# ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ (sōtm̄) — Sahidic
* ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ (sōtme) — Akhmimic
* ⲥⲟⲧⲙ (sotm) — Oxyrhynchite
* ⲥⲱⲧⲏⲙ (sōtēm) — Hermopolitan

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsoːtəm/

### Verb

ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ • (sōtem) (pronominal state ⲥⲟⲑⲙ⸗ (sothm⸗))
* (Bohairic) to hear

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ sōtem | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ sōtem |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ štemsōtem | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀persōtem |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tisōtem | ⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ksōtem | ⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tesōtem | ϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ fsōtem | ⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ssōtem | ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tensōtem | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tetensōtem | ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ sesōtem | ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ sōtem |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eisōtem | ⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eksōtem | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eresōtem | ⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ efsōtem | ⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ essōtem | ⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ensōtem | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eretensōtem | ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eusōtem | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ere- sōtem |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etisōtem | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eteksōtem | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etesōtem | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etefsōtem | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etessōtem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etensōtem | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etetensōtem | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etousōtem | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ete- sōtem |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ naisōtem | ⲛⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ naksōtem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ naresōtem | ⲛⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nafsōtem | ⲛⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nassōtem | ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nansōtem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ naretensōtem | ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nausōtem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nare- sōtem |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aisōtem | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aksōtem | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aresōtem | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ afsōtem | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ assōtem | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ansōtem | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aretensōtem | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ausōtem | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ are- sōtem |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tinasōtem | ⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ khnasōtem | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ terasōtem | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ fnasōtem | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ snasōtem | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tennasōtem | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tetennasōtem | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ senasōtem | ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nasōtem |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ einasōtem | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ekhnasōtem | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ erenasōtem | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ efnasōtem | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ esnasōtem | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ennasōtem | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eretennasōtem | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eunasōtem | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ere- nasōtem |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etinasōtem | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etekhnasōtem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etenasōtem | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etefnasōtem | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etesnasōtem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etennasōtem | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etetennasōtem | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etounasōtem | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ete- nasōtem |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nainasōtem | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nakhnasōtem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ narenasōtem | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nafnasōtem | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nasnasōtem | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nannasōtem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ naretennasōtem | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ naunasōtem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nare- nasōtem |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ainasōtem | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ akhnasōtem | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ arenasōtem | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ afnasōtem | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ asnasōtem | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ annasōtem | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aretennasōtem | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aunasōtem | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ are- nasōtem |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aisōtem | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aksōtem | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aresōtem | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ afsōtem | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ assōtem | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ansōtem | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ atetensōtem | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ausōtem | ⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ a- sōtem |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pisōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀peksōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pesōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pefsōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pessōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pensōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀petensōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pousōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pe- sōtem |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eaisōtem | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eaksōtem | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ earesōtem | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eafsōtem | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eassōtem | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eansōtem | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eatetensōtem | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eausōtem | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ea- sōtem |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pisōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀peksōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pesōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pefsōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pessōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pensōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀petensōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pousōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pe- sōtem |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etaisōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etaksōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etaresōtem | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etafsōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etassōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etansōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etaretensōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etausōtem | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eta- sōtem |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pisōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀peksōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pesōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pefsōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pessōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pensōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀petensōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pousōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pe- sōtem |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ neaisōtem | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ neaksōtem | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nearesōtem | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ neafsōtem | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ neassōtem | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ neansōtem | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ neatetensōtem | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ neausōtem | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nea- sōtem |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nem̀pisōtem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nem̀peksōtem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nem̀pesōtem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nem̀pefsōtem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nem̀pessōtem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nem̀pensōtem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nem̀petensōtem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nem̀pousōtem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nem̀pe- sōtem |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etaisōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etaksōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etaresōtem | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etafsōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etassōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etansōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etaretensōtem | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etausōtem | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eta- sōtem |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀patisōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pateksōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀patesōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀patefsōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀patessōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀patensōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀patetensōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀patousōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pate- sōtem |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀patisōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pateksōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀patesōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀patefsōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀patessōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀patensōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀patetensōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀patousōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pate- sōtem |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀patisōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pateksōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀patesōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀patefsōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀patessōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀patensōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀patetensōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀patousōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pate- sōtem |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀patisōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀pateksōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀patesōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀patefsōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀patessōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀patensōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀patetensōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀patousōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀pate- sōtem |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šaisōtem | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šaksōtem | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šaresōtem | ϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šafsōtem | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šassōtem | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šansōtem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šatetensōtem | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šausōtem | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šare- sōtem |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀paisōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀paksōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀paresōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pafsōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀passōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pansōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀paretensōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pausōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀pare- sōtem |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ešaisōtem | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ešaksōtem | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ešaresōtem | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ešafsōtem | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ešassōtem | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ešansōtem | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ešatetensōtem | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ešausōtem | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ešare- sōtem |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀paisōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀paksōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀paresōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pafsōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀passōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pansōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀paretensōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pausōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pare- sōtem |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etšaisōtem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etšaksōtem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etšaresōtem | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etšafsōtem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etšassōtem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etšansōtem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etšatetensōtem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etšausōtem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etšare- sōtem |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀paisōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀paksōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀paresōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pafsōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀passōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pansōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀paretensōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pausōtem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ etm̀pare- sōtem |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ našaisōtem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ našaksōtem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ našaresōtem | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ našafsōtem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ našassōtem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ našansōtem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ našatetensōtem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ našausōtem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ našare- sōtem |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀paisōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀paksōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀paresōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀pafsōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀passōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀pansōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀paretensōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀pausōtem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ nam̀pare- sōtem |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀paisōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀paksōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀paresōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pafsōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀passōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pansōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀paretensōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pausōtem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ em̀pare- sōtem |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eiesōtem | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ekesōtem | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eresōtem | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ efesōtem | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ esesōtem | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ enesōtem | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ eretenesōtem | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ euesōtem | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ere- sōtem |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹnasōtem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹneksōtem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹnesōtem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹnefsōtem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹnessōtem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹnensōtem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹnetensōtem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹnousōtem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹne- sōtem |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ marisōtem | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ marefsōtem | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ maressōtem | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ marensōtem | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ marousōtem | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ mare- sōtem |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀penthrisōtem | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀penthrefsōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀penthressōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀penthrensōtem | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀penthreusōtem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ m̀penthre- sōtem |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹtasōtem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹteksōtem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹtesōtem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹtefsōtem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹtessōtem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹtensōtem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹtetensōtem | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹsesōtem, ǹtousōtem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ǹte- sōtem |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tarisōtem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tareksōtem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ taresōtem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tarefsōtem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ taressōtem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tarensōtem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ taretensōtem | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tarousōtem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ tare- sōtem |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šatisōtem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šateksōtem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šatesōtem | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šatefsōtem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šatessōtem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šatensōtem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šatetensōtem | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šatousōtem | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ šate- sōtem |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aišansōtem | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ akšansōtem | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ arešansōtem | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ afšansōtem | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ asšansōtem | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ anšansōtem | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aretenšansōtem | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aušansōtem | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ arešan- sōtem |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aisōtem | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aksōtem | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aresōtem | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ afsōtem | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ assōtem | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ansōtem | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ aretensōtem | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ausōtem | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ are- sōtem |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

#### Derived terms

* ϫⲓⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ (činsōtem)

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 165
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 363