# 裔

| 裔 | U+88D4, &#35028; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88D4 |
| ← 裓 [U+88D3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 裕 → [U+88D5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

裔 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜女月金口 (YVBCR), four-corner 0022$_7$, composition ⿱衣冏)

#### Derived characters

* 㵝, 𨘆, 𧞥, 䕍, 𬰏

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1117, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34303
* Dae Jaweon: page 1583, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3091, character 1
* Unihan data for U+88D4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 裔 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *leds) : semantic 衣 (“cloth”) + phonetic 㕯.

### Etymology
#### border

    Schuessler (2007) compares 裔 (OC *leds) to Tibetan ལྡེབས (ldebs, “side, closure, fence”)

#### posterity, descendants

    裔 (OC *lats < *laps, “posterity, descendants”) is possibly back-formation (voicing) from 世 (OC *lhats < *lhaps, “generation, epoch > world”), which is from iterative devoicing of 葉 (OC *leb, “leaf”) + *-s suffix, meaning successive foliages of a tree > generations (ibid.).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yì (yi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jeoi$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yi
* Eastern Min (BUC): iô
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ē / ī / è / ì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): i$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yì
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yì
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$
*** Yale: yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jeoi$^6$
*** Yale: yeuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɵy̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
*** Hakka Romanization System: i
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iô
*** Sinological IPA : /yɔ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē
*** Tâi-lô: ē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: e
*** IPA (Xiamen): /e²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /e⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ī
*** Tâi-lô: ī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: i
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /i²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: è
*** Tâi-lô: è
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /e²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /e¹¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ì
*** Tâi-lô: ì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: i$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /i³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yi
*** MiniDict: yi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
* Middle Chinese: yejH
Rime :
| Character | 裔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 餘制切 |
| Baxter | yejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l[a][t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*leds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 裔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l[a][t]-s/ |
| English | posterity; border |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 裔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15165 |
| Phonetic component | 裔 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 曵 |
| Old Chinese | /*leds/ |

### Definitions

裔
* descendant; posterity
    後裔／后裔 ― hòuyì ― descendant; offspring
    日裔美國人／日裔美国人 ― Rì yì měiguórén ― Japanese American
* (literary) edge; brim; margin
    From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
    yóu yú jiāngxún hǎiyì [Pinyin]
    Strolling along the riverbank and seashore
* (literary) borderland; frontier; remote region
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Húndūn, Qióngqí, Táowù, Tāotiè, tóu zhū sìyì, yǐ yù chīmèi. [Pinyin]
    Chaos, oddity, block-stump, and glutton were all cast out to the four frontiers to ward off ill sprites and evil spirits.
* (literary) people of the borderlands
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Yì bù móu xià, yí bù luàn huá. [Pinyin]
    The borderers may not plot against the grand ("夏") domains; the aliens should not sow chaos among the flourishing ("華") peoples.
* (literary) clothing's edge
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 亞裔／亚裔 (yàyì)
* 八裔
* 四裔 (sìyì)
* 容裔 (róngyì)
* 後裔／后裔 (hòuyì)
* 德垂後裔／德垂后裔
* 族裔 (zúyì)
* 昆裔
* 歐裔／欧裔 (ōuyì)
* 水裔
* 江潯海裔／江浔海裔
* 派裔
* 涌裔
* 窮裔／穷裔
* 美裔 (měiyì)
* 胄裔
* 苗裔 (miáoyì)
* 荒裔
* 華裔／华裔 (huáyì)
* 裔土
* 裔夷 (yìyí)
* 裔孫／裔孙 (yìsūn)
* 裔末
* 裔民
* 裔胄
* 裔裔
* 遙裔／遥裔
* 遠裔／远裔
* 邊裔／边裔
* 非裔 (fēiyì)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* descendant
* border

#### Readings

* Go-on: えい (ei)
* Kan-on: えい (ei)
* Kun: すそ (suso, 裔)、すえ (sue, 裔)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 裔
* えい Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 裔 (MC yejH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えー [éꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [e̞ː]

#### Affix

裔(えい) • (ei)
* descendants; offspring

#### Noun

裔(えい) • (ei)
* (literary) descendants

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 裔
* こはな Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* For pronunciation and definitions of 裔 – see the following entry: こはな
(The following entry is uncreated: こはな.)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

裔 • (ye) (hangeul 예)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.