# 傷心
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shāngxīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤ ㄒㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^1$ sam$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sông-sîm
    (Meixian, Guangdong): song$^1$ xim$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): sióng-séng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siong-sim / siang-sim
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siên$^1$ sim$^1$ / sion$^1$ sim$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$saon-shin$_1$ / $^1$saon-sin$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shāngxīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤ ㄒㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shangsin
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^1$-hsin$^1$
*** Yale: shāng-syīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shangshin
*** Palladius: шансинь (šansinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^1$ sam$^1$
*** Yale: sēung sām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^1$ sam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^1$ sem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông-sîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: song$^ˊ$ xim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^1$ xim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: song$^1$ xim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sióng-séng
*** Sinological IPA : /siɔŋ⁵⁴ seiŋ⁵⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siong-sim
*** Tâi-lô: siong-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siongsym
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ³³ sim³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siang-sim
*** Tâi-lô: siang-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siangsym
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siên$^1$ sim$^1$ / sion$^1$ sim$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sieⁿ sim / sioⁿ sim
*** Sinological IPA : /sĩẽ³³⁻²³ sim³³/, /sĩõ³³⁻²³ sim³³/
* siên1 sim1 - Chaozhou;
* sion1 sim1 - Jieyang.
* Middle Chinese: syang sim
Rime :
| Character | 傷 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 式羊切 | 息林切 |
| Baxter | syang | sim |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨɐŋ/ | /siɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɐŋ/ | /sim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiɑŋ/ | /sjem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕɨaŋ/ | /sim/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiaŋ/ | /siəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭaŋ/ | /sĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯aŋ/ | /si̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shāng | xīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^1$ | sam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥aŋ səm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljaŋ slɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 傷 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shāng | xīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syang › | ‹ sim › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥aŋ/ | /*səm/ |
| English | wound | heart |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 傷 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14581 | 13801 |
| Phonetic component | 昜 | 心 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 商 | 心 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljaŋ/ | /*slɯm/ |

### Adjective

傷心
* sad; grieved; brokenhearted
       Wǒ yuè xiǎng yuè juéde shāngxīn. [Pinyin]
       The more I think, the sadder I feel.

#### Synonyms

* 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
* 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
* 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
* 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
* 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
* 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
* 刺心 (cìxīn)
* 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
* 哀切 (āiqiè)
* 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
* 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
* 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
* 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
* 哀痛 (āitòng)
* 心酸 (xīnsuān)
* 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
* 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
* 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
* 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
* 悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
* 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
* 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
* 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
* 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
* 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
* 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
* 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
* 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
* 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
* 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
* 悲戚 (bēiqī)
* 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
* 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
* 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
* 悲痛 (bēitòng)
* 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
* 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
* 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
* 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
* 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
* 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
* 慘／惨 (cǎn)
* 憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
* 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
* 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
* 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
* 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
* 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
* 沉痛 (chéntòng)
* 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
* 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
* 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
* 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
* 淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
* 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
* 痛心 (tòngxīn)
* 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
* 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
* 酸心 (suānxīn)
* 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
* 難過／难过 (nánguò)
* 青凊 (Hokkien)
* 黯然 (ànrán)

### Verb

傷⫽心 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to break the heart of someone; to make someone sad; to aggrieve
       Nándào nǐ bù zhīdào nǐ xiànzài yǐjīng shāng le hěn duō rén de xīn ma? [Pinyin]
       Don’t you know that you have broken the hearts of many people?
    From: 《琴賦》(A Composition on the Qin) by Ji Kang (223–262); 1941 translation by Robert van Gulik
    Shìgù huái qī zhě wén zhī, mòbù cǎnlǐn cǎnqī, qiǎochuàng shāngxīn. [Pinyin]
    If the downcast hear this music, they will all be sorrowful and pained, grief will wound their hearts, and they cannot refrain from mournful wails.

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 傷(しょう)心(しん) (shōshin)
* → Korean: 상심(傷心) (sangsim)
* → Vietnamese: thương tâm (傷心)