# 樑上君子
## Chinese

| | | beam of roof | up; on; on topup; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up | junzi; man of virtue; high-minded personjunzi; man of virtue; high-minded person; noble person; superior person |
| trad. (樑上君子/梁上君子) | trad. (樑上君子/梁上君子) | 樑/梁 | 上 | 君子 |
| simp. (梁上君子) | simp. (梁上君子) | 梁 | 上 | 君子 |
| Literally: “gentleman on the roof beam”. |||||
* 樑上君子

### Etymology

From a story in the Book of the Later Han.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liángshàngjūnzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄗˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng$^4$ soeng$^6$ gwan$^1$ zi$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liông-siōng-kun-chú / liông-siāng-kun-chú
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liángshàngjūnzǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liángshàngjyunzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: liang$^2$-shang$^4$-chün$^1$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: lyáng-shàng-jyūn-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liangshanqjiuntzyy
*** Palladius: ляншанцзюньцзы (ljanšanczjunʹczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loeng$^4$ soeng$^6$ gwan$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: lèuhng seuhng gwān jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loeng$^4$ soeng$^6$ gwan$^1$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêng$^4$ sêng$^6$ guen$^1$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lœːŋ²¹ sœːŋ²² kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông-siōng-kun-chú
*** Tâi-lô: liông-siōng-kun-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liongsioxngkunzuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông-siāng-kun-chú
*** Tâi-lô: liông-siāng-kun-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liongsiaxngkunzuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³⁻³³ siaŋ³³⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: ljang dzyangH kjun tsiX
Rime :
| Character | 樑 | 上 | 君 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 常 (25) | 見 (28) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) | 文 (59) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 呂章切 | 時亮切 | 舉云切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | ljang | dzyangH | kjun | tsiX |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨɐŋ/ | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ$^H$/ | /kɨun/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɐŋ/ | /d͡ʑiɐŋ$^H$/ | /kiun/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /liɑŋ/ | /d͡ʑiɑŋ$^H$/ | /kiuən/ | /t͡sie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɨaŋ/ | /d͡ʑɨaŋ$^H$/ | /kun/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /liaŋ/ | /ʑiaŋ$^H$/ | /kiuən/ | /t͡siə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭaŋ/ | /ʑĭaŋ$^H$/ | /kĭuən/ | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯aŋ/ | /ʑi̯aŋ$^H$/ | /ki̯uən/ | /t͡si$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liáng | shàng | jūn | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | loeng$^4$ | soeng$^6$ | gwan$^1$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*raŋ daŋʔ-s C.qur tsəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raŋ djaŋs klun ʔslɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 樑 | 上 | 君 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | liáng | shàng | jūn | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljang › | ‹ dzyang$^H$ › | ‹ kjun › | ‹ tsi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*raŋ/ | /*daŋʔ-s/ | /*C.qur/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | beam; bridge | top, above (n.) | lord; ruler | child; gentleman, master |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 樑 | 上 | 君 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1648 | 11103 | 7289 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component | 刅 | 上 | 君 | 子 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 | 文 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 良 | 尚 | 君 | 子 |
| Old Chinese | /*raŋ/ | /*djaŋs/ | /*klun/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |

### Idiom

樑上君子
* (humorous) burglar; thief