OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# bordes
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈbor.dəs]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈboɾ.ðes]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

bordes
* plural of borda (“female illegitimate child”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

bordes
* plural of borda (“cabin”)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

bordes
* (nautical) plural of borda (“gunwale”)

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

bordes
* second-person singular present indicative of bordar

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch bordessche. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔrˈdɛs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bor‧des
* Rhymes: -ɛs

### Noun

bordes n (plural bordessen, diminutive bordesje n)
* a raised platform, often with a flight of steps, that lead into a building
* an intermediate platform between flights of stairs, which normally involves a change in direction; a landing
    Synonym: (Belgium) palier
* a balcony (open or roofed), porch or lean-to
** 1960, Peter Koelewijn, "Kom van dat dak af", Peter en zijn Rockets, Kom van dat dak af.
    Jan Janssen z'n vrouw was een koordanseres, / maar bij gebrek aan een touw klom ze op het bordes.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* bordesfoto

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: bordes
* → Indonesian: bordès
* → Papiamentu: bordèshi (from the diminutive)

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

bordes
* second-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of border

### Anagrams

* brodes, brodés

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch bordes, from Middle Dutch bordessche, from Old French bretesche, bretesque (Modern French bretèche), from Medieval Latin bretescha, bretachia, brateschia, britasca.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɔrdɛs]
* Hyphenation: bor‧dès
* Rhymes: -des, -es, -s

### Noun

bordès (plural bordes-bordes)
* a raised platform, often with a flight of steps, that lead into a building
* landing: an intermediate platform between flights of stairs, which normally involves a change in direction

### Further reading

* “bordes” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Middle English
### Noun

bordes
* plural of bord

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbor.des/, [ˈborˠ.des]

### Noun

bordes
* genitive singular of bord

## Portuguese
### Verb

bordes
* second-person singular present subjunctive of bordar

## Spanish
### Adjective

bordes m pl or f pl
* plural of borde

### Noun

bordes m pl
* plural of borde

### Verb

bordes
* second-person singular present subjunctive of bordar
# botulisme
## Danish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Botulismus.

### Noun

botulisme c (singular definite botulismen, not used in plural form)
* (pathology) botulism
    Synonym: pølseforgiftning

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “botulisme” in Den Danske Ordbog

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Botulismus, a compound of Latin botulus (“sausage”) and the suffix -ismus.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

botulisme m (plural botulismes)
* botulism

#### Related terms

* boyau
* boudin

### Further reading

* “botulisme”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch botulisme, from French botulisme, from German Botulismus, a compound of Latin botulus (“sausage”) and the suffix -ismus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [botuˈlɪsmə]
* Hyphenation: bo‧tu‧lis‧mê
* Rhymes: -me, -e

### Noun

botulismê (plural botulisme-botulisme)
* (pathology) botulism

### Further reading

* “botulisme” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# budi daya
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From compound budi +‎ daya.

### Noun

budi daya (plural budi-budi daya)
* cultivation

#### Derived terms

* budi dayaan
* membudidayakan
* pembudi daya
* pembudidayaan
* budi daya campur (ikan)
* budi daya dalam reservoar
* budi daya ekstensif
* budi daya gantung
* budi daya ikan
* budi daya intensif
* budi daya sangkar
* budi daya silo
* budi daya subsistem
* budi daya tali
* budi daya tunggal (ikan)

### Further reading

* “budi daya” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# bufet
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [buˈfɛt]
* IPA: (Balearic) [buˈfət]
* IPA: (Valencia) [buˈfet]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French buffet.

#### Noun

bufet m (plural bufets)
* sideboard
* buffet
* office (of an attorney)

### Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic, from buff- +‎ -et (diminutive).

#### Noun

bufet m (plural bufets)
* (archaic or dialectal) slap on the cheek

### Further reading

* “bufet” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Crimean Tatar
### Noun

bufet
* buffet, cafeteria.

