# Tabla de nucleidos

Una tabla de nucleidos o tabla de radionucleidos es un gráfico bidimensional de isótopos de los elementos, en el que un eje representa el número de neutrones (símbolo N) y el otro representa el número de protones (número atómico, símbolo Z) en el núcleo atómico. Por tanto, cada punto trazado en el gráfico representa un nucleido de un elemento químico conocido o hipotético. Este sistema de ordenación de nucleidos puede ofrecer una mayor comprensión de las características de los isótopos que la más conocida tabla periódica, que muestra solo elementos y no sus isótopos. La carta de los nucleidos también se conoce como la carta de Segrè, en honor al físico italiano Emilio Segrè.

## Descripción y utilidad

Una tabla de nucleidos mapea el comportamiento nuclear o radiactivo de los nucleidos, ya que distingue los isótopos de un elemento. Contrasta con una tabla periódica, que solo mapea su comportamiento químico, ya que los isótopos (nucleidos que son variantes del mismo elemento) no difieren químicamente en un grado significativo, con la excepción del hidrógeno. Las tablas de nucleidos organizan nucleidos a lo largo del eje X por su número de neutrones ya lo largo del eje Y por su número de protones, hasta los límites de las líneas de goteo de neutrones y protones. Esta representación fue publicada por primera vez por Kurt Guggenheimer en 1934 y ampliada por Giorgio Fea en 1935, Emilio Segrè en 1945 o Glenn Seaborg. En 1958, Walter Seelmann-Eggebert y Gerda Pfennig publicaron la primera edición de la tabla de nucleidos de Karlsruhe. Su séptima edición estuvo disponible en 2006. En la actualidad, existen varias cartas de nucleidos, cuatro de las cuales tienen una amplia distribución: la carta de nucleidos de Karlsruhe, la carta de nucleidos universales de Estrasburgo, la carta de nucleidos de la Agencia Japonesa de Energía Atómica (JAEA) y el gráfico de nucleidos del Laboratorio de Energía Atómica de Knolls en los EE. UU. se ha convertido en una herramienta básica de la comunidad nuclear.

## Tendencias en el gráfico de nucleidos

| 5 | H | $^7$He | $^8$Li | $^9$Be | $^{10}$B | C | $^{12}$N | $^{13}$O | $^{14}$F | Ne | 11 |
| 6 | H | $^8$He | $^9$Li | $^{10}$Be | $^{11}$B | C | N | $^{14}$O | $^{15}$F | $^{16}$Ne | Na | 12 |
| | 7 | $^9$He | $^{10}$Li | $^{11}$Be | $^{12}$B | C | N | $^{15}$O | $^{16}$F | $^{17}$Ne | $^{18}$Na | Mg | 13 |
| | 8 | $^{10}$He | $^{11}$Li | $^{12}$Be | $^{13}$B | C | N | $^{16}$O | $^{17}$F | $^{18}$Ne | $^{19}$Na | $^{20}$Mg | Al | 14 |
| | | 9 | $^{12}$Li | $^{13}$Be | $^{14}$B | $^{15}$C | $^{16}$N | O | F | $^{19}$Ne | $^{20}$Na | $^{21}$Mg | $^{22}$Al | Si |
* Los isótopos son nucleidos con el mismo número de protones pero diferente número de neutrones; es decir, tienen el mismo número atómico y, por tanto, son el mismo elemento químico . Los isótopos se vecinos entre sí verticalmente. Los ejemplos incluyen carbono-12, carbono-13 y carbono-14 en la tabla anterior.
* Los isótonos son nucleidos con el mismo número de neutrones pero diferente número de protones. Los isotonos se aproximan horizontalmente. Los ejemplos incluyen carbono-14, nitrógeno-15 y oxígeno-16 en la tabla anterior.
* Los isóbaros son nucleidos con el mismo número de nucleones (es decir, número de masa) pero diferente número de protones y neutrones. Los isobaros son vecinos entre sí en diagonal desde la parte inferior izquierda a la superior derecha. Ejemplos son carbono-14, nitrógeno-14 y oxígeno-14 en la tabla anterior.
* Los isodiaferos son nucleidos con la misma diferencia entre su número de neutrones y protones ( N - Z ). Como los isobaros, siguen líneas diagonales, pero en ángulo recto con las líneas de isobaros (de arriba a la izquierda a abajo a la derecha). Los ejemplos incluyen boro-10, carbono-12 y nitrógeno-14 (como N - Z = 0 para cada par), o boro-12, carbono-14 y nitrógeno-16 (como N - Z = 2 para cada par).
* Más allá de la línea del límite de inestabilidad de neutrones a lo largo de la parte inferior izquierda, los nucleidos se desintegran por emisión de neutrones.
* Más allá de la línea del límite de inestabilidad de protones a lo largo de la esquina superior derecha, los nucleidos se desintegran por emisión de protones. Solo se han establecido líneas de límite de inestabilidad para algunos elementos.
* La isla de estabilidad es una región hipotética en el grupo de nucleidos superior derecho que contiene isótopos mucho más estables que otros elementos transuránicos.
* No hay nucleidos estables que tengan un número igual de protones y neutrones en sus núcleos con un número atómico superior a 20 (es decir, calcio) como se puede observar fácilmente en la tabla. Los núcleos de mayor número atómico requieren un exceso de neutrones para su estabilidad.
* Los únicos nucleidos estables que tienen un número impar de protones y un número impar de neutrones son hidrógeno-2 , litio-6 , boro-10 , nitrógeno-14 y (observacionalmente) tantalio-180. Esto se debe a que la masa-energía de tales átomos suele ser más alta que la de sus vecinos en la misma cadena isobárica, por lo que la mayoría de ellos son inestables a la desintegración beta.
* No hay nucleidos estables con números de masa 5 u 8. Hay nucleidos estables con todos los demás números de masa hasta 208, con las excepciones de 147 y 151. ( Se descubrió que el bismuto-209 era radiactivo en 2003, pero con una vida media de 1,9 × 10 $^{19}$ años.)
* Con la posible excepción del par telurio-123 y antimonio-123, los números de masa impares nunca están representados por más de un nucleido estable. Esto se debe a que la masa-energía es una función convexa del número atómico, por lo que todos los nucleidos en una cadena isobárica impar, excepto uno, tienen un vecino de menor energía al que pueden desintegrarse por desintegración beta.
* No hay nucleidos estables que tengan un número atómico mayor que Z = 82 (plomo), aunque el bismuto ( Z = 83) es estable para todos los propósitos prácticos. Los elementos con números atómicos del 1 al 82 tienen isótopos estables, con las excepciones del tecnecio ( Z = 43) y el prometio ( Z = 61).

## Tablas

Código de colores para la vida media usada en {{Iso1}} :
ver también: título (texto al pasar el mouse por encima) :
por código de letra :
| ejemplo: Gd |||
| - | $^{145}$Gd | < 1 día |
| V | $^{146}$Gd | 1–10 días |
| I | $^{149}$Gd | 10–100 días |
| B | $^{153}$Gd | 100 días–10 a |
| G | $^{148}$Gd | 10–10.000 años |
| Y | $^{150}$Gd | 10 ka–103 Ma |
| O | $^{152}$Gd | > 700 Ma |
| R | $^{158}$Gd | Estable |
| Usado en: Plantilla:TablaNuclidos |||
por código numérico :
| 0 | 1–10 años |
| 1 | 10–100 años |
| 2 | 100–1k años |
| 3 | 1k–10k años |
| 4 | 10k–100k años |
| 5 | 100k–1M años |
| 6 | 1M–10M años |
| 7 | 10M–103M años |
| 8 | 103M–700M años |
| 9 | 700M–14G años |
| Usado en: Plantilla:Actínidos vs productos de la fisión |||
Para mayor comodidad, hay tres vistas diferentes de los datos disponibles en Wikipedia: dos conjuntos de "tablas segmentadas" y una sola "tabla unificada (todos los elementos)". La tabla unificada permite una fácil visualización de las tendencias de recuento de protones/neutrones, pero requiere un desplazamiento horizontal y vertical simultáneo. Las tablas segmentadas permiten un examen más fácil de un elemento químico en particular con mucho menos desplazamiento. Se proporcionan enlaces para saltar rápidamente entre las diferentes secciones.

