# 洪水
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hóngshuǐ
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hong$^2$ sui$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^4$ seoi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fùng-súi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hông-chúi / hông-súi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hong$^5$ zui$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghon-sy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hóngshuǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hóngshuěi
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^2$-shui$^3$
*** Yale: húng-shwěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horngshoei
*** Palladius: хуншуй (xunšuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: hong$^2$ sui$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xungsui
*** Sinological IPA : /xoŋ²¹ suei⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^4$ seoi$^2$
*** Yale: hùhng séui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^4$ soey$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^4$ sêu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùng-súi
*** Hakka Romanization System: fung$^ˇ$ sui$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fung$^2$ sui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /fuŋ¹¹ su̯i³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-chúi
*** Tâi-lô: hông-tsuí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongzuie
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-súi
*** Tâi-lô: hông-suí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongsuie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² sui⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sui⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hong$^5$ zui$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hông tsúi
*** Sinological IPA : /hoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ghon-sy
*** MiniDict: ghon$^去$ sy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhon-sr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoŋ²² sz̩⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: huwng sywijX
Rime :
| Character | 洪 | 水 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 脂 (18) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 戸公切 | 式軌切 |
| Baxter | huwng | sywijX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuŋ/ | /ɕˠiuɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuŋ/ | /ɕʷᵚi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuŋ/ | /ɕiuɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəwŋ/ | /ɕjwi$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuŋ/ | /ɕjui$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuŋ/ | /ɕwi$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣuŋ/ | /ɕwi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hóng | shuǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^4$ | seoi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡloːŋ qʰʷljilʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 水 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shuǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sywij$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j) |
| English | water; river |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 洪 | 水 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4156 | 11948 |
| Phonetic component | 共 | 水 |
| Rime group | 東 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 洪 | 水 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡloːŋ/ | /*qʰʷljilʔ/ |

### Noun

洪水
* flood (usually disastrous overflow from a body of water); flooding; floodwater
    容易鬧洪水／容易闹洪水 ― róngyì nào hóngshuǐ ― to be prone to flooding
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Hóngshuǐ mángmáng, Yǔ fū xià tǔ fāng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Xīzhě Yǔ yì hóngshuǐ, ér tiānxià píng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Wen Xuan, 6th century CE
    Chén wén hóngshuǐ héngliú, dì sī bǐ yì, páng qiú sìfāng, yǐ zhāo xián jùn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 做大水
* 大水 (dàshuǐ)
* 水浸 (seoi2 zam3) (Cantonese)
* 水災／水灾 (shuǐzāi)
* 洪災／洪灾 (hóngzāi)
* 漲水／涨水
* 鴻水／鸿水 (hóngshuǐ) (literary)

#### Derived terms

* 大洪水 (dàhóngshuǐ)
* 洪水攻擊／洪水攻击 (hóngshuǐ gōngjī)
* 洪水期
* 洪水猛獸／洪水猛兽 (hóngshuǐměngshòu)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 洪水(こうずい) (kōzui)
* → Korean: 홍수(洪水) (hongsu)
* → Vietnamese: hồng thuỷ (洪水)

#### See also

* 乾旱／干旱 (gānhàn)

### References

* “Entry #86862”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 洪 | 水 |
| こう Grade: S | すい > ずい Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーずい [kòózúí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) こーずい [kóꜜòzùì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ko̞ːzɨi]

### Noun

洪(こう)水(ずい) • (kōzui)
* flood
    現代(げんだい)は情報(じょうほう)の洪水(こうずい)だ。
       Gendai wa jōhō no kōzui da.
       The current time is the flood of information.
** 2015 September 14, Kaori Shoji, “When disaster strikes in Japan, keep calm and carry a diaper”, in The Japan Times‎, retrieved 2023-04-11:The Japanese disaster comes in many forms, and saigai include tensai (天災, literally, heaven-sent disasters — i.e., natural ones) like jishin (地震, earthquakes), kōzui (洪水, floods) and kaji (火事, fires).

#### Synonyms

* 大水(おおみず) (ōmizu)
* 氾濫(はんらん) (hanran)

#### See also

* 津(つ)波(なみ) (tsunami, “tsunami”)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 洪 | 水 |

### Noun

洪水 • (hongsu) (hangeul 홍수)
* hanja form of 홍수 (“flood”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 洪 | 水 |

### Noun

洪水
* chữ Hán form of hồng thuỷ (“flood”).