# Roma
## English
### Etymology 1

From Romani roma, plural of rom (“man, husband, Romani man”). The latter probably comes from Sanskrit डोम्ब (ḍomba, “lower-caste person working as a wandering musician”), which may have been borrowed from a Dravidian language. Folk etymology pointed to a legend that the ethnic group were an exiled people from Imperial times.
The other major categories of words for the Roma are cognates of Gypsy (words related to Egypt) and cognates of tzigane (words derived from Greek); see those entries for more information.

#### Alternative forms

* Rroma

#### Proper noun

Roma
* A nomadic people with origins in India, the Romani.
* A subgroup of the Romani people found primarily in Eastern Europe.
* A variety of the Romani language (or occasionally) the Romani macrolanguage.

##### Translations

* For translations which are exonyms (not cognates of the Romani term for themselves), see Gypsy.

#### Noun

Roma (plural Romas)
* A Rom; a member of the Romani people.

##### Translations
#### Adjective

Roma (not comparable)
* Romani: of or pertaining to the Romani people.

##### Translations
#### See also

* Rom
* Wikipedia article on the Roma subgroup

#### References

* ↑ “Rom, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2024.

### Etymology 2

From Latin and Italian Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome and Rum.

#### Proper noun

Roma
* Any of a number of places, including a city in Texas and a city in Queensland.
* A female given name from Latin of English-speakers.
* Alternative form of Rome
** 1896, W[alter] D[elaplaine] Scull, “Mrs. Platt”, in The Garden of the Matchboxes and Other Stories, London: Elkin Mathews, page 94:But it would have been so nice to have a private income, and to be able sometimes to go to Venezia, Firenze, Roma, those places with the beautiful names.
** 1987 October, Chelsea Quinn Yarbro, chapter 1, in A Flame in Byzantium, New York, N.Y.: Tor, →ISBN, part I (Belisarius), page 4:At Neapolis there was chaos as those who could flee Roma came to this port seeking escape.

#### Noun

Roma (plural Romas)
* A variety of tomato.

### Etymology 3

Compare Indonesian Bahasa Romang (“Roma language”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Proper noun

Roma
* An Austronesian language of Indonesia.

#### Further reading

* Ethnologue entry for Roma, rmm ⁠
* Romang language on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Bahasa Romang on the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{id}$

### Anagrams

* moar, roam, Maor, Mora, Oram, Omar, Amor, armo, amor, Ramo, mora, Armo

## Albanian
### Proper noun

Roma
* definite nominative singular of Romë

## Azerbaijani
### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin Rōma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈro.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈro.ma]

### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

#### Related terms

* romà
* romanç
* romànic
* romanitzar

## Central Nahuatl
### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

## Franco-Provençal
### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

## Galician
### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

#### Related terms

* romano

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroːma/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Roma m pl
* plural of Rom
** 2016 April 11, Caroline Kraft, quoting Gilda-Nancy Horvat, “Beleidigt, bespuckt”, in Zeit Online‎:"Viele Roma positionieren sich zu Antiziganismus gar nicht, weil sie Angst haben. Sie outen sich nicht, egal, ob sie Manager, Anwälte oder Politiker sind. Der Gedanke, stolz darauf sein zu können, dass man Roma ist, erscheint immer noch absurd", meint Gilda-Nancy Horvath, selbst Romni und ORF-Journalistin.“Many a Rom does not take position in respect to antiziganism, by reason of fear. They don’t come out, no matter, whether they are managers, advocates or politicians. The thought of being proud about being a Rom, still appears absurd.”, opines Gilda-Nancy Horvath, herself Romni and ORF journalist.

## Hawaiian
### Proper noun

Roma
* Romans (book of the Bible)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroma/
* Rhymes: -ma, -a
* Homophone: roma
* Hyphenation: Ro‧ma

### Etymology 1

From Italian Roma, from Latin Rōma.

#### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome:
** A city on the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; the capital city of Italy; the capital city of the region of Lazio
** A metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy
** (metonymically) the Italian government
** ancient Rome; the former Roman Empire; Roman civilization
** the Holy See, the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly prior to the establishment of the Vatican City in the 19th century
** the Church of Rome, the Roman Catholic Church generally
* (biblical) Epistle to the Romans

##### Alternative forms

* Rom (Johor-Riau)

##### Related terms

* roman
* romanis
* romanistik
* romansa
* romantik
* romantika
* romantikus
* romantis
* romantisasi
* romantisir
* romantisisme
* Romawi
* romawi
* Rumania

