# toirmisc
## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish toirmiscid, from Old Irish do·airmesca (“hinders, obstructs, restrains, checks, forbids”, verb).

#### Verb

toirmisc (present analytic toirmisceann, future analytic toirmiscfidh, verbal noun toirmeasc, past participle toirmiscthe)
* (transitive, intransitive) prohibit, forbid; prevent, hinder

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | toirmiscim | toirmisceann tú; toirmiscir$^†$ | toirmisceann sé, sí | toirmiscimid | toirmisceann sibh | toirmisceann siad; toirmiscid$^†$ | a thoirmisceann; a thoirmisceas / a dtoirmisceann* | toirmisctear |
| indicative | past | thoirmisc mé; thoirmisceas | thoirmisc tú; thoirmiscis | thoirmisc sé, sí | thoirmisceamar; thoirmisc muid | thoirmisc sibh; thoirmisceabhair | thoirmisc siad; thoirmisceadar | a thoirmisc / ar thoirmisc* | toirmisceadh |
| indicative | past habitual | thoirmiscinn / dtoirmiscinn‡‡ | thoirmiscteá / dtoirmiscteá‡‡ | thoirmisceadh sé, sí / dtoirmisceadh sé, sí‡‡ | thoirmiscimis; thoirmisceadh muid / dtoirmiscimis‡‡; dtoirmisceadh muid‡‡ | thoirmisceadh sibh / dtoirmisceadh sibh‡‡ | thoirmiscidís; thoirmisceadh siad / dtoirmiscidís‡‡; dtoirmisceadh siad‡‡ | a thoirmisceadh / a dtoirmisceadh* | thoirmisctí / dtoirmisctí‡‡ |
| future | future | toirmiscfidh mé; toirmiscfead | toirmiscfidh tú; toirmiscfir$^†$ | toirmiscfidh sé, sí | toirmiscfimid; toirmiscfidh muid | toirmiscfidh sibh | toirmiscfidh siad; toirmiscfid$^†$ | a thoirmiscfidh; a thoirmiscfeas / a dtoirmiscfidh* | toirmiscfear |
| conditional | conditional | thoirmiscfinn / dtoirmiscfinn‡‡ | thoirmiscfeá / dtoirmiscfeá‡‡ | thoirmiscfeadh sé, sí / dtoirmiscfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | thoirmiscfimis; thoirmiscfeadh muid / dtoirmiscfimis‡‡; dtoirmiscfeadh muid‡‡ | thoirmiscfeadh sibh / dtoirmiscfeadh sibh‡‡ | thoirmiscfidís; thoirmiscfeadh siad / dtoirmiscfidís‡‡; dtoirmiscfeadh siad‡‡ | a thoirmiscfeadh / a dtoirmiscfeadh* | thoirmiscfí / dtoirmiscfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go dtoirmisce mé; go dtoirmiscead$^†$ | go dtoirmisce tú; go dtoirmiscir$^†$ | go dtoirmisce sé, sí | go dtoirmiscimid; go dtoirmisce muid | go dtoirmisce sibh | go dtoirmisce siad; go dtoirmiscid$^†$ | — | go dtoirmisctear |
| subjunctive | past | dá dtoirmiscinn | dá dtoirmiscteá | dá dtoirmisceadh sé, sí | dá dtoirmiscimis; dá dtoirmisceadh muid | dá dtoirmisceadh sibh | dá dtoirmiscidís; dá dtoirmisceadh siad | — | dá dtoirmisctí |
| imperative | imperative | toirmiscim | toirmisc | toirmisceadh sé, sí | toirmiscimis | toirmiscigí; toirmiscidh$^†$ | toirmiscidís | — | toirmisctear |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | toirmeasc | toirmeasc | toirmeasc | toirmeasc | toirmeasc | toirmeasc | toirmeasc | toirmeasc |
| past participle | past participle | toirmiscthe | toirmiscthe | toirmiscthe | toirmiscthe | toirmiscthe | toirmiscthe | toirmiscthe | toirmiscthe |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

##### Alternative forms

* toirmeascaigh

##### Derived terms

* toirmeascaí m (“prohibitor; hinderer, obstructor; mischief-maker”)

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

toirmisc
* proscriptive

#### Noun

toirmisc m
* inflection of toirmeasc (“prohibition; prevention, hindrance; mischief, dissension; mishap, misfortune”):
** vocative/genitive singular
** nominative/dative plural

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “toirmisc”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “toirmiscid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do·airmesca”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “toirmisc”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “toirmisc”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024