# 扭

| 扭 | U+626D, &#25197; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-626D |
| ← 扬 [U+626C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 扮 → [U+626E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

扭 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手弓土 (QNG), four-corner 5701$_5$, composition ⿰扌丑)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 418, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11826
* Dae Jaweon: page 765, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1845, character 3
* Unihan data for U+626D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 峱 | *nuː |
| 紐 | *nuʔ |
| 扭 | *nuʔ, *tnuʔ |
| 狃 | *nuʔ, *nus |
| 鈕 | *nuʔ |
| 忸 | *nuʔ, *nuɡ |
| 杻 | *nuʔ, *n̥ʰuʔ |
| 莥 | *nuʔ |
| 羞 | *snu |
| 丑 | *n̥ʰuʔ |
| 沑 | *njuʔ, *nuɡ |
| 粈 | *njuʔ |
| 衄 | *nuɡ, *njuɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ, *tnuʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): niǔ (niu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nau$^2$ / nau$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiú / neú
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liú / niú / ngiú / láu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): niu$^2$ / nao$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$gnieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niǒu
*** Wade–Giles: niu$^3$
*** Yale: nyǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neou
*** Palladius: ню (nju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nau$^2$ / nau$^5$
*** Yale: náu / náuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nau$^2$ / nau$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: neo$^2$ / neo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɐu̯³⁵/, /nɐu̯¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiú / neú
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiu$^ˋ$ / neu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiu$^3$ / neu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯u³¹/, /neu̯³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liú
*** Tâi-lô: liú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liu⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niú
*** Tâi-lô: niú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niuo
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /niũ⁵³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /niũ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /niũ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngiú
*** Tâi-lô: ngiú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngiuo
*** IPA (Taipei): /ŋiũ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋiũ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu
*** Tâi-lô: láu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lao
*** IPA (Taipei): /lau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lau⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: niu$^2$ / nao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niú / nău
*** Sinological IPA : /niu⁵²/, /nau³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$gnieu
*** MiniDict: nyeu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$'nyieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲiɤ⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: nrjuwX, trjuwX
Rime :
| Character | 扭 | 扭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 女久切 | 陟柳切 |
| Baxter | nrjuwX | trjuwX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳɨu$^X$/ | /ʈɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳiu$^X$/ | /ʈiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niəu$^X$/ | /ȶiəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳuw$^X$/ | /ʈuw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /niu$^X$/ | /ȶiu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭəu$^X$/ | /ȶĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ni̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /ȶi̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | niǔ | zhǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nau$^5$ | zau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*nuʔ/, /*tnuʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 扭 | 扭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1518 | 1525 |
| Phonetic component | 丑 | 丑 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 狃 | 肘 |
| Old Chinese | /*nuʔ/ | /*tnuʔ/ |

### Definitions

扭
* to turn around
    From: Shi Nai'an, Water Margin, circa 14th century CE
    Yáng Zhì tīng de gōngxián xiǎng, niǔ huí shēn, jiù ān shàng bǎ nà zhī jiàn zhǐ yī chāo, chāo zài shǒu lǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to twist; to wrench
    瓶蓋扭不開／瓶盖扭不开 ― pínggài niǔ bù kāi ― unable to open a bottle cap
       nau$^2$ gon$^1$ di$^1$ tiu$^4$ mou$^4$ gan$^1$ laa$^1$ [Jyutping]
       wring the towel drier
* to sprain
    把腳踝扭傷了／把脚踝扭伤了 ― bǎ jiǎohuái niǔ shāng le ― to have sprained my angle
    扭嚫條腰／扭𰈍条腰 [Cantonese] ― nau$^2$ can$^1$ tiu$^4$ jiu$^1$ [Jyutping] ― sprained my back
* to swing (one's body)
    扭屁股 ― niǔ pìgǔ ― to shake one's butt
    一扭一扭地走路 ― yī niǔ yī niǔ de zǒulù ― to walk with a rolling gait
* to seize; to grapple with
* crooked; not straight

#### Synonyms

* (to twist) 擰／拧 (nǐng)

### Compounds

* 一不扭眾／一不扭众
* 七扭八歪
* 七歪八扭
* 別扭／别扭
* 彆扭／别扭
* 扭來扭去／扭来扭去
* 扭傷／扭伤 (niǔshāng)
* 扭別／扭别
* 扭力 (niǔlì)
* 扭勁／扭劲
* 扭動／扭动 (niǔdòng)
* 扭嘴兒／扭嘴儿
* 扭手扭腳／扭手扭脚
* 扭打 (niǔdǎ)
* 扭扭屹屹
* 扭扭舞
* 扭扭薯條／扭扭薯条 (niǔniǔ shǔtiáo)
* 扭捏 (niǔnie)
* 扭掠 (liú-lia̍h) (Min Nan)
* 扭搜
* 扭搭
* 扭擰／扭拧
* 扭斷／扭断
* 扭是為非／扭是为非
* 扭曲 (niǔqū)
* 扭曲作直
* 扭橋／扭桥
* 扭筋
* 扭結／扭结
* 扭股兒糖／扭股儿糖
* 扭腔
* 扭腰
* 扭腰撒胯
* 扭腰舞
* 扭臀 (niǔtún)
* 扭虧／扭亏
* 扭蛋 (niǔdàn)
* 扭計／扭计
* 扭身
* 扭轉／扭转 (niǔzhuǎn)
* 扭送 (niǔsòng)
* 扭開／扭开
* 扭項／扭项
* 扭頭折頸／扭头折颈
* 扭頭暴筋／扭头暴筋
* 扭頭瞥項／扭头瞥项
* 揪扭
* 東扭西捏／东扭西捏
* 歪七扭八
* 歪歪扭扭 (wāiwāiniǔniǔ)
* 結扭／结扭
* 鬧彆扭／闹别扭

### References

* “扭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* turn
* twist
* wrench
* seize
* grasp

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): じゅう (jū)、にゅ (nyu)、ちゅう (chū)、ちゅ (chu)
* Kun: ねじまわす (nejimawasu)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

扭: Hán Nôm readings: nữu, níu, nửu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.