# ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ (sōtm̄) — Sahidic
* ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ (sōtem) — Bohairic, Fayyumic
* ⲥⲟⲧⲙ (sotm) — Oxyrhynchite
* ⲥⲱⲧⲏⲙ (sōtēm) — Hermopolitan

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsotmɛ/

### Verb

ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ • (sōtme) (nominal state ⲥⲉⲧⲙ̄- (setm̄-), pronominal state ⲥⲁⲧⲙ⸗ (satm⸗))
* (Akhmimic) to hear

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ sōtme | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ sōtme |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tm̄sōtme, tm̄n̄sōtme | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄n̄sōtme |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tisōtme | ⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ksōtme | ⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tesōtme | ϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ fsōtme | ⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ssōtme | ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tn̄sōtme | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tetn̄sōtme | ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ sesōtme | ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ sōtme |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eïsōtme | ⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eksōtme | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eresōtme | ⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ efsōtme | ⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ essōtme | ⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ensōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etetn̄sōtme | ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eusōtme | ⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ e- sōtme, ere- sōtme |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etisōtme | ⲉⲧⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etksōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etesōtme, eteresōtme | ⲉⲧϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etfsōtme | ⲉⲧⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etssōtme | ⲉⲧⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etnsōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etetn̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etousōtme | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ete- sōtme, etere- sōtme |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ naïsōtme | ⲛⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ naksōtme | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ naresōtme | ⲛⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nafsōtme | ⲛⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nassōtme | ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nansōtme | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ natetn̄sōtme | ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nausōtme | ⲛⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ na- sōtme, nare- sōtme |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aisōtme | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aksōtme | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aresōtme | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ afsōtme | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ assōtme | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ansōtme | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aretensōtme | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ausōtme | ⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲁⲣ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ a- sōtme, ar- sōtme, are- sōtme |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tinasōtme | ⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ knasōtme | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tenasōtme | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ fnasōtme | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ snasōtme | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tn̄nasōtme | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tetnasōtme | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ senasōtme | ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nasōtme |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eïnasōtme | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eknasōtme | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ erenasōtme | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ efnasōtme | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ esnasōtme | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ennasōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etetnasōtme | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eunasōtme | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ e- nasōtme |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etinasōtme | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etknasōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etenasōtme, eterenasōtme | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etfnasōtme | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etsnasōtme | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etnnasōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etetnasōtme | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etounasōtme | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ete- nasōtme |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ naïnasōtme | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ naknasōtme | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ narenasōtme | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nafnasōtme | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nasnasōtme | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nannasōtme | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ netetnasōtme | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ naunasōtme | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ na- nasōtme |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ainasōtme | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aknasōtme, eknasōtme | ⲁⲣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ arasōtme | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ afnasōtme | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ asnasōtme | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ annasōtme | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aretennasōtme | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aunasōtme | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ a- nasōtme, are- nasōtme |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aïsōtme | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aksōtme | ⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ arsōtme | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ afsōtme | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ assōtme | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ansōtme | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ atetn̄sōtme | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ausōtme | ⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ a- sōtme |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄pisōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄pk̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄pesōtme, m̄pr̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄pf̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄ps̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄pn̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄petn̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄pousōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄pe- sōtme |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eaïsōtme | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eaksōtme | ⲉⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ earsōtme | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eafsōtme | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eassōtme | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eansōtme | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eatetn̄sōtme | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eausōtme | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ea- sōtme |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄pisōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄pk̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄pesōtme, em̄pr̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄pf̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄ps̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄pn̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄petn̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄pousōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄pe- sōtme |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etaïsōtme | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etaksōtme | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etarsōtme | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etafsōtme | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etassōtme | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etansōtme | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etatetn̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etausōtme | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ eta- sōtme |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄pisōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄pk̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄pesōtme, etem̄pr̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄pf̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄ps̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄pn̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄petn̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄pousōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄pe- sōtme |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ neaïsōtme | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ neaksōtme | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nearsōtme | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ neafsōtme | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ neassōtme | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ neansōtme | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ neatetn̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ neausōtme | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nea- sōtme |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄pisōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄pk̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄pesōtme, nem̄pr̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄pf̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄ps̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄pn̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄petn̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄pousōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄pe- sōtme |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ naïsōtme | ⲛⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ naksōtme | ⲛⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ narsōtme | ⲛⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nafsōtme | ⲛⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nassōtme | ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nansōtme | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ natetn̄sōtme | ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nausōtme | ⲛⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ na- sōtme |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄patisōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄patk̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄patesōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄patf̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄pats̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄patn̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄patetn̄sōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄patousōtme | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ m̄pate- sōtme |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄patisōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄patk̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄patesōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄patf̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄pats̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄patn̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄patetn̄sōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄patousōtme | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ em̄pate- sōtme |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄patisōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄patk̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄patesōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄patf̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄pats̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄patn̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄patetn̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄patousōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etem̄pate- sōtme |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄patisōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄patk̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄patesōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄patf̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄pats̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄patn̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄patetn̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄patousōtme | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nem̄pate- sōtme |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ xareïsōtme | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ xareksōtme | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ xaresōtme | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ xarefsōtme | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ xaressōtme | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ xarensōtme | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ xaretetn̄sōtme | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ xarousōtme | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ xare- sōtme |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ maïsōtme | ⲙⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ maksōtme | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ maresōtme | ⲙⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mafsōtme | ⲙⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ massōtme | ⲙⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mansōtme | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ matetn̄sōtme | ⲙⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mausōtme | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲙⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mare- sōtme, ma- sōtme |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ exareïsōtme | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ exareksōtme | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ exaresōtme | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ exarefsōtme | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ exaressōtme | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ exarensōtme | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ exaretetn̄sōtme | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ exarousōtme | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ exare- sōtme |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ emaïsōtme | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ emaksōtme | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ emaresōtme | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ emafsōtme | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ emassōtme | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ emansōtme | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ematetn̄sōtme | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ emausōtme | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ emare- sōtme, ema- sōtme |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etexareïsōtme, etxareïsōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etexareksōtme, etxareksōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etexaresōtme, etxaresōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etexarefsōtme, etxarefsōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etexaressōtme, etxaressōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etexarensōtme, etxarensōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etexaretetn̄sōtme, etxaretetn̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etexarousōtme, etxarousōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etexare- sōtme, etxare- sōtme |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etemaïsōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etemaksōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etemaresōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etemafsōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etemassōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etemansōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etematetn̄sōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etemausōtme | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ etemare- sōtme, etema- sōtme |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nexareïsōtme | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nexareksōtme | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nexaresōtme | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nexarefsōtme | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nexaressōtme | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nexarensōtme | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nexaretetn̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nexarousōtme | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nexare- sōtme |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nemaïsōtme | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nemaksōtme | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nemaresōtme | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nemafsōtme | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nemassōtme | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nemansōtme | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nematetn̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nemausōtme | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nemare- sōtme, nema- sōtme |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ amaïsōtme | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ amaksōtme | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ amaresōtme | ⲁⲙⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ amafsōtme | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ amassōtme | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ amansōtme | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ amatetn̄sōtme | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ amausōtme | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲙⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ amare- sōtme, ma- sōtme |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aïasōtme | ⲁⲕⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ akasōtme | ⲁⲣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ arasōtme | ⲁϥⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ afasōtme | ⲁⲥⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ asasōtme | ⲁⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ anasōtme | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ atetnasōtme | ⲁⲩⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ auasōtme | ⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ a- sōtme |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nasōtme, enasōtme | ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ neksōtme, eneksōtme | ⲛⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nesōtme, enesōtme | ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nefsōtme, enefsōtme | ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nessōtme, enessōtme | ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ nensōtme, enensōtme | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ netn̄sōtme, enetn̄sōtme | ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ neusōtme, eneusōtme | ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ne- sōtme |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ marisōtme | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ marefsōtme | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ maressōtme | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ marn̄sōtme | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ marousōtme | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mare- sōtme |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mn̄tasōtme | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mn̄tf̄sōtme | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mn̄ts̄sōtme | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mn̄tn̄sōtme | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mn̄tousōtme | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ mn̄te- sōtme |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tasōtme | ⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ksōtme | ⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tesōtme | ϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ fsōtme, n̄tfsōtme | ⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ssōtme | ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tn̄sōtme | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tetn̄sōtme | ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲥⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ sesōtme, sousōtme | ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ te- sōtme |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tarisōtme | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tareksōtme | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ taresōtme | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tarefsōtme | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ taressōtme | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tarn̄sōtme | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ taretetn̄sōtme | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tarousōtme | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ tare- sōtme |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ n̄tarisōtme, tarisōtme | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ n̄tareksōtme, tareksōtme | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ n̄taresōtme, taresōtme | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ n̄tarefsōtme, tarefsōtme | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ n̄taressōtme, taressōtme | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ n̄tarn̄sōtme, tarn̄sōtme | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ n̄taretn̄sōtme, taretn̄sōtme | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ n̄tarousōtme, tarousōtme | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ n̄tare- sōtme, tare- sōtme |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ šatisōtme | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ šatk̄sōtme | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ šatesōtme | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ šatf̄sōtme | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ šats̄sōtme | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ šatn̄sōtme | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ šatetn̄sōtme | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ šatousōtme | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ šate- sōtme |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aïšasōtme, eïšasōtme | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ akšasōtme, ekšasōtme | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ arešasōtme, erešasōtme | ⲁϥϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉϥϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ afšasōtme, efšasōtme | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ asšasōtme, esšasōtme | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ anšasōtme, enšasōtme | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ašatetn̄sōtme, ešatetn̄sōtme | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aušasōtme, eušasōtme | ⲁϣⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aša- sōtme, eša- sōtme |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aïsōtme | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aksōtme | ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ aresōtme | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ afsōtme | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ assōtme | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ansōtme | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ atetn̄sōtme | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ ausōtme | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ are- sōtme |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |

### Noun

ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ • (sōtme) m
* (Akhmimic) hearing, obedience