# 四德
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sìdé
    (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄉㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sei$^3$ dak$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sìdé
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄉㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìhdé
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$-tê$^2$
*** Yale: sz̀-dé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syhder
*** Palladius: сыдэ (sydɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sei$^3$ dak$^1$
*** Yale: sei dāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sei$^3$ dak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séi$^3$ deg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sei̯³³ tɐk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: sijH tok
Rime :
| Character | 四 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 息利切 | 多則切 |
| Baxter | sijH | tok |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪ$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /si$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɪ$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /si$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /si$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sì | de |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^3$ | dak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.li[j]-s tˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljids tɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 四 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sì | dé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sij$^H$ › | ‹ tok › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.li[j]-s/ | /*tˁək/ |
| English | four | virtue |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 四 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12022 | 17266 |
| Phonetic component | 四 | 直 |
| Rime group | 至 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 四 | 德 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljids/ | /*tɯːɡ/ |

### Noun

四德
* (literary) the "four womanly virtues" (according to traditional Chinese culture, i.e. wifely ethics, wifely speech, wifely manners/appearance, and wifely work)
    From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5th century CE
    Xǔ yīn wèi yuē: “Fù yǒu sìdé, qīng yǒu qí jǐ?” Fù yuē: “Xīnfù suǒfá wéi róng ěr. Rán shì yǒu bǎixíng, jūn yǒu jǐ?” [Pinyin]
    Xu therefore asked her, "There are the Four Virtues demanded on a wife. How many of them do you possess?" "Your new bride is lacking in but the appearance. Yet among the multitude of virtues that a high-born man should emulate, how many have you achieved?" said his wife.
* (literary) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 四 (sì),‎ 德 (dé).
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Bèi shī wúqīn, xìng zāi bùrén, tān ài bùxiáng, nù lín bùyì; sìdé jiē shī, héyǐ shǒu guó? [Pinyin]
    To betray goodwill is the path to one's own betrayal; to revel in others' pain is to violate charity; to be stringy and avaricious is to beckon ill fate; and to provoke a neighbour's anger is to place oneself in the wrong. Having contravened these four ethical principles, with what can one protect one's state?

#### Derived terms

* 三從四德／三从四德 (sāncóngsìdé)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 四 | 德 |

### Noun

四德
* chữ Hán form of tứ đức (“four virtues”).