# 方舟
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fāngzhōu
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤ ㄓㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^1$ zau$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong-chiu
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$faon-tseu$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fāngzhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fangjhou
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^1$-chou$^1$
*** Yale: fāng-jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fangjou
*** Palladius: фанчжоу (fančžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^1$ zau$^1$
*** Yale: fōng jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^1$ dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^1$ zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-chiu
*** Tâi-lô: hong-tsiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hongciw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ t͡siu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$faon-tseu$_1$
*** MiniDict: faon$^平$ tseu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$faan-tseu$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /fɑ̃⁴⁴ t͡søy/
* Middle Chinese: pjang tsyuw
Rime :
| Character | 方 | 舟 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 府良切 | 職流切 |
| Baxter | pjang | tsyuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐŋ/ | /t͡ɕɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐŋ/ | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɑŋ/ | /t͡ɕiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puaŋ/ | /cuw/ |
| Li Rong | /piuaŋ/ | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwaŋ/ | /t͡ɕĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /piwaŋ/ | /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fāng | zhōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^1$ | zau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C-paŋ|paŋ tu/
    (Zhengzhang): /*paŋ tjɯw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 方 | 方 | 方 | 舟 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fāng | fāng | fāng | zhōu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjang › | ‹ pjang › | ‹ pjang › | ‹ tsyuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*C-paŋ/ | /*paŋ/ | /*paŋ/ | /*tu/ |
| English | square | method | just, then | boat |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 方 | 舟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3023 | 17504 |
| Phonetic component | 方 | 舟 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 方 | 周 |
| Old Chinese | /*paŋ/ | /*tjɯw/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象槳即榜初文， 下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆 | |

### Noun

方舟
* ark (ship)

#### Derived terms

* 挪亞方舟／挪亚方舟 (Nuóyà Fāngzhōu)
* 諾亞方舟／诺亚方舟 (Nuòyà Fāngzhōu)
* 諾厄方舟／诺厄方舟 (Nuò'è Fāngzhōu)

### Proper noun

方舟
* (Christianity, Judaism, Islam) Ark (ship built by Noah)

### Verb

方舟
* (Classical, of two boats) to be joined together

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 方 | 舟 |
| はこふね > はこぶね ||
| Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 箱船 箱舟

### Etymology

箱 (hako, “box; chest; ark”) +‎ 船 (fune, “ship; boat”). The spellings 箱船/箱舟 use the literal word for "box", while this spelling uses the Chinese 方 for the "squarish" shape of a box, as in 方形 (hōkei, “square”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はこぶね [hàkóbúné] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) はこぶね [hàkóbúꜜnè] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ha̠ko̞bɯ̟ne̞]

### Noun

方舟(はこぶね) • (hakobune)
* (literal) a rectangular/cuboid/boxy watercraft

### Proper noun

方舟(はこぶね) • (Hakobune)
* Short for ノアの方舟 (Noa no Hakobune, “Noah's Ark”).

### See also

* 契(けい)約(やく)の箱(はこ) (Keiyaku no Hako, “Ark of the Covenant”)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 方 | 舟 |

### Noun

方舟 • (bangju or McCune-Reischauer: pangju or Yale: pangcwu) (hangeul 방주)
* hanja form of 방주 (“ark”)

### Proper noun

方舟 • (Bangju or McCune-Reischauer: Pangju or Yale: Pangcwu) (hangeul 방주)
* hanja form of 방주 (“Ark”)