# stiprs
## Latvian
### Etymology

Derived from the verb stipt (“to become rigid, to harden”), from the same stem as stiept (“to stretch”) (q.v.); the (adjectivizing?) r (< *-ro) follows the pattern of stingt (“to harden, to stiffen”), stingrs (“firm, strong, strict”). Cognates include Lithuanian stiprùs, dialectal stìpras, Old Prussian postippin (“all”) (acc.), postippan (“all, entirely, completely”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [stipɾs]
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### Adjective

stiprs (definite stiprais, comparative stiprāks, superlative visstiprākais, adverb stipri)
* strong (person, animal with great strength, who is physically well developed)
    stiprs puisis, vīrs ― strong guy, man
    stiprs kā lācis, kā lauva ― strong as a bear, as a lion
    stiprais dzimums ― the strong sex (i.e., men)
    stiprs zirgs ― strong horse
* (of body parts) strong (big, well developed)
    stiprs organisms ― strong organism
    stipri zobi ― strong teeth
    kas cilvēkam ir stiprāks: rokas vai kājas? ― what is stronger on a person: the arms or the legs?
* (of plants, their parts) strong, firm, hard, well developed, not weak, not brittle
    stiprs ozols ― strong, big oak
    stiprs zars ― strong, firm, big branch
    stipras saknes ― strong roots
    stiprs rieksts ― strong, hard nut
* (of actions, physiological processes) strong, extreme (which is done or happens with strength, energy, intensity)
    stiprs sitiens, tvēriens ― strong blow, grip
    stiprs kājas spēriens ― strong (leg) kick
    stipra piepūle ― strong effort
    stipras sāpes, graizes ― strong pain, colic
    stiprs nogurums ― extreme fatigue
* (of events) strong (of higher intensity than usual, when compared to other similar events)
    stiprs vējš, sals ― strong, heavy wind, frost
    stipri nokrišņi ― strong precipitation, rainfall
    stipra straume ― strong current, stream
* (of sounds, light) strong, intense
    stipras skaņas ― intense sounds
    stiprs troksnis ― intense noise
    lasīt stiprā balsī ― to read in a strong, loud voice
    stipra saules gaisma ― intense sunlight
* (of objects) strong, heavy, resistant, powerful, well built
    stiprs cirvis ― heavy ax
    stiprs žogs ― strong fence
    stipra celtne ― strong building
    stipri apavi ― strong shoes
    stipra klints ― strong rock
    stipra audums ― strong fabric
* (of equipment, machines, parts) strong (with great capacity, strength, intensity of effects)
    stiprs motors ― strong motor
    stipra spuldze ― strong light bulb
* (of activities) strong (well developed, organized)
    stipra zemkopība ― strong agriculture
* (of smells, substances, medicine) strong, irritating, having strong effect, influence on the organism
    stipra sveķu smarža ― strong smell of resin
    stiprs medikaments ― strong medicine
    stipra tabaka ― strong tobacco
    stipra inde ― strong poison
* (of solutions, broths) strong, thick (containing a relatively large proportion of ingredients, substances)
    stiprs šķīdums ― strong solution
    stiprs buljons ― strong, thick broth
    stiprs alkoholisks dzēriens ― strong alcoholic beverage
    stiprs vīns ― strong wine
* (of food, air) strong, hearty, healthy (which gives strength, energy, freshness)
    stipras brokastis ― strong, hearty breakfast
    stiprs pavasara gaiss ― strong, healthy spring air
* (of psychological and emotional states) strong (expressed intensively)
    stipra draudzība ― strong friendship
    stipras dusmas ― strong, intense anger
    stipras ilgas ― strong desire
    stiprs uztraukums ― intense excitement
* (of people, their personality) strong (capable of taking decisive action under difficult circumstances)
    stipra personība ― strong personality
    stiprs raksturs ― strong character
* (of people) strong (having deep knowledge of, skilled, experienced)
    matemātikā viņš bija stiprs ― in mathematics he is strong
    neesmu stiprs astronomijā ― I am not strong in astronomy
* (of ideas, viewpoints) strong (steady, unchanging)
    stipra pārliecība ― strong conviction
    stipra ticība ― strong belief, faith
* (of power, words) strong, powerful, influential, convincing
    stipra valsts vara ― strong state power
    stiprs arguments ― strong argument
    stiprs iebildums ― strong opposition
* (of words, expressions) strong, open, rude
    ezermalā sanāca vīru kompānijas, dzēra degvīnu, un neskopojās ar stipriem izteicieniem ― a group of men came by the lakeshore, drank voda, and didn't spare the strong words (lit. expressions)

#### Synonyms

* spēcīgs

#### Antonyms

* vājš
* (colloquial) jēls, švaks

#### Derived terms

* stiprība
* stiprums

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “stiprs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN