OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# antek
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦏ꧀ (anthèk, “helper; sycophant, yes-man”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈantɛk]
* Hyphenation: an‧tèk

### Noun

antèk (plural antek-antek)
* (colloquial) minion: a loyal servant of another, usually a more powerful being
    Synonyms: budak, kaki tangan

### Further reading

* “antek” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Polish
### Etymology

From Antek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈan.tɛk/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Bory Tucholskie) IPA: /ˈan.tɛk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -antɛk
* Syllabification: an‧tek
* Homophone: Antek

### Noun

antek m animal
* (regional, colloquial) imp, urchin (someone who acts inappropriately)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:urwis
* (Bory Tucholskie) settler from southern and eastern Poland

#### Declension
### Further reading

* antek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* antki in Słownik Gwary Borowiackiej
# antariksa
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अन्तरिक्ष (antarikṣa, “space”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [an.taˈrɪk.sa]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: an‧ta‧rik‧sa
* Rhymes: -sa, -a

### Noun

antariksa
* outer space, area beyond atmosphere of planets

### Further reading

* “antariksa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# antiansietas
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed ansietas +‎ anti-.

### Noun

antiansietas (plural antiansietas-antiansietas)
* (pharmacology, psychiatry) antianxiety
    Synonym: anticemas
    Synonym: antiresah (Standard Malay)
# antigenisitas
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed antigen +‎ -isitas.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /antiɡɛniˈsitas/ [an.t̪i.ɡɛn.iˈsi.t̪as]
* Rhymes: -itas
* Syllabification: an‧ti‧gen‧i‧si‧tas

### Noun

antigenisitas (plural antigenisitas-antigenisitas)
* (immunology) antigenicity
    Synonym: keantigenan

### Further reading

* Hadyana Pudjaatmaka, Susilowati (1987) Kamus Kimia: Biokimia [Dictionary of Chemistry: Biochemistry] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, page 18
# antisipasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch anticipatie, from French anticipation, from Latin anticipatio.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [antisiˈpasi]
* Hyphenation: an‧ti‧si‧pa‧si

### Noun

antisipasi (uncountable)
* anticipation: the act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order

#### Derived terms

* berantisipasi
* mengantisipasi
* mengantisipasikan
* pengantisipasian
* terantisipasi
* antisipasi depresi
* antisipasi kejadian

#### Descendants

* → Malay: antisipasi

### Further reading

* “antisipasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# antisosial
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English antisocial. Equivalent to anti- +‎ sosial.

### Noun

antisosial (plural antisosial-antisosial)
* (psychiatry, psychology) antisocial: opposed to social order or the principles of society; hostile toward society
* (colloquial) asocial: not social or sociable
    Synonym: asosial

### See also

* (slang) ansos

### Further reading

* “antisosial” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# antulawo
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Gorontalo [Term?]

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /an.tu.ˈla.wo/
* Rhymes: -wo, -o
* Hyphenation: an‧tu‧la‧wo

### Noun

antulawo (plural antulawo-antulawo)
* a type of ghost

### Further reading

* “antulawo” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# anudun
## Indonesian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ˈnu.dʊn/
* Rhymes: -dʊn, -ʊn, -n
* Hyphenation: a‧nu‧dun

### Noun

anudun (plural anudun-anudun)
* palm trees that have not bear fruit

### Further reading

* “anudun” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# anweizing
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch aanwijzing (“hint, indication”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /anweˈiziŋ/ [an.weˈi.zɪŋ]
* Rhymes: -iziŋ
* Syllabification: an‧we‧i‧zing

### Noun

anweizing
* (government) process tender which specifications are provided after procurement offer
* pre-bid meeting (of tender or auction)
    Synonyms: pemberian penjelasan, pemberian penjelasan pengadaan, penjelasan, penjelasan pengadaan, rapat pemberian penjelasan, indeks
* pre-bid meeting for confiscated goods auction
    Synonym: penjelasan lelang benda sitaan

### Further reading

* “anweizing” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# apati
## Danish
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀπάθεια (apátheia).

### Noun

apati c (singular definite apatien, not used in plural form)
* apathy
    Coordinate terms: sløvsind, anhedoni

#### Related terms

* apatisk

### References

* “apati” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch apathie, from French apathie, from Latin apathīa, from Ancient Greek ἀπάθεια (apátheia).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈapati]
* Hyphenation: apa‧ti

### Noun

apati (uncountable)
* apathy: lack of emotion or motivation; lack of interest or enthusiasm towards something; disinterest (in something)
    Synonym: masa bodoh
    Antonym: acuh

#### Derived terms

* apati pengamat

#### Related terms

* apatis

### Further reading

* “apati” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀπάθεια (apátheia).

### Noun

apati c
* apathy

#### Related terms

* apatisk

### References

* apati in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* apati in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* apati in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# apologetis
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch apologetisch.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.po.loˈɡe.tis/, [a.po.loˈɡe.t̪ɪs]

### Adjective

apologetis
* apologetic:
** having the character of apology; regretfully excusing
** defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense

#### Related terms

* apologet
* apologetika
* apologi
* apologia

### Further reading

* “apologetis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Verb

apologētis
* second-person plural present active subjunctive of apologō
# arababu
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Arabic الرَبَابَة (ar-rabāba). Doublet of rebab.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /araˈbabu/
* Hyphenation: ara‧ba‧bu

### Noun

arababu (uncountable)
* (music) rabab
    Synonym: rebab

### Further reading

* “arababu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ternate
### Etymology

From Indonesian arababu, from Arabic الرَبَابَة (ar-rabāba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a.ɾa.ˈba.bu]

### Noun

arababu
* rabab

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
# arbei
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch aardbei (“strawberry”, literally “earthberry”), from Middle Dutch erdbere, from Old Dutch *erdberi, from Proto-West Germanic *erþubaʀi, from Proto-Germanic *erþōbazją. Cognate of Afrikaans aarbei. Mostly replaced by stroberi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ar.bei̯/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ar‧bei

### Noun

arbéi (plural arbei-arbei)
* (dated) strawberry;
** the sweet, usually red, edible fruit of certain plants of the genus Fragaria
** the plant of this fruit

#### Synonyms

* stroberi

### Further reading

* “arbei” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# arhanudber
## Indonesian
### Noun

arhanudber (uncountable)
* short for artileri pertahanan udara berat (“heavy air defence artillery”).
# profitabel
## Danish
### Etymology

From profit +‎ -abel, from French profit.

### Adjective

profitabel (neuter profitabelt, plural and definite singular attributive profitable)
* profitable
    Synonyms: lukrativ, lønsom

#### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

### References

* “profitabel” in Den Danske Ordbog

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

profitabel (strong nominative masculine singular profitabler, comparative profitabler, superlative am profitabelsten)
* profitable

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “profitabel” in Duden online
# Arktika
## Estonian
### Proper noun

Arktika
* Arctic

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English Arctic, from Middle French artique (with -c- reintroduced after Latin in the 17th century), from Latin arcticus, from Ancient Greek ἀρκτικός (arktikós, “northern, of the (Great) Bear”), from ἄρκτος (árktos, “bear, Ursa Major”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ar(k)ˈtika]
* Hyphenation: Ark‧ti‧ka

### Noun

Arktika (uncountable)
* (geography) Arctic: The region of the Earth above the Arctic Circle, containing the North Pole

#### Alternative forms

* Artik (Johor-Riau)

### Further reading

* “Arktika” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# arsip utuh
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of arsip (“archive”) +‎ utuh (“whole”).

### Noun

arsip utuh (plural arsip-arsip utuh)
* (data management) archival integrity: the principle that records should be preserved in their entirety, without alteration, separation, or addition

### Further reading

* “arsip utuh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# artikula
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin articulus (“article”) (compare Spanish artículo, Italian articolo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ar.ti.ˈku.la/
* Rhymes: -la
* Hyphenation: ar‧ti‧ku‧la

### Noun

artikula (plural artikula-artikula)
* (grammar) article: part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English)
    Synonyms: artikel, kata sandang

#### Related terms

* artikel
* artikulasi

### Further reading

* “artikula” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# artropoda
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from New Latin Arthropoda, from Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “joint”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /artroˈpoda/
* Rhymes: -da, -a
* Hyphenation: ar‧tro‧po‧da

### Noun

artropoda (plural artropoda-artropoda)
* (zoology) arthropod: An invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and multiple jointed appendages

#### Alternative forms

* artropod (Johor-Riau)

### Further reading

* “artropoda” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# arupera
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Kur [Term?]

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ru.ˈpe.ra/
* Rhymes: -ra, -a
* Hyphenation: a‧ru‧pe‧ra

### Noun

arupera (plural arupera-arupera)
* traditional fever medicine made from the juice of the leaves of a wild plant that looks like a chili plant, but has thorns on its stem

### Further reading

* “arupera” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# arwah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay arwah, from Classical Malay ارواح (arwah), from Arabic أَرْوَاح (ʔarwāḥ), plural of رُوح (rūḥ). Doublet of roh.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈar.wah/
* Rhymes: -wah, -ah, -h
* Hyphenation: ar‧wah

### Noun

arwah (plural arwah-arwah)
* spirit, soul: the soul of dead human
    Synonyms: atma, hayat, jiwa, nyawa, roh
* (figurative) spirit
    Synonyms: jiwa, psike, semangat, spirit

#### Derived terms

* mengarwahkan
* arwah gentayangan
* arwah penasaran

### Further reading

* “arwah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# arwah penasaran
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈar.wah pə.na.ˈsar.an/

### Noun

arwah penasaran (plural arwah-arwah penasaran)
* curious spirit

### Further reading

* “arwah penasaran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# asam amino
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of asam +‎ amino, calque of Dutch aminozuur, from German Aminosäure.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈasam ˈamino/

### Noun

asam amino (uncountable)
* (biochemistry) amino acid
    Synonym: asid amino (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* asam amino antiketogenik
* asam amino aromatik
* asam amino asidik
* asam amino basa
* asam amino esensial
* asam amino glukogenik
* asam amino nonprotein
* asam amino pembatas
* asam amino rantai bercabang
* asam amino sulfur
* asam amino takesensial

### Further reading

* “asam amino” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# asam sulfat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of asam +‎ sulfat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈasam ˈsʊlfat/

### Noun

asam sulfat (uncountable)
* (chemistry) sulphuric acid

### Further reading

* “asam sulfat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# asdos
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈas.d̪ɔs]

### Noun

asdos (plural)
* (education) Acronym of asisten dosen (“assistant lecturer”).
# asil
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin asȳlum, from Ancient Greek ἄσυλον (ásulon).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əˈzil]
* IPA: (Valencia) [aˈzil]
* Rhymes: -il

### Noun

asil m (plural asils)
* shelter, refuge, asylum
    Synonym: refugi

#### Derived terms

* asilar
* sol·licitant d'asil

### Further reading

* “asil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “asil”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “asil” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “asil” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Iban
### Etymology

From Malay hasil, from Arabic حَاصِل (ḥāṣil, “end, conclusion; score, sum, total”).

### Noun

asil
* yield; product; result

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch asyl (current spelling asiel), from French asile, from Latin asȳlum, from Ancient Greek ἄσυλον (ásulon).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈasɪl]
* Hyphenation: asil

### Noun

asil (uncountable)
* asylum
** a place of safety or refuge
** a place of protection or restraint for one or more classes of the disadvantaged, especially the mentally ill
* granary

### Further reading

* “asil” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ladin
### Noun

asil m (plural [please provide])
* shelter, refuge, asylum

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اصیل (“rooted, sound, noble”), from Arabic أَصِيل (ʔaṣīl).

### Adjective

asil
* noble, aristocratic
* (government) properly appointed

### Noun

asil (definite accusative asili, plural asiller)
* (law) principal (person who authorizes an agent to act)

#### Related terms

* asıl

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “asil”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اصیل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 132
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Yogad
### Noun

asíl
* (anatomy) vulva
# asintel
## Indonesian
### Noun

asintel (uncountable)
* short for asisten intelijen (“intelligent assistant”).
# asistol
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English asystole.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ˈsɪs.tɔl/

### Noun

asistol (plural asistol-asistol)
* (cardiology, pathology) asystole
# aslesar
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Kur [Term?]

