# 息子
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xīzǐ, xízǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ ㄗˇ, ㄒㄧˊ ㄗˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīzǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sizǐh
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: syī-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shitzyy
*** Palladius: сицзы (siczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xízǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sízǐh
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^2$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: syí-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyitzyy
*** Palladius: сицзы (siczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Noun

息子
* (archaic) (one's) biological son
* (dialectal) great-grandson

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 曾孫, 曾孫子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 曾孫兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 曾孫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 重孫子, 重孫兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 曾孫 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 重孫, 重孫子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 重孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 重孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 重孫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 重孫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 重孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 重孫兒, 重孫, 曾孫兒, 曾孫, 四世孫兒, 四世孫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 重孫子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 重孫, 男重孫 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 重孫子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 灰灰兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 重孫子, 重孫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 重孫孫, 重孫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 重孫子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 息子, 息, 重孫, 息崽 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 重重, 重孫 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 重孫子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 重孫兒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 嘞 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 息, 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 息 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 息 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 息 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 息 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 息 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 息, 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 息, 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 曾孫 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 息 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 曾孫子, 曾孫 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 曾孫崽, 曾孫 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 阿息 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 息孫 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿息 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 息子 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 息子 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 息 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 息 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 重孫 |
| Hakka | Changting | 息嫲哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 息嫲子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 息孫 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 曾孫, 息孫 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 重孫 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 息, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 曾孫, 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 息 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 息 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 息 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 息 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 倈 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 息 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 息 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 孫息, 息子 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 息孫 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 重孫 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 息 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 孫息 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 息孫 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 重孫 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 重孫子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 重孫 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 息仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 曾孫 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 息仔 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 重孫 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 重孫 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 息 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 息, 妰𡝃息 † |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 息 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 孫息, 息仔, 重孫仔 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 重孫子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 曾孫, 玄孫 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Danyang | 重孫 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 重孫 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 重孫 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 玄孫 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 曾孫子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 曾孫 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 重孫, 息崽 |
| Note | † - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term | † - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 息 | 子 |
| むす Grade: 3 | こ Grade: 1 |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 息 (rare)

### Etymology

Compound of 生(む)す (musu, “to beget”) + 子(こ) (ko, “child”). 息 is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Middle Chinese 息子.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) むすこ [mùsúkó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mɯ̟sɨ̥ko̞]

### Noun

息(むす)子(こ) • (musuko)
* (humble) a son (male child)
** 1985 December 20, Taeko Watanabe, “第(だい)四(よん)十(じゅう)八(はち)話(わ)　家(か)族(ぞく) Ⅰ(いち) [Chapter 48: Family I]”, in ファミリー！ [Family!], volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 72:
    シアトルからＬＡ(ここ)へは…息(むす)子(こ)を尋(たず)ねてきました…ぼくは———ジョナサン・アレンの父(ちち)親(おや)です
       Shiatoru kara koko e wa… musuko o tazunete kimashita …Boku wa ———Jonasan Aren no chichioya desu
       I came here to LA from Seattle… to look for my son …I am —Jonathan Allen’s father
** 1994 November 4 [1993 June 17], Yozaburo Kanari with Sato, Fumiya, “異(い)人(じん)館(かん)村(むら)殺(さつ)人(じん)事(じ)件(けん)⑪(じゅういち) [The Western-Style Village Murder Case #11]”, in 金(きん)田(だ)一(いち)少(しょう)年(ねん)の事(じ)件(けん)簿(ぼ) [Young Kindaichi Case Files], 9th edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 84:
    彼(かれ)は‥‥竜(りゅう)一(いち)は私(わたし)の息(むす)子(こ)なんだ‼
       Kare wa‥‥ Ryūichi wa watashi no musuko na n da‼
       He’s‥‥ Ryūichi is really my son!!
** 2009 January 10, Masami Tsuda, “第(だい)一(いち)話(わ)　石(いし)の薔(ば)薇(ら)と氷(こおり)の桜(さくら) [Chapter 1: Stone Rose and Ice Cherry Blossom]”, in ちょっと江戸まで [Just Going to Edo], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, pages 10–11:
    儂(わし)は好(す)き放(ほう)題(だい)に生(い)きてきた……決(けっ)してひとに褒(ほ)められるような人(じん)生(せい)ではなかった…………が…ただひとつ誇(ほこ)れるものがある…お前(まえ)を息(むす)子(こ)に持(も)ったことさ…！アディオス
       Washi wa suki hōdai ni ikite kita…… Kesshite hito ni homerareru yō na jinsei de wa nakatta………… ga… tada hitotsu hokoreru mono ga aru… Omae o musuko ni motta koto sa…! Adiosu
       I’ve lived in self-indulgence all my life… It’s by no means a life worth praising… But… there’s still one thing I’ve always been proud of… That’s having you as my son…! Adiós!
* (euphemistic, humorous) penis
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎

#### Synonyms

* 坊(ぼ)っちゃん (botchan) (honorific)
* 息(むす)子(こ)さん (musuko-san) (honorific)

#### Related terms

* 娘(むすめ) (musume, “daughter”)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN