# fan
## Translingual
### Symbol

fan
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Fang (Bantu).

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Fang (Bantu) terms

## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fæn/
* Audio (Northwestern US):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (Standard Southern British) IPA: /faːn/
* (æ-tensing) IPA: [fɛən], [feən], [fɛːn]
* Rhymes: -æn
* Homophones: faan, fanne

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle English fan, inherited from Old English fann (“a winnowing, fan”), derived from Latin vannus (“fan for winnowing grain”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).
* Latin ventus (“wind”)
* Dutch wan (“winnowing basket”)
* German Wanne (“winnowing basket”)
* Swedish vanna (“a fan for winnowing”)
* Old English windwian (“to fan, winnow”).
More at winnow.

#### Noun

fan (plural fans)
* A hand-held device consisting of concertinaed material, or slats of material, gathered together at one end, that may be opened out into the shape of a sector of a circle and waved back and forth in order to move air towards oneself and cool oneself.
* An electrical or mechanical device for moving air, used for cooling people, machinery, etc.
* The action of fanning; agitation of the air.
** 1998, Brock Thoene, Bodie Thoene, A New Frontier: Saga of the Sierras, page 181:"If I cannot be of service, then I certainly don't wish to impose," said McGinty, with a quick fan of breeze that indicated a sweeping bow.
* Anything resembling a hand-held fan in shape, e.g., a peacock’s tail.
* An instrument for winnowing grain, by moving which the grain is tossed and agitated, and the chaff is separated and blown away.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 30:24:The oxen likewise and the yong asses that eare the ground, shall eate cleane prouender which hath bene winnowed with the shouell and with the fanne.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 3:12:Whose fanne is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floore, and gather his wheat into the garner: but wil burne vp the chaffe with vnquenchable fire.
* A small vane or sail, used to keep the large sails of a smock mill always in the direction of the wind.
* (mathematics) A section of a tree having a finite number of branches

##### Derived terms

* alluvial fan
* case fan
* ceiling fan
* cooling fan
* desk fan
* dress fan
* ducted fan
* exhaust fan
* extractor fan
* fan-assisted oven
* fanback
* fanbearer
* fanbelt
* fan belt
* fan blade
* fan-blast
* fanboat
* fan camera
* fan car
* fan coral
* fan dance
* fan death
* fanflower
* fanfold
* fan-foot
* fanfoot
* fanglomerate
* fan heater
* fan-in-fin
* fanjet
* fanleaf
* fanlike
* fan lobster
* fanmaker
* fanmaking
* fan marker
* fan mussel
* fan-nerved
* fan out
* fan oven
* fan palm
* fanpetal
* fan-shaped
* fan sign
* fanskate
* fantailed
* fan-tailed
* fan tracery
* fanweed
* fan-wheel
* fanwise
* fanwort
* fanwright
* fart fan
* finger fan
* firefan
* fire fan
* hand fan
* hit the fan
* open fan
* overhead fan
* pedestal fan
* propfan
* red-fan parrot
* Rhenish fan
* sea fan
* subfan
* submarine fan
* tailfan
* tilt fan
* trifan
* turbofan
* unducted fan
* walking fan
* wall fan
* winnowing fan

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

fan (third-person singular simple present fans, present participle fanning, simple past and past participle fanned)
* (transitive) To blow air on (something) by means of a fan (hand-held, mechanical or electrical) or otherwise.
    We enjoyed standing at the edge of the cliff, being fanned by the wind.
** 1865 November (indicated as 1866), Lewis Carroll [pseudonym; Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], “The Pool of Tears”, in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 19:Alice took up the fan and gloves, and, as the hall was very hot, she kept fanning herself all the time she went on talking: […]
* (transitive) To slap (a behind, especially).
** 1934, Rex Stout, Fer-de-Lance, Bantam, published 1992, →ISBN, page 148:Part of it was that as much as I respected filial devotion and as much as I liked Sarah Barstow, it would have been a real satisfaction to put her across my knees and pull up her skirts and giver her a swell fanning, for not taking a look at that driver.
* (intransitive, usually to fan out) To move or spread in multiple directions from one point, in the shape of a hand-held fan.
* (transitive) To dispel by waving a hand-held fan.
    I attempted to fan the disagreeable odour out of the room.
* (firearms, transitive) To perform a maneuver that involves flicking the top rear of an old-style gun.
** 2011, Hans-Christoan Vortisch, GURPS Tactical Shooting, page 14:To fan a single action revolver, hold down the trigger and strike the hammer repeatedly with a free hand.
* (figurative) To invigorate, like flames when fanned.
** 1923, Arthur Symons, Love's Cruelty, page 43:She comes, to fan my ardour, She kills me with her kisses.
* To winnow grain.
** 1856, François Réal Angers Lelièvre, Lower Canada reports:By the first article, these fanning mills were appointed to be sent to the proprietors of the mills of Sault-à-la puce, Petit-Pré, Beauport, Pointe de Lévy, St. Nicolas and Ste. Famille in the isle of Orleans " to have all the wheat in general of whatever quality sent to these mills passed and fanned, before converting them into flour."
* (rail transport, transitive) To apply (the air brake) many times in rapid succession.
    Fanning the brakes results in the gradual depletion of the pressure in the cars' brake reservoirs, which can eventually cause a loss of all braking.
* (baseball, intransitive) To strike out.
* (baseball, transitive) To strike out (a batter).

##### Derived terms

* fan-in
* fanner
* fan-out
* fan out
* fanout
* fan the fire
* fan the flame
* fan the flames
* refan

##### Related terms

* (to firing a revolver by holding trigger and hitting hammer) thumbing

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Clipping of fanatic, originally in US baseball slang. Possibly influenced by fancy (“group of sport or hobby enthusiasts”), i.e. fancy boy (“fan”).

#### Noun

fan (plural fans or fen)
* A person who is fond of something or someone, especially an admirer of a performer or aficionado of a sport.
    I am a big fan of libraries.

##### Usage notes

The plural fen is only used within science fiction fandom. See fen, etymology 3, for more information.

##### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:fan

##### Antonyms

* anti-fan
* hater

##### Hyponyms

* See Category:en:Fans (people), for names of different fans or members of fan subcultures.

##### Derived terms

* acafan
* actifan
* Anglofan
* anti-fan
* anti-fandom
* bandwagon fan
* Batfan
* BNF (“Big Name Fan”)
* Callafan
* confan
* crifanac
* Cumberfan
* eofan
* faan
* fair weather fan
* fake fan
* fakefan
* fanac
* fanarchist
* fanart
* fan base
* fanblog
* fanboy
* fanbrat
* fancam
* fan car
* fan cast
* fancast
* fanchant
* fan club
* fancruft
* fandemonium
* fandom
* fandub
* fandumb
* faned
* fanfest
* fan fiction
* fanfilm
* fangal
* fangame
* fangirl
* fanhood
* Fanilow
* Fanilton
* fankid
* fankind
* fanlation
* fanless
* fan letter
* fanling
* fanlisting
* fanlore
* fanmade
* fanmag
* fan mail
* fanmeeting
* fanmix
* fanne (“female fan of science fiction”)
* Fannibal
* fannish
* fanon
* fan page
* fanpage
* fanpire
* fans are slans
* fanservice
* fanship
* fansign
* fansigning
* fansite
* fanslation
* fanslator
* Fanson
* fanspeak
* fansplain
* fanstuff
* fansub
* fantagonism
* fantard
* fantrepreneur
* fantroll
* fanventure
* fanvid
* fanwank
* fanwankery
* fanware
* fanwear
* fanwork
* fanwriter
* fanwriting
* fanzine
* fanzone
* femfan
* femme fan
* FIAWOL (“Fandom Is A Way Of Life”)
* FIJAGH (“Fandom Is Just A Goddamn Hobby”)
* fringefan
* furfan
* Hamilfan
* HitlerFan1488
* litfan
* lolfan
* mediafan
* megafan
* Mirfanda
* neofan
* nonfan
* passifan
* Phan
* Pokéfan
* railfan
* sports fan
* stan
* stfan
* stfanzine
* superfan
* Transfan
* transfan
* Trekfan
* trufan
* Twifan
* uberfan
* WKF (“Well Known Fan”)
* zinefan

##### Descendants

* → Dutch: fan
* → Finnish: fani
* → French: fan
* → German: Fan
* → Italian: fan
* → Japanese: ファン
* → Korean: 팬 (paen)
* → Mandarin: 粉 (fěn)
* → Mandarin: 飯 / 饭 (fàn)
* → Norwegian Bokmål: fan, fans
* → Norwegian Nynorsk: fan, fans
* → Polish: fan
* → Portuguese: fã
* → Romanian: fan
* → Spanish: fan
* → Swedish: fan
* → Thai: แฟน (fɛɛn)

##### References

* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “fan”, in Online Etymology Dictionary, retrieved 1 January 2017: “1889, American English, originally of baseball enthusiasts, probably a shortening of fanatic, but it may be influenced by the fancy, a collective term for followers of a certain hobby or sport (especially boxing)”

### Etymology 3

From Cantonese 分. Doublet of fen and hoon.

#### Noun

fan (plural fan)
* (Hong Kong, dated) A unit of length, equivalent to 0.1 tsun (0.01 chek), or 0.00371475 metres.
** 1939, chapter XI, in Colonial Reports - Annual Issues‎, page 37:1 chek (foot) = 14⅝ English inches divided into 10 tsün (inches) and each tsün into ten fan or tenths.

### See also

* fan-ch'ieh
* fan-tan
* T'u-lu-fan

### Anagrams

* AFN, ANF, FNA, NAF, NFA

## Bambara
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [fã˦ã˨]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

fan
* egg

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

fan
* direction, side

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
* Richard Nci Diarra, Lexique bambara-français-anglais, December 13, 2010

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -an

### Verb

fan
* third-person plural present indicative of fer

## Chibcha
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /βan/

### Noun

fan
* Alternative form of ban

### References

* Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
* Quesada Pacheco, Miguel Ángel. 1991. El vocabulario mosco de 1612. En estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. Programa de investigación del departamento de lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Serie Anual Tomo X San José (Costa Rica). Universidad de Costa Rica.

## Chuukese
### Noun

fan
* church (building)
    Ka mochen fiti fan? ― Do you want to attend church?
* time (instance or occurrence)
** 2010, Ewe Kapasen God, United Bible Societies, →ISBN, Matthew 26:34, page 55:Jesus a apasa ngeni Peter, "Upwe apasa ngonuk pwe non ei chok pwinin me mwen ewe chukȯ epwe kökkö, fan unungat kopwe apasa pwe kose sinei ei."Jesus said to Peter, "I tell you that in this night before the chicken calls, three times you will say that you don't know me."

### Preposition

fan
* under

## Cimbrian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Preposition

fan (Sette Comuni)
* on
    au fan tiss ― on the table (literally, “up on table”)
* in
    übar fan Ròan ― in Canove (literally, “over in Canove”)

#### Usage notes

Often used in conjunction with adverbs, such as au (“up”), übar (“over”), abe (“down”).

### References

* “fan” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English fan.

### Pronunciation

* (Belgium) IPA: /fɑn/
* (Netherlands) IPA: /fɛn/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

fan m (plural fans, diminutive fannetje n)
* fan (admirer)

#### Synonyms

* aanhanger
* bewonderaar
* supporter

## Finnish
### Etymology

From English fan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɑn/, [ˈfɑ̝n]
* IPA: /ˈfæn/, [ˈfæn]
* Rhymes: -ɑn
* Hyphenation: fan

### Noun

fan
* fan, admirer, aficionado

#### Declension

Possessive forms of fan (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fanini
fanini
accusative
nom.
fanini
fanini
gen.
fanini
genitive
fanini
fanieni
partitive
faniani
fanejani
inessive
fanissani
faneissani
elative
fanistani
faneistani
illative
faniini
faneihini
adessive
fanillani
faneillani
ablative
faniltani
faneiltani
allative
fanilleni
faneilleni
essive
faninani
faneinani
translative
fanikseni
faneikseni
abessive
fanittani
faneittani
instructive
comitative
—faneineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fanisi
fanisi
accusative
nom.
fanisi
fanisi
gen.
fanisi
genitive
fanisi
faniesi
partitive
faniasi
fanejasi
inessive
fanissasi
faneissasi
elative
fanistasi
faneistasi
illative
faniisi
faneihisi
adessive
fanillasi
faneillasi
ablative
faniltasi
faneiltasi
allative
fanillesi
faneillesi
essive
faninasi
faneinasi
translative
faniksesi
faneiksesi
abessive
fanittasi
faneittasi
instructive
comitative
—faneinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fanimme
fanimme
accusative
nom.
fanimme
fanimme
gen.
fanimme
genitive
fanimme
faniemme
partitive
faniamme
fanejamme
inessive
fanissamme
faneissamme
elative
fanistamme
faneistamme
illative
faniimme
faneihimme
adessive
fanillamme
faneillamme
ablative
faniltamme
faneiltamme
allative
fanillemme
faneillemme
essive
faninamme
faneinamme
translative
faniksemme
faneiksemme
abessive
fanittamme
faneittamme
instructive
comitative
—faneinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
faninne
faninne
accusative
nom.
faninne
faninne
gen.
faninne
genitive
faninne
fanienne
partitive
fanianne
fanejanne
inessive
fanissanne
faneissanne
elative
fanistanne
faneistanne
illative
faniinne
faneihinne
adessive
fanillanne
faneillanne
ablative
faniltanne
faneiltanne
allative
fanillenne
faneillenne
essive
faninanne
faneinanne
translative
faniksenne
faneiksenne
abessive
fanittanne
faneittanne
instructive
comitative
—faneinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
faninsa
faninsa
accusative
nom.
faninsa
faninsa
gen.
faninsa
genitive
faninsa
faniensa
partitive
faniaan faniansa
fanejaan fanejansa
inessive
fanissaan fanissansa
faneissaan faneissansa
elative
fanistaan fanistansa
faneistaan faneistansa
illative
faniinsa
faneihinsa
adessive
fanillaan fanillansa
faneillaan faneillansa
ablative
faniltaan faniltansa
faneiltaan faneiltansa
allative
fanilleen fanillensa
faneilleen faneillensa
essive
faninaan faninansa
faneinaan faneinansa
translative
fanikseen faniksensa
faneikseen faneiksensa
abessive
fanittaan fanittansa
faneittaan faneittansa
instructive
comitative
—faneineen faneinensa :

#### Synonyms

* fani

### Further reading

* “fan”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fan/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English fan, 1920s.

#### Noun

fan m or f by sense (plural fans)
* fan (admirer, supporter)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English fan.

#### Noun

fan f (plural fans)
* (North America) fan (ventilator)

### Further reading

* “fan”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin famēs.

### Noun

fan f
* hunger

#### Related terms

* famâ

## Galician
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English fan.

#### Noun

fan m or f by sense (plural fans)
* fan (admirer or aficionado)

##### Related terms

* fanático
* fanatismo

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

fan
* third-person plural present indicative of facer

### Further reading

* “fan”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Gothic
### Romanization

fan
* Romanization of 𐍆𐌰𐌽

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɒn]
* Hyphenation: fan

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *puna (“hair”). Possibly a doublet of pina.

#### Noun

fan (plural fanok)
* (obsolete) pubis
    Synonyms: (the region) szeméremtájék, (the bone) szeméremcsont, (mons pubis) szeméremdomb
* (obsolete) pubic hair
    Synonyms: szeméremszőrzet, fanszőrzet

##### Usage notes

Today it is used only in compounds.

##### Derived terms

* fanatlan
* fanos
* fanosodás
* fanosodik
* fancsont
* fanízület
* fanszőr
* fanszőrzet
* fantáj
* fantetű

### Etymology 2

From English fan.

#### Noun

fan (plural fanok)
* (neologism, colloquial) fan (a person who is fond of something or someone, especially an admirer of a performer or aficionado of a sport)
    Synonym: rajongó

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ Entry #811 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ fan in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* (pubis; admirer, aficionado): fan in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
* (pubis): fan , mostly redirecting to fanszőr in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“An Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (pubis): fan in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (“A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.
* (pubis): fan at A Pallas nagy lexikona, Pallas Irodalmi és Nyomdai Rt., Budapest, 1897
* (pubis): László Országh, Magyar–angol szótár (“Hungarian–English Dictionary”), Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1977

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English fan (“a person who is fond of something or someone”), clipping of fanatic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɛn]
* Hyphenation: fan

### Noun

fan (plural fan-fan)
* fan: a person who is fond of something or someone
    Synonyms: pengagum, penggemar
* fan device

#### Derived terms

* fan fiksi

#### Related terms

* fanatik
* fandom
* fanservis

### Further reading

* “fan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish fanaid, from Old Irish anaid (“to stay, remain, abide”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fˠanˠ/

### Verb

fan (present analytic fanann, future analytic fanfaidh, verbal noun fanacht, past participle fanta)
* to wait
* to stay

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | fanacht | fanacht | fanacht | fanacht | fanacht | fanacht | fanacht | fanacht |
| past participle | fanta | fanta | fanta | fanta | fanta | fanta | fanta | fanta |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | fanaim | fanann tú; fanair$^†$ | fanann sé, sí | fanaimid | fanann sibh | fanann siad; fanaid$^†$ | a fhanann; a fhanas / a bhfanann* | fantar |
| past | d'fhan mé; d'fhanas / fhan mé‡; fhanas‡ | d'fhan tú; d'fhanais / fhan tú; fhanais‡ | d'fhan sé, sí / fhan sé, sí‡ | d'fhanamar; d'fhan muid / fhanamar; fhan muid‡ | d'fhan sibh; d'fhanabhair / fhan sibh; fhanabhair‡ | d'fhan siad; d'fhanadar / fhan siad; fhanadar‡ | a d'fhan / ar fhan* | fanadh |
| past habitual | d'fhanainn / fhanainn‡; bhfanainn‡‡ | d'fhantá / fhantá‡; bhfantá‡‡ | d'fhanadh sé, sí / fhanadh sé, sí‡; bhfanadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'fhanaimis; d'fhanadh muid / fhanaimis; fhanadh muid‡; bhfanaimis‡‡; bhfanadh muid‡‡ | d'fhanadh sibh / fhanadh sibh‡; bhfanadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhanaidís; d'fhanadh siad / fhanaidís; fhanadh siad‡; bhfanaidís‡‡; bhfanadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhanadh / a bhfanadh* | d'fhantaí / fhantaí‡; bhfantaí‡‡ |
| future | fanfaidh mé; fanfad | fanfaidh tú; fanfair$^†$ | fanfaidh sé, sí | fanfaimid; fanfaidh muid | fanfaidh sibh | fanfaidh siad; fanfaid$^†$ | a fhanfaidh; a fhanfas / a bhfanfaidh* | fanfar |
| conditional | d'fhanfainn / fhanfainn‡; bhfanfainn‡‡ | d'fhanfá / fhanfá‡; bhfanfá‡‡ | d'fhanfadh sé, sí / fhanfadh sé, sí‡; bhfanfadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'fhanfaimis; d'fhanfadh muid / fhanfaimis‡; fhanfadh muid‡; bhfanfaimis‡‡; bhfanfadh muid‡‡ | d'fhanfadh sibh / fhanfadh sibh‡; bhfanfadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhanfaidís; d'fhanfadh siad / fhanfaidís‡; fhanfadh siad‡; bhfanfaidís‡‡; bhfanfadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhanfadh / a bhfanfadh* | d'fhanfaí / fhanfaí‡; bhfanfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go bhfana mé; go bhfanad$^†$ | go bhfana tú; go bhfanair$^†$ | go bhfana sé, sí | go bhfanaimid; go bhfana muid | go bhfana sibh | go bhfana siad; go bhfanaid$^†$ | — | go bhfantar |
| past | dá bhfanainn | dá bhfantá | dá bhfanadh sé, sí | dá bhfanaimis; dá bhfanadh muid | dá bhfanadh sibh | dá bhfanaidís; dá bhfanadh siad | — | dá bhfantaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | fanaim | fan | fanadh sé, sí | fanaimis | fanaigí; fanaidh$^†$ | fanaidís | — | fantar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Istriot
### Etymology

From Latin fāmes.

### Noun

fan
* hunger

## Italian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English fan.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfan/, /ˈfɛn/
* Rhymes: -an, -ɛn
* Hyphenation: fàn

#### Noun

fan m or f by sense (plural fans)
* fan (admirer or follower)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfan/
* Rhymes: -an
* Hyphenation: fàn

#### Verb

fan
* Apocopic form of fanno

### References

* ↑ fan in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Japanese
### Romanization

fan
* Rōmaji transcription of ファン

## Kanuri
### Verb

fàn+
* hear
* understand
* feel

## Mandarin
### Romanization

fan
* Nonstandard spelling of fān.
* Nonstandard spelling of fán.
* Nonstandard spelling of fǎn.
* Nonstandard spelling of fàn.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English fann, from Latin vannus. Forms in v- are due to a combination of Southern Middle English voicing of initial fricatives and influence from the ultimate Latin etymon.

#### Alternative forms

* fanne, ffanne, vanne

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fan/, /van/

#### Noun

fan (plural fannes)
* A mechanism or device for removing chaff from grain (i.e. winnowing).
* A training or practice shield manufactured out of twigs or wickerwork.
* (rare) A fan; a device for blowing air as to cool.

##### Descendants

* English: fan, van
* Scots: fan

##### References

* “fan(ne, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-12-31.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

fan
* Alternative form of fannen

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English fan, where it was a clipping of fanatic.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fæn/

#### Noun

fan m (definite singular fanen, indefinite plural fans, definite plural fanane)
* (countable) a fan (person who is fond of someone or something)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

fan m
* (swear word, in juxtapositions) Alternative form of faen
    Han er ein feig fan.He's a wimpy fucker.

### References

* “fan” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Occitan
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

fan
* third-person plural present indicative of faire

## Old Dutch
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *fanē.

#### Preposition

fan
* off, from

##### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: van
** Dutch: van
*** Afrikaans: van
*** Berbice Creole Dutch: fan
*** Javindo: fan
*** Jersey Dutch: vān, fān, f'n
*** Negerhollands: van, fan, fa
**** → Virgin Islands Creole: fam
*** Skepi Creole Dutch: fan
** Limburgish: ven

##### Further reading

* “fan”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *fą̄han.

#### Verb

fān
* to catch

##### Derived terms

* anafān
* antfān
* bifān

##### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: vâen
** Dutch: vangen
*** Afrikaans: vang
*** Berbice Creole Dutch: fanggi
*** Negerhollands: vang, faṅ
*** Skepi Creole Dutch: fank
*** → Aukan: fanga
*** → Sranan Tongo: fanga
**** → Caribbean Javanese: fangah, mangah
** Limburgish: vange

#### Further reading

* “fān”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old English
### Noun

fan f
* Alternative form of fann

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* fana, fon

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *afanē, *fanē, whence also Old High German fon.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɑn/

### Preposition

fan
* from
** Heliand, verse 2984-2985
    Thar imu tegėgnes quam ēn idis fan āðrom thiodun; siu was iru aðaligeburdeo...There towards him a woman came from another nation; she was of their noble-birth...

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: van, von
** Dutch Low Saxon: van
** German Low German: van, von, vun

#### References

Köbler, Gerhard, Altsächsisches Wörterbuch (5th edition 2014)

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English fan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfan/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: fan

### Noun

fan m pers (female equivalent fanka, related adjective fanowski)
* fan (person who is fond of something or someone, especially an admirer of a performer or aficionado of a sport)
    Synonyms: entuzjasta, wielbiciel, miłośnik, zapaleniec

#### Related terms

* fandom
* fanklub
* fanzin

### Further reading

* fan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* fan in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Rohingya
### Noun

fan
* betel leaf

## Romanian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English fan or French fan.

### Noun

fan m (plural fani)
* fan (admirer, supporter)

#### Declension
## Scots
### Conjunction

fan
* Doric Scots form of whan

### Adverb

fan (not comparable)
* Doric Scots form of whan

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish anaid, fanaid (“stays, remains, abides”).

### Verb

fan (past dh'fhan, future fanaidh, verbal noun fantail or fantainn or fanachd)
* stay, remain
* wait

#### Synonyms

* feith
* fuirich

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English fan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfan/ [ˈfãn]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: fan

### Noun

fan m or f by sense (plural fans or fanes)
* fan
    Synonyms: aficionado, admirador, entusiasta, fanático, hincha
    Ella es una gran fan tuya.She's a big fan of yours.

#### Derived terms

* club de fans
* fan de Cuties

### Verb

fan
* third-person plural present indicative of far

### Further reading

* “fan”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

Probably from Ewe ɸā́n (“clear, light”).

### Ideophone

fan
* Signifies whiteness

### References

* ↑ Norval Smith (2009) “A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, in P. Muysken, N. Smith, editors, Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page 465.

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

From Late Old Norse fendinn, perhaps from Old Frisian fandiand, present participle of fandia (“tempt”), from Proto-Germanic *fandōną (“seek, search for, examine”). Cognate with Danish fanden and Norwegian Bokmål faen.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /faːn/, /ˈfaːˌa(ː)n/
* Rhymes: -aːn
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

fan c
* the devil, Satan
    (Må) fan ta dig!(May) the devil take you! ("Fuck you!"/"Screw you!", usually without må)
* (offensive, vulgar) a bastard, a motherfucker
    Synonym: jävel
    Du var mig en jobbig fanYou're one annoying son of a bitch

##### Usage notes

Traditionally not capitalized.

