# sukuma
## Northern Ndebele
### Verb

-súkúma
* to stand up

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Shabo
### Noun

sukuma
* belly

### See also

* jukuma

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-sukuma (infinitive kusukuma)
* to push

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -sukuma :
| Positive present | -nasukuma |
| Subjunctive | -sukume |
| Negative | -sukumi |
| Imperative singular | sukuma |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kusukuma |
| Negative | kutosukuma |
Imperatives :
| Singular | sukuma |
| Plural | sukumeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | husukuma |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lisukuma |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kusukuma |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tasukuma |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tasukuma |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sisukume |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngesukuma |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singesukuma |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalisukuma |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalisukuma |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mesukuma |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshasukuma |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jasukuma |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kisukuma |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -siposukuma |
| Consecutive | kasukuma / positive subject concord + -kasukuma |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kasukume |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Nominal derivations:
** msukumo (“pressure; impulse, impetus”)
** sukuma wiki

## Swazi
### Verb

-súkúma
* to stand up

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-sukuma$^?$
* (intransitive) to stand up, to get up, to rise

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukusukuma |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukusukuma | ukungasukumi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | sukuma | -sukume |
| Plural | sukumani | -sukumeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyasukuma, ngisukuma | engisukumayo, engisukuma | ngisukuma | angisukumi | engingasukumi | ngingasukumi |
| 2nd singular | uyasukuma, usukuma | osukumayo, osukuma | usukuma | awusukumi | ongasukumi | ungasukumi |
| 1st plural | siyasukuma, sisukuma | esisukumayo, esisukuma | sisukuma | asisukumi | esingasukumi | singasukumi |
| 2nd plural | niyasukuma, nisukuma | enisukumayo, enisukuma | nisukuma | anisukumi | eningasukumi | ningasukumi |
| Class 1 | uyasukuma, usukuma | osukumayo, osukuma | esukuma | akasukumi | ongasukumi | engasukumi |
| Class 2 | bayasukuma, basukuma | abasukumayo, abasukuma | besukuma | abasukumi | abangasukumi | bengasukumi |
| Class 3 | uyasukuma, usukuma | osukumayo, osukuma | usukuma | awusukumi | ongasukumi | ungasukumi |
| Class 4 | iyasukuma, isukuma | esukumayo, esukuma | isukuma | ayisukumi | engasukumi | ingasukumi |
| Class 5 | liyasukuma, lisukuma | elisukumayo, elisukuma | lisukuma | alisukumi | elingasukumi | lingasukumi |
| Class 6 | ayasukuma, asukuma | asukumayo, asukuma | esukuma | awasukumi | angasukumi | engasukumi |
| Class 7 | siyasukuma, sisukuma | esisukumayo, esisukuma | sisukuma | asisukumi | esingasukumi | singasukumi |
| Class 8 | ziyasukuma, zisukuma | ezisukumayo, ezisukuma | zisukuma | azisukumi | ezingasukumi | zingasukumi |
| Class 9 | iyasukuma, isukuma | esukumayo, esukuma | isukuma | ayisukumi | engasukumi | ingasukumi |
| Class 10 | ziyasukuma, zisukuma | ezisukumayo, ezisukuma | zisukuma | azisukumi | ezingasukumi | zingasukumi |
| Class 11 | luyasukuma, lusukuma | olusukumayo, olusukuma | lusukuma | alusukumi | olungasukumi | lungasukumi |
| Class 14 | buyasukuma, busukuma | obusukumayo, obusukuma | busukuma | abusukumi | obungasukumi | bungasukumi |
| Class 15 | kuyasukuma, kusukuma | okusukumayo, okusukuma | kusukuma | akusukumi | okungasukumi | kungasukumi |
| Class 17 | kuyasukuma, kusukuma | okusukumayo, okusukuma | kusukuma | akusukumi | okungasukumi | kungasukumi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngisukumile, ngisukumē | engisukumile, engisukumē | ngisukumile, ngisukumē | angisukumanga | engingasukumanga | ngingasukumanga |
| 2nd singular | usukumile, usukumē | osukumile, osukumē | usukumile, usukumē | awusukumanga | ongasukumanga | ungasukumanga |
| 1st plural | sisukumile, sisukumē | esisukumile, esisukumē | sisukumile, sisukumē | asisukumanga | esingasukumanga | singasukumanga |
| 2nd plural | nisukumile, nisukumē | enisukumile, enisukumē | nisukumile, nisukumē | anisukumanga | eningasukumanga | ningasukumanga |
| Class 1 | usukumile, usukumē | osukumile, osukumē | esukumile, esukumē | akasukumanga | ongasukumanga | engasukumanga |
| Class 2 | basukumile, basukumē | abasukumile, abasukumē | besukumile, besukumē | abasukumanga | abangasukumanga | bengasukumanga |
| Class 3 | usukumile, usukumē | osukumile, osukumē | usukumile, usukumē | awusukumanga | ongasukumanga | ungasukumanga |
| Class 4 | isukumile, isukumē | esukumile, esukumē | isukumile, isukumē | ayisukumanga | engasukumanga | ingasukumanga |
| Class 5 | lisukumile, lisukumē | elisukumile, elisukumē | lisukumile, lisukumē | alisukumanga | elingasukumanga | lingasukumanga |
| Class 6 | asukumile, asukumē | asukumile, asukumē | esukumile, esukumē | awasukumanga | angasukumanga | engasukumanga |
| Class 7 | sisukumile, sisukumē | esisukumile, esisukumē | sisukumile, sisukumē | asisukumanga | esingasukumanga | singasukumanga |
| Class 8 | zisukumile, zisukumē | ezisukumile, ezisukumē | zisukumile, zisukumē | azisukumanga | ezingasukumanga | zingasukumanga |
| Class 9 | isukumile, isukumē | esukumile, esukumē | isukumile, isukumē | ayisukumanga | engasukumanga | ingasukumanga |
| Class 10 | zisukumile, zisukumē | ezisukumile, ezisukumē | zisukumile, zisukumē | azisukumanga | ezingasukumanga | zingasukumanga |
| Class 11 | lusukumile, lusukumē | olusukumile, olusukumē | lusukumile, lusukumē | alusukumanga | olungasukumanga | lungasukumanga |
| Class 14 | busukumile, busukumē | obusukumile, obusukumē | busukumile, busukumē | abusukumanga | obungasukumanga | bungasukumanga |
| Class 15 | kusukumile, kusukumē | okusukumile, okusukumē | kusukumile, kusukumē | akusukumanga | okungasukumanga | kungasukumanga |
| Class 17 | kusukumile, kusukumē | okusukumile, okusukumē | kusukumile, kusukumē | akusukumanga | okungasukumanga | kungasukumanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāsukuma | engāsukuma | ngāsukuma | angisukumanga | engingasukumanga | ngingasukumanga |
| 2nd singular | wāsukuma | owāsukuma | wāsukuma | awusukumanga | ongasukumanga | ungasukumanga |
| 1st plural | sāsukuma | esāsukuma | sāsukuma | asisukumanga | esingasukumanga | singasukumanga |
| 2nd plural | nāsukuma | enāsukuma | nāsukuma | anisukumanga | eningasukumanga | ningasukumanga |
| Class 1 | wāsukuma | owāsukuma | āsukuma | akasukumanga | ongasukumanga | engasukumanga |
| Class 2 | bāsukuma | abāsukuma | bāsukuma | abasukumanga | abangasukumanga | bengasukumanga |
| Class 3 | wāsukuma | owāsukuma | wāsukuma | awusukumanga | ongasukumanga | ungasukumanga |
| Class 4 | yāsukuma | eyāsukuma | yāsukuma | ayisukumanga | engasukumanga | ingasukumanga |
| Class 5 | lāsukuma | elāsukuma | lāsukuma | alisukumanga | elingasukumanga | lingasukumanga |
| Class 6 | āsukuma | āsukuma | āsukuma | awasukumanga | angasukumanga | engasukumanga |
| Class 7 | sāsukuma | esāsukuma | sāsukuma | asisukumanga | esingasukumanga | singasukumanga |
| Class 8 | zāsukuma | ezāsukuma | zāsukuma | azisukumanga | ezingasukumanga | zingasukumanga |
| Class 9 | yāsukuma | eyāsukuma | yāsukuma | ayisukumanga | engasukumanga | ingasukumanga |
| Class 10 | zāsukuma | ezāsukuma | zāsukuma | azisukumanga | ezingasukumanga | zingasukumanga |
| Class 11 | lwāsukuma | olwāsukuma | lwāsukuma | alusukumanga | olungasukumanga | lungasukumanga |
| Class 14 | bāsukuma | obāsukuma | bāsukuma | abusukumanga | obungasukumanga | bungasukumanga |
| Class 15 | kwāsukuma | okwāsukuma | kwāsukuma | akusukumanga | okungasukumanga | kungasukumanga |
| Class 17 | kwāsukuma | okwāsukuma | kwāsukuma | akusukumanga | okungasukumanga | kungasukumanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingasukuma | — | ngingasukuma | ngingesukume | — | ngingesukume |
| 2nd singular | ungasukuma | — | ungasukuma | ungesukume | — | ungesukume |
| 1st plural | singasukuma | — | singasukuma | singesukume | — | singesukume |
| 2nd plural | ningasukuma | — | ningasukuma | ningesukume | — | ningesukume |
| Class 1 | angasukuma | — | engasukuma | angesukume | — | engesukume |
| Class 2 | bangasukuma | — | bengasukuma | bangesukume | — | bengesukume |
| Class 3 | ungasukuma | — | ungasukuma | ungesukume | — | ungesukume |
| Class 4 | ingasukuma | — | ingasukuma | ingesukume | — | ingesukume |
| Class 5 | lingasukuma | — | lingasukuma | lingesukume | — | lingesukume |
| Class 6 | angasukuma | — | engasukuma | angesukume | — | engesukume |
| Class 7 | singasukuma | — | singasukuma | singesukume | — | singesukume |
| Class 8 | zingasukuma | — | zingasukuma | zingesukume | — | zingesukume |
| Class 9 | ingasukuma | — | ingasukuma | ingesukume | — | ingesukume |
| Class 10 | zingasukuma | — | zingasukuma | zingesukume | — | zingesukume |
| Class 11 | lungasukuma | — | lungasukuma | lungesukume | — | lungesukume |
| Class 14 | bungasukuma | — | bungasukuma | bungesukume | — | bungesukume |
| Class 15 | kungasukuma | — | kungasukuma | kungesukume | — | kungesukume |
| Class 17 | kungasukuma | — | kungasukuma | kungesukume | — | kungesukume |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizosukuma | engizosukuma | ngizosukuma | angizusukuma | engingezusukuma | ngingezusukuma |
| 2nd singular | uzosukuma | ozosukuma | uzosukuma | awuzusukuma | ongezusukuma | ungezusukuma |
| 1st plural | sizosukuma | esizosukuma | sizosukuma | asizusukuma | esingezusukuma | singezusukuma |
| 2nd plural | nizosukuma | enizosukuma | nizosukuma | anizusukuma | eningezusukuma | ningezusukuma |
| Class 1 | uzosukuma | ozosukuma | ezosukuma | akazusukuma | ongezusukuma | engezusukuma |
| Class 2 | bazosukuma | abazosukuma | bezosukuma | abazusukuma | abangezusukuma | bengezusukuma |
| Class 3 | uzosukuma | ozosukuma | uzosukuma | awuzusukuma | ongezusukuma | ungezusukuma |
| Class 4 | izosukuma | ezosukuma | izosukuma | ayizusukuma | engezusukuma | ingezusukuma |
| Class 5 | lizosukuma | elizosukuma | lizosukuma | alizusukuma | elingezusukuma | lingezusukuma |
| Class 6 | azosukuma | azosukuma | ezosukuma | awazusukuma | angezusukuma | engezusukuma |
| Class 7 | sizosukuma | esizosukuma | sizosukuma | asizusukuma | esingezusukuma | singezusukuma |
| Class 8 | zizosukuma | ezizosukuma | zizosukuma | azizusukuma | ezingezusukuma | zingezusukuma |
| Class 9 | izosukuma | ezosukuma | izosukuma | ayizusukuma | engezusukuma | ingezusukuma |
| Class 10 | zizosukuma | ezizosukuma | zizosukuma | azizusukuma | ezingezusukuma | zingezusukuma |
| Class 11 | luzosukuma | oluzosukuma | luzosukuma | aluzusukuma | olungezusukuma | lungezusukuma |
| Class 14 | buzosukuma | obuzosukuma | buzosukuma | abuzusukuma | obungezusukuma | bungezusukuma |
| Class 15 | kuzosukuma | okuzosukuma | kuzosukuma | akuzusukuma | okungezusukuma | kungezusukuma |
| Class 17 | kuzosukuma | okuzosukuma | kuzosukuma | akuzusukuma | okungezusukuma | kungezusukuma |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyosukuma | engiyosukuma | ngiyosukuma | angiyusukuma | engingeyusukuma | ngingeyusukuma |
| 2nd singular | uyosukuma | oyosukuma | uyosukuma | awuyusukuma | ongeyusukuma | ungeyusukuma |
| 1st plural | siyosukuma | esiyosukuma | siyosukuma | asiyusukuma | esingeyusukuma | singeyusukuma |
| 2nd plural | niyosukuma | eniyosukuma | niyosukuma | aniyusukuma | eningeyusukuma | ningeyusukuma |
| Class 1 | uyosukuma | oyosukuma | eyosukuma | akayusukuma | ongeyusukuma | engeyusukuma |
| Class 2 | bayosukuma | abayosukuma | beyosukuma | abayusukuma | abangeyusukuma | bengeyusukuma |
| Class 3 | uyosukuma | oyosukuma | uyosukuma | awuyusukuma | ongeyusukuma | ungeyusukuma |
| Class 4 | iyosukuma | eyosukuma | iyosukuma | ayiyusukuma | engeyusukuma | ingeyusukuma |
| Class 5 | liyosukuma | eliyosukuma | liyosukuma | aliyusukuma | elingeyusukuma | lingeyusukuma |
| Class 6 | ayosukuma | ayosukuma | eyosukuma | awayusukuma | angeyusukuma | engeyusukuma |
| Class 7 | siyosukuma | esiyosukuma | siyosukuma | asiyusukuma | esingeyusukuma | singeyusukuma |
| Class 8 | ziyosukuma | eziyosukuma | ziyosukuma | aziyusukuma | ezingeyusukuma | zingeyusukuma |
| Class 9 | iyosukuma | eyosukuma | iyosukuma | ayiyusukuma | engeyusukuma | ingeyusukuma |
| Class 10 | ziyosukuma | eziyosukuma | ziyosukuma | aziyusukuma | ezingeyusukuma | zingeyusukuma |
| Class 11 | luyosukuma | oluyosukuma | luyosukuma | aluyusukuma | olungeyusukuma | lungeyusukuma |
| Class 14 | buyosukuma | obuyosukuma | buyosukuma | abuyusukuma | obungeyusukuma | bungeyusukuma |
| Class 15 | kuyosukuma | okuyosukuma | kuyosukuma | akuyusukuma | okungeyusukuma | kungeyusukuma |
| Class 17 | kuyosukuma | okuyosukuma | kuyosukuma | akuyusukuma | okungeyusukuma | kungeyusukuma |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngisukume | ngingasukumi |
| 2nd singular | usukume | ungasukumi |
| 1st plural | sisukume | singasukumi |
| 2nd plural | nisukume | ningasukumi |
| Class 1 | asukume | angasukumi |
| Class 2 | basukume | bangasukumi |
| Class 3 | usukume | ungasukumi |
| Class 4 | isukume | ingasukumi |
| Class 5 | lisukume | lingasukumi |
| Class 6 | asukume | angasukumi |
| Class 7 | sisukume | singasukumi |
| Class 8 | zisukume | zingasukumi |
| Class 9 | isukume | ingasukumi |
| Class 10 | zisukume | zingasukumi |
| Class 11 | lusukume | lungasukumi |
| Class 14 | busukume | bungasukumi |
| Class 15 | kusukume | kungasukumi |
| Class 17 | kusukume | kungasukumi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngasukuma | ngangasukuma, angasukuma, angangasukuma |
| 2nd singular | wasukuma | wangasukuma, awasukuma, awangasukuma |
| 1st plural | sasukuma | sangasukuma, asasukuma, asangasukuma |
| 2nd plural | nasukuma | nangasukuma, anasukuma, anangasukuma |
| Class 1 | wasukuma | wangasukuma, akasukuma, akangasukuma |
| Class 2 | basukuma | bangasukuma, abasukuma, abangasukuma |
| Class 3 | wasukuma | wangasukuma, awasukuma, awangasukuma |
| Class 4 | yasukuma | yangasukuma, ayasukuma, ayangasukuma |
| Class 5 | lasukuma | langasukuma, alasukuma, alangasukuma |
| Class 6 | asukuma | angasukuma, awasukuma, awangasukuma |
| Class 7 | sasukuma | sangasukuma, asasukuma, asangasukuma |
| Class 8 | zasukuma | zangasukuma, azasukuma, azangasukuma |
| Class 9 | yasukuma | yangasukuma, ayasukuma, ayangasukuma |
| Class 10 | zasukuma | zangasukuma, azasukuma, azangasukuma |
| Class 11 | lwasukuma | lwangasukuma, alwasukuma, alwangasukuma |
| Class 14 | basukuma | bangasukuma, abasukuma, abangasukuma |
| Class 15 | kwasukuma | kwangasukuma, akwasukuma, akwangasukuma |
| Class 17 | kwasukuma | kwangasukuma, akwasukuma, akwangasukuma |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sukuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sukuma (3.2.9)”