# 無聊
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wúliáo
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^4$ liu$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): u$^4$ lieu$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mò-liàu / vù-liàu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bû-liâu / bô-liâu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bho$^5$ liao$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wúliáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wúliáo
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^2$-liao$^2$
*** Yale: wú-lyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuliau
*** Palladius: уляо (uljao)
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$ liu$^4$
*** Yale: mòuh lìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$ liu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$ liu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹ liːu̯²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: u$^4$ lieu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵ liɛu³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mò-liàu / vù-liàu
*** Hakka Romanization System: mo$^ˇ$ liau$^ˇ$ / vu$^ˇ$ liau$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mo$^2$ liau$^2$ / vu$^2$ liau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹ li̯au̯¹¹/, /vu¹¹ li̯au̯¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vù-liàu
*** Hakka Romanization System: vu$^ˇ$ liau$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vu$^2$ liau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /vu¹¹ li̯au̯¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-liâu
*** Tâi-lô: bû-liâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: buliaau
*** IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ liau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ liau²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² liau¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô-liâu
*** Tâi-lô: bô-liâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boiliaau
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ²³⁻³³ liau²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bo²⁴⁻¹¹ liau²⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /bo²⁴⁻²¹ liau²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bho$^5$ liao$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bô liâu
*** Sinological IPA : /bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ liau⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: mju lew
Rime :
| Character | 無 | 聊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 武夫切 | 落蕭切 |
| Baxter | mju | lew |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨo/ | /leu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mio/ | /leu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mio/ | /leu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muə̆/ | /lɛw/ |
| Li Rong | /mio/ | /leu/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭu/ | /lieu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯u/ | /lieu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wú | liáo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^4$ | liu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ma [r]ˤiw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ma m·rɯːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 無 | 聊 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wú | liáo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mju › | ‹ lew › |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*[r]ˁiw/ |
| English | not have | rely on |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 無 | 聊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13117 | 8878 |
| Phonetic component | 無 | 卯 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 無 | 聊 |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*m·rɯːw/ |

### Adjective

無聊
* bored (suffering from boredom)
       Wǒ méi shénme shì gàn, zhèng wúliáo zhe. [Pinyin]
       I haven't been up to much, just being bored.
* boring; tedious; drab; dull
       Zhè bù diànyǐng hěn wúliáo. [Pinyin]
       This movie is boring.
       Lián zhèi zhǒng shìr yě chǎo de qǐlái, nǐmen liǎng ge zhēn wúliáo. [Pinyin]
       Even this kind of thing can get you into an argument. You two are so tedious.

#### Synonyms

* (bored): (literary) 無賴／无赖 (wúlài), (Hokkien) 無想俗／无想俗, (Cantonese) 悶／闷 (mèn)
* (boring):
* 乏味 (fáwèi)
* 乾燥／干燥 (gānzào)
* 乾癟／干瘪 (gānbiě) (of writing)
* 俗 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 單一／单一 (dānyī)
* 單調／单调 (dāndiào)
* 枯燥 (kūzào)
* 枯索 (kūsuǒ) (literary)
* 沒趣／没趣 (méiqù)
* 無俗／无俗 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 無味／无味 (wúwèi)
* 無局／无局 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 無想俗／无想俗 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 無藝／无艺 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 無藝量／无艺量 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 無趣／无趣 (wúqù)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “boring”): 有趣 (yǒuqù), 有意思 (yǒuyìsi)

#### Descendants

* English: bo liao
* → Japanese: 無聊(ぶりょう) (buryō)
* → Korean: 무료(無聊) (muryo)
* → Vietnamese: vô liêu (無聊)

### Verb

無聊
* (literary) to have no way out; to have no alternative
* (literary, archaic) to be impoverished with nothing to rely on

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 無 | 聊 |
| ぶ Grade: 4 | りょう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Adjective

無(ぶ)聊(りょう) • (buryō) -na (adnominal 無(ぶ)聊(りょう)な (buryō na), adverbial 無(ぶ)聊(りょう)に (buryō ni))
* bored

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 無聊だろ | ぶりょうだろ | buryō daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 無聊で | ぶりょうで | buryō de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 無聊だ | ぶりょうだ | buryō da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 無聊な | ぶりょうな | buryō na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 無聊なら | ぶりょうなら | buryō nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 無聊であれ | ぶりょうであれ | buryō de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 無聊ではない 無聊じゃない | ぶりょうではない ぶりょうじゃない | buryō de wa nai buryō ja nai |
| Informal past | 無聊だった | ぶりょうだった | buryō datta |
| Informal negative past | 無聊ではなかった 無聊じゃなかった | ぶりょうではなかった ぶりょうじゃなかった | buryō de wa nakatta buryō ja nakatta |
| Formal | 無聊です | ぶりょうです | buryō desu |
| Formal negative | 無聊ではありません 無聊じゃありません | ぶりょうではありません ぶりょうじゃありません | buryō de wa arimasen buryō ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 無聊でした | ぶりょうでした | buryō deshita |
| Formal negative past | 無聊ではありませんでした 無聊じゃありませんでした | ぶりょうではありませんでした ぶりょうじゃありませんでした | buryō de wa arimasen deshita buryō ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 無聊で | ぶりょうで | buryō de |
| Conditional | 無聊なら（ば） | ぶりょうなら（ば） | buryō nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 無聊だったら | ぶりょうだったら | buryō dattara |
| Volitional | 無聊だろう | ぶりょうだろう | buryō darō |
| Adverbial | 無聊に | ぶりょうに | buryō ni |
| Degree | 無聊さ | ぶりょうさ | buryōsa |

### Noun

無(ぶ)聊(りょう) • (buryō)
* ennui, tedium
** 1932, 魯迅, 阿Ｑ正伝:
    もし相手(あいて)が羊(ヒツジ)のようなものだったら、彼(かれ)はかえって勝利(しょうり)の無聊(ぶりょう)を感(かん)じる。
       Moshi aite ga hitsuji no yō na mono dattara, kare wa kaette shōri no buryō o kanjiru.
       Conversely, if his opponent is too weak, he will feel tedium in winning.