##### References

* On capitalization, from TT

#### Interjection

fan
* (swear word, sometimes followed by också or preceded by va or vad) damn (referring to the devil)
    Fan (också)! Jag glömde nycklarna.Damn! I forgot my keys.
    (Va) fan!Damnit!
    Va fan?What the hell?
    Vad i självaste fan?What in the ever-loving hell? (Literally, "What in the very devil himself?")
    Det var då själva fan!Oh for fuck's sake! (Roughly, "It was the devil himself!")

#### Adverb

fan (not comparable)
* (swear word) A (positive or negative) intensifier.
    Fan vilken bra låt!Damn, what a great song!
    Fan vad trist att din katt dogHow bloody sad that your cat died (with a sincere tone)
    Det var fan på tiden!It's about bloody time!
    Vem fan är det där?Who the hell is that?
    Fan vad konstigtThat's bloody strange

##### Usage notes

* Closer to English fuck than damn in offensiveness.
* Often said with a doubly emphasized A for emphasis, like "fa-an."

##### Derived terms

* det var som fan
* det vete fan
* fan i mig
* fan och hans moster
* fanskap
* full i fan
* fy fan
* ge blanka fan
* ge fan (i)
* ge sig fan på
* inte fan
* måla fan på väggen
* nu är fan lös
* när fan blir gammal blir han religiös
* se på fan
* som fan
* så fan heller
* ta mig fan
* tacka fan för det
* tro fan det
* vad fan
* vafan
* visst fan

#### See also

* attans
* den lede (“the loathsome one (the devil)”) (euphemistic, noa-name)
* den onde (“the evil one (the devil)”) (euphemistic, noa-name)
* djävulen (“the devil”)
* fanken (“the devil”) (euphemistic)
* fasen (“the devil”) (euphemistic)
* fasiken (“the devil”) (euphemistic)
* helvete
* hin håle (“the devil”) (euphemistic, noa-name)
* hin onde (“the devil”) (euphemistic, noa-name)
* hin (“the devil”) (euphemistic, noa-name)
* jävla
* nedrans
* rackarns
* sablar
* satan
* skam (“shame (the devil)”) (euphemistic, noa-name)
* skit

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English fan, short for fanatic, related to the Swedish words fanatisk and fanatiker.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɛːn/
* Rhymes: -ɛːn
* Homophone: fän

#### Noun

fan c or n
* a fan (admirer)
    Jag är ett jättestort fan av saffransbullarI'm a huge fan of saffron buns

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Low German fan, used since 1772, closely related to Swedish fana (“flag”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɑːn/
* Rhymes: -ɑːn

#### Noun

fan n
* a vane, a web (part of the anatomy of a bird's feather)

##### Declension
### References

* fan in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* fan in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* fan in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Fula Ordboken

## Tboli
### Noun

fan
* bait

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فَنّ (fann).

### Noun

fan (plural fanlar)
* science

#### Synonyms

* ilm

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English fan.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [faːn˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [faːŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [faːŋ˧˧]
* Phonetic spelling: phan

### Noun

fan
* fan (admirer, aficionado)
    fan bóng đáfootball aficionados

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /van/
* Rhymes: -an

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English van.

#### Noun

fan f (plural faniau, not mutable)
* van

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

fan
* Soft mutation of man.

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

fan
* Soft mutation of ban.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “fan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## West Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian fon, from Proto-Germanic *fanē.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔn/

### Preposition

fan
* from
* of

#### Further reading

* “fan (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

## Yola
### Alternative forms

* van, phen

### Etymology

From Middle English wan, wen, from Old English hwonne, from Proto-West Germanic *hwannā.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fan/, /van/, /fɛn/

### Adverb

fan
* when
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:Zitch vaperreen, an shimmereen, fan ee-daff ee aar scoth!Such vapouring and glittering when stript in their shirts!
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 84:Zitch blakeen, an blayeen, fan ee ball was ee-drowe!Such bawling and shouting, when the ball was thrown!
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:Fan Cournug yate a rishp, an Treblere pit w'eeme.When Cournug gave a stroke, and Treblere put with him.
** 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:Dhicka die fan ich want to a mile.That day when I went to the mill.
** 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:Fan ich aam in this miseree.When I am in this misery.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 39