# 面目
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): miànmù
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄇㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): min$^6$ muk$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mien-muk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): biān-bo̍k / bīn-ba̍k / bīn-bo̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miànmù
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miànmù
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^4$-mu$^4$
*** Yale: myàn-mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miannmuh
*** Palladius: мяньму (mjanʹmu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^6$ muk$^6$
*** Yale: mihn muhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^6$ muk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^6$ mug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn²² mʊk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mien-muk
*** Hakka Romanization System: mien mug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mian$^4$ mug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi̯en⁵⁵ muk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biān-bo̍k
*** Tâi-lô: biān-bo̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biexnbok
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn³³⁻²¹ bɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɛn³³⁻¹¹ bɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn²²⁻²¹ bɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn²²⁻²¹ bɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁴¹⁻²² bɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bīn-ba̍k
*** Tâi-lô: bīn-ba̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bixnbak
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin³³⁻²¹ bak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bin²²⁻²¹ bak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bin³³⁻¹¹ bak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin²²⁻²¹ bak̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bīn-bo̍k
*** Tâi-lô: bīn-bo̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bixnbok
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin³³⁻²¹ bɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bin³³⁻¹¹ bɔk̚⁴/

### Noun

面目
* face
* look; appearance
    From: 1949, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論人民民主專政》 (On the People's Democratic Dictatorship). English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
    Zhōngguórén zhǎo dào le Mǎkèsī-Lièníng zhǔyì zhège fàng zhī sìhǎi ér jiē zhǔn de pǔbiàn zhēnlǐ, Zhōngguó de miànmù jiù qǐ le biànhuà le. [Pinyin]
    The Chinese found Marxism-Leninism, the universally applicable truth, and the face of China began to change.
* face (sociological concept); dignity

#### Synonyms

* (face):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 面, 顏 countenance |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 臉兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 臉蛋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 臉蛋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 臉蛋子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 臉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 臉 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 臉 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 臉 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 臉, 臉兒, 臉膛子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 臉 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Changshanzi) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 臉, 盤子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 臉, 臉巴兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 臉, 臉盤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 臉包 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 臉 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 臉, 面孔 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 臉 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 面, 面頂 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 面 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 面 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 面 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 面 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 面, 面口 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 面 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 面 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 面, 面子蛋 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 面 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 面 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 面 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 面 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 面 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 面 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 面 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 面 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 臉 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 面 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 面 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 面 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 面 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 面 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 面 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 面 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 面 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 面 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 面 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 面 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Changting | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 面 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 面, 面嘴 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 面盤 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 面 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 面 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 面 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 面 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 面 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 面 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 面 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 面, 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 面 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 面 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 面 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 面 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 面 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 面 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 面 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 面 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 面 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 面 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 面 |
| Hakka | Hengzhou (Xiaoyi) | 面 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 面 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 面 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 面鉢 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 面 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 面 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 面 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 臉 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 臉 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 臉 |
| Jin | Linhe | 臉 |
| Jin | Jining | 臉 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 臉 |
| Jin | Baotou | 臉 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 眉眼 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 面 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 面, 面䫌 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 面 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 面 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 面 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 面 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 面 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 面 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 面 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 面 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 面 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 面 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 面 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 面 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 面 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 面 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 面頰 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Pingtian) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Xiaowen) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Guiping (Dongsheng) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 面 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 面 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 面 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 面 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 面 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 面 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 面 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xinxu) | 面 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 面 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Sanjie) | 面 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 面 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 面 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 面 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 面 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 面 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 面 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 面包 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 面孔, 面顴, 番斯 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 面孔 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 面孔 |
| Wu | Danyang | 面孔 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 臉, 臉孔 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 面孔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 面股, 面 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 面, 面孔 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 臉 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 面 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 面 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 臉 |
* 喙面 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 嘴臉／嘴脸 (zuǐliǎn) (usually derogatory)
* 臉／脸
* 臉子／脸子 (liǎnzi) (colloquial)
* 臉蛋／脸蛋 (liǎndàn) (colloquial)
* 臉蛋子／脸蛋子 (liǎndànzi) (colloquial, mainland China)
* 臉部／脸部 (liǎnbù)
* 臉面／脸面 (liǎnmiàn)
* 面 (miàn) (compounds or dialectical)
* 面孔 (miànkǒng) (formal or Wu)
* 面貌 (miànmào)
* 面部 (miànbù)
* 顏面／颜面 (yánmiàn)
* (dignity):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 面目, 面子, 體面, 顏面, 臉面, 臉子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 面子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 臉, 面子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 面子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 面子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 面 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 面, 面子 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 面 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 面子, 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 面, 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 面, 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 面, 面子, 面皮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 面皮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 面子 |

#### Derived terms

* 三日不讀書，面目可憎／三日不读书，面目可憎 (sān rì bù dúshū, miànmùkězēng)
* 不識廬山真面目／不识庐山真面目 (bùshí Lúshān zhēnmiànmù)
* 大頭面目／大头面目
* 廬山真面目／庐山真面目 (lúshān zhēnmiànmù)
* 廬山面目／庐山面目
* 政治面目 (zhèngzhì miànmù)
* 本來面目／本来面目
* 沒有面目／没有面目
* 沒面目／没面目
* 無面目／无面目
* 無面目見江東父老／无面目见江东父老 (wú miànmù jiàn Jiāngdōng fùlǎo)
* 真面目 (zhēnmiànmù)
* 難施面目／难施面目
* 面目一新
* 面目全非 (miànmùquánfēi)
* 面目可憎
* 面目清秀
* 面目猙獰／面目狰狞
* 面目黃瘦／面目黄瘦

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 面 | 目 |
| めん Grade: 3 | もく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) めんもく [mèńmókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mẽ̞mːo̞kɯ̟]

#### Noun

面(めん)目(もく) • (menmoku)
* one's honor
* appearance

##### Derived terms

* 真面目(しんめんもく) (shinmenmoku)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 面 | 目 |
| めん Grade: 3 | ぼく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) めんぼく [mèńbókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mẽ̞mbo̞kɯ̟]

#### Noun

面(めん)目(ぼく) • (menboku)
* one's honor
* appearance

##### Derived terms

* 真面目(しんめんぼく) (shinmenboku)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 面 | 目 |
| めい Grade: 3 | ぼく Grade: 1 |
| irregular ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [me̞ːbo̞kɯ̟]

#### Noun

面(めい)目(ぼく) • (meiboku)
* (obsolete) one's honor
* (obsolete) appearance

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN