# 商民
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shāngmín
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^1$ man$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shāngmín
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄤ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shangmín
*** Wade–Giles: shang$^1$-min$^2$
*** Yale: shāng-mín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shangmin
*** Palladius: шанминь (šanminʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^1$ man$^4$
*** Yale: sēung màhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^1$ man$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^1$ men$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: syang mjin
Rime :
| Character | 商 | 民 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 式羊切 | 彌鄰切 |
| Baxter | syang | mjin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨɐŋ/ | /miɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɐŋ/ | /min/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiɑŋ/ | /mjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕɨaŋ/ | /min/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiaŋ/ | /miĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭaŋ/ | /mĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯aŋ/ | /mi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shāng | mín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^1$ | man$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-taŋ mi[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljaŋ min/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 商 | 商 | 商 | 民 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shāng | shāng | shāng | mín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syang › | ‹ syang › | ‹ syang › | ‹ mjin › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-taŋ/ | /*s-taŋ/ | /*s-taŋ/ | /*mi[ŋ]/ |
| English | musical note | (place name) | estimate; business; trader | people |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 商 | 民 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11097 | 9130 |
| Phonetic component | 商 | 民 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 商 | 民 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljaŋ/ | /*min/ |

### Noun

商民
* (formal) merchant
    From: 1927, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《湖南農民運動考察報告》 (Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
    Chūxí de rén, xiànzhǎng yǐwài, wéi xiàn nóngmín xiéhuì, xiàn zǒnggōnghuì, xiàn shāngmín xiéhuì, xiàn nǚjiè liánhéhuì, xiàn jiàozhíyuán liánhéhuì, xiàn xuéshēng liánhéhuì yǐjí Guómíndǎng xiàn dǎngbù de dàibiǎomen. [Pinyin]
    Besides the magistrate himself, the people attending are the representatives of the county peasant association, trade union council, merchant association, women's association, school staff association, student association and Kuomintang headquarters.

#### Synonyms

* 商人 (shāngrén)
* 商家佬 (soeng$^1$ gaa$^1$ lou$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 生意人 (shēngyirén)
* 生意佬 (saang$^1$ ji$^3$ lou$^2$, “businessman”) (Cantonese)
* 生理人 (Hakka, Hokkien)
* 老客 (lǎokè) (literary)
* 賈人／贾人 (gǔrén) (literary)

#### Descendants

* → Korean: 상민(商民) (sangmin)