# 躑躅
## Chinese
### Etymology

Cognate with 躊躇 (OC *du da), 踟躕 (OC *de do), 彳亍 (OC *tʰeɡ toɡs/tʰoɡ), all meaning "walking slowly or with difficulty > hesitant".

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhízhú
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄓㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak$^6$ zuk$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhízhú
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄓㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhjhú
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$-chu$^2$
*** Yale: jŕ-jú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrjwu
*** Palladius: чжичжу (čžičžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaak$^6$ zuk$^6$
*** Yale: jaahk juhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak$^9$ dzuk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zag$^6$ zug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːk̚² t͡sʊk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: drjek drjowk
Rime :
| Character | 躑 | 躅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 直炙切 | 直録切 |
| Baxter | drjek | drjowk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖiᴇk̚/ | /ɖɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiɛk̚/ | /ɖiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiæk̚/ | /ȡiok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖiajk̚/ | /ɖuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiɛk̚/ | /ȡiok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭɛk̚/ | /ȡĭwok̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ɛk̚/ | /ȡʱi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhí | zhú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zik$^6$ | zuk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]rek [d]rok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*deɡ doɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 躑 | 躅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhí | zhuó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjek › | ‹ drjowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]rek/ | /*[d]rok/ |
| English | 躑躅 stamp the feet | 躑躅 stamp the feet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 躑 | 躅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2354 | 11826 |
| Phonetic component | 奠 | 蜀 |
| Rime group | 錫 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 擲 | |
| Old Chinese | /*deɡ/ | /*doɡ/ |

### Verb

躑躅
* (literary) to walk to and fro; to wander about

#### Synonyms

* 彷徨 (pánghuáng)
* 徘徊
* 盤旋／盘旋 (pánxuán)
* 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán)
* 走來走去／走来走去 (zǒuláizǒuqù)
* 踟躕／踟蹰 (chíchú)

### Noun

躑躅
* (literary) Alternative name for 杜鵑花／杜鹃花 (dùjuānhuā, “rhododendron”).

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 躑 | 躅 |
| つつじ ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||

### Etymology

Ultimate derivation unknown. Various theories have been proposed, including:
* A shift from 続き咲き (tsuzuki saki, literally “continuously blooming”)
* Possibly related to Korean 철쭉 (cheoljjuk), as in 황철쭉 (hwangcheoljjuk, “Rhododendron japonicum”)
The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú).

### Noun

躑躅(つつじ) or 躑躅(ツツジ) • (tsutsuji)
* rhododendron, azalea

#### Usage notes

Broadly speaking, the azalea blooms earlier and is distinguished in Japanese as 皐月 (satsuki).

### Proper noun

躑躅(つつじ) • (Tsutsuji)
* a female given name
* a surname

### Further reading

* Entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
* Entry at Gogen Allguide (in Japanese)