# 插

| 插 | U+63D2, &#25554; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63D2 |
| ← 揑 [U+63D1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 揓 → [U+63D3] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 挿 |
| Simplified | 插 |
| Traditional | 插 |

### Han character

插 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 手竹十難 (QHJX), four-corner 5207$_7$, composition ⿰扌臿)

#### Derived characters

* 𠿂

#### Related characters

* 挿 (Japanese shinjitai)
* 揷 (Variant form)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 441, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12346
* Dae Jaweon: page 792, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1918, character 5
* Unihan data for U+63D2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 偛 | *ʔsreːb |
| 插 | *sʰreːb |
| 鍤 | *sʰreːb, *r̥ʰeb |
| 臿 | *sʰreːb |
| 喢 | *sʰreːb, *sreːb, *sreb, *l̥ʰjeb |
| 牐 | *zreːb |
| 歃 | *sreːb, *sreb |
| 敮 | *hreːb |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chā (cha$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caap$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhap
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cab$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): chă
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhah / chhap
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cah$^4$ / cab$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tshaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chā
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cha
*** Wade–Giles: chʻa$^1$
*** Yale: chā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
*** Palladius: ча (ča)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caap$^3$
*** Yale: chaap
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaap$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cab$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːp̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhap
*** Hakka Romanization System: cab$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰap̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰap̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chă
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰa²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhah / chhap
*** Tâi-lô: tshah / tshap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaq, zhab
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰap̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/, /t͡sʰap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰap̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰap̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰap̚³²/
* chhah - vernacular (“to poke, to participate, to support someone, to pin something, to wager, to kidnap”);
* chhap - literary (“to interfere; to take notice of; to mix up; to shuffle”).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit插 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴⁴/ ～上門 /ʈ͡ʂʰa²¹³/ ～手 |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sʰɑ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡sʰa²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰa¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰa¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡sʰa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰa³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰa²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰa̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡sʰʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡sʰa²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰaʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰɔ⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰa²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sʰɒ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰap̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰɑp̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰap̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰap̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰap̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰap̚³²/ /t͡sʰaʔ³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰɑʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰa²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰap̚²/ /t͡sʰaʔ²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sa⁵⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsrheap
Rime :
| Character | 插 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 洽 (152) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 楚洽切 |
| Baxter | tsrheap |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠɛp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰəɨp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰɐp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰɐp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰăp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cha |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caap$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-[tsʰ]<r>op/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 插 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrhɛp › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə-[tsʰ]<r>op/ |
| English | insert |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 插 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1190 |
| Phonetic component | 臿 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 插 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰreːb/ |

### Definitions

插
* to stick into; to insert; to poke; to pierce
    把紅旗插上頂峰／把红旗插上顶峰 ― bǎ hóng qí chā shàng dǐngfēng ― to stick the red flag into the summit
    插支香 [Cantonese] ― caap$^3$ zi$^1$ hoeng$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to stand up a joss stick
* to interpose; to insert; to cut in
       Tā tūrán chā le yījù. [Pinyin]
       She suddenly cut in to speak.
* to participate; to take part in; to mix; to mingle
* (literary) to plant
* (Cantonese) to scold; to criticize
* (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) to take notice of; to pay attention to; to heed
* (Southern Min) to support someone by the armpit
* (Hokkien) to interfere; to intervene; to meddle
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to pin something to one's waist, etc.
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to mix up; to jumble up
* (Mainland China Hokkien, card games) to shuffle
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to bet; to wager
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to kidnap (for ransom)
* Alternative form of 鍤／锸 (chā, “spade; shovel”)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 罵 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 罵, 啳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 罵 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 罵 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 罵 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 罵, 啳 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 罵, 噘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 罵 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 罵, 通 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 罵 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 罵 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 抽, 噘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鬧, 㨘, 插, 屌 vulgar |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鬧, 㨘, 插, 屌 vulgar |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 怒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 嗌 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 數 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 嬲 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 嬲 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 嬲 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 嬲 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 鬧 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 嬲 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 罵 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 罵, 嘟 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 鬧 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 罵 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 罵 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 罵 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 罵, 詈 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 罵, 嚗 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 罵, 詈 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 罵, 詈 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 罵, 詈 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 罵 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 罵, 姦 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 罵, 𧮙 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 罵, 咅 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 罵, 咅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 罵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 罵 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 罵 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 罵 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 𧮙 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 𧮙, 謴 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 罵, 咒, 反 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 咒, 罵 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 理, 管, 睬, 理睬, 理會 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 理, 搭理, 搭咯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 理, 管 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 理, 管 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 理, 搭理 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 招, 理 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 理, 睬, 理視, 耳視, 張視 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 邇, 理, 睬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 理 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 睬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 理, 睬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 睬, 理, 騷 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 睬, 理, 騷 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 理, 睬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 理 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 理, 搭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 睬, 唰 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 理, 理睬 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 理 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 叕, 插 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 插, 插趖, 插潲, 插管, 管待, 嘀厾, 理落 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 插, 插趖, 插潲, 嘀厾 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 插, 插潲, 插管, 管待 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 插, 管, 管待 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 插潲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 插, 插潲, 管, 插管, 甩 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 插, 插潲, 管 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 睬 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 理 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 睬 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 插 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 理 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 睬, 理 rare |
| Wu | Suzhou | 理, 睬 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 朝, 理 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 齒 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 齒, 搭, 邇 |
* (to shuffle): 洗 (xǐ)

