# shaqa
## Zulu
### Etymology

Ideophone.

### Pronunciation 1

IPA: /ˈʃaǃa/

#### Ideophone

shaqa
* of amazement, astonishment
* of clearing in one sweep
* of contracting, shrinking together
* of being stringent, acrid, sour

### Pronunciation 2

IPA: /ʃaːǃa/

#### Verb

-shaqa
* to amaze, astonish, shock
* to clear in one sweep
* to contract, shrink together
* to be acrid, sour, pungent

##### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukushaqa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukushaqa | ukungashaqi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | shaqa | -shaqe |
| Plural | shaqani | -shaqeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyashaqa, ngishaqa | engishaqayo, engishaqa | ngishaqa | angishaqi | engingashaqi | ngingashaqi |
| 2nd singular | uyashaqa, ushaqa | oshaqayo, oshaqa | ushaqa | awushaqi | ongashaqi | ungashaqi |
| 1st plural | siyashaqa, sishaqa | esishaqayo, esishaqa | sishaqa | asishaqi | esingashaqi | singashaqi |
| 2nd plural | niyashaqa, nishaqa | enishaqayo, enishaqa | nishaqa | anishaqi | eningashaqi | ningashaqi |
| Class 1 | uyashaqa, ushaqa | oshaqayo, oshaqa | eshaqa | akashaqi | ongashaqi | engashaqi |
| Class 2 | bayashaqa, bashaqa | abashaqayo, abashaqa | beshaqa | abashaqi | abangashaqi | bengashaqi |
| Class 3 | uyashaqa, ushaqa | oshaqayo, oshaqa | ushaqa | awushaqi | ongashaqi | ungashaqi |
| Class 4 | iyashaqa, ishaqa | eshaqayo, eshaqa | ishaqa | ayishaqi | engashaqi | ingashaqi |
| Class 5 | liyashaqa, lishaqa | elishaqayo, elishaqa | lishaqa | alishaqi | elingashaqi | lingashaqi |
| Class 6 | ayashaqa, ashaqa | ashaqayo, ashaqa | eshaqa | awashaqi | angashaqi | engashaqi |
| Class 7 | siyashaqa, sishaqa | esishaqayo, esishaqa | sishaqa | asishaqi | esingashaqi | singashaqi |
| Class 8 | ziyashaqa, zishaqa | ezishaqayo, ezishaqa | zishaqa | azishaqi | ezingashaqi | zingashaqi |
| Class 9 | iyashaqa, ishaqa | eshaqayo, eshaqa | ishaqa | ayishaqi | engashaqi | ingashaqi |
| Class 10 | ziyashaqa, zishaqa | ezishaqayo, ezishaqa | zishaqa | azishaqi | ezingashaqi | zingashaqi |
| Class 11 | luyashaqa, lushaqa | olushaqayo, olushaqa | lushaqa | alushaqi | olungashaqi | lungashaqi |
| Class 14 | buyashaqa, bushaqa | obushaqayo, obushaqa | bushaqa | abushaqi | obungashaqi | bungashaqi |
| Class 15 | kuyashaqa, kushaqa | okushaqayo, okushaqa | kushaqa | akushaqi | okungashaqi | kungashaqi |
| Class 17 | kuyashaqa, kushaqa | okushaqayo, okushaqa | kushaqa | akushaqi | okungashaqi | kungashaqi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngishaqile, ngishaqē | engishaqile, engishaqē | ngishaqile, ngishaqē | angishaqanga | engingashaqanga | ngingashaqanga |
| 2nd singular | ushaqile, ushaqē | oshaqile, oshaqē | ushaqile, ushaqē | awushaqanga | ongashaqanga | ungashaqanga |
| 1st plural | sishaqile, sishaqē | esishaqile, esishaqē | sishaqile, sishaqē | asishaqanga | esingashaqanga | singashaqanga |
| 2nd plural | nishaqile, nishaqē | enishaqile, enishaqē | nishaqile, nishaqē | anishaqanga | eningashaqanga | ningashaqanga |
| Class 1 | ushaqile, ushaqē | oshaqile, oshaqē | eshaqile, eshaqē | akashaqanga | ongashaqanga | engashaqanga |
| Class 2 | bashaqile, bashaqē | abashaqile, abashaqē | beshaqile, beshaqē | abashaqanga | abangashaqanga | bengashaqanga |
| Class 3 | ushaqile, ushaqē | oshaqile, oshaqē | ushaqile, ushaqē | awushaqanga | ongashaqanga | ungashaqanga |
| Class 4 | ishaqile, ishaqē | eshaqile, eshaqē | ishaqile, ishaqē | ayishaqanga | engashaqanga | ingashaqanga |
| Class 5 | lishaqile, lishaqē | elishaqile, elishaqē | lishaqile, lishaqē | alishaqanga | elingashaqanga | lingashaqanga |
| Class 6 | ashaqile, ashaqē | ashaqile, ashaqē | eshaqile, eshaqē | awashaqanga | angashaqanga | engashaqanga |
| Class 7 | sishaqile, sishaqē | esishaqile, esishaqē | sishaqile, sishaqē | asishaqanga | esingashaqanga | singashaqanga |
| Class 8 | zishaqile, zishaqē | ezishaqile, ezishaqē | zishaqile, zishaqē | azishaqanga | ezingashaqanga | zingashaqanga |
| Class 9 | ishaqile, ishaqē | eshaqile, eshaqē | ishaqile, ishaqē | ayishaqanga | engashaqanga | ingashaqanga |
| Class 10 | zishaqile, zishaqē | ezishaqile, ezishaqē | zishaqile, zishaqē | azishaqanga | ezingashaqanga | zingashaqanga |
| Class 11 | lushaqile, lushaqē | olushaqile, olushaqē | lushaqile, lushaqē | alushaqanga | olungashaqanga | lungashaqanga |
| Class 14 | bushaqile, bushaqē | obushaqile, obushaqē | bushaqile, bushaqē | abushaqanga | obungashaqanga | bungashaqanga |
| Class 15 | kushaqile, kushaqē | okushaqile, okushaqē | kushaqile, kushaqē | akushaqanga | okungashaqanga | kungashaqanga |
| Class 17 | kushaqile, kushaqē | okushaqile, okushaqē | kushaqile, kushaqē | akushaqanga | okungashaqanga | kungashaqanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāshaqa | engāshaqa | ngāshaqa | angishaqanga | engingashaqanga | ngingashaqanga |
| 2nd singular | wāshaqa | owāshaqa | wāshaqa | awushaqanga | ongashaqanga | ungashaqanga |
| 1st plural | sāshaqa | esāshaqa | sāshaqa | asishaqanga | esingashaqanga | singashaqanga |
| 2nd plural | nāshaqa | enāshaqa | nāshaqa | anishaqanga | eningashaqanga | ningashaqanga |
| Class 1 | wāshaqa | owāshaqa | āshaqa | akashaqanga | ongashaqanga | engashaqanga |
| Class 2 | bāshaqa | abāshaqa | bāshaqa | abashaqanga | abangashaqanga | bengashaqanga |
| Class 3 | wāshaqa | owāshaqa | wāshaqa | awushaqanga | ongashaqanga | ungashaqanga |
| Class 4 | yāshaqa | eyāshaqa | yāshaqa | ayishaqanga | engashaqanga | ingashaqanga |
| Class 5 | lāshaqa | elāshaqa | lāshaqa | alishaqanga | elingashaqanga | lingashaqanga |
| Class 6 | āshaqa | āshaqa | āshaqa | awashaqanga | angashaqanga | engashaqanga |
| Class 7 | sāshaqa | esāshaqa | sāshaqa | asishaqanga | esingashaqanga | singashaqanga |
| Class 8 | zāshaqa | ezāshaqa | zāshaqa | azishaqanga | ezingashaqanga | zingashaqanga |
| Class 9 | yāshaqa | eyāshaqa | yāshaqa | ayishaqanga | engashaqanga | ingashaqanga |
| Class 10 | zāshaqa | ezāshaqa | zāshaqa | azishaqanga | ezingashaqanga | zingashaqanga |
| Class 11 | lwāshaqa | olwāshaqa | lwāshaqa | alushaqanga | olungashaqanga | lungashaqanga |
| Class 14 | bāshaqa | obāshaqa | bāshaqa | abushaqanga | obungashaqanga | bungashaqanga |
| Class 15 | kwāshaqa | okwāshaqa | kwāshaqa | akushaqanga | okungashaqanga | kungashaqanga |
| Class 17 | kwāshaqa | okwāshaqa | kwāshaqa | akushaqanga | okungashaqanga | kungashaqanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingashaqa | — | ngingashaqa | ngingeshaqe | — | ngingeshaqe |
| 2nd singular | ungashaqa | — | ungashaqa | ungeshaqe | — | ungeshaqe |
| 1st plural | singashaqa | — | singashaqa | singeshaqe | — | singeshaqe |
| 2nd plural | ningashaqa | — | ningashaqa | ningeshaqe | — | ningeshaqe |
| Class 1 | angashaqa | — | engashaqa | angeshaqe | — | engeshaqe |
| Class 2 | bangashaqa | — | bengashaqa | bangeshaqe | — | bengeshaqe |
| Class 3 | ungashaqa | — | ungashaqa | ungeshaqe | — | ungeshaqe |
| Class 4 | ingashaqa | — | ingashaqa | ingeshaqe | — | ingeshaqe |
| Class 5 | lingashaqa | — | lingashaqa | lingeshaqe | — | lingeshaqe |
| Class 6 | angashaqa | — | engashaqa | angeshaqe | — | engeshaqe |
| Class 7 | singashaqa | — | singashaqa | singeshaqe | — | singeshaqe |
| Class 8 | zingashaqa | — | zingashaqa | zingeshaqe | — | zingeshaqe |
| Class 9 | ingashaqa | — | ingashaqa | ingeshaqe | — | ingeshaqe |
| Class 10 | zingashaqa | — | zingashaqa | zingeshaqe | — | zingeshaqe |
| Class 11 | lungashaqa | — | lungashaqa | lungeshaqe | — | lungeshaqe |
| Class 14 | bungashaqa | — | bungashaqa | bungeshaqe | — | bungeshaqe |
| Class 15 | kungashaqa | — | kungashaqa | kungeshaqe | — | kungeshaqe |
| Class 17 | kungashaqa | — | kungashaqa | kungeshaqe | — | kungeshaqe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoshaqa | engizoshaqa | ngizoshaqa | angizushaqa | engingezushaqa | ngingezushaqa |
| 2nd singular | uzoshaqa | ozoshaqa | uzoshaqa | awuzushaqa | ongezushaqa | ungezushaqa |
| 1st plural | sizoshaqa | esizoshaqa | sizoshaqa | asizushaqa | esingezushaqa | singezushaqa |
| 2nd plural | nizoshaqa | enizoshaqa | nizoshaqa | anizushaqa | eningezushaqa | ningezushaqa |
| Class 1 | uzoshaqa | ozoshaqa | ezoshaqa | akazushaqa | ongezushaqa | engezushaqa |
| Class 2 | bazoshaqa | abazoshaqa | bezoshaqa | abazushaqa | abangezushaqa | bengezushaqa |
| Class 3 | uzoshaqa | ozoshaqa | uzoshaqa | awuzushaqa | ongezushaqa | ungezushaqa |
| Class 4 | izoshaqa | ezoshaqa | izoshaqa | ayizushaqa | engezushaqa | ingezushaqa |
| Class 5 | lizoshaqa | elizoshaqa | lizoshaqa | alizushaqa | elingezushaqa | lingezushaqa |
| Class 6 | azoshaqa | azoshaqa | ezoshaqa | awazushaqa | angezushaqa | engezushaqa |
| Class 7 | sizoshaqa | esizoshaqa | sizoshaqa | asizushaqa | esingezushaqa | singezushaqa |
| Class 8 | zizoshaqa | ezizoshaqa | zizoshaqa | azizushaqa | ezingezushaqa | zingezushaqa |
| Class 9 | izoshaqa | ezoshaqa | izoshaqa | ayizushaqa | engezushaqa | ingezushaqa |
| Class 10 | zizoshaqa | ezizoshaqa | zizoshaqa | azizushaqa | ezingezushaqa | zingezushaqa |
| Class 11 | luzoshaqa | oluzoshaqa | luzoshaqa | aluzushaqa | olungezushaqa | lungezushaqa |
| Class 14 | buzoshaqa | obuzoshaqa | buzoshaqa | abuzushaqa | obungezushaqa | bungezushaqa |
| Class 15 | kuzoshaqa | okuzoshaqa | kuzoshaqa | akuzushaqa | okungezushaqa | kungezushaqa |
| Class 17 | kuzoshaqa | okuzoshaqa | kuzoshaqa | akuzushaqa | okungezushaqa | kungezushaqa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoshaqa | engiyoshaqa | ngiyoshaqa | angiyushaqa | engingeyushaqa | ngingeyushaqa |
| 2nd singular | uyoshaqa | oyoshaqa | uyoshaqa | awuyushaqa | ongeyushaqa | ungeyushaqa |
| 1st plural | siyoshaqa | esiyoshaqa | siyoshaqa | asiyushaqa | esingeyushaqa | singeyushaqa |
| 2nd plural | niyoshaqa | eniyoshaqa | niyoshaqa | aniyushaqa | eningeyushaqa | ningeyushaqa |
| Class 1 | uyoshaqa | oyoshaqa | eyoshaqa | akayushaqa | ongeyushaqa | engeyushaqa |
| Class 2 | bayoshaqa | abayoshaqa | beyoshaqa | abayushaqa | abangeyushaqa | bengeyushaqa |
| Class 3 | uyoshaqa | oyoshaqa | uyoshaqa | awuyushaqa | ongeyushaqa | ungeyushaqa |
| Class 4 | iyoshaqa | eyoshaqa | iyoshaqa | ayiyushaqa | engeyushaqa | ingeyushaqa |
| Class 5 | liyoshaqa | eliyoshaqa | liyoshaqa | aliyushaqa | elingeyushaqa | lingeyushaqa |
| Class 6 | ayoshaqa | ayoshaqa | eyoshaqa | awayushaqa | angeyushaqa | engeyushaqa |
| Class 7 | siyoshaqa | esiyoshaqa | siyoshaqa | asiyushaqa | esingeyushaqa | singeyushaqa |
| Class 8 | ziyoshaqa | eziyoshaqa | ziyoshaqa | aziyushaqa | ezingeyushaqa | zingeyushaqa |
| Class 9 | iyoshaqa | eyoshaqa | iyoshaqa | ayiyushaqa | engeyushaqa | ingeyushaqa |
| Class 10 | ziyoshaqa | eziyoshaqa | ziyoshaqa | aziyushaqa | ezingeyushaqa | zingeyushaqa |
| Class 11 | luyoshaqa | oluyoshaqa | luyoshaqa | aluyushaqa | olungeyushaqa | lungeyushaqa |
| Class 14 | buyoshaqa | obuyoshaqa | buyoshaqa | abuyushaqa | obungeyushaqa | bungeyushaqa |
| Class 15 | kuyoshaqa | okuyoshaqa | kuyoshaqa | akuyushaqa | okungeyushaqa | kungeyushaqa |
| Class 17 | kuyoshaqa | okuyoshaqa | kuyoshaqa | akuyushaqa | okungeyushaqa | kungeyushaqa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngishaqe | ngingashaqi |
| 2nd singular | ushaqe | ungashaqi |
| 1st plural | sishaqe | singashaqi |
| 2nd plural | nishaqe | ningashaqi |
| Class 1 | ashaqe | angashaqi |
| Class 2 | bashaqe | bangashaqi |
| Class 3 | ushaqe | ungashaqi |
| Class 4 | ishaqe | ingashaqi |
| Class 5 | lishaqe | lingashaqi |
| Class 6 | ashaqe | angashaqi |
| Class 7 | sishaqe | singashaqi |
| Class 8 | zishaqe | zingashaqi |
| Class 9 | ishaqe | ingashaqi |
| Class 10 | zishaqe | zingashaqi |
| Class 11 | lushaqe | lungashaqi |
| Class 14 | bushaqe | bungashaqi |
| Class 15 | kushaqe | kungashaqi |
| Class 17 | kushaqe | kungashaqi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngashaqa | ngangashaqa, angashaqa, angangashaqa |
| 2nd singular | washaqa | wangashaqa, awashaqa, awangashaqa |
| 1st plural | sashaqa | sangashaqa, asashaqa, asangashaqa |
| 2nd plural | nashaqa | nangashaqa, anashaqa, anangashaqa |
| Class 1 | washaqa | wangashaqa, akashaqa, akangashaqa |
| Class 2 | bashaqa | bangashaqa, abashaqa, abangashaqa |
| Class 3 | washaqa | wangashaqa, awashaqa, awangashaqa |
| Class 4 | yashaqa | yangashaqa, ayashaqa, ayangashaqa |
| Class 5 | lashaqa | langashaqa, alashaqa, alangashaqa |
| Class 6 | ashaqa | angashaqa, awashaqa, awangashaqa |
| Class 7 | sashaqa | sangashaqa, asashaqa, asangashaqa |
| Class 8 | zashaqa | zangashaqa, azashaqa, azangashaqa |
| Class 9 | yashaqa | yangashaqa, ayashaqa, ayangashaqa |
| Class 10 | zashaqa | zangashaqa, azashaqa, azangashaqa |
| Class 11 | lwashaqa | lwangashaqa, alwashaqa, alwangashaqa |
| Class 14 | bashaqa | bangashaqa, abashaqa, abangashaqa |
| Class 15 | kwashaqa | kwangashaqa, akwashaqa, akwangashaqa |
| Class 17 | kwashaqa | kwangashaqa, akwashaqa, akwangashaqa |

##### Derived terms

* -shaqeka

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sháqa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sháqa (8.8-9)”
* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shaqa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shaqa (6.3)”