# ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲑⲱϩⲉⲙ (thōhem) — Bohairic
* ⲧⲱϩⲙ (tōhm) — Sahidic
* ⲧⲱϩⲙⲉ (tōhme) — Akhmimic, Lycopolitan

### Etymology

From Egyptian thm (“to knock on door”)

### Verb

ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ • (tōhem) (nominal state ⲧⲁϩⲉⲙ-, pronominal state ⲧⲁϩⲙ⸗, stative ⲧⲁϩⲉⲙ)
* (Fayyumic, intransitive) to knock (on door); to summon, invite
* (Fayyumic, transitive) to summon

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tōhem | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tōhem |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ štemtōhem | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲡⲉⲗⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpeltōhem, peltōhem |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ titōhem | ⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ktōhem | ⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tetōhem | ϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ftōhem | ⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ stōhem | ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tentōhem | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tetentōhem | ⲥⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ setōhem | ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tōhem |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eitōhem | ⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ektōhem | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eletōhem | ⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eftōhem | ⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ estōhem | ⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ entōhem | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eletentōhem | ⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eutōhem | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ele- tōhem |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etitōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etektōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etetōhem | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eteftōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etestōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etentōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etetentōhem | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etoutōhem | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ete- tōhem, etele- tōhem |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ naitōhem | ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ naktōhem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ naletōhem | ⲛⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ naftōhem | ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nastōhem | ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nantōhem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ naletentōhem | ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nautōhem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nale- tōhem |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aitōhem | ⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aktōhem | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aletōhem | ⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aftōhem | ⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ astōhem | ⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ antōhem | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aletentōhem | ⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ autōhem | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ale- tōhem |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tinetōhem | ⲕⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ knetōhem | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tenetōhem | ϥⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ fnetōhem | ⲥⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ snetōhem | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tennetōhem | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tetennetōhem | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ senetōhem | ⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ netōhem |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ einetōhem | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eknetōhem | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ elenetōhem | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ efnetōhem | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ esnetōhem | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ennetōhem | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eletennetōhem | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eunetōhem | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ele- netōhem |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etinetōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eteknetōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etenetōhem | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etefnetōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etesnetōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etennetōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etetennetōhem | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etounetōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etele- netōhem |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nainetōhem | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ naknetōhem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nalenetōhem | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nafnetōhem | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nasnetōhem | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nannetōhem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ naletennetōhem | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ naunetōhem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nale- netōhem |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ainetōhem | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aknetōhem | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ alenetōhem | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ afnetōhem | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ asnetōhem | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ annetōhem | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aletennetōhem | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aunetōhem | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ale- netōhem |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aitōhem | ⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aktōhem | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aletōhem | ⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aftōhem | ⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ astōhem | ⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ antōhem | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ atetentōhem | ⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ autōhem | ⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ a- tōhem |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpitōhem | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpektōhem | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpetōhem | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpeftōhem | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpestōhem | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpentōhem | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpetentōhem | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpoutōhem | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpe- tōhem |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eaitōhem | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eaktōhem | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ealetōhem | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eaftōhem | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eastōhem | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eantōhem | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eatetentōhem | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eautōhem | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ea- tōhem |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empitōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empektōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empetōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empeftōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empestōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empentōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empetentōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empoutōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empe- tōhem |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntaitōhem | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntaktōhem | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntaletōhem | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntaftōhem | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntastōhem | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntantōhem | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etaletentōhem | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntautōhem | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nta- tōhem |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempitōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempektōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempetōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempeftōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempestōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempentōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempetentōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempoutōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempe- tōhem |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nneaitōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nneaktōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnealetōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nneaftōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nneastōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nneantōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nneatetentōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nneautōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnea- tōhem |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempitōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempektōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempetōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempeftōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempestōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempentōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempetentōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempoutōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempe- tōhem |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aaitōhem | ⲁⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aaktōhem | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aaletōhem | ⲁⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aaftōhem | ⲁⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aastōhem | ⲁⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aantōhem | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etaletentōhem | ⲁⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aautōhem | ⲁⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aa- tōhem |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpatitōhem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpatektōhem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpatetōhem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpateftōhem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpatestōhem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpatentōhem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpatetentōhem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpatoutōhem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpate- tōhem |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empatitōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empatektōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empatetōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empateftōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empatestōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empatentōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empatetentōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empatoutōhem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ empate- tōhem |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempatitōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempatektōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempatetōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempateftōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempatestōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempatentōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempatetentōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempatoutōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etempate- tōhem |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempatitōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempatektōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempatetōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempateftōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempatestōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempatentōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempatetentōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempatoutōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnempate- tōhem |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šaitōhem | ϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šaktōhem | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šaletōhem | ϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šaftōhem | ϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šastōhem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šantōhem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šatetentōhem | ϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šautōhem | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šale- tōhem |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ meitōhem | ⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mektōhem | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ meletōhem | ⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ meftōhem | ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mestōhem | ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mentōhem | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ meletentōhem | ⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ meutōhem | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mele- tōhem |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ešaitōhem | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ešaktōhem | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ešaletōhem | ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ešaftōhem | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ešastōhem | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ešantōhem | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ešatetentōhem | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ešautōhem | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ešale- tōhem |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ emeitōhem | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ emektōhem | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ emeletōhem | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ emeftōhem | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ emestōhem | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ementōhem | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ emeletentōhem | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ emeutōhem | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ emele- tōhem |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etešaitōhem, nšaitōhem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etešaktōhem, nšaktōhem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etešaletōhem, nšaletōhem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etešaftōhem, nšaftōhem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etešastōhem, nšastōhem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etešantōhem, nšantōhem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etešatetentōhem, nšatetentōhem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etešautōhem, nšautōhem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etešale- tōhem, nšale- tōhem |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etemeitōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etemektōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etemeletōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etemeftōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etemestōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etementōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etemeletentōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etemeutōhem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ etemele- tōhem |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnešaitōhem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnešaktōhem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnešaletōhem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnešaftōhem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnešastōhem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnešantōhem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnešatetentōhem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnešautōhem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnešale- tōhem |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnemeitōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnemektōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnemeletōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnemeftōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnemestōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnementōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnemeletentōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnemeutōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnemele- tōhem |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nmeitōhem | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nmektōhem | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nmeletōhem | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nmeftōhem | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nmestōhem | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nmentōhem | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nmeletentōhem | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nmeutōhem | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nmele- tōhem |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eietōhem | ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eketōhem | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eletōhem | ⲉϥⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ efetōhem | ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ esetōhem | ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ enetōhem | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eletenetōhem | ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ euetōhem | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ele- tōhem |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnatōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnektōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnetōhem | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nneftōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnestōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnentōhem | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnetentōhem | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nnoutōhem | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nne- tōhem |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ malitōhem | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ maleftōhem | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ malestōhem | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ malentōhem | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ maloutōhem | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ male- tōhem |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpeltritōhem | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpeltreftōhem | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpeltrestōhem | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpeltrentōhem | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpeltreutōhem | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ mpeltre- tōhem |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tatōhem, ntatōhem | ⲛⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nktōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntetōhem | ⲛϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nftōhem | ⲛⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nstōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntentōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntetentōhem | ⲛⲥⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nsetōhem | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nte- tōhem |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ talitōhem, ntalitōhem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ talektōhem, ntalektōhem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ taletōhem, ntaletōhem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ taleftōhem, ntaleftōhem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ talestōhem, ntalestōhem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ talentōhem, ntalentōhem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ taletentōhem, ntaletentōhem | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ taloutōhem, ntaloutōhem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ tale- tōhem, ntale- tōhem |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntelitōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntelektōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nteletōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nteleftōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntelestōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntelentōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nteletentōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ nteloutōhem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ntele- tōhem |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šantitōhem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šantektōhem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šantetōhem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šanteftōhem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šantestōhem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šantentōhem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šantetentōhem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šantoutōhem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ šante- tōhem |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eišantōhem | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ekšantōhem | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ elešantōhem | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ efšantōhem | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ esšantōhem | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ enšantōhem | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eletenšantōhem | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ eušantōhem | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ elešan- tōhem, elšan- tōhem |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aitōhem | ⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aktōhem | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aletōhem | ⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aftōhem | ⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ astōhem | ⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ antōhem | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ aletentōhem | ⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ autōhem | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ ale- tōhem |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### Noun

ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ • (tōhem) m
* (Fayyumic) calling, convocation

### References

* Marcion Coptic dictionary
* TLA lemma no. C4798 (ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* TLA lemma no. C4799 (ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),