#### Declension
### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch buffet, from French buffet, from Middle French bufet, from Old French bufet, of uncertain origin; possibly a Celtic borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbufɛt̚]
* Hyphenation: bu‧fèt

### Noun

bufèt (plural bufet-bufet)
* buffet:
** a counter or sideboard from which food and drinks are served or may be bought
** (cooking) food laid out in this way, to which diners serve themselves
    Synonym: prasmanan

#### Alternative forms

* bupet

### Further reading

* “bufet” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From English buffet.

### Noun

bufet (Jawi spelling بوفيت, plural bufet-bufet, informal 1st possessive bufetku, 2nd possessive bufetmu, 3rd possessive bufetnya)
* buffet

### Further reading

* “bufet” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French buffet, from Middle French bufet, from Old French bufet.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbu.fɛt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ufɛt
* Syllabification: bu‧fet

### Noun

bufet m inan (diminutive bufecik, related adjective bufetowy)
* bar, buffet, counter (place from where food and drinks are bought and served)
* buffet, spread (meal laid out on a table or counter)

#### Derived terms

* bufeciarz
* bufetowa
* bufetowy

### Further reading

* bufet in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bufet in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French buffet.

### Noun

bufet n (plural bufete)
* sideboard, dresser (a piece of furniture)

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Noun

bufet m (plural bufetes)
* Alternative spelling of buffet

### Further reading

* “bufet”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# buletin
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay buletin from Dutch bulletin, from French bulletin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [buləˈtɪn]
* Hyphenation: bu‧lê‧tin
* Rhymes: -tɪn, -ɪn, -n

### Noun

bulêtin (plural buletin-buletin)
* bulletin

#### Derived terms

* buletin ramalan

### Further reading

* “buletin” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Dutch bulletin, from French bulletin.

### Noun

buletin (Jawi spelling بولتين, plural buletin-buletin, informal 1st possessive buletinku, 2nd possessive buletinmu, 3rd possessive buletinnya)
* bulletin

### References

* ↑ Kwik Khing Djoen (1923) Kitab Vortaro: Segala Perkatahan-Perkatahan Asing Jang Soeda Oemoem Di Goena Ken Di Dalem Soerat-Soerat Kabar Melayoe, Batavia: Sin Po, page 57

### Further reading

* “buletin” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French bulletin.

### Noun

buletin n (plural buletine)
* bulletin
* ID card
# bumbung
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay bumbung.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbum.buŋ/, [ˈbum.bʊŋ]
* Hyphenation: bum‧bung

### Noun

bumbung (plural bumbung-bumbung)
* bamboo tube
* (archaic) vessel

### Further reading

* “bumbung” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* بومبوڠ

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /bumboŋ/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /bumbʊŋ/
* Rhymes: -umboŋ, -boŋ, -oŋ

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bubuŋ (“ridge of a roof”). Compare Tagalog bubóng (“roof”).

#### Noun

bumbung (Jawi spelling بومبوڠ, plural bumbung-bumbung, informal 1st possessive bumbungku, 2nd possessive bumbungmu, 3rd possessive bumbungnya)
* roof (the cover at the top of a building)

##### Synonyms

* atap / اتڤ

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

bumbung (Jawi spelling بومبوڠ, plural bumbung-bumbung, informal 1st possessive bumbungku, 2nd possessive bumbungmu, 3rd possessive bumbungnya)
* bamboo tube; vessel

### References

* “bumbung” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# bunga matahari
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of bunga (“flower”) +‎ matahari (“sun”), inherited from Malay bunga matahari.

### Noun

bunga matahari (plural bunga-bunga matahari)
* sunflower

### Further reading

* “bunga matahari” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Noun

bunga matahari (plural bunga-bunga matahari, informal 1st possessive bunga matahariku, 2nd possessive bunga mataharimu, 3rd possessive bunga mataharinya)
* sunflower

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: bunga matahari

### Further reading

* “bunga matahari” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# cacing benang
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of cacing +‎ benang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃat͡ʃɪŋ bəˈnaŋ]

### Noun

cacing benang (plural cacing-cacing benang)
* (colloquial, pathology) filariasis
    Synonym: filariasis

### Further reading

* “cacing benang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# cakwe
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* cahkwe
* cakoi (Malaysia)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Hokkien 油炸粿 (iû-chā-kóe). Compare Malay cakoi, Cebuano siyakoy, Tagalog siyakoy.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /t͡ʃaˈkwə/ [t͡ʃaˈkwə]
* Rhymes: -ə
* Syllabification: ca‧kwe

### Noun

cakwe (plural cakwe-cakwe)
* (cooking) youtiao (a type of Chinese long deep-fried dough pastry fritter, usually salty and savory, often eaten with congee or coffee)

### Further reading

* “cakwe” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# candradimuka
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Probably from Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra, “moon, excellent”) and मुख (mukha, “mouth, face, appearance”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃand̪rad̪iˈmuka]
* Hyphenation: can‧dra‧di‧mu‧ka

### Noun

candradimuka (plural candradimuka-candradimuka)
* (archaic) a place (crater) in heaven
* (figurative) a place for self-cultivation

### Further reading

* “candradimuka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# chauvinisme
## Danish
### Noun

chauvinisme c (singular definite chauvinismen, not used in plural form)
* chauvinism

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “chauvinisme” in Den Danske Ordbog

## French
### Etymology

From Chauvin (the surname of Nicolas Chauvin, a legendary and excessively patriotic soldier of the French First Republic) + -isme.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃo.vi.nism/ ~ /ʃo.vi.nizm/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

chauvinisme m (plural chauvinismes)
* chauvinism

#### Related terms

* chauviniste

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 沙文主義 / 沙文主义 (shāwén zhǔyì)
* → Danish: chauvinisme
* → Dutch: chauvinisme
* → English: chauvinism
* → German: Chauvinismus
* → Greek: σοβινισμός (sovinismós)
* → Polish: szowinizm
* → Russian: шовини́зм (šovinízm)
* → Swedish: chauvinism
* → Turkish: şovenizm

### Further reading

* “chauvinisme”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Noun

chauvinisme (plural chauvinisme-chauvinisme)
* Alternative spelling of sauvinisme (“chauvinism”)
# cokelat mahoni
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of cokelat (“brown”) +‎ mahoni (“mahogany”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /co.kə.ˈlat ma.ˈho.ni/

### Noun

cokelat mahoni (plural cokelat-cokelat mahoni)
* mahogany: a reddish-brown color, like that of mahogany wood
    cokelat mahoni:

### Further reading

* Pusat Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (1984) Daftar Istilah Warna [Colour Terms List] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia
# ἀμάρα
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aː.má.raː/ → /aˈma.ra/ → /aˈma.ra/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /aː.má.raː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /aˈma.ra/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /aˈma.ra/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /aˈma.ra/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /aˈma.ra/

#### Noun

ἀ̄μᾰ́ρᾱ • (āmắrā) f (genitive ἀ̄μᾰ́ρᾱς); first declension
* Alternative form of ἡμέρα (hēméra)

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

Formerly connected with ἄμη (ámē, “shovel”) in the meaning of "digging out", which is improbable. Others considered a relationship with Hittite [script needed] (amii̯ar-, “canal”), but note that the words only have initial am- in common. The word could belong to the Greek-Anatolian substrate. A third option is connection with Albanian amë (“riverbed, source”) and river names like Amantia, Amana, Amara. According to Beekes, this comparison is formally better than that with Hittite.

### Alternative forms

* ἀμάρη (amárē) — Ionic

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.má.raː/ → /aˈma.ra/ → /aˈma.ra/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /a.má.raː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /aˈma.ra/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /aˈma.ra/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /aˈma.ra/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /aˈma.ra/

#### Noun

ἀμᾰ́ρᾱ • (amắrā) f (genitive ἀμᾰ́ρᾱς); first declension
* trench, conduit, channel, for watering meadows
* hollow of the ear

##### Inflection
### Further reading

* “ἀμάρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ἀμάρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἀμάρα in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
# coipan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Chinese Hakka 菜粄.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃoi̯pan]
* Hyphenation: coi‧pan

### Noun

coipan (plural coipan-coipan)
* (cooking) a kind of dumpling
    Synonym: caikue

### Further reading

* “coipan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# curek
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦕꦸꦉꦏ꧀ (curek).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃurəʔ]
* Hyphenation: cu‧rêk

### Noun

curek (plural curek-curek)
* earwax
    Synonym: kotoran telinga

### Further reading

* “curek” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Heuschrecke
## German
### Alternative forms

* Heuschreck (Austria, Switzerland)

### Etymology

From Middle High German höuschrecke, from Old High German houwiscrecko. Analysable as Heu (“hay”) +‎ schrecken (“to jump up”). Originally a masculine that developed into a feminine under the influence of the frequently used plural (a common development in modern German); compare the southern alternative form.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɔʏ̯ˌʃrɛkə/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛkə

### Noun

Heuschrecke f (genitive Heuschrecke, plural Heuschrecken)
* An orthopteran, chiefly a grasshopper or bush-cricket
    Synonyms: (informal) Grashüpfer, Heupferd
* (colloquial, derogatory) an investor who buys enterprises or properties and deals with them in a way that harms the local population
** (especially East Germany, historical) an investor from West Germany who did this in the former GDR, exploiting the chaos following German reunification

#### Hyponyms

* Blattheuschrecke
* Blauflügelige Ödlandschrecke
* Feldheuschrecke
* Gespenstheuschrecke
* Laubheuschrecke
* Stabheuschrecke
* Wanderheuschrecke
* Wüstenheuschrecke

#### Related terms

* Schrecke
* Heuschreckenfraß, Heuschreckenplage, Heuschreckenschwarm
* Heuschreckenkapitalismus

### Further reading

* “Heuschrecke” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Heuschrecke” in Duden online
# Gemengelage
## German
### Etymology

Gemenge +‎ Lage

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡəˈmɛŋəˌlaːɡə/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Gemengelage f (genitive Gemengelage, plural Gemengelagen)
* (obsolete) fields or properties belonging to the same owner that are scattered and spread out instead of continuous
* (uncommon, urban studies) mixed-use neighborhood (a built-up area of mixed residential and commercial use, especially in the context of e.g noise control ordinance)
* (figurative, formal) murky situation, snarl, mess (an unclear situation characterized by multiple conflicting or compounding needs, motivations or developments)
** 2020 April 28, Martin Spiewak, “Zu Hause lernen bleibt die Norm”, in Die Zeit‎:Angesichts dieser Gemengelage von sich widersprechenden pädagogischen, infektiologischen, architektonischen (kleine Klassenräume, olle Toiletten), gesundheitlichen (angeblich gehört ein Drittel der Lehrer zur Risikogruppe), sozialen (Schüler ohne Computer) Argumenten einen genauen Fahrplan für die stufenweise Rückkehr zur Unterrichtsnormalität zu formulieren, ist eine Herausforderung, an der die Kultusminister nur scheitern konnten.In light of this mess of contradictory pedagogical, infectiological, architectural (small classrooms, shabby toilets), medical (one third of teachers supposedly at high risk}, social (students without computer access) arguments, developing a specific timeline for a gradual return to regular teaching is a challenge that the ministers of education had no hope of succeeding at.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Gemengelage” in Duden online
* “Gemengelage” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# منڈی
## Pahari-Potwari
### Noun

مَنْڈی (manḍī)
* market

## Punjabi
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /məɳ.ɖiː/
* Rhymes: -iː

### Noun

مَنْڈی • (manḍī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮੰਡੀ)
* market, souq
    Synonym: بازار (bāzār)
* (by extension) cattle fair

#### Descendants

* → Punjabi: منڈی (manḍī)

### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “منڈی”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* “منڈی”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
# ammassak
## Greenlandic
### Etymology

From Proto-Inuit *aŋmaɣ-raɣ (“small fish”). Cognate with Inupiaq aämaksraq (“rainbow smelt”) and Inuinnaqtun angmagiaq (“capelin”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /am.mas.sak/

### Noun

ammassak (plural ammassaat)
* capelin (Mallotus villosus)

#### Declension
### References

* ammassak in Katersat
* “ammassak“ in iserasuaat.gl
# pembiasan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixation of bias +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pəmbiˈasan/ [pəm.biˈa.san]
* Rhymes: -asan
* Syllabification: pem‧bi‧a‧san

### Noun

pembiasan (plural pembiasan-pembiasan)
* (optics) refraction
    Synonym: refraksi

#### Related terms

{{col4|id| | pembiasan cahaya

### Further reading

* “pembiasan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pembiasan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixation of bias +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pəmbiˈasan/ [pəm.biˈa.san]
* Rhymes: -asan
* Syllabification: pem‧bi‧a‧san

### Noun

pembiasan (plural pembiasan-pembiasan)
* (optics) refraction
    Synonym: refraksi

#### Related terms

* pembiasan cahaya

### Further reading

* “pembiasan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dygdighet
## Swedish
### Etymology

From dygdig (“virtous”) +‎ -het (“-ness”)

### Noun

dygdighet c
* virtuousness

#### Further reading

* dygdighet in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* dygdighet in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# dygdighet
## Swedish
### Etymology

From dygdig (“virtuous”) +‎ -het (“-ness”)

### Noun

dygdighet c
* virtuousness

#### Further reading

* dygdighet in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* dygdighet in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# ukioq
## Greenlandic
### Alternative forms

* ukioĸ (superseded)

### Etymology

From Proto-Inuit *ukiu- (“winter, autumn, year, spend the winter”), from Proto-Eskimo *ukju(r) (“winter, autumn, year”). Compare ukiaq (“autumn”), and ukiivoq (“spends the winter”). Cognate to Inuktitut ᐅᑭᐅᖅ (okioq), Inupiaq ukiuq.

### Pronunciation

* (Nuuk) IPA: /ukiuq/, [u.kɪ.ɔq]

### Noun

ukioq (plural ukiut)
* winter
** 1982 August 4, “Qalasersuaq kujalleq Ammassalimmut nuunneqarallartoq”, in Atuagagdliutit / Grønlandsposten:Inuit BBC-meersut marloriarlutik Ammassalimmiissimapuut.siullermik martsimi, tassa taamani ukiup sikuani aalaakkammi filmiisoqarsimavoq.The people from BBC have been in Ammassalik twice. The first time in March, where they filmed on winter's firm ice on the water [i.e., the ice that is not frozen year-round].
* year, age
** 1992, “Meeqqakka”, in Atuagagdliutit/Grønlandsposten:Nuliaralu siullermik ernertaarpugut, ukiut marluk qaangiummata panmissaarluta, sulilu ukiut marluk qaangiuteqqimmata panissaaqqilluta.My wife and I first had a son, two years later a daughter, and another two years after that, another daughter.

#### Derived terms

* ukioqarpoq (“to be X years old”)

### References

* ukioq in Katersat
* “ukioq“ in iserasuaat.gl
# balou
## Catalan
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [bəˈlɔw]
* IPA: (Valencia) [baˈlɔw]

### Noun

balou m (plural balous)
* (nautical) hatch
    Synonym: copinya

### Further reading

* “balou”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “balou” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “balou” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Portuguese
### Verb

balou
* third-person singular preterite indicative of balar
# Massimi
## Italian
### Etymology

Patronymic surname from the personal name Massimo.

### Proper noun

Massimi m or f by sense
* a surname originating as a patronymic

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025