# Arthur Conan Doyle

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (1859ko maiatzaren 22a - 1930eko uztailaren 7a) Edinburghen jaiotako idazle eskoziar ezaguna, Sherlock Holmes fikziozko detektibe ospetsuaren sortzailea izan zen. Idazle emankorra izan zen: detektibe istorioez gain, zientzia-fikzioa, eleberri historikoa, antzertia eta olertia ere landu zituen.
Medikuntza-karrera ikasita bere kontsulta irekitzea erabaki zuen, baina paziente gutxi biltzen ziren eta, beraz, denbora librea istorio laburrak idazteko erabiltzen hasi zen. Horrela jaio zen Sherlock Holmes ospea emango zion pertsonaia ospetsua. Haren arrakasta azkarrak medikuntzaren praktika uztera eraman zuen, literaturan bakarrik aritzeko. Conan Doylek bibliografia zabala du, Holmes Estudio en escarlata, El signo de los cuatro, Las aventuras de Sherlock Holmes, Las memorias de Sherlock Holmes, El regreso de Sherlock Holmes, El perro de los Baskerville, El valle del miedo,

## Bizitza

Doyle Edinburghen 1859ko maiatzaren 22an jaio zen. Aita, Charles Altmont Doyle, estatuko funtzionarioa zen, baita margolaria ere noizean behin; amak, berriz, etxean lan egiten zuen baina literatura asko gustatzen zitzaion, eta horregatik oso eragina handia izan zuen Doylerengan.
Edinburgh-eko Unibertsitatean ikasi zuen Medikuntza. Bertan zegoela, Joseph Bell irakaslea ezagutu zuen. Irakasle horrek joko analitikoak praktikatzen zituen bere ikasle eta pazienteen artean. Lehenengoz gaixoaren gaixotasuna esaten zuen igarpen hurbilduarekin eta ondoren, bere jatorria, familia, gustuak eta manerak: hark ere berebiziko eragina izan zuen Doylerengan eta, Sherlock Holmesen sorkuntzari bidea eman zion.
Doylek 1885ean doktoratu zen eta, urte berean, Louise Hawkinsekin ezkondu, baina emaztea tuberkulosiak jota hil zen, 1906ko uztailaren 4an.
Bere kontsultak ez zion ematen ondo bizitzeko adina diru, eta noizean behin eleberri txikiak idazten zituen. 1886an, izugarrizko eskaria izan zuen, Word & Lock etxeak 25 libera eskaini zizkion “A Study in Scarlet” izenburuko liburu bat idazten bazuen. Nahiz eta eskaintza dohakabea izan, Doylek onartu egin zuen eta horrela hasi zen Sherlock Holmes sorrera.
Jakin beharra dago ez Sherlock Holmesek ezta Dr. John H. Watsonek ere ez zutela hasiera batean horrelako izenik: ikerlaria Sherrinford zen, eta laguntzailea, berriz, Ormond Sacker, baina azken unean aldatu egin zituen. Gainera, ez ziren 221B Baker Street helbidean bizi, baizik eta 221B Upper Baker Street-en.
Liburuen kontalaria Watson doktorea da, baina askoren ustez, Doyle bera da, hau da, Watsonen alter egoa da; Sherlock, berriz, Joseph Bellen-ena da.
Sherlock Holmesen fama ez zen bat-batean gauzatu, bi urte pasa behar ziren hartarako. Hortik aurrerako abenturak “Strand Magazine”an argitaratu zituen.
1893an, Sherlock Holmes hiltzea erabaki zuen, “hedadura handiko lanak” egiteko asmoz. Erabaki horrek ondorio latzak sortarazi zituen: bere amak hitz egiteari uko egin zion, irakasleak bere etxea eta “Strand Magazine”ko bulegoak setiatu zituzten, mehatxatuak jaso zituen, eta munduan zehar Sherlock Holmesen aldeko erakundeak sortu egin ziren. Arthur ahaztu egin zitzaion: “heroi bat hiltzen baduzu, mito bati bizia ematen buruzko”. Horrexegatik bere sorkaria berpiztea erabaki zuen eta berari buruzko istorioak idazten segitu zuen. 1907an, Jean Leckierekin ezkondu zen.
Haren azken urteak gizon nekatu eta mindu batenak izan ziren: ideia enpiristei jarraitu zien eta haren munduan sinesten hasi zen eta horregatik “The Coming of the Fairies” liburua idatzi zuen. 1930eko uztailaren 7an, bihotzeko batez hil zen Sussex-eko bere etxean, emazte Jeani «guztien artean abenturarik handien eta loriatsuenerantz noa» esanez.

## Sherlock Holmes pertsonaiari buruzko liburuak

* A Study in Scarlet (1887) (Zirriborro eskarlata edo Estudio eskarlata)
* The Sign of Four (1890)
* The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892) (Sherlock Holmesen abenturak)
* The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1894) (Sherlock Holmesen memoriak)
* The Field Bazaar (istorio laburra) (1896)
* The Adventure of the Tall Man (istorio labur amaitu gabea, agian 1900ekoa).
* The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902)
* The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1905)
* The Valley of Fear (1915)
* His Last Bow (1917)
* How Watson Learned the Trick (istorio laburra) (1924)
* The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (1927)

## Professor Challenger pertsonaiari buruzko istorioak

* The Lost World (1912)
* The Poison Belt (1913)
* The Land of Mist (1926)
* When the World Screamed (istorio laburra, 1928)
* The Disintegration Machine (istorio laburra, 1929)

## Eleberri historikoa

* Micah Clarke (1888)
* The White Company (1891)
* The Great Shadow (1892)
* The Refugees (publ. 1893, 1892an idatzia)
* Rodney Stone (1896)
* Uncle Bernac (1897)
* Sir Nigel (1906)

## Beste eleberri batzuk

* The Mystery of Cloomber (1889)
* The Firm of Girdlestone (1890)
* The Parasite (1894)
* The Stark Munro Letters (1895)
* The Doings of Raffles Haw (1891)
* Beyond the City (1892)
* The Tragedy of the Korosko (1898)
* A Duet, with an Occasional Chorus (1899)
* The Maracot Deep (1929)

## Opereta

* Jane Annie, or the Good Conduct Prize (1893), J. M. Barrie eta Ernest Fordekin

## Olertia

* Songs of Action (1898)
* Songs of the Road (1911)
* The Guards Came Through, and Other Poems (1919)

## Istorio laburrak

* "The Mystery of Sasassa Valley" (1879)
* "The American's Tale" (1880)
* "A Night Among the Nihilists" (1881)
* "That Little Square Box" (1881)
* "The Gully of Bluemansdyke" (1881)
* "Bones, The April Fool of Harvey's Sluice" (1882)
* "My Friend the Murderer" (1882)
* "Our Derby Sweepstakes" (1882)
* "That Veteran" (1882)
* "An Actor's Duel and the Winning Shot" (1883)
* "An Exciting Christmas Eve or, My Lecture on Dynamite" (1883)
* "Gentlemanly Joe" (1883)
* "Selecting a Ghost" (1883)
* "The Captain of the Pole-Star" (1883)
* "The Silver Hatchet" (1883)
* "The Winning Shot" (1883)
* "J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement" (1884)
* "John Barrington Cowles" (1884)
* "The Cabman's Story: the Mysteries of a London 'Growler'" (1884)
* "The Heiress of Glenmahowley" (1884)
* "The Tragedians" (1884)
* "The Fate of the Evangeline" (1885)
* "The Great Keinplatz Experiment" (1885)
* "The Lonely Hampshire Cottage" (1885)
* "The Man from Archangel" (1885)
* "The Parson of Jackman's Gulch" (1885)
* "Cyprian Overbeck Wells : A Literary Mosaic" (1886)
* "Touch and Go: A Midshipman's Story" (1886)
* "The Stone of Boxman's Drift" (1887)
* "Uncle Jeremy's Household" (1887)
* "John Huxford's Hiatus" (1888)
* "A Pastoral Horror" (1890)
* "A Physiologist's Wife" (1890)
* "The Ring of Thoth" (1890)
* "The Surgeon of Gaster Fell" (1890)
* "A False Start" (1891)
* "A Sordid Affair" (1891)
* "A Straggler of '15" (1891)
* "Our Midnight Visitor" (1891)
* "The Voice of Science" (1891)
* "The Colonel's Choice" (1891)
* "A Question of Diplomacy" (1892)
* "A Regimental Scandal" (1892)
* "De Profundis" (1892)
* "Jelland's Voyage" (1892)
* "Lot No. 249" (1892)
* "Out of the Running" (1892)
* "The Great Brown-Pericord Motor" (1892)
* "The Los Amigos Fiasco" (1892)
* "The Case of Lady Sannox" (1893)
* "The Green Flag" (1893)
* "The Slapping Sal" (1893)
* "A Foreign Office Romance" (1894)
* "A Medical Document" (1894)
* "Behind the Times" (1894)
* "His First Operation" (1894)
* "Sweethearts" (1894)
* "The Curse of Eve" (1894)
* "The Doctors of Hoyland" (1894)
* "The Lord of Chateau Noir" (1894)
* "The Surgeon Talks" (1894)
* "The Third Generation" (1894)
* "The Recollections of Captain Wilkie" (1895)
* "The Three Correspondents" (1896)
* "The Fiend of the Cooperage" (1897)
* "The Striped Chest" (1897)
* "A Shadow Before" (1898)
* "The Club-Footed Grocer" (1898)
* "The Confession" (1898)
* "The Beetle-Hunter" (1898)
* "The Black Doctor" (1898)
* "The Brazilian Cat" (1898)
* "The King of the Foxes" (1898)
* "The Lost Special" (1898)
* "The Man with the Watches" (1898)
* "The New Catacomb" (1898)
* "The Retirement of Signor Lambert" (1898)
* "The Sealed Room" (1898)
* "A True Story of the Tragedy of Flowery Land" (1899)
* "B.24" (1899)
* "The Croxley Master" (1899)
* "The Brown Hand" (1899)
* "The Japanned Box" (1899)
* "The Jew's Breastplate" (1899)
* "The Usher of Lea House School" (1899)
* "An Impression of the Regency" (1900)
* "Playing with Fire" (1900)
* "The Debut of Bimbashi Joyce" (1900)
* "The Leather Funnel" (1902)
* "The Pot of Caviare" (1908)
* "The Silver Mirror" (1908)
* "The Home-Coming" (1909)
* "The Lord of Falconbridge" (1909)
* "The Coming of the Huns" (1910)
* "The First Cargo" (1910)
* "The Last Galley" (1910)
* "The Last of the Legions" (1910)
* "The Terror of Blue John Gap" (1910)
* "Through the Veil" (1910)
* "An Iconoclast" (1911)
* "Giant Maximin" (1911)
* "One Crowded Hour (A Pirate Of The Land)" (1911)
* "The Contest" (1911)
* "The Red Star" (1911)
* "The Fall of Lord Barrymore" (1912)
* "Borrowed Scenes" (1913)
* "How It Happened" (1913)
* "The Horror of the Heights" (1913)
* "Danger!" (1914)
* "The Prisoner's Defence" (1916)
* "A Point of View" (1918)
* "Speculations" (1918)
* "Three of Them" (1918)
* "The Nightmare Room" (1921)
* "The Centurion" (1922)
* "The Lift" (1922)
* "Spedegue's Dropper" (1929)
* "The Death Voyage" (1929)
* "The End of Devil Hawker" (1930)
* "The Last Resource" (1930)
* "The Parish Magazine" (1930)

## Captain Sharkey pertsonaiari buruzkoak

* "How the Governor of Saint Kitt's Came Home" (1897)
* "The Dealings of Captain Sharkey with Stephen Craddock" (1897)
* "How Copley Banks Slew Captain Sharkey" (1897)
* "The Blighting of Sharkey" (1911)

## Istorio laburren bildumak

* The Captain of the Polestar, and other tales (1890)
* My Friend the Murderer and Other Mysteries and Adventures (1893)
* Round the Red Lamp (1894)
* The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard (1896)
* The Green Flag and Other Stories of War and Sport (1900)
* The Adventures of Gerard (1903)
* Round the Fire Stories (1908)
* The Last Galley (1911)
* Danger! and Other Stories (1918)
* The Great Keinplatz Experiment and Other Tales of Twilight and the Unseen (1919)
* Tales of Terror & Mystery (1923)
* The Black Doctor and Other Tales of Terror and Mystery (1925)
* The Dealings of Captain Sharkey (1925)
* The Man from Archangel and Other Tales of Adventure (1925)

## Ez-fikziozkoak

* The Great Boer War (1900)
* The War in South Africa - Its Cause and Conduct (1902)
* Through the Magic Door (1907), haren liburutegiko liburuen memoria
* The Crime of the Congo (1909)
* The Case of Oscar Slater (1912)
* The British Campaign in France and Flanders (1916-20)
* The New Revelation (1918)
* The Vital Message (1919)
* The Wanderings of a Spiritualist (1921)
* The Coming of the Fairies (1921)
* Memories and Adventures (1924)
* The Case for Spirit Photography (1925)
* The History of Spiritualism (1926)
* The Edge of the Unknown (1930)
* Dangerous Work: Diary of an Arctic Adventure (2012), Artikoan Hope balenontzian zirujau gisan ibili zela idatzit zuen egunkari argitaratu gabea

## Erreferentziak

* ↑ www.funtsak.com, Funtsak-Diseño y Programación Web-. «Sir Arthur Conan Doyle-(r)en liburuak. Biografia eta bibliografia» www.txalaparta.eus (Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-08-26).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Bibliographic information from: The Checklist of Fantastic Literature. Shasta Publishers, 102 or..
* ↑ The great Keinplatz experiment, and other tales of twilight and the unseen, [WorldCat.org].

## Bibliografia

* Martin Booth (2000). The Doctor and the Detective: A Biography of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Minotaur Books. {{ISBN|0-312-24251-4}}
* John Dickson Carr (2003 edition, originally published in 1949). The Life of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Carroll and Graf Publishers.
* Michael Dirda (2014). On Conan Doyle: or, The Whole Art of Storytelling. Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0691164120}}
* Arthur Conan Doyle, Joseph McCabe (1920). Debate on Spiritualism: Between Arthur Conan Doyle and Joseph McCabe. The Appeal's Pocket Series.
* Bernard M. L. Ernst, Hereward Carrington (1932). Houdini and Conan Doyle: The Story of a Strange Friendship. Albert and Charles Boni, Inc.
* Margalit Fox (2018). Conan Doyle for the Defense. Random House.
* Kelvin Jones (1989). Conan Doyle and the Spirits: The Spiritualist Career of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Aquarian Press.
* Jon Lellenberg, Daniel Stashower, Charles Foley (2007). Arthur Conan Doyle: A Life in Letters. HarperPress. {{ISBN|978-0-00-724759-2}}
* Andrew Lycett (2008). The Man Who Created Sherlock Holmes: The Life and Times of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Free Press. {{ISBN|0-7432-7523-3}}
* Russell Miller (2008). The Adventures of Arthur Conan Doyle: A Biography. Thomas Dunne Books.
* Pierre Nordon (1967). Conan Doyle: A Biography. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
* Ronald Pearsall (1977). Conan Doyle: A Biographical Solution. Littlehampton Book Services Ltd.
* Massimo Polidoro (2001). Final Séance: The Strange Friendship Between Houdini and Conan Doyle. Prometheus Books. {{ISBN|978-1-57392-896-0}}
* Daniel Stashower (2000). Teller of Tales: The Life of Arthur Conan Doyle. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-8050-5074-4

## Ikus, gainera

* Ingelesezko literatura.

## Kanpo estekak

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