# shintsha
## Zulu
### Etymology

Borrowed from English change.

### Verb

-shintsha
* to change
* to switch

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukushintsha |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukushintsha | ukungashintshi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | shintsha | -shintshe |
| Plural | shintshani | -shintsheni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyashintsha, ngishintsha | engishintshayo, engishintsha | ngishintsha | angishintshi | engingashintshi | ngingashintshi |
| 2nd singular | uyashintsha, ushintsha | oshintshayo, oshintsha | ushintsha | awushintshi | ongashintshi | ungashintshi |
| 1st plural | siyashintsha, sishintsha | esishintshayo, esishintsha | sishintsha | asishintshi | esingashintshi | singashintshi |
| 2nd plural | niyashintsha, nishintsha | enishintshayo, enishintsha | nishintsha | anishintshi | eningashintshi | ningashintshi |
| Class 1 | uyashintsha, ushintsha | oshintshayo, oshintsha | eshintsha | akashintshi | ongashintshi | engashintshi |
| Class 2 | bayashintsha, bashintsha | abashintshayo, abashintsha | beshintsha | abashintshi | abangashintshi | bengashintshi |
| Class 3 | uyashintsha, ushintsha | oshintshayo, oshintsha | ushintsha | awushintshi | ongashintshi | ungashintshi |
| Class 4 | iyashintsha, ishintsha | eshintshayo, eshintsha | ishintsha | ayishintshi | engashintshi | ingashintshi |
| Class 5 | liyashintsha, lishintsha | elishintshayo, elishintsha | lishintsha | alishintshi | elingashintshi | lingashintshi |
| Class 6 | ayashintsha, ashintsha | ashintshayo, ashintsha | eshintsha | awashintshi | angashintshi | engashintshi |
| Class 7 | siyashintsha, sishintsha | esishintshayo, esishintsha | sishintsha | asishintshi | esingashintshi | singashintshi |
| Class 8 | ziyashintsha, zishintsha | ezishintshayo, ezishintsha | zishintsha | azishintshi | ezingashintshi | zingashintshi |
| Class 9 | iyashintsha, ishintsha | eshintshayo, eshintsha | ishintsha | ayishintshi | engashintshi | ingashintshi |
| Class 10 | ziyashintsha, zishintsha | ezishintshayo, ezishintsha | zishintsha | azishintshi | ezingashintshi | zingashintshi |
| Class 11 | luyashintsha, lushintsha | olushintshayo, olushintsha | lushintsha | alushintshi | olungashintshi | lungashintshi |
| Class 14 | buyashintsha, bushintsha | obushintshayo, obushintsha | bushintsha | abushintshi | obungashintshi | bungashintshi |
| Class 15 | kuyashintsha, kushintsha | okushintshayo, okushintsha | kushintsha | akushintshi | okungashintshi | kungashintshi |
| Class 17 | kuyashintsha, kushintsha | okushintshayo, okushintsha | kushintsha | akushintshi | okungashintshi | kungashintshi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngishintshile, ngishintshē | engishintshile, engishintshē | ngishintshile, ngishintshē | angishintshanga | engingashintshanga | ngingashintshanga |
| 2nd singular | ushintshile, ushintshē | oshintshile, oshintshē | ushintshile, ushintshē | awushintshanga | ongashintshanga | ungashintshanga |
| 1st plural | sishintshile, sishintshē | esishintshile, esishintshē | sishintshile, sishintshē | asishintshanga | esingashintshanga | singashintshanga |
| 2nd plural | nishintshile, nishintshē | enishintshile, enishintshē | nishintshile, nishintshē | anishintshanga | eningashintshanga | ningashintshanga |
| Class 1 | ushintshile, ushintshē | oshintshile, oshintshē | eshintshile, eshintshē | akashintshanga | ongashintshanga | engashintshanga |
| Class 2 | bashintshile, bashintshē | abashintshile, abashintshē | beshintshile, beshintshē | abashintshanga | abangashintshanga | bengashintshanga |
| Class 3 | ushintshile, ushintshē | oshintshile, oshintshē | ushintshile, ushintshē | awushintshanga | ongashintshanga | ungashintshanga |
| Class 4 | ishintshile, ishintshē | eshintshile, eshintshē | ishintshile, ishintshē | ayishintshanga | engashintshanga | ingashintshanga |
| Class 5 | lishintshile, lishintshē | elishintshile, elishintshē | lishintshile, lishintshē | alishintshanga | elingashintshanga | lingashintshanga |
| Class 6 | ashintshile, ashintshē | ashintshile, ashintshē | eshintshile, eshintshē | awashintshanga | angashintshanga | engashintshanga |
| Class 7 | sishintshile, sishintshē | esishintshile, esishintshē | sishintshile, sishintshē | asishintshanga | esingashintshanga | singashintshanga |
| Class 8 | zishintshile, zishintshē | ezishintshile, ezishintshē | zishintshile, zishintshē | azishintshanga | ezingashintshanga | zingashintshanga |
| Class 9 | ishintshile, ishintshē | eshintshile, eshintshē | ishintshile, ishintshē | ayishintshanga | engashintshanga | ingashintshanga |
| Class 10 | zishintshile, zishintshē | ezishintshile, ezishintshē | zishintshile, zishintshē | azishintshanga | ezingashintshanga | zingashintshanga |
| Class 11 | lushintshile, lushintshē | olushintshile, olushintshē | lushintshile, lushintshē | alushintshanga | olungashintshanga | lungashintshanga |
| Class 14 | bushintshile, bushintshē | obushintshile, obushintshē | bushintshile, bushintshē | abushintshanga | obungashintshanga | bungashintshanga |
| Class 15 | kushintshile, kushintshē | okushintshile, okushintshē | kushintshile, kushintshē | akushintshanga | okungashintshanga | kungashintshanga |
| Class 17 | kushintshile, kushintshē | okushintshile, okushintshē | kushintshile, kushintshē | akushintshanga | okungashintshanga | kungashintshanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāshintsha | engāshintsha | ngāshintsha | angishintshanga | engingashintshanga | ngingashintshanga |
| 2nd singular | wāshintsha | owāshintsha | wāshintsha | awushintshanga | ongashintshanga | ungashintshanga |
| 1st plural | sāshintsha | esāshintsha | sāshintsha | asishintshanga | esingashintshanga | singashintshanga |
| 2nd plural | nāshintsha | enāshintsha | nāshintsha | anishintshanga | eningashintshanga | ningashintshanga |
| Class 1 | wāshintsha | owāshintsha | āshintsha | akashintshanga | ongashintshanga | engashintshanga |
| Class 2 | bāshintsha | abāshintsha | bāshintsha | abashintshanga | abangashintshanga | bengashintshanga |
| Class 3 | wāshintsha | owāshintsha | wāshintsha | awushintshanga | ongashintshanga | ungashintshanga |
| Class 4 | yāshintsha | eyāshintsha | yāshintsha | ayishintshanga | engashintshanga | ingashintshanga |
| Class 5 | lāshintsha | elāshintsha | lāshintsha | alishintshanga | elingashintshanga | lingashintshanga |
| Class 6 | āshintsha | āshintsha | āshintsha | awashintshanga | angashintshanga | engashintshanga |
| Class 7 | sāshintsha | esāshintsha | sāshintsha | asishintshanga | esingashintshanga | singashintshanga |
| Class 8 | zāshintsha | ezāshintsha | zāshintsha | azishintshanga | ezingashintshanga | zingashintshanga |
| Class 9 | yāshintsha | eyāshintsha | yāshintsha | ayishintshanga | engashintshanga | ingashintshanga |
| Class 10 | zāshintsha | ezāshintsha | zāshintsha | azishintshanga | ezingashintshanga | zingashintshanga |
| Class 11 | lwāshintsha | olwāshintsha | lwāshintsha | alushintshanga | olungashintshanga | lungashintshanga |
| Class 14 | bāshintsha | obāshintsha | bāshintsha | abushintshanga | obungashintshanga | bungashintshanga |
| Class 15 | kwāshintsha | okwāshintsha | kwāshintsha | akushintshanga | okungashintshanga | kungashintshanga |
| Class 17 | kwāshintsha | okwāshintsha | kwāshintsha | akushintshanga | okungashintshanga | kungashintshanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingashintsha | — | ngingashintsha | ngingeshintshe | — | ngingeshintshe |
| 2nd singular | ungashintsha | — | ungashintsha | ungeshintshe | — | ungeshintshe |
| 1st plural | singashintsha | — | singashintsha | singeshintshe | — | singeshintshe |
| 2nd plural | ningashintsha | — | ningashintsha | ningeshintshe | — | ningeshintshe |
| Class 1 | angashintsha | — | engashintsha | angeshintshe | — | engeshintshe |
| Class 2 | bangashintsha | — | bengashintsha | bangeshintshe | — | bengeshintshe |
| Class 3 | ungashintsha | — | ungashintsha | ungeshintshe | — | ungeshintshe |
| Class 4 | ingashintsha | — | ingashintsha | ingeshintshe | — | ingeshintshe |
| Class 5 | lingashintsha | — | lingashintsha | lingeshintshe | — | lingeshintshe |
| Class 6 | angashintsha | — | engashintsha | angeshintshe | — | engeshintshe |
| Class 7 | singashintsha | — | singashintsha | singeshintshe | — | singeshintshe |
| Class 8 | zingashintsha | — | zingashintsha | zingeshintshe | — | zingeshintshe |
| Class 9 | ingashintsha | — | ingashintsha | ingeshintshe | — | ingeshintshe |
| Class 10 | zingashintsha | — | zingashintsha | zingeshintshe | — | zingeshintshe |
| Class 11 | lungashintsha | — | lungashintsha | lungeshintshe | — | lungeshintshe |
| Class 14 | bungashintsha | — | bungashintsha | bungeshintshe | — | bungeshintshe |
| Class 15 | kungashintsha | — | kungashintsha | kungeshintshe | — | kungeshintshe |
| Class 17 | kungashintsha | — | kungashintsha | kungeshintshe | — | kungeshintshe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoshintsha | engizoshintsha | ngizoshintsha | angizushintsha | engingezushintsha | ngingezushintsha |
| 2nd singular | uzoshintsha | ozoshintsha | uzoshintsha | awuzushintsha | ongezushintsha | ungezushintsha |
| 1st plural | sizoshintsha | esizoshintsha | sizoshintsha | asizushintsha | esingezushintsha | singezushintsha |
| 2nd plural | nizoshintsha | enizoshintsha | nizoshintsha | anizushintsha | eningezushintsha | ningezushintsha |
| Class 1 | uzoshintsha | ozoshintsha | ezoshintsha | akazushintsha | ongezushintsha | engezushintsha |
| Class 2 | bazoshintsha | abazoshintsha | bezoshintsha | abazushintsha | abangezushintsha | bengezushintsha |
| Class 3 | uzoshintsha | ozoshintsha | uzoshintsha | awuzushintsha | ongezushintsha | ungezushintsha |
| Class 4 | izoshintsha | ezoshintsha | izoshintsha | ayizushintsha | engezushintsha | ingezushintsha |
| Class 5 | lizoshintsha | elizoshintsha | lizoshintsha | alizushintsha | elingezushintsha | lingezushintsha |
| Class 6 | azoshintsha | azoshintsha | ezoshintsha | awazushintsha | angezushintsha | engezushintsha |
| Class 7 | sizoshintsha | esizoshintsha | sizoshintsha | asizushintsha | esingezushintsha | singezushintsha |
| Class 8 | zizoshintsha | ezizoshintsha | zizoshintsha | azizushintsha | ezingezushintsha | zingezushintsha |
| Class 9 | izoshintsha | ezoshintsha | izoshintsha | ayizushintsha | engezushintsha | ingezushintsha |
| Class 10 | zizoshintsha | ezizoshintsha | zizoshintsha | azizushintsha | ezingezushintsha | zingezushintsha |
| Class 11 | luzoshintsha | oluzoshintsha | luzoshintsha | aluzushintsha | olungezushintsha | lungezushintsha |
| Class 14 | buzoshintsha | obuzoshintsha | buzoshintsha | abuzushintsha | obungezushintsha | bungezushintsha |
| Class 15 | kuzoshintsha | okuzoshintsha | kuzoshintsha | akuzushintsha | okungezushintsha | kungezushintsha |
| Class 17 | kuzoshintsha | okuzoshintsha | kuzoshintsha | akuzushintsha | okungezushintsha | kungezushintsha |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoshintsha | engiyoshintsha | ngiyoshintsha | angiyushintsha | engingeyushintsha | ngingeyushintsha |
| 2nd singular | uyoshintsha | oyoshintsha | uyoshintsha | awuyushintsha | ongeyushintsha | ungeyushintsha |
| 1st plural | siyoshintsha | esiyoshintsha | siyoshintsha | asiyushintsha | esingeyushintsha | singeyushintsha |
| 2nd plural | niyoshintsha | eniyoshintsha | niyoshintsha | aniyushintsha | eningeyushintsha | ningeyushintsha |
