# 硩

| 硩 | U+7869, &#30825; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7869 |
| ← 硨 [U+7868] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 硪 → [U+786A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

硩 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 手中一口 (QLMR), four-corner 5260$_1$, composition ⿱折石)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 831, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24227
* Dae Jaweon: page 1246, character 31
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2431, character 15
* Unihan data for U+7869

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 硩
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 晢 | *ʔljeds, *ʔljed |
| 狾 | *ʔljeds |
| 誓 | *ɦljeds |
| 逝 | *ɦljeds |
| 銴 | *ɢljeds, *ɢʷleds |
| 折 | *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed |
| 娎 | *hleːws, *qʰred |
| 哳 | *ʔr'eːd |
| 踅 | *sɢʷled |
| 哲 | *ʔl'ed |
| 蜇 | *ʔl'ed |
| 悊 | *ʔl'ed |
| 嚞 | *ted |
| 喆 | *ted |
| 硩 | *l̥ʰed, *l̥ʰeːɡ |
| 浙 | *ʔljed |
| 晣 | *ʔljed |
| 焎 | *hred |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰed, *l̥ʰeːɡ) : phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed) + semantic 石 (“rock; stone”).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chè (che$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄜˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zit$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chè
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻê$^4$
*** Yale: chè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheh
*** Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zit$^3$
*** Yale: jit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːt̚³/
* Middle Chinese: trhjet, thek
Rime :
| Character | 硩 | 硩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 徹 (10) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (83) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 丑列切 | 他歷切 |
| Baxter | trhjet | thek |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈʰˠiᴇt̚/ | /tʰek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈʰᵚiɛt̚/ | /tʰek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶʰiæt̚/ | /tʰɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈʰiat̚/ | /tʰɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶʰjɛt̚/ | /tʰek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶʰĭɛt̚/ | /tʰiek̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶʰi̯ɛt̚/ | /tʰiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | che | ti |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cit$^3$ | tik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰed/, /*l̥ʰeːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 硩 | 硩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16946 | 16954 |
| Phonetic component | 折 | 折 |
| Rime group | 月 | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 屮 | 逖 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰed/ | /*l̥ʰeːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

硩
* to pick
* to smash up

### Etymology 2

Cognate with Eastern Min 矺 (dáh, “to press down on”). Possibly cognate with Cantonese 矺 (zaak3, “to press down on”) and Hakka 矺 (chak, “to press down on”) (Li, 2002).

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): teh / teeh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dêh$^4$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: teh
*** Tâi-lô: teh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: deq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /teʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /teʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: teeh
*** Tâi-lô: teeh
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɛʔ³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dêh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: teh
*** Sinological IPA : /teʔ²/

#### Definitions

硩
* (Southern Min) to press; to push down
* (Southern Min) to lay a bet; to make a bet
* (Hokkien) to suppress; to calm (fear, cough, fire, etc.)
* (Hokkien) to give a gift in return
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to plant seedlings (such as sugarcane, etc.)
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to cut the stem of a plant diagonally and insert it in the water or soil
* (Teochew) to suppress; to stifle

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 壓 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 壓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 壓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 壓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 壓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 壓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 壓, 榨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 壓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 壓 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 磕, 壓 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 矺, 壓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 矺, 壓 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 㩒, 扎, 壓 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 矺 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 矺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 矺, 壓 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 矺 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 矺 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 矺 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 矺 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 矺 |
| Hakka | Changting | 矺 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 矺 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 矺 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 矺 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 矺 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 矺 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 矺 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 矺 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 矺 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 矺 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 矺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 壓 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 矺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 矺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 矺 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 矺 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 矺 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 矺 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 矺 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 矺 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 矺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 矺 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 硩 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 硩 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 壓 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 壓 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 榨, 塸, 壓 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 壓 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 榨 |
* (to lay a bet): 下注 (xiàzhù)

##### See also

* 捏

#### Compounds

* 狹硩／狭硩
* 硩八字
* 硩嗽
* 硩地金
* 硩墓紙／硩墓纸
* 硩定
* 硩年
* 硩年錢／硩年钱
* 硩底
* 硩恬
* 硩杯
* 硩枝
* 硩桌
* 硩棚
* 硩棚戲／硩棚戏
* 硩𣛮
* 硩氣／硩气
* 硩甌仔底／硩瓯仔底
* 硩盛
* 硩直
* 硩禮／硩礼
* 硩箱
* 硩箱仔角
* 硩箱角
* 硩紙／硩纸
* 硩繳／硩缴
* 硩腰
* 硩腰錢／硩腰钱
* 硩花金
* 硩茶盤／硩茶盘
* 硩袋
* 硩輦寶／硩辇宝
* 硩驚／硩惊

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B02978
* “Query for 硩”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.