# οὐδέ
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* οὐδ’ (oud’) — apocopic

### Etymology

From οὐ (ou, “not”) + δέ (dé, “but”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uː.dé/ → /uˈðe/ → /uˈðe/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /uː.dé/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /uˈde/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /uˈðe/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /uˈðe/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /uˈðe/

### Conjunction

οὐδέ • (oudé)
* (mostly answering to μέν (mén)) but not
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.138
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.418
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.21
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.25
* (more often) and not, nor
** (without a negative preceding)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.375
*** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 324
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 756
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.97
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.95
*** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Pr.716
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 2
*** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 39
** (with a simple negative preceding)
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.379
*** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.226
*** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 691
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.215
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.55
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Androtion 4

### Adverb

οὐδέ • (oudé)
* not even, not at all
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.386
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.354
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.27
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.141, (compare Odyssey 21.288)
** 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 137–138
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.10
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.56
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.263
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.351
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 97A
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 499A
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.3.50
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.374
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.32

### Usage notes

When οὐδέ (oudé) is repeated at the beginning of two clauses, the first is often adverbial and the second is a conjunction. It may also follow οὔτε (oúte), as an anacoluthon.

### Descendants

* → Coptic: ⲟⲩⲇⲉ (oude)

### References

* “οὐδέ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “οὐδέ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “οὐδέ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* οὐδέ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* οὐδέ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “οὐδέ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G3761 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. even idem, page 284.neither . . . nor idem, page 555.not idem, page 562.