# ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ (xōteb) — Bohairic
* ϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ (hōteb) — Fayyumic, Sahidic
* ϩⲟⲧⲉⲃ (hoteb) — Fayyumic
* ϩⲱⲧⲃ (hōtb) — Sahidic
* ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ (xōtbe) — Akhmimic

### Etymology

Inherited from Demotic ẖtb (“to kill”), from Egyptian ẖdb (“to kill”).

### Verb

ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ • (hōtbe) (nominal state ϩⲁⲧⲃ-, pronominal state ϩⲁⲧⲃ⸗, stative ϩⲁⲧⲃⲉ+, conjunct participle ϩⲁⲧⲃⲉ-)
* (Lycopolitan, transitive, intransitive) to kill

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ hōtbe | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ hōtbe |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tm̄hōtbe | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄nhōtbe, m̄pr̄hōtbe |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tihōtbe | ⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ khōtbe | ⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tehōtbe | ϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ fhōtbe | ⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ shōtbe | ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tn̄hōtbe | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tetn̄hōtbe | ⲥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ sehōtbe | ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ hōtbe |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eïhōtbe | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ekhōtbe | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ erehōtbe | ⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ efhōtbe | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eshōtbe | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ enhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ euhōtbe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ere- hōtbe |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etihōtbe | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etk̄hōtbe, etekhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etehōtbe, eterehōtbe | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etf̄hōtbe, etefhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ets̄hōtbe, eteshōtbe | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etn̄hōtbe, etenhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etouhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etere- hōtbe, ete- hōtbe |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neïhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nekhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nerehōtbe | ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nefhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neshōtbe | ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nenhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ netetn̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neuhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nere- hōtbe |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tinahōtbe | ⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ knahōtbe | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tenahōtbe | ϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ fnahōtbe | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ snahōtbe | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tn̄nahōtbe | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tetnahōtbe | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ senahōtbe | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nahōtbe |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eïnahōtbe | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eknahōtbe | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ erenahōtbe | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ efnahōtbe | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ esnahōtbe | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ennahōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etetnahōtbe | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eunahōtbe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ere- nahōtbe |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etinahōtbe | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etk̄nahōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etenahōtbe, eterenahōtbe | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etf̄nahōtbe | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ets̄nahōtbe | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etn̄nahōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etetnahōtbe | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etounahōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etere- nahōtbe |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neïnahōtbe | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neknahōtbe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nerenahōtbe | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nefnahōtbe | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nesnahōtbe | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nennahōtbe | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ netetnahōtbe | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neunahōtbe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nere- nahōtbe |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en | ⲛ̄- … ⲉⲛ n̄- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ aïhōtbe | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ akhōtbe | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ arehōtbe | ⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ afhōtbe | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ashōtbe | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ anhōtbe | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ atetn̄hōtbe | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ auhōtbe | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ a- hōtbe |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pihōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pk̄hōtbe, m̄pekhōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pehōtbe, m̄pr̄hōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pf̄hōtbe, m̄pefhōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄ps̄hōtbe, m̄peshōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pn̄hōtbe, m̄penhōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄petn̄hōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pouhōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pe- hōtbe |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eaïhōtbe | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eakhōtbe | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ earehōtbe | ⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eafhōtbe | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eashōtbe | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eanhōtbe | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eatetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eauhōtbe | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ea- hōtbe |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ empihōtbe | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ empk̄hōtbe, empekhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ empehōtbe, empr̄hōtbe | ⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ empk̄hōtbe, empekhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emps̄hōtbe, empeshōtbe | ⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ empn̄hōtbe, empenhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ empetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ empouhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ empe- hōtbe |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etaïhōtbe, n̄taïhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etakhōtbe, n̄takhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etarehōtbe, n̄tahōtbehōtbe | ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etafhōtbe, n̄tafhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etashōtbe, n̄tashōtbe | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etanhōtbe, n̄tanhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etatetn̄hōtbe, n̄tatetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etauhōtbe, n̄tauhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eta- hōtbe, n̄ta- hōtbe |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etempihōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etempk̄hōtbe, etempekhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etempehōtbe, etempr̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etempk̄hōtbe, etempekhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemps̄hōtbe, etempeshōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etempn̄hōtbe, etempenhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etempetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etempouhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etempe- hōtbe |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neaïhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neakhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nearehōtbe | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neafhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neashōtbe | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neanhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neatetn̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neauhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nea- hōtbe |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nempihōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nempk̄hōtbe, nempekhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nempehōtbe, nempr̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nempk̄hōtbe, nempekhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemps̄hōtbe, nempeshōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nempn̄hōtbe, nempenhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nempetn̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nempouhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nempe- hōtbe |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄taïhōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄takhōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarehōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tafhōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tashōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tanhōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tatetn̄hōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tauhōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄ta- hōtbe |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patihōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patk̄hōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patehōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patf̄hōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pats̄hōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patn̄hōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patetn̄hōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄patouhōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pate- hōtbe |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patihōtbe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patk̄hōtbe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patehōtbe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patf̄hōtbe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pats̄hōtbe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄patouhōtbe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ em̄pate- hōtbe |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patihōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patk̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patehōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patf̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pats̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄patouhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etem̄pate- hōtbe |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patihōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patk̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patehōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patf̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pats̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patn̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patetn̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄patouhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nem̄pate- hōtbe |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šaïhōtbe | ϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šakhōtbe | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šarehōtbe | ϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šafhōtbe | ϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šashōtbe | ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šanhōtbe | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šatetn̄hōtbe | ϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šauhōtbe | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šare- hōtbe |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ maïhōtbe | ⲙⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ makhōtbe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ marehōtbe | ⲙⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ mafhōtbe | ⲙⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ mashōtbe | ⲙⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ manhōtbe | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ matetn̄hōtbe | ⲙⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ mauhōtbe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ mare- hōtbe |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešaïhōtbe | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešakhōtbe | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešarehōtbe | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešafhōtbe | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešashōtbe | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešanhōtbe | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešatetn̄hōtbe | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešauhōtbe | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešare- hōtbe |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emaïhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emakhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emarehōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emafhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emashōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emanhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ematetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emauhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emare- hōtbe |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etešaïhōtbe, ešaïhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etešakhōtbe, ešakhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etešarehōtbe, ešarehōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etešafhōtbe, ešafhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etešashōtbe, ešashōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etešanhōtbe, ešanhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etešatetn̄hōtbe, ešatetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etešauhōtbe, ešauhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etešare- hōtbe, ešare- hōtbe |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemaïhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemakhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemarehōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemafhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemashōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemanhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etematetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemauhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etemare- hōtbe |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nešaïhōtbe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nešakhōtbe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nešarehōtbe | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nešafhōtbe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nešashōtbe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nešanhōtbe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nešatetn̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nešauhōtbe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nešare- hōtbe |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemaïhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemakhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemarehōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemafhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemashōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemanhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nematetn̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemauhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nemare- hōtbe |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emaïhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emakhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emarehōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emafhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emashōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emanhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ematetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emauhōtbe | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ emare- hōtbe |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eïahōtbe | ⲉⲕⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ekahōtbe | ⲉⲣⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ erahōtbe | ⲉϥⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ efahōtbe | ⲉⲥⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ esahōtbe | ⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ enahōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etetnahōtbe | ⲉⲩⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ euahōtbe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ere- hōtbe |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nahōtbe | ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nekhōtbe | ⲛⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nehōtbe | ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nefhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neshōtbe | ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ nenhōtbe | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ netn̄hōtbe | ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ neuhōtbe | ⲛⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ne- hōtbe |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ marihōtbe | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ marefhōtbe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ mareshōtbe | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ marn̄hōtbe | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ marouhōtbe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ mare- hōtbe |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄prtrahōtbe | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄prtrefhōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄prtreshōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄prtrenhōtbe | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄prtreuhōtbe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲱⲣⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ m̄pōrte- hōtbe |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tahōtbe, tahōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲅϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄ghōtbe, n̄khōtbe, khōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tehōtbe, tehōtbe | ⲛ̄ϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄fhōtbe, fhōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄shōtbe, shōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tn̄hōtbe, tn̄hōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tetn̄hōtbe, tetn̄hōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄sehōtbe, sehōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄te- hōtbe |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarihōtbe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarekhōtbe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarehōtbe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarefhōtbe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tareshōtbe | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarn̄hōtbe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ taretn̄hōtbe | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tarouhōtbe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ tare- hōtbe |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarihōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarekhōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarehōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarefhōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tareshōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarn̄hōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄taretn̄hōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tarouhōtbe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ n̄tare- hōtbe |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šantihōtbe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šantk̄hōtbe, šantekhōtbe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šantehōtbe | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šantf̄hōtbe, šantefhōtbe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šants̄hōtbe, šanteshōtbe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šantn̄hōtbe, šantenhōtbe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šantetn̄hōtbe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šantouhōtbe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ šante- hōtbe |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eïšanhōtbe | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ekšanhōtbe | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eršanhōtbe, erešanhōtbe | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ efšanhōtbe | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ esšanhōtbe | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ enšanhōtbe | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešantetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eušanhōtbe | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ, ⲉⲣϣⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ešante- hōtbe, erša- hōtbe |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eïhōtbe | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ekhōtbe | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ erehōtbe | ⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ efhōtbe | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ eshōtbe | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ enhōtbe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ etetn̄hōtbe | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ euhōtbe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ ere- hōtbe |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |