# 刖

| 刖 | U+5216, &#21014; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5216 |
| ← 刕 [U+5215] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 列 → [U+5217] |

## Translingual
### Han character

刖 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 月中弓 (BLN), four-corner 7220$_0$, composition ⿰月刂)
* cutting off feet as form of punishment

#### Derived characters

* 𰸌, 𠈛, 𰎗, 𦮯, 前, 俞, 𪠰, 𥦹, 𡠔, 𧫌, 𠟖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 137, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1900
* Dae Jaweon: page 309, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 327, character 7
* Unihan data for U+5216

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 刖
* Shang
* Oracle bone script
| | Old Chinese |
| 刖 | *ŋroːd, *ŋod, *ŋuːd |
| 枂 | *ŋoːd, *ŋod |
| 月 | *ŋod |
| 跀 | *ŋod |
| 抈 | *ŋod |
| 鈅 | *ŋod |
| 玥 | *ŋod |
| 蚏 | *ɢod |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋroːd, *ŋod, *ŋuːd) : phonetic 月 (OC *ŋod) + semantic 刂.

### Etymology

Related to 兀 (OC *ŋuːd, “to cut the feet”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuè (yue$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): goa̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uag$^8$ / ghuêh$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
*** Wade–Giles: yüeh$^4$
*** Yale: ywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
*** Palladius: юэ (jue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyut$^6$
*** Yale: yuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyt$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goa̍t
*** Tâi-lô: gua̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡuat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡuat̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuat̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡuat̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuat̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: uag$^8$ / ghuêh$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ua̍k / gue̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /uak̚⁴/, /ɡueʔ⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ngjwot, ngwot, ngwaet
Rime :
| Character | 刖 | 刖 | 刖 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 疑 (31) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 月 (68) | 沒 (56) | 黠 (72) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I | II |
| Fanqie | 魚厥切 | 五忽切 | 五刮切 |
| Baxter | ngjwot | ngwot | ngwaet |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋʉɐt̚/ | /ŋuət̚/ | /ŋˠuat̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷiɐt̚/ | /ŋuot̚/ | /ŋʷᵚat̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiuɐt̚/ | /ŋuət̚/ | /ŋuɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuat̚/ | /ŋwət̚/ | /ŋwaɨt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiuɐt̚/ | /ŋuət̚/ | /ŋuat̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭwɐt̚/ | /ŋuət̚/ | /ŋwat̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋi̯wɐt̚/ | /ŋuət̚/ | /ŋwăt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuè | wù | wà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyut$^6$ | ngat$^6$ | ngaat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷˤ<r>at/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋroːd/, /*ŋod/, /*ŋuːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 刖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngwæt › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]ʷˁ<r>at/ |
| English | amputate a foot |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 刖 | 刖 | 刖 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 16317 | 16320 | 16327 |
| Phonetic component | 月 | 月 | 月 |
| Rime group | 月 | 月 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 刖 | 月 | 兀 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋroːd/ | /*ŋod/ | /*ŋuːd/ |

### Definitions

刖
* (historical) to cut off one or both feet as a form of punishment, one of the 五刑 (wǔxíng, “Five Punishments”)
    See also: 剕

### Compounds

* 刖刑
* 刖足 (yuèzú)
* 刖足適屨／刖足适屦
* 刖趾適屨／刖趾适屦

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* severing a foot as a punishment

#### Readings

(Can this etymology be sourced?)
* Go-on: がち (gachi)、ごち (gochi)
* Kan-on: がつ (gatsu)、げつ (getsu)、ごつ (gotsu)
* Kun: きる (kiru, 刖る)、あやうい (ayaui, 刖い)

## Korean
### Hanja

刖 (eum 월 (wol))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

刖: Hán Nôm readings: nguyệt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation