# 螺旋
## Chinese

* 螺旋

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): luóxuán
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lo$^4$ syun$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lô-soân / lêr-soân / lê-chn̄g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lo$^5$ suang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: luóxuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: luósyuán
*** Wade–Giles: lo$^2$-hsüan$^2$
*** Yale: lwó-sywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoshyuan
*** Palladius: лосюань (losjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lo$^4$ syun$^4$
*** Yale: lòh syùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lo$^4$ syn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lo$^4$ xun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔː²¹ syːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô-soân
*** Tâi-lô: lô-suân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loisoaan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lo²⁴⁻²² suan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³⁻²² suan¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêr-soân
*** Tâi-lô: lêr-suân
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lə²⁴⁻²² suan²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê-chn̄g
*** Tâi-lô: lê-tsn̄g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lezng
*** IPA (Taipei): /le²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sŋ̍³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lo$^5$ suang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lô suâng
*** Sinological IPA : /lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ suaŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: lwa zjwen
Rime :
| Character | 螺 | 旋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 落戈切 | 似宣切 |
| Baxter | lwa | zjwen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /luɑ/ | /ziuᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /luɑ/ | /zʷiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /luɑ/ | /zjuæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lwa/ | /zwian/ |
| Li Rong | /luɑ/ | /ziuɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /luɑ/ | /zĭwɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /luɑ/ | /zi̯wɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | luó | xuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lo$^4$ | cyun$^4$ |

### Noun

螺旋
* helix; spiral
* (mechanics) screw

#### Derived terms

* 螺旋式
* 螺旋推進機／螺旋推进机
* 螺旋星系 (luóxuán xīngxì)
* 螺旋桿菌／螺旋杆菌 (luóxuán-gānjūn)
* 螺旋槳／螺旋桨 (luóxuánjiǎng)
* 螺旋狀／螺旋状
* 螺旋菌
* 螺旋藻 (luóxuánzǎo)
* 螺旋體／螺旋体 (luóxuántǐ)
* 雙螺旋／双螺旋 (shuāngluóxuán)
* 黃金螺旋／黄金螺旋 (huángjīn luóxuán)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 螺(ら)旋(せん) (rasen)
* → Korean: 나선(螺旋) (naseon)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 螺 | 旋 |
| ら Jinmeiyō | せん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology 1

First appears in texts from the early 1800s. Ultimately from 螺旋 (MC lwa zjwen). Compare modern Min Nan reading lêr-soân.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) らせん [ràséń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾa̠sẽ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

螺(ら)旋(せん) • (rasen)
* a helix, a spiral
* a screw

##### Derived terms

* 螺(ら)旋(せん)階(かい)段(だん) (rasen kaidan): a spiral staircase
* 螺(ら)旋(せん)丸(がん) (rasengan)
* 螺(ら)旋(せん)形(けい) (rasenkei): a helix or spiral shape
* 螺(ら)旋(せん)状(じょう) (rasenjō): a helix or spiral shape
* 螺(ら)旋(せん)状(じょう)菌(きん) (rasenjō kin): a spirillum (a spiral-shaped bacterium)
* 螺(ら)旋(せん)推(すい)進(しん)機(き) (rasen suishinki): a screw (as for a ship or boat; obsolete, replaced by propellers)
* 螺(ら)旋(せん)水(みず)揚(あげ)機(き) (rasen mizu-age ki): an Archimedes screw, a screw-shaped water pump

### Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 螺旋 – see the following entry. :
| 【螺子ねじ】 | [noun] a screw [noun] a spring or coil that can be wound, such as that of a clock [noun] (figurative) marbles (sanity) Alternative spellings 捻子, 捩子, ネジ |
(This term, 螺旋, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN