# κρύος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Uncertain. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, harden”) and cognate with Latin crusta, but according to Beekes, the word could alternatively derive from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-mo-s (“wound blood”) based on the derivative κρυμός (krumós, “frost”) (though this theory is semantically less convincing). For the former case, compare Tocharian B kuraś, krośce (“cold”), Latvian kruvesis, perhaps Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”) and Old English hruse (“surface”); for the latter, compare Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (xrūma, “horrible”). See also κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice; rock crystal”) (which Beekes considers Pre-Greek).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /krý.os/ → /ˈkry.os/ → /ˈkri.os/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /krý.os/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈkry.os/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈkry.os/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈkry.os/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈkri.os/

### Noun

κρῠ́ος • (krúos) n (genitive κρῠ́ους or κρῠ́εος); third declension κρῠ́ος • (krúos) m (genitive κρῠ́ου); second declension
* cold, chilliness
* frost
* ice

#### Descendants

* Greek: κρύος (krýos)
* Mariupol Greek: кри́ю (kríju)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρύος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 786

### References

* “κρύος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κρύος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* κρύος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* κρύος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. chill idem, page 130.cold idem, page 142.
* “κρύος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos).
Compare Mariupol Greek кри́ю (kríju).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɾi.os/

### Adjective

κρύος • (krýos) m (feminine κρύα, neuter κρύο)
* cold, chilled, chilly, cool

#### Declension

| number case \ gender | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| number case \ gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | κρύος • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύοι • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
| genitive | κρύου • | κρύας • | κρύου • | κρύων • | κρύων • | κρύων • |
| accusative | κρύο • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύους • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
| vocative | κρύε • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύοι • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
| derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος, etc.) | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος, etc.) | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος, etc.) | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος, etc.) | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος, etc.) | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος, etc.) |

#### Coordinate terms

* χλιαρός (chliarós, “lukewarm”)
* ζεστός (zestós, “hot, warm”)
* θερμός (thermós, “hot, warm”)

#### Related terms

* κρύο n (krýo, “cold weather”)
* κρύωμα n (krýoma, “cold”) (illness)

### Further reading

* κρύος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language