# 破綻
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pòzhàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ ㄓㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): po$^3$ zaan$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phò͘-tiān / phò-tiān
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pòzhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ ㄓㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pòjhàn
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^4$-chan$^4$
*** Yale: pwò-jàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pohjann
*** Palladius: почжань (počžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: po$^3$ zaan$^6$
*** Yale: po jaahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: po$^3$ dzaan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: po$^3$ zan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔː³³ t͡saːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phò͘-tiān
*** Tâi-lô: phòo-tiān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phordien
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phò-tiān
*** Tâi-lô: phò-tiān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoirdien
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰo²¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn²²/

### Noun

破綻
* burst, hole or tear in cloth
* (figurative) mistake or gap in a speech or theory; flaw; weak point
       Tā bùxiǎoxīn lòuchū le pòzhàn. [Pinyin]
       He wasn't careful enough to cover all the flaws (in his story).

#### Synonyms

* (gap): 漏洞 (lòudòng), 馬腳／马脚 (mǎjiǎo); (Hokkien) 破隙

#### Derived terms

* 破綻百出／破绽百出
* 賣個破綻／卖个破绽
* 露出破綻／露出破绽

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 破 | 綻 |
| は Grade: 5 | たん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 破たん

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はたん [hàtáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠tã̠ɴ]

### Noun

破(は)綻(たん) • (hatan)
* bankruptcy, ruination
    団体(だんたい)の破綻(はたん)
       dantai no hatan
       the ruination of an organization
* failure, breakdown
    計画(けいかく)の破綻(はたん)
       keikaku no hatan
       the failure of a plan

#### Synonyms

* (bankruptcy): 破産(はさん) (hasan)
* (failure): 失敗(しっぱい) (shippai)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “failure”): 成功(せいこう) (seikō)

### Verb

破(は)綻(たん)する • (hatan suru) suru (stem 破(は)綻(たん)し (hatan shi), past 破(は)綻(たん)した (hatan shita))
* go bankrupt; be ruined
* fall apart, fail (applied to a relationship or system)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 破綻し | はたんし | hatan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 破綻し | はたんし | hatan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 破綻する | はたんする | hatan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 破綻する | はたんする | hatan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 破綻すれ | はたんすれ | hatan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 破綻せよ¹ 破綻しろ² | はたんせよ¹ はたんしろ² | hatan seyo¹ hatan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 破綻される | はたんされる | hatan sareru |
| Causative | 破綻させる 破綻さす | はたんさせる はたんさす | hatan saseru hatan sasu |
| Potential | 破綻できる | はたんできる | hatan dekiru |
| Volitional | 破綻しよう | はたんしよう | hatan shiyō |
| Negative | 破綻しない | はたんしない | hatan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 破綻せず | はたんせず | hatan sezu |
| Formal | 破綻します | はたんします | hatan shimasu |
| Perfective | 破綻した | はたんした | hatan shita |
| Conjunctive | 破綻して | はたんして | hatan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 破綻すれば | はたんすれば | hatan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 破 | 綻 |

### Noun

破綻 • (patan) (hangeul 파탄)
* hanja form of 파탄 (“failure; breakdown”)