# 服膺
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fúyīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk$^6$ jing$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fúyīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fúying
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^2$-ying$^1$
*** Yale: fú-yīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwuing
*** Palladius: фуин (fuin)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu³⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fuk$^6$ jing$^1$
*** Yale: fuhk yīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fuk$^9$ jing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fug$^6$ ying$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊk̚² jɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: bjuwk 'ing
Rime :
| Character | 服 | 膺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 房六切 | 於陵切 |
| Baxter | bjuwk | 'ing |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨuk̚/ | /ʔɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biuk̚/ | /ʔɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuk̚/ | /ʔieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buwk̚/ | /ʔiŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /biuk̚/ | /ʔiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭuk̚/ | /ĭəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱi̯uk̚/ | /ʔi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fú | yīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fuk$^6$ | jing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək [q](r)əŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ qɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 服 | 膺 |
| Reading # | 3/4 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fú | yīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bjuwk › | ‹ ʔing › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ək/ | /*[q](r)əŋ/ |
| English | subdue, submit | breast(plate); oppose |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 服 | 膺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3366 | 15348 |
| Phonetic component | 服 | 鷹 |
| Rime group | 職 | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 伏 | 膺 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯɡ/ | /*qɯŋ/ |

### Verb

服膺
* (literary) to bear in mind and be deeply convinced of; to keep firmly in mind have sincere belief in

#### Derived terms

* 拳拳服膺

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 服 | 膺 |
| ふく Grade: 3 | よう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふくよー [fùkúyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟jo̞ː]

### Noun

服(ふく)膺(よう) • (fukuyō)
* bearing in mind

#### Derived terms

* 拳拳服膺(けんけんふくよう) (kenken fukuyō)

### Verb

服(ふく)膺(よう)する • (fukuyō suru) suru (stem 服(ふく)膺(よう)し (fukuyō shi), past 服(ふく)膺(よう)した (fukuyō shita))
* bear in mind

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 服膺し | ふくようし | fukuyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 服膺し | ふくようし | fukuyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 服膺する | ふくようする | fukuyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 服膺する | ふくようする | fukuyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 服膺すれ | ふくようすれ | fukuyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 服膺せよ¹ 服膺しろ² | ふくようせよ¹ ふくようしろ² | fukuyō seyo¹ fukuyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 服膺される | ふくようされる | fukuyō sareru |
| Causative | 服膺させる 服膺さす | ふくようさせる ふくようさす | fukuyō saseru fukuyō sasu |
| Potential | 服膺できる | ふくようできる | fukuyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 服膺しよう | ふくようしよう | fukuyō shiyō |
| Negative | 服膺しない | ふくようしない | fukuyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 服膺せず | ふくようせず | fukuyō sezu |
| Formal | 服膺します | ふくようします | fukuyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 服膺した | ふくようした | fukuyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 服膺して | ふくようして | fukuyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 服膺すれば | ふくようすれば | fukuyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN