OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# neozoico
## Italian
### Etymology

From neo- +‎ -zoico.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ne.odˈd͡zɔj.ko/, (traditional) /ˌnɛ.odˈd͡zɔj.ko/
* Rhymes: -ɔjko
* Hyphenation: ne‧o‧zòi‧co

### Adjective

neozoico (feminine neozoica, masculine plural neozoici, feminine plural neozoiche)
* (geology, relational) Neozoic

### Noun

neozoico m (uncountable)
* (geology) Neozoic (period)
# militarisâtes
## French
### Verb

militarisâtes
* second-person plural past historic of militariser
# msalaba
## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَلِيب (ṣalīb).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

msalaba (m-mi class, plural misalaba)
* cross (geometrical figure)
* cross (cross-shaped wooden post)
* cross (Christian symbol)

#### Descendants

* → Kikuyu: mũtharaba

### References

* ↑ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180 Nr. 1601
# paratura
## Italian
### Etymology

From parare +‎ -tura.

### Noun

paratura f (plural parature) (uncommon)
* decoration
* hangings

### Further reading

* paratura in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* rapatura

## Latin
### Participle

parātūra
* inflection of parātūrus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Participle

parātūrā
* ablative feminine singular of parātūrus

### References

* “paratura”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* paratura in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* paratura in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# stanitsy
## English
### Noun

stanitsy
* plural of stanitsa

### Anagrams

* Stiastny
# parousian
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek παρουσία (parousía, “presence”).

### Adjective

parousian (comparative more parousian, superlative most parousian)
* (Christianity) Relating to the second coming of Christ.
** 1908, Workman Herbert B, Persecution in the Early Church:We may dismiss at once the extremists of both types: those on the one hand whose laxity of conviction or conduct defended even attendance at the degrading public spectacles … and those who from extreme parousian standpoints made life of any sort practically impossible.

#### Related terms

* parousia
# protonospheres
## English
### Noun

protonospheres
* plural of protonosphere
# raffazzonerebbe
## Italian
### Verb

raffazzonerebbe
* third-person singular conditional of raffazzonare
# neozoological
## English
### Adjective

neozoological (not comparable)
* Relating to neozoology.
# lückenhaftestem
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

lückenhaftestem
* strong dative masculine/neuter singular superlative degree of lückenhaft
# åkermarkernas
## Swedish
### Noun

åkermarkernas
* definite genitive plural of åkermark
# obiecerimus
## Latin
### Verb

obiēcerimus
* first-person plural future perfect active indicative of obiciō

### Verb

obiēcerīmus
* first-person plural perfect active subjunctive of obiciō
# staniu
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian stagno, Latin stannum.

### Noun

staniu n (uncountable)
* tin (element)
    Synonym: (dated) cositor
# parouvelam
## Portuguese
### Verb

parouvelam
* third-person plural present indicative of parouvelar
# silbrigeren
## German
### Adjective

silbrigeren
* inflection of silbrig:
** strong genitive masculine/neuter singular comparative degree
** weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular comparative degree
** strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular comparative degree
** strong dative plural comparative degree
** weak/mixed all-case plural comparative degree
# múscán
## Irish
### Etymology

From múisc (“vomit; nausea, loathing”) +‎ -án.

### Noun

múscán m (genitive singular múscáin, nominative plural múscáin)
* spongy substance, sponge
* oozy substance, ooze
* mold (fungus)
    Synonym: snas

#### Declension

First declension

#### Derived terms

* múscán aráin (“bread mold”)
# promrsiti
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From pro- +‎ mrsiti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /promřːsiti/
* Hyphenation: pro‧mr‧si‧ti

### Verb

promŕsiti pf (Cyrillic spelling промр́сити)
* (transitive) to mutter, mumble

#### Related terms

* promrsívati impf
# pakkokeinot
## Finnish
### Noun

pakkokeinot
* nominative plural of pakkokeino
# pompavamo
## Italian
### Verb

pompavamo
* first-person plural imperfect indicative of pompare
# obfirmo
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* offirmō

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /obˈfir.moː/, [ɔfˈfɪrmoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /obˈfir.mo/, [obˈfirmo]

### Verb

obfirmō (present infinitive obfirmāre, perfect active obfirmāvī, supine obfirmātum); first conjugation
* Alternative form of offirmō
# stanični
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stǎnit͡ʃniː/
* Hyphenation: sta‧ni‧čni

### Adjective

stàničnī (Cyrillic spelling ста̀ничнӣ)
* cellular
* (relational) station

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “stanični” in Hrvatski jezični portal
# избавлял
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɪzbɐˈvlʲaɫ]

### Verb

избавля́л • (izbavljál)
* masculine singular past indicative imperfective of избавля́ть (izbavljátʹ)
# silbrige
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

silbrige
* inflection of silbrig:
** strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
** strong nominative/accusative plural
** weak nominative all-gender singular
** weak accusative feminine/neuter singular
# músete
## Spanish
### Verb

músete
* second-person singular imperative of musirse
# neskūpstīsit
## Latvian
### Verb

neskūpstīsit
* second-person plural future indicative of neskūpstīt
# podchorąży
## Polish
### Etymology

From pod- +‎ chorąży.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɔtxɔˈrɔw̃ʐɘ/, /pɔtxɔˈrɔnʐɘ/
* Rhymes: -ɔw̃ʐɘ, -ɔnʐɘ
* Syllabification: pod‧cho‧rą‧ży

### Noun

podchorąży m pers (abbreviation pchor.)
* (nominalized) ensign, officer cadet (trainee for a commissioned officer position)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* podchorąży in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* podchorąży in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# nong4
## Cantonese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔːŋ˩/

### Romanization

nong$^4$
* Jyutping transcription of 囊

## Mandarin
### Romanization

nong$^4$ (Zhuyin ㄋㄨㄥˋ)
* Alternative spelling of nòng
# obfirmetur
## Latin
### Verb

obfirmētur
* third-person singular present passive subjunctive of obfirmō
# starata
## Italian
### Participle

starata f sg
* feminine singular of starato
# избавляло
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɪzbɐˈvlʲaɫə]

### Verb

избавля́ло • (izbavljálo)
* neuter singular past indicative imperfective of избавля́ть (izbavljátʹ)
# silbrigeres
## German
### Adjective

silbrigeres
* strong/mixed nominative/accusative neuter singular comparative degree of silbrig
# música cebolla
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish música cebolla.

### Noun

música cebolla (uncountable)
* (music) A genre of Chilean music emphasising sentimentality and intimacy.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Literally, “onion music”.

### Noun

música cebolla f (uncountable)
* (music) música cebolla
# neskūpstītais
## Latvian
### Participle

neskūpstītais (indefinite neskūpstīts)
* definite past passive participle of neskūpstīt
# macilentas
## Latin
### Adjective

macilentās
* accusative feminine plural of macilentus

## Portuguese
### Adjective

macilentas
* feminine plural of macilento

## Spanish
### Adjective

macilentas f pl
* feminine plural of macilento
# nonfuzzy
## English
### Etymology

From non- +‎ fuzzy.

### Adjective

nonfuzzy (not comparable)
* (mathematics) Not fuzzy.
    a nonfuzzy subset
# obfirmor
## Latin
### Verb

obfirmor
* first-person singular present passive indicative of obfirmō
# staravano
## Italian
### Verb

staravano
* third-person plural imperfect indicative of starare

### Anagrams

* travasano
# riavvolgevi
## Italian
### Verb

riavvolgevi
* second-person singular imperfect indicative of riavvolgere
# siegesgewissester
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

siegesgewissester
* inflection of siegesgewiss:
** strong/mixed nominative masculine singular superlative degree
** strong genitive/dative feminine singular superlative degree
** strong genitive plural superlative degree
# obstatura
## Latin
### Participle

obstātūra
* inflection of obstātūrus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Participle

obstātūrā
* ablative feminine singular of obstātūrus
# neskūpstītajiem
## Latvian
### Participle

neskūpstītajiem
* dative/instrumental plural masculine of neskūpstītais
# macilenti
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ma.t͡ʃiˈlɛn.ti/
* Rhymes: -ɛnti
* Hyphenation: ma‧ci‧lèn‧ti

### Adjective

macilenti
* masculine plural of macilento

### Anagrams

* elmintica

## Latin
### Adjective

macilentī
* inflection of macilentus:
** nominative/vocative masculine plural
** genitive masculine/neuter singular
# nonfuturistic
## English
### Etymology

From non- +‎ futuristic.

### Adjective

nonfuturistic (not comparable)
* Not futuristic.
# oblatrandus
## Latin
### Etymology

Future passive participle of oblātrō.

### Participle

oblātrandus (feminine oblātranda, neuter oblātrandum); first/second-declension participle
* which is to be barked

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.
# refrigerandam
## Latin
### Participle

refrīgerandam
* accusative feminine singular of refrīgerandus
# riavvolgevamo
## Italian
### Verb

riavvolgevamo
* first-person plural imperfect indicative of riavvolgere
# protrudimur
## Latin
### Verb

prōtrūdimur
* first-person plural present passive indicative of prōtrūdō
# preciderete
## Italian
### Verb

preciderete
* second-person plural future of precidere
# neskūpstīta
## Latvian
### Participle

neskūpstīta
* inflection of neskūpstīts:
** genitive singular masculine
** nominative singular feminine
# macilentia
## Latin
### Etymology

From macilentus +‎ -ia.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ma.kiˈlen.ti.a/, [mäkɪˈɫ̪ɛn̪t̪iä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ma.t͡ʃiˈlen.t͡si.a/, [mät͡ʃiˈlɛnt̪͡s̪iä]

### Noun

macilentia f (genitive macilentiae); first declension
* (Medieval Latin) leanness, thinness, meagerness
    Synonyms: maciēs, macor

#### Declension

First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | macilentia | macilentiae |
| Genitive | macilentiae | macilentiārum |
| Dative | macilentiae | macilentiīs |
| Accusative | macilentiam | macilentiās |
| Ablative | macilentiā | macilentiīs |
| Vocative | macilentia | macilentiae |

#### Descendants

* English: macilence
* French: macilence
* Italian: macilenza
* Portuguese: macilência

### References

macilentia in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
# polyhistorians
## English
### Noun

polyhistorians
* plural of polyhistorian
# багня
## Bulgarian
### Etymology 1

Probably from Proto-Slavic *bagňa, ja-stem variant of Proto-Slavic *bagno (“bog, quag”). Attested in toponyms and derivatives.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɐɡˈnʲa̟]
* (colloquial, Western dialects) IPA: [bɐˈɟɲa̟]
* Audio; “багня́” (“bagnjá”):(file)

#### Noun

багня́ • (bagnjá) f
* (dialectal, obsolete) hot spring → geothermal body of water
    Synonym: (standard term) геотерма́лен и́звор (geotermálen ízvor)

##### Alternative forms

* баня́ (banjá) — dialectal

##### Derived terms

* Банкя́ (Bankjá, “Bankja”) (toponym)
* Ба́нско (Bánsko, “Bansko”) (toponym)
* багни́ще (bagníšte) (augmentative)
** Бани́ще sg (Baníšte), Бани́ща pl (Baníšta) (toponyms)

##### Related terms

* ба́гър (bágǎr, “crimson hue”)

### Etymology 2

Simplified from Bulgarian оба́гня (obágnja, “to lamb”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaɡnʲɐ]
* Audio; “ба́гня” (“bágnja”):(file)

#### Verb

ба́гня • (bágnja) first-singular present indicative, impf
* (dialectal, intransitive) to lamb (to assist in the birth of a lamb)
* (reflexive with се) to beget a lamb (for sheep)
    Synonym: а́гня се (ágnja se)

##### Conjugation

$^1$Dialectally marked.

##### Related terms

* а́гне (ágne), я́гне (jágne, “lamb”)

#### References

* “багня се”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “багня”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
# star-covers
## English
### Noun

star-covers
* plural of star-cover
# particularizados
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /paɾtikulaɾiˈθados/ [paɾ.t̪i.ku.la.ɾiˈθa.ð̞os]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /paɾtikulaɾiˈsados/ [paɾ.t̪i.ku.la.ɾiˈsa.ð̞os]
* Rhymes: -ados
* Syllabification: par‧ti‧cu‧la‧ri‧za‧dos

### Participle

particularizados m pl
* masculine plural of particularizado
# protrudevate
## Italian
### Verb

protrudevate
* second-person plural imperfect indicative of protrudere
# preciderò
## Italian
### Verb

preciderò
* first-person singular future of precidere
# neskūpstītajam
## Latvian
### Participle

neskūpstītajam
* dative singular masculine of neskūpstītais
# paleoforests
## English
### Noun

paleoforests
* plural of paleoforest
# áas
## Karok
### Noun

áas
* water
* juice

### References

* William Bright, Susan Gehr, Karuk Dictionary
# багов
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaɡəf]

### Noun

ба́гов • (bágov) m inan pl
* genitive plural of баг (bag)
# star-forming
## English
### Adjective

star-forming (not comparable)
* (astronomy) Describing a region of space in which new stars are being formed
# затягивала
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zɐˈtʲæɡʲɪvəɫə]

### Verb

затя́гивала • (zatjágivala)
* feminine singular past indicative imperfective of затя́гивать (zatjágivatʹ)
# protrudiate
## Italian
### Verb

protrudiate
* second-person plural present subjunctive of protrudere

### Anagrams

* deturpatori
# precingulid
## English
### Etymology

From pre- +‎ cingulid.

### Noun

precingulid (plural precingulids)
* A small ridge that leads to a cingulid
* A thin ridge on the mesial aspect of lower molar crowns; sometimes continuous with the ectocingulid
** 2015 September 24, “A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia)”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:The presence of a slight precingulid indicates the probable presence of a small paraconid.
# propalados
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾopaˈlados/ [pɾo.paˈla.ð̞os]
* Rhymes: -ados
* Syllabification: pro‧pa‧la‧dos

### Participle

propalados m pl
* masculine plural of propalado
# made a monkey out of
## English
### Verb

made a monkey out of
* simple past and past participle of make a monkey out of
# polarità
## Italian
### Etymology

From polare +‎ -ità.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /po.la.riˈta/$^*$
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: po‧la‧ri‧tà

### Noun

polarità f (invariable)
* polarity

### Further reading

* polarità in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* liparota
# баграм
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɐˈɡram]

### Noun

багра́м • (bagrám) m inan pl
* dative plural of баго́р (bagór)
# regavam
## Galician
### Verb

regavam
* (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural imperfect indicative of regar

## Portuguese
### Verb

regavam
* third-person plural imperfect indicative of regar
# затягивались
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [zɐˈtʲæɡʲɪvəlʲɪsʲ]

### Verb

затя́гивались • (zatjágivalisʹ)
* plural past indicative imperfective of затя́гиваться (zatjágivatʹsja)
# signal strength
## English
### Noun

signal strength (plural signal strengths)
* The measured strength of a radio signal as received by a radio or any other device receiving radio signals, such as a mobile phone.

#### Related terms

* S meter

### References

* “signal strength”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
# occipies
## Latin
### Verb

occipiēs
* second-person singular future active indicative of occipiō
# pronunciais
## Portuguese
### Verb

pronunciais
* second-person plural present indicative of pronunciar
# pakoy
## Eastern Bontoc
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pajay.

### Noun

pakoy
* unhusked rice
# áimu
## Inari Sami
### Etymology

From Proto-Samic *ājmō.

### Noun

áimu
* air

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Mandarin
### Romanization

áimu (Zhuyin ㄞˊ ˙ㄇㄨ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of M
# багнюка
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From багно́ (bahnó). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɐɦˈnʲukɐ]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

багню́ка • (bahnjúka) f inan (genitive багню́ки, nominative plural багню́ки, genitive plural багню́к)
* Augmentative of багно́ n (bahnó): mire, mud, sludge

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “багнюка”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2010), “багнюка”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (а – бязь), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “багнюка”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “багнюка”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “багнюка”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “багнюка”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “багнюка”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# pligrandiĝinton
## Esperanto
### Noun

pligrandiĝinton
* accusative singular past nominal active participle of pligrandiĝi
# reformàrem
## Catalan
### Verb

reformàrem
* first-person plural preterite indicative of reformar
# provolaturus
## Latin
### Etymology

Future active participle of prōvolō

### Participle

prōvolātūrus (feminine prōvolātūra, neuter prōvolātūrum); first/second-declension participle
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.
# radiodiffondevo
## Italian
### Verb

radiodiffondevo
* first-person singular imperfect indicative of radiodiffondere
# pronunciamenti
## Italian
### Noun

pronunciamenti m
* plural of pronunciamento
# pająkach
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈjɔŋkax/
* Rhymes: -ɔŋkax
* Syllabification: pa‧ją‧kach

### Noun

pająkach m
* locative plural of pająk
# áimu-pì-sān bòfàngqì
## Mandarin
### Romanization

áimu-pì-sān bòfàngqì (Zhuyin ㄞˊ ˙ㄇㄨ ㄆㄧˋ ㄙㄢ ㄅㄛˋ ㄈㄤˋ ㄑㄧˋ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of MP3播放器
# radioattivati
## Italian
### Participle

radioattivati m pl
* masculine plural of radioattivato

### Anagrams

* radioattività
# pligrandiĝis
## Esperanto
### Verb

pligrandiĝis
* past of pligrandiĝi
# staatähnlichstem
## German
### Adjective

staatähnlichstem
* strong dative masculine/neuter singular superlative degree of staatähnlich
# provolaturo
## Latin
### Participle

prōvolātūrō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of prōvolātūrus
# radiodiffondo
## Italian
### Verb

radiodiffondo
* first-person singular present indicative of radiodiffondere
# prolongers
## English
### Noun

prolongers
* plural of prolonger
# pająkami
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pajɔŋˈkami/
* Rhymes: -ami
* Syllabification: pa‧ją‧ka‧mi

### Noun

pająkami m
* instrumental plural of pająk
# áimu-pì-sān bòfàngjī
## Mandarin
### Romanization

áimu-pì-sān bòfàngjī (Zhuyin ㄞˊ ˙ㄇㄨ ㄆㄧˋ ㄙㄢ ㄅㄛˋ ㄈㄤˋ ㄐㄧ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of MP3播放機／MP3播放机
# parroquializarían
## Spanish
### Verb

parroquializarían
* third-person plural conditional of parroquializar
# pligrandiĝontan
## Esperanto
### Adjective

pligrandiĝontan
* accusative singular future active participle of pligrandiĝi
# steckest
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

steckest
* second-person singular subjunctive I of stecken
# silicon bronzes
## English
### Noun

silicon bronzes
* plural of silicon bronze
# ősi
## Hungarian
### Etymology

ős +‎ -i (adjective-forming suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈøːʃi]
* Hyphenation: ősi
* Rhymes: -ʃi

### Adjective

ősi (comparative ősibb, superlative legősibb)
* ancient (very old)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* ősi in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
# βάσανος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”),
via Lydia, which was used by the Egyptians as a touchstone of gold.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bá.sa.nos/ → /ˈβa.sa.nos/ → /ˈva.sa.nos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /bá.sa.nos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈba.sa.nos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈβa.sa.nos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈva.sa.nos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈva.sa.nos/

### Noun

βάσᾰνος • (básanos) f (genitive βασάνου); second declension
* gold touchstone (stone which is rubbed on gold to ascertain its authenticity by leaving a yellow streak)
* (figuratively)
** test, trial (whether a thing is genuine or real)
** inquiry by torture

#### Derived terms

* βασανίτης (basanítēs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: βάσανος (vásanos, “examination, probe”)
* Greek: βάσανο (vásano, “torture”)
** βασανίζω (vasanízo, “to torture”)
** βασανισμός (vasanismós, “torture (torturing), torment (tormenting)”)
** βασανιστής n (vasanistís, “torturer, tormentor”)
** βασανίστρια f (vasanístria, “torturer (female), tormentor (female)”)
** βασανιστικός (vasanistikós, “brutal, agonising”)
** βασανιστήριο n (vasanistírio, “torture”)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βάσανος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 203
* ↑ Erman & Grapow (1971) Worterbuch der aegyptischen Sprache, page 471

### Further reading

* “βάσανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “βάσανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “βάσανος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* βάσανος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* βάσανος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. assay idem, page 45.rack idem, page 668.test idem, page 863.torture idem, page 884.touch-stone idem, page 884.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάσανος (básanos, “gold touchstone”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvasanos/
* Hyphenation: βά‧σα‧νος

### Noun

βάσανος • (vásanos) f (plural βάσανοι)
* (formal) probe, investigation (careful and attentive examination)
    Πρέπει να περάσει βάσανο πριν δημοσιευτεί.Prépei na perásei vásano prin dimosiefteí.It has to go through an examination before it's published.

#### Declension

| | singular | plural |
| nominative | βάσανος • | βάσανοι • |
| genitive | βασάνου • | βασάνων • |
| accusative | βάσανο • | βασάνους • |
| vocative | βάσανε •, βάσανο • | βάσανοι • |

#### Synonyms

* (probe, investigation): εξέταση f (exétasi)

#### Related terms

* βασανίζω (vasanízo, “to examine”)
* βάσανο n (vásano, “torture, torment”)