^{110}$Mo | 2$^+$ | |
| $^{110}$Nb | 41 | 69 | 109,94244(54) | 170(20) ms | β$^−$, n (40%) | $^{109}$Mo | 2$^+$ | |
| $^{111}$Nb | 41 | 70 | 110,94565(54) | 80 ms | | | 5/2$^+$ | |
| $^{112}$Nb | 41 | 71 | 111,95083(75) | 60 ms | | | 2$^+$ | |
| $^{113}$Nb | 41 | 72 | 112,95470(86) | 30 ms | | | 5/2$^+$ | |

## Overzicht van isotopen per element

* (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
* (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
* (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
* (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
* (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
* ↑ (en) WolframAlpha
$^{79}$Nb · $^{80}$Nb · $^{81}$Nb · $^{82}$Nb · $^{83}$Nb · $^{84}$Nb · $^{84m}$Nb · $^{85}$Nb · $^{85m}$Nb · $^{86}$Nb · $^{86m}$Nb · $^{87}$Nb · $^{87m}$Nb · $^{88}$Nb · $^{88m}$Nb · $^{89}$Nb · $^{89m}$Nb · $^{90}$Nb · $^{90m1}$Nb · $^{90m2}$Nb · $^{90m3}$Nb · $^{90m4}$Nb · $^{90m5}$Nb · $^{91}$Nb · $^{91m1}$Nb · $^{91m2}$Nb · $^{92}$Nb · $^{92m1}$Nb · $^{92m2}$Nb · $^{92m3}$Nb · $^{93}$Nb · $^{93m}$Nb · $^{94}$Nb · $^{94m}$Nb · $^{95}$Nb · $^{95m}$Nb · $^{96}$Nb · $^{97}$Nb · $^{97m}$Nb · $^{98}$Nb · $^{98m}$Nb · $^{99}$Nb · $^{99m}$Nb · $^{100}$Nb · $^{100m}$Nb · $^{101}$Nb · $^{102}$Nb · $^{102m}$Nb · $^{103}$Nb · $^{104}$Nb · $^{104m}$Nb · $^{105}$Nb · $^{106}$Nb · $^{107}$Nb · $^{108}$Nb · $^{109}$Nb · $^{110}$Nb · $^{111}$Nb · $^{112}$Nb · $^{113}$Nb · $^{114}$Nb · $^{115}$Nb