# 1984

1984 (titre original : Nineteen Eighty-Four) est un roman de George Orwell, écrit entre 1945 (début du projet d'écriture) et 1949 (année de parution) .

## Première partie
### Chapitre 1

* (en) Big Brother is watching you.
* Le dernier mot est parfois traduit par "surveille". Big Brother veut dire Grand Frère en anglais, c'est dans le roman le nom d'un personnage fictif étant la figure emblématique du « Parti » (unique).
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie I, chap. 1, p. 12 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* Citation choisie pour le 5 janvier 2007.
* Citation choisie pour le 13 décembre 2008.
* (en) WAR IS PEACE FREEDOM IS SLAVERY IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie I, chap. 1, p. 15 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* Citation choisie pour le 1 juillet 2008.

### Chapitre 2

Les conséquences d'un acte sont incluses dans l'acte lui même. Il écrivit :  Le crime de penser n'entraîne pas la mort. Le crime de penser est la mort.
* (en) Thoughtcrime does not entail death: thoughtcrime IS death.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie I, chap. 2, p. 42 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)

### Chapitre 3

« Qui contrôle le passé contrôle l’avenir », clame un slogan du Parti, « et qui contrôle le présent contrôle le passé. »
* (en) ‘Who controls the past,’ ran the Party slogan, ‘controls the future: who controls the present controls the past.’
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Josée Kamoun), éd. Gallimard, 2018 (ISBN 978-2-07-273003-0), partie I, chap. 3, p. 49 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)

### Chapitre 4

* (en) At the age of three Comrade Ogilvy had refused all toys except a drum, a sub-machine gun, and a model helicopter.
* Mil neuf cent quatre-vingt-quatre (1949), George Orwell (trad. Philippe Jaworski), éd. Gallimard, coll. « folio classique », 2022 (ISBN 978-2-0729-2412-5), partie Première partie, chap. IV, p. 88

### Chapitre 5

* (en) Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed, will be expressed by exactly one word, with its meaning rigidly defined and all its subsidiary meanings rubbed out and forgotten.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie I, chap. 5, p. 74 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)

### Chapitre 6

* Mil neuf cent quatre-vingt-quatre (1949), George Orwell (trad. Philippe Jaworski), éd. Gallimard, coll. « folio classique », 2022 (ISBN 978-2-0729-2412-5), partie Première partie, chap. VI, p. 110

### Chapitre 7

* (en) Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie I, chap. 7, p. 112 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* Citation choisie pour le 6 novembre 2016.

### Chapitre 8

* Mil neuf cent quatre-vingt-quatre (1949), George Orwell (trad. Philippe Jaworski), éd. Gallimard, coll. « folio classique », 2022 (ISBN 978-2-0729-2412-5), partie Première partie, chap. VIII, p. 131

## Deuxième partie
### Chapitre 1

* (en) In the long run, a hierarchical society was only possible on a basis of poverty and ignorance.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 270 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* Citation choisie pour le 30 octobre 2009.
* (en) The essential act of war is destruction, not necessarily of human lives, but of the products of human labour […] materials which might otherwise be used to make the masses too comfortable, and hence, in the long run, too intelligent.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 271 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* (en) A general state of scarcity increases the importance of small privileges and thus magnifies the distinction between one group and another.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 271 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* (en) War, it will be seen, accomplishes the necessary destruction, but accomplishes it in a psychologically acceptable way. In principle it would be quite simple to waste the surplus labour of the world by [...] digging holes and filling them up again, [...]. But this would provide only the economic and not the emotional basis for a hierarchical society.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 272 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* (en) The masses never revolt of their own accord, and they never revolt merely because they are oppressed. Indeed, so long as they are not permitted to have standards of comparison, they never even become aware that they are oppressed.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 275 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* (en) Big Brother is infallible and all-powerful. Every success, every achievement, every victory, every scientific discovery, all knowledge, all wisdom, all happiness, all virtue, are held to issue directly from his leadership and inspiration.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 276 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* (en) Everywhere there is the same pyramidal structure, the same worship of semi-divine leader, the same economy existing by and for continuous warfare.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 279 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* (en) The ruling groups of all three powers are simultaneously aware and unaware of what they are doing. Their lives are dedicated to world conquest, but they also know that it is necessary that the war should continue everlastingly and without victory.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 280 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* (en) Cut off from contact with the outer world, and with the past, the citizen of Oceania is like a man in interstellar space, who has no way of knowing which direction is up and which is down. The rulers of such a state are absolute, as the Pharaohs or the Caesars could not be.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 282 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* (en) The very word 'war', therefore, has become misleading. It would probably be accurate to say that by becoming continuous war has ceased to exist. […] A peace that was truly permanent would be the same as a permanent war. This […] is the inner meaning of the Party slogan: War is Peace.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 282 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* (en) There have been three kinds of people in the world, the High, the Middle, and the Low. […] The aims of these three groups are entirely irreconcilable. The aim of the High is to remain where they are. The aim of the Middle is to change places with the High. The aim of the Low, when they have an aim […] is to abolish all distinctions and create a society in which all men shall be equal.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 286 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* (en) DOUBLETHINK means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one’s mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. The Party intellectual knows in which direction his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality; but by the exercise of DOUBLETHINK he also satisfi es himself that reality is not violated. The process has to be conscious, or it would not be carried out with suffi cient precision, but it also has to be unconscious, or it would bring with it a feeling of falsity and hence of guilt.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie II, chap. 1, p. 284 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)

### Chapitre 8

* (en) She had had her first love-affair when she was sixteen, with a Party member of sixty who later committed suicide to avoid arrest. ‘And a good job too,’ said Julia, ‘otherwise they’d have had my name out of him when he confessed.’
* Mil neuf cent quatre-vingt-quatre (1949), George Orwell (trad. Philippe Jaworski), éd. Gallimard, coll. « folio classique », 2022 (ISBN 978-2-0729-2412-5), partie Deuxième partie, chap. II, p. 193

## Troisième partie
### Chapitre 1

* (en) It was more natural to exist from moment to moment, accepting another ten minutes’ life even with the certainty that there was torture at the end of it.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie III, chap. 1, p. 306 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)

### Chapitre 2

* (en) The command of the old despotisms was “Thou shalt not”. The command of the totalitarians was “Thou shalt”. Our command is “THOU ART”.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie III, chap. 2, p. 339 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)
* Citation choisie pour le 19 avril 2010.

### Chapitre 3

* (en) We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means, it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power.
* 1984 (1949), George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, coll. « Folio », 1989 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie Troisième partie, chap. 3, p. 371-372
* (en) Progress in our world will be progress towards more pain. The old civilizations claimed that they were founded on love or justice. Ours is founded upon hatred. In our world there will be no emotions except fear, rage, triumph, and self-abasement. Everything else we shall destroy — everything.
* 1984, George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, 1972 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie III, chap. 3, p. 353 (voir la fiche de référence de l'œuvre)

## Appendice
### Les principes du novlangue

* (en) It was intended that when Newspeak had been adopted once and for all and Oldspeak forgotten, a heretical thought — that is, a thought diverging from the principles of Ingsoc — should be literally unthinkable, at least so far as thought is dependent on words.
* 1984 (1949), George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, coll. « Folio », 1989 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie Appendice, p. 422
* (en) Newspeak was designed not to extend but to DIMINISH the range of thought, and this purpose was indirectly assisted by cutting the choice of words down to a minimum.
* 1984 (1949), George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, coll. « Folio », 1989 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie Appendice, p. 423
* (en) When Oldspeak had been once and for all superseded, the last link with the past would have been severed. History had already been rewritten, but fragments of the literature of the past survived here and there, imperfectly censored, and so long as one retained one’s knowledge of Oldspeak it was possible to read them. In the future such fragments, even if they chanced to survive, would be unintelligible and untranslatable.
* 1984 (1949), George Orwell (trad. Amélie Audiberti), éd. Gallimard, coll. « Folio », 1989 (ISBN 2-07-036822-X), partie Appendice, p. 437
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