| Class 1 | uyoshintsha | oyoshintsha | eyoshintsha | akayushintsha | ongeyushintsha | engeyushintsha |
| Class 2 | bayoshintsha | abayoshintsha | beyoshintsha | abayushintsha | abangeyushintsha | bengeyushintsha |
| Class 3 | uyoshintsha | oyoshintsha | uyoshintsha | awuyushintsha | ongeyushintsha | ungeyushintsha |
| Class 4 | iyoshintsha | eyoshintsha | iyoshintsha | ayiyushintsha | engeyushintsha | ingeyushintsha |
| Class 5 | liyoshintsha | eliyoshintsha | liyoshintsha | aliyushintsha | elingeyushintsha | lingeyushintsha |
| Class 6 | ayoshintsha | ayoshintsha | eyoshintsha | awayushintsha | angeyushintsha | engeyushintsha |
| Class 7 | siyoshintsha | esiyoshintsha | siyoshintsha | asiyushintsha | esingeyushintsha | singeyushintsha |
| Class 8 | ziyoshintsha | eziyoshintsha | ziyoshintsha | aziyushintsha | ezingeyushintsha | zingeyushintsha |
| Class 9 | iyoshintsha | eyoshintsha | iyoshintsha | ayiyushintsha | engeyushintsha | ingeyushintsha |
| Class 10 | ziyoshintsha | eziyoshintsha | ziyoshintsha | aziyushintsha | ezingeyushintsha | zingeyushintsha |
| Class 11 | luyoshintsha | oluyoshintsha | luyoshintsha | aluyushintsha | olungeyushintsha | lungeyushintsha |
| Class 14 | buyoshintsha | obuyoshintsha | buyoshintsha | abuyushintsha | obungeyushintsha | bungeyushintsha |
| Class 15 | kuyoshintsha | okuyoshintsha | kuyoshintsha | akuyushintsha | okungeyushintsha | kungeyushintsha |
| Class 17 | kuyoshintsha | okuyoshintsha | kuyoshintsha | akuyushintsha | okungeyushintsha | kungeyushintsha |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngishintshe | ngingashintshi |
| 2nd singular | ushintshe | ungashintshi |
| 1st plural | sishintshe | singashintshi |
| 2nd plural | nishintshe | ningashintshi |
| Class 1 | ashintshe | angashintshi |
| Class 2 | bashintshe | bangashintshi |
| Class 3 | ushintshe | ungashintshi |
| Class 4 | ishintshe | ingashintshi |
| Class 5 | lishintshe | lingashintshi |
| Class 6 | ashintshe | angashintshi |
| Class 7 | sishintshe | singashintshi |
| Class 8 | zishintshe | zingashintshi |
| Class 9 | ishintshe | ingashintshi |
| Class 10 | zishintshe | zingashintshi |
| Class 11 | lushintshe | lungashintshi |
| Class 14 | bushintshe | bungashintshi |
| Class 15 | kushintshe | kungashintshi |
| Class 17 | kushintshe | kungashintshi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngashintsha | ngangashintsha, angashintsha, angangashintsha |
| 2nd singular | washintsha | wangashintsha, awashintsha, awangashintsha |
| 1st plural | sashintsha | sangashintsha, asashintsha, asangashintsha |
| 2nd plural | nashintsha | nangashintsha, anashintsha, anangashintsha |
| Class 1 | washintsha | wangashintsha, akashintsha, akangashintsha |
| Class 2 | bashintsha | bangashintsha, abashintsha, abangashintsha |
| Class 3 | washintsha | wangashintsha, awashintsha, awangashintsha |
| Class 4 | yashintsha | yangashintsha, ayashintsha, ayangashintsha |
| Class 5 | lashintsha | langashintsha, alashintsha, alangashintsha |
| Class 6 | ashintsha | angashintsha, awashintsha, awangashintsha |
| Class 7 | sashintsha | sangashintsha, asashintsha, asangashintsha |
| Class 8 | zashintsha | zangashintsha, azashintsha, azangashintsha |
| Class 9 | yashintsha | yangashintsha, ayashintsha, ayangashintsha |
| Class 10 | zashintsha | zangashintsha, azashintsha, azangashintsha |
| Class 11 | lwashintsha | lwangashintsha, alwashintsha, alwangashintsha |
| Class 14 | bashintsha | bangashintsha, abashintsha, abangashintsha |
| Class 15 | kwashintsha | kwangashintsha, akwashintsha, akwangashintsha |
| Class 17 | kwashintsha | kwangashintsha, akwashintsha, akwangashintsha |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shintsha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shintsha (6.3)”