# ϫⲡⲟ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲧⳉⲡⲟ (txpo) — Akhmimic
* ϫⲫⲟ (čpho) — Bohairic
* ϫⲡⲁ (čpa) — Fayyumic

### Etymology

Causative of ϣⲱⲡⲉ (šōpe)

### Verb

ϫⲡⲟ • (čpo) (nominal state ϫⲡⲟ-, (S) ϫⲡⲉ-, (L) ϫⲡⲁ-, pronominal state (S) ϫⲡⲟ⸗, (L) ϫⲡⲁ⸗, stative (S) ϫⲡⲁⲉⲓⲧ)
* (Sahidic, Lycopolitan) to beget, bring forth
* (Sahidic, Lycopolitan) to acquire

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϫⲡⲟ čpo | imperative | affirmative | ϫⲡⲟ čpo |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϫⲡⲟ tm̄čpo | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛϫⲡⲟ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄nčpo, m̄pr̄čpo |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϫⲡⲟ tičpo | ⲕϫⲡⲟ kčpo | ⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ tečpo | ϥϫⲡⲟ fčpo | ⲥϫⲡⲟ sčpo | ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ tn̄čpo | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ tetn̄čpo | ⲥⲉϫⲡⲟ sečpo | ϫⲡⲟ čpo |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ eïčpo | ⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ ekčpo | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ erečpo | ⲉϥϫⲡⲟ efčpo | ⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ esčpo | ⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ enčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etetn̄čpo | ⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ eučpo | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ ere- čpo |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϫⲡⲟ etičpo | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ etk̄čpo, etekčpo | ⲉⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ etečpo, eterečpo | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲡⲟ etf̄čpo, etefčpo | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ ets̄čpo, etesčpo | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ etn̄čpo, etenčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etetn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ etoučpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ etere- čpo, ete- čpo |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ neïčpo | ⲛⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ nekčpo | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ nerečpo | ⲛⲉϥϫⲡⲟ nefčpo | ⲛⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ nesčpo | ⲛⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ nenčpo | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ netetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ neučpo | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ nere- čpo |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ tinačpo | ⲕⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ knačpo | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ tenačpo | ϥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ fnačpo | ⲥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ snačpo | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ tn̄načpo | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ tetnačpo | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ senačpo | ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ načpo |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ eïnačpo | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ eknačpo | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ erenačpo | ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ efnačpo | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ esnačpo | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ ennačpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etetnačpo | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ eunačpo | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ ere- načpo |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etinačpo | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etk̄načpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etenačpo, eterenačpo | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etf̄načpo | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ ets̄načpo | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etn̄načpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etetnačpo | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etounačpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etere- načpo |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ neïnačpo | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ neknačpo | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ nerenačpo | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ nefnačpo | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ nesnačpo | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ nennačpo | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ netetnačpo | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ neunačpo | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ nere- načpo |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ aïčpo | ⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ akčpo | ⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ arečpo | ⲁϥϫⲡⲟ afčpo | ⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ asčpo | ⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ ančpo | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ atetn̄čpo | ⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ aučpo | ⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ a- čpo |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲡⲟ m̄pičpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ m̄pk̄čpo, m̄pekčpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄pečpo, m̄pr̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϥϫⲡⲟ m̄pf̄čpo, m̄pefčpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ m̄ps̄čpo, m̄pesčpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ m̄pn̄čpo, m̄penčpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄petn̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ m̄poučpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ m̄pe- čpo |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ eaïčpo | ⲉⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ eakčpo | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ earečpo | ⲉⲁϥϫⲡⲟ eafčpo | ⲉⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ easčpo | ⲉⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ eančpo | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ eatetn̄čpo | ⲉⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ eaučpo | ⲉⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ ea- čpo |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲡⲟ empičpo | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ empk̄čpo, empekčpo | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ϫⲡⲟ empečpo, empr̄čpo | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ empk̄čpo, empekčpo | ⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ emps̄čpo, empesčpo | ⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ empn̄čpo, empenčpo | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ empetn̄čpo | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ empoučpo | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ empe- čpo |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ etaïčpo, n̄taïčpo | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ etakčpo, n̄takčpo | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲡⲟϫⲡⲟ etarečpo, n̄tačpočpo | ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲡⲟ etafčpo, n̄tafčpo | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ etasčpo, n̄tasčpo | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ etančpo, n̄tančpo | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etatetn̄čpo, n̄tatetn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ etaučpo, n̄taučpo | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ eta- čpo, n̄ta- čpo |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲡⲟ etempičpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ etempk̄čpo, etempekčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ϫⲡⲟ etempečpo, etempr̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ etempk̄čpo, etempekčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ etemps̄čpo, etempesčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ etempn̄čpo, etempenčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etempetn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ etempoučpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ etempe- čpo |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ neaïčpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ neakčpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ nearečpo | ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲡⲟ neafčpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ neasčpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ neančpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ neatetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ neaučpo | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ nea- čpo |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲡⲟ nempičpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ nempk̄čpo, nempekčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ϫⲡⲟ nempečpo, nempr̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ nempk̄čpo, nempekčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ nemps̄čpo, nempesčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ nempn̄čpo, nempenčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nempetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ nempoučpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ nempe- čpo |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ n̄taïčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ n̄takčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ n̄tarečpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲡⲟ n̄tafčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ n̄tasčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ n̄tančpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ n̄tatetn̄čpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ n̄taučpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ n̄ta- čpo |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲡⲟ m̄patičpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄patk̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ m̄patečpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄patf̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄pats̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄patn̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄patetn̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ m̄patoučpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ m̄pate- čpo |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲡⲟ em̄patičpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄patk̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ em̄patečpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄patf̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄pats̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄patn̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄patetn̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ em̄patoučpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ em̄pate- čpo |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲡⲟ etem̄patičpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄patk̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ etem̄patečpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄patf̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄pats̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄patn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄patetn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ etem̄patoučpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ etem̄pate- čpo |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲡⲟ nem̄patičpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄patk̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ nem̄patečpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄patf̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄pats̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄patn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄patetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ nem̄patoučpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ nem̄pate- čpo |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ šaïčpo | ϣⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ šakčpo | ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ šarečpo | ϣⲁϥϫⲡⲟ šafčpo | ϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ šasčpo | ϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ šančpo | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ šatetn̄čpo | ϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ šaučpo | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ šare- čpo |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ maïčpo | ⲙⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ makčpo | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ marečpo | ⲙⲁϥϫⲡⲟ mafčpo | ⲙⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ masčpo | ⲙⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ mančpo | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ matetn̄čpo | ⲙⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ maučpo | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ mare- čpo |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ ešaïčpo | ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ ešakčpo | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ ešarečpo | ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲡⲟ ešafčpo | ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ ešasčpo | ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ ešančpo | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ ešatetn̄čpo | ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ ešaučpo | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ ešare- čpo |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ emaïčpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ emakčpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ emarečpo | ⲉⲙⲁϥϫⲡⲟ emafčpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ emasčpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ emančpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ ematetn̄čpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ emaučpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ emare- čpo |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ etešaïčpo, ešaïčpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ etešakčpo, ešakčpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ etešarečpo, ešarečpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲡⲟ etešafčpo, ešafčpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ etešasčpo, ešasčpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ etešančpo, ešančpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etešatetn̄čpo, ešatetn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ etešaučpo, ešaučpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ etešare- čpo, ešare- čpo |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ etemaïčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ etemakčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ etemarečpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥϫⲡⲟ etemafčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ etemasčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ etemančpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etematetn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ etemaučpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ etemare- čpo |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ nešaïčpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ nešakčpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ nešarečpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϫⲡⲟ nešafčpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ nešasčpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ nešančpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nešatetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ nešaučpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ nešare- čpo |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ nemaïčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ nemakčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ nemarečpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥϫⲡⲟ nemafčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ nemasčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ nemančpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nematetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ nemaučpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ nemare- čpo |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ emaïčpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ emakčpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ emarečpo | ⲉⲙⲁϥϫⲡⲟ emafčpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ emasčpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ emančpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ ematetn̄čpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ emaučpo | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ emare- čpo |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁϫⲡⲟ eïačpo | ⲉⲕⲁϫⲡⲟ ekačpo | ⲉⲣⲁϫⲡⲟ eračpo | ⲉϥⲁϫⲡⲟ efačpo | ⲉⲥⲁϫⲡⲟ esačpo | ⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ enačpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etetnačpo | ⲉⲩⲁϫⲡⲟ euačpo | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ ere- čpo |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ načpo | ⲛⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ nekčpo | ⲛⲉϫⲡⲟ nečpo | ⲛⲉϥϫⲡⲟ nefčpo | ⲛⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ nesčpo | ⲛⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ nenčpo | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ netn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ neučpo | ⲛⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ ne- čpo |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲡⲟ maričpo | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲡⲟ marefčpo | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ maresčpo | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ marn̄čpo | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ maroučpo | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ mare- čpo |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲁϫⲡⲟ m̄prtračpo | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϥϫⲡⲟ m̄prtrefčpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ m̄prtresčpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ m̄prtrenčpo | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ m̄prtreučpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲱⲣⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ m̄pōrte- čpo |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲡⲟ, ⲧⲁϫⲡⲟ n̄tačpo, tačpo | ⲛ̄ⲅϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲕϫⲡⲟ, ⲕϫⲡⲟ n̄gčpo, n̄kčpo, kčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ n̄tečpo, tečpo | ⲛ̄ϥϫⲡⲟ, ϥϫⲡⲟ n̄fčpo, fčpo | ⲛ̄ⲥϫⲡⲟ, ⲥϫⲡⲟ n̄sčpo, sčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ n̄tn̄čpo, tn̄čpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ n̄tetn̄čpo, tetn̄čpo | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲥⲉϫⲡⲟ n̄sečpo, sečpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ n̄te- čpo |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϫⲡⲟ taričpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ tarekčpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ tarečpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲡⲟ tarefčpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ taresčpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ tarn̄čpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ taretn̄čpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ taroučpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ tare- čpo |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓϫⲡⲟ n̄taričpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ n̄tarekčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ n̄tarečpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲡⲟ n̄tarefčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ n̄taresčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ n̄tarn̄čpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ n̄taretn̄čpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ n̄taroučpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ n̄tare- čpo |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϫⲡⲟ šantičpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ šantk̄čpo, šantekčpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ šantečpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲡⲟ šantf̄čpo, šantefčpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ šants̄čpo, šantesčpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ šantn̄čpo, šantenčpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ šantetn̄čpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ šantoučpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ šante- čpo |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ eïšančpo | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ ekšančpo | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ eršančpo, erešančpo | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ efšančpo | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ esšančpo | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ enšančpo | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ ešantetn̄čpo | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ eušančpo | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲣϣⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ ešante- čpo, erša- čpo |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ eïčpo | ⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ ekčpo | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ erečpo | ⲉϥϫⲡⲟ efčpo | ⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ esčpo | ⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ enčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etetn̄čpo | ⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ eučpo | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ ere- čpo |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϫⲡⲟ čpo | imperative | affirmative | ϫⲡⲟ čpo |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϫⲡⲟ tm̄čpo | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄pr̄čpo |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϫⲡⲟ tičpo | ⲕϫⲡⲟ kčpo | ⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ tečpo | ϥϫⲡⲟ fčpo | ⲥϫⲡⲟ sčpo | ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ tn̄čpo | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ tetn̄čpo | ⲥⲉϫⲡⲟ sečpo | ϫⲡⲟ čpo |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ eïčpo | ⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ ekčpo | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ erečpo | ⲉϥϫⲡⲟ efčpo | ⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ esčpo | ⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ enčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etetn̄čpo | ⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ eučpo | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ ere- čpo |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϫⲡⲟ etičpo | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ etk̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ etečpo, eterečpo | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ etf̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ ets̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etetn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ etoučpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ etere- čpo |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ neïčpo | ⲛⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ nekčpo | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ nerečpo | ⲛⲉϥϫⲡⲟ nefčpo | ⲛⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ nesčpo | ⲛⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ nenčpo | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ netetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ neučpo | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ nere- čpo |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ tinačpo | ⲕⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ knačpo | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ tenačpo | ϥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ fnačpo | ⲥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ snačpo | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ tn̄načpo | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ tetnačpo | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ senačpo | ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ načpo |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ eïnačpo | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ eknačpo | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ erenačpo | ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ efnačpo | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ esnačpo | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ ennačpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etetnačpo | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ eunačpo | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ ere- načpo |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etinačpo | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etk̄načpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etenačpo, eterenačpo | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etf̄načpo | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ ets̄načpo | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etn̄načpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etetnačpo | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etounačpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ etere- načpo |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ neïnačpo | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ neknačpo | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ nerenačpo | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ nefnačpo | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ nesnačpo | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ nennačpo | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ netetnačpo | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ neunačpo | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ nere- načpo |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ aïčpo | ⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ akčpo | ⲁϫⲡⲟ, ⲁⲣϫⲡⲟ, ⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ ačpo, arčpo, arečpo | ⲁϥϫⲡⲟ afčpo | ⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ asčpo | ⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ ančpo | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ atetn̄čpo | ⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ aučpo | ⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ a- čpo |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲡⲟ m̄pičpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄pk̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄pečpo, m̄pr̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄pf̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄ps̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄pn̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄petn̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ m̄poučpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ m̄pe- čpo |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ eaïčpo | ⲉⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ eakčpo | ⲉⲁϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲁⲣϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ eačpo, earčpo, earečpo | ⲉⲁϥϫⲡⲟ eafčpo | ⲉⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ easčpo | ⲉⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ eančpo | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ eatetn̄čpo | ⲉⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ eaučpo | ⲉⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ ea- čpo |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲡⲟ em̄pičpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄pk̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄pečpo, em̄pr̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄pf̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄ps̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄pn̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄petn̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ em̄poučpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ em̄pe- čpo |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ entaïčpo, n̄taïčpo | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ entakčpo, n̄takčpo | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ entačpo, n̄tačpo, entarčpo, n̄tarčpo, entarečpo, n̄tarečpo | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲡⲟ entafčpo, n̄tafčpo | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ entasčpo, n̄tasčpo | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ entančpo, n̄tančpo | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ entatetn̄čpo, n̄tatetn̄čpo | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ entaučpo, n̄taučpo | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ enta- čpo, n̄ta- čpo |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲡⲟ etem̄pičpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄pk̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄pečpo, etem̄pr̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄pf̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄ps̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄pn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄petn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ etem̄poučpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ etem̄pe- čpo |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ neaïčpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ neakčpo | ⲛⲉⲁϫⲡⲟ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϫⲡⲟ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ neačpo, nearčpo, nearečpo | ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲡⲟ neafčpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ neasčpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ neančpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ neatetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ neaučpo | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ nea- čpo |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϫⲡⲟ nem̄pičpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄pk̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄pečpo, nem̄pr̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄pf̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄ps̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄pn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄petn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ nem̄poučpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ nem̄pe- čpo |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ n̄taïčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ n̄takčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ n̄tačpo, n̄tarčpo, n̄tarečpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϫⲡⲟ n̄tafčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ n̄tasčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ n̄tančpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ n̄tatetn̄čpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ n̄taučpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϫⲡⲟ n̄ta- čpo |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲡⲟ m̄patičpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄patk̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ m̄patečpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄patf̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄pats̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄patn̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ m̄patetn̄čpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ m̄patoučpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ m̄pate- čpo |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲡⲟ em̄patičpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄patk̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ em̄patečpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄patf̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄pats̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄patn̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ em̄patetn̄čpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ em̄patoučpo | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ em̄pate- čpo |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲡⲟ etem̄patičpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄patk̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ etem̄patečpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄patf̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄pats̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄patn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etem̄patetn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ etem̄patoučpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ etem̄pate- čpo |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϫⲡⲟ nem̄patičpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄patk̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ nem̄patečpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄patf̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄pats̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄patn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nem̄patetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ nem̄patoučpo | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ nem̄pate- čpo |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ šaïčpo | ϣⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ šakčpo | ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ šarečpo | ϣⲁϥϫⲡⲟ šafčpo | ϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ šasčpo | ϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ šančpo | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ šatetn̄čpo | ϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ šaučpo | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ šare- čpo |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ meïčpo | ⲙⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ mekčpo | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ merečpo | ⲙⲉϥϫⲡⲟ mefčpo | ⲙⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ mesčpo | ⲙⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ menčpo | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ metetn̄čpo | ⲙⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ meučpo | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ mere- čpo |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ ešaïčpo | ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ ešakčpo | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ ešarečpo | ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲡⲟ ešafčpo | ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ ešasčpo | ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ ešančpo | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ ešatetn̄čpo | ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ ešaučpo | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ ešare- čpo |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ emeïčpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ emekčpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ emerečpo | ⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲡⲟ emefčpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ emesčpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ emenčpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ emetetn̄čpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ emeučpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ emere- čpo |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ etešaïčpo, ešaïčpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ etešakčpo, ešakčpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ etešarečpo, ešarečpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲡⲟ etešafčpo, ešafčpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ etešasčpo, ešasčpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ etešančpo, ešančpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etešatetn̄čpo, ešatetn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ etešaučpo, ešaučpo | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ etešare- čpo, ešare- čpo |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ etemeïčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ etemekčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ etemerečpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲡⲟ etemefčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ etemesčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ etemenčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etemetetn̄čpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ etemeučpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ etemere- čpo |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ nešaïčpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲡⲟ nešakčpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ nešarečpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϫⲡⲟ nešafčpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲡⲟ nešasčpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ nešančpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nešatetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲡⲟ nešaučpo | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ nešare- čpo |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ nemeïčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ nemekčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ nemerečpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲡⲟ nemefčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ nemesčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ nemenčpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ nemetetn̄čpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ nemeučpo | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ nemere- čpo |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ emeïčpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ emekčpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ emerečpo | ⲉⲙⲉϥϫⲡⲟ emefčpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ emesčpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ emenčpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ emetetn̄čpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ emeučpo | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ emere- čpo |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϫⲡⲟ eïečpo | ⲉⲕⲉϫⲡⲟ ekečpo | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ erečpo | ⲉϥⲉϫⲡⲟ efečpo | ⲉⲥⲉϫⲡⲟ esečpo | ⲉⲛⲉϫⲡⲟ enečpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϫⲡⲟ etetnečpo | ⲉⲩⲉϫⲡⲟ euečpo | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ ere- čpo |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ n̄načpo | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ n̄nekčpo | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϫⲡⲟ n̄nečpo | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϫⲡⲟ n̄nefčpo | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ n̄nesčpo | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ n̄nenčpo | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ n̄netn̄čpo | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ n̄neučpo | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ n̄ne- čpo |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲡⲟ maričpo | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲡⲟ marefčpo | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ maresčpo | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ marn̄čpo | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ maroučpo | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ mare- čpo |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϫⲡⲟ m̄pr̄tračpo | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϫⲡⲟ m̄pr̄trefčpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ m̄pr̄tresčpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ m̄pr̄trenčpo | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ m̄pr̄treučpo | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ m̄pr̄tre- čpo |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϫⲡⲟ, ⲧⲁϫⲡⲟ n̄tačpo, tačpo | ⲛ̄ⲅϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲕϫⲡⲟ n̄gčpo, n̄kčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ n̄tečpo | ⲛ̄ϥϫⲡⲟ n̄fčpo | ⲛ̄ⲥϫⲡⲟ n̄sčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ n̄tn̄čpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ n̄tetn̄čpo | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϫⲡⲟ n̄sečpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ n̄te- čpo |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϫⲡⲟ taričpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ tarekčpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ tarečpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲡⲟ tarefčpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ taresčpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ tarn̄čpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ taretn̄čpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ taroučpo | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ tare- čpo |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϫⲡⲟ n̄teričpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ n̄terekčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϫⲡⲟ n̄terečpo, n̄tererčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϫⲡⲟ n̄terefčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ n̄teresčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ n̄tern̄čpo, n̄terenčpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ n̄teretn̄čpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ n̄teroučpo | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ n̄tere- čpo |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϫⲡⲟ šantičpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϫⲡⲟ šantk̄čpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϫⲡⲟ šantečpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϫⲡⲟ šantf̄čpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϫⲡⲟ šants̄čpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ šantn̄čpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ šantetn̄čpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϫⲡⲟ šantoučpo | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ šante- čpo |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ eïšančpo | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ ekšančpo | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ eršančpo, erešančpo | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ efšančpo | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ esšančpo | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ enšančpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ etetn̄šančpo | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲡⲟ eušančpo | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϫⲡⲟ eršan- čpo |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϫⲡⲟ eïčpo | ⲉⲕϫⲡⲟ ekčpo | ⲉⲣⲉϫⲡⲟ erečpo | ⲉϥϫⲡⲟ efčpo | ⲉⲥϫⲡⲟ esčpo | ⲉⲛϫⲡⲟ enčpo | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϫⲡⲟ etetn̄čpo | ⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ eučpo | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲡⲟ ere- čpo |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Noun

ϫⲡⲟ • (čpo) m
* (Sahidic) birth, fathering
* (Sahidic) product, creature, progeny
* (Sahidic) possession, gain

### Derived terms

* ⲁⲧϫⲡⲟϥ (atčpof, “unborn”)
* ⲣⲉϥϫⲡⲟ (refčpo, “begetter, maker”)
* ϭⲓⲛϫⲡⲟ (cinčpo, “fathering; generation”)

### References

* TLA lemma no. C7299 (ϫⲡⲟ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* TLA lemma no. C7300 (ϫⲡⲟ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* Marcion Coptic dictionary