# 麴

| 麴 | U+9EB4, &#40628; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EB4 |
| ← 麳 [U+9EB3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 麵 → [U+9EB5] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 麴/麯 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 麹 |
| Simplified | 曲/麹 |

### Han character

麴 (Kangxi radical 199, 麥+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 十水心火木 (JEPFD) or 十弓心火木 (JNPFD), four-corner 4724$_2$, composition ⿰麥匊(G) or ⿺麥匊(HTJK))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1513, character 52
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47818
* Dae Jaweon: page 2043, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4605, character 5
* Unihan data for U+9EB4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 菊 | *kuɡ |
| 鞠 | *kuɡ, *kʰuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 掬 | *kluɡ |
| 匊 | *kluɡ |
| 鵴 | *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 椈 | *kuɡ |
| 諊 | *kuɡ |
| 踘 | *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 趜 | *kuɡ, *ɡuɡ |
| 蘜 | *kuɡ |
| 鞫 | *kuɡ |
| 巈 | *kuɡ |
| 麴 | *kʰuɡ |
| 毱 | *ɡuɡ |
| 驧 | *ɡuɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuɡ) : semantic 麥 + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qū, qú
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ, ㄑㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kuk$^1$ / guk$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ké̤ṳk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khak
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$chioq; $^7$chiuq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qū
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyu
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^1$
*** Yale: chyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiu
*** Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qú
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyú
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^2$
*** Yale: chyú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyu
*** Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kuk$^1$ / guk$^1$
*** Yale: kūk / gūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kuk$^7$ / guk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kug$^1$ / gug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊk̚⁵/, /kʊk̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ké̤ṳk
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰøyʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak
*** Tâi-lô: khak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qag
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰak̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰak̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰak̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰak̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰak̚³²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$chioq; $^7$chiuq
*** MiniDict: chioh$^入$; chiuih$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$qioq; $^4$qyq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: khjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 麴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 驅匊切 |
| Baxter | khjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰuwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | huk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 麴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7017 |
| Phonetic component | 匊 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 麴 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰuɡ/ |

#### Definitions

麴
* 麴 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Jiuqu (English)
* yeast; leaven (used to make wine)
    See also: 糱, 糵
* (obsolete) wine; alcoholic beverage

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 麴, 酒母 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 酒麴, 酒藥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 酒麴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 麴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 酒藥, 酒餅 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 麴種 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 酒餅 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 酒餅仔, 酒餅 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 酒餅 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 酒餅 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 糟嫲 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 糟嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 糟嫲 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 糟嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 糟嫲 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 糟嫲 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 酒麴 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 酒麴, 麴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 酒酵 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 酒麴, 酒母 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 酒餅 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 糟餅 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 酒餅 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 酒餅 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 酒藥 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 酒藥 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 酒藥子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 藥子 |

#### Compounds

* 大麴／大曲 (dàqū)
* 神麴／神曲 (shénqū)
* 紅麴／红曲 (hóngqū)
* 草麴粿／草曲粿
* 酒醴麴櫱／酒醴曲蘖
* 酒麴／酒曲 (jiǔqū)
* 麴君／曲君 (qūjūn)
* 麴塵／曲尘
* 麴櫱／曲蘖
* 麴生／曲生 (qūshēng)
* 麴監／曲监 (qūjiàn)
* 麴秀才／曲秀才 (qūxiùcái)
* 麴糱／曲糱 (qūniè)
* 麴糵／曲糵
* 麴菌／曲菌 (qūjūn)
* 麴車／曲车
* 麴道士／曲道士
* 麴錢／曲钱 (qūqián)
* 麴院／曲院 (qūyuàn)
* 麴黴／曲霉 (qūméi)
* 黃麴毒素／黄曲毒素
* 黃麴黴／黄曲霉 (huángqūméi)
* 黃麴黴毒素／黄曲霉毒素 (huángqūméi dúsù)
* 黃麴黴素／黄曲霉素 (huángqūméisù)
* 黃麴黴菌／黄曲霉菌
* 鼠麴粿／鼠曲粿
* 鼠麴草／鼠曲草

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Qū, Qú (Qu$^1$, Qu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ, ㄑㄩˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kuk$^1$ / guk$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Khiok
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Qū
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Cyu
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻü$^1$
*** Yale: Chyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chiu
*** Palladius: Цюй (Cjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Qú
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Cyú
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻü$^2$
*** Yale: Chyú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chyu
*** Palladius: Цюй (Cjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kuk$^1$ / guk$^1$
*** Yale: kūk / gūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kuk$^7$ / guk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kug$^1$ / gug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊk̚⁵/, /kʊk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khiok
*** Tâi-lô: Khiok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: khjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 麴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 驅匊切 |
| Baxter | khjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰuwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | huk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 麴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7017 |
| Phonetic component | 匊 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 麴 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰuɡ/ |

#### Definitions

麴
* a surname

### References

* “麴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 麹 |
| Kyūjitai | 麴 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 麹)
* yeast
* leaven

#### Readings

* Go-on: きく (kiku)
* Kan-on: きく (kiku)
* Kun: かびたち (kabitachi, 麴)、かむし (kamushi, 麴)、かむち (kamuchi, 麴)、かんだち (kandachi, 麴)、こうじ (kōji, 麴)

### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 麴 – see the following entry. :
| 【麹】H | [kanji] hyōgai kanji [kanji] koji mold [kanji] sake (Japanese rice wine) Kanji reading: きく, かびたち, かむし, かむち, かんだち, こうじ |
(This term, 麴, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

麴 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)
* yeast
* leaven

## Vietnamese
### Han character

麴: Hán Nôm readings: khúc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.