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /as.ˈle.sar/
* Rhymes: -sar, -ar, -r
* Hyphenation: as‧lé‧sar

### Noun

aslésar (plural aslesar-aslesar)
* food provided by the owner of the field for workers who are growing rice

### Further reading

* “aslesar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# askasdam
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /as.ˈkas.dam/

### Noun

askasdam (plural askasdam-askasdam)
* (military) Acronym of asisten kepala staf daerah militer.
# asor
## Chuukese
### Noun

asor
* sacrifice
* offering

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦱꦺꦴꦂ (asor, “low, inferior; lose”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈasor/ [ˈa.sor]
* Rhymes: -asor
* Syllabification: a‧sor

### Adjective

asor
* unlikely to win
* humble

### Further reading

* “asor” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

asor
* Romanization of ꦲꦱꦺꦴꦂ

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Affixed sor (“lower, inferior; to lose, be defeated, worsted; underneath, down; being lower”) +‎ a-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.sɔr/
* Rhymes: -sɔr
* Hyphenation: a‧sor

### Adjective

asor
* lower
* inferior
* lose
* down

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦲꦱꦺꦴꦂ (asor) (inherited)
** → Indonesian: asor

### Further reading

* "asor" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# aspal termodifikasi polimer
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of aspal (“asphalt”) +‎ termodifikasi (“modified”) +‎ polimer (“polymer”).

### Noun

aspal termodifikasi polimer (plural aspal-aspal termodifikasi polimer)
* (engineering) polymer-modified asphalt (PMA): a type of asphalt that's made by mixing asphalt with polymers to improve its performance
    Synonym: aspal polimer

### Further reading

* “aspal termodifikasi polimer” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# asrok
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese [Term?]

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈas.rɔk/
* Rhymes: -rɔk, -ɔk, -k
* Hyphenation: as‧rok

### Noun

asrok (plural asrok-asrok)
* a place to park a boat on the river bank

### Further reading

* “asrok” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# astana
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Persian آستانه.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑstɑˈna]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

astana (definite accusative astananı, plural astanalar)
* threshold (bottom-most part of a doorway)
    astananın ağzında durmaq ― to be around the corner, to be expected to happen soon, to be imminent
* rapid (turbulent flow section in a river)
    çay astanaları ― river rapids

#### Derived terms

* astanasında (“on the verge of”)

#### Descendants

* → Khalaj: astana

### Further reading

* “astana” in Obastan.com.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay astana from Sanskrit आस्थान (āsthāna). Doublet of istana.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /as.ta.na/
* Hyphenation: as‧ta‧na

### Noun

astana (plural astana-astana)
* palace

#### Alternative forms

* istana

### Further reading

* “astana” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

astana
* Romanization of ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠꦤ

## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | آستانه |

### Etymology

Borrowed from Azerbaijani astana, from Persian آستانه (âstâne)

### Pronunciation

* (Xarrâbî) IPA: [ˈastana]

### Noun

astana (definite accusative astanañ, plural astanalar)
* threshold

#### Declension
### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

## Malay
### Etymology

From Sanskrit आस्थान (āsthāna). Doublet of istana.

### Noun

astana (Jawi spelling استان, plural astana-astana, informal 1st possessive astanaku, 2nd possessive astanamu, 3rd possessive astananya)
* palace, castle

### References

* Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1994, →ISBN, page 16
* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “استان astana”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 7
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “استان astana or istana”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 13
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “astana”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 51
# astabrata
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* asta brata (KBBI Standard)

### Etymology

From Javanese ꦲꦱ꧀ꦛꦧꦿꦠ (asthabrata), from Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭa, “eight”) +‎ व्रत (vrata, “way, law”), equivalent to asta- +‎ brata.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈastaˈbrata]

### Noun

astabrata (uncountable)
* eight principles of Javanese leadership