# 刑戮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xínglù
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^4$ luk$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xínglù
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sínglù
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^2$-lu$^4$
*** Yale: syíng-lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngluh
*** Palladius: синлу (sinlu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$型錄／型录 行路
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^4$ luk$^6$
*** Yale: yìhng luhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^4$ luk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^4$ lug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ²¹ lʊk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: heng ljuwk
Rime :
| Character | 刑 | 戮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 戸經切 | 力竹切 |
| Baxter | heng | ljuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦeŋ/ | /lɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦeŋ/ | /liuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɛŋ/ | /liuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛjŋ/ | /luwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣeŋ/ | /liuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣieŋ/ | /lĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣieŋ/ | /li̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xíng | lù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^4$ | luk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤeŋ [r]iwk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːŋ rɯwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 刑 | 刑 | 戮 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xíng | xíng | lù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ heng › | ‹ heng › | ‹ ljuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/ | /*[r]iwk/ |
| English | punish(ment) | model, form | kill |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 刑 | 戮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6861 | 8401 |
| Phonetic component | 井 | 翏 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㓝 | 六 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡeːŋ/ | /*rɯwɢ/ |

### Noun

刑戮
* (literary) punishment and execution
    From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3rd century BCE, translated based on J.J.L. Duyvendak's version
    Gù xínglù zhě, suǒyǐ zhǐ jiān yě; ér guānjué zhě, suǒyǐ quàn gōng yě. [Pinyin]
    So punishments and executions are the means whereby wickedness is stopped, and office and rank are the means whereby merit is encouraged.
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ wèi Nán Róng, “Bāng yǒu dào, bù fèi; bāng wú dào, miǎn yú xínglù.” Yǐ qí xiōng zhī zǐ qì zhī. [Pinyin]
    The Master said of Nan Rong that if the country were well governed he would not be out of office, and if it were ill governed, he would escape punishment and disgrace. He gave him the daughter of his own elder brother to wife.
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
    Gù guójiā cánwáng, shēn wéi xínglù, zōngmiào pòmiè, jué wú hòulèi. [Pinyin]
    Therefore their states were ruined and they were executed, their ancestral temples were destroyed and descendants annihilated.