# manduco
## Catalan
### Verb

manduco
* first-person singular present indicative of manducar

## Italian
### Verb

manduco
* first-person singular present indicative of manducare

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /manˈduː.koː/, [män̪ˈd̪uːkoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /manˈdu.ko/, [män̪ˈd̪uːko]

### Etymology 1

From mandūcus (“glutton”) +‎ -ō (verb-forming suffix), from mandō (“chew, eat, devour”). The noun mandūcus developed the specialized sense "masked figure with champing jaws".

#### Verb

mandūcō (present infinitive mandūcāre, perfect active mandūcāvī, supine mandūcātum); first conjugation
* (Classical Latin, deponent in Old Latin) to chew, gnaw on, masticate
** c. 100 BCE, Afranius, Fratriae (fragment XVII) in Scaenicae Romanorum Poesis Fragmenta (volume II), Otto Ribbeck (editor), Bibliotheca Teubneriana, Leipzig 1852, page 159:
    […] facile mandūcārī quī potest.
       […] whoever can chew on it easily.
** c. 45 BCE, Varro, De lingua Latina 7.95:
    Dictum mandier ā mandendō, unde mandūcārī […]
       Here mandier comes from mandō, whence also comes mandūcārī […]
** 63 CE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 95.27:
    In cēnā fit quod fierī dēbēbat in ventre: expectō iam ut mandūcāta pōnantur.
       What should be done in my stomach is now done on the table: already I expect chewed things to be placed there.
* (Late Latin, colloquial in Classical Latin) to eat
** c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum 2 76.period2:Verba ipsīus ex epistulīs sunt: […] Nē Iūdaeus quidem, mī Tiberī, tam dīligenter sabbatīs ieiunium servat quam ego hodiē servāvī, quī in balineō dēmum post hōram prīmam noctis duās buccās mandūcāvī prius quam unguī inciperem.His [‌Augustus’s] own words from his letters are: […] Not even a Jew, my dear Tiberius, does the Saturday fasting as I did today, now that, at the baths, I finally ate a couple snacks at the first hour of the night, before starting with the cleaning oil.
** c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 56.4:Nam mūtae bēstiae labōriōsissimae bovēs et ovēs: bovēs, quōrum beneficiō pānem mandūcāmus; ovēs, quod lānā illae nōs glōriōsōs faciunt.Oxen and sheep are quiet beasts that work exceedingly well: we eat bread as a benefit from oxen, and sheep make us look glorious with their wool.
** 4th C. CE, Saint Jerome, Vulgate, Mark 14:22:
    Et mandūcantibus illīs, accēpit Iēsūs pānem, et benedīcēns frēgit, et dedit eīs, et ait, “Sūmite; hoc est corpus meum”.And as they were eating, Jesus took some bread, and broke it while blessing it, and gave it to them saying, “Take it; this is my body”.

##### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: mãc, mãcari
** Istro-Romanian: măncå
** Megleno-Romanian: mănǫnc, mǫnc, măncare
** Romanian: mânca
* Italo-Romance:
** Central Italian: magnà
** Corsican: manghjà
** Italian: manducare, manucare, manicare (archaic or literary)
** Neapolitan: magnà
** Sicilian: manciari
* North Italian: (many borrowed from OFr. mangier)
** Gallo-Italic:
*** Emilian: mangiar, manger, magnar, magner
*** Ligurian: mangiâ
*** Lombard: mangiar, maiar, magnar
*** Piedmontese: mangé
*** Romagnol: magner
** Friulian: mangjâ
** Istriot: magnà
** Romansch: mangiar
** Venetian: magnar
* Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: mengiér
** Old French: mangier (see there for further descendants)
* Occitano-Romance
** Gascon: minjar, minhar
** Old Occitan: menjar
*** Occitan: manjar
** Catalan: menjar
** Aragonese: minchar
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: mandicare, mandigare
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin:
** *dismandūcō
*** French: démanger
*** Piedmontese: dzmangé
** *exmandūcō
*** Emilian: smangiar
*** Ligurian: smangiâ
*** Lombard: smangiar
*** Piedmontese: smangié
* Borrowings:
** → English: manducate
** → Interlingua: manducar
** → Portuguese: manducar
** → Spanish: manducar

### Etymology 2

mandūcō +‎ -ō (suffix forming agent nouns).

#### Noun

mandūcō m (genitive mandūcōnis); third declension (rare)
* glutton

##### Declension

Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | mandūcō | mandūcōnēs |
| Genitive | mandūcōnis | mandūcōnum |
| Dative | mandūcōnī | mandūcōnibus |
| Accusative | mandūcōnem | mandūcōnēs |
| Ablative | mandūcōne | mandūcōnibus |
| Vocative | mandūcō | mandūcōnēs |

### References

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 680: “se ti pizzica” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mandō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
* “mandūcō” in volume 8, column 273, line 72 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
* Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “manducare”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 384
* prudere in Dizionario dei Dialetti
* prudere in TIG

### Further reading

* “manduco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* manduco in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* manduco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɐ̃ˈdu.ku/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Konkani [script needed] (māṇḍūk), from Sanskrit मण्डूक (maṇḍūka).

#### Noun

manduco m (plural manducos)
* (India, Macau) a species of edible freshwater frog

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Kabuverdianu manduku.

#### Noun

manduco m (plural manducos)
* (Africa, especially Cape Verde) club (heavy stick used as a weapon)
    Synonyms: cajado, cacete, porrete

## Spanish
### Verb

manduco
* first-person singular present indicative of manducar