# ajak
## English
### Alternative forms

* ajag, adjag

### Etymology

From Indonesian ajak, from Malay ajak.

### Noun

ajak (plural ajaks)
* (Indonesia) The dhole (Cuon alpinus).
** 1991, Bill Dalton, Indonesia Handbook, page 374:Indonesia where the ajak, the handsome, rufous, bushy-tailed wild dog (a subspecies of the Indian dhole) still thrives.
** 2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 7:They didn't want the hogs to die, because they would later throw them into battle with the ajaks, in a public spectacle at the end of the hunting season.

## Greenlandic
### Pronunciation

* (Nuuk) IPA: /ajak/, [a.jək]

### Noun

ajak (plural ajaat)
* Alternative form of aja

#### References

* ajak in Katersat

## Hungarian
### Alternative forms

* ajk (archaic, literary)

### Etymology

From the obsolete aj (“valley; opening”) +‎ -k (“diminutive suffix”), from Proto-Uralic *aŋe (“opening, incision, deepening”). Alternatively, possible cognate of Yakut айах (ayaq, “mouth”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɒjɒk]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ajak
* Rhymes: -ɒk

### Noun

ajak (plural ajkak)
* (anatomy) lip (either of the two fleshy protrusions around the opening of the mouth)
** 1825, Mihály Vörösmarty, Zalán futása, canto 1, lines 5–6, translation by Watson Kirkconnell and Adam Makkai:
    Hol vagyon, aki merész ajakát hadi dalnak eresztvén, / A riadó vak mélységet fölverje szavával, […]Where is the one who, with lips all bold, could thunder a war-song / rousing the gloom of the deep and unsighty abysses, […]
* (anatomy) labium (one of the two pairs of folds of skin either side of the vulva)

#### Derived terms

* ajakos
* ajkú
(Compound words):
* ajakbalzsam
* ajakír
* ajakrúzs

### References

* ↑ Entry #17 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
* ↑ ajak in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
* ↑ ajak in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ Martti Räsänen (1969) Versuch Eines Etymologischen Wörterbuch der Türksprachen, page 11

### Further reading

* ajak in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* ajak in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈad͡ʒaʔ/ [ˈa.d͡ʒaʔ]
* Rhymes: -ad͡ʒaʔ
* Syllabification: a‧jak

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay ajak, from Proto-Malayic *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

#### Verb

ajak (active mengajak, passive diajak)
* to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)

#### Conjugation

$^1$ The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

#### Derived terms

* ajakan (“invitation”)
* pengajak (“inviter”)
* terajak (“invited”)

### Etymology 2

From Malay ajak.

#### Noun

ajak (plural ajak-ajak)
* dhole (Cuon alpinus)
    Synonym: anjing ajak

##### Derived terms

* anjing ajak

##### Descendants

* → English: ajak

### Etymology 3

From Minangkabau.

#### Adjective

ajak
* (dialectal) Synonym of mirip (“similar”)

##### Derived terms

* (dialectal) ajakkan (“to consider; to exemplify”)

### Etymology 4

From Banjarese.

#### Adjective

ajak
* (dialectal) Synonym of kalah (“defeated”)

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from Osing.

#### Verb

ajak
* (dialectal) to be tamed

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*azak”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Further reading

* “ajak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *adak.

### Noun

ajak
* foot, leg

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ajak”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Kott
### Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaj(a)k (˜x-,-g).

### Noun

ajak
* thunder

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ad͡ʒaʔ/
* Rhymes: -ad͡ʒaʔ

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

#### Noun

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق, plural ajak-ajak, informal 1st possessive ajakku, 2nd possessive ajakmu, 3rd possessive ajaknya)
* invitation

#### Verb

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق)
* to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

#### Noun

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق, plural ajak-ajak, informal 1st possessive ajakku, 2nd possessive ajakmu, 3rd possessive ajaknya)
* dhole

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: ajak
** → English: ajak

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*azak”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Sundanese
### Etymology

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

### Verb

ajak (Sundanese script ᮃᮏᮊ᮪)
* to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*azak”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI