# Demografía de Eslovaquia

El siguiente artículo describe las características de la demografía de Eslovaquia

## Población

La población de Eslovaquia se ha mantenido estable desde la década de los 80, fluctuando entre 5 y 5.5 millones de habitantes.

### Etnias

La mayoría de los habitantes de Eslovaquia son étnicamente eslovacos (85,5%). Los húngaros son la minoría étnica más grande (10%) y están concentrados en la región sur del país. Otros grupos étnicos incluyen a los gitanos, checos, rutenos, ucranianos, alemanes, y polacos. El porcentaje de gitanos es de 1,7% según el último censo (que está basada en la propia definición de los gitanos), pero alrededor del 5,6% según entrevistas con alcaldes y representantes municipales (que está basada en la definición del pueblo permanente). Sin embargo, nótese que en el caso del 5,6%, los porcentajes de húngaros y eslovacos son más bajos por 4 puntos porcentuales.

### Idiomas

El idioma oficial del estado es el eslovaco, un miembro de las lenguas eslavas, pero el húngaro es ampliamente hablado en el sur y disfruta de un estatus cooficial en algunas regiones.

## Nacimientos y defunciones

La esperanza de vida es de 76 años y la población urbana supera el 60 por 100 así como el índice de fecundidad alcanzó los 1.28 hijos/mujer.
| | Población | Nacidos vivos | Muertes | Cambio natural | NacimientosBirths (por 1000) | Defunciones (por 1000) | Cambio natural(por 1000) | Tasas de fertilidad | Abortos inducidos |
| 1919 | 2,940,000 | 91,729 | 56,866 | 34,863 | 31.2 | 19.3 | 11.9 | 3.64 |
| 1920 | 3,001,000 | 97,680 | 61,084 | 36,596 | 32.6 | 20.4 | 12.2 | 4.25 |
| 1921 | 3,006,000 | 114,947 | 63,507 | 51,440 | 38.2 | 21.1 | 17.1 | 4.96 |
| 1922 | 3,046,000 | 111,059 | 62,902 | 48,157 | 36.5 | 20.7 | 15.8 | 4.67 |
| 1923 | 3,095,000 | 111,070 | 54,176 | 56,894 | 35.9 | 17.5 | 18.4 | 4.55 |
| 1924 | 3,135,000 | 106,062 | 56,322 | 49,740 | 33.8 | 18.0 | 15.9 | 4.25 |
| 1925 | 3,168,000 | 102,867 | 56,171 | 46,696 | 32.5 | 17.7 | 14.7 | 4.01 |
| 1926 | 3,202,000 | 103,955 | 59,701 | 44,254 | 32.5 | 18.6 | 13.8 | 3.98 |
| 1927 | 3,232,000 | 99,891 | 59,172 | 40,719 | 30.9 | 18.3 | 12.6 | 3.76 |
| 1928 | 3,258,000 | 99,673 | 58,320 | 41,353 | 30.6 | 17.9 | 12.7 | 3.69 |
| 1929 | 3,286,000 | 95,387 | 56,447 | 38,940 | 29.0 | 17.2 | 11.9 | 3.48 |
| 1930 | 3,315,000 | 96,898 | 52,268 | 44,630 | 29.2 | 15.8 | 13.5 | 3.49 |
| 1931 | 3,350,000 | 93,309 | 54,273 | 39,036 | 27.9 | 16.2 | 11.7 | 3.33 |
| 1932 | 3,388,000 | 93,140 | 52,992 | 40,148 | 27.5 | 15.6 | 11.9 | 3.29 |
| 1933 | 3,424,000 | 84,975 | 50,655 | 34,320 | 24.8 | 14.8 | 10.0 | 2.96 |
| 1934 | 3,456,000 | 83,493 | 50,178 | 33,315 | 24.2 | 14.5 | 9.6 | 2.86 |
| 1935 | 3,486,000 | 82,382 | 49,830 | 32,552 | 23.6 | 14.3 | 9.3 | 2.8 |
| 1936 | 3,515,000 | 80,923 | 48,547 | 32,376 | 23.0 | 13.8 | 9.2 | 2.79 |
| 1937 | 3,540,000 | 79,862 | 49,527 | 30,335 | 22.6 | 14.0 | 8.6 | 2.77 |
| 1938 | 3,726,000 | 80,800 | 49,700 | 31,100 | 21.7 | 13.3 | 8.3 | 2.8 |
| 1939 | 3,577,000 | 81,200 | 48,800 | 32,400 | 22.7 | 13.6 | 9.1 | 2.83 |
| 1940 | 3,553,000 | 85,300 | 52,900 | 32,400 | 24.0 | 14.9 | 9.1 | 2.87 |
| 1941 | 3,542,000 | 85,700 | 53,600 | 32,100 | 24.2 | 15.1 | 9.1 | 2.9 |
| 1942 | 3,523,000 | 87,200 | 55,900 | 31,300 | 24.8 | 15.9 | 8.9 | 2.93 |
| 1943 | 3,503,000 | 87,700 | 50,900 | 36,800 | 25.0 | 14.5 | 10.5 | 2.96 |
| 1944 | 3,484,000 | 91,600 | 58,100 | 33,500 | 26.3 | 16.7 | 9.6 | 3 |
| 1945 | 3,459,000 | 81,880 | 67,505 | 14,375 | 23.7 | 19.5 | 4.2 | 3.03 |
| 1946 | 3,392,000 | 82,204 | 47,589 | 34,615 | 24.2 | 14.0 | 10.2 | 3.09 |
| 1947 | 3,399,000 | 87,659 | 41,491 | 46,168 | 25.8 | 12.2 | 13.6 | 3.21 |
| 1948 | 3,446,000 | 91,189 | 40,873 | 50,316 | 26.5 | 11.9 | 14.6 | 3.24 |
| 1949 | 3,447,000 | 91,053 | 41,727 | 49,326 | 26.4 | 12.1 | 14.3 | 3.28 |
| 1950 | 3,463,000 | 99,721 | 39,668 | 60,053 | 28.8 | 11.5 | 17.4 | 3.56 |
| 1951 | 3,509,000 | 100,663 | 40,505 | 60,158 | 28.5 | 11.5 | 17.0 | 3.58 |
| 1952 | 3,558,000 | 100,824 | 36,897 | 63,927 | 28.0 | 10.2 | 17.7 | 3.57 |
| 1953 | 3,599,000 | 99,124 | 35,598 | 63,526 | 26.9 | 9.7 | 17.3 | 3.50 |
| 1954 | 3,661,000 | 98,310 | 34,866 | 63,444 | 26.2 | 9.3 | 16.9 | 3.45 |
| 1955 | 3,727,000 | 99,305 | 32,917 | 66,388 | 26.0 | 8.6 | 17.4 | 3.47 |
| 1956 | 3,787,000 | 99,467 | 32,815 | 66,652 | 25.5 | 8.4 | 17.1 | 3.46 |
| 1957 | 3,844,000 | 97,311 | 35,755 | 61,556 | 24.5 | 9.0 | 15.5 | 3.34 |
| 1958 | 3,900,000 | 93,272 | 32,106 | 61,166 | 23.1 | 7.9 | 15.1 | 3.25 | 12,383 |
| 1959 | 3,946,000 | 87,991 | 34,077 | 53,914 | 21.5 | 8.3 | 13.1 | 3.07 | 17,217 |
| 1960 | 3,994,000 | 88,412 | 31,609 | 56,803 | 22.1 | 7.9 | 14.2 | 3.08 | 20,738 |
| 1961 | 4,182,000 | 87,359 | 31,403 | 55,956 | 21.6 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 3.04 | 24,244 |
| 1962 | 4,238,000 | 83,899 | 34,398 | 49,501 | 19.8 | 8.1 | 11.7 | 2.84 | 23,784 |
| 1963 | 4,282,000 | 87,158 | 32,978 | 54,180 | 20.4 | 7.7 | 12.7 | 2.95 | 19,076 |
| 1964 | 4,327,000 | 86,878 | 32,875 | 54,003 | 20.1 | 7.6 | 12.5 | 2.91 | 19,174 |
| 1965 | 4,371,000 | 84,257 | 35,910 | 48,347 | 19.3 | 8.2 | 11.1 | 2.80 | 21,037 |
| 1966 | 4,412,000 | 81,453 | 36,357 | 45,096 | 18.5 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 2.68 | 24,445 |
| 1967 | 4,449,000 | 77,537 | 35,458 | 42,079 | 17.4 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 2.50 | 26,571 |
| 1968 | 4,484,000 | 76,370 | 38,076 | 38,294 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 2.40 | 27,398 |
| 1969 | 4,519,000 | 79,769 | 40,623 | 39,146 | 17.7 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 2.43 | 28,534 |
| 1970 | 4,550,000 | 80,666 | 42,240 | 38,426 | 17.7 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 2.40 | 27,873 |
| 1971 | 4,557,000 | 83,062 | 42,856 | 40,206 | 18.2 | 9.4 | 8.8 | 2.42 | 28,619 |
| 1972 | 4,597,000 | 87,794 | 41,410 | 46,384 | 19.1 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 2.49 | 26,213 |
| 1973 | 4,641,000 | 92,953 | 43,759 | 49,194 | 20.0 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 2.56 | 25,335 |
| 1974 | 4,690,000 | 97,585 | 44,934 | 52,651 | 20.8 | 9.6 | 11.2 | 2.60 | 26,086 |
| 1975 | 4,739,000 | 97,649 | 45,248 | 52,401 | 20.6 | 9.5 | 11.1 | 2.53 | 26,160 |
| 1976 | 4,790,000 | 99,814 | 45,420 | 54,394 | 20.8 | 9.5 | 11.4 | 2.52 | 27,700 |
| 1977 | 4,841,000 | 99,533 | 47,181 | 52,352 | 20.6 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 2.47 | 27,875 |
| 1978 | 4,890,000 | 100,193 | 47,778 | 52,415 | 20.5 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 2.45 | 28,641 |
| 1979 | 4,939,000 | 100,240 | 47,837 | 52,403 | 20.3 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 2.44 | 29,981 |
| 1980 | 4,984,000 | 95,100 | 50,579 | 44,521 | 19.1 | 10.1 | 8.9 | 2.31 | 31,240 |
| 1981 | 5,016,000 | 93,290 | 49,632 | 43,658 | 18.6 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 2.28 | 31,943 |
| 1982 | 5,055,000 | 92,618 | 50,393 | 42,225 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 8.4 | 2.26 | 33,107 |
| 1983 | 5,092,000 | 92,053 | 52,433 | 39,620 | 18.1 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 2.27 | 33,625 |
| 1984 | 5,127,000 | 90,843 | 51,739 | 39,104 | 17.7 | 10.1 | 7.6 | 2.25 | 34,268 |
| 1985 | 5,162,000 | 90,155 | 52,464 | 37,691 | 17.5 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 2.26 | 36,283 |
| 1986 | 5,193,000 | 87,138 | 53,233 | 33,905 | 16.8 | 10.3 | 6.5 | 2.20 | 40,624 |
| 1987 | 5,224,000 | 84,006 | 52,980 | 31,026 | 16.1 | 10.1 | 5.9 | 2.18 | 49,690 |
| 1988 | 5,251,000 | 83,242 | 52,475 | 30,767 | 15.9 | 10.0 | 5.9 | 2.15 | 51,000 |
| 1989 | 5,276,000 | 80,116 | 53,902 | 26,214 | 15.2 | 10.2 | 5.0 | 2.08 | 48,602 |
| 1990 | 5,298,000 | 79,989 | 54,619 | 25,370 | 15.1 | 10.3 | 4.8 | 2.09 | 48,437 |
| 1991 | 5,283,000 | 78,569 | 54,618 | 23,951 | 14.9 | 10.3 | 4.5 | 2.05 | 45,902 |
| 1992 | 5,307,000 | 74,640 | 53,423 | 21,217 | 14.1 | 10.1 | 4.0 | 1.99 | 42,626 |
| 1993 | 5,325,000 | 73,256 | 52,707 | 20,549 | 13.8 | 9.9 | 3.9 | 1.93 | 38,815 |
| 1994 | 5,347,000 | 66,370 | 51,386 | 14,984 | 12.4 | 9.6 | 2.8 | 1.67 | 34,883 |
| 1995 | 5,364,000 | 61,427 | 52,686 | 8,741 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 1.6 | 1.52 | 29,409 |
| 1996 | 5,374,000 | 60,123 | 51,236 | 8,887 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 1.7 | 1.47 | 25,173 |
| 1997 | 5,383,000 | 59,310 | 52,080 | 7,230 | 11.0 | 9.7 | 1.3 | 1.43 | 22,318 |
| 1998 | 5,391,000 | 57,582 | 53,156 | 4,426 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 0.8 | 1.37 | 21,109 |
| 1999 | 5,396,000 | 56,223 | 52,402 | 3,821 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 0.7 | 1.33 | 19,949 |
| 2000 | 5,401,000 | 55,151 | 52,724 | 2,427 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 0.4 | 1.29 | 18,468 |
| 2001 | 5,379,000 | 51,136 | 51,980 | -844 | 9.5 | 9.7 | -0.2 | 1.20 | 18,026 |
| 2002 | 5,379,000 | 50,841 | 51,532 | -691 | 9.5 | 9.6 | -0.1 | 1.19 | 17,382 |
| 2003 | 5,379,000 | 51,713 | 52,230 | -517 | 9.6 | 9.7 | -0.1 | 1.20 | 16,222 |
| 2004 | 5,383,000 | 53,747 | 51,852 | 1,895 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 1.24 | 15,307 |
| 2005 | 5,387,000 | 54,430 | 53,475 | 955 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 0.2 | 1.25 | 14,427 |
| 2006 | 5,391,000 | 53,904 | 53,301 | 603 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 0.1 | 1.24 | 14,243 |
| 2007 | 5,398,000 | 54,424 | 53,856 | 568 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 0.1 | 1.26 | 13,424 |
| 2008 | 5,407,000 | 57,360 | 53,164 | 4,196 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 0.8 | 1.32 | 13,394 |
| 2009 | 5,418,000 | 61,217 | 52,913 | 8,304 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 1.5 | 1.41 | 13,240 |
| 2010 | 5,431,000 | 60,410 | 53,445 | 6,965 | 11.1 | 9.8 | 1.3 | 1.40 | 12,582 |
| 2011 | 5,398,000 | 60,813 | 51,903 | 8,910 | 11.3 | 9.6 | 1.7 | 1.45 | 11,789 |
| 2012 | 5,408,000 | 55,535 | 52,437 | 3,098 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 0.6 | 1.34 | 11,214 |
| 2013 | 5,416,000 | 54,823 | 52,089 | 2,734 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 0.5 | 1.34 | 11,105 |
| 2014 | 5,421,000 | 55,033 | 51,346 | 3,687 | 10.2 | 9.5 | 0.7 | 1.37 | 10,582 |
| 2015 | 5,426,000 | 55,604 | 53,826 | 1,778 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 0.3 | 1.40 | 10,058 |
| 2016 | 5,435,000 | 57,557 | 52,351 | 5,206 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 1.0 | 1.48 | 9,390 |
| 2017 | 5,443,000 | 57,969 | 53,914 | 4,055 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 0.7 | 1.52 | 9,083 |
| 2018 | 5,450,000 | 57,639 | 54,293 | 3,346 | 10.6 | 10.0 | 0.6 | 1.5435 | 9,039 |
| 2019 | 5,458,000 | 57,054 | 53,234 | 3,820 | 10.5 | 9.8 | 0.7 | 1.5642 | 6,682 |
| 2020 | 5,459,781 | 56,650 | 59,089 | -2,439 | 10.4 | 10.8 | -0.4 | 1.5884 | 6,180 |

## Inmigración

La inmigración en Eslovaquia es una de las más bajas de la Unión Europea. A continuación se desglosa el número y origen de inmigrantes:
País de origen :
| Nacionalidad | Población (2020) |
| Ucrania | 42,162 |
| Serbia | 16,005 |
| República Checa | 12,246 |
| Hungría | 9,492 |
| Rumania | 7,372 |
| Vietnam | 6,798 |
| Polonia | 6,133 |
| Rusia | 5,658 |
| Alemania | 4,572 |
| Italia | 3,057 |
| Reino Unido | 2,828 |
| China | 2,695 |
| Australia | 2,563 |
| BUlgaria | 1,740 |
| Macedonia del Norte | 1,675 |
| Francia | 1,563 |
| Corea del Sur | 1,493 |
| España | 1,300 |
| Croacia | 1,274 |
| Irán | 1,221 |

## Religión

La constitución de Eslovaquia garantiza la libertad de credo. La mayoría de la población es católica (62%), mientras que el segundo grupo más numeroso corresponde a la población atea (13%). Cerca del 6.9% son Protestantes, 4.1% son católicos griegos y 0.9% corresponde a Ortodoxos.