# 掐

| 掐 | U+6390, &#25488; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6390 |
| ← 掏 [U+638F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 掑 → [U+6391] |

## Translingual
### Han character

掐 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手弓竹難 (QNHX), four-corner 5707$_7$, composition ⿰扌臽)
* hold
* gather with hand
* choke

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 437, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12253
* Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1902, character 7
* Unihan data for U+6390

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 掐
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 萏 | *l'oːmʔ |
| 窞 | *l'oːmʔ |
| 惂 | *kʰloːmʔ |
| 輡 | *kʰloːmʔ |
| 錎 | *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms |
| 埳 | *kʰloːmʔ |
| 臽 | *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms |
| 淊 | *ɡloːmʔ, *qroːm, *qroːms, *lomʔ |
| 欿 | *ɡloːmʔ |
| 蜭 | *ɡloːmʔ, *ɡluːms |
| 啗 | *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
| 鵮 | *ʔr'oːm, *kʰroːm, *kʰroːms |
| 餡 | *ɡroːms |
| 陷 | *ɡroːms |
| 爓 | *ljom, *loms |
| 諂 | *l̥ʰomʔ |
| 讇 | *l̥ʰomʔ |
| 閻 | *lom |
| 焰 | *loms |
| 壛 | *lom |
| 櫩 | *lom |
| 燄 | *lomʔ |
| 掐 | *kʰroːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰroːb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms).
It may alternatively be interpreted as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 手 (“hand”) + 臽 (“hole”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiā (qia$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haap$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khang
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khiap / khap
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$khaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiā
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cia
*** Wade–Giles: chʻia$^1$
*** Yale: chyā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chia
*** Palladius: ця (cja)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haap$^3$
*** Yale: haap
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haap$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hab$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːp̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khang
*** Hakka Romanization System: kang
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰaŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiap
*** Tâi-lô: khiap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiab
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiap̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiap̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khap
*** Tâi-lô: khap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qab
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰap̚³²/
* khiap - vernacular;
* khap - literary.
* Middle Chinese: kheap
Rime :
| Character | 掐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 洽 (152) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 苦洽切 |
| Baxter | kheap |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠɛp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰᵚæp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəɨp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɐp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɐp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰăp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qia |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haap$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːb/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 掐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13571 |
| Phonetic component | 臽 |
| Rime group | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 恰 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰroːb/ |

### Definitions

掐
* to pinch
* to strangle
    掐死你 ― qiā sǐ nǐ ― strangle you to death
* to put out (a cigarette)
* to cut out (a video recording, so it will not be published, usually when shooting a movie or TV program)

### Compounds

* 促掐
* 半掐
* 掐住
* 掐尖兒／掐尖儿
* 掐尖子
* 掐尖落鈔／掐尖落钞
* 掐巴
* 掐指一算
* 掄掄掐掐／抡抡掐掐
* 掐算
* 掐脖子
* 掐訣／掐诀
* 掐頭去尾／掐头去尾
* 掐鼻皺眉／掐鼻皱眉

#### Descendants

* → Khmer: កៀប (kiəp) (via Hokkien khiap)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こう (kō)、きょう (kyō)
* Kun: つまむ (tsumamu)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

掐: Hán Nôm readings: kháp, khắp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation