# lamina
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lāmina (“a thin piece of metal, wood, marble; a plate, leaf, layer”). Doublet of lame.

### Pronunciation

* (UK, General Australian) IPA: /ˈlæm.ɪ.nə/
* (US) IPA: /ˈlæm.ɪ.nə/, [ˈlɛəm.ɪ.nə]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æmɪnə

### Noun

lamina (plural laminae or (archaic) laminæ or laminas)
* A thin layer, plate, or scale of material.
    Hypernyms: sheet, layer
    Synonyms: lame, lamella
** (anatomy) Either of two broad, flat plates of bone of a vertebra that is fused with and extends from the pedicle to the median line of the neural arch to form the base of the spinous process and that along with the pedicle forms the posterior part of the vertebral foramen.
** (botany) The flat expanded part of a foliage leaf or leaflet.
    Synonym: blade
** (geology) A fine layer that occurs in sedimentary rocks.
** (zootomy) One of the narrow thin parallel plates of soft vascular sensitive tissue that cover the flesh within the wall of a hoof.

#### Derived terms

* basal lamina
* laminable
* laminal
* lamina papyracea
* lamina propria
* lamina proprial
* laminar
* laminate
* laminiferous
* lamino-, lamin-, lamini-
* microlamina
* Rexed lamina
* sublamina

#### Translations
### References

* “lamina”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “lamina”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Anagrams

* maalin, Almain, lamian, aminal, Manila, al-Amin, Milana, Alamin, animal, Animal, almain, Malian, manila

## Catalan
### Verb

lamina
* inflection of laminar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

lamina
* third-person singular past historic of laminer

### Anagrams

* animal

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin lamina, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *stelh₃- (“broad, to broaden”). Possibly through Portuguese lâmina or Spanish lámina (“sheet”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [laˈmina]
* Hyphenation: la‧mi‧na

### Noun

lamina (plural)
* (archaic) coat of mail
* lamina: a very thin layer of material

### Further reading

* “lamina” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈla.mi.na/
* Rhymes: -amina
* Hyphenation: là‧mi‧na

### Etymology 1

From Latin lāmina (“thin sheet of material”). Doublet of lama, a borrowing from French.

#### Noun

lamina f (plural lamine)
* thin sheet or layer; lamina
* (botany) lamina, blade
* (anatomy) lamina

##### Derived terms

* lamina d'oro (“gold leaf”)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

lamina
* inflection of laminare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* Manila, manali

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* lammina, lamna

### Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *stelh₃- (“broad, to broaden”). See lātus, latus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈlaː.mi.na/, [ˈɫ̪äːmɪnä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈla.mi.na/, [ˈläːminä]

### Noun

lāmina f (genitive lāminae); first declension
* (literally, Classical Latin) a thin piece or sheet of metal, wood, marble, etc.; a plate, leaf, layer
* (transferred sense)
** a red-hot plate used as torture devices for slaves
** money, coin, gold, precious metal
** a saw (cutting device)
** (anatomy) the flap of the ear
** the tender shell of an unripe nut
* money coin, minted by the Pontiffs of Rome

#### Inflection

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* lāmella
* lamnula
* sublāmina

#### Descendants

* French: lame
** → Catalan: llama
** → Italian: lama
** → Persian: لام (lâm, “microscope slide”)
* Friulian: lame
* Romanian: lamură, lamă
* Romansch: loma, lama
* Sicilian: lanna, landa, landia, lannia (Calabria)
** → Italian: landa (see there for further descendants)
** → Maltese: landa
* Venetan: lama
* → Catalan: làmina (learned)
* → English: lamina (learned)
* → French: lamine (learned)
* → Galician: lamia
* → Galician: lámina (learned)
* → Proto-West Germanic: *lammā (see there for further descendants)
* → Greek: λάμα (láma)
* → Italian: lamina (learned)
* → Portuguese: lâmina (learned)
* → Romanian: lamină (learned)
* → Spanish: lámina (learned)

### References

* “lamina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “lamina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "lamina", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* lamina in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Julius Pokorny (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Bern, Munich: Francke Verlag
* ↑ The Words of Mathematics: An Etymological Dictionary of Mathematical Terms Used in English

## Malay
### Noun

lamina (Jawi spelling لامينا, plural lamina-lamina, informal 1st possessive laminaku, 2nd possessive laminamu, 3rd possessive laminanya)
* coat of mail

### Further reading

* “lamina” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Portuguese
### Verb

lamina
* inflection of laminar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French laminer.

### Verb

a lamina (third-person singular present laminează, past participle laminat) 1st conjugation
* to laminate

#### Conjugation
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /laˈmina/ [laˈmi.na]
* Rhymes: -ina
* Syllabification: la‧mi‧na

### Verb

lamina
* inflection of laminar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative