# viņš
## Latgalian
### Pronoun

viņš m
* that one, that, the other one, the other

## Latvian
### Etymology

There are several theories on the origin of this word. According to some, it has the same origin as one: Proto-Baltic *winyas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁iH-n-os, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos, *éynos, *ínos (possibly from *h₁ey-, *ey-, *i- (“that; he”)), made into a yo-stem and with an extra initial w-.
Others suggest a connection with Old Prussian winna (“outside”) (possibly < *winnā < *winnān), from wins (“air (outside)”), derived from a possible Proto-Baltic *vina-.
A more recent suggestion is that viņš results from a compound of an older *vin (“outside”) and *jis (“he”), hence *vin-j(i)s > viņš. *jis cognate to Latgalian jis and Lithuanian jis. *vin cognate to Old Prussian winna and Old Church Slavonic вънѣ (vŭně, “outside”). The feminine viņa forming accordingly *vin-ja > viņa, pointing to an earlier Latvian *ja (“she”), probably formed by analogy with an older Proto-Baltic *jās (“pl. she”). The dialectal (Pilda Latgalian) forms veńìs (masc.), veńei (fem.) lends this theory support, as they appear constructed identically but with cognate Latgalian forms Latgalian jis (“he”) and Latgalian jei (“she”). The declension also bears resemblence to Latgalian and Lithuanian cognates.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [viɲʃ]
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### Pronoun

viņš (personal, 3rd person singular masculine) (fem. viņa, masc. pl. viņi, fem. pl. viņas)
* he; third person pronoun, referring to someone other than the speaker or addressee
    ienāca lektors, viņu saņēma aplausiem ― the lecturer came in, (the audience) received him with applause
    to sacīja viņa tēvs ― his father said that
    Blaumanis aizbrauca uz Valmieru; tur notika “Indrānu” izrāde, kurā arī viņam pašam bija loma ― Blaumanis went to Valmiera; there was the “Indrāni” show, in which he himself had (= played) a part
* his (in the genitive, as part of certain titles)
    viņa eminence, majestāte, augstība ― his eminence, majesty, highness
* he (referring to masculine animals, objects, etc.)
    sunim nezin kas uznācis, sāka pa vakariem gaudot, tā ka vajadzēja aizvest uz riju un ieslodzīt pelavu pūnītē, tur viņš gan vaimanāja vēl skaļāk ― the dog didn't know what come up, began to howl in the evening, so that it was necessary to take him to the barn and lock him up, (and) there he howled even louder
* (usually as a non-nominative determiner) that, the other (one); distal demonstrative
    viņā malā, galā, puse ― on the other bank, end, side
    aiziet līdz viņam stūriem ― to go up to that, the other corner
    viņās dienās ― in those days (= in earlier days, in the past)
    viņos laikos ― in those times (= in old, ancient times)
    te pa ceļu no viņas puses kāds brauc ― here on the road someone is going (by) from the other side

#### Related terms

* viņējs

#### See also

* vietniekvārds
* Personal pronouns (personu vietniekvārdi): es - tu - viņš - viņa - mēs - jūs - viņi - viņas

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “viņš”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN