# apple
## Anglais
### Étymologie

    Du moyen anglais appel (« pomme, toute sorte de fruit poussant sur un arbre »), du vieil anglais æppel (« pomme, fruit en général »), du proto-germanique *apla- (« pomme »), de l’indo-européen commun *h₂eb-ōl.
    Jusqu'au XVIIe siècle apple peut désigner n’importe quel fruit autre de des baie. On retrouve par exemple appel of paradis (« banane ») en moyen anglais.
    Le mot à pour cognat l’allemand Apfel, le danois æble, le frison apel, le gallois afal, le lituanien obuolys, le néerlandais appel, le russe яблоко, le scots aipple et le suédois äpple.

### Nom commun

apple \ˈæp.əl\
* Pomme, fruit du pommier (Malus domestica).
** All apples eaten ſoone after yͭ they be gathered, are cold, hard to digeſt, and do make ill and corrupted bloud, but being wel kept vntill yͤ next winter, or the year folowing, eatẽ [eaten] after meales, they are right holeſome, & doe confyrme the ſtomacke, & make good digeſtion, ſpecially if they be roſted or baked, […] — (Thomas Elyot, The castel of helth, f° 21, Thomas Berthelet, Londres, 1539)
** I have so often heard Mr. Woodhouse recommend a baked apple. I believe it is the only way that Mr. Woodhouse thinks the fruit thoroughly wholesome. We have apple dumplings, however, very often. Patty makes an excellent apple-dumpling. — (Jane Austen, Emma, pages 184-185, 1815)
** Close by and under cover, I watched the juicing process. Apples were washed, then tipped, stalks and all, into the crusher and reduced to pulp. — (John Vallins, « Apples of Concord » dans The Guardian, 28 octobre 2013)
* Tout autre fruit qui ressemble à une pomme.
** The apples wherewith the Indian Canibales inueneme theyr arrowes, growe on certeyne trees couered with many braunches and leaues beinge very greene and growyng thicke. They are laden with abundaunce of theſe euyll frutes, […] — (Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, Decades of the New World, f° 198, 1555)
** In Perſia there grovvs a deadly tree, vvhoſe apples are poiſon, and preſent death: therefore there it is uſed for a puniſhment: but being brought over to the Kings into Egypt, they become vvholeſome apples to eat, and loſe their harmfulneſſe, as Columella vvrites. — (Giambattista della Porta, Natural Magick […], traduit par John Wright, page 21, 1658)
** One kind of apple or gall, inhabited only by one grub, is hard and woody on the outside, resembling a little wooden ball, of a yellowish color, but internally it is of a soft, spongy texture. — (Charles Williams, « The Aged Tree », dans The Vegetable World, 1833)
* (Par analogie) Qui ressemble à une pomme.
** Pomme d’Adam, abréviation de Adam’s apple.
*** The sweat of fear and exertion was streaming down his face and chest, and his breath came in short, tearing, hard-drawn gasps and gulps, while the apple in his throat leaped up and down ceaselessly like a ball balanced on a dancing jet of water. — (Hugh Clifford, « In Arcadia », dans Studies in Brown Humanity: Being Scrawls and Smudges in Sepia, White, and Yellow, page 99, 1898)
*** If the Hound had not been moving, the knife might have cored the apple of his throat; instead it only grazed his ribs, and wound up quivering in the wall near the door. He laughed then, a laugh as cold and hollow as if it had come from the bottom of a deep well. — (George R. R. Martin, A Storm of Swords, 2000)
** (Archaïsme) Iris, abréviation de apple of the eye.
*** None have their eies all of one colour: for the ball or apple in the middeſt is ordinarily of another colour than the vvhite about it. — (Pline l'Ancien, Natural History, traduit par Philemon Holland, page 334, 1601)
*** The dart did vndergore / His eye-lid, by his eyes deare rootes; and out the apple fell, / The eye pierc'd through: […] — (Homère, Iliade, traduit par George Chapman, page 197-198, [1611?])
* Pommier (Malus domestica), ou un autre arbre du genre Malus.
** Trees that beare Maſt, and Nuts, are commonly more laſting, than thoſe that beare Fruits; Eſpecially the Moiſter Fruits: As Oakes, Beeches, Cheſ-nuts, VVall-nuts, Almonds, Pine-Trees, &c. laſt longer than Apples, Peares, Plums, &c. — (Fracis Bacon, Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries., 1627, page 146)
** If the grafted portion of an Apple or other tree were examined after one hundred years, the old cut surfaces would still be present, for mature or ripened wood, being dead, never unites. — (John Weathers, Commercial gardening, page 38, 1913)
** Some fruit trees, like plums, do well in damp soil conditions. Other fruit trees, like apples, need well-drained soil. — (Terri Reid, « Starting an Orchard » dans The Everything Guide to Living Off the Grid: A Back-to-basics Manual for Independent Living, page 77, 2012)
* (Injurieux) (Péjoratif) Un amérindien ou personne à la peau rouge qui agit ou pense comme une personne blanche (caucasienne).
** My ancestors five generations removed were "apples" who were "White" on the inside and "Red" on the outside. […] We need a new breed of "apples." — (Joel Spring, « From Thomas Jefferson to Henry Ford: The End of the Choctaw Republic » dans The Cultural Transformation of A Native American Family and Its Tribe 1763–1995: A Basket of Apples, 1996)
** The presenter, close to tears, told the audience that she's really an apple—white on the inside and red on the outside—Native American. — (Opal J. Moore, « From the Back of the Bus to the Back of the National Priority List […] » dans Honey, Hush! An Anthology of African American Women’s Humor, page 537)

