# ⲥⲱⲧⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ (sōtem) — Bohairic, Fayyumic
* ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ (sōtme) — Akhmimic
* ⲥⲟⲧⲙ (sotm) — Oxyrhynchite
* ⲥⲱⲧⲏⲙ (sōtēm) — Hermopolitan

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsoːtəm/

### Verb

ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • (sōtm̄) (nominal state ⲥⲉⲧⲙ̄- (setm̄-), pronominal state ⲥⲟⲧⲙ⸗ (sotm⸗))
* (Sahidic, Lycopolitan) to hear

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ sōtm̄ | imperative | affirmative | ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ sōtm̄ |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tm̄sōtm̄ | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pr̄sōtm̄ |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tisōtm̄ | ⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ksōtm̄ | ⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tesōtm̄ | ϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ fsōtm̄ | ⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ssōtm̄ | ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tn̄sōtm̄ | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ sesōtm̄ | ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ sōtm̄ |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eïsōtm̄ | ⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eksōtm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eresōtm̄ | ⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ efsōtm̄ | ⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ essōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ensōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eusōtm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ere- sōtm̄ |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etisōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etk̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etesōtm̄, eteresōtm̄ | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etf̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ets̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etousōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etere- sōtm̄ |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neïsōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neksōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neresōtm̄ | ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nefsōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nessōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nensōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ netetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neusōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nere- sōtm̄ |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tinasōtm̄ | ⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ knasōtm̄ | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tenasōtm̄ | ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ fnasōtm̄ | ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ snasōtm̄ | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tn̄nasōtm̄ | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tetnasōtm̄ | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ senasōtm̄ | ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nasōtm̄ |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eïnasōtm̄ | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eknasōtm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ erenasōtm̄ | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ efnasōtm̄ | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ esnasōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ennasōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etetnasōtm̄ | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eunasōtm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ere- nasōtm̄ |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etinasōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etk̄nasōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etenasōtm̄, eterenasōtm̄ | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etf̄nasōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ets̄nasōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etn̄nasōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etetnasōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etounasōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etere- nasōtm̄ |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neïnasōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neknasōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nerenasōtm̄ | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nefnasōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nesnasōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nennasōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ netetnasōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neunasōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nere- nasōtm̄ |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ aïsōtm̄ | ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ aksōtm̄ | ⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ asōtm̄, arsōtm̄, aresōtm̄ | ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ afsōtm̄ | ⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ assōtm̄ | ⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ansōtm̄ | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ atetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ausōtm̄ | ⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ a- sōtm̄ |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pisōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pk̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pesōtm̄, m̄pr̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pf̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄ps̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pn̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄petn̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pousōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pe- sōtm̄ |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eaïsōtm̄ | ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eaksōtm̄ | ⲉⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ easōtm̄, earsōtm̄, earesōtm̄ | ⲉⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eafsōtm̄ | ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eassōtm̄ | ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eansōtm̄ | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eatetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eausōtm̄ | ⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ea- sōtm̄ |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄pisōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄pk̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄pesōtm̄, em̄pr̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄pf̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄ps̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄pn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄petn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄pousōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄pe- sōtm̄ |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ entaïsōtm̄, n̄taïsōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ entaksōtm̄, n̄taksōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ entasōtm̄, n̄tasōtm̄, entarsōtm̄, n̄tarsōtm̄, entaresōtm̄, n̄taresōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ entafsōtm̄, n̄tafsōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ entassōtm̄, n̄tassōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ entansōtm̄, n̄tansōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ entatetn̄sōtm̄, n̄tatetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ entausōtm̄, n̄tausōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ enta- sōtm̄, n̄ta- sōtm̄ |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄pisōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄pk̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄pesōtm̄, etem̄pr̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄pf̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄ps̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄pn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄petn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄pousōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄pe- sōtm̄ |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neaïsōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neaksōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neasōtm̄, nearsōtm̄, nearesōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neafsōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neassōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neansōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neatetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ neausōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nea- sōtm̄ |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄pisōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄pk̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄pesōtm̄, nem̄pr̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄pf̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄ps̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄pn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄petn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄pousōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄pe- sōtm̄ |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄taïsōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄taksōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tasōtm̄, n̄tarsōtm̄, n̄taresōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tafsōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tassōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tansōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tatetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tausōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄ta- sōtm̄ |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄patisōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄patk̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄patesōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄patf̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pats̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄patn̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄patetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄patousōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pate- sōtm̄ |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄patisōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄patk̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄patesōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄patf̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄pats̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄patn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄patetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄patousōtm̄ | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ em̄pate- sōtm̄ |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄patisōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄patk̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄patesōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄patf̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄pats̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄patn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄patetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄patousōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etem̄pate- sōtm̄ |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄patisōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄patk̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄patesōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄patf̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄pats̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄patn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄patetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄patousōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nem̄pate- sōtm̄ |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šaïsōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šaksōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šaresōtm̄ | ϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šafsōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šassōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šansōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šatetn̄sōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šausōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šare- sōtm̄ |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ meïsōtm̄ | ⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ meksōtm̄ | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ meresōtm̄ | ⲙⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ mefsōtm̄ | ⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ messōtm̄ | ⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ mensōtm̄ | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ metetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ meusōtm̄ | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ mere- sōtm̄ |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ešaïsōtm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ešaksōtm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ešaresōtm̄ | ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ešafsōtm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ešassōtm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ešansōtm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ešatetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ešausōtm̄ | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ešare- sōtm̄ |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emeïsōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emeksōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emeresōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emefsōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emessōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emensōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emetetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emeusōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emere- sōtm̄ |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etešaïsōtm̄, ešaïsōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etešaksōtm̄, ešaksōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etešaresōtm̄, ešaresōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etešafsōtm̄, ešafsōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etešassōtm̄, ešassōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etešansōtm̄, ešansōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etešatetn̄sōtm̄, ešatetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etešausōtm̄, ešausōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etešare- sōtm̄, ešare- sōtm̄ |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etemeïsōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etemeksōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etemeresōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etemefsōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etemessōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etemensōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etemetetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etemeusōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etemere- sōtm̄ |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nešaïsōtm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nešaksōtm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nešaresōtm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nešafsōtm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nešassōtm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nešansōtm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nešatetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nešausōtm̄ | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nešare- sōtm̄ |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nemeïsōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nemeksōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nemeresōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nemefsōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nemessōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nemensōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nemetetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nemeusōtm̄ | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ nemere- sōtm̄ |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emeïsōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emeksōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emeresōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emefsōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emessōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emensōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emetetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emeusōtm̄ | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ emere- sōtm̄ |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eïesōtm̄ | ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ekesōtm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eresōtm̄ | ⲉϥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ efesōtm̄ | ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ esesōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ enesōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etetnesōtm̄ | ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ euesōtm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ere- sōtm̄ |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄nasōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄neksōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄nesōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄nefsōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄nessōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄nensōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄netn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄neusōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄ne- sōtm̄ |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ marisōtm̄ | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ marefsōtm̄ | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ maressōtm̄ | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ marn̄sōtm̄ | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ marousōtm̄ | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ mare- sōtm̄ |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pr̄trasōtm̄ | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pr̄trefsōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pr̄tressōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pr̄trensōtm̄ | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pr̄treusōtm̄ | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ m̄pr̄tre- sōtm̄ |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲧⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tasōtm̄, tasōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲅⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄gsōtm̄, n̄ksōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tesōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄fsōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄ssōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄sesōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄te- sōtm̄ |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tarisōtm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tareksōtm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ taresōtm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tarefsōtm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ taressōtm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tarn̄sōtm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ taretn̄sōtm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tarousōtm̄ | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ tare- sōtm̄ |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄terisōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tereksōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄teresōtm̄, n̄terersōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄terefsōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄teressōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tern̄sōtm̄, n̄terensōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄teretn̄sōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄terousōtm̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ n̄tere- sōtm̄ |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šantisōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šantk̄sōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šantesōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šantf̄sōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šants̄sōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šantn̄sōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šantetn̄sōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šantousōtm̄ | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ šante- sōtm̄ |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eïšansōtm̄ | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ekšansōtm̄ | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eršansōtm̄, erešansōtm̄ | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ efšansōtm̄ | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ esšansōtm̄ | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ enšansōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etetn̄šansōtm̄ | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eušansōtm̄ | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eršan- sōtm̄ |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eïsōtm̄ | ⲉⲕⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eksōtm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eresōtm̄ | ⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ efsōtm̄ | ⲉⲥⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ essōtm̄ | ⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ensōtm̄ | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ etetn̄sōtm̄ | ⲉⲩⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ eusōtm̄ | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ ere- sōtm̄ |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Noun

ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ • (sōtm̄) m
* (Sahidic, Lycopolitan) hearing, obedience