# ncama
## Phuthi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-ncama
* to become disappointed

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Southern Ndebele
### Verb

-ncama$^?$
* to be determined

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Swazi
### Relative

-ncama
* narrow, thin

#### Inflection

Relative concord :
| | Modifier | Copulative |
| 1st singular | lengincama | ngincama |
| 2nd singular | loncama | uncama |
| 1st plural | lesincama | sincama |
| 2nd plural | lenincama | nincama |
| Class 1 | loncama | uncama |
| Class 2 | labancama | bancama |
| Class 3 | loncama | uncama |
| Class 4 | lencama | incama |
| Class 5 | lelincama | lincama |
| Class 6 | lancama | ancama |
| Class 7 | lesincama | sincama |
| Class 8 | letincama | tincama |
| Class 9 | lencama | incama |
| Class 10 | letincama | tincama |
| Class 11 | loluncama | luncama |
| Class 14 | lobuncama | buncama |
| Class 15 | lokuncama | kuncama |
| Class 17 | lokuncama | kuncama |

## Xhosa
### Verb

-ncama
* (intransitive) to be in despair

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Verb

-ncama
* (transitive) to prefer
* (transitive) to satisfy

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuncama |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuncama | ukungancami |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | ncama | -ncame |
| Plural | ncamani | -ncameni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyancama, ngincama | engincamayo, engincama | ngincama | angincami | engingancami | ngingancami |
| 2nd singular | uyancama, uncama | oncamayo, oncama | uncama | awuncami | ongancami | ungancami |
| 1st plural | siyancama, sincama | esincamayo, esincama | sincama | asincami | esingancami | singancami |
| 2nd plural | niyancama, nincama | enincamayo, enincama | nincama | anincami | eningancami | ningancami |
| Class 1 | uyancama, uncama | oncamayo, oncama | encama | akancami | ongancami | engancami |
| Class 2 | bayancama, bancama | abancamayo, abancama | bencama | abancami | abangancami | bengancami |
| Class 3 | uyancama, uncama | oncamayo, oncama | uncama | awuncami | ongancami | ungancami |
| Class 4 | iyancama, incama | encamayo, encama | incama | ayincami | engancami | ingancami |
| Class 5 | liyancama, lincama | elincamayo, elincama | lincama | alincami | elingancami | lingancami |
| Class 6 | ayancama, ancama | ancamayo, ancama | encama | awancami | angancami | engancami |
| Class 7 | siyancama, sincama | esincamayo, esincama | sincama | asincami | esingancami | singancami |
| Class 8 | ziyancama, zincama | ezincamayo, ezincama | zincama | azincami | ezingancami | zingancami |
| Class 9 | iyancama, incama | encamayo, encama | incama | ayincami | engancami | ingancami |
| Class 10 | ziyancama, zincama | ezincamayo, ezincama | zincama | azincami | ezingancami | zingancami |
| Class 11 | luyancama, luncama | oluncamayo, oluncama | luncama | aluncami | olungancami | lungancami |
| Class 14 | buyancama, buncama | obuncamayo, obuncama | buncama | abuncami | obungancami | bungancami |
| Class 15 | kuyancama, kuncama | okuncamayo, okuncama | kuncama | akuncami | okungancami | kungancami |
| Class 17 | kuyancama, kuncama | okuncamayo, okuncama | kuncama | akuncami | okungancami | kungancami |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngincamile, ngincamē | engincamile, engincamē | ngincamile, ngincamē | angincamanga | engingancamanga | ngingancamanga |
| 2nd singular | uncamile, uncamē | oncamile, oncamē | uncamile, uncamē | awuncamanga | ongancamanga | ungancamanga |
| 1st plural | sincamile, sincamē | esincamile, esincamē | sincamile, sincamē | asincamanga | esingancamanga | singancamanga |
| 2nd plural | nincamile, nincamē | enincamile, enincamē | nincamile, nincamē | anincamanga | eningancamanga | ningancamanga |
| Class 1 | uncamile, uncamē | oncamile, oncamē | encamile, encamē | akancamanga | ongancamanga | engancamanga |
| Class 2 | bancamile, bancamē | abancamile, abancamē | bencamile, bencamē | abancamanga | abangancamanga | bengancamanga |
| Class 3 | uncamile, uncamē | oncamile, oncamē | uncamile, uncamē | awuncamanga | ongancamanga | ungancamanga |
| Class 4 | incamile, incamē | encamile, encamē | incamile, incamē | ayincamanga | engancamanga | ingancamanga |
| Class 5 | lincamile, lincamē | elincamile, elincamē | lincamile, lincamē | alincamanga | elingancamanga | lingancamanga |
| Class 6 | ancamile, ancamē | ancamile, ancamē | encamile, encamē | awancamanga | angancamanga | engancamanga |
| Class 7 | sincamile, sincamē | esincamile, esincamē | sincamile, sincamē | asincamanga | esingancamanga | singancamanga |
| Class 8 | zincamile, zincamē | ezincamile, ezincamē | zincamile, zincamē | azincamanga | ezingancamanga | zingancamanga |
| Class 9 | incamile, incamē | encamile, encamē | incamile, incamē | ayincamanga | engancamanga | ingancamanga |
| Class 10 | zincamile, zincamē | ezincamile, ezincamē | zincamile, zincamē | azincamanga | ezingancamanga | zingancamanga |
| Class 11 | luncamile, luncamē | oluncamile, oluncamē | luncamile, luncamē | aluncamanga | olungancamanga | lungancamanga |
| Class 14 | buncamile, buncamē | obuncamile, obuncamē | buncamile, buncamē | abuncamanga | obungancamanga | bungancamanga |
| Class 15 | kuncamile, kuncamē | okuncamile, okuncamē | kuncamile, kuncamē | akuncamanga | okungancamanga | kungancamanga |
| Class 17 | kuncamile, kuncamē | okuncamile, okuncamē | kuncamile, kuncamē | akuncamanga | okungancamanga | kungancamanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāncama | engāncama | ngāncama | angincamanga | engingancamanga | ngingancamanga |
| 2nd singular | wāncama | owāncama | wāncama | awuncamanga | ongancamanga | ungancamanga |
| 1st plural | sāncama | esāncama | sāncama | asincamanga | esingancamanga | singancamanga |
| 2nd plural | nāncama | enāncama | nāncama | anincamanga | eningancamanga | ningancamanga |
| Class 1 | wāncama | owāncama | āncama | akancamanga | ongancamanga | engancamanga |
| Class 2 | bāncama | abāncama | bāncama | abancamanga | abangancamanga | bengancamanga |
| Class 3 | wāncama | owāncama | wāncama | awuncamanga | ongancamanga | ungancamanga |
| Class 4 | yāncama | eyāncama | yāncama | ayincamanga | engancamanga | ingancamanga |
| Class 5 | lāncama | elāncama | lāncama | alincamanga | elingancamanga | lingancamanga |
| Class 6 | āncama | āncama | āncama | awancamanga | angancamanga | engancamanga |
| Class 7 | sāncama | esāncama | sāncama | asincamanga | esingancamanga | singancamanga |
| Class 8 | zāncama | ezāncama | zāncama | azincamanga | ezingancamanga | zingancamanga |
| Class 9 | yāncama | eyāncama | yāncama | ayincamanga | engancamanga | ingancamanga |
| Class 10 | zāncama | ezāncama | zāncama | azincamanga | ezingancamanga | zingancamanga |
| Class 11 | lwāncama | olwāncama | lwāncama | aluncamanga | olungancamanga | lungancamanga |
| Class 14 | bāncama | obāncama | bāncama | abuncamanga | obungancamanga | bungancamanga |
| Class 15 | kwāncama | okwāncama | kwāncama | akuncamanga | okungancamanga | kungancamanga |
| Class 17 | kwāncama | okwāncama | kwāncama | akuncamanga | okungancamanga | kungancamanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingancama | — | ngingancama | ngingencame | — | ngingencame |
| 2nd singular | ungancama | — | ungancama | ungencame | — | ungencame |
| 1st plural | singancama | — | singancama | singencame | — | singencame |
| 2nd plural | ningancama | — | ningancama | ningencame | — | ningencame |
| Class 1 | angancama | — | engancama | angencame | — | engencame |
| Class 2 | bangancama | — | bengancama | bangencame | — | bengencame |
| Class 3 | ungancama | — | ungancama | ungencame | — | ungencame |
| Class 4 | ingancama | — | ingancama | ingencame | — | ingencame |
| Class 5 | lingancama | — | lingancama | lingencame | — | lingencame |
| Class 6 | angancama | — | engancama | angencame | — | engencame |
| Class 7 | singancama | — | singancama | singencame | — | singencame |
| Class 8 | zingancama | — | zingancama | zingencame | — | zingencame |
| Class 9 | ingancama | — | ingancama | ingencame | — | ingencame |
| Class 10 | zingancama | — | zingancama | zingencame | — | zingencame |
| Class 11 | lungancama | — | lungancama | lungencame | — | lungencame |
| Class 14 | bungancama | — | bungancama | bungencame | — | bungencame |
| Class 15 | kungancama | — | kungancama | kungencame | — | kungencame |
| Class 17 | kungancama | — | kungancama | kungencame | — | kungencame |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoncama | engizoncama | ngizoncama | angizuncama | engingezuncama | ngingezuncama |
| 2nd singular | uzoncama | ozoncama | uzoncama | awuzuncama | ongezuncama | ungezuncama |
| 1st plural | sizoncama | esizoncama | sizoncama | asizuncama | esingezuncama | singezuncama |
| 2nd plural | nizoncama | enizoncama | nizoncama | anizuncama | eningezuncama | ningezuncama |
| Class 1 | uzoncama | ozoncama | ezoncama | akazuncama | ongezuncama | engezuncama |
| Class 2 | bazoncama | abazoncama | bezoncama | abazuncama | abangezuncama | bengezuncama |
| Class 3 | uzoncama | ozoncama | uzoncama | awuzuncama | ongezuncama | ungezuncama |
| Class 4 | izoncama | ezoncama | izoncama | ayizuncama | engezuncama | ingezuncama |
| Class 5 | lizoncama | elizoncama | lizoncama | alizuncama | elingezuncama | lingezuncama |
| Class 6 | azoncama | azoncama | ezoncama | awazuncama | angezuncama | engezuncama |
| Class 7 | sizoncama | esizoncama | sizoncama | asizuncama | esingezuncama | singezuncama |
| Class 8 | zizoncama | ezizoncama | zizoncama | azizuncama | ezingezuncama | zingezuncama |
| Class 9 | izoncama | ezoncama | izoncama | ayizuncama | engezuncama | ingezuncama |
| Class 10 | zizoncama | ezizoncama | zizoncama | azizuncama | ezingezuncama | zingezuncama |
| Class 11 | luzoncama | oluzoncama | luzoncama | aluzuncama | olungezuncama | lungezuncama |
| Class 14 | buzoncama | obuzoncama | buzoncama | abuzuncama | obungezuncama | bungezuncama |
| Class 15 | kuzoncama | okuzoncama | kuzoncama | akuzuncama | okungezuncama | kungezuncama |
| Class 17 | kuzoncama | okuzoncama | kuzoncama | akuzuncama | okungezuncama | kungezuncama |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoncama | engiyoncama | ngiyoncama | angiyuncama | engingeyuncama | ngingeyuncama |
| 2nd singular | uyoncama | oyoncama | uyoncama | awuyuncama | ongeyuncama | ungeyuncama |
| 1st plural | siyoncama | esiyoncama | siyoncama | asiyuncama | esingeyuncama | singeyuncama |
| 2nd plural | niyoncama | eniyoncama | niyoncama | aniyuncama | eningeyuncama | ningeyuncama |
| Class 1 | uyoncama | oyoncama | eyoncama | akayuncama | ongeyuncama | engeyuncama |
| Class 2 | bayoncama | abayoncama | beyoncama | abayuncama | abangeyuncama | bengeyuncama |
| Class 3 | uyoncama | oyoncama | uyoncama | awuyuncama | ongeyuncama | ungeyuncama |
| Class 4 | iyoncama | eyoncama | iyoncama | ayiyuncama | engeyuncama | ingeyuncama |
| Class 5 | liyoncama | eliyoncama | liyoncama | aliyuncama | elingeyuncama | lingeyuncama |
| Class 6 | ayoncama | ayoncama | eyoncama | awayuncama | angeyuncama | engeyuncama |
| Class 7 | siyoncama | esiyoncama | siyoncama | asiyuncama | esingeyuncama | singeyuncama |
| Class 8 | ziyoncama | eziyoncama | ziyoncama | aziyuncama | ezingeyuncama | zingeyuncama |
| Class 9 | iyoncama | eyoncama | iyoncama | ayiyuncama | engeyuncama | ingeyuncama |
| Class 10 | ziyoncama | eziyoncama | ziyoncama | aziyuncama | ezingeyuncama | zingeyuncama |
| Class 11 | luyoncama | oluyoncama | luyoncama | aluyuncama | olungeyuncama | lungeyuncama |
| Class 14 | buyoncama | obuyoncama | buyoncama | abuyuncama | obungeyuncama | bungeyuncama |
| Class 15 | kuyoncama | okuyoncama | kuyoncama | akuyuncama | okungeyuncama | kungeyuncama |
| Class 17 | kuyoncama | okuyoncama | kuyoncama | akuyuncama | okungeyuncama | kungeyuncama |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngincame | ngingancami |
| 2nd singular | uncame | ungancami |
| 1st plural | sincame | singancami |
| 2nd plural | nincame | ningancami |
| Class 1 | ancame | angancami |
| Class 2 | bancame | bangancami |
| Class 3 | uncame | ungancami |
| Class 4 | incame | ingancami |
| Class 5 | lincame | lingancami |
| Class 6 | ancame | angancami |
| Class 7 | sincame | singancami |
| Class 8 | zincame | zingancami |
| Class 9 | incame | ingancami |
| Class 10 | zincame | zingancami |
| Class 11 | luncame | lungancami |
| Class 14 | buncame | bungancami |
| Class 15 | kuncame | kungancami |
| Class 17 | kuncame | kungancami |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngancama | ngangancama, angancama, angangancama |
| 2nd singular | wancama | wangancama, awancama, awangancama |
| 1st plural | sancama | sangancama, asancama, asangancama |
| 2nd plural | nancama | nangancama, anancama, anangancama |
| Class 1 | wancama | wangancama, akancama, akangancama |
| Class 2 | bancama | bangancama, abancama, abangancama |
| Class 3 | wancama | wangancama, awancama, awangancama |
| Class 4 | yancama | yangancama, ayancama, ayangancama |
| Class 5 | lancama | langancama, alancama, alangancama |
| Class 6 | ancama | angancama, awancama, awangancama |
| Class 7 | sancama | sangancama, asancama, asangancama |
| Class 8 | zancama | zangancama, azancama, azangancama |
| Class 9 | yancama | yangancama, ayancama, ayangancama |
| Class 10 | zancama | zangancama, azancama, azangancama |
| Class 11 | lwancama | lwangancama, alwancama, alwangancama |
| Class 14 | bancama | bangancama, abancama, abangancama |
| Class 15 | kwancama | kwangancama, akwancama, akwangancama |
| Class 17 | kwancama | kwangancama, akwancama, akwangancama |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ncama”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ncama (6.3)”