# Gallicanism
## English
### Etymology

From Gallican +‎ -ism.

### Noun

Gallicanism (countable and uncountable, plural Gallicanisms)
* (historical, chiefly Roman Catholicism) The doctrine that the church of France is autonomous, especially in relation to the pope; also, the intellectual movement in support of this doctrine and the policies expressing it.
    Antonyms: anti-Gallicanism, ultramontanism
    Coordinate term: (Germany) Febronianism
** 1912, “Wake, William”, in The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, volume 12, page 237:[…] after being ordained, [Wake] went to Paris in 1682 as chaplain to Viscount Preston. Here Wake came into close touch with Gallicanism […]
** 1999, Michael W. Cuneo, The Smoke of Satan: Conservative and Traditionalist Dissent in Contemporary American Catholicism, →ISBN, page 8:Moreover, the enthusiasm with which Hecker’s ideas had been received among Catholic liberals in France served to increase Leo XIII’s suspicion that Americanism was yet another attempt, not so very different from the Gallicanisms of the past, to assert the independence of a national church from Rome.
* (by extension, often derogatory) Support for the autonomy of national churches.
** 2006, John C. Super, “Papacy”, in edited by J. Michael Francis, Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, volume 1, →ISBN, page 823:Ultramontanism (dominance by the Vatican) conflicted with Gallicanism (freedom from the Vatican) as the Church tried to come to terms with the changes of the nineteenth century.
** 2018 November 19, Chad C. Pecknold, “Synodality Upended”, in First Things‎:Douthat himself immediately tweeted that “it’s synodality when the Germans want something, Gallicanism when the Americans want something.”
** 2019, George Weigel, The Irony of Modern Catholic History […]‎, →ISBN:The second large issue roiling the world Church during the papacy of Pope Francis was closely related to this theological question of the reality of revelation: the emergence of a new, twenty-first-century Gallicanism that imagined Catholicism as a federation of national Churches rather than a universal Church with distinctive local expressions.
* (Christianity) A liturgical feature distinctive of the Gallican Rite.
** 1895, F. E. Warren, “Introduction”, in The Antiphonary of Bangor: An Early Irish Manuscript in the Ambrosian Library at Milan, part 2, page xxviii:It must be remembered that the Gelasian Sacramentary is a Gallican recension of a Roman Sacramentary, and that it abounds in Gallicanisms.
** 1904, C. J. B. Gaskoin, Alcuin: His Life and Work, page 217:The earliest surviving Anglo-Saxon books are full of Gallicanisms: just as the Stowe Missal, though it contains the Roman Canon, betrays at every turn its Celtic origin.
** 1939, William R. Bonniwell, “The Dominican Rite”, in The American Ecclesiastical Review, volume 100, number 6, page 508:Whatever Gallicanisms are found in the Dominican rite were not taken directly from the Gallican rite—for this had long ceased to exist—but from the Roman rite. As a matter of fact some of the Gallican customs incorporated in the Roman rite were rejected by the Friars Preachers in favor of the more ancient practice of Rome.