OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ochlocratie
## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀχλοκρατία (okhlokratía), from ὄχλος (ókhlos, “crowd”) + -κρατία (-kratía, “-cracy”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.klɔ.kʁa.si/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ochlocratie f (plural ochlocraties)
* ochlocracy

### Further reading

* “ochlocratie”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* chocolatier

## Indonesian
### Noun

ochlocratie (plural ochlocratie-ochlocratie)
* Alternative spelling of oklokrasi (“ochlocracy, mobocracy”)

## Middle French
### Noun

ochlocratie f (plural ochlocraties)
* ochlocracy
# oden
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese おでん.

### Noun

oden (uncountable)
* A Japanese one pot winter dish, of varying ingredients.
** [2024 November 8, Justin McCurry, “Coffee, sandwiches, underwear, beer: a day in the life of Japan’s beloved konbini stores”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:The arrival of cooler weather means konbini counters will soon be offering piping hot oden – a kind of Japanese stew.]

### Anagrams

* Deno, Deon, Done, Endo, NODE, done, endo, endo-, node, onde, oned

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

oden
* plural of ode

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 御田(おでん) (oden). Doublet of odeng.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈodɛn/ [ˈo.dɛn]
* Rhymes: -odɛn
* Syllabification: o‧den

### Noun

oden (plural oden-oden)
* (cooking) oden: a Japanese one pot winter dish, of varying ingredients

### Further reading

* “oden” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

oden
* Rōmaji transcription of おでん

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From od.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²uːən/
* Homophone: Oden

### Adjective

oden (neuter ode, definite singular and plural odne, comparative odnare, indefinite superlative odnast, definite superlative odnaste)
* rutting; in heat
    Synonyms: brundgalen, brunstig, od

### References

* “oden”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
# oklokrasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch ochlocratie (“ochlocracy, mobocracy”), from French ochlocratie (“ochlocracy, mobocracy”), from Middle French ochlocratie, from Ancient Greek ὀχλοκρατία (okhlokratía), from ὄχλος (ókhlos, “multitude, crowd”) + κράτος (krátos, “power”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ok.lokˈra.si/, [ok̚.lok̚ˈra.si]
* Rhymes: -si
* Hyphenation: ok‧lo‧kra‧si

### Noun

oklokrasi (plural oklokrasi-oklokrasi)
* (politics) ochlocracy, mobocracy

#### Alternative forms

* ochlocratie (unadapted borrowing)

### Further reading

* “oklokrasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# okulasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch oculatie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [okuˈlasi]

### Noun

okulasi
* (botany) shield budding
* inoculation

### Further reading

* “okulasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# onagata
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Japanese 女形 (おんながた, onnagata, “onnagata”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /o.na.ɡa.ta/
* Hyphenation: o‧na‧ga‧ta

### Noun

onagata
* (drama) onnagata, male actor who plays female roles in kabuki theater

### Further reading

* “onagata” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# onderjurk
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of onder +‎ jurk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔn.dərˈjʏrk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: on‧der‧jurk

### Noun

onderjurk f (plural onderjurken, diminutive onderjurkje n)
* a women's undergarment worn under a dress; a slip, a petticoat

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: onderjurk

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch onderjurk.

### Noun

onderjurk (plural onderjurk-onderjurk)
* a women's undergarment worn under a dress

### Further reading

* “onderjurk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# samsat
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈsamsat/ [ˈsam.sat̪̚]
* Rhymes: -amsat
* Syllabification: sam‧sat

### Noun

samsat (uncountable)
* abbreviation of sistem administrasi manunggal satu atap (“one-stop service administration system”, literally “one-roof integrated administration system”).
** one-stop integrated service, synonym of pelayanan terpadu satu pintu (“one-stop integrated service”, literally “one-door integrated service”)
** an integrated one-stop service administration system in Indonesia for motor vehicle registration and licensing between police, provincial revenue service, and motor vehicle injury insurance company
** (colloquial) motor vehicle registration, vehicle licensing

### Further reading

* “samsat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# মাতব্বর
## Bengali
### Noun

মাতব্বর • (matobbor)
* leader
# フㇽ
## Ainu
### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *gur H (“mountain”, “hill”).

### Noun

フㇽ • (hur)
* (Kuril, South Kuril) mountain

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# linguistik
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /liŋˈ(ɡ)wistik/, /liŋ(ɡ)uˈistik/
* Rhymes: -istik
* Hyphenation: li‧ngui‧stik

### Etymology 1

From Dutch linguïstiek, from linguïst +‎ -iek.

#### Noun

linguistik (uncountable)
* linguistics (the systematic and scholarly study of language)
    Synonyms: ilmu bahasa, ilmu kebahasaan

##### Hyponyms

* linguistik deskriptif
* linguistik diakronis
* linguistik forensik
* linguistik historis
* linguistik historis-komparatif
* linguistik komparatif
* linguistik komputasi
* linguistik korpus
* linguistik sinkronis
* linguistik terapan

### Etymology 2

Probably from English linguistic.

#### Adjective

linguistik (generally not comparable)
* linguistic
** of or relating to language or linguistics
** relating to a computer language

### Related terms

* linguis

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [liŋ.ɡu.(w)is.tek]
* Rhymes: -tik, -ik
* Hyphenation: lin‧gu‧is‧tik

### Etymology 1

From English linguistics.

#### Noun

linguistik (Jawi spelling ليڠݢوءيستيک)
* Scientific study of languages; linguistics.

##### Compounds

* linguistik berkomputer
* linguistik gunaan
* linguistik normatif
* linguistik pedagogi
* linguistik preskriptif
* linguistik sejarawi
* linguistik terapan

### Etymology 2

From English linguistic.

#### Adjective

linguistik (Jawi spelling ليڠݢوءيستيک)
* Relating to linguistics; linguistic.

### Further reading

* “linguistik” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# linier
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from English linesman, and línia (“line”) +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [li.niˈe]
* IPA: (Valencia) [li.niˈeɾ]

### Noun

linier m or f by sense (plural liniers)
* (sports) linesman (men), lineswoman (women), assistant referee
    Synonym: àrbitre assistent

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

linier (feminine linière, masculine plural liniers, feminine plural linières)
* (relational) flax

### Further reading

* “linier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lineair (“linear”), from French linéaire, from Latin līneāris.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /liˈniɛr/
* Rhymes: -ɛr, -r
* Hyphenation: li‧ni‧èr

### Adjective

linièr
* linear:
** having the form of a line; straight or roughly straight; following a direct course
** of or relating to lines
** (mathematics) of or relating to a class of polynomial of the form $y=ax+b$

#### Alternative forms

* linèar
* linéar (Johor-Riau)

#### Derived terms

* dilinierkan
* kelinieran
* melinierkan
* pelinieran
* terlinierkan

### References

* ↑ Nicoline van der Sijs (2010) Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd‎, Den Haag: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “linier” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Romanian
### Etymology

From linie +‎ -er.

### Noun

linier n (uncountable)
* (dated) ruler (instrument)

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Catalan linier, and this from linesman.

### Noun

linier m or f by sense (plural linieres)
* (sports, informal) linesman/lineswoman, assistant referee
    Synonym: árbitro asistente

### Further reading

* “linier”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Noun

linier
* Obsolete spelling of linjer.
# listrik statis
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of listrik +‎ statis, calque of Dutch statische elektriciteit (“static electricity”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɪstrɪk ˈstatɪs]

### Noun

listrik statis (uncountable)
* (electricity) static electricity

### Further reading

* “listrik statis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# onderneming
## Dutch
### Etymology

From ondernemen (“undertake”) +‎ -ing (“-ing”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

onderneming f (plural ondernemingen, diminutive onderneminkje n)
* venture, enterprise, concern
    Ze startte haar eigen onderneming in de mode-industrie.She started her own venture in the fashion industry.

#### Related terms

* ondernemen

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: onderneming
* → Manado Malay: ondernemeng

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch onderneming (“venture, enterprise, concern”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɔndərˈnemɪŋ]
* Hyphenation: on‧dêr‧né‧ming

### Noun

onderneming or ondêrnéming
* high-tech large-scale plantation

#### Synonyms

* éstét (Brunei Standard Malay)
* ladang, perladangan (Malaysian Standard Malay)
* lanbau
* perkebunan
* plantasê

### Further reading

* “onderneming” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# samseng
## English
### Noun

samseng (plural samsengs)
* (Malaysia, Singapore) A thug; a gangster.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay samseng, from Chinese Hokkien 三牲 (sam-seng, sam-sng, “gangster”, literally “three domestic animals”).

### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: [ˈsamsɛŋ]
* Hyphenation: sam‧sèng

#### Noun

samseng (plural)
* warrior
    Synonyms: jagoan, pendekar

### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: [ˈsamsəŋ]
* Hyphenation: sam‧sêng

#### Verb

samseng
* to mourn the dead
    Synonym: melayat

### Further reading

* “samseng” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Hokkien 三牲 (sam-seng, sam-sng, “gangster”, literally “three domestic animals”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /samsəŋ/
* Rhymes: -eŋ

### Noun

samseng (Jawi spelling سمسيڠ, plural samseng-samseng, informal 1st possessive samsengku, 2nd possessive samsengmu, 3rd possessive samsengnya)
* thug; gangster
** 2018, Bung Moktar Radin, “Waktu Mesyuarat dan Urusan Dibebaskan Daripada Peraturan Mesyuarat”, in Hansard of the Dewan Rakyat‎, archived from the original on 2023-10-16, page 41:Yang Berhormat tidak layak duduk di sini, samseng. What you want? You hendak gaduh dengan saya? Anytime.Your Honor (Willie Mongin) doesn't deserve to sit here, gangster. What do you want? You want to fight with me? Anytime.

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: samseng (inherited)
* → English: samseng
* → Tausug: samsing
# ragu
## English
### Noun

ragu (countable and uncountable, plural ragus)
* Alternative spelling of ragù
** 2007 November 4, “T-Bones and Tea”, in New York Times‎:His menu features steaks, lamb and seafood, all served on hot rocks and in sizzling skillets, and homemade pasta dishes like pappardelle with lamb and artichoke ragu, and spaghetti vongole served with a touch of pantelleria red pepper sauce.

### Anagrams

* Guar., Gura, Urga, gaur, guar, ruga

## Anguthimri
### Noun

ragu
* (Mpakwithi) sandpaper tree
* (Mpakwithi) prawn

### References

* Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 188

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈraɡu/
* Hyphenation: ra‧gu

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

ragu
* dubious
** undecided, wavering, uncertain, or hesitating in opinion
    Synonym: bimbang
** arousing doubt; questionable; open to suspicion
    Synonyms: sangsi, syak

##### Derived terms

* keraguan
* meragukan
* peragu
* ragu-ragu

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ragu
* infinitive, imperative and colloquial of meragu

### Further reading

* “ragu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latvian
### Noun

ragu m
* inflection of rags:
** accusative/instrumental singular
** genitive plural

## Old English
### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Germanic *ragō (“lichen, beard”) and related to Proto-Germanic *rūhaz (whence rough) and Proto-Germanic *rawwō (whence rag), therefore from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewk- (“to pluck”). However compare Russian ракита (rakita, “broom, willow tree”), which could be from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erkʷ- (“bend”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɑ.ɡu/, [ˈrɑ.ɣu]

### Noun

ragu f
* lichen

#### Declension

Strong ō-stem:

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “RAGU”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* RAGU - A Thesaurus of Old English, University of Glasgow.
* ↑ N. van Wijk (1936 [1912]), Franck's Etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal, 2e druk, Den Haag
* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “67-68”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 67-68

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from French ragoût or Italian ragù.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁaˈɡu/ [haˈɡu]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁaˈɡu/ [haˈɡu]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʁaˈɡu/ [χaˈɡu]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁaˈɡu/ [ʁaˈɣu]
* Hyphenation: ra‧gu

### Noun

ragu m (plural ragus)
* ragout (stew of meat and vegetables)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rǎɡuː/

### Noun

ràgū m (Cyrillic spelling ра̀гӯ)
* ragout (stew of meat and vegetables)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “ragu”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# liwa
## Coast Miwok
### Noun

liwa
* water

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay liwa, from Arabic لِوَاء (liwāʔ, “banner, flag, standard”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈliwa]
* Hyphenation: li‧wa

### Noun

liwa (plural)
* (archaic) flag, banner
    Synonyms: bendera, panji-panji

### Further reading

* “liwa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Polish
### Etymology

Deverbal from lać.

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈli.va/

### Noun

liwa f
* (Kielce) Synonym of ulewa

### Further reading

* Zygmunt Wasilewski (1895) “liwa”, in “Słowniczek wyrazów ludowych we wsi Jaksicach”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 92

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-liwa (infinitive kuliwa)
* Passive form of -la: to be eaten
* to be edible
    Synonym: -lika

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -liwa :
| Positive present | -naliwa |
| Subjunctive | -liwe |
| Negative | -liwi |
| Imperative singular | liwa |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuliwa |
| Negative | kutoliwa |
Imperatives :
| Singular | liwa |
| Plural | liweni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huliwa |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -liliwa |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuliwa |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -taliwa |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -taliwa |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -siliwe |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeliwa |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeliwa |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngaliliwa |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singaliliwa |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meliwa |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshaliwa |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jaliwa |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kiliwa |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipoliwa |
| Consecutive | kaliwa / positive subject concord + -kaliwa |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kaliwe |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

## Swazi
### Noun

lîwá class 5 (plural émawá class 6)
* cliff

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.
# ondertrouw
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch ondertrouw (“betrothal”).

### Noun

ondertrouw (plural ondertrouw-ondertrouw)
* official notification to the civil registry officer if someone wish to get married

### Further reading

* “ondertrouw” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# 支庁
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 支 | 庁 |
| し Grade: 5 | ちょう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 支廳 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕit͡ɕo̞ː]

### Noun

支(し)庁(ちょう) • (shichō)
* governmental branch office
* subprefecture (administrative subdivision of Japan, primarily in Hokkaido)
# loji
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlojɪ]

### Noun

loji m
* dative/vocative/locative singular of lůj

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch loge, from French loge. Doublet of loge.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lod͡ʒi/
* Hyphenation: lo‧ji

### Noun

loji (plural loji-loji)
* big building
    Synonym: gedung
* Dutch colonial building

### Further reading

* “loji” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

loji
* Romanization of ꦭꦺꦴꦗꦶ

## Malay
### Etymology

From Dutch loge, from French loge.

### Noun

loji (Jawi spelling لوجي, plural loji-loji, informal 1st possessive lojiku, 2nd possessive lojimu, 3rd possessive lojinya)
* big building.
    Synonym: gedung
* plant, factory.
    Synonym: kilang

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: loji

### Further reading

* “loji” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# lokastiti
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Sanskrit लोकस्थिति (lokasthiti, “universal law”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lo.kasˈti.ti]
* Hyphenation: lo‧kas‧ti‧ti

### Noun

lokastiti (plural lokastiti-lokastiti)
* rule
    Synonyms: aturan, tata tertib

### Further reading

* “lokastiti” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# lokatraya
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Sanskrit लोकत्रय (lokatraya, “three worlds”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lo.kaˈtra.ja]
* Hyphenation: lo‧ka‧tra‧ja

### Noun

lokatraya (plural lokatraya-lokatraya)
* three worlds

### Further reading

* “lokatraya” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# lokawiruda
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Sanskrit लोकविरुद्ध (lokaviruddha, “opposed to public opinion”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lo.ka.wiˈru.da]
* Hyphenation: lo‧ka‧wi‧ru‧da

### Noun

lokawiruda (uncountable)
* things contrary to custom, prohibitions for the public

### Further reading

* “lokawiruda” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.