# 分離
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēnlí
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄌㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^1$ lei$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûn-lì
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hun-lî / hun-lī / pun-lî / pun-lī
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēnlí
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄌㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fenlí
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^1$-li$^2$
*** Yale: fēn-lí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenli
*** Palladius: фэньли (fɛnʹli)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵⁵ li³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^1$ lei$^4$
*** Yale: fān lèih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^1$ lei$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^1$ léi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-lì
*** Hakka Romanization System: fun$^ˊ$ li$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fun$^1$ li$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fun²⁴ li¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-lî
*** Tâi-lô: hun-lî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunlii
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ li²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ li²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ li²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² li²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² li¹³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-lī
*** Tâi-lô: hun-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunli
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pun-lî
*** Tâi-lô: pun-lî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: punlii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pun⁴⁴⁻²² li²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pun³³ li²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pun⁴⁴⁻²² li¹³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pun-lī
*** Tâi-lô: pun-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: punli
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pun⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³/

### Verb

分離
* to separate; to segregate; to sever
    分離式道路／分离式道路 ― fēnlí shì dàolù ― split road
* to leave; to part; to separate

#### Synonyms

* (to leave):
* 分別／分别 (fēnbié)
* 別離／别离 (biélí) (literary)
* 離別／离别 (líbié)

#### Derived terms

* 分離主義／分离主义 (fēnlí zhǔyì)
* 分離器／分离器 (fēnlíqì)
* 分離式／分离式 (fēnlíshì)
* 分離焦慮／分离焦虑
* 政教分離／政教分离 (zhèngjiào fēnlí)
* 破鏡分離／破镜分离
* 身首分離／身首分离
* 離心分離機／离心分离机
* 首身分離／首身分离
* 骨肉分離／骨肉分离

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 分 | 離 |
| ぶん Grade: 2 | り Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぶんり [bùńrí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [bɯ̟̃n̺ɾʲi]

### Noun

分(ぶん)離(り) • (bunri)
* separation
    有効成分(ゆうこうせいぶん)の分離(ぶんり)に成功(せいこう)した。
       Yūkō seibun no bunri ni seikō shita.
       We succeeded in the separation of the effective components. → We succeeded in extracting the effective components.
* segregation
* selectivity or sensitivity in a radio or similar device for certain frequencies
    この受信機(じゅしんき)の分離(ぶんり)がよい。
       Kono jushinki no bunri ga yoi.
       This receiver has good sensitivity / tunes in well (to a signal).

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “separation”): 結合, 統合, 編入

#### Derived terms

* 分離課税(ぶんりかぜい) (bunri kazei, “separate taxation”)
* 分離機(ぶんりき) (bunriki, “a separator (a device)”)
* 遠心分離機(えんしんぶんりき) (enshin bunriki, “a centrifuge”)
* 分離帯(ぶんりたい) (bunritai, “a separator (a band or strip dividing two things)”)
* 中央分離帯(ちゅうおうぶんりたい) (chūō bunritai, “(UK) a (central) reservation, (US) a median strip”)
* 分離派(ぶんりは) (bunriha, “a separatist group; a member of a separatist group”)
* 分離不定詞(ぶんりふていし) (bunri futeishi, “a split infinitive”)
* 分離論者(ぶんりろんしゃ) (bunrironsha, “a secessionist”)
* 分離論(ぶんりろん) (bunriron, “secessionism”)
* 分離者(ぶんりしゃ) (bunrisha, “a secessionist”)
* 政教分離(せいきょうぶんり) (seikyō bunri, “separation of church and state”)
* 人種的分離(じんしゅてきぶんり) (jinshuteki bunri, “racial segregation”)
* 性別的分離(せいべつてきぶんり) (seibetsuteki bunri, “gender segregation”)
* 分離主義者(ぶんりしゅぎしゃ) (bunri shugisha, “a segregationist”)
* 神仏分離(しんぶつぶんり) (shinbutsu bunri, “separation of Shintoism and Buddhism; w:shinbutsu bunri”)

### Verb

分(ぶん)離(り)する • (bunri suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 分(ぶん)離(り)し (bunri shi), past 分(ぶん)離(り)した (bunri shita))
* to separate
* to segregate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 分離し | ぶんりし | bunri shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 分離し | ぶんりし | bunri shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 分離する | ぶんりする | bunri suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 分離する | ぶんりする | bunri suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 分離すれ | ぶんりすれ | bunri sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 分離せよ¹ 分離しろ² | ぶんりせよ¹ ぶんりしろ² | bunri seyo¹ bunri shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 分離される | ぶんりされる | bunri sareru |
| Causative | 分離させる 分離さす | ぶんりさせる ぶんりさす | bunri saseru bunri sasu |
| Potential | 分離できる | ぶんりできる | bunri dekiru |
| Volitional | 分離しよう | ぶんりしよう | bunri shiyō |
| Negative | 分離しない | ぶんりしない | bunri shinai |
| Negative continuative | 分離せず | ぶんりせず | bunri sezu |
| Formal | 分離します | ぶんりします | bunri shimasu |
| Perfective | 分離した | ぶんりした | bunri shita |
| Conjunctive | 分離して | ぶんりして | bunri shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 分離すれば | ぶんりすれば | bunri sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.