# Statuto di Westminster del 1275

Lo Statuto di Westminster del 1265 (13 Edward I, St. 1; conosciuto anche come Statuto di Westminster I, era uno statuto del Regno d'Inghilterra emabata dal Edoardo I ed è esso stesso un codice che raccoglie le leggi inglesi allora esistenti in 51 Capitoli.
Il Capitolo 5, conosciuto come il Freedom of Election Act 1275, è ancora in vigore nel Regno Unito. William Stubbs dice di esso:
Anche se è materia di disputa su quando è stato introdotto tra peine forte et dure (Law French - antico francese giuridico per "punizione dura e forte"), il capitolo 3 afferma che quei criminali che rimangono zitti devono essere messi in prison forte et dure (Law French).

## Storia

Era uno dei due Statuti inglesi in gran parte redatti da Robert Burnell e approvati durante il regno di Edoardo I d'Inghilterra. Re Edoardo era tornato dalla nona Crociata il 2 agosto 1274 e fu incoronato re d'Inghilterra il 19 agosto. Il suo primo Parlamento d'Inghilterra è stato convocato per la solenne quindicina della Presentazione di Gesù al Tempio il 16 febbraio 1275 ma fu prorogue fino al giorno successivo la Pasqua, lunedì 22 aprile 1275 e si è riunito al Palazzo di Westminster; il suo principale lavoro era prendere in esame lo Statuto di Westminster I. Questo è stato redatto, non in latino, ma in lingua normanna, e fu approvato "par le assentement des erceveskes, eveskes, abbes, priurs, contes, barons, et la communaute de la tere ileokes somons" (con l'accordo degli arcivescovi, vescovi, abati, priori, conti, baroni, e la comunità della terra e degli assenti non rappresentati).

## Capitoli

Lo Statuto di Westminster I è composto da 51 capitoli:
| Capitolo | Titolo abbreviato | Titolo | Note |
| 1 | Peace of the Church and the Realm Act 1275 | The Peace of the Church and the Realm shall be maintained. Religious Houses shall not be overcharged. La pace religiosa e nel Regno deve essere mantenuta. Le Case religiose non potranno fare pagare un prezzo troppo alto. | Ancora in vigore in Nuova Zelanda. |
| 2 | Benefit of Clergy Act 1275 | A Clerk convict of Felony, delivered to the Ordinary, shall not depart without Purgation. | |
| 3 | Escapes Act 1275 | No Penalty for an Escape before it be adjudged. | |
| 4 | Wreck Act 1275 | What shall be adjudged Wreck of the Sea, and what not. | |
| 5 | Freedom of Election Act 1275 | There shall be no Disturbance of the Free Elections. Non vi dovrà essere alcun disturbo durante le libere elezioni. | Ancora in vigore in Inghilterra e Galles. |
| 6 | Amercements Act 1275 | Amerciaments shall be reasonable, and according to the Offence. | |
| 7 | Purveyance Act 1275 | In what manner, and of whom, Purveyance shall be made for a Castle. | |
| 8 | Beaupleader Act 1275 | Nothing shall be taken for beaupleader. | |
| 9 | Pursuit of Felons Act 1275 | All Men shall be ready to pursue Felons. | |
| 10 | Coroners Act 1275 | What sort of Men shall be Coroners. Sheriffs shall have Counter-Rolls with them. | |
| 11 | Inquests of Murder Act 1275 | Replevin by the Writ of Odio & Atia. Who shall be triers of Murther. | |
| 12 | Standing Mute Act 1275 | The Punishment of Felons refusing lawful Trial. | |
| 13 | Rape Act 1275 | The Punishment of him that doth ravish a Woman. | |
| 14 | Principal and Accessory Act 1275 | Appeal against the Principle and Accessary. | |
| 15 | Prisoners and Bail Act 1275 | Which Prisoners be mainpernable, and which not. The Penalty for unlawful Bailment. | |
| 16 | Distress Act 1275 (c.16) | None shall distrain out of his Fee, not drive the Distress out of the County. | |
| 17 | Distress Act 1275 (c.17) | The Remedy if the Distress be impounded in a Castle or Fortress. | |
| 18 | Fines on the County Act 1275 | Who shall assess the common Fines of the County. | |
| 19 | Crown Debts Act 1275 | A Sheriff having received the King's Debt, shall discharge the Debtor. | |
| 20 | Trespassers in Parks and Ponds Act 1275 | Offenses committed in Parks and Ponds. Robbing of tame Beasts in a Park. | |
| 21 | Lands in Ward Act 1275 | No Waste shall be made in Wards Lands; nor in Bishops, during the Vacation. | |
| 22 | Wardship Act 1275 | The Penalty of an Heir marrying without Consent of his Guardian. A Woman Ward. | |
| 23 | Distress for Debt Against Strangers Act 1275 | None shall be distrained for a Debt that he oweth not. | |
| 24 | Unlawful Disseisin by Escheators, etc. Act 1275 | The Remedy if an Officer of the King do disseise any. | |
| 25 | Champerty Act 1275 | None shall commit Champerty, to have Part of the Thing in Question. | |
| 26 | Extortion by Officers of the Crown Act 1275 | None of the King's Officers shall commit Extortion. | |
| 27 | Extortion Act 1275 (c.27) | Clerks of Officers shall not commit Extortion. | |
| 28 | Maintenance Act 1275 | Clerks shall not commit Maintenance. | |
| 29 | Fraud Act 1275 | The Penalty of a Serjeant or Pleader committing Deceit. | |
| 30 | Extortion Act 1275 (c.30) | Extortion by Justices Officers. | |
| 31 | Tolls in Markets and Murage Act 1275 | The Penalty for taking excessive Toll in a City, &c. Murage granted to Cities. | |
| 32 | Purveyance, Crown Debts Act 1275 | The Penalty of Purveyors not paying for what they take. The King's Carriages. | |
| 33 | Barretors Act 1275 | No Maintainers of Quarrels shall be suffered. | |
| 34 | Slanderous Reports Act 1275 | None shall report slanderous News, whereby Discord may arise. | |
| 35 | Excess of Jurisdiction in Franchises Act 1275 | The Penalty for arresting within a Liberty those that hold not thereof. | |
| 36 | Aids for Knighthood, etc. Act 1275 | Aid to make the Son Knight, or to marry the Daughter. | |
| 37 | Disseisin with Robbery, etc. Act 1275 | The Penalty of a Man attainted of Disseisin with Robbery in the King's Time. | |
| 38 | Attaints in Real Actions Act 1275 | An Attaint shall be granted in Plea of Land touching Freehold. | |
| 39 | Limitation of Prescription Act 1275 | Several Limitations of Prescription in several Writs. | |
| 40 | Voucher to Warranty Act 1275 | Voucher to Warranty, and Counter-pleading of Voucher. | |
| 41 | Writ of Right Act 1275 | The Champion's Oath in a Writ of Right. | |
| 42 | Essoins Act 1275 (c.42) | Certain Actions wherein after Appearance the Tenant shall not be Essoined. | |
| 43 | Essoins Act 1275 (c.43) | The shall be no Fourcher by Essoin. | |
| 44 | Essoins Act 1275 (c.44) | In what Case Essoin ultra mare shall not be allowed. | |
| 45 | Process Act 1275 | In what Cases the great Distress shall be awarded. Where the Justices Estreats shall be delivered. | |
| 46 | Order of Hearing Pleas Act 1275 | One Plea shall be decided by the Justices before another commenced. | |
| 47 | Real Actions Act 1275 | In what Case the Nonage of the Heir of the Disseisor or Disseisee shall not prejudice. | |
| 48 | Land in Ward Act 1275 | The Remedy where a Guardian maketh a Feoffment of his Ward's Land. Suit by Prochein Amy. | |
| 49 | Plea in Dower Act 1275 | The Tenants Plea in a Writ of Dower. | |
| 50 | Saving for the Crown Act 1275 | | (Riduzione dei costi per la Corona) Ancora in vigore in Inghilterra e Galles. |
| 51 | Times of Taking Certain Assizes Act 1275 | Assises and Darrain Presentments at what Time taken. | |