# 지다
## Korean
### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕida̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [지다]

### Etymology 1

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 耻 (Yale: *ti-).
In the hangul script, first attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 디다 (Yale: ti-ta). Original meaning: "to fall; to drop".

#### Verb

Korean verb set :
| Base | 지다 (jida) |
| Causative | 지우다 (jiuda) |
지다 • (jida) (infinitive 져 or 지어, sequential 지니) (intransitive)
* (auxiliary, after the 어/ 아 infinitive) to become, to get: turns adjectives into processive verbs; expresses change in state.
    ‎새롭다 (saeropda, “to be new”) + ‎지다 (jida) → ‎새로워지다 (saerowojida, “to become new”)
    ‎용감하다 (yonggamhada, “to be brave”) + ‎지다 (jida) → ‎용감해지다 (yonggamhaejida, “to become brave”)
* (auxiliary, after the 어/ 아 infinitive) forms intransitive or passive verbs from processive verbs; see usage notes.
    ‎지나가다 (jinagada, “to pass, go through”) + ‎지다 (jida) → ‎지나가지다 (jinagajida, “to be possible to pass, go through”)
    ‎막다 (makda, “to block”) + ‎지다 (jida) → ‎막아지다 (magajida, “to be blocked”)
    ‎주다 (juda, “to give”) + ‎지다 (jida) → ‎주어지다 (jueojida, “to be given”)
* (auxiliary, after the 어/ 아 infinitive, unproductive) suffix which formed intransitive passive constructions; usually the constructions have deviated from the original modern meaning of the verbs.
    Coordinate term: 뜨리다 (-tteurida)
    ‎부수다 (busuda, “to break”) + ‎지다 (jida) → ‎부서지다 (buseojida, “to be shattered”)
    ‎떨다 (tteolda, “to tremble”) + ‎지다 (jida) → ‎떨어지다 (tteoreojida, “to fall”)
* (of the sun) to sink; to set; to go down
    Antonym: 뜨다 (tteuda)
* (of flowers, also figurative) to wither and fall; to scatter; to be scattered
    Antonym: 피다 (pida)
** 2003, “하망연 [hamang'yeon]”, in 대장금 OST:바람에 지는 아련한 사랑baram-e jineun aryeonhan saranga vague love which disappears with the wind
* to come out (with a wash); to be removed; to be washed off
* (obsolete, original meaning) to fall

##### Usage notes

* For the second auxiliary sense, the meaning of the suffix differs if the verb is intransitive, intransitive passive, or transitive.
** For intransitive verbs, the suffix usually adds the meaning of potentiality, which, usually, goes over the speaker's expectations of the action happening.
** For intransitive passive verbs, the suffix doesn't add any special meaning. This is usually done when the base transitive verb cannot take 어지다 (-eojida): 읽다 (ikda) -> 읽혀지다 (ilkyeojida), but *읽어지다 (*ilgeojida) is not correct. However, do note that this use of 어지다 (-eojida) is seen to be incorrect by the National Institute of Korean Language.
** For transitive and ditransitive verbs, the suffix forms an intransitive verb with passive meaning. In such case, not every verb can have 어지다 (-eojida) added to it; see above.

##### Derived terms

* 가로지다 (garojida)
* 꺾어지다 (kkeokkeojida, “to break, snap (intransitive)”)
* 넘어지다 (neomeojida, “to fall, collapse”)
* 부러지다 (bureojida, “to break”)
* 쓰러지다 (sseureojida, “to fall, collapse”)

#### Suffix

—지다 • (-jida)
* Attached to nominal or verbal roots to form adjectives carrying the meaning of “with the characteristics of...”.

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 지다 (Yale: ci-ta).

#### Verb

Korean verb set :
| Base | 지다 (jida) |
| Causative | 지우다 (jiuda) |
지다 • (jida) (infinitive 져 or 지어, sequential 지니) (transitive)
* to carry on one's back; to bear
    등에 짐을 지다. ― Deung-e jim-eul jida. ― to carry a load on one's back
* (figurative) to undertake; to be charged with (the duty of); to assume (the responsibility of)
* (figurative) to fall into (debt); to incur (a debt)
    10억원의 빚을 지다. ― Sibeogwon-ui bij-eul jida. ― to owe 1 billion won

##### Derived terms

* 지게 (jige)
* 짊다 (jimda)
* 짐 (jim)

### Etymology 3

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 디다 (Yale: ti-ta).
Also attested in the Beonyeok Bak Tongsa (飜譯朴通事 / 번역박통사), before 1517, as Middle Korean 지다 (Yale: ci-ta).

#### Verb

Korean verb set :
| Base | 지다 (jida) |
| Passive | 지우다 (jiuda) |
지다 • (jida) (infinitive 져 or 지어, sequential 지니) (transitive or intransitive)
* to be defeated; to lose; to be beaten
    Synonyms: 패(敗)하다 (paehada), 패배(敗北)하다 (paebaehada)
    Antonym: 이기다 (igida)
    게임에서 지다 ― geim-eseo jida ― to lose a game
    경기에서 지다 ― gyeonggi-eseo jida ― to lose a match
    싸움을 지다 ― ssaum-eul jida ― to lose a battle
* to surrender (to); to bow (to)
* to be inferior (to); to be second (to)

##### Derived terms

* 뒤지다 (dwijida)

## Middle Korean
### Pronunciation

IPA: /tsita/

### Verb

지다 (cita)
* (auxiliary) to want, to desire
** 14th century?, “鄭石歌 (Jeongseok-ga)”, in 樂章歌詞 (Akjang Gasa):그쇠텰초를머거아유덕ᄒᆞ신님여ᄒᆡᄋᆞ와지이다ku soy tyelcwo-lul mekeya yutek-hosin nim yehoyowa cingitaOnly if that cow eats iron grass shall I desire to depart from my virtuous lover