# 違憲
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wéixiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^4$ hin$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ûi-hiàn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wéixiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wéisiàn
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^2$-hsien$^4$
*** Yale: wéi-syàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weishiann
*** Palladius: вэйсянь (vɛjsjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$為限／为限 違憲／违宪
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^4$ hin$^3$
*** Yale: wàih hin
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^4$ hin$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^4$ hin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²¹ hiːn³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-hiàn
*** Tâi-lô: uî-hiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ui'hiexn
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³⁻³³ hiɛn²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɛn¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: hjw+j xjonH
Rime :
| Character | 違 | 憲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) | 元 (65) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 雨非切 | 許建切 |
| Baxter | hjw+j | xjonH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʉi/ | /hɨɐn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɨi/ | /hiɐn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuəi/ | /xiɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuj/ | /hɨan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuəi/ | /xiɐn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwəi/ | /xĭɐn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /we̯i/ | /xɨ̯ɐn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wéi | xiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^4$ | hin$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[j] qʰar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯl hŋans/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 違 | 憲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wéi | xiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwɨj › | ‹ xjon$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷə[j]/ | /*qʰar/ (~ *qʰar-s) |
| English | go against | law; model; rule |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 違 | 憲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12815 | 4849 |
| Phonetic component | 韋 | 害 |
| Rime group | 微 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 幃 | 獻 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷɯl/ | /*hŋans/ |

### Verb

違憲
* (literary) to violate the law
* to violate the constitution; to be unconstitutional

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to violate the constitution”): 合憲／合宪 (héxiàn)

#### Derived terms

* 違憲性／违宪性 (wéixiànxìng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 違 | 憲 |
| い Grade: S | けん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いけん [ìkéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ikẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

違(い)憲(けん) • (iken)
* unconstitutionality
    婚(こん)外(がい)子(し)の相(そう)続(ぞく)差(さ)別(べつ)は違(い)憲(けん)である。
       Kongaishi no sōzoku sabetsu wa iken de aru.
       Discrimination against illegitimate heirs is unconstitutional.

#### Antonyms

* 合(ごう)憲(けん) (gōken)

#### Derived terms

* 憲(い)法(けん)違(はん)反(けつ) (iken hanketsu)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 違 | 憲 |

### Noun

違憲 • (wiheon) (hangeul 위헌)
* hanja form of 위헌