### Compounds

* 下插定
* 倒插
* 倒插門／倒插门 (dàochāmén)
* 央央插插
* 安插 (ānchā)
* 小插曲
* 恓恓插插
* 打諢插科／打诨插科
* 插一腳／插一脚
* 插入 (chārù)
* 插口 (chākǒu)
* 插嘴 (chāzuǐ)
* 插圈弄套
* 插圖／插图 (chātú)
* 插天
* 插子
* 插定 (chādìng)
* 插屏 (chāpíng)
* 插座 (chāzuò)
* 插戴 (chādài)
* 插手 (chāshǒu)
* 插扛子
* 插接
* 插插
* 插插花花
* 插播 (chābō)
* 插敘／插叙 (chāxù)
* 插曲 (chāqǔ)
* 插枝 (chāzhī)
* 插架 (chājià)
* 插架萬軸／插架万轴
* 插梳
* 插條／插条 (chātiáo)
* 插槓子／插杠子 (chā gàngzi)
* 插標／插标
* 插火坑
* 插灶
* 插狀／插状
* 插班 (chābān)
* 插畫／插画 (chāhuà)
* 插科使砌
* 插科打諢／插科打诨 (chākēdǎhùn)
* 插秧 (chāyāng)
* 插秧機／插秧机
* 插箭遊營／插箭游营
* 插羽
* 插翅
* 插翅難逃／插翅难逃 (chāchìnántáo)
* 插翅難飛／插翅难飞 (chāchìnánfēi)
* 插腰 (chāyāo)
* 插腳／插脚 (chājiǎo)
* 插舞
* 插花 (chāhuā)
* 插袋
* 插話／插话 (chāhuà)
* 插趣
* 插足 (chāzú)
* 插身 (chāshēn)
* 插金帶銀／插金带银
* 插金披綺／插金披绮
* 插針都插唔入／插针都插唔入
* 插釵／插钗
* 插銷／插销 (chāxiāo)
* 插關兒／插关儿
* 插隊／插队 (chāduì)
* 插頁／插页 (chāyè)
* 插頭／插头 (chātóu)
* 根插
* 無插／无插
* 萬籤插架／万签插架
* 穿插 (chuānchā)
* 端子插頭／端子插头
* 筆插／笔插
* 花插
* 見縫插針／见缝插针 (jiànfèngchāzhēn)
* 誣盜插贓／诬盗插赃
* 遊花插趣／游花插趣
* 門插管兒／门插管儿
* 隨插即用／随插即用

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 挿 |
| Kyūjitai | 插 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 挿)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: さす (sasu, 插す)、はさむ (hasamu, 插む)、さしはさむ (sashihasamu, 插む)、にない (ninai)、とる (toru)

## Korean
### Hanja

插 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

插: Hán Nôm readings: sáp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation