# Valentina Terechkova

Valentina Vladimirovna Terechkova (en russe : Валентина Владимировна Терешкова, /vɐlʲɪnʲˈtʲinə vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvnə tʲɪrʲɪʂˈkovə/, née le 6 mars 1937 à Maslennikovo, raion de Toutaïev dans l'oblast de Iaroslavl) est la première femme à effectuer un vol dans l'espace. Seule à bord de son vaisseau spatial Vostok 6 qui décolle le 16 juin 1963 du cosmodrome de Baïkonour, elle passa près de trois jours en orbite basse dans le cadre d'un vol conjoint avec Valeri Bykovski lancé de son côté à bord du vaisseau Vostok 5 deux jours auparavant. Par la suite, elle devient ingénieure en aéronautique, puis major-général de l'armée de l'air, avant de mener une carrière politique en tant que communiste.

## Citations

* Premiers mots de Valentina Terechkova en orbite, peu après le lancement de la mission Vostok 6, le 16 juin 1963.
* « Valentina Terechkova, première femme dans l'espace », Valentina Terechkova (propos cités par Alisonne Sinard), France Culture, 27 décembre 2017 (lire en ligne)
* « First woman in space dreams of flying to Mars », Valentina Terechkova (propos recueillis par l'agence de presse Reuters), Reuters, 6 mars 2007 (lire en ligne)
* (en) I think it’s tremendously important to meet people, to establish a connection and tell people about space. It can increase trust, and that is something that is so badly needed, today.
* « The first woman in space: 'People shouldn’t waste money on wars' », Valentina Terechkova (propos recueillis par Mary Dejevsky) (trad. Wikiquote), The Guardian, 29 mars 2017 (lire en ligne)
* (en) Americans, Asians, everyone who has seen it says the same thing, how unbelievably beautiful the Earth is and how very important it is to look after it. Our planet suffers from human activity, from fires, from war; we have to preserve it. (...) When you are up there, you are homesick for Earth as your cradle. When you get back, you just want to get down and hug it.
* « The first woman in space: 'People shouldn’t waste money on wars' », Valentina Terechkova (propos recueillis par Mary Dejevsky) (trad. Wikiquote), The Guardian, 29 mars 2017 (lire en ligne)
* (en) People shouldn’t waste money on wars, but come together to discuss how to defend the world from threats like asteroids coming from outer space.
* « The first woman in space: 'People shouldn’t waste money on wars' », Valentina Terechkova (propos recueillis par Mary Dejevsky) (trad. Wikiquote), The Guardian, 29 mars 2017 (lire en ligne)
* (en) On Earth, men and women are taking the same risks. Why shouldn't we be taking the same risks in space? (...) We had been preparing for another female flight but it was (the head of the space programme) Sergei Korolev's decision not to risk women's lives because one of the women in the space corps already had a family. (...) We were against that decision. We wrote to the central party committee disagreeing with the decision.
* Au sujet de l'arrêt par l'URSS des programmes spatiaux incluant des femmes après le premier vol de Valentina Terechkova. Après elle, il fallut attendre 19 ans pour qu'une deuxième femme, Svetlana Savitskaya, prenne part à un vol spatial pour rejoindre la station spatiale soviétique Salyut 7.
* « Valentina Tereshkova: USSR was 'worried' about women in space », Pallab Ghosh (trad. Wikiquote), BBC News, 17 septembre 2015 (lire en ligne)

## Citations rapportées

* (en) Ms Tereshkova became the first woman to go into space on 16 June 1963. She completed 48 orbits of the Earth in a trip that lasted almost three days. Her call signal was "Seagull", and she shouted this joyful message as her Vostok-6 Spacecraft blasted off: "Hey sky, take off your hat, I'm on my way!"
* « Valentina Tereshkova: USSR was 'worried' about women in space », Pallab Ghosh (trad. Wikiquote), BBC News, 17 septembre 2015 (lire en ligne)
* (en) Many of the women on the squad described Valentina Tereshkova as a good friend. “She always advocated for our interests in front of the bosses. For example, in the beginning of the program we lived as if we were behind the barbed wire. We lived near Moscow but only Muscovites were allowed to leave the training camp to see their families,” Zhanna Yorkina recalled. “Me and Tereshkova got bored and asked for permission to go to Moscow. ‘What for? What do you want to buy?’ they said. Once, Valentina Tereshkova lost control and blurted out the following: ‘Knickers! That’s what we want to buy!’ This is how we got permission.”
* « The First Group of Female Cosmonauts Were Trained to Conquer the Final Frontier », Uliana Malashenko (trad. Wikiquote), Smithsonian Mag, 12 avril 2019 (lire en ligne)

## Citations au sujet de Valentina Terechkova

* Paroles du président Krouchtchev adressées à Valentina Terechkova en orbite, peu après le lancement de la mission Vostok 6 en 1963. "Mouette" était le nom de code de l'astronaute pour cette mission.
* « Valentina Terechkova, première femme dans l'espace », Valentina Terechkova (propos cités par Alisonne Sinard), France Culture, 27 décembre 2017 (lire en ligne)
* (en) Tereshkova logged more than 70 hours in space and made 48 orbits of Earth. Soviet and European TV viewers saw her smiling face and her logbook floating in front of her. They did not realize that the flight almost turned into tragedy, a fact that was classified for about 40 years. An error in the spacecraft's automatic navigation software caused the ship to move away from Earth, according to the RT news channel. Tereshkova noticed this and Soviet scientists quickly developed a new landing algorithm. Tereshkova landed safely but received a bruise on her face. She landed in the Altay region near today's Kazakhstan-Mongolia-China border. Villagers helped Tereshkova out of her spacesuit and asked her to join them for dinner. She accepted, and was later reprimanded for violating the rules and not undergoing medical tests first.
* « Valentina Tereshkova: First Woman in Space », Tim Sharp (trad. Wikiquotz), Space.com, 22 janvier 2018 (lire en ligne)

## Liens externes

Vous pouvez également consulter les articles suivants sur les autres projets Wikimédia :
Ressources multimédia sur Commons.
Article sur Wikipédia.
* Valentina Terechkova, première femme dans l'espace, article sur France Culture le 27 décembre 2017, contenant l'archive sonore des premières paroles de Valentina Terechkova dans l'espace.