# ⲥⲱⲣⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲱⲣⲉⲙ (sōrem) — Bohairic, Fayyumic
* ⲥⲱⲣⲙⲉ (sōrme) — Akhmimic

### Verb

ⲥⲱⲣⲙ • (sōrm) (nominal state ⲥⲉⲣⲙ-, pronominal state ⲥⲟⲣⲙ⸗, stative ⲥⲟⲣⲙ, conjunct participle ⲥⲁⲣⲙ-)
* (Sahidic, intransitive) to go astray, err, be lost
* (Sahidic, transitive) to lead astray, lose

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲱⲣⲙ sōrm | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲱⲣⲙ sōrm |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ tm̄sōrm | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pr̄sōrm |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲱⲣⲙ tisōrm | ⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ ksōrm | ⲧⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ tesōrm | ϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ fsōrm | ⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ ssōrm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ tn̄sōrm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ tetn̄sōrm | ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ sesōrm | ⲥⲱⲣⲙ sōrm |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ eïsōrm | ⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ eksōrm | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ eresōrm | ⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ efsōrm | ⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ essōrm | ⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ ensōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ eusōrm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ ere- sōrm |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲱⲣⲙ etisōrm | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etk̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ etesōrm, eteresōrm | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etf̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ ets̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etn̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ etousōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etere- sōrm |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ neïsōrm | ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ neksōrm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ neresōrm | ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ nefsōrm | ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ nessōrm | ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ nensōrm | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ netetn̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ neusōrm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nere- sōrm |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ tinasōrm | ⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ knasōrm | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ tenasōrm | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ fnasōrm | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ snasōrm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ tn̄nasōrm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ tetnasōrm | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ senasōrm | ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ nasōrm |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ eïnasōrm | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ eknasōrm | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ erenasōrm | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ efnasōrm | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ esnasōrm | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ ennasōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ etetnasōrm | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ eunasōrm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ ere- nasōrm |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ etinasōrm | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ etk̄nasōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ etenasōrm, eterenasōrm | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ etf̄nasōrm | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ ets̄nasōrm | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ etn̄nasōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ etetnasōrm | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ etounasōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ etere- nasōrm |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ neïnasōrm | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ neknasōrm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ nerenasōrm | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ nefnasōrm | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ nesnasōrm | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ nennasōrm | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ netetnasōrm | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ neunasōrm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ nere- nasōrm |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ aïsōrm | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ aksōrm | ⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲁⲣⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ asōrm, arsōrm, aresōrm | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ afsōrm | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ assōrm | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ ansōrm | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ atetn̄sōrm | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ ausōrm | ⲁ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ a- sōrm |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pisōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pk̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pesōrm, m̄pr̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pf̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄ps̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pn̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄petn̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pousōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pe- sōrm |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ eaïsōrm | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ eaksōrm | ⲉⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ easōrm, earsōrm, earesōrm | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ eafsōrm | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ eassōrm | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ eansōrm | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ eatetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ eausōrm | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ ea- sōrm |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄pisōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄pk̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄pesōrm, em̄pr̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄pf̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄ps̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄pn̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄petn̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄pousōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄pe- sōrm |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ entaïsōrm, n̄taïsōrm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ entaksōrm, n̄taksōrm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ entasōrm, n̄tasōrm, entarsōrm, n̄tarsōrm, entaresōrm, n̄taresōrm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ entafsōrm, n̄tafsōrm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ entassōrm, n̄tassōrm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ entansōrm, n̄tansōrm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ entatetn̄sōrm, n̄tatetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ entausōrm, n̄tausōrm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ enta- sōrm, n̄ta- sōrm |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄pisōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄pk̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄pesōrm, etem̄pr̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄pf̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄ps̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄pn̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄petn̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄pousōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄pe- sōrm |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ neaïsōrm | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ neaksōrm | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ neasōrm, nearsōrm, nearesōrm | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ neafsōrm | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ neassōrm | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ neansōrm | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ neatetn̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ neausōrm | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nea- sōrm |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄pisōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄pk̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄pesōrm, nem̄pr̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄pf̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄ps̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄pn̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄petn̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄pousōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄pe- sōrm |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄taïsōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄taksōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tasōrm, n̄tarsōrm, n̄taresōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tafsōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tassōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tansōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tatetn̄sōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tausōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄ta- sōrm |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄patisōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄patk̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄patesōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄patf̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pats̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄patn̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄patetn̄sōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄patousōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pate- sōrm |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄patisōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄patk̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄patesōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄patf̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄pats̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄patn̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄patetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄patousōrm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ em̄pate- sōrm |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄patisōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄patk̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄patesōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄patf̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄pats̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄patn̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄patetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄patousōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etem̄pate- sōrm |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄patisōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄patk̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄patesōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄patf̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄pats̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄patn̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄patetn̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄patousōrm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nem̄pate- sōrm |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ šaïsōrm | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ šaksōrm | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ šaresōrm | ϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ šafsōrm | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ šassōrm | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ šansōrm | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ šatetn̄sōrm | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ šausōrm | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ šare- sōrm |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ meïsōrm | ⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ meksōrm | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ meresōrm | ⲙⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ mefsōrm | ⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ messōrm | ⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ mensōrm | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ metetn̄sōrm | ⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ meusōrm | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ mere- sōrm |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ ešaïsōrm | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ ešaksōrm | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ ešaresōrm | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ ešafsōrm | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ ešassōrm | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ ešansōrm | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ ešatetn̄sōrm | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ ešausōrm | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ ešare- sōrm |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ emeïsōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ emeksōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ emeresōrm | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ emefsōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ emessōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ emensōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ emetetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ emeusōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ emere- sōrm |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etešaïsōrm, ešaïsōrm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ etešaksōrm, ešaksōrm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ etešaresōrm, ešaresōrm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ etešafsōrm, ešafsōrm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ etešassōrm, ešassōrm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ etešansōrm, ešansōrm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etešatetn̄sōrm, ešatetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ etešausōrm, ešausōrm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etešare- sōrm, ešare- sōrm |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etemeïsōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ etemeksōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ etemeresōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ etemefsōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ etemessōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ etemensōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etemetetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ etemeusōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etemere- sōrm |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nešaïsōrm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ nešaksōrm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ nešaresōrm | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ nešafsōrm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ nešassōrm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ nešansōrm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nešatetn̄sōrm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ nešausōrm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nešare- sōrm |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nemeïsōrm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ nemeksōrm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ nemeresōrm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ nemefsōrm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ nemessōrm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ nemensōrm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nemetetn̄sōrm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ nemeusōrm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ nemere- sōrm |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ emeïsōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ emeksōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ emeresōrm | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ emefsōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ emessōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ emensōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ emetetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ emeusōrm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ emere- sōrm |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ eïesōrm | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ ekesōrm | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ eresōrm | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ efesōrm | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ esesōrm | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ enesōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ etetnesōrm | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ euesōrm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ ere- sōrm |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄nasōrm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄neksōrm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄nesōrm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄nefsōrm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄nessōrm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄nensōrm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄netn̄sōrm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄neusōrm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄ne- sōrm |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲣⲙ marisōrm | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ marefsōrm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ maressōrm | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ marn̄sōrm | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ marousōrm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ mare- sōrm |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pr̄trasōrm | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pr̄trefsōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pr̄tressōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pr̄trensōrm | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pr̄treusōrm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ m̄pr̄tre- sōrm |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tasōrm, tasōrm | ⲛ̄ⲅⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄gsōrm, n̄ksōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tesōrm | ⲛ̄ϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄fsōrm | ⲛ̄ⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄ssōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tn̄sōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tetn̄sōrm | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄sesōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄te- sōrm |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲣⲙ tarisōrm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ tareksōrm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ taresōrm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ tarefsōrm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ taressōrm | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ tarn̄sōrm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ taretn̄sōrm | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ tarousōrm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ tare- sōrm |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄terisōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tereksōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄teresōrm, n̄terersōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄terefsōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄teressōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tern̄sōrm, n̄terensōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄teretn̄sōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄terousōrm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ n̄tere- sōrm |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲥⲱⲣⲙ šantisōrm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ šantk̄sōrm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ šantesōrm | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ šantf̄sōrm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ šants̄sōrm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ šantn̄sōrm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ šantetn̄sōrm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ šantousōrm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ šante- sōrm |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ eïšansōrm | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ ekšansōrm | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ eršansōrm, erešansōrm | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ efšansōrm | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ esšansōrm | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ enšansōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ etetn̄šansōrm | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ eušansōrm | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ eršan- sōrm |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲣⲙ eïsōrm | ⲉⲕⲥⲱⲣⲙ eksōrm | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲣⲙ eresōrm | ⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ efsōrm | ⲉⲥⲥⲱⲣⲙ essōrm | ⲉⲛⲥⲱⲣⲙ ensōrm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲣⲙ etetn̄sōrm | ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲣⲙ eusōrm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲣⲙ ere- sōrm |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Noun

ⲥⲱⲣⲙ • (sōrm) m
* (Sahidic) error

#### Derived terms

* ⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲣⲙ (refsōrm, “one who leads astray”)
* ⲥⲟⲣⲙⲉⲥ (sormes, “error, wandering”)
* ⲥⲣⲙⲉ (srme, “wanderer, vagrant”)
* ⲙⲛⲧⲥⲣⲙⲉ (mntsrme, “roving, vagrancy”)

### References

* TLA lemma no. C3704 (ⲥⲱⲣⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* Marcion Coptic dictionary