# 舊金山
## Chinese

* 舊金山

### Etymology

The name refers to the gold rush in the 19th century, and "old" is in comparison to the "New Gold Mountain" (新金山 (Xīnjīnshān)) of Melbourne, Australia. (金山 (jīnshān) is being used loosely for any place of great chances for wealth in a similar fashion to the English "gold mine".)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Jiùjīnshān
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄕㄢ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gau$^6$ gam$^1$ saan$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): giu$^5$ gim$^1$ san$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Khiu-kîm-sân
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Kū-kim-soaⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Jiùjīnshān
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄕㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jiòujinshan
*** Wade–Giles: Chiu$^4$-chin$^1$-shan$^1$
*** Yale: Jyòu-jīn-shān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jiowjinshan
*** Palladius: Цзюцзиньшань (Czjuczinʹšanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gau$^6$ gam$^1$ saan$^1$
*** Yale: gauh gām sāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gau$^6$ gam$^1$ saan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: geo$^6$ gem$^1$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐu̯²² kɐm⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: giu$^5$ gim$^1$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiu³² kim³³ san³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Khiu-kîm-sân
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiu gim$^ˊ$ san$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiu$^4$ gim$^1$ san$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯u⁵⁵ kim²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kū-kim-soaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Kū-kim-suann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kuxkimsvoaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ku²²⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁴¹⁻²² kim³³ suã³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ku²²⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ku³³⁻¹¹ kim⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku³³⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

### Proper noun

舊金山
* (chiefly Mainland China, Taiwan, dated in Hong Kong) San Francisco (a city in California, United States)
** 1904, Liang Qichao, 新大陸遊記, 廣智書局, published 1907, page 192:
       Wú guān quán dìqiú zhī shèhuì, wèi yǒu língluàn yú Jiùjīnshān zhī huárén zhě. Cǐ hé yǐ gù? Yuē zìyóu ěr. [Pinyin]
       From all the societies I have seen in the world, there is no society as disorderly as the Chinese community in San Francisco. Why so? It's because of freedom.
    From: 1929, Zhao Erxun, "Draft History of Qing"
    Zhōngguó gōngshāng lǚjū Xīn Jiù jīnshān, Tánxiāngshān, Xīnjiāpō, Bīnlángyǔ, Gǔbā, Mìlǔ zhě, bùxià shù bǎiwàn rén, wǎngwǎng yǒu yī zhǐ jiāshū shí nián bù dá zhě, yuán yóuhuì yǒu kòuzǔ wúyuēguó wénhán zhī lì yě. [Pinyin]
    Chinese workers and merchants living abroad in the New and Old Gold Mountains, Hawaii, Singapore, Penang Island, Cuba and Peru numbered at least millions. Their home letters often failed to reach their hometowns ten years after being sent, since the mail company had the custom of intercepting mails sent to non-treaty powers.

#### Synonyms

* 金山大埠
* 三藩 (Sānfān)
* 聖弗朗西斯科／圣弗朗西斯科 (Shèng Fúlǎngxīsīkē)
* (obsolete) 山藩市 (Shānfānshì), 三凡市 (Sānfánshì), 金山 (jīnshān)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 舊金山 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 三藩市, 舊金山 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 三藩市, San Fran |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 舊金山, 三藩市 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 大埠 |

#### Derived terms

* 舊金山港／旧金山港 (Jiùjīnshān Gǎng)

#### Related terms

* 新金山 (Xīnjīnshān, “Melbourne, Victoria, Australia”)

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: Cựu Kim Sơn (舊金山)