# ⲧⲥⲟ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲧⲥⲁ (tsa) — Fayyumic

### Etymology

Causative of ⲥⲱ (sō, “to drink”), from Demotic ty-swr, from Egyptian djt-swr, the latter from Egyptian zwr (“to drink”). A causative formation using Egyptian djt (“infinitive of rḏj (“to give”)”) and Coptic ⲥⲱ (sō, “to drink”).

### Verb

ⲧⲥⲟ • (tso) (nominal state (A) ⲧⲥⲉ–)
* (Akhmimic, Bohairic, Sahidic) to slake, give to drink

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲥⲟ tso | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲥⲟ tso |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ tm̄tso, tm̄n̄tso | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄n̄tso |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲥⲟ titso | ⲕⲧⲥⲟ ktso | ⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ tetso | ϥⲧⲥⲟ ftso | ⲥⲧⲥⲟ stso | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ tn̄tso | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ tetn̄tso | ⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟ setso | ⲧⲥⲟ tso |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ eïtso | ⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ ektso | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ eretso | ⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ eftso | ⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ estso | ⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ entso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etetn̄tso | ⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ eutso | ⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ e- tso, ere- tso |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲥⲟ etitso | ⲉⲧⲕⲧⲥⲟ etktso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ etetso, eteretso | ⲉⲧϥⲧⲥⲟ etftso | ⲉⲧⲥⲧⲥⲟ etstso | ⲉⲧⲛⲧⲥⲟ etntso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etetn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ etoutso | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ete- tso, etere- tso |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ naïtso | ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ naktso | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ naretso | ⲛⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ naftso | ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ nastso | ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ nantso | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ natetn̄tso | ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ nautso | ⲛⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ na- tso, nare- tso |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ aitso | ⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ aktso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ aretso | ⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ aftso | ⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ astso | ⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ antso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ aretentso | ⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ autso | ⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲁⲣ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ a- tso, ar- tso, are- tso |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tinatso | ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ knatso | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tenatso | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ fnatso | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ snatso | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tn̄natso | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tetnatso | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ senatso | ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ natso |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ eïnatso | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ eknatso | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ erenatso | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ efnatso | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ esnatso | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ennatso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etetnatso | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ eunatso | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ e- natso |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etinatso | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etknatso | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etenatso, eterenatso | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etfnatso | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etsnatso | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etnnatso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etetnatso | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etounatso | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ete- natso |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ naïnatso | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ naknatso | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ narenatso | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nafnatso | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nasnatso | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nannatso | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ netetnatso | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ naunatso | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ na- natso |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ainatso | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ aknatso, eknatso | ⲁⲣⲁⲧⲥⲟ aratso | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ afnatso | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ asnatso | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ annatso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ aretennatso | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ aunatso | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ a- natso, are- natso |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ aïtso | ⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ aktso | ⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ artso | ⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ aftso | ⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ astso | ⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ antso | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ atetn̄tso | ⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ autso | ⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ a- tso |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ m̄pitso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pk̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄petso, m̄pr̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pf̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄ps̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pn̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄petn̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ m̄poutso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pe- tso |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ eaïtso | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ eaktso | ⲉⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ eartso | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ eaftso | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ eastso | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ eantso | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ eatetn̄tso | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ eautso | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ ea- tso |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ em̄pitso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pk̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄petso, em̄pr̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pf̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄ps̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pn̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄petn̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ em̄poutso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pe- tso |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ etaïtso | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ etaktso | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ etartso | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ etaftso | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ etastso | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ etantso | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etatetn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ etautso | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ eta- tso |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pitso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pk̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄petso, etem̄pr̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pf̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄ps̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄petn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ etem̄poutso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pe- tso |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ neaïtso | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ neaktso | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ neartso | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ neaftso | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ neastso | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ neantso | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ neatetn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ neautso | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ nea- tso |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pitso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pk̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄petso, nem̄pr̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pf̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄ps̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄petn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ nem̄poutso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pe- tso |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ naïtso | ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ naktso | ⲛⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ nartso | ⲛⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ naftso | ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ nastso | ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ nantso | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ natetn̄tso | ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ nautso | ⲛⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ na- tso |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ m̄patitso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄patk̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ m̄patetso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄patf̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pats̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄patn̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄patetn̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ m̄patoutso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pate- tso |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ em̄patitso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄patk̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ em̄patetso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄patf̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pats̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄patn̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄patetn̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ em̄patoutso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pate- tso |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patitso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patk̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patetso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patf̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pats̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patetn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patoutso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pate- tso |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patitso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patk̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patetso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patf̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pats̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patetn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patoutso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pate- tso |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ xareïtso | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ xarektso | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ xaretso | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ xareftso | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ xarestso | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ xarentso | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ xaretetn̄tso | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ xaroutso | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ xare- tso |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ maïtso | ⲙⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ maktso | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ maretso | ⲙⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ maftso | ⲙⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ mastso | ⲙⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ mantso | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ matetn̄tso | ⲙⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ mautso | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲙⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ mare- tso, ma- tso |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ exareïtso | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ exarektso | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ exaretso | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ exareftso | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ exarestso | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ exarentso | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ exaretetn̄tso | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ exaroutso | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ exare- tso |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ emaïtso | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ emaktso | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ emaretso | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ emaftso | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ emastso | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ emantso | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ ematetn̄tso | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ emautso | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ emare- tso, ema- tso |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ etexareïtso, etxareïtso | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ etexarektso, etxarektso | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ etexaretso, etxaretso | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ etexareftso, etxareftso | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ etexarestso, etxarestso | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etexarentso, etxarentso | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etexaretetn̄tso, etxaretetn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ etexaroutso, etxaroutso | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etexare- tso, etxare- tso |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ etemaïtso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ etemaktso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ etemaretso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ etemaftso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ etemastso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ etemantso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etematetn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ etemautso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ etemare- tso, etema- tso |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ nexareïtso | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ nexarektso | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ nexaretso | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ nexareftso | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ nexarestso | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ nexarentso | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nexaretetn̄tso | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ nexaroutso | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nexare- tso |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ nemaïtso | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ nemaktso | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ nemaretso | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ nemaftso | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ nemastso | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ nemantso | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nematetn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ nemautso | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ nemare- tso, nema- tso |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ amaïtso | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ amaktso | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ amaretso | ⲁⲙⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ amaftso | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ amastso | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ amantso | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ amatetn̄tso | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ amautso | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲙⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ amare- tso, ma- tso |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲧⲥⲟ aïatso | ⲁⲕⲁⲧⲥⲟ akatso | ⲁⲣⲁⲧⲥⲟ aratso | ⲁϥⲁⲧⲥⲟ afatso | ⲁⲥⲁⲧⲥⲟ asatso | ⲁⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ anatso | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ atetnatso | ⲁⲩⲁⲧⲥⲟ auatso | ⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ a- tso |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ natso, enatso | ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ nektso, enektso | ⲛⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲥⲟ netso, enetso | ⲛⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ neftso, eneftso | ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ nestso, enestso | ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ nentso, enentso | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ netn̄tso, enetn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ neutso, eneutso | ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ne- tso |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲥⲟ maritso | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ mareftso | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ marestso | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ marn̄tso | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ maroutso | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ mare- tso |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟ mn̄tatso | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ mn̄tf̄tso | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ mn̄ts̄tso | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ mn̄tn̄tso | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ mn̄toutso | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ mn̄te- tso |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟ tatso | ⲕⲧⲥⲟ ktso | ⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ tetso | ϥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⲧⲥⲟ ftso, n̄tftso | ⲥⲧⲥⲟ stso | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ tn̄tso | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ tetn̄tso | ⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ setso, soutso | ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ te- tso |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲥⲟ taritso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ tarektso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ taretso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ tareftso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ tarestso | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ tarn̄tso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ taretetn̄tso | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ taroutso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ tare- tso |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲥⲟ n̄taritso, taritso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ n̄tarektso, tarektso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ n̄taretso, taretso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ n̄tareftso, tareftso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ n̄tarestso, tarestso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ n̄tarn̄tso, tarn̄tso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ n̄taretn̄tso, taretn̄tso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ n̄taroutso, taroutso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ n̄tare- tso, tare- tso |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ šatitso | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šatk̄tso | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ šatetso | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šatf̄tso | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šats̄tso | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šatn̄tso | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šatetn̄tso | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ šatoutso | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ šate- tso |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ aïšatso, eïšatso | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ akšatso, ekšatso | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ arešatso, erešatso | ⲁϥϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϥϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ afšatso, efšatso | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ asšatso, esšatso | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ anšatso, enšatso | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ ašatetn̄tso, ešatetn̄tso | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⲧⲥⲟ aušatso, eušatso | ⲁϣⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ aša- tso, eša- tso |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ aïtso | ⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ aktso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ aretso | ⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ aftso | ⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ astso | ⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ antso | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ atetn̄tso | ⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ autso | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ are- tso |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲥⲟ tso | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲥⲟ tso |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲧⲥⲟ štemtso | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲧⲥⲟ m̀pertso |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲥⲟ titso | ⲕⲧⲥⲟ ktso | ⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ tetso | ϥⲧⲥⲟ ftso | ⲥⲧⲥⲟ stso | ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ tentso | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ tetentso | ⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟ setso | ⲧⲥⲟ tso |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲧⲥⲟ eitso | ⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ ektso | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ eretso | ⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ eftso | ⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ estso | ⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ entso | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ eretentso | ⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ eutso | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ere- tso |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲥⲟ etitso | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ etektso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ etetso | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ eteftso | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ etestso | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etentso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etetentso | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ etoutso | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ete- tso |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ naitso | ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ naktso | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ naretso | ⲛⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ naftso | ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ nastso | ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ nantso | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ naretentso | ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ nautso | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nare- tso |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ aitso | ⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ aktso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ aretso | ⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ aftso | ⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ astso | ⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ antso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ aretentso | ⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ autso | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ are- tso |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tinatso | ⲭⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ khnatso | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲧⲥⲟ teratso | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ fnatso | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ snatso | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tennatso | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tetennatso | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ senatso | ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ natso |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ einatso | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ekhnatso | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ erenatso | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ efnatso | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ esnatso | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ennatso | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ eretennatso | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ eunatso | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ere- natso |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etinatso | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etekhnatso | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etenatso | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etefnatso | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etesnatso | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etennatso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etetennatso | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etounatso | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ete- natso |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nainatso | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nakhnatso | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ narenatso | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nafnatso | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nasnatso | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nannatso | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ naretennatso | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ naunatso | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nare- natso |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ainatso | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ akhnatso | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ arenatso | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ afnatso | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ asnatso | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ annatso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ aretennatso | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ aunatso | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ are- natso |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ aitso | ⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ aktso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ aretso | ⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ aftso | ⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ astso | ⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ antso | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ atetentso | ⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ autso | ⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ a- tso |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ m̀pitso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ m̀pektso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ m̀petso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ m̀peftso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ m̀pestso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ m̀pentso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ m̀petentso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ m̀poutso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ m̀pe- tso |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ eaitso | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ eaktso | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ earetso | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ eaftso | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ eastso | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ eantso | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ eatetentso | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ eautso | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ ea- tso |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ em̀pitso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ em̀pektso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ em̀petso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ em̀peftso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ em̀pestso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ em̀pentso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ em̀petentso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ em̀poutso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ em̀pe- tso |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ etaitso | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ etaktso | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ etaretso | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ etaftso | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ etastso | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ etantso | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etaretentso | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ etautso | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ eta- tso |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pitso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pektso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ etm̀petso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ etm̀peftso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pestso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pentso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etm̀petentso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ etm̀poutso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pe- tso |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ neaitso | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ neaktso | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ nearetso | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ neaftso | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ neastso | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ neantso | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ neatetentso | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ neautso | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ nea- tso |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ nem̀pitso | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ nem̀pektso | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ nem̀petso | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ nem̀peftso | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ nem̀pestso | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ nem̀pentso | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ nem̀petentso | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ nem̀poutso | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nem̀pe- tso |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ etaitso | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ etaktso | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ etaretso | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ etaftso | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ etastso | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ etantso | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etaretentso | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ etautso | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ eta- tso |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ m̀patitso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ m̀patektso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ m̀patetso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ m̀pateftso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ m̀patestso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ m̀patentso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ m̀patetentso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ m̀patoutso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ m̀pate- tso |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ em̀patitso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ em̀patektso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ em̀patetso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ em̀pateftso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ em̀patestso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ em̀patentso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ em̀patetentso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ em̀patoutso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ em̀pate- tso |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ etm̀patitso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ etm̀patektso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ etm̀patetso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pateftso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ etm̀patestso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etm̀patentso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etm̀patetentso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ etm̀patoutso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pate- tso |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ nam̀patitso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ nam̀patektso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ nam̀patetso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ nam̀pateftso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ nam̀patestso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ nam̀patentso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ nam̀patetentso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ nam̀patoutso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nam̀pate- tso |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ šaitso | ϣⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ šaktso | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ šaretso | ϣⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ šaftso | ϣⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ šastso | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ šantso | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ šatetentso | ϣⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ šautso | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ šare- tso |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ m̀paitso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ m̀paktso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ m̀paretso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ m̀paftso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ m̀pastso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ m̀pantso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ m̀paretentso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ m̀pautso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ m̀pare- tso |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ ešaitso | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ ešaktso | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ ešaretso | ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ ešaftso | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ ešastso | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ ešantso | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ ešatetentso | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ ešautso | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ešare- tso |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ em̀paitso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ em̀paktso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ em̀paretso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ em̀paftso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ em̀pastso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ em̀pantso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ em̀paretentso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ em̀pautso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ em̀pare- tso |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ etšaitso | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ etšaktso | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ etšaretso | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ etšaftso | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ etšastso | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ etšantso | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etšatetentso | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ etšautso | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etšare- tso |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ etm̀paitso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ etm̀paktso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ etm̀paretso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ etm̀paftso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pastso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pantso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etm̀paretentso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pautso | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etm̀pare- tso |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ našaitso | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ našaktso | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ našaretso | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ našaftso | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ našastso | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ našantso | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ našatetentso | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ našautso | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ našare- tso |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ nam̀paitso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ nam̀paktso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ nam̀paretso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ nam̀paftso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ nam̀pastso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ nam̀pantso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ nam̀paretentso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ nam̀pautso | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nam̀pare- tso |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ em̀paitso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ em̀paktso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ em̀paretso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ em̀paftso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ em̀pastso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ em̀pantso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ em̀paretentso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ em̀pautso | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ em̀pare- tso |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲧⲥⲟ eietso | ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲥⲟ eketso | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ eretso | ⲉϥⲉⲧⲥⲟ efetso | ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟ esetso | ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲥⲟ enetso | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲧⲥⲟ eretenetso | ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲥⲟ euetso | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ere- tso |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ǹnatso | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ ǹnektso | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲥⲟ ǹnetso | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ ǹneftso | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ ǹnestso | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ ǹnentso | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ ǹnetentso | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ ǹnoutso | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ǹne- tso |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲥⲟ maritso | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ mareftso | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ marestso | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ marentso | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ maroutso | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ mare- tso |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲧⲥⲟ m̀penthritso | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ m̀penthreftso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ m̀penthrestso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ m̀penthrentso | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ m̀penthreutso | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ m̀penthre- tso |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟ ǹtatso | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ ǹtektso | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ ǹtetso | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ ǹteftso | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ ǹtestso | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ ǹtentso | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ ǹtetentso | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ ǹsetso, ǹtoutso | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ǹte- tso |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲥⲟ taritso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ tarektso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ taretso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ tareftso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ tarestso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ tarentso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ taretentso | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ taroutso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ tare- tso |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ šatitso | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ šatektso | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ šatetso | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ šateftso | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ šatestso | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ šatentso | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ šatetentso | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ šatoutso | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ šate- tso |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ aišantso | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ akšantso | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ arešantso | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ afšantso | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ asšantso | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ anšantso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ aretenšantso | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ aušantso | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲥⲟ arešan- tso |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲧⲥⲟ aitso | ⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ aktso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ aretso | ⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ aftso | ⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ astso | ⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ antso | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ aretentso | ⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ autso | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ are- tso |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲥⲟ tso | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲥⲟ tso |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲥⲟ tm̄tso | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pr̄tso |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲥⲟ titso | ⲕⲧⲥⲟ ktso | ⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ tetso | ϥⲧⲥⲟ ftso | ⲥⲧⲥⲟ stso | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ tn̄tso | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ tetn̄tso | ⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟ setso | ⲧⲥⲟ tso |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ eïtso | ⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ ektso | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ eretso | ⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ eftso | ⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ estso | ⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ entso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etetn̄tso | ⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ eutso | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ere- tso |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲥⲟ etitso | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etk̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ etetso, eteretso | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etf̄tso | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ ets̄tso | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etetn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ etoutso | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etere- tso |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ neïtso | ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ nektso | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ neretso | ⲛⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ neftso | ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ nestso | ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ nentso | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ netetn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ neutso | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nere- tso |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tinatso | ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ knatso | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tenatso | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ fnatso | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ snatso | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tn̄natso | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ tetnatso | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ senatso | ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ natso |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ eïnatso | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ eknatso | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ erenatso | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ efnatso | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ esnatso | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ennatso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etetnatso | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ eunatso | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ere- natso |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etinatso | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etk̄natso | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etenatso, eterenatso | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etf̄natso | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ ets̄natso | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etn̄natso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etetnatso | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etounatso | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ etere- natso |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ neïnatso | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ neknatso | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nerenatso | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nefnatso | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nesnatso | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nennatso | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ netetnatso | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ neunatso | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ nere- natso |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ aïtso | ⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ aktso | ⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ, ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ atso, artso, aretso | ⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ aftso | ⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ astso | ⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ antso | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ atetn̄tso | ⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ autso | ⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ a- tso |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ m̄pitso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pk̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄petso, m̄pr̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pf̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄ps̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pn̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄petn̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ m̄poutso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pe- tso |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ eaïtso | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ eaktso | ⲉⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ eatso, eartso, earetso | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ eaftso | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ eastso | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ eantso | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ eatetn̄tso | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ eautso | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ ea- tso |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ em̄pitso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pk̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄petso, em̄pr̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pf̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄ps̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pn̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄petn̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ em̄poutso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pe- tso |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ entaïtso, n̄taïtso | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ entaktso, n̄taktso | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ entatso, n̄tatso, entartso, n̄tartso, entaretso, n̄taretso | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ entaftso, n̄taftso | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ entastso, n̄tastso | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ entantso, n̄tantso | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ entatetn̄tso, n̄tatetn̄tso | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ entautso, n̄tautso | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ enta- tso, n̄ta- tso |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pitso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pk̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄petso, etem̄pr̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pf̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄ps̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄petn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ etem̄poutso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pe- tso |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ neaïtso | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ neaktso | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ neatso, neartso, nearetso | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ neaftso | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ neastso | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ neantso | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ neatetn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ neautso | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ nea- tso |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pitso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pk̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄petso, nem̄pr̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pf̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄ps̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄petn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ nem̄poutso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pe- tso |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ n̄taïtso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ n̄taktso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ n̄tatso, n̄tartso, n̄taretso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ n̄taftso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ n̄tastso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ n̄tantso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ n̄tatetn̄tso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ n̄tautso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲥⲟ n̄ta- tso |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ m̄patitso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄patk̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ m̄patetso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄patf̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pats̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄patn̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ m̄patetn̄tso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ m̄patoutso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pate- tso |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ em̄patitso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄patk̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ em̄patetso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄patf̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pats̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄patn̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ em̄patetn̄tso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ em̄patoutso | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ em̄pate- tso |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patitso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patk̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patetso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patf̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pats̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patetn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ etem̄patoutso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etem̄pate- tso |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patitso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patk̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patetso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patf̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pats̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patetn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ nem̄patoutso | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nem̄pate- tso |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ šaïtso | ϣⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ šaktso | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ šaretso | ϣⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ šaftso | ϣⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ šastso | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ šantso | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šatetn̄tso | ϣⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ šautso | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ šare- tso |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ meïtso | ⲙⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ mektso | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ meretso | ⲙⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ meftso | ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ mestso | ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ mentso | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ metetn̄tso | ⲙⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ meutso | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ mere- tso |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ ešaïtso | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ ešaktso | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ ešaretso | ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ ešaftso | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ ešastso | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ ešantso | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ ešatetn̄tso | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ ešautso | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ešare- tso |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ emeïtso | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ emektso | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ emeretso | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ emeftso | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ emestso | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ ementso | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ emetetn̄tso | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ emeutso | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ emere- tso |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ etešaïtso, ešaïtso | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ etešaktso, ešaktso | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ etešaretso, ešaretso | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ etešaftso, ešaftso | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ etešastso, ešastso | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ etešantso, ešantso | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etešatetn̄tso, ešatetn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ etešautso, ešautso | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etešare- tso, ešare- tso |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ etemeïtso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ etemektso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ etemeretso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ etemeftso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ etemestso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ etementso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etemetetn̄tso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ etemeutso | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ etemere- tso |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ nešaïtso | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲥⲟ nešaktso | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ nešaretso | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲥⲟ nešaftso | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲥⲟ nešastso | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ nešantso | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nešatetn̄tso | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲥⲟ nešautso | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nešare- tso |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ nemeïtso | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ nemektso | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ nemeretso | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ nemeftso | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ nemestso | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ nementso | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ nemetetn̄tso | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ nemeutso | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ nemere- tso |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ emeïtso | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ emektso | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ emeretso | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ emeftso | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ emestso | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ ementso | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ emetetn̄tso | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ emeutso | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ emere- tso |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲧⲥⲟ eïetso | ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲥⲟ eketso | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ eretso | ⲉϥⲉⲧⲥⲟ efetso | ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟ esetso | ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲥⲟ enetso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲧⲥⲟ etetnetso | ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲥⲟ euetso | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ere- tso |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲥⲟ n̄natso | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ n̄nektso | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲥⲟ n̄netso | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ n̄neftso | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ n̄nestso | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ n̄nentso | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ n̄netn̄tso | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ n̄neutso | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ n̄ne- tso |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲥⲟ maritso | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ mareftso | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ marestso | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ marn̄tso | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ maroutso | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ mare- tso |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲧⲥⲟ m̄pr̄tratso | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ m̄pr̄treftso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ m̄pr̄trestso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ m̄pr̄trentso | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ m̄pr̄treutso | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ m̄pr̄tre- tso |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟ, ⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟ n̄tatso, tatso | ⲛ̄ⲅⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲧⲥⲟ n̄gtso, n̄ktso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ n̄tetso | ⲛ̄ϥⲧⲥⲟ n̄ftso | ⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲥⲟ n̄stso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ n̄tn̄tso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ n̄tetn̄tso | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲥⲟ n̄setso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ n̄te- tso |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲥⲟ taritso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ tarektso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ taretso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ tareftso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ tarestso | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ tarn̄tso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ taretn̄tso | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ taroutso | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ tare- tso |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲧⲥⲟ n̄teritso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ n̄terektso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲧⲥⲟ n̄teretso, n̄terertso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ n̄tereftso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ n̄terestso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ n̄tern̄tso, n̄terentso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ n̄teretn̄tso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ n̄teroutso | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ n̄tere- tso |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲧⲥⲟ šantitso | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šantk̄tso | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟ šantetso | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šantf̄tso | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šants̄tso | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šantn̄tso | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ šantetn̄tso | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲥⲟ šantoutso | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ šante- tso |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ eïšantso | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ ekšantso | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ eršantso, erešantso | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ efšantso | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ esšantso | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ enšantso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ etetn̄šantso | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲟ eušantso | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲥⲟ eršan- tso |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲥⲟ eïtso | ⲉⲕⲧⲥⲟ ektso | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟ eretso | ⲉϥⲧⲥⲟ eftso | ⲉⲥⲧⲥⲟ estso | ⲉⲛⲧⲥⲟ entso | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲥⲟ etetn̄tso | ⲉⲩⲧⲥⲟ eutso | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲥⲟ ere- tso |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

#### Related terms

* ⲧⲥⲱ (tsō)
* ⲥⲱ (sō)

### References

* Westendorf, Wolfhart (1965–1977) Koptisches Handwörterbuch, first edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, →ISBN, page 246
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 197
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 434