# tempura
## English
### Alternative forms

* tenpura

### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 天(てん)麩(ぷ)羅(ら) (tenpura), from Portuguese, ultimately from Latin. Different dictionaries link two different original terms:
* Portuguese tempero (“seasoning”) or tempera (“he/she/it seasons; season!”), third-person present singular or imperative tense of temperar (“to season, to temper”), from Latin temperare (“to mix, to temper”).
* Portuguese têmpora (“Ember days”), from Latin tempora, plural of tempus (“time; period”). When Portuguese explorers (mostly Jesuit missionaries) arrived in Japan, they abstained from eating beef, pork, and poultry during the Ember days, a Catholic series of holidays. Instead, they ate fried vegetables and fish. This was the first contact of the Japanese with fried food, and since then they began associating the Portuguese word têmpora (which they pronounced tenpura) with such food.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈtɛmpʊɹə/
* (US) IPA: /tɛmˈpu.ɹə/, /tɛmˈpɚ.ə/
* Rhymes: -ʊəɹə

### Noun

tempura (countable and uncountable, plural tempuras)
* A Japanese dish made by deep-frying vegetables, seafood, or other foods in a light batter.
    Hypernym: fritter

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Possibly from Spanish tempura (“breaded or battered like (Japanese) tempura”), from Japanese 天麩羅(てんぷら) (tenpura), from Portuguese, from Latin.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: tem‧pu‧ra
* IPA: /temˈpuɾa/ [t̪emˈpu.ɾ̪ɐ]

### Noun

tempura
* (colloquial) kikiam (deep fried elongated beancurd roll over meat (usually ground pork) and vegetables, served as a streetfood snack)

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Japanese 天麩羅 (てんぷら, tenpura).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtempurɑ/, [ˈt̪e̞mpurɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -empurɑ
* Hyphenation: tem‧pu‧ra

### Noun

tempura
* tempura

#### Declension

Possessive forms of tempura (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tempurani
tempurani
accusative
nom.
tempurani
tempurani
gen.
tempurani
genitive
tempurani
tempuroideni tempuroitteni tempuraini $^{rare}$
partitive
tempuraani
tempuroitani
inessive
tempurassani
tempuroissani
elative
tempurastani
tempuroistani
illative
tempuraani
tempuroihini
adessive
tempurallani
tempuroillani
ablative
tempuraltani
tempuroiltani
allative
tempuralleni
tempuroilleni
essive
tempuranani
tempuroinani
translative
tempurakseni
tempuroikseni
abessive
tempurattani
tempuroittani
instructive
comitative
—tempuroineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tempurasi
tempurasi
accusative
nom.
tempurasi
tempurasi
gen.
tempurasi
genitive
tempurasi
tempuroidesi tempuroittesi tempuraisi $^{rare}$
partitive
tempuraasi
tempuroitasi
inessive
tempurassasi
tempuroissasi
elative
tempurastasi
tempuroistasi
illative
tempuraasi
tempuroihisi
adessive
tempurallasi
tempuroillasi
ablative
tempuraltasi
tempuroiltasi
allative
tempurallesi
tempuroillesi
essive
tempuranasi
tempuroinasi
translative
tempuraksesi
tempuroiksesi
abessive
tempurattasi
tempuroittasi
instructive
comitative
—tempuroinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tempuramme
tempuramme
accusative
nom.
tempuramme
tempuramme
gen.
tempuramme
genitive
tempuramme
tempuroidemme tempuroittemme tempuraimme $^{rare}$
partitive
tempuraamme
tempuroitamme
inessive
tempurassamme
tempuroissamme
elative
tempurastamme
tempuroistamme
illative
tempuraamme
tempuroihimme
adessive
tempurallamme
tempuroillamme
ablative
tempuraltamme
tempuroiltamme
allative
tempurallemme
tempuroillemme
essive
tempuranamme
tempuroinamme
translative
tempuraksemme
tempuroiksemme
abessive
tempurattamme
tempuroittamme
instructive
comitative
—tempuroinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tempuranne
tempuranne
accusative
nom.
tempuranne
tempuranne
gen.
tempuranne
genitive
tempuranne
tempuroidenne tempuroittenne tempurainne $^{rare}$
partitive
tempuraanne
tempuroitanne
inessive
tempurassanne
tempuroissanne
elative
tempurastanne
tempuroistanne
illative
tempuraanne
tempuroihinne
adessive
tempurallanne
tempuroillanne
ablative
tempuraltanne
tempuroiltanne
allative
tempurallenne
tempuroillenne
essive
tempurananne
tempuroinanne
translative
tempuraksenne
tempuroiksenne
abessive
tempurattanne
tempuroittanne
instructive
comitative
—tempuroinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tempuransa
tempuransa
accusative
nom.
tempuransa
tempuransa
gen.
tempuransa
genitive
tempuransa
tempuroidensa tempuroittensa tempurainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
tempuraansa
tempuroitaan tempuroitansa
inessive
tempurassaan tempurassansa
tempuroissaan tempuroissansa
elative
tempurastaan tempurastansa
tempuroistaan tempuroistansa
illative
tempuraansa
tempuroihinsa
adessive
tempurallaan tempurallansa
tempuroillaan tempuroillansa
ablative
tempuraltaan tempuraltansa
tempuroiltaan tempuroiltansa
allative
tempuralleen tempurallensa
tempuroilleen tempuroillensa
essive
tempuranaan tempuranansa
tempuroinaan tempuroinansa
translative
tempurakseen tempuraksensa
tempuroikseen tempuroiksensa
abessive
tempurattaan tempurattansa
tempuroittaan tempuroittansa
instructive
comitative
—tempuroineen tempuroinensa :

### Further reading

* “tempura”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 天麩羅 (てんぷら, tenpura), from Portuguese, ultimately from Latin. Different dictionaries link two different original terms:
* Portuguese tempero (“seasoning”) or tempera (“he/she/it seasons; season!”), third-person present singular or imperative tense of temperar (“to season, to temper”), from Latin temperare (“to mix, to temper”).
* Portuguese têmpora (“Ember days”), from Latin tempora, plural of tempus (“time; period”). When Portuguese explorers (mostly Jesuit missionaries) arrived in Japan, they abstained from eating beef, pork, and poultry during the Ember days, a Catholic series of holidays. Instead, they ate fried vegetables and fish. This was the first contact of the Japanese with fried food, and since then they began associating the Portuguese word têmpora (which they pronounced tenpura) with such food.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /təm.pu.ra/
* Hyphenation: têm‧pu‧ra

### Noun

tempura
* (cooking) a Japanese dish made by deep-frying vegetables, seafood, or other foods in a light batter

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

### Further reading

* “tempura” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 天麩羅 (てんぷら, tenpura), from Portuguese, ultimately from Latin, cognate with either temperare or tempo, tempora. See above for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /temˈpu.ra/
* Rhymes: -ura
* Hyphenation: tem‧pù‧ra

### Noun

tempura m or f (invariable)
* tempura
    Hypernym: frittura

### Anagrams

* permuta, premuta

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 天麩羅 (てんぷら, tenpura), from Portuguese, from Latin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɛmˈpu.ra/
* Rhymes: -ura
* Syllabification: tem‧pu‧ra

### Noun

tempura f
* tempura

#### Declension
### Further reading

* tempura in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* tempurá (Brazil)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tẽˈpu.ɾɐ/
* Rhymes: -uɾɐ
* Hyphenation: tem‧pu‧ra

### Noun

tempura f (plural tempuras)
* European Portuguese standard form of tempurá.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 天麩羅 (てんぷら, tenpura), from Portuguese, ultimately from Latin. See above for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /temˈpuɾa/ [t̪ẽmˈpu.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -uɾa
* Syllabification: tem‧pu‧ra

### Noun

tempura f (plural tempuras)
* tempura

### Adjective

tempura m or f (masculine and feminine plural tempuras)
* (said of food) breaded or battered like tempura

### Further reading

* “tempura”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from traditional Hepburn romaji of Japanese 天麩羅(てんぷら) (tenpura), from Portuguese, from Latin.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /temˈpuɾa/ [t̪ɛmˈpuː.ɾɐ]
* Rhymes: -uɾa
* Syllabification: tem‧pu‧ra

### Noun

tempura (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ)
* tempura (Japanese dish)

### Further reading

* “tempura”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018