# lung
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English lunge, longe, from Old English lungen, from Proto-Germanic *lunganjō, an enlargement of *lungô (“the light organ, lung”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-, whence ultimately also light. Cognate with West Frisian long, Dutch long, German Lunge, Danish lunge, Norwegian lunge, Swedish lunga, Icelandic lunga, and also Russian лёгкое (ljóxkoje) (lung), Ancient Greek ἐλαφρός (elaphrós, “light in weight”) and perhaps Albanian lungë (“blister, bulge”). Compare Latin levis and Old English lēoht (Modern English light). See also lights (“lungs”). Superseded non-native Middle English pomoun (“lung”), borrowed from Old French poumon, pomon (“lung”).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: lŭng, IPA: /ˈlʌŋ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌŋ

### Noun

lung (plural lungs)
* (anatomy) A biological organ of vertebrates that controls breathing and oxygenates the blood.
** 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.
* (in the plural) Capacity for exercise or exertion; breath.
    He no longer has the lungs to play long rallies like he used to.
* That which supplies oxygen or fresh air, such as trees, parklands, forest, etc., to a place.
** 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 123:Afterwards he found that the vague feeling of alarm had spread to the clients of the underground railway, and that the Sunday excursionists began to return from all the South-Western "lungs" - Barnes, Wimbledon, Richmond Park, Kew, and so forth - at unnaturally early hours[.]

#### Synonyms

* (organ): (in the plural) bellows (informal or archaic), (in the plural) lights (of an animal, used as food)

#### Derived terms

* aqualung
* bagpipe lung
* biolung
* bird breeder's lung
* bird fancier's lung
* black lung
* book lung
* brown lung
* diffuse parenchymal lung disease
* farmer's lung
* flock worker's lung
* green lung
* heart-lung machine
* honeycomb lung
* interstitial lung disease
* iron lung
* Labrador lung
* leather-lunged
* lung buster
* lung-busting
* lung butter
* lung cancer
* lung capacity
* lung dart
* lung-digit syndrome
* lungedness
* lunger
* lung fever
* lung fields
* lungfish
* lung flower
* lungful
* lung-grown
* lungless
* lunglessness
* lung lichen
* lunglike
* lung power
* lung sac
* lung sick
* lung toilet
* lung volume
* lungworm
* lungwort
* mahogany lung
* midlung
* miller's lung
* miner's lung
* nonlung
* pigeon fancier's lung
* popcorn lung
* smoker's lung
* woodworker's lung
* wouldn't work in an iron lung

