# 苜蓿
## Chinese

* 苜蓿

### Etymology

Borrowed from a Central Asian language during the Han Dynasty (Laufer, 1967). Compare Tibetan བུག་སུག (bug sug, “alfalfa; bird's-foot trefoil”), Ladakhi [script needed] (bukhsukh, “Nepeta salviifolia, now Nepeta racemosa”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mùxu, mùsù
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ ˙ㄒㄩ, ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄨˋ
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): můqsůq
* Cantonese (Jyutping): muk$^6$ suk$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k-siok
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mùxu
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ˙ㄒㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mùsyů
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^4$-hsü$^5$
*** Yale: mù-syu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh.shiu
*** Palladius: мусюй (musjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵¹ ɕy¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, common variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mùsù
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mùsù
*** Wade–Giles: mu$^4$-su$^4$
*** Yale: mù-sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muhsuh
*** Palladius: мусу (musu)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: můqsůq
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): muq$^5$ suq$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /muʔ⁵⁻³ suʔ⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: muk$^6$ suk$^1$
*** Yale: muhk sūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: muk$^9$ suk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mug$^6$ sug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mʊk̚² sʊk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k-siok
*** Tâi-lô: bo̍k-siok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bogsiog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴⁻² siɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɔk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: mjuwk sjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 苜 | 蓿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 莫六切 | 息逐切 |
| Baxter | mjuwk | sjuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨuk̚/ | /sɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miuk̚/ | /siuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuk̚/ | /siuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muwk̚/ | /suwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /miuk̚/ | /siuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭuk̚/ | /sĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯uk̚/ | /si̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mù | su |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | muk$^6$ | suk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*muɡ suɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 苜 | 蓿 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9334 | 12106 |
| Phonetic component | 目 | 宿 |
| Rime group | 覺 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 目 | 肅 |
| Old Chinese | /*muɡ/ | /*suɡ/ |
| Notes | 見史記 | 見史記，漢書作宿 |

### Noun

苜蓿
* Medicago (a genus of flowering plants including alfalfa)

#### Synonyms

* (chiefly Wu, colloquial) 草頭／草头 (cǎotóu)
* (Northern Wu) 金花菜

#### Derived terms

* 南苜蓿
* 紫花苜蓿
* 苜蓿盤空 / 苜蓿盘空
* 苜蓿長欄干 / 苜蓿长栏干
* 苜蓿風味 / 苜蓿风味
* 黃花苜蓿 / 黄花苜蓿

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 苜蓿(もくしゅく) (mokushuku)
* → Korean: 목숙(苜蓿) (moksuk)
* → Vietnamese: mục túc (苜蓿)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 苜 | 蓿 |
| もく Hyōgai | しゅく Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mo̞kɯ̟ɕɨkɯ̟]

### Noun

苜(もく)蓿(しゅく) • (mokushuku)
* Medicago polymorpha