### Tablas segmentadas

* Tabla de nucleidos (segmentada, estrecha)
* Tabla de nucleidos (segmentada, amplia)

### Tabla completa

La siguiente tabla de nucleidos muestra los núcleidos (a menudo llamados vagamente "isótopos", pero este término se refiere correctamente a los nucleidos con el mismo número atómico, véase arriba), incluidos todos con vida media de al menos un día. Están ordenados con números atómicos crecientes de izquierda a derecha y números crecientes de neutrones de arriba abajo.
El color de la celda indica la vida media de cada nucleido; si un borde está presente, su color indica la vida media del isómero nuclear más estable. En los navegadores gráficos, cada nucleido también tiene una información sobre herramientas que indica su vida media. Cada color representa un cierto rango de longitud de vida media, y el color del borde indica la vida media de su estado de isómero nuclear. Algunos nucleidos tienen múltiples isómeros nucleares, y esta tabla indica el más largo. Los bordes punteados significan que un nucleido tiene un isómero nuclear, y su color se representa de la misma manera que sus contrapartes normales. Las líneas discontinuas entre varios nucleidos de los primeros elementos son las líneas de goteo de protones y neutrones determinadas experimentalmente.
| Z → | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| n ↓ | n | H | He | 3 | 4 |
| 0 | | H | | Li | Be | 5 | 6 |
| 1 | n | H | He | Li | $^5$Be | B | C | 7 |
| 2 | n | H | He | $^5$Li | $^6$Be | $^7$B | $^8$C | N | 8 |
| 3 | | H | $^5$He | $^6$Li | $^7$Be | $^8$B | $^9$C | $^{10}$N | O | 9 |
| 4 | n | H | $^6$He | $^7$Li | $^8$Be | $^9$B | $^{10}$C | $^{11}$N | $^{12}$O | F | 10 |
| 5 | | H | $^7$He | $^8$Li | $^9$Be | $^{10}$B | C | $^{12}$N | $^{13}$O | $^{14}$F | Ne | 11 |
| 6 | | H | $^8$He | $^9$Li | $^{10}$Be | $^{11}$B | C | N | $^{14}$O | $^{15}$F | $^{16}$Ne | Na | 12 |
| | | 7 | $^9$He | $^{10}$Li | $^{11}$Be | $^{12}$B | C | N | $^{15}$O | $^{16}$F | $^{17}$Ne | $^{18}$Na | Mg | 13 |
| | | 8 | $^{10}$He | $^{11}$Li | $^{12}$Be | $^{13}$B | C | N | $^{16}$O | $^{17}$F | $^{18}$Ne | $^{19}$Na | $^{20}$Mg | Al | 14 |
| | | | 9 | $^{12}$Li | $^{13}$Be | $^{14}$B | $^{15}$C | $^{16}$N | O | F | $^{19}$Ne | $^{20}$Na | $^{21}$Mg | $^{22}$Al | Si | 15 |
| | | | | 10 | $^{14}$Be | $^{15}$B | $^{16}$C | $^{17}$N | O | $^{19}$F | $^{20}$Ne | $^{21}$Na | $^{22}$Mg | $^{23}$Al | $^{24}$Si | P | 16 |
| | | | | | 11 | $^{16}$B | $^{17}$C | $^{18}$N | $^{19}$O | $^{20}$F | $^{21}$Ne | $^{22}$Na | $^{23}$Mg | $^{24}$Al | $^{25}$Si | $^{26}$P | S | 17 |
| | | | | | | 12 | $^{18}$C | $^{19}$N | $^{20}$O | $^{21}$F | $^{22}$Ne | $^{23}$Na | $^{24}$Mg | $^{25}$Al | $^{26}$Si | $^{27}$P | | Cl | 18 |
| | | | | | | | 13 | $^{20}$N | $^{21}$O | $^{22}$F | $^{23}$Ne | $^{24}$Na | $^{25}$Mg | Al | $^{27}$Si | $^{28}$P | $^{29}$S | | Ar | 19 |
| | | | | | | | | 14 | $^{22}$O | $^{23}$F | $^{24}$Ne | $^{25}$Na | $^{26}$Mg | $^{27}$Al | $^{28}$Si | $^{29}$P | $^{30}$S | $^{31}$Cl | | K | 20 |
| | | | | | | | | | 15 | $^{24}$F | $^{25}$Ne | $^{26}$Na | $^{27}$Mg | $^{28}$Al | $^{29}$Si | $^{30}$P | $^{31}$S | $^{32}$Cl | $^{33}$Ar | | Ca |
| | | | | | | | | | | 16 | $^{26}$Ne | $^{27}$Na | $^{28}$Mg | $^{29}$Al | $^{30}$Si | $^{31}$P | $^{32}$S | $^{33}$Cl | $^{34}$Ar | $^{35}$K | | 21 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | 17 | $^{28}$Na | $^{29}$Mg | $^{30}$Al | $^{31}$Si | $^{32}$P | $^{33}$S | $^{34}$Cl | $^{35}$Ar | $^{36}$K | $^{37}$Ca | Sc | 22 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 18 | $^{30}$Mg | $^{31}$Al | $^{32}$Si | $^{33}$P | $^{34}$S | $^{35}$Cl | $^{36}$Ar | $^{37}$K | $^{38}$Ca | | Ti | 23 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 19 | $^{32}$Al | $^{33}$Si | $^{34}$P | $^{35}$S | $^{36}$Cl | $^{37}$Ar | $^{38}$K | $^{39}$Ca | $^{40}$Sc | $^{41}$Ti | V | 24 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20 | $^{34}$Si | $^{35}$P | $^{36}$S | Cl | $^{38}$Ar | $^{39}$K | $^{40}$Ca | $^{41}$Sc | $^{42}$Ti | | Cr | 25 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 21 | $^{36}$P | $^{37}$S | $^{38}$Cl | $^{39}$Ar | K | $^{41}$Ca | $^{42}$Sc | $^{43}$Ti | $^{44}$V | $^{45}$Cr | Mn | 26 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 22 | $^{38}$S | $^{39}$Cl | $^{40}$Ar | $^{41}$K | $^{42}$Ca | $^{43}$Sc | $^{44}$Ti | $^{45}$V | $^{46}$Cr | | Fe | 27 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 23 | $^{40}$Cl | $^{41}$Ar | $^{42}$K | $^{43}$Ca | $^{44}$Sc | $^{45}$Ti | $^{46}$V | $^{47}$Cr | $^{48}$Mn | $^{49}$Fe | Co | 28 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 24 | $^{41}$Cl | $^{42}$Ar | $^{43}$K | $^{44}$Ca | $^{45}$Sc | $^{46}$Ti | $^{47}$V | $^{48}$Cr | $^{49}$Mn | $^{50}$Fe | $^{51}$Co | Ni | 29 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 25 | $^{42}$Cl | $^{43}$Ar | $^{44}$K | $^{45}$Ca | $^{46}$Sc | $^{47}$Ti | $^{48}$V | $^{49}$Cr | $^{50}$Mn | $^{51}$Fe | $^{52}$Co | $^{53}$Ni | Cu | 30 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 26 | $^{43}$Cl | $^{44}$Ar | $^{45}$K | $^{46}$Ca | $^{47}$Sc | $^{48}$Ti | $^{49}$V | $^{50}$Cr | $^{51}$Mn | $^{52}$Fe | $^{53}$Co | $^{54}$Ni | $^{55}$Cu | Zn |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 27 | $^{44}$Cl | $^{45}$Ar | $^{46}$K | $^{47}$Ca | $^{48}$Sc | $^{49}$Ti | $^{50}$V | $^{51}$Cr | $^{52}$Mn | $^{53}$Fe | $^{54}$Co | $^{55}$Ni | $^{56}$Cu | $^{57}$Zn |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 28 | $^{46}$Ar | $^{47}$K | $^{48}$Ca | $^{49}$Sc | $^{50}$Ti | $^{51}$V | $^{52}$Cr | $^{53}$Mn | $^{54}$Fe | $^{55}$Co | $^{56}$Ni | $^{57}$Cu | $^{58}$Zn |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29 | $^{48}$K | $^{49}$Ca | $^{50}$Sc | $^{51}$Ti | $^{52}$V | $^{53}$Cr | $^{54}$Mn | $^{55}$Fe | $^{56}$Co | $^{57}$Ni | $^{58}$Cu | $^{59}$Zn |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 30 | $^{50}$Ca | $^{51}$Sc | $^{52}$Ti | $^{53}$V | $^{54}$Cr | $^{55}$Mn | Fe | $^{57}$Co | $^{58}$Ni | $^{59}$Cu | $^{60}$Zn |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 31 | | $^{53}$Ti | $^{54}$V | $^{55}$Cr | $^{56}$Mn | $^{57}$Fe | $^{58}$Co | $^{59}$Ni | $^{60}$Cu | $^{61}$Zn | 31 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 32 | | $^{55}$V | $^{56}$Cr | $^{57}$Mn | $^{58}$Fe | $^{59}$Co | $^{60}$Ni | $^{61}$Cu | $^{62}$Zn | Ga | 32 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 33 | | $^{57}$Cr | $^{58}$Mn | $^{59}$Fe | Co | $^{61}$Ni | $^{62}$Cu | $^{63}$Zn | $^{64}$Ga | Ge | 33 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 34 | | $^{59}$Mn | $^{60}$Fe | $^{61}$Co | Ni | $^{63}$Cu | $^{64}$Zn | $^{65}$Ga | $^{66}$Ge | As |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 35 | | $^{61}$Fe | $^{62}$Co | $^{63}$Ni | $^{64}$Cu | $^{65}$Zn | $^{66}$Ga | $^{67}$Ge | $^{68}$As | 34 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 36 | | $^{62}$Fe | $^{63}$Co | $^{64}$Ni | $^{65}$Cu | $^{66}$Zn | $^{67}$Ga | $^{68}$Ge | $^{69}$As | Se |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 37 | | $^{64}$Co | $^{65}$Ni | $^{66}$Cu | $^{67}$Zn | $^{68}$Ga | $^{69}$Ge | $^{70}$As | $^{71}$Se | 35 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 38 | | $^{66}$Ni | $^{67}$Cu | $^{68}$Zn | $^{69}$Ga | $^{70}$Ge | $^{71}$As | $^{72}$Se | Br | 36 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 39 | | $^{67}$Ni | $^{68}$Cu | $^{69}$Zn | $^{70}$Ga | $^{71}$Ge | $^{72}$As | $^{73}$Se | $^{74}$Br | Kr | 37 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 40 | | $^{68}$Ni | $^{69}$Cu | $^{70}$Zn | $^{71}$Ga | $^{72}$Ge | $^{73}$As | $^{74}$Se | $^{75}$Br | $^{76}$Kr | Rb | 38 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 41 | | $^{70}$Cu | $^{71}$Zn | $^{72}$Ga | $^{73}$Ge | $^{74}$As | $^{75}$Se | $^{76}$Br | $^{77}$Kr | $^{78}$Rb | Sr | 39 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 42 | | $^{72}$Zn | $^{73}$Ga | $^{74}$Ge | $^{75}$As | $^{76}$Se | $^{77}$Br | $^{78}$Kr | $^{79}$Rb | $^{80}$Sr | Y | 40 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 43 | | $^{73}$Zn | $^{74}$Ga | $^{75}$Ge | $^{76}$As | $^{77}$Se | $^{78}$Br | $^{79}$Kr | $^{80}$Rb | $^{81}$Sr | $^{82}$Y | Zr | 41 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 44 | $^{74}$Zn | $^{75}$Ga | $^{76}$Ge | $^{77}$As | $^{78}$Se | $^{79}$Br | $^{80}$Kr | $^{81}$Rb | $^{82}$Sr | $^{83}$Y | $^{84}$Zr | Nb | 42 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 45 | | | 45 | $^{78}$As | Se | $^{80}$Br | $^{81}$Kr | $^{82}$Rb | $^{83}$Sr | $^{84}$Y | $^{85}$Zr | $^{86}$Nb | Mo | 43 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 46 | $^{79}$As | $^{80}$Se | $^{81}$Br | $^{82}$Kr | $^{83}$Rb | $^{84}$Sr | $^{85}$Y | $^{86}$Zr | $^{87}$Nb | $^{88}$Mo | Tc | 44 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 47 | $^{80}$As | $^{81}$Se | $^{82}$Br | $^{83}$Kr | $^{84}$Rb | $^{85}$Sr | $^{86}$Y | $^{87}$Zr | $^{88}$Nb | $^{89}$Mo | $^{90}$Tc | Ru | 45 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 48 | $^{81}$As | $^{82}$Se | $^{83}$Br | $^{84}$Kr | $^{85}$Rb | $^{86}$Sr | $^{87}$Y | $^{88}$Zr | $^{89}$Nb | $^{90}$Mo | $^{91}$Tc | $^{92}$Ru | Rh | 46 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 49 | $^{82}$As | $^{83}$Se | $^{84}$Br | Kr | $^{86}$Rb | $^{87}$Sr | $^{88}$Y | $^{89}$Zr | $^{90}$Nb | $^{91}$Mo | $^{92}$Tc | $^{93}$Ru | | Pd | 47 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 50 | $^{83}$As | $^{84}$Se | $^{85}$Br | $^{86}$Kr | $^{87}$Rb | $^{88}$Sr | $^{89}$Y | $^{90}$Zr | $^{91}$Nb | $^{92}$Mo | $^{93}$Tc | $^{94}$Ru | $^{95}$Rh | | Ag | 48 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 51 | $^{85}$Se | $^{86}$Br | $^{87}$Kr | $^{88}$Rb | $^{89}$Sr | $^{90}$Y | $^{91}$Zr | $^{92}$Nb | $^{93}$Mo | $^{94}$Tc | $^{95}$Ru | $^{96}$Rh | $^{97}$Pd | | Cd |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 52 | $^{87}$Br | $^{88}$Kr | $^{89}$Rb | Sr | $^{91}$Y | $^{92}$Zr | $^{93}$Nb | $^{94}$Mo | $^{95}$Tc | $^{96}$Ru | $^{97}$Rh | $^{98}$Pd | $^{99}$Ag | $^{100}$Cd | 49 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 53 | $^{89}$Kr | $^{90}$Rb | $^{91}$Sr | $^{92}$Y | Zr | $^{94}$Nb | $^{95}$Mo | $^{96}$Tc | $^{97}$Ru | $^{98}$Rh | $^{99}$Pd | $^{100}$Ag | $^{101}$Cd | In | 50 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 54 | $^{91}$Rb | $^{92}$Sr | $^{93}$Y | $^{94}$Zr | $^{95}$Nb | $^{96}$Mo | $^{97}$Tc | $^{98}$Ru | $^{99}$Rh | $^{100}$Pd | $^{101}$Ag | $^{102}$Cd | | Sn | 51 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 55 | $^{93}$Sr | $^{94}$Y | $^{95}$Zr | $^{96}$Nb | $^{97}$Mo | $^{98}$Tc | $^{99}$Ru | $^{100}$Rh | $^{101}$Pd | $^{102}$Ag | $^{103}$Cd | $^{104}$In | | Sb | 52 