# 京師
## Chinese
### Etymology

According to Gongyang Zhuan, Duke Huan's 9th year:
    Jīngshī zhě hé? Tiānzǐ zhī jū yě. Jīng zhě hé? Dà yě. Shī zhě hé? Zhòng yě. Tiānzǐ zhī jū, bì yǐ zhòngdà zhī cí yán zhī. [Pinyin]
    What is jīngshī ("京師")? It's where the Son of Heaven dwells. What is jīng("京")? It means greatness ("大"). What is shī ("師")? It means the multitude ("眾"). Where the Son of Heaven dwells surely should be called by the diction for the multitude's greatness ("眾大").

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīngshī
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^1$ si$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshī
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jingshih
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$-shih$^1$
*** Yale: jīng-shr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingshy
*** Palladius: цзинши (czinši)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^1$ si$^1$
*** Yale: gīng sī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^1$ si$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^1$ xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kjaeng srij
Rime :
| Character | 京 | 師 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 舉卿切 | 疏夷切 |
| Baxter | kjaeng | srij |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiæŋ/ | /ʃˠiɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiaŋ/ | /ʃᵚi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiaŋ/ | /ʃiɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiajŋ/ | /ʂji/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɐŋ/ | /ʃji/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐŋ/ | /ʃi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ɐŋ/ | /ʂi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīng | shī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ging$^1$ | si$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋ srij/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraŋ sri/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 京 | 師 | 師 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīng | shī | shī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjæng › | ‹ srij › | ‹ srij › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]raŋ/ | /*srij/ | /*srij/ |
| English | hill; capital city | army | master |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 京 | 師 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6828 | 11433 |
| Phonetic component | 京 | 師 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 驚 | 師 |
| Old Chinese | /*kraŋ/ | /*sri/ |

### Noun

京師
* (literary) capital city; the capital
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Huì cǐ jīngshī, yǐ suī sìguó. [Pinyin]
    Let us cherish this capital, to secure the repose of the States in the four quarters.

#### Synonyms

* 上國／上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
* 京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
* 京華／京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
* 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
* 京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
* 國家／国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
* 國都／国都 (guódū)
* 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
* 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
* 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
* 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
* 神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
* 都城 (dūchéng)
* 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
* 都門／都门 (dūmén) (literary)
* 鎬京／镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
* 長安／长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)
* 首都 (shǒudū)

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: kinh sư (京師)