# Langues sara-bongo-baguirmiennes

Les langues sara-bongo-baguirmiennes ou bongo-baguirmi sont un groupe de langues soudaniques centrales. Les langues sont parlées sur le sud-ouest du Soudan du Sud, le sud du Tchad, le nord de la République Centrafricaine et le nord de la République Démocratique du Congo.

## Classification

Classification selon Boyeldieu (2006):

### Langues sara-bongo-baguirmi

* bongo
* modo, 'beli, baka
* yulu
* occidental
** fer, gula koto
** gula zura, 'bu'bu, gula mere, gula sara
** nduga, luto ?
** Langues sara
*** péripheriques : ndoka, wad, bagiro, na, tiye, kulfa, simé, 'demé
*** centrales : sar, mbay, ngambay, 'bedjond, kaba P.
*** autres : bulala, beraku, kenga, 'barma

## Proto-langue

Le proto-sara-bongo-baguirmi peut être reconstitué. Les tableaux suivants présentent son lexique selon Boyeldieu (2006) :

### Plantes

| nom scientifique | proto-sara-bongo-baguirmi |
| Stylochiton sp. | *bada |
| Ficus ingens | *ɓAlɛ; *ɓARlɛ |
| Dichrostachys cinerea | *baɭi; *bEɭE |
| Loudetia annua | *bamu; *bVmV |
| Daniellia oliveri | *ɓAtɛ; *ɓita; *ɓuta; *ɓito; *ɓVtV |
| Amaranthus cruentus | *budu |
| Andropogon gayanus | *butu |
| Nymphaea sp. | *ɓVlV |
| Manihot glaziovii | *bVngV |
| Cissus populnea | *Caɭa |
| Lagenaria siceraria | *Ciɓa; *Cuɓa |
| Cissus integrifolia | *Cuƒu; *COƒO; *Nuƒu; *NOƒO |
| Terminalia sp. | *CV; *ɭV |
| Sida rhombifolia | *ɗAɗɛ |
| Acacia albida | *didi; *diɗi |
| Combretum glutinosum | *diro; *dVrV |
| Leptadenia hastata | *ɗisa; *ɗusa |
| Aeschynomene nilotica | *dulɛ |
| Strychnos sp. | *duɲu; *diɲi; *duyu; *diyi |
| Sterculia setigera | *ɖaka |
| Loudetia simplex | *ɖakɔ |
| Hyparrhenia bagirmica | *gama |
| Hibiscus sp. | *gbakɔ |
| Grewia venusta | *Gimbo; *GVmbV |
| Urena lobata | *gumbu |
| Isoberlinia doka | *kabɔ; *kaba |
| Cordia africana | *kAjɛ |
| Hymenocardia acida | *kArɛ |
| Calotropis procera | *kaRpɔ; *kARpɛ |
| Ficus glumosa | *kɔlɔ; *kilɔ |
| Afzelia africana | *kila; *Gila |
| Gardenia sp. (?) | *Kiri; *Giri |
| Ximenia americana | *kiti; *kVtV; *titi; *tVtV |
| Ficus platyphylla | *KOɓO; *KVɓV |
| Ceiba pentandra | *kuɭa |
| Parinari curatellifolia | *kuma |
| Jatropha sp. | *kuma |
| Diospyros mespiliformis | *kuRmɛ; *kARmɛ; *kuRma |
| Ficus sycomorus | *kutɛ; *kVtV |
| Detarium microcarpum | *kuʈu; *nguʈu; *guʈu |
| Lophira lanceolata | *kVyV |
| Combretum collinum | *ɭEmbE; *ɭumbɛ |
| Tephrosia bracteolata | *ɭVɲV |
| Gardenia erubescens | *maca; *masa; *maKa |
| Parkia africana | *matɔ; *mbaRtɔ |
| Annona senegalensis | *mbArɛ; *mburɛ; *mbARwɛ; *mbuRwɛ |
| Grewia sp. (?) | *mɔkɔ |
| Nymphaea sp. | *mEɗE |
| Amblygonocarpus andongensis | *miɭi; *miɭo; *mOɭO; *miri; *miro; *mOrO |
| Vitex sp. | *mOyI; *mVyV; *mOɲI; *mVɲV |
| Pseudocedrela kotschyi | *muru |
| Mitragyna inermis | *nɖAɲɛ; *nɖVɲV |
| Imperata cylindrica | *nɖoku; *nɖeki |
| Ziziphus sp. | *ngAɖɛ; *ngAɗɛ |
| Acacia sp. | *ngara; *ngaɭa |
| Balanites aegyptiaca | *ngura |
| Hexalobus monopetalus | *NVCV |
| Acacia sieberiana | *paɭa |
| Raphionacme sp. | *pOyO; *pVyV |
| Celtis integrifolia | *Sala; *SVlV |
| Rottboellia exaltata | *Saya |
| Anogeissus leiocarpus | *Siɖɔ; *Siɖa |
| Kigelia aethiopium | *Soku |
| Cissus quadrangularis | *taɗa |
| Cucurbitaceae sp. | *taya |
| Pennisetum pedicellatum | *tEmbE |
| Striga sp. | *tiɭo; *tuɭɛ; *kiɭo; *kuɭɛ |
| Jardinea sp. | *tuwa |
| Tapinanthus sp. | *tVmV |
| Burkea africana | *wVɭV |
| Anogeissus leiocarpus | - |
| Ficus thonningii | - |
| Piliostigma thonningii | - |
| Pseudocedrela kotschyi | - |
| Securinega virosa | - |
| Crateva adansonii | - |
| Asparagus sp. | - |
| Dactyloctenium aegyptium | - |
| Sclerocarya birrea | - |
| Ficus polita | - |
| Ficus sp. | - |
| Balanites aegyptiaca | - |
| Sesbania pachycarpa | - |
| Cochlospermum tinctorium | - |
| Xanthosoma mafaffa | - |
| Luffa sp. | - |

### Poissons

| nom scientifique | proto-sara-bongo-baguirmi |
| Ctenopoma spp. | *ɓakɔ; *ɓaku; *ɓVkV |
| Distichodus sp. | *bata |
| Alestes macrolepidotus | *boru; *beri; *ɓoru; *ɓeri |
| Siluridae sp. (?) | *buli; *bOlI; *bolu |
| Siluridae sp. | *bVngV |
| Mormyridae spp. | *CAɓɛ; *CAbɛ |
| Distichodus spp. | *Ceri |
| Alestes spp. | *dalu |
| Citharinus spp. | *dOrO |
| Bagrus bajad bajad | *duɓa |
| Synodontis spp., Auchenoglanis spp. et alii | *gaRga |
| Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Clarias spp. | *gɔrɔ |
| Bagridae sp. | *GElE |
| Labeo spp., Barbus spp. | *guɗu; *gOɗO; *Suɗu; *SOɗO; *Sudu; *SOdO; *ɓudu; *ɓOdO |
| Characidae sp., Citharinidae sp. (?) | *janga; *Canga |
| Tetraodon fahaka strigosus | *k+ɖ + kiɭo |
| Lates niloticus | *kaRɓɔ |
| Malapterurus electricus | *Kiɓi; *tiɓi; *Kibi |
| Protopterus annectens | *Kuri; *Kuru; *KuRyi; *KuRyu |
| Mormyridae sp. | *mARlɛ |
| Ophicephalus obscurus | *mOgO; *migo |
| Clarias spp., Heterobranchus bidorsalis | *nduli; *ndolu; *ndVlV |
| Heterotis niloticus | *ngɔɭɔ |
| Tilapia spp. | *ngura |
| Alestes nurse | *ŋmaŋma; *ŋmɔŋmɔ; *ŋmaɲa; *ŋmɔɲɔ |
| Mormyridae spp. | *pAtɛ |
| Tilapia spp., Hemichromis spp. | *pORpO; *paRpa; *SORpO; *SaRpa |
| Citharinus citharus | *puru |
| Polypterus spp. | *SAɭɛ; *ngAɭɛ |
| Schilbe spp., Eutropius niloticus niloticus | *SErE; *SArɛ; *CErE; *CArɛ |
| Siluridae spp. | *Sili; *SVlV; *sili; *sVlV |
| Hepsetus odoe, Hydrocyon spp. | *Siya; *Suya |
| Characidae sp., Citharinidae sp. (?) | *sOɭO; *siɭo; *sVɭV; *SOɭO; *Siɭo; *SVɭV; *ɓOɭO; *ɓiɭo; *ɓVɭV |
| Polypterus spp. | *Suɭa; *Siɭa |
| Gymnarchus niloticus | *tumu; *temi; *ɲumu; *ɲemi |
| Heterobranchus spp. | - |
| Lates niloticus | - |
| Bagridae spp., Clariidae spp. | - |
| Citharinus spp. | - |
| Malapterurus electricus | - |