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 56 | $^{95}$Y | $^{96}$Zr | $^{97}$Nb | $^{98}$Mo | Tc | $^{100}$Ru | $^{101}$Rh | $^{102}$Pd | $^{103}$Ag | $^{104}$Cd | | | | Te | 53 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 57 | $^{96}$Y | $^{97}$Zr | $^{98}$Nb | $^{99}$Mo | $^{100}$Tc | $^{101}$Ru | $^{102}$Rh | $^{103}$Pd | $^{104}$Ag | $^{105}$Cd | $^{106}$In | $^{107}$Sn | | $^{109}$Te | I | 54 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 58 | $^{97}$Y | $^{98}$Zr | $^{99}$Nb | $^{100}$Mo | $^{101}$Tc | $^{102}$Ru | $^{103}$Rh | $^{104}$Pd | $^{105}$Ag | $^{106}$Cd | $^{107}$In | $^{108}$Sn | | | | Xe | 55 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 59 | $^{98}$Y | $^{99}$Zr | $^{100}$Nb | $^{101}$Mo | $^{102}$Tc | $^{103}$Ru | $^{104}$Rh | $^{105}$Pd | $^{106}$Ag | $^{107}$Cd | $^{108}$In | $^{109}$Sn | $^{110}$Sb | $^{111}$Te | | $^{113}$Xe | Cs |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 60 | $^{99}$Y | $^{100}$Zr | $^{101}$Nb | $^{102}$Mo | $^{103}$Tc | $^{104}$Ru | $^{105}$Rh | $^{106}$Pd | $^{107}$Ag | $^{108}$Cd | $^{109}$In | $^{110}$Sn | $^{111}$Sb | $^{112}$Te | | | | 56 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 61 | $^{100}$Y | $^{101}$Zr | $^{102}$Nb | $^{103}$Mo | $^{104}$Tc | $^{105}$Ru | $^{106}$Rh | Pd | $^{108}$Ag | $^{109}$Cd | $^{110}$In | $^{111}$Sn | $^{112}$Sb | $^{113}$Te | | $^{115}$Xe | $^{116}$Cs | Ba |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 62 | $^{102}$Zr | $^{103}$Nb | $^{104}$Mo | $^{105}$Tc | $^{106}$Ru | $^{107}$Rh | $^{108}$Pd | $^{109}$Ag | $^{110}$Cd | $^{111}$In | $^{112}$Sn | $^{113}$Sb | $^{114}$Te | $^{115}$I | $^{116}$Xe | $^{117}$Cs | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 63 | $^{104}$Nb | $^{105}$Mo | $^{106}$Tc | $^{107}$Ru | $^{108}$Rh | $^{109}$Pd | $^{110}$Ag | $^{111}$Cd | $^{112}$In | $^{113}$Sn | $^{114}$Sb | $^{115}$Te | $^{116}$I | $^{117}$Xe | $^{118}$Cs | $^{119}$Ba | 57 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 64 | $^{106}$Mo | $^{107}$Tc | $^{108}$Ru | $^{109}$Rh | $^{110}$Pd | $^{111}$Ag | $^{112}$Cd | $^{113}$In | $^{114}$Sn | $^{115}$Sb | $^{116}$Te | $^{117}$I | $^{118}$Xe | $^{119}$Cs | | La |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 65 | $^{108}$Tc | $^{109}$Ru | $^{110}$Rh | $^{111}$Pd | $^{112}$Ag | Cd | $^{114}$In | $^{115}$Sn | $^{116}$Sb | $^{117}$Te | $^{118}$I | $^{119}$Xe | $^{120}$Cs | $^{121}$Ba | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 66 | $^{110}$Ru | $^{111}$Rh | $^{112}$Pd | $^{113}$Ag | $^{114}$Cd | $^{115}$In | $^{116}$Sn | $^{117}$Sb | $^{118}$Te | $^{119}$I | $^{120}$Xe | $^{121}$Cs | $^{122}$Ba | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 67 | $^{112}$Rh | $^{113}$Pd | $^{114}$Ag | $^{115}$Cd | $^{116}$In | $^{117}$Sn | $^{118}$Sb | $^{119}$Te | $^{120}$I | $^{121}$Xe | $^{122}$Cs | $^{123}$Ba | | 58 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 68 | $^{114}$Pd | $^{115}$Ag | $^{116}$Cd | $^{117}$In | $^{118}$Sn | $^{119}$Sb | $^{120}$Te | $^{121}$I | $^{122}$Xe | $^{123}$Cs | $^{124}$Ba | $^{125}$La | Ce |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 69 | $^{116}$Ag | $^{117}$Cd | $^{118}$In | $^{119}$Sn | $^{120}$Sb | $^{121}$Te | $^{122}$I | $^{123}$Xe | $^{124}$Cs | $^{125}$Ba | $^{126}$La | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 70 | $^{117}$Ag | $^{118}$Cd | $^{119}$In | $^{120}$Sn | $^{121}$Sb | $^{122}$Te | I | $^{124}$Xe | $^{125}$Cs | $^{126}$Ba | $^{127}$La | | 59 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 71 | $^{118}$Ag | $^{119}$Cd | $^{120}$In | Sn | $^{122}$Sb | $^{123}$Te | $^{124}$I | $^{125}$Xe | $^{126}$Cs | $^{127}$Ba | $^{128}$La | $^{129}$Ce | Pr | 60 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 72 | $^{119}$Ag | $^{120}$Cd | $^{121}$In | $^{122}$Sn | $^{123}$Sb | $^{124}$Te | $^{125}$I | $^{126}$Xe | $^{127}$Cs | $^{128}$Ba | $^{129}$La | $^{130}$Ce | | Nd |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 73 | $^{120}$Ag | $^{121}$Cd | $^{122}$In | $^{123}$Sn | $^{124}$Sb | $^{125}$Te | $^{126}$I | $^{127}$Xe | $^{128}$Cs | $^{129}$Ba | $^{130}$La | $^{131}$Ce | $^{132}$Pr | | 61 | 62 | 63 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 74 | $^{121}$Ag | $^{122}$Cd | $^{123}$In | $^{124}$Sn | $^{125}$Sb | $^{126}$Te | $^{127}$I | $^{128}$Xe | $^{129}$Cs | $^{130}$Ba | $^{131}$La | $^{132}$Ce | $^{133}$Pr | $^{134}$Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 75 | $^{122}$Ag | $^{123}$Cd | $^{124}$In | $^{125}$Sn | $^{126}$Sb | $^{127}$Te | $^{128}$I | $^{129}$Xe | $^{130}$Cs | $^{131}$Ba | $^{132}$La | $^{133}$Ce | $^{134}$Pr | $^{135}$Nd | | $^{137}$Sm | | 64 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 76 | $^{123}$Ag | $^{124}$Cd | $^{125}$In | Sn | $^{127}$Sb | $^{128}$Te | I | $^{130}$Xe | $^{131}$Cs | $^{132}$Ba | $^{133}$La | $^{134}$Ce | $^{135}$Pr | $^{136}$Nd | $^{137}$Pm | $^{138}$Sm | $^{139}$Eu | Gd |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 77 | $^{125}$Cd | $^{126}$In | $^{127}$Sn | $^{128}$Sb | $^{129}$Te | $^{130}$I | $^{131}$Xe | $^{132}$Cs | $^{133}$Ba | $^{134}$La | $^{135}$Ce | $^{136}$Pr | $^{137}$Nd | $^{138}$Pm | $^{139}$Sm | $^{140}$Eu | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 78 | $^{127}$In | $^{128}$Sn | $^{129}$Sb | $^{130}$Te | I | $^{132}$Xe | $^{133}$Cs | $^{134}$Ba | $^{135}$La | $^{136}$Ce | $^{137}$Pr | $^{138}$Nd | $^{139}$Pm | $^{140}$Sm | $^{141}$Eu | $^{142}$Gd | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 79 | $^{129}$Sn | $^{130}$Sb | $^{131}$Te | $^{132}$I | $^{133}$Xe | Cs | $^{135}$Ba | $^{136}$La | $^{137}$Ce | $^{138}$Pr | $^{139}$Nd | $^{140}$Pm | $^{141}$Sm | $^{142}$Eu | $^{143}$Gd | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 80 | $^{130}$Sn | $^{131}$Sb | $^{132}$Te | $^{133}$I | $^{134}$Xe | Cs | $^{136}$Ba | $^{137}$La | $^{138}$Ce | $^{139}$Pr | $^{140}$Nd | $^{141}$Pm | $^{142}$Sm | $^{143}$Eu | $^{144}$Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | 70 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 81 | $^{131}$Sn | $^{132}$Sb | $^{133}$Te | $^{134}$I | Xe | $^{136}$Cs | $^{137}$Ba | $^{138}$La | $^{139}$Ce | $^{140}$Pr | $^{141}$Nd | $^{142}$Pm | $^{143}$Sm | $^{144}$Eu | $^{145}$Gd | $^{146}$Tb | $^{147}$Dy | | | | Yb | 71 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 82 | $^{132}$Sn | $^{133}$Sb | $^{134}$Te | $^{135}$I | $^{136}$Xe | Cs | $^{138}$Ba | $^{139}$La | $^{140}$Ce | $^{141}$Pr | $^{142}$Nd | $^{143}$Pm | $^{144}$Sm | $^{145}$Eu | $^{146}$Gd | $^{147}$Tb | $^{148}$Dy | | $^{150}$Er | $^{151}$Tm | | Lu |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 83 | $^{133}$Sn | $^{134}$Sb | $^{135}$Te | $^{136}$I | $^{137}$Xe | $^{138}$Cs | $^{139}$Ba | $^{140}$La | $^{141}$Ce | $^{142}$Pr | $^{143}$Nd | $^{144}$Pm | $^{145}$Sm | $^{146}$Eu | $^{147}$Gd | $^{148}$Tb | $^{149}$Dy | $^{150}$Ho | $^{151}$Er | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 84 | $^{134}$Sn | $^{135}$Sb | $^{136}$Te | $^{137}$I | $^{138}$Xe | $^{139}$Cs | $^{140}$Ba | $^{141}$La | $^{142}$Ce | $^{143}$Pr | $^{144}$Nd | $^{145}$Pm | $^{146}$Sm | $^{147}$Eu | $^{148}$Gd | $^{149}$Tb | $^{150}$Dy | $^{151}$Ho | $^{152}$Er | $^{153}$Tm | $^{154}$Yb | $^{155}$Lu |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 85 | $^{136}$Sb | $^{137}$Te | $^{138}$I | $^{139}$Xe | $^{140}$Cs | $^{141}$Ba | $^{142}$La | $^{143}$Ce | $^{144}$Pr | $^{145}$Nd | $^{146}$Pm | $^{147}$Sm | $^{148}$Eu | $^{149}$Gd | $^{150}$Tb | $^{151}$Dy | $^{152}$Ho | $^{153}$Er | $^{154}$Tm | $^{155}$Yb | $^{156}$Lu |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 86 | $^{138}$Te | $^{139}$I | $^{140}$Xe | $^{141}$Cs | $^{142}$Ba | $^{143}$La | $^{144}$Ce | $^{145}$Pr | $^{146}$Nd | $^{147}$Pm | $^{148}$Sm | $^{149}$Eu | $^{150}$Gd | $^{151}$Tb | $^{152}$Dy | $^{153}$Ho | $^{154}$Er | $^{155}$Tm | $^{156}$Yb | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 87 | $^{140}$I | $^{141}$Xe | $^{142}$Cs | $^{143}$Ba | $^{144}$La | $^{145}$Ce | $^{146}$Pr | $^{147}$Nd | $^{148}$Pm | Sm | $^{150}$Eu | $^{151}$Gd | $^{152}$Tb | $^{153}$Dy | $^{154}$Ho | $^{155}$Er | $^{156}$Tm | $^{157}$Yb | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 88 | $^{142}$Xe | $^{143}$Cs | $^{144}$Ba | $^{145}$La | $^{146}$Ce | $^{147}$Pr | $^{148}$Nd | $^{149}$Pm | $^{150}$Sm | $^{151}$Eu | $^{152}$Gd | $^{153}$Tb | $^{154}$Dy | $^{155}$Ho | $^{156}$Er | $^{157}$Tm | $^{158}$Yb | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 89 | $^{144}$Cs | $^{145}$Ba | $^{146}$La | $^{147}$Ce | $^{148}$Pr | $^{149}$Nd | $^{150}$Pm | Sm | $^{152}$Eu | $^{153}$Gd | $^{154}$Tb | $^{155}$Dy | $^{156}$Ho | $^{157}$Er | $^{158}$Tm | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 90 | $^{146}$Ba | $^{147}$La | $^{148}$Ce | $^{149}$Pr | $^{150}$Nd | $^{151}$Pm | $^{152}$Sm | $^{153}$Eu | $^{154}$Gd | $^{155}$Tb | $^{156}$Dy | $^{157}$Ho | $^{158}$Er | $^{159}$Tm | $^{160}$Yb | $^{161}$Lu |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 91 | $^{148}$La | $^{149}$Ce | $^{150}$Pr | $^{151}$Nd | $^{152}$Pm | $^{153}$Sm | $^{154}$Eu | $^{155}$Gd | $^{156}$Tb | $^{157}$Dy | $^{158}$Ho | $^{159}$Er | $^{160}$Tm | $^{161}$Yb | $^{162}$Lu |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 92 | $^{150}$Ce | $^{151}$Pr | $^{152}$Nd | $^{153}$Pm | $^{154}$Sm | Eu | $^{156}$Gd | $^{157}$Tb | $^{158}$Dy | $^{159}$Ho | $^{160}$Er | $^{161}$Tm | $^{162}$Yb | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 93 | | | $^{154}$Pm | $^{155}$Sm | $^{156}$Eu | $^{157}$Gd | $^{158}$Tb | $^{159}$Dy | $^{160}$Ho | $^{161}$Er | $^{162}$Tm | $^{163}$Yb | $^{164}$Lu |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 94 | $^{154}$Nd | | $^{156}$Sm | $^{157}$Eu | $^{158}$Gd | $^{159}$Tb | $^{160}$Dy | $^{161}$Ho | $^{162}$Er | $^{163}$Tm | $^{164}$Yb | $^{165}$Lu | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 95 | | $^{157}$Sm | $^{158}$Eu | $^{159}$Gd | $^{160}$Tb | $^{161}$Dy | $^{162}$Ho | $^{163}$Er | $^{164}$Tm | $^{165}$Yb | $^{166}$Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 96 | | $^{159}$Eu | $^{160}$Gd | $^{161}$Tb | $^{162}$Dy | $^{163}$Ho | $^{164}$Er | $^{165}$Tm | $^{166}$Yb | $^{167}$Lu | $^{168}$Hf | $^{169}$Ta | $^{170}$W | | $^{172}$Os | $^{171}$Ir | $^{174}$Pt | $^{175}$Au | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 97 | | $^{160}$Eu | $^{161}$Gd | $^{162}$Tb | $^{163}$Dy | $^{164}$Ho | $^{165}$Er | $^{166}$Tm | $^{167}$Yb | $^{168}$Lu | $^{169}$Hf | $^{170}$Ta | $^{171}$W | $^{172}$Re | $^{173}$Os | $^{174}$Ir | $^{175}$Pt | $^{176}$Au | $^{177}$Hg |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 98 | | $^{162}$Gd | $^{163}$Tb | $^{164}$Dy | $^{165}$Ho | $^{166}$Er | $^{167}$Tm | $^{168}$Yb | $^{169}$Lu | $^{170}$Hf | $^{171}$Ta | $^{172}$W | | $^{174}$Os | $^{175}$Ir | $^{176}$Pt | $^{177}$Au | $^{178}$Hg |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 99 | | $^{164}$Tb | $^{165}$Dy | $^{166}$Ho | $^{167}$Er | $^{168}$Tm | $^{169}$Yb | $^{170}$Lu | $^{171}$Hf | $^{172}$Ta | $^{173}$W | $^{174}$Re | $^{175}$Os | $^{176}$Ir | $^{177}$Pt | $^{178}$Au | $^{179}$Hg | 81 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 100 | | $^{166}$Dy | $^{167}$Ho | $^{168}$Er | $^{169}$Tm | $^{170}$Yb | $^{171}$Lu | $^{172}$Hf | $^{173}$Ta | $^{174}$W | $^{175}$Re | $^{176}$Os | $^{177}$Ir | $^{178}$Pt | $^{179}$Au | $^{180}$Hg | Tl | 82 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 101 | | $^{167}$Dy | $^{168}$Ho | $^{169}$Er | $^{170}$Tm | $^{171}$Yb | $^{172}$Lu | $^{173}$Hf | $^{174}$Ta | $^{175}$W | $^{176}$Re | $^{177}$Os | $^{178}$Ir | $^{179}$Pt | | $^{181}$Hg | | Pb |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 102 | | $^{169}$Ho | $^{170}$Er | $^{171}$Tm | $^{172}$Yb | $^{173}$Lu | $^{174}$Hf | $^{175}$Ta | $^{176}$W | $^{177}$Re | $^{178}$Os | $^{179}$Ir | $^{180}$Pt | $^{181}$Au | $^{182}$Hg | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 103 | | $^{170}$Ho | $^{171}$Er | $^{172}$Tm | $^{173}$Yb | $^{174}$Lu | $^{175}$Hf | $^{176}$Ta | $^{177}$W | $^{178}$Re | $^{179}$Os | $^{180}$Ir | $^{181}$Pt | $^{182}$Au | $^{183}$Hg | $^{184}$Tl | $^{185}$Pb | 83 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 104 | | $^{172}$Er | $^{173}$Tm | $^{174}$Yb | $^{175}$Lu | $^{176}$Hf | $^{177}$Ta | $^{178}$W | $^{179}$Re | $^{180}$Os | $^{181}$Ir | $^{182}$Pt | $^{183}$Au | $^{184}$Hg | $^{185}$Tl | $^{186}$Pb | Bi |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 105 | | $^{173}$Er | $^{174}$Tm | $^{175}$Yb | $^{176}$Lu | $^{177}$Hf | $^{178}$Ta | $^{179}$W | $^{180}$Re | $^{181}$Os | $^{182}$Ir | $^{183}$Pt | $^{184}$Au | $^{185}$Hg | $^{186}$Tl | $^{187}$Pb | | 84 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 106 | | $^{175}$Tm | $^{176}$Yb | $^{177}$Lu | $^{178}$Hf | $^{179}$Ta | $^{180}$W | $^{181}$Re | $^{182}$Os | $^{183}$Ir | $^{184}$Pt | $^{185}$Au | $^{186}$Hg | $^{187}$Tl | $^{188}$Pb | $^{189}$Bi | Po | 85 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 107 | | $^{176}$Tm | $^{177}$Yb | $^{178}$Lu | $^{179}$Hf | $^{180}$Ta | $^{181}$W | $^{182}$Re | $^{183}$Os | $^{184}$Ir | $^{185}$Pt | $^{186}$Au | $^{187}$Hg | $^{188}$Tl | $^{189}$Pb | $^{190}$Bi | | At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 108 | | $^{178}$Yb | $^{179}$Lu | $^{180}$Hf | $^{181}$Ta | $^{182}$W | $^{183}$Re | $^{184}$Os | $^{185}$Ir | $^{186}$Pt | $^{187}$Au | $^{188}$Hg | $^{189}$Tl | $^{190}$Pb | $^{191}$Bi | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 109 | | $^{180}$Lu | $^{181}$Hf | $^{182}$Ta | $^{183}$W | $^{184}$Re | $^{185}$Os | $^{186}$Ir | $^{187}$Pt | $^{188}$Au | $^{189}$Hg | $^{190}$Tl | $^{191}$Pb | $^{192}$Bi | $^{193}$Po | $^{194}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 110 | | $^{182}$Hf | $^{183}$Ta | $^{184}$W | $^{185}$Re | $^{186}$Os | $^{187}$Ir | $^{188}$Pt | $^{189}$Au | $^{190}$Hg | $^{191}$Tl | $^{192}$Pb | $^{193}$Bi | $^{194}$Po | $^{195}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 111 | | $^{183}$Hf | $^{184}$Ta | $^{185}$W | $^{186}$Re | $^{187}$Os | $^{188}$Ir | $^{189}$Pt | $^{190}$Au | $^{191}$Hg | $^{192}$Tl | $^{193}$Pb | $^{194}$Bi | $^{195}$Po | $^{196}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 112 | | $^{184}$Hf | $^{185}$Ta | $^{186}$W | $^{187}$Re | $^{188}$Os | $^{189}$Ir | $^{190}$Pt | $^{191}$Au | $^{192}$Hg | $^{193}$Tl | $^{194}$Pb | $^{195}$Bi | $^{196}$Po | $^{197}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 113 | | $^{185}$Hf | $^{186}$Ta | $^{187}$W | $^{188}$Re | $^{189}$Os | $^{190}$Ir | $^{191}$Pt | $^{192}$Au | $^{193}$Hg | $^{194}$Tl | $^{195}$Pb | $^{196}$Bi | $^{197}$Po | $^{198}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 114 | | | $^{188}$W | $^{189}$Re | $^{190}$Os | $^{191}$Ir | $^{192}$Pt | $^{193}$Au | $^{194}$Hg | $^{195}$Tl | $^{196}$Pb | $^{197}$Bi | $^{198}$Po | $^{199}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 115 | | $^{189}$W | $^{190}$Re | $^{191}$Os | $^{192}$Ir | $^{193}$Pt | $^{194}$Au | $^{195}$Hg | $^{196}$Tl | $^{197}$Pb | $^{198}$Bi | $^{199}$Po | $^{200}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 116 | | $^{190}$W | $^{191}$Re | $^{192}$Os | $^{193}$Ir | $^{194}$Pt | $^{195}$Au | $^{196}$Hg | $^{197}$Tl | $^{198}$Pb | $^{199}$Bi | $^{200}$Po | $^{201}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 117 | | $^{192}$Re | $^{193}$Os | $^{194}$Ir | $^{195}$Pt | $^{196}$Au | $^{197}$Hg | $^{198}$Tl | $^{199}$Pb | $^{200}$Bi | $^{201}$Po | $^{202}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 118 | | $^{194}$Os | $^{195}$Ir | $^{196}$Pt | $^{197}$Au | $^{198}$Hg | $^{199}$Tl | $^{200}$Pb | $^{201}$Bi | $^{202}$Po | $^{203}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 119 | | $^{195}$Os | $^{196}$Ir | $^{197}$Pt | $^{198}$Au | $^{199}$Hg | $^{200}$Tl | $^{201}$Pb | $^{202}$Bi | $^{203}$Po | $^{204}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 120 | | $^{196}$Os | $^{197}$Ir | $^{198}$Pt | $^{199}$Au | $^{200}$Hg | $^{201}$Tl | $^{202}$Pb | $^{203}$Bi | $^{204}$Po | $^{205}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 121 | | $^{198}$Ir | $^{199}$Pt | $^{200}$Au | $^{201}$Hg | $^{202}$Tl | $^{203}$Pb | $^{204}$Bi | $^{205}$Po | $^{206}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 122 | | $^{200}$Pt | $^{201}$Au | $^{202}$Hg | $^{203}$Tl | $^{204}$Pb | $^{205}$Bi | $^{206}$Po | $^{207}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 123 | | $^{201}$Pt | $^{202}$Au | $^{203}$Hg | $^{204}$Tl | $^{205}$Pb | $^{206}$Bi | $^{207}$Po | $^{208}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 124 | | $^{203}$Au | $^{204}$Hg | $^{205}$Tl | $^{206}$Pb | $^{207}$Bi | $^{208}$Po | $^{209}$At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 125 | | $^{204}$Au | $^{205}$Hg | $^{206}$Tl | $^{207}$Pb | $^{208}$Bi | $^{209}$Po | $^{210}$At | 86 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 126 | | $^{206}$Hg | $^{207}$Tl | $^{208}$Pb | Bi | $^{210}$Po | $^{211}$At | Rn | 87 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 127 | | $^{208}$Tl | $^{209}$Pb | $^{210}$Bi | $^{211}$Po | $^{212}$At | $^{213}$Rn | Fr | 88 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 128 | | $^{209}$Tl | $^{210}$Pb | $^{211}$Bi | $^{212}$Po | $^{213}$At | $^{214}$Rn | $^{215}$Fr | Ra | 89 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 129 | | $^{210}$Tl | $^{211}$Pb | $^{212}$Bi | $^{213}$Po | $^{214}$At | $^{215}$Rn | $^{216}$Fr | $^{217}$Ra | Ac | 90 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 130 | | $^{212}$Pb | $^{213}$Bi | $^{214}$Po | $^{215}$At | $^{216}$Rn | $^{217}$Fr | $^{218}$Ra | $^{219}$Ac | Th | 91 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 131 | | $^{213}$Pb | $^{214}$Bi | $^{215}$Po | $^{216}$At | $^{217}$Rn | $^{218}$Fr | $^{219}$Ra | $^{220}$Ac | $^{221}$Th | Pa | 92 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 132 | | $^{214}$Pb | $^{215}$Bi | $^{216}$Po | $^{217}$At | $^{218}$Rn | $^{219}$Fr | $^{220}$Ra | $^{221}$Ac | $^{222}$Th | $^{223}$Pa | U | 93 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 133 | | | $^{217}$Po | $^{218}$At | $^{219}$Rn | $^{220}$Fr | $^{221}$Ra | $^{222}$Ac | $^{223}$Th | $^{224}$Pa | | Np | 94 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 134 | | $^{218}$Po | $^{219}$At | $^{220}$Rn | $^{221}$Fr | $^{222}$Ra | $^{223}$Ac | $^{224}$Th | $^{225}$Pa | $^{226}$U | | Pu | 95 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 135 | | $^{220}$At | $^{221}$Rn | $^{222}$Fr | $^{223}$Ra | $^{224}$Ac | $^{225}$Th | $^{226}$Pa | $^{227}$U | $^{228}$Np | | Am |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 136 | | $^{221}$At | $^{222}$Rn | $^{223}$Fr | $^{224}$Ra | $^{225}$Ac | $^{226}$Th | $^{227}$Pa | $^{228}$U | $^{229}$Np | | | 96 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 137 | | $^{223}$Rn | $^{224}$Fr | $^{225}$Ra | $^{226}$Ac | $^{227}$Th | $^{228}$Pa | $^{229}$U | $^{230}$Np | | $^{232}$Am | Cm |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 138 | | $^{224}$Rn | $^{225}$Fr | $^{226}$Ra | $^{227}$Ac | $^{228}$Th | $^{229}$Pa | $^{230}$U | $^{231}$Np | $^{232}$Pu | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 139 | | $^{225}$Rn | $^{226}$Fr | $^{227}$Ra | $^{228}$Ac | $^{229}$Th | $^{230}$Pa | $^{231}$U | $^{232}$Np | $^{233}$Pu | $^{234}$Am | | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 140 | | $^{226}$Rn | $^{227}$Fr | $^{228}$Ra | $^{229}$Ac | Th | $^{231}$Pa | U | $^{233}$Np | $^{234}$Pu | $^{235}$Am | $^{236}$Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 141 | | $^{228}$Fr | $^{229}$Ra | $^{230}$Ac | $^{231}$Th | $^{232}$Pa | U | $^{234}$Np | $^{235}$Pu | $^{236}$Am | $^{237}$Cm | | | | $^{241}$Fm |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 142 | | $^{229}$Fr | $^{230}$Ra | $^{231}$Ac | Th | $^{233}$Pa | U | $^{235}$Np | $^{236}$Pu | $^{237}$Am | $^{238}$Cm | $^{239}$Bk | $^{240}$Cf | $^{241}$Es | $^{242}$Fm |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 143 | | | $^{232}$Ac | $^{233}$Th | $^{234}$Pa | U | $^{236}$Np | $^{237}$Pu | $^{238}$Am | $^{239}$Cm | $^{240}$Bk | $^{241}$Cf | $^{242}$Es | $^{243}$Fm |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 144 | | | $^{234}$Th | $^{235}$Pa | U | Np | Pu | $^{239}$Am | $^{240}$Cm | $^{241}$Bk | $^{242}$Cf | $^{243}$Es | $^{244}$Fm | 101 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 145 | | $^{235}$Th | $^{236}$Pa | $^{237}$U | $^{238}$Np | Pu | $^{240}$Am | $^{241}$Cm | $^{242}$Bk | $^{243}$Cf | $^{244}$Es | $^{245}$Fm | Md | 102 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 146 | | $^{236}$Th | $^{237}$Pa | U | $^{239}$Np | Pu | Am | $^{242}$Cm | $^{243}$Bk | $^{244}$Cf | $^{245}$Es | $^{246}$Fm | | No | 103 | 104 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 147 | | $^{237}$Th | $^{238}$Pa | U | $^{240}$Np | Pu | $^{242}$Am | $^{243}$Cm | $^{244}$Bk | $^{245}$Cf | $^{246}$Es | $^{247}$Fm | $^{248}$Md | | Lr | Rf | 105 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 148 | | $^{238}$Th | $^{239}$Pa | U | $^{241}$Np | Pu | $^{243}$Am | $^{244}$Cm | $^{245}$Bk | $^{246}$Cf | $^{247}$Es | $^{248}$Fm | $^{249}$Md | $^{250}$No | | | Db |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 149 | | $^{240}$Pa | $^{241}$U | $^{242}$Np | $^{243}$Pu | $^{244}$Am | $^{245}$Cm | $^{246}$Bk | $^{247}$Cf | $^{248}$Es | $^{249}$Fm | $^{250}$Md | $^{251}$No | $^{252}$Lr | $^{253}$Rf | | 106 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 150 | | $^{242}$U | $^{243}$Np | Pu | $^{245}$Am | $^{246}$Cm | $^{247}$Bk | $^{248}$Cf | $^{249}$Es | $^{250}$Fm | $^{251}$Md | $^{252}$No | $^{253}$Lr | $^{254}$Rf | $^{255}$Db | Sg | 107 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 151 | | $^{244}$Np | $^{245}$Pu | $^{246}$Am | $^{247}$Cm | $^{248}$Bk | $^{249}$Cf | $^{250}$Es | $^{251}$Fm | $^{252}$Md | $^{253}$No | $^{254}$Lr | $^{255}$Rf | $^{256}$Db | | Bh |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 152 | | $^{246}$Pu | $^{247}$Am | $^{248}$Cm | $^{249}$Bk | $^{250}$Cf | $^{251}$Es | $^{252}$Fm | $^{253}$Md | $^{254}$No | $^{255}$Lr | $^{256}$Rf | $^{257}$Db | $^{258}$Sg | | 108 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 153 | | $^{247}$Pu | $^{248}$Am | $^{249}$Cm | $^{250}$Bk | $^{251}$Cf | $^{252}$Es | $^{253}$Fm | $^{254}$Md | $^{255}$No | $^{256}$Lr | $^{257}$Rf | $^{258}$Db | $^{259}$Sg | $^{260}$Bh | Hs | 109 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 154 | | $^{249}$Am | $^{250}$Cm | $^{251}$Bk | $^{252}$Cf | $^{253}$Es | $^{254}$Fm | $^{255}$Md | $^{256}$No | $^{257}$Lr | $^{258}$Rf | $^{259}$Db | $^{260}$Sg | $^{261}$Bh | | Mt | 110 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 155 | | $^{251}$Cm | $^{252}$Bk | $^{253}$Cf | $^{254}$Es | $^{255}$Fm | $^{256}$Md | $^{257}$No | $^{258}$Lr | $^{259}$Rf | $^{260}$Db | $^{261}$Sg | $^{262}$Bh | $^{263}$Hs | | Ds |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 156 | | $^{252}$Cm | $^{253}$Bk | $^{254}$Cf | $^{255}$Es | $^{256}$Fm | $^{257}$Md | $^{258}$No | $^{259}$Lr | $^{260}$Rf | $^{261}$Db | $^{262}$Sg | | $^{264}$Hs | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 157 | | $^{254}$Bk | $^{255}$Cf | $^{256}$Es | $^{257}$Fm | $^{258}$Md | $^{259}$No | $^{260}$Lr | $^{261}$Rf | $^{262}$Db | $^{263}$Sg | $^{264}$Bh | $^{265}$Hs | $^{266}$Mt | $^{267}$Ds |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 158 | | $^{256}$Cf | $^{257}$Es | $^{258}$Fm | $^{259}$Md | $^{260}$No | $^{261}$Lr | $^{262}$Rf | $^{263}$Db | $^{264}$Sg | $^{265}$Bh | $^{266}$Hs | | | 111 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 159 | | $^{258}$Es | $^{259}$Fm | $^{260}$Md | | $^{262}$Lr | $^{263}$Rf | | $^{265}$Sg | $^{266}$Bh | $^{267}$Hs | $^{268}$Mt | $^{269}$Ds | Rg |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 160 | | $^{260}$Fm | | $^{262}$No | | | | $^{266}$Sg | $^{267}$Bh | $^{268}$Hs | | $^{270}$Ds | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 161 | | | | | $^{265}$Rf | $^{266}$Db | $^{267}$Sg | | $^{269}$Hs | $^{270}$Mt | $^{271}$Ds | $^{272}$Rg |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 162 | | | | $^{266}$Rf | $^{267}$Db | | | $^{270}$Hs | | | | 112 | 113 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 163 | | | $^{267}$Rf | $^{268}$Db | $^{269}$Sg | $^{270}$Bh | $^{271}$Hs | | $^{273}$Ds | $^{274}$Rg | Cn | Nh |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 164 | | $^{268}$Rf | | | $^{271}$Bh | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 165 | | $^{270}$Db | $^{271}$Sg | $^{272}$Bh | $^{273}$Hs | $^{274}$Mt | | | $^{277}$Cn | $^{278}$Nh |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 166 | | $^{272}$Sg | | | $^{275}$Mt | | | $^{278}$Cn | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 167 | | $^{273}$Sg | $^{274}$Bh | $^{275}$Hs | $^{276}$Mt | $^{277}$Ds | $^{278}$Rg | $^{279}$Cn | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 168 | | | | $^{277}$Mt | | $^{279}$Rg | $^{280}$Cn | | 114 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 169 | | $^{277}$Hs | $^{278}$Mt | $^{279}$Ds | $^{280}$Rg | $^{281}$Cn | $^{282}$Nh | Fl | 115 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 170 | | | | $^{281}$Rg | $^{282}$Cn | $^{283}$Nh | | Mc | 116 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 171 | | $^{281}$Ds | $^{282}$Rg | $^{283}$Cn | $^{284}$Nh | $^{285}$Fl | | Lv | 117 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 172 | | | $^{284}$Cn | $^{285}$Nh | $^{286}$Fl | $^{287}$Mc | | Ts | 118 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 173 | | $^{285}$Cn | $^{286}$Nh | $^{287}$Fl | $^{288}$Mc | | | Og |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 174 | | | $^{288}$Fl | $^{289}$Mc | $^{290}$Lv | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 175 | | $^{289}$Fl | $^{290}$Mc | $^{291}$Lv | | $^{293}$Og |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 176 | | | $^{292}$Lv | $^{293}$Ts | $^{294}$Og |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 177 | | $^{293}$Lv | $^{294}$Ts | |

## Investigación sobre nuevos nucleídos

La investigación sobre nuevos nucleídos (núcleos exóticos) y sus propiedades sigue activa en los aceleradores equipados para acelerar núcleos (iones pesados), como es el GANIL en Caen, Francia, el GSI en Darmstadt (Alemania) o el Riken de Tokio (Japón). Por ejemplo, el estudio de núcleos cercanos a la línea de goteo nuclear, como el $^{45}$ Fe (véase ref) y del $^{54}$Zn (véase ref), ha permitido obtener la primera evidencia experimental de la emisión de dos protones. Pero la investigación más activa es la producción de núcleos transuránicos (superpesados) en la búsqueda de una posible isla de estabilidad, predicha por ciertos modelos teóricos.