#### Translations

Abkhaz: арԥҳа (arpḥa)
Afrikaans: long (af)
Albanian: mushkëri (sq)
Aleut: humgix̂
Amharic: ሳምባ (samba)
Apache:
Western Apache: bijííʼizólé
Arabic: رِئَة f (riʔa), سَحَر (ar) m (saḥar)
Hijazi Arabic: رِئة f (riʔa)
Moroccan Arabic: رية f (riyya)
Aragonese: pulmón
Armenian: թոք (hy) (tʻokʻ)
Aromanian: pãlmunã f, plimunã f
Assamese: হাঁওফাঁও (hãüphãü)
Asturian: pulmón (ast) m
Avar: гъуърул (ğuʔrul)
Azerbaijani: ağciyər (az), öfgə
Bahnar: dơsoh
Bambara: fogonfogon
Bashkir: үпкә (üpkə)
Basque: birika (eu)
Bau Bidayuh: osuop
Belarusian: лёгкае n (ljóhkaje)
Bengali: ফুসফুস (bn) (phuśophus)
Bezhta: пиртӏи (pirtʼi), пийтӏи (pijtʼi)
Breton: skevent (br) m pl
Bulgarian: бял дроб m (bjal drob)
Burmese: အဆုတ် (my) (a.hcut)
Buryat: уушхан (uušxan)
Catalan: pulmó (ca) m
Cebuano: baga
Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵜ (tarut), ⵜⵓⵔⵜ (turt)
Central Melanau: atai sup
Chechen: пах (pax)
Cherokee: ᏧᏪᎳ (tsuwela)
Chichewa: phapo
Chinese:
Cantonese: 肺 (fai$^3$), 肺臟 / 肺脏 (fai$^3$ zong$^6$)
Dungan: физы (fizɨ)
Eastern Min: 肺 (hié)
Hakka: 肺 (hi)
Hokkien: 肺 (hì)
Mandarin: 肺臟 / 肺脏 (zh) (fèizàng), 肺 (zh) (fèi)
Northern Min: 肺 (hi̿)
Wu: 肺 ($^5$fi)
Chuvash: ӳпке (üpke)
Corsican: pulmone, pulmoni, pulmonu
Cree: please add this translation if you can
Czech: plíce (cs) f
Danish: lunge (da) c
Dhivehi: please add this translation if you can
Drung: rvseu
Dupaningan Agta: gasa
Dutch: long (nl) f
Eastern Cham: ꨎꩆꨓꨭꩃ (jantung)
Egyptian: (zmꜣ), (wfꜣ)
Erzya: тевеляв (teveľav), мельке (meľke)
Esperanto: pulmo (eo)
Estonian: kops (et)
Evenki: эвтэл (əwtəl)
Ewe: please add this translation if you can
Farefare: vulũnvuugo
Faroese: lunga n
Finnish: keuhko (fi)
French: poumon (fr) m
Friulian: palmon m
Galician: pulmón (gl) m, bofe m, boche (gl) m, livián m, corada (gl) f
Georgian: ფილტვი (pilṭvi)
German: Lunge (de) f
Greek: πνεύμονας (el) m (pnévmonas)
Ancient: πνεύμων m (pneúmōn), πλεύμων m (pleúmōn)
Gujarati: ફેફસું (phephsũ)
Haitian Creole: poumon
Hausa: huhu
Hawaiian: akemāmā
Hebrew: ריאה / רֵאָה (he) (re'á)
Hidatsa: náaxu pl
Higaonon: baga
Hindi: फेफड़ा (hi) m (phephṛā), फुफ्फुस (phuphphus)
Hungarian: tüdő (hu)
Hunsrik: Lung f
Hunzib: пыртӏи (pɨrṭi)
Icelandic: lunga (is), lungu (is)
Ido: pulmono (io)
Igbo: nkpofunu
Ilocano: bara
Indonesian: paru-paru (id), rabu (id)
Ingrian: kerkiäliha, ljohkoi
Ingush: пехк (pexk)
Interlingua: pulmon
Irish: scamhóg (ga) f
Isnag: baxa
Italian: polmone (it) m
Iu Mien: piom
Japanese: 肺臓 (ja) (はいぞう, haizō), 肺 (ja) (はい, hai)
Javanese: please add this translation if you can
Kalmyk: оошк (ooşk)
Kannada: ಉಸಿರುಕ (kn) (usiruka)
Kanuri: fúfù
Kapampangan: baga
Kazakh: өкпе (kk) (ökpe)
Khmer: សួត (km) (suət)
Korean: 허파 (ko) (heopa), 폐(肺) (ko) (pye), 부아 (ko) (bua)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: سی (sî)
Laki: سوی (ku) (suy), پوفی (pufî)
Northern Kurdish: pişik (ku), sîh (ku) f, pişik (ku) f
Southern Kurdish: سۊە (süe)
Kyrgyz: өпкө (ky) (öpkö)
Ladino: pulmón
Lao: ປອດ (lo) (pǭt)
Latgalian: pļauškys pl
Latin: pulmo m
Latvian: plaušas pl
Laz: purpu
Linngithigh: mbar
Lithuanian: plaučiai pl
Low German: Lung f
Luhya: embafu
Luo: obo
Luxembourgish: Long (lb) f
Macedonian: бел дроб m (bel drob)
Maguindanao: baga
Malagasy: havokavoka (mg)
Malay: paru, paru-paru (ms)
Malayalam: ശ്വാസകോശം (śvāsakōśaṁ)
Maltese: pulmun m
Manchu: ᡠᡶᡠᡥᡠ (ufuhu)
Mansaka: baga
Maori: pūkahukahu
Maranao: baga'
Marathi: फुफ्फुस n (phuphphus)
Meru: mauri
Mirandese: pulmon
Miyako: フク (fku)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: уушги (mn) (uušgi)
Moore: fulfuugu
Nahuatl: tochichi, tochichin
Nanai: хэутэ (heute)
Navajo: ajéí yilzólii
Naxi: cherl
Nepali: फोक्सो (phokso)
North Frisian: Lung m (Sylt)
Northern Sami: geahpis
Norwegian:
Bokmål: lunge (no) m or f
Nynorsk: lunge f
Occitan: palmon (oc)
Odia: please add this translation if you can
Ojibwe: (my lung) nipan
Old Church Slavonic: плюща (pljušta)
Old English: lungen f
Oromo: somba
Ossetian: рӕуӕг (ræwæg)
Ottoman Turkish: آق جگر (ak ciğer), اویكن (öyken), جگر (ciğer)
Pannonian Rusyn: плюцо n (pljuco)
Pashto: سږى m (sᶕẓay)
Persian:
Dari: رِیَه (riya), شُش (šuš)
Iranian Persian: رِیِه (riye), شُش (šoš)
Piedmontese: polmon m
Polish: płuco (pl) n
Portuguese: pulmão (pt) m
Punjabi: ਫੇਫੜਾ (pa) (phephṛā)
Quechua: puiwan
Romagnol: palmôn m
Romanian: plămân (ro) m, pulmon (ro), plămâni (ro) m pl
Romansch: lom m, lomm m, leav, lev, pulmun m
Russian: лёгкое (ru) n (ljóxkoje)
S'gaw Karen: ပသိၣ် (pa thoh̀)
Sanskrit: फुफ्फुस (phuphphusa)
Santali: ᱵᱳᱠᱳ pl (boko)
Sardinian: pimone, piumone, piumoni, primmone, primone, prummone
Scottish Gaelic: sgamhan m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: плу́ће n, плу́ћа n pl
Roman: plúće n, plúća n pl
Shan: ပွတ်ႇ (shn) (pàut)
Sherpa: གློའ (glo')
Sicilian: purmuna
Sindhi: please add this translation if you can
Sinhalese: පෙනහැල්ල (penahælla)
Slovak: pľúca (sk) n pl
Slovene: pljuča (sl) n pl
Somali: sambab (so)
Southern Altai: ӧкпӧ (ökpö)
Spanish: pulmón (es) m
Old Spanish: pulmon
Sranan Tongo: fokofoko
Swahili: pafu (sw) class 5/6
Swedish: lunga (sv) c
Tagalog: baga (tl), pulmon
Tajik: шуш (šuš)
Tamil: நுரையீரல் (ta) (nuraiyīral)
Tangut: 𗮺 (*tsə̣¹)
Taos: hǫ́luną
Tarifit: taṛut f
Tatar: үпкә (tt) (üpkä)
Telugu: ఊపిరితిత్తి (te) (ūpirititti)
Thai: ปอด (th) (bpɔ̀ɔt)
Tibetan: གློ་བ (glo ba)
Tigrinya: ሳንቡእ (ti) (sanbuʾ)
Turkish: akciğer (tr)
Turkmen: öýken
Tuvan: өкпе (ökpe)
Ukrainian: леге́ня (uk) f (lehénja)
Urdu: پھیپْھڑا m (phephṛā)
Uyghur: ئۆپكە (öpke)
Uzbek: oʻpka (uz)
Venetan: polmon
Vietnamese: phổi (vi)
Volapük: lueg (vo)
Walloon: peumon (wa)
Welsh: ysgyfaint (cy) f pl
West Coast Bajau: kura', kura'
West Frisian: long (fy)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: baɣa'
White Hmong: ntsws
Woiwurrung: woorba-oollook
Wolof: xëtër
Xhosa: iphaphu
Yakut: тыҥа (tıña)
Yami: apoaw
Ye'kwana: tawa
Yiddish: לונג (lung)
Zhuang: bwt, aenbwt
Zulu: iphaphu (zu) :

#### See also

* pneumonic
* pulmonary

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* lungu

### Etymology

From Latin longus. Compare Romanian lung.

### Adjective

lung m (feminine lunghe, masculine plural lundz, feminine plural lundzi)
* long

#### Related terms

* lundzest

#### See also

* larg

## Drung
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luŋ.

### Noun

lung
* stone

### References

Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎, Santa Barbara: University of California

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlʊŋ]
* Hyphenation: lung

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

#### Noun

lung (plural lung-lung)
* curve, bend
    Synonym: keluk
* archer's bow
    Synonym: busur

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay [Term?], from Hokkien [Term?] 籠／笼 (láng, lâng, lông, lóng, “bamboo container”).

#### Noun

lung (plural lung-lung)
* bottomless coffin

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

lung (plural lung-lung)
* alternative spelling of long (“large firecracker”)

### Further reading

* “lung” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* lüng (Sylt)

### Etymology

From Old Frisian long.

### Adjective

lung (comparative linger or långer, superlative lingst or långst)
* (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) long

#### Inflection
## Old French
### Adjective

lung m (oblique and nominative feminine singular lunge)
* (Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of long

#### Derived terms

* lungement

## Romanian
### Etymology

From the Latin longus (“long”, adjective), from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós (“long”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /luŋɡ/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

lung m or n (feminine singular lungă, plural lungi)
* long
    Antonym: scurt
    Asta e o stradă foarte lungă!This is a really long street!

#### Derived terms

* lungan
* lungăreț
* lungi
* lunguieț

#### Related terms

* alunga
* prelung

#### Descendants

* → Romani: lùngo

#### See also

* alungi

## Romansch
### Etymology

From Latin longus.

### Adjective

lung m (feminine singular lunga, masculine plural lungs, feminine plural lungas)
* long

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [lʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [lʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [lʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

### Adverb

lung • (𢥆)
* (of thought) very hard

### Adjective

lung
* (only in compounds) loose

#### Derived terms

* lung lay