# лѧхъ
## Old East Slavic
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lęxъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɛ̃xʊ/→/ˈlʲaxʊ/→/ˈlʲax/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /ˈlɛ̃xʊ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /ˈlʲaxʊ/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /ˈlʲax/
** Hyphenation: лѧ‧хъ

### Noun

лѧхъ (lęxŭ) m (related adjective лѧдьскъ)
* Lechite; Pole
* (in the plural) Poland (a country in Europe)
** 1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex‎, page 160:ѿтуда пакꙑ на лѣто володимерю ѡпѧть· та посла мѧ с҃тославъ в лѧхꙑotŭtuda paky na lěto volodimerju opętĭ· ta posla mę s:toslavŭ v lęxythence again to Volodimir for the summer; and Svyatoslav sent me to Poland

#### Descendants

* Old Ruthenian: лѧхъ (ljax), лєхъ (ljex)
** Belarusian: лях (ljax)
** Carpathian Rusyn: Лях (Ljax)
** Ukrainian: лях (ljax)
** → Czech: Ľach (dialectal)
** → Polish: Lach
** → Romanian: leah
** → Ottoman Turkish: له (leh)
*** Turkish: Leh
*** → Middle Armenian: լեհ (leh)
**** Armenian: լեհ (leh)
* Russian: лях (ljax) (see there for further descendants)
* → Old Lithuanian:
** Lithuanian: lénkas

## Old Ruthenian
### Alternative forms

* лєхъ (ljex)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic лѧхъ (lęxŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lęxъ, from *lęděninъ. Cognate with Russian лях (ljax).

### Noun

лѧхъ • (ljax) m pers (nominative plural лѧ́хи or лѧ́хы)
* Pole, Polish man, Polack
    Synonym: полѧ́къ (polják)
* (in the plural) Polish people
* (in the plural) Poland (a country in Europe); Rzeczpospolita, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
* (in the plural) Polish army

#### Derived terms

* Лѧхъ (Ljax) (surname)

#### Descendants

* Belarusian: лях (ljax)
* Carpathian Rusyn: Лях (Ljax)
* Ukrainian: лях (ljax)
* → Czech: Ľach (dialectal)
* → Polish: Lach
* → Romanian: leah
* → Ottoman Turkish: له (leh)
** Turkish: Leh
** → Middle Armenian: լեհ (leh)
*** Armenian: լեհ (leh)

### References

* ↑ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*lęxъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 57
* ↑ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “лях”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 343
* ↑ Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1972–1982) “лях”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 788: “MUk. ляхъ (1736)”
* ↑ Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1990), “лях₁”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 6 (лі́ра – мая́чыць), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 144

### Further reading

* Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “лѧх; *лѧхы”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 569
* Bulyka, A. M., editor (1998), “ляхъ, лехъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 17 (лесничий – местский), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 211
* Chikalo, M. I., editor (2013), “ляхъ, лехъ, ліахъ, лѧхъ”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 16 (легкомыслность – лѧчи), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 196