# 肅

| 肅 | U+8085, &#32901; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8085 |
| ← 肄 [U+8084] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 肆 → [U+8086] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 肅 |
| Shinjitai | 粛 |
| Simplified | 肃 |

### Han character

肅 (Kangxi radical 129, 聿+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 中難 (LX), four-corner 5022$_7$, composition ⿻肀𣶒(GJKT) or ⿻𦘒𣶒(H))

#### Derived characters

* 嘯 彇 㩋 潚 㬘 橚 熽 璛 䐹 䃤 䊥 繡 蟰 鏽 驌 鱐 㔅 㪩 歗 䎘 鷫 蕭 簫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 971, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29225
* Dae Jaweon: page 1423, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3169, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8085

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 簫 | *sɯːw |
| 蕭 | *sɯːw |
| 瀟 | *sɯːw |
| 潚 | *sɯːw, *sɯwɢ |
| 彇 | *sɯːw |
| 蟰 | *sɯːw, *sɯwɢ |
| 橚 | *sɯːw, *sɯwɢ |
| 嘯 | *sɯːwɢs |
| 歗 | *sɯːwɢs |
| 熽 | *sɯːwɢs |
| 繡 | *sɯwɢs |
| 鏽 | *sɯwɢs |
| 肅 | *sɯwɢ |
| 鷫 | *sɯwɢ |
| 驌 | *sɯwɢ |
| 鱐 | *sɯwɢ |
| 璛 | *sɯwɢ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𦘒 (“hand holding brush”) + 𣶒 (“abyss”). Uncertain. One interpretation says it depicts a person sweeping or walking with a staff near an abyss, conveying solemnity or respectful handling of affairs.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sù (su$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): suk$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̆
* Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siok / sok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sog$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sù
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sù
*** Wade–Giles: su$^4$
*** Yale: sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
*** Palladius: су (su)
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: suk$^1$
*** Yale: sūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: suk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊk̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /sy²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳk
*** Sinological IPA : /søyʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siok
*** Tâi-lô: siok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siog
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sok
*** Tâi-lô: sok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sog
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔk̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sok
*** Sinological IPA : /sok̚²/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit肅 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /su⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /su⁵³/ /su⁴⁴/ 甘～ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /su⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕy²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /su⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /sy²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕy²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕy⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /su¹³/ 嚴～ /ɕy¹³/ 甘～ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /su¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /su²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /səu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕyo³¹/ /ɕy³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕiu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /su³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /suʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /suəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕyʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕyəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /soʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /soʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /soʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕɤu²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /suʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /səu⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /səu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /səɯ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiuʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /siuk̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /siuk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sok̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬuk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /suk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siɔk̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /souʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sy²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sok̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /sok̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: sjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 肅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息逐切 |
| Baxter | sjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /suwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /siuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | su |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | suk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*siwk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɯwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 肅 | 肅 | 肅 | 肅 | 肅 |
| Reading # | 1/5 | 2/5 | 3/5 | 4/5 | 5/5 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sù | sù | sù | sù | sù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjuwk › | ‹ sjuwk › | ‹ sjuwk › | ‹ sjuwk › | ‹ sjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*siwk/ | /*siwk/ | /*siwk/ | /*siwk/ | /*siwk/ |
| English | solemn, severe | contract (v.); shrivel | present (v.) | beat (v.) | eager; swift |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 肅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12125 |
| Phonetic component | 肅 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 肅 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɯwɢ/ |

### Definitions

肅
* respectful
* solemn
    肅靜／肃静 ― sùjìng ― solemnly silent
* to rectify; to tighten; to strengthen
* to eliminate
    肅清／肃清 ― sùqīng ― to eliminate; to purge
* a surname

### Compounds

* 名正肅／名正肃
* 嚴肅／严肃 (yánsù)
* 寒肅／寒肃
* 恭肅嚴整／恭肃严整
* 態度嚴肅／态度严肃
* 敬肅者／敬肃者
* 整肅／整肃 (zhěngsù)
* 檢肅／检肃
* 甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù)
* 祗肅／祗肃
* 秋高氣肅／秋高气肃
* 端肅／端肃
* 肅函／肃函
* 肅北／肃北 (Sùběi)
* 肅北蒙古族自治縣／肃北蒙古族自治县
* 肅反／肃反 (sùfǎn)
* 肅呈／肃呈
* 肅坐／肃坐
* 肅客／肃客
* 肅州／肃州 (Sùzhōu)
* 肅恭／肃恭
* 肅慎／肃慎 (Sùshèn)
* 肅拜／肃拜
* 肅殺／肃杀 (sùshā)
* 肅清／肃清 (sùqīng)
* 肅然／肃然 (sùrán)
* 肅然起敬／肃然起敬 (sùránqǐjìng)
* 肅爽／肃爽 (sùshuāng)
* 肅穆／肃穆 (sùmù)
* 肅立／肃立 (sùlì)
* 肅肅／肃肃
* 肅貪／肃贪
* 肅雝／肃雍
* 肅靜／肃静 (sùjìng)
* 茲肅者／兹肃者
* 謹肅／谨肃
* 魯肅指囷／鲁肃指囷
* 齊肅／齐肃

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 粛 |
| Kyūjitai | 肅 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 粛)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: すく (suku)
* Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)
* Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 肅む)

## Korean
### Hanja

肅 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

肅: Hán Nôm readings: túc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.