# نشم
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Unknown.
An equation with Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem or terms reconstructed for it, Old Armenian թեղի (tʻełi), Ancient Greek πτελέα (pteléa), all meaning “elm”, is possible, per a communication of Lameen Souag.
Federico Corriente’s Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou reckons it possible to equate the Arabic dendronym, which in the Middle Ages encompassed نَشَم أَسْوَد (našam ʔaswad, “elm”, literally “black elm”) and نَشَم أَبْيَض (našam ʔabyaḍ, “nettle tree”, literally “white elm”) (else called قَيْقَب (qayqab) and مَيْس (mays)), with Egyptian nšmt meaning types of “feldspar”, a variety of minerals widely occurring in the earth and employed to carve items, sharing thus properties and functions of the woods of the trees, a particular colour of which or the multifarity of colours of which would have stood model for Hebrew תִּנְשֶׁמֶת (tinšémeṯ, “chameleon”), elsewhere לֶשֶׁם (léšem, “probably amazonite”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na.ʃam/

#### Noun

نَشَم • (našam) m (collective, singulative نَشَمَة f (našama), plural أَنْشَام (ʔanšām))
* elm (Ulmus spp.)
    Synonyms: شَجَر البَقّ (šajar al-baqq), دَرْدَار (dardār), بُوقِيصَا (būqīṣā)
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 4, pages 154–155:ويغرس في المواضع الرطب الكبيرة والندوة منها النشم والغرب والصفيراء والأيرج والميس والرند ويتوخى أن يكون شجر الأترج في مواضع مستور عن الريح الجوفية والريح الغربية مكشوف للريح القبلية.One plants on moist, spacious and humid places there elms, willows, planetree maples, citrons, hackberries, and laurels, and it is to be taken care that the citron is covered from northern and western winds and open for southeastern winds.

##### Descendants

* Sicilian: Niscemi
** Italian: Niscemi

#### References

* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1264
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “نشم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 674
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “نشم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 283–284
* Hoffmeier, James K. (2023) “Further Reflections on Egyptian Influences on the Early Hebrews—Priestly Matters”, in Linguistic and Philological Studies of the Hebrew Bible and its Manuscripts in Honor of Gary A. Rendsburg (Studia Semitica Neerlandica; 75)‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
* Souag, Lameen (2016 July 25) “Darja notes: Elms and kids' morphology”, in Jabal al-Lughat‎, archived from the original on 15 February 2018

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

نشم (form I)
* نَشَمُّ (našammu) /na.ʃam.mu/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
* نُشَمُّ (nušammu) /nu.ʃam.mu/: first-person plural non-past passive indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
* نَشَمَّ (našamma) /na.ʃam.ma/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
* نُشَمَّ (nušamma) /nu.ʃam.ma/: first-person plural non-past passive subjunctive/jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
* نَشَمِّ (našammi) /na.ʃam.mi/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
* نُشَمِّ (nušammi) /nu.ʃam.mi/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
* نَشُمُّ (našummu) /na.ʃum.mu/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
* نَشُمَّ (našumma) /na.ʃum.ma/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
* نَشُمِّ (našummi) /na.ʃum.mi/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)