# Bostongo maratoia

Bostongo maratoia (ingelesez: Boston Marathon) 42,195 kilometroko maratoi bat da, urtero 1897tik Bostonen ospatzen dena. World Marathon Majorseko kide da, munduko sei maratoirik garrantzitsuenak biltzen dituena. Jarraian jokatu izan den munduko maratoi lasterketa zaharrena da eta Ipar Amerikan jokatzen den korrika-lasterketa zaharrena ere bai.

## Historia
### Bilakaera

Atenasen 1896ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak izan zirenean maratoi probak lortu zuen ikusleengan arrakasta handiena. Hurrengo urteko apirilean Bostonen froga errepikatzea erabaki zuten. Lehenengo ekitalde hartan 15 korrikalarik hartu zuten parte, denak gizonak, eta irabazlea John J. McDermott izan zen 2:55:10 denborarekin. 39'4 km kilometrotako distantzia izan zuen. 1924 urtean hasiera puntua mugitu egin zuten dagoeneko estandarra bihurtu den 42'195 km distantzia lortuz. 1945 artean garaile guztiak estatubatuarrak edo kanadarrak izan ziren, salbuespenak Peter Trivoulides greziarra (1920) eta Paul de Bruyn alemaniarra (1932) izan ziren. Afrikarren lehen garaipenak gizonezkoetan 1988an eta emakumezkoetan 2000an izan ziren eta ordutik aurrera Kenya eta Etiopiarrak izan dira nagusi.

### Emakumezkoak eta gurpildun aulkiak

Emakumezkoak 1966urtean hasi ziren parte hartzen baina antolatzailea zen Boston Athletic Association elkarteak ez zuen begi onez ikusten eta 1972an izan zuten aurreneko ekitaldi ofiziala emakumezkoek. 1975ean gurpildun aulkien maila eratu zen mundu mailan aurrenekoz, eta 1977an bitan banatu zen sexuaren araberako txapelketak ezarriz.

### Rosie Ruizen eskandalua

1980an erabat ezezaguna zen Rosie Ruiz kubatarrak irabazi zuen lasterketa. Antolatzaileek ordea lasterketaren ibilbidean zehar zeuden kameratan ez zuten Rosie aurkitzen eta lasterketa bukatu baino 1'6 km lehenago multzoan sartu zela aurkitu zuten. Deskalifikatua izan zen eta Jacqueline Gareau kanadarrak jaso zuen garaikurra.

### 2013 urteko atentatuak

2013ko apirilaren 15ean bi leherketa izan ziren Bostongo maratoiaren helmugako inguruetan, korrikalariak helmugara nola heltzen ari ziren ikusten zuen jendea erasan zutenak. 3 pertsona hil eta 100etik gora zauritu ziren, horietatik batzuk anputazio larriekin.

### COVID-19

COVID-19 pandemiaren erruz 2020ko ekitaldia bertan behera gelditu zen eta 2021ekoa ere apirilean jokatu beharrean atzeratzea erabaki da.

## Palmaresa
### Korrikalariak

| Urtea | Gizonezko irabazlea | Denbora | Emakumezko irabazlea | Denbora |
| 1897 | John J. McDermott | 2:55:10 | | |
| 1898 | Ronald J. MacDonald | 2:42:00 | | |
| 1899 | Lawrence Brignolia | 2:54:38 | | |
| 1900 | John "Jack" Caffery | 2:39:44 | | |
| 1901 | John "Jack" Caffery | 2:29:23 | | |
| 1902 | Sammy Mellor | 2:43:12 | | |
| 1903 | John Lorden | 2:41:29 | | |
| 1904 | Michael Spring | 2:38:04 | | |
| 1905 | Frederick Lorz | 2:38:25 | | |
| 1906 | Tim Ford | 2:45:45 | | |
| 1907 | Thomas Longboat | 2:24:24 | | |
| 1908 | Thomas Morrissey | 2:25:43 | | |
| 1909 | Henri Renaud | 2:53:36 | | |
| 1910 | Fred Cameron | 2:28:52 | | |
| 1911 | Clarence DeMar | 2:21:39 | | |
| 1912 | Michael J. Ryan | 2:21:18 | | |
| 1913 | Fritz Carlson | 2:25:14 | | |
| 1914 | James Duffy | 2:25:14 | | |
| 1915 | Édouard Fabre | 2:31:41 | | |
| 1916 | Arthur Roth | 2:27:16 | | |
| 1917 | Bill Kennedy | 2:28:37 | | |
| 1918 | Camp Devens¹ | 2:29:53 | | |
| 1919 | Carl Linder | 2:29:13 | | |
| 1920 | Peter Trivoulides | 2:29:31 | | |
| 1921 | Frank Zuna | 2:18:57 | | |
| 1922 | Clarence DeMar | 2:18:10 | | |
| 1923 | Clarence DeMar | 2:23:47 | | |
| 1924 | Clarence DeMar | 2:29:40 | | |
| 1925 | Charles Mellor | 2:33:00 | | |
| 1926 | Johnny Miles | 2:25:40 | | |
| 1927 | Clarence DeMar | 2:40:22 | | |
| 1928 | Clarence DeMar | 2:37:07 | | |
| 1929 | Johnny Miles | 2:33:08 | | |
| 1930 | Clarence DeMar | 2:34:48 | | |
| 1931 | James Henigan | 2:46:45 | | |
| 1932 | Paul de Bruyn | 2:33:36 | | |
| 1933 | Leslie S. Pawson | 2:31:01 | | |
| 1934 | Dave Komonen | 2:32:53 | | |
| 1935 | John A. Kelley | 2:32:07 | | |
| 1936 | Ellison Brown | 2:33:40 | | |
| 1937 | Walter Young | 2:33:20 | | |
| 1938 | Leslie S. Pawson | 2:35:34 | | |
| 1939 | Ellison Brown | 2:28:51 | | |
| 1940 | Gérard Côté | 2:28:28 | | |
| 1941 | Leslie S. Pawson | 2:30:38 | | |
| 1942 | Joe Smith | 2:26:51 | | |
| 1943 | Gérard Côté | 2:28:25 | | |
| 1944 | Gérard Côté | 2:31:50 | | |
| 1945 | John A. Kelley | 2:30:40 | | |
| 1946 | Stylianos Kyriakides | 2:29:27 | | |
| 1947 | Suh Yun-bok | 2:25:39 | | |
| 1948 | Gérard Côté | 2:31:02 | | |
| 1949 | Gösta Leandersson | 2:31:50 | | |
| 1950 | Ham Kee-Yong | 2:32:39 | | |
| 1951 | Shigeki Tanaka | 2:27:45 | | |
| 1952 | Doroteo Flores | 2:31:53 | | |
| 1953 | Keizo Yamada | 2:18:51 | | |
| 1954 | Veikko Karvonen | 2:20:39 | | |
| 1955 | Hideo Hamamura | 2:18:22 | | |
| 1956 | Antti Viskari | 2:14:14 | | |
| 1957 | John J. Kelley | 2:20:05 | | |
| 1958 | Franjo Mihalić | 2:25:54 | | |
| 1959 | Eino Oksanen | 2:22:42 | | |
| 1960 | Paavo Kotila | 2:20:54 | | |
| 1961 | Eino Oksanen | 2:23:39 | | |
| 1962 | Eino Oksanen | 2:23:48 | | |
| 1963 | Aurèle Vandendriessche | 2:18:58 | | |
| 1964 | Aurèle Vandendriessche | 2:19:59 | | |
| 1965 | Morio Shigematsu | 2:16:33 | | |
| 1966 | Kenji Kimihara | 2:17:11 | Bobbi Gibb² | 3:21:40 |
| 1967 | Dave McKenzie | 2:15:45 | Bobbi Gibb² | 3:27:17 |
| 1968 | Amby Burfoot | 2:22:17 | Bobbi Gibb² | 3:30:00 |
| 1969 | Yoshiaki Unetani | 2:13:49 | Sara Mae Berman² | 3:22:46 |
| 1970 | Ron Hill | 2:10:30 | Sara Mae Berman² | 3:05:07 |
| 1971 | Álvaro Mejía | 2:18:45 | Sara Mae Berman² | 3:08:30 |
| 1972 | Olavi Suomalainen | 2:15:39 | Nina Kuscsik | 3:10:26 |
| 1973 | Jon Anderson | 2:16:03 | Jacqueline Hansen | 3:05:59 |
| 1974 | Neil Cusack | 2:13:39 | Miki Gorman | 2:47:11 |
| 1975 | Bill Rodgers | 2:09:55 | Liane Winter | 2:42:24 |
| 1976 | Jack Fultz | 2:20:19 | Kim Merritt | 2:47:10 |
| 1977 | Jerome Drayton | 2:14:46 | Miki Gorman | 2:48:33 |
| 1978 | Bill Rodgers | 2:10:13 | Gayle Barron | 2:44:52 |
| 1979 | Bill Rodgers | 2:09:27 | Joan Benoit | 2:35:15 |
| 1980 | Bill Rodgers | 2:12:11 | Jacqueline Gareau | 2:34:28 |
| 1981 | Toshihiko Seko | 2:09:26 | Allison Roe | 2:26:46 |
| 1982 | Alberto Salazar | 2:08:52 | Charlotte Teske | 2:29:33 |
| 1983 | Greg Meyer | 2:09:00 | Joan Benoit | 2:22:43 |
| 1984 | Geoff Smith | 2:10:34 | Lorraine Moller | 2:29:28 |
| 1985 | Geoff Smith | 2:14:05 | Lisa Larsen Weidenbach | 2:34:06 |
| 1986 | Robert de Castella | 2:07:51 | Ingrid Kristiansen | 2:24:55 |
| 1987 | Toshihiko Seko | 2:11:50 | Rosa Mota | 2:25:21 |
| 1988 | Ibrahim Hussein | 2:08:43 | Rosa Mota | 2:24:30 |
| 1989 | Abebe Mekonnen | 2:09:06 | Ingrid Kristiansen | 2:24:33 |
| 1990 | Gelindo Bordin | 2:08:19 | Rosa Mota | 2:25:24 |
| 1991 | Ibrahim Hussein | 2:11:06 | Wanda Panfil | 2:24:18 |
| 1992 | Ibrahim Hussein | 2:08:14 | Olga Markova | 2:23:43 |
| 1993 | Cosmas Ndeti | 2:09:33 | Olga Markova | 2:25:27 |
| 1994 | Cosmas Ndeti | 2:07:15 | Uta Pippig | 2:21:45 |
| 1995 | Cosmas Ndeti | 2:09:22 | Uta Pippig | 2:25:11 |
| 1996 | Moses Tanui | 2:09:15 | Uta Pippig | 2:27:12 |
| 1997 | Lameck Aguta | 2:10:34 | Fatuma Roba | 2:26:23 |
| 1998 | Moses Tanui | 2:07:34 | Fatuma Roba | 2:23:21 |
| 1999 | Joseph Chebet | 2:09:52 | Fatuma Roba | 2:23:25 |
| 2000 | Elijah Lagat | 2:09:47 | Catherine Ndereba | 2:26:11 |
| 2001 | Lee Bong-Ju | 2:09:43 | Catherine Ndereba | 2:23:53 |
| 2002 | Rodgers Rop | 2:09:02 | Margaret Okayo | 2:20:43 |
| 2003 | Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot | 2:10:11 | Svetlana Zakharova | 2:25:19 |
| 2004 | Timothy Cherigat | 2:10:37 | Catherine Ndereba | 2:24:27 |
| 2005 | Hailu Negussie | 2:11:44 | Catherine Ndereba | 2:25:12 |
| 2006 | Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot | 2:07:14 | Rita Jeptoo | 2:23:38 |
| 2007 | Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot | 2:14:13 | Lidiya Grigoryeva | 2:29:18 |
| 2008 | Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot | 2:07:45 | Dire Tune | 2:25:25 |
| 2009 | Deriba Merga | 2:08:42 | Salina Kosgei | 2:32:16 |
| 2010 | Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot | 2:05:52 | Teyba Erkesso | 2:26:11 |
| 2011 | Geoffrey Mutai | 2:03:02 | Caroline Kilel | 2:22:36 |
| 2012 | Wesley Korir | 2:12:40 | Sharon Cherop | 2:31:50 |
| 2013 | Lelisa Desisa Benti | 2:10:22 | Rita Jeptoo | 2:26:25 |
| 2014 | Meb Keflezighi | 2:08:37 | Bizunesh Deba³ | 2:19:59 |
| 2015 | Lelisa Desisa Benti | 2:09:17 | Caroline Rotich | 2:24:55 |
| 2016 | Lemi Berhanu Hayle | 2:12:45 | Atsede Baysa | 2:29:19 |
| 2017 | Geoffrey Kirui | 2:09:37 | Edna Kiplagat | 2:21:52 |
| 2018 | Yuki Kawauchi | 2:15:58 | Desi Linden | 2:39:54 |
| 2019 | Lawrence Cherono | 2:07:57 | Worknesh Degefa | 2:23:31 |
| 2020$^4$ | Bertan behera | | | |
| 2021 | Benson Kipruto | 2:09:51 | Diana Kipyogei | 2:24:45 |
| 2022 | Evans Chebet | 2:06:51 | Peres Jepchirchir | 2:21:01 |
| 2023 | Evans Chebet | 2:05:54 | Hellen Obiri | 2:21:38 |
| 2024 | Sisay Lemma | 2:06:17 | Hellen Obiri | 2:22:27 |
* ¹ 1918an lasterketa berezia izan zen, 10 gizonetako talde militarrek hartu baitzuten parte erreleboka.
* ² Emakumezkoen lasterketak jokatzen 1966an hasi baziren ere lehen sei ekitaldiak ez ziren ofizialak izan.
* ³ 2014ko emakumezkoen lasterketa Rita Jeptook irabazi bazuien ere, beranduag deskalifikatu eta Bizunesh Deba etiopiarra izendatu zuten txapeldun.
* $^4$ 2020. urteko ekitaldia bertan behera gelditu zen COVID-19 pandemiaren eraginez.

### Gurpildun aulkiak

| Urtea | Gizonezko irabazlea | Denbora | Emakumezko irabazlea | Denbora |
| 1975 | Robert Hall | 2:58:00 | | |
| 1976 | ez jokatua |
| 1977 | Robert Hall | 2:40:10 | Sharon Rahn | 3:48:51 |
| 1978 | George Murray | 2:26:57 | Susan Shapiro | 3:52:35 |
| 1979 | Ken Archer | 2:38:59 | Sheryl Bair | 3:27:56 |
| 1980 | Curt Brinkman | 1:55:00 | Sharon Limpert | |
| 1981 | Jim Martinson | 2:00:41 | Candace Cable-Brookes | 2:38:41 |
| 1982 | Jim Knaub | 1:51:31 | Candace Cable-Brookes | 2:12:43 |
| 1983 | Jim Knaub | 1:47:10 | Sherry Ramsey | 2:56:51 |
| 1984 | André Viger | 2:05:20 | Sherry Ramsey | 2:27:07 |
| 1985 | George Murray | 1:45:34 | Candace Cable-Brookes | 2:05:26 |
| 1986 | André Viger | 1:43:25 | Candace Cable-Brookes | 2:09:28 |
| 1987 | André Viger | 1:55:42 | Candace Cable-Brookes | 2:19:55 |
| 1988 | Mustapha Badid | 1:43:19 | Candace Cable-Brookes | 2:10:44 |
| 1989 | Philippe Couprie | 1:36:04 | Connie Hansen | 1:50:06 |
| 1990 | Mustapha Badid | 1:29:53 | Jean Driscoll | 1:43:17 |
| 1991 | Jim Knaub | 1:30:44 | Jean Driscoll | 1:42:42 |
| 1992 | Jim Knaub | 1:26:28 | Jean Driscoll | 1:36:52 |
| 1993 | Jim Knaub | 1:22:17 | Jean Driscoll | 1:34:50 |
| 1994 | Heinz Frei | 1:21:23 | Jean Driscoll | 1:34:22 |
| 1995 | Franz Nietlispach | 1:25:59 | Jean Driscoll | 1:40:42 |
| 1996 | Heinz Frei | 1:30:14 | Jean Driscoll | 1:52:56 |
| 1997 | Franz Nietlispach | 1:28:14 | Louise Sauvage | 1:54:28 |
| 1998 | Franz Nietlispach | 1:21:52 | Louise Sauvage | 1:41:19 |
| 1999 | Franz Nietlispach | 1:21:36 | Louise Sauvage | 1:42:23 |
| 2000 | Franz Nietlispach | 1:33:32 | Jean Driscoll | 2:00:52 |
| 2001 | Ernst van Dyk | 1:25:12 | Louise Sauvage | 1:53:54 |
| 2002 | Ernst van Dyk | 1:23:19 | Edith Hunkeler | 1:45:57 |
| 2003 | Ernst van Dyk | 1:28:32 | Christina Ripp | 1:54:47 |
| 2004 | Ernst van Dyk | 1:18:27 | Cheri Blauwet | 1:39:53 |
| 2005 | Ernst van Dyk | 1:24:11 | Cheri Blauwet | 1:47:45 |
| 2006 | Ernst van Dyk | 1:25:29 | Edith Hunkeler | 1:43:42 |
| 2007 | Masazumi Soejima | 1:29:16 | Wakako Tsuchida | 1:53:30 |
| 2008 | Ernst van Dyk | 1:26:49 | Wakako Tsuchida | 1:48:32 |
| 2009 | Ernst van Dyk | 1:33:29 | Wakako Tsuchida | 1:54:37 |
| 2010 | Ernst van Dyk | 1:26:53 | Wakako Tsuchida | 1:43:32 |
| 2011 | Masazumi Soejima | 1:18:50 | Wakako Tsuchida | 1:34:06 |
| 2012 | Joshua Cassidy | 1:18:25 | Shirley Reilly | 1:37:36 |
| 2013 | Hiroyuki Yamamoto | 1:25:33 | Tatyana McFadden | 1:45:25 |
| 2014 | Ernst van Dyk | 1:20:36 | Tatyana McFadden | 1:35:06 |
| 2015 | Marcel Hug | 1:29:53 | Tatyana McFadden | 1:52:54 |
| 2016 | Marcel Hug | 1:24:01 | Tatyana McFadden | 1:42:16 |
| 2017 | Marcel Hug | 1:18:03 | Manuela Schär | 1:28:17 |
| 2018 | Marcel Hug | 1:46:26 | Tatyana McFadden | 2:04:39 |
| 2019 | Daniel Romanchuk | 1:21:36 | Manuela Schär | 1:34:19 |
| 2020 | Bertan behera | | | |
| 2021 | Marcel Hug | 1:18:11 | Manuela Schär | 1:35:21 |
| 2022 | Daniel Romanchuk | 1:26:58 | Manuela Schär | 1:41:08 |
| 2023 | Marcel Hug | 1:17:06 | Susannah Scaroni | 1:41:45 |
| 2024 | Marcel Hug | 1:15:33 | Eden Rainbow-Cooper | 1:35:11 |

## Garaipenak
### Gizonezkoak

| Lasterkaria | Garaipenak | Urteak |
| Clarence DeMar | 7 | 1911, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1927, 1928, 1930 |
| Gérard Côté | 4 | 1940, 1943, 1944, 1948 |
| Bill Rodgers | 4 | 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980 |
| Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot | 4 | 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008 |
| Leslie S. Pawson | 3 | 1933, 1938, 1941 |
| Eino Oksanen | 3 | 1959, 1961, 1962 |
| Ibrahim Hussein | 3 | 1988, 1991, 1992 |
| Cosmas Ndeti | 3 | 1993, 1994, 1995 |

### Emakumezkoak

| Lasterkaria | Garaipenak | Urteak |
| Catherine Ndereba | 4 | 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005 |
| Bobbi Gibb | 3 | 1966, 1967, 1968 |
| Sara Mae Berman | 3 | 1969, 1970, 1971 |
| Rosa Mota | 3 | 1987, 1988, 1990 |
| Uta Pippig | 3 | 1994, 1995, 1996 |
| Fatuma Roba | 3 | 1997, 1998, 1999 |

### Gurpildun aulkiak

* Gizonezkoak
| Lasterkaria | Garaipenak | Urteak |
| Ernst van Dyk | 10 | 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014 |
| Marcel Hug | 7 | 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2023, 2024 |
| Jim Knaub | 5 | 1982, 1983, 1991, 1992, 1993 |
| Franz Nietlispach | 5 | 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 |
| André Viger | 3 | 1984, 1986, 1987 |
* Emakumezkoak
| Lasterkaria | Garaipenak | Urteak |
| Jean Driscoll | 8 | 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000 |
| Candace Cable-Brookes | 6 | 1981, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 |
| Wakako Tsuchida | 5 | 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 |
| Tatyana McFadden | 5 | 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 |
| Louise Sauvage | 4 | 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001 |
| Manuela Schär | 4 | 2017, 2019, 2021, 2022 |

## Erreferentziak

* ↑ (Ingelesez) «BAA Gives Update on 2021 Boston Marathon Timing» NBC Boston (Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-01-17).

## Kanpo estekak

* (Ingelesez) Bostongo maratoiaren webgune ofiziala
* Datuak: Q826038
* Multimedia: Boston Marathon / Q826038