# 信用
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xìnyòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄩㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seon$^3$ jung$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sin-yung
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sìn-iōng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shin-yon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xìnyòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄩㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìnyòng
*** Wade–Giles: hsin$^4$-yung$^4$
*** Yale: syìn-yùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinnyonq
*** Palladius: синьюн (sinʹjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ jʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seon$^3$ jung$^6$
*** Yale: seun yuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soen$^3$ jung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sên$^3$ yung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵn³³ jʊŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sin-yung
*** Hakka Romanization System: xin iung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xin$^4$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin⁵⁵ i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sin-yung
*** Hakka Romanization System: xin (r)iung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xin$^4$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sin⁵⁵ (j)i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìn-iōng
*** Tâi-lô: sìn-iōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sien'iong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shin-yon
*** MiniDict: shin$^去$ yon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xin-hhion
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin³³ ɦioŋ⁴⁴/

### Noun

信用
* (law, business, finance) credit; creditworthiness
* trustworthiness

#### Synonyms

* (credit; trustworthiness): 信譽／信誉 (xìnyù)

### Verb

信用
* to trust and appoint
* (Eastern Min) to believe

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 相信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 相信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 相信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 相信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 相信, 信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 相信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 相信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 信 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 信 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 相信, 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 相信, 信服, 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 相信, 信 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 相信 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 信, 相信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 相信, 信, 信實 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 相信, 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 相信, 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 相信, 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 相信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 相信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 相信, 信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 相信, 信 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 相信, 信 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 相信, 信 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 信 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 相信, 信 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 信 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 相信 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 相信 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 相信 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 相信 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 相信 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 相信 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 相信 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 相信 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 相信 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 相信, 信 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Jin | Linhe | 相信, 信 |
| Jin | Jining | 相信 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 相信, 信 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 相信 |
| Jin | Handan | 相信, 信 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 相信 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 相信, 信用, 信 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 相信, 相 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 相信 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 信 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 相信 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 相信 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 相信 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 相信 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 相信 |
| Wu | Danyang | 相信 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 相信 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 相信 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 相信, 信 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 相信 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 信 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 信 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 相信, 信 |

### Derived terms

* 信用卡 (xìnyòngkǎ)
* 信用合作社 (xìnyòng hézuòshè)
* 信用狀／信用状 (xìnyòngzhuàng)
* 信用等級評定／信用等级评定 (xìnyòng děngjí píngdìng)
* 信用評級／信用评级 (xìnyòng píngjí)
* 信用證／信用证 (xìnyòngzhèng)
* 信用貸款／信用贷款 (xìnyòng dàikuǎn)
* 信用額度／信用额度 (xìnyòng édù)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 信用(しんよう) (shin'yō)
* → Korean: 신용(信用) (sinyong)
* → Vietnamese: tín dụng (信用)

### References

* “Entry #4726”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 信 | 用 |
| しん Grade: 4 | よう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんよー [shìń'yóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩɰ̃jo̞ː]

### Noun

信(しん)用(よう) • (shin'yō)
* belief, trust, confidence
* reliance

### Verb

信(しん)用(よう)する • (shin'yō suru) suru (stem 信(しん)用(よう)し (shin'yō shi), past 信(しん)用(よう)した (shin'yō shita))
* to believe, to trust
* to rely on

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 信用し | しんようし | shin'yō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 信用し | しんようし | shin'yō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 信用する | しんようする | shin'yō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 信用する | しんようする | shin'yō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 信用すれ | しんようすれ | shin'yō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 信用せよ¹ 信用しろ² | しんようせよ¹ しんようしろ² | shin'yō seyo¹ shin'yō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 信用される | しんようされる | shin'yō sareru |
| Causative | 信用させる 信用さす | しんようさせる しんようさす | shin'yō saseru shin'yō sasu |
| Potential | 信用できる | しんようできる | shin'yō dekiru |
| Volitional | 信用しよう | しんようしよう | shin'yō shiyō |
| Negative | 信用しない | しんようしない | shin'yō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 信用せず | しんようせず | shin'yō sezu |
| Formal | 信用します | しんようします | shin'yō shimasu |
| Perfective | 信用した | しんようした | shin'yō shita |
| Conjunctive | 信用して | しんようして | shin'yō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 信用すれば | しんようすれば | shin'yō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 信 | 用 |

### Noun

信用 • (sinyong) (hangeul 신용)
* hanja form of 신용 (“credit, credibility, confidence, trust”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 信 | 用 |

### Noun

信用
* chữ Hán form of tín dụng (“credit”).