# 瞠

| 瞠 | U+77A0, &#30624; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77A0 |
| ← 瞟 [U+779F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 瞡 → [U+77A1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

瞠 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 月山火月土 (BUFBG), four-corner 6901$_4$, composition ⿰目堂)
* look at
* stare at
* gaze at

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 816, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23651
* Dae Jaweon: page 1229, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2510, character 7
* Unihan data for U+77A0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 當 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 襠 | *taːŋ |
| 鐺 | *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 簹 | *taːŋ |
| 璫 | *taːŋ |
| 檔 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 儅 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 蟷 | *taːŋ |
| 擋 | *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs |
| 黨 | *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 讜 | *taːŋʔ |
| 欓 | *taːŋʔ |
| 譡 | *taːŋs |
| 闣 | *taːŋs |
| 瓽 | *taːŋs |
| 鏜 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 闛 | *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ |
| 鼞 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 曭 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 儻 | *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs |
| 戃 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 矘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 爣 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 攩 | *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs |
| 淌 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 倘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 躺 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 趟 | *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 堂 | *daːŋ |
| 坣 | *daːŋ |
| 棠 | *daːŋ |
| 糛 | *daːŋ |
| 螳 | *daːŋ |
| 隚 | *daːŋ |
| 橖 | *daːŋ |
| 掌 | *tjaŋʔ |
| 廠 | *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs |
| 敞 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 僘 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 氅 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 常 | *djaŋ |
| 嘗 | *djaŋ |
| 裳 | *djaŋ |
| 徜 | *djaŋ |
| 尚 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 甞 | *djaŋ |
| 鋿 | *djaŋ |
| 嫦 | *djaŋ |
| 償 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 賞 | *hjaŋʔ |
| 瞠 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 撐 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 樘 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 橕 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 牚 | *rtʰaːŋs |
| 埫 | *tʰoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 堂 (OC *daːŋ).

### Etymology

Also occurs in Thai ถลึง (tlʉ̌ng, “to stare fiercely”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chēng, zhèng (cheng$^1$, zheng$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥ, ㄓㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caang$^1$ / zaang$^1$ / tong$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): theng / thiⁿ / theⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cheng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^1$
*** Yale: chēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheng
*** Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèng
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$
*** Yale: jèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenq
*** Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caang$^1$ / zaang$^1$ / tong$^4$
*** Yale: chāang / jāang / tòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaang$^1$ / dzaang$^1$ / tong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cang$^1$ / zang$^1$ / tong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡saːŋ⁵⁵/, /tʰɔːŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: theng
*** Tâi-lô: thing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tefng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: thinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tvy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: theⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: thenn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tvef
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
* theng - literary;
* thiⁿ/theⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: trhaeng
Rime :
| Character | 瞠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 徹 (10) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 丑庚切 |
| Baxter | trhaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈʰˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʰᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶʰaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈʰaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶʰɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶʰɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶʰɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cang$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰˤraŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rtʰaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 瞠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trhæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰˁraŋ/ |
| English | stare |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 瞠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11166 |
| Phonetic component | 尚 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瞠 |
| Old Chinese | /*rtʰaːŋ/ |

### Definitions

瞠
* to stare at; to gaze at; to glare at

### Compounds

* 目瞠口哆
* 瞠乎其後／瞠乎其后 (chēnghūqíhòu)
* 瞠乎後矣／瞠乎后矣
* 瞠目 (chēngmù)
* 瞠目結舌／瞠目结舌 (chēngmùjiéshé)
* 瞠目而視／瞠目而视
* 瞠視／瞠视 (chēngshì)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* stare intently

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちょう (chō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kan’yō-on: どう (dō)
* Kun: みはる (miharu, 瞠る)

## Korean
### Hanja

瞠 • (dang, cheong) (hangeul 당, 청, revised dang, cheong, McCune–Reischauer tang, ch'ŏng, Yale tang, cheng)
* look at
* stare at
* gaze at

## Vietnamese
### Han character

瞠: Hán Nôm readings: xanh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation