# Palaeanodonta

De Palaeanodonta zijn een orde van uitgestorven verwanten van de schubdierachtigen behorend tot de Pholidotamorpha. De dieren uit deze groep waren gravende insectivoren en leefden van het Midden-Paleoceen tot Vroeg-Oligoceen in Noord-Amerika, Europa en oostelijk Azië.

## Anatomie
### Schedel

Palaeanodonten hebben over het algemeen lage en caudaal brede schedels, met opmerkelijke lambdoïde kruinen en opgezette bullae en squamosalen.

### Gebit

Ondanks de naam van de groep en in tegenstelling tot hun schubdierachtige verwanten, is bekend dat palaeanodonten tanden hadden. Vroege palaeanodonten behielden minimale tribosfenische postcaninen, terwijl latere soorten pinachtige of anderszins verminderde molaire kronen hadden. Velen hadden ook grote, kenmerkende knobbels.

## Classificatie
### Traditionele classificatie

* Orde: Palaeanodonta (Matthew, 1918) (stam-pangolins)
** Familie: Epoicotheriidae (Simpson, 1927)
** Familie: Escavadodontidae (Rose & Lucas, 2000)
** Familie: Metacheiromyidae (Wortman, 1903)
** Incertae sedis:
*** Arcticanodon (Rose, 2004)
*** Melaniella (Fox, 1984)

### Herziene classificatie

* Orde: Palaeanodonta (Matthew, 1918) (stam-pangolins)
** Familie: Epoicotheriidae (Simpson, 1927)
*** Genus: †Alocodontulum (Rose, 1978)
**** Alocodontulum atopum (Rose, 1977)
*** Amelotabes (Rose, 1978)
**** Amelotabes simpsoni (Rose, 1978)
*** Auroratherium (Tong & Wang, 1997)
**** Auroratherium sinense (Tong & Wang, 1997)
*** Dipassalus (Rose, 1991)
**** Dipassalus oryctes (Rose, 1991)
*** Tubulodon (Jepsen, 1932)
**** Tubulodon taylori (Jepsen, 1932)
*** Onderfamilie: Epoicotheriinae (Simpson, 1927)
**** Pentapassalus (Gazin, 1952)
***** Pentapassalus pearcei (Gazin, 1952)
***** Pentapassalus woodi (Guthrie, 1967)
**** Tetrapassalus (Simpson, 1959)
***** Tetrapassalus mckennai (Simpson, 1959)
***** Tetrapassalus proius (West, 1973)
***** Tetrapassalus sp. A [AMNH 10215] (Rose, 1978)
***** Tetrapassalus sp. B (Robinson, 1963)
**** (niet gerangschikt): Epoicotherium/Xenocranium clade
***** Epoicotherium (Simpson, 1927)
****** Epoicotherium unicum (Douglass, 1905)
***** Molaetherium (Storch & Rummel, 1999)
****** Molaetherium heissigi (Storch & Rummel, 1999)
***** Xenocranium (Colbert, 1942)
****** Xenocranium pileorivale (Colbert, 1942)
** Familie: Ernanodontidae (Ting, 1979)
*** Asiabradypus (Nessov, 1987)
**** Asiabradypus incompositus (Nessov, 1987)
*** Ernanodon (Ting, 1979)
**** Ernanodon antelios (Ting, 1979)
** Familie: Escavadodontidae (Rose & Lucas, 2000)
*** Escavadodon (Rose & Lucas, 2000)
**** Escavadodon zygus (Rose & Lucas, 2000)
** Familie: Metacheiromyidae (Wortman, 1903)
*** Brachianodon (Gunnell & Gingerich, 1993)
**** Brachianodon westorum (Gunnell & Gingerich, 1993)
*** Mylanodon (Secord, 2002)
**** Mylanodon rosei (Secord, 2002)
*** Onderfamilie: Metacheiromyinae (Wortman, 1903)
**** Metacheiromys (Wortman, 1903)
***** Metacheiromys dasypus (Osborn, 1904)
***** Metacheiromys marshi (Wortman, 1903)
**** Palaeanodon (Matthew, 1918)
***** Palaeanodon ignavus (Matthew, 1918)
***** Palaeanodon nievelti (Gingerich, 1989)
***** Palaeanodon parvulus (Matthew, 1918)
***** Palaeanodon sp. [Le Quesnoy] (Gheerbrant, 2005)
*** Onderfamilie: Propalaeanodontinae (Schoch, 1984)
**** Propalaeanodon (Rose, 1979)
***** Palaeanodon parvulus (Rose, 1979)
** Incertae sedis:
*** Arcticanodon (Rose, 2004)
**** Arcticanodon dawsonae (Rose, 2004)
*** Melaniella (Fox, 1984)
**** †Melaniella timosa (Fox, 1984)
* The beginning of the age of mammals. KD Rose.
* The phylogeny of living and extinct pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and associated taxa: a morphology based analysis. TJ Gaudin et al. Journal of Mammalian Evolution (2009).
* K. D. Rose. 1978. A new Paleocene epoicotheriid (Mammalia), with comments on the Palaeanodonta. Journal of Paleontology 52(3):658-674
* R. Secord, P. D. Gingerich, and J. I. Bloch. 2002. Mylanodon rosei, a new metacheiromyid (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from the late Tiffanian (late Paleocene) of northwestern Wyoming. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30(15):385-399
* E. Gheerbrant, K. D. Rose, and M. Godinot. 2005. First palaeanodont (?pholidotan) mammal from the Eocene of Europe. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50(2):209-218
* Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319