# 囹圄
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): língyǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄩˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ling$^4$ jyu$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: língyǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: língyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ling$^2$-yü$^3$
*** Yale: líng-yǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lingyeu
*** Palladius: линъюй (linʺjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /liŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$囹圄 靈雨／灵雨 陵雨
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ling$^4$ jyu$^5$
*** Yale: lìhng yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ling$^4$ jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ling$^4$ yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɪŋ²¹ jyː¹³/
* Middle Chinese: leng ngjoX
Rime :
| Character | 囹 | 圄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 郎丁切 | 魚巨切 |
| Baxter | leng | ngjoX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /leŋ/ | /ŋɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /leŋ/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɛŋ/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛjŋ/ | /ŋɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /leŋ/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lieŋ/ | /ŋĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /lieŋ/ | /ŋi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | líng | yǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ling$^4$ | jyu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ ŋaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 圄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-qʰ<r>aʔ/ |
| English | prison |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 囹 | 圄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 8289 | 13160 |
| Phonetic component | 令 | 五 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 靈 | 語 |
| Old Chinese | /*reːŋ/ | /*ŋaʔ/ |

### Noun

囹圄
* (literary) prison; jail

#### Synonyms

* 大牢 (dàláo) (archaic)
* 清室 (qīngshì) (archaic)
* 牢 (láo)
* 牢房 (láofáng)
* 牢獄／牢狱 (láoyù)
* 班房 (bānfáng) (colloquial)
* 監房／监房 (jiānfáng)
* 監牢／监牢 (jiānláo)
* 監獄／监狱 (jiānyù)
* 鐵屋／铁屋 (tiěwū) (literary, figurative)

#### Derived terms

* 囹圄充積／囹圄充积
* 囹圄生草
* 囹圄空虛／囹圄空虚
* 草滿囹圄／草满囹圄
* 身陷囹圄 (shēnxiànlíngyǔ)
* 陷身囹圄

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 囹(れい)圄(ぎょ) (reigyo); 囹(れい)圄(ご) (reigo)
* → Korean: 영어(囹圄) (yeong'eo)
* → Vietnamese: linh ngữ (囹圄), linh ngự (囹圄)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 囹 | 圄 |
| れい Hyōgai | ぎょ Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 囹圉
Kanji in this term :
| 囹 | 圄 |
| れい Hyōgai | ご Hyōgai |
| kan'on | goon |
* Alternative spelling
* 囹圉

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 囹圄 (MC leng ngjoX).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) れーぎょ [réꜜègyò] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) れーご [réꜜègò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɾe̞ːɡʲo̞]
* IPA: [ɾe̞ːɡo̞]

### Noun

囹(れい)圄(ぎょ) or 囹(れい)圄(ご) • (reigyo or reigo)
* prison

#### Synonyms

* 監(かん)獄(ごく) (kangoku), 牢(ろう)屋(や) (rōya), 牢(ろう) (rō)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 囹 | 圄 |

### Noun

囹圄 • (yeong'eo) (hangeul 영어)
* hanja form of 영어 (“prison”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 囹 | 圄 |

### Noun

囹圄
* chữ Hán form of linh ngữ (“prison”).