# phenduka
## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-phenduka$^?$
* (transitive and intransitive) to turn, to turn around
* (transitive and intransitive) to turn in circles, to spin, to revolve
* (transitive and intransitive) to change, to alter

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuphenduka |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuphenduka | ukungaphenduki |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | phenduka | -phenduke |
| Plural | phendukani | -phendukeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaphenduka, ngiphenduka | engiphendukayo, engiphenduka | ngiphenduka | angiphenduki | engingaphenduki | ngingaphenduki |
| 2nd singular | uyaphenduka, uphenduka | ophendukayo, ophenduka | uphenduka | awuphenduki | ongaphenduki | ungaphenduki |
| 1st plural | siyaphenduka, siphenduka | esiphendukayo, esiphenduka | siphenduka | asiphenduki | esingaphenduki | singaphenduki |
| 2nd plural | niyaphenduka, niphenduka | eniphendukayo, eniphenduka | niphenduka | aniphenduki | eningaphenduki | ningaphenduki |
| Class 1 | uyaphenduka, uphenduka | ophendukayo, ophenduka | ephenduka | akaphenduki | ongaphenduki | engaphenduki |
| Class 2 | bayaphenduka, baphenduka | abaphendukayo, abaphenduka | bephenduka | abaphenduki | abangaphenduki | bengaphenduki |
| Class 3 | uyaphenduka, uphenduka | ophendukayo, ophenduka | uphenduka | awuphenduki | ongaphenduki | ungaphenduki |
| Class 4 | iyaphenduka, iphenduka | ephendukayo, ephenduka | iphenduka | ayiphenduki | engaphenduki | ingaphenduki |
| Class 5 | liyaphenduka, liphenduka | eliphendukayo, eliphenduka | liphenduka | aliphenduki | elingaphenduki | lingaphenduki |
| Class 6 | ayaphenduka, aphenduka | aphendukayo, aphenduka | ephenduka | awaphenduki | angaphenduki | engaphenduki |
| Class 7 | siyaphenduka, siphenduka | esiphendukayo, esiphenduka | siphenduka | asiphenduki | esingaphenduki | singaphenduki |
| Class 8 | ziyaphenduka, ziphenduka | eziphendukayo, eziphenduka | ziphenduka | aziphenduki | ezingaphenduki | zingaphenduki |
| Class 9 | iyaphenduka, iphenduka | ephendukayo, ephenduka | iphenduka | ayiphenduki | engaphenduki | ingaphenduki |
| Class 10 | ziyaphenduka, ziphenduka | eziphendukayo, eziphenduka | ziphenduka | aziphenduki | ezingaphenduki | zingaphenduki |
| Class 11 | luyaphenduka, luphenduka | oluphendukayo, oluphenduka | luphenduka | aluphenduki | olungaphenduki | lungaphenduki |
| Class 14 | buyaphenduka, buphenduka | obuphendukayo, obuphenduka | buphenduka | abuphenduki | obungaphenduki | bungaphenduki |
| Class 15 | kuyaphenduka, kuphenduka | okuphendukayo, okuphenduka | kuphenduka | akuphenduki | okungaphenduki | kungaphenduki |
| Class 17 | kuyaphenduka, kuphenduka | okuphendukayo, okuphenduka | kuphenduka | akuphenduki | okungaphenduki | kungaphenduki |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiphendukile, ngiphendukē | engiphendukile, engiphendukē | ngiphendukile, ngiphendukē | angiphendukanga | engingaphendukanga | ngingaphendukanga |
| 2nd singular | uphendukile, uphendukē | ophendukile, ophendukē | uphendukile, uphendukē | awuphendukanga | ongaphendukanga | ungaphendukanga |
| 1st plural | siphendukile, siphendukē | esiphendukile, esiphendukē | siphendukile, siphendukē | asiphendukanga | esingaphendukanga | singaphendukanga |
| 2nd plural | niphendukile, niphendukē | eniphendukile, eniphendukē | niphendukile, niphendukē | aniphendukanga | eningaphendukanga | ningaphendukanga |
| Class 1 | uphendukile, uphendukē | ophendukile, ophendukē | ephendukile, ephendukē | akaphendukanga | ongaphendukanga | engaphendukanga |
| Class 2 | baphendukile, baphendukē | abaphendukile, abaphendukē | bephendukile, bephendukē | abaphendukanga | abangaphendukanga | bengaphendukanga |
| Class 3 | uphendukile, uphendukē | ophendukile, ophendukē | uphendukile, uphendukē | awuphendukanga | ongaphendukanga | ungaphendukanga |
| Class 4 | iphendukile, iphendukē | ephendukile, ephendukē | iphendukile, iphendukē | ayiphendukanga | engaphendukanga | ingaphendukanga |
| Class 5 | liphendukile, liphendukē | eliphendukile, eliphendukē | liphendukile, liphendukē | aliphendukanga | elingaphendukanga | lingaphendukanga |
| Class 6 | aphendukile, aphendukē | aphendukile, aphendukē | ephendukile, ephendukē | awaphendukanga | angaphendukanga | engaphendukanga |
| Class 7 | siphendukile, siphendukē | esiphendukile, esiphendukē | siphendukile, siphendukē | asiphendukanga | esingaphendukanga | singaphendukanga |
| Class 8 | ziphendukile, ziphendukē | eziphendukile, eziphendukē | ziphendukile, ziphendukē | aziphendukanga | ezingaphendukanga | zingaphendukanga |
| Class 9 | iphendukile, iphendukē | ephendukile, ephendukē | iphendukile, iphendukē | ayiphendukanga | engaphendukanga | ingaphendukanga |
| Class 10 | ziphendukile, ziphendukē | eziphendukile, eziphendukē | ziphendukile, ziphendukē | aziphendukanga | ezingaphendukanga | zingaphendukanga |
| Class 11 | luphendukile, luphendukē | oluphendukile, oluphendukē | luphendukile, luphendukē | aluphendukanga | olungaphendukanga | lungaphendukanga |
| Class 14 | buphendukile, buphendukē | obuphendukile, obuphendukē | buphendukile, buphendukē | abuphendukanga | obungaphendukanga | bungaphendukanga |
| Class 15 | kuphendukile, kuphendukē | okuphendukile, okuphendukē | kuphendukile, kuphendukē | akuphendukanga | okungaphendukanga | kungaphendukanga |
| Class 17 | kuphendukile, kuphendukē | okuphendukile, okuphendukē | kuphendukile, kuphendukē | akuphendukanga | okungaphendukanga | kungaphendukanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāphenduka | engāphenduka | ngāphenduka | angiphendukanga | engingaphendukanga | ngingaphendukanga |
| 2nd singular | wāphenduka | owāphenduka | wāphenduka | awuphendukanga | ongaphendukanga | ungaphendukanga |
| 1st plural | sāphenduka | esāphenduka | sāphenduka | asiphendukanga | esingaphendukanga | singaphendukanga |
| 2nd plural | nāphenduka | enāphenduka | nāphenduka | aniphendukanga | eningaphendukanga | ningaphendukanga |
| Class 1 | wāphenduka | owāphenduka | āphenduka | akaphendukanga | ongaphendukanga | engaphendukanga |
| Class 2 | bāphenduka | abāphenduka | bāphenduka | abaphendukanga | abangaphendukanga | bengaphendukanga |
| Class 3 | wāphenduka | owāphenduka | wāphenduka | awuphendukanga | ongaphendukanga | ungaphendukanga |
| Class 4 | yāphenduka | eyāphenduka | yāphenduka | ayiphendukanga | engaphendukanga | ingaphendukanga |
| Class 5 | lāphenduka | elāphenduka | lāphenduka | aliphendukanga | elingaphendukanga | lingaphendukanga |
| Class 6 | āphenduka | āphenduka | āphenduka | awaphendukanga | angaphendukanga | engaphendukanga |
| Class 7 | sāphenduka | esāphenduka | sāphenduka | asiphendukanga | esingaphendukanga | singaphendukanga |
| Class 8 | zāphenduka | ezāphenduka | zāphenduka | aziphendukanga | ezingaphendukanga | zingaphendukanga |
| Class 9 | yāphenduka | eyāphenduka | yāphenduka | ayiphendukanga | engaphendukanga | ingaphendukanga |
| Class 10 | zāphenduka | ezāphenduka | zāphenduka | aziphendukanga | ezingaphendukanga | zingaphendukanga |
| Class 11 | lwāphenduka | olwāphenduka | lwāphenduka | aluphendukanga | olungaphendukanga | lungaphendukanga |
| Class 14 | bāphenduka | obāphenduka | bāphenduka | abuphendukanga | obungaphendukanga | bungaphendukanga |
| Class 15 | kwāphenduka | okwāphenduka | kwāphenduka | akuphendukanga | okungaphendukanga | kungaphendukanga |
| Class 17 | kwāphenduka | okwāphenduka | kwāphenduka | akuphendukanga | okungaphendukanga | kungaphendukanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaphenduka | — | ngingaphenduka | ngingephenduke | — | ngingephenduke |
| 2nd singular | ungaphenduka | — | ungaphenduka | ungephenduke | — | ungephenduke |
| 1st plural | singaphenduka | — | singaphenduka | singephenduke | — | singephenduke |
| 2nd plural | ningaphenduka | — | ningaphenduka | ningephenduke | — | ningephenduke |
| Class 1 | angaphenduka | — | engaphenduka | angephenduke | — | engephenduke |
| Class 2 | bangaphenduka | — | bengaphenduka | bangephenduke | — | bengephenduke |
| Class 3 | ungaphenduka | — | ungaphenduka | ungephenduke | — | ungephenduke |
| Class 4 | ingaphenduka | — | ingaphenduka | ingephenduke | — | ingephenduke |
| Class 5 | lingaphenduka | — | lingaphenduka | lingephenduke | — | lingephenduke |
| Class 6 | angaphenduka | — | engaphenduka | angephenduke | — | engephenduke |
| Class 7 | singaphenduka | — | singaphenduka | singephenduke | — | singephenduke |
| Class 8 | zingaphenduka | — | zingaphenduka | zingephenduke | — | zingephenduke |
| Class 9 | ingaphenduka | — | ingaphenduka | ingephenduke | — | ingephenduke |
| Class 10 | zingaphenduka | — | zingaphenduka | zingephenduke | — | zingephenduke |
| Class 11 | lungaphenduka | — | lungaphenduka | lungephenduke | — | lungephenduke |
| Class 14 | bungaphenduka | — | bungaphenduka | bungephenduke | — | bungephenduke |
| Class 15 | kungaphenduka | — | kungaphenduka | kungephenduke | — | kungephenduke |
| Class 17 | kungaphenduka | — | kungaphenduka | kungephenduke | — | kungephenduke |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizophenduka | engizophenduka | ngizophenduka | angizuphenduka | engingezuphenduka | ngingezuphenduka |
| 2nd singular | uzophenduka | ozophenduka | uzophenduka | awuzuphenduka | ongezuphenduka | ungezuphenduka |
| 1st plural | sizophenduka | esizophenduka | sizophenduka | asizuphenduka | esingezuphenduka | singezuphenduka |
| 2nd plural | nizophenduka | enizophenduka | nizophenduka | anizuphenduka | eningezuphenduka | ningezuphenduka |
| Class 1 | uzophenduka | ozophenduka | ezophenduka | akazuphenduka | ongezuphenduka | engezuphenduka |
| Class 2 | bazophenduka | abazophenduka | bezophenduka | abazuphenduka | abangezuphenduka | bengezuphenduka |
| Class 3 | uzophenduka | ozophenduka | uzophenduka | awuzuphenduka | ongezuphenduka | ungezuphenduka |
| Class 4 | izophenduka | ezophenduka | izophenduka | ayizuphenduka | engezuphenduka | ingezuphenduka |
| Class 5 | lizophenduka | elizophenduka | lizophenduka | alizuphenduka | elingezuphenduka | lingezuphenduka |
| Class 6 | azophenduka | azophenduka | ezophenduka | awazuphenduka | angezuphenduka | engezuphenduka |
| Class 7 | sizophenduka | esizophenduka | sizophenduka | asizuphenduka | esingezuphenduka | singezuphenduka |
| Class 8 | zizophenduka | ezizophenduka | zizophenduka | azizuphenduka | ezingezuphenduka | zingezuphenduka |
| Class 9 | izophenduka | ezophenduka | izophenduka | ayizuphenduka | engezuphenduka | ingezuphenduka |
| Class 10 | zizophenduka | ezizophenduka | zizophenduka | azizuphenduka | ezingezuphenduka | zingezuphenduka |
| Class 11 | luzophenduka | oluzophenduka | luzophenduka | aluzuphenduka | olungezuphenduka | lungezuphenduka |
| Class 14 | buzophenduka | obuzophenduka | buzophenduka | abuzuphenduka | obungezuphenduka | bungezuphenduka |
| Class 15 | kuzophenduka | okuzophenduka | kuzophenduka | akuzuphenduka | okungezuphenduka | kungezuphenduka |
| Class 17 | kuzophenduka | okuzophenduka | kuzophenduka | akuzuphenduka | okungezuphenduka | kungezuphenduka |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyophenduka | engiyophenduka | ngiyophenduka | angiyuphenduka | engingeyuphenduka | ngingeyuphenduka |
| 2nd singular | uyophenduka | oyophenduka | uyophenduka | awuyuphenduka | ongeyuphenduka | ungeyuphenduka |
| 1st plural | siyophenduka | esiyophenduka | siyophenduka | asiyuphenduka | esingeyuphenduka | singeyuphenduka |
| 2nd plural | niyophenduka | eniyophenduka | niyophenduka | aniyuphenduka | eningeyuphenduka | ningeyuphenduka |
| Class 1 | uyophenduka | oyophenduka | eyophenduka | akayuphenduka | ongeyuphenduka | engeyuphenduka |
| Class 2 | bayophenduka | abayophenduka | beyophenduka | abayuphenduka | abangeyuphenduka | bengeyuphenduka |
| Class 3 | uyophenduka | oyophenduka | uyophenduka | awuyuphenduka | ongeyuphenduka | ungeyuphenduka |
| Class 4 | iyophenduka | eyophenduka | iyophenduka | ayiyuphenduka | engeyuphenduka | ingeyuphenduka |
| Class 5 | liyophenduka | eliyophenduka | liyophenduka | aliyuphenduka | elingeyuphenduka | lingeyuphenduka |
| Class 6 | ayophenduka | ayophenduka | eyophenduka | awayuphenduka | angeyuphenduka | engeyuphenduka |
| Class 7 | siyophenduka | esiyophenduka | siyophenduka | asiyuphenduka | esingeyuphenduka | singeyuphenduka |
| Class 8 | ziyophenduka | eziyophenduka | ziyophenduka | aziyuphenduka | ezingeyuphenduka | zingeyuphenduka |
| Class 9 | iyophenduka | eyophenduka | iyophenduka | ayiyuphenduka | engeyuphenduka | ingeyuphenduka |
| Class 10 | ziyophenduka | eziyophenduka | ziyophenduka | aziyuphenduka | ezingeyuphenduka | zingeyuphenduka |
| Class 11 | luyophenduka | oluyophenduka | luyophenduka | aluyuphenduka | olungeyuphenduka | lungeyuphenduka |
| Class 14 | buyophenduka | obuyophenduka | buyophenduka | abuyuphenduka | obungeyuphenduka | bungeyuphenduka |
| Class 15 | kuyophenduka | okuyophenduka | kuyophenduka | akuyuphenduka | okungeyuphenduka | kungeyuphenduka |
| Class 17 | kuyophenduka | okuyophenduka | kuyophenduka | akuyuphenduka | okungeyuphenduka | kungeyuphenduka |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiphenduke | ngingaphenduki |
| 2nd singular | uphenduke | ungaphenduki |
| 1st plural | siphenduke | singaphenduki |
| 2nd plural | niphenduke | ningaphenduki |
| Class 1 | aphenduke | angaphenduki |
| Class 2 | baphenduke | bangaphenduki |
| Class 3 | uphenduke | ungaphenduki |
| Class 4 | iphenduke | ingaphenduki |
| Class 5 | liphenduke | lingaphenduki |
| Class 6 | aphenduke | angaphenduki |
| Class 7 | siphenduke | singaphenduki |
| Class 8 | ziphenduke | zingaphenduki |
| Class 9 | iphenduke | ingaphenduki |
| Class 10 | ziphenduke | zingaphenduki |
| Class 11 | luphenduke | lungaphenduki |
| Class 14 | buphenduke | bungaphenduki |
| Class 15 | kuphenduke | kungaphenduki |
| Class 17 | kuphenduke | kungaphenduki |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaphenduka | ngangaphenduka, angaphenduka, angangaphenduka |
| 2nd singular | waphenduka | wangaphenduka, awaphenduka, awangaphenduka |
| 1st plural | saphenduka | sangaphenduka, asaphenduka, asangaphenduka |
| 2nd plural | naphenduka | nangaphenduka, anaphenduka, anangaphenduka |
| Class 1 | waphenduka | wangaphenduka, akaphenduka, akangaphenduka |
| Class 2 | baphenduka | bangaphenduka, abaphenduka, abangaphenduka |
| Class 3 | waphenduka | wangaphenduka, awaphenduka, awangaphenduka |
| Class 4 | yaphenduka | yangaphenduka, ayaphenduka, ayangaphenduka |
| Class 5 | laphenduka | langaphenduka, alaphenduka, alangaphenduka |
| Class 6 | aphenduka | angaphenduka, awaphenduka, awangaphenduka |
| Class 7 | saphenduka | sangaphenduka, asaphenduka, asangaphenduka |
| Class 8 | zaphenduka | zangaphenduka, azaphenduka, azangaphenduka |
| Class 9 | yaphenduka | yangaphenduka, ayaphenduka, ayangaphenduka |
| Class 10 | zaphenduka | zangaphenduka, azaphenduka, azangaphenduka |
| Class 11 | lwaphenduka | lwangaphenduka, alwaphenduka, alwangaphenduka |
| Class 14 | baphenduka | bangaphenduka, abaphenduka, abangaphenduka |
| Class 15 | kwaphenduka | kwangaphenduka, akwaphenduka, akwangaphenduka |
| Class 17 | kwaphenduka | kwangaphenduka, akwaphenduka, akwangaphenduka |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phenduka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phenduka (3.2.9)”