#### Synonymes
##### Pommier

* apple tree
* malus

#### Dérivés

* Adam’s apple
* apple blossom
* apple butter
* apple cider
* apple core
* apple crumble
* apple-cheeked
* apple dumpling
* apple green
* apple-knocker
* apple orchard
* apple pie
* apple-polish
* apple sauce
* apple scab
* apple tart
* apple tree
* apple turnover
* applewood
* bad apple
* Big Apple
* candy apple
* custard apple
* love apple
* rose apple
* star apple

#### Vocabulaire apparenté par le sens

* Le thésaurus pomme en anglais
* apple figure dans le recueil de vocabulaire en anglais ayant pour thème : fruit.

##### Amérindien qui agit ou pense commme une personne blanche (5)

* banana
* coconut
* Oreo
* Twinkie

#### Proverbes et phrases toutes faites

* a bad tree does not yield good apples
* an apple a day keeps the doctor away
* apple of one’s eye

#### Hyperonymes
##### Fruit du pommier

* fruit
* hand fruit
* pome

#### Hyponymes

* cherry apple (Malus baccata)
* cooking apple
* crab apple
* Chinese crab apple (Malus baccata)
* dessert apple
* eating apple
* Manchurian crab apple (Malus baccata)
* prairie crab apple (Malus ioensis)
* Siberian crab apple (Malus baccata)
* southern crab apple (Malus angustifolia)
* wild apple
* wine apple

#### Dérivés dans d’autres langues

* Abénaquis de l’Ouest : aples
* Arikara : ápos
* Assamais : আপেল
* Bengali : আপেল
* Divehi : އާފަލު
* Apalik : apo
* Fidjien : yapolo
* Hindi des Fidji : aapul
* Finnois : äpyli
* Malais : epal
* Malayalam : ആപ്പിൾ
* Maori : āporo
* Marshallais : abōļ
* Cingalais : ඇපල්
* Sotho du Sud : apole
* Sylheti : ꠀꠄꠚꠟ
* Tamoul : ஆப்பிள்
* Télougou : ఆపిల్
* Thaï : แอปเปิล
* Tokelauien : apu
* Tok pisin : apel
* Yurok : 'erplers

### Verbe

apple \ˈæp.əl\
** (Intransitif) Devenir comme une pomme.
*** He glanced at me, his cheeks appled in the impish grin I was learning to recognise as the clever under-side of his broad and gentle smile. — (Gregory David Roberts, Shantaram, chapitre 1, 2003)
** (Transitif) Donner à quelque chose l’apparence d’une pomme.
*** To choose responsibly, our active citizen must know what is being offered, much of this knowledge being filtered through appearance: things must look what they are supposed to be. Apples must look like applies. One might say they have to be appled-up; varieties are selected for marketing which have the most apple-like qualities. — (Marilyn Strathern, « Enterprising Kinship: Consumer Choice and the New Reproductive Technologies », dans Reproducing the Future: Essays on Anthropology, Kinship and the New Reproductive Technologies, Manchester University Press, 1992, partie I, page 38)
*** A large smile appled his full cheeks as the four sprytes eagerly served themselves from the seeds and thinly sliced fruits. — (Claudia D. Newcorn, Crossover (Chronicles of Feyree), Theogony Books, page 35, 2007)
** (Intransitif) (Désuet sauf au Royaume-Uni) Se dit d’un bourgeon ou d’un légume (en particulier d’un légume racine) qui prend la forme d’une pomme.
*** As for Scolymus, it differeth from the reſt of theſe Thiſtles herein, That the root, if it be ſodden, it is good to be eaten: beſides, it hath a ſtraunge nature, for all the ſort of them during the Summer throughout, never reſt and give over, but either they floure, or they apple, or els be readie to bring foorth fruit: […] — (Pline l'Ancien, Natural History, traduit par Philemon Holland, page 98, 1601)
*** The cabbage turnep is of tvvo kinds; one apples above ground, and the other in it. — (Charles Marshall, « Section XV. Of Esculents. », dans An Introduction to the Knowledge and Practice of Gardening, page 251, 1798)
* (Intransitif) Ramasser des pommes de pin.
** […] the poor people supply themselves with very good fuel by gathering the fir-apples, and rotten wood ; you will sometimes see twenty children in my plantations appleing as they call it. — (Arthur Young, General view of the agriculture of the county of Lincoln, 1799)

### Prononciation

* \ˈæp.əl\ Royaume-Uni (Londres) : écouter « apple » États-Unis (Californie) : écouter « apple » Suisse (Genève) : écouter « apple [Prononciation ?] »

### Anagrammes

* pepla
* appel

### Références
#### Sources
#### Bibliographie
## Moyen anglais
### Forme de nom commun

apple
* Variante de appel