### Etymology 2

Unknown (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Proper noun

Roma
* ethnic groups inhabiting Roma Island, Southeast Maluku Regency
    Synonyms: Ruma, Romang

### Further reading

* “Roma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin Rōma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈro.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -oma
* Hyphenation: Ró‧ma

### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)
* Rome (a former province of Lazio, Italy)
* the letter R in the Italian spelling alphabet

#### Related terms

* romanesco
* Romania
* romanismo
* romanista
* romanità
* romanizzare
* romano

#### Descendants

* → Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)
* → Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)
* → Korean: 로마 (roma)

### Anagrams

* amor, armo, armò, maro, marò, mora, orma, ramo, ramò

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* R (numismatic abbreviation)

### Etymology

Uncertain.
* Roman mythology derived the name from Rōmulus, name of the legendary founder and first king. This is almost certainly a folk etymology, and the name of the mythical figure is more likely derived from the city name.
* The word may derive from *Roumon- or *Roumen-, an archaic name for the Tiber river that would be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew- (“to flow”) (for which compare Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “river”) and Στρῡμών (Strūmṓn, “Strymon, Struma”), Albanian rrymë (“stream”), Proto-Slavic *strumy (“stream”), Lithuanian stràuma (“stream”), and perhaps also Latin rūmen). If so, the intermediate source may have been an Indo-European substrate.
* The word may be of Etruscan origin, as 𐌓𐌖𐌌𐌀 (ruma) was one of the Etruscan gentes, from 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). Given the lack of a secure Indo-European etymology for Rōma, this possibility is most appealing.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈroː.ma/, [ˈroːmä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈro.ma/, [ˈrɔːmä]

### Proper noun

Rōma f sg (genitive Rōmae); first declension
* Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; the capital city of modern-day Italy)
    Ut Roma iugum omnibus terris imponeret.That Rome might overcome all countries.
    Venit Roma.He came from Rome.
* The Roman Empire per se (as a synecdoche).
* (Late Latin) Rome and/or Constantinople (the latter as "Nova Roma").
* (Ecclesiastical Latin, poetic) The Roman Catholic Church in general.

#### Declension

First-declension noun, with locative, singular only.

#### Derived terms

* rōmānicus
* rōmānus

#### Related terms

* Rōmilius
* Rōmulus

#### Descendants

* Italian: Roma
** → Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)
** → Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)
** → Korean: 로마 (roma)
* Old French: Rome, Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)
** French: Rome
*** → Guianese Creole: Ròm
*** → Haitian Creole: Wòm
*** → Persian: رم (rom)
*** → Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)
** Norman: Rome
** Picard: Rome
** Walloon: Rome
* Old Occitan:
** Occitan: Roma
** Catalan: Roma
* West Iberian
** Old Galician-Portuguese: Roma
*** Galician: Roma
*** Portuguese: Roma
** Old Spanish: Roma
*** Spanish: Roma
* Sicilian: Ruma, Roma

##### Borrowings

* → Ancient Greek: Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)
** Greek: Ρώμη (Rómi)
** → Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)
** → Aramaic: רומא
*** Classical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)
** → Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)
*** Armenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)
** → Egyptian: (hrm)
** → Parthian: (/⁠Frōm⁠/)
    Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)
    Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)
*** → Sogdian: ("Rome, Byzantium")
    Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /⁠Frūm, Frōm⁠/)
    Sogdian script: 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /⁠Frūm⁠/)
**** → Old Turkic: 𐰯𐰆𐰺𐰢 (pur¹m /⁠purum⁠/) ("Byzantium, Greek")
*** → Chinese: 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (via Iranian)
** → Middle Persian: (/⁠Hrōm⁠/, “Rome; Byzantine”)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)
    Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)
    Pazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)
**   * Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)
**   ** → Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)
* → Arabic: روما (rūmā)
* → Proto-Celtic: *Rūmā (see there for further descendants)
** → Proto-Germanic: *Rūmō (see there for further descendants)
* → Southern Common Slavic: *Rymъ
** Proto-Eastern South Slavic: *Rĩmъ
*** Old Church Slavonic:
**** Glagolitic script: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ (Rimŭ)
**** Old Cyrillic script: Римъ (Rimŭ)
***** Bulgarian: Рим (Rim)
***** Macedonian: Рим (Rim)
***** → Old East Slavic: Римъ (Rimŭ)
****** Old Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)
******* Belarusian: Рым (Rym)
******* Carpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)
******* Ukrainian: Рим (Rym)
****** Russian: Рим (Rim)
***** → Romanian: Râm (obsolete)
** Proto-Western South Slavic: *Rĩmъ
*** Serbo-Croatian:
**** Cyrillic script: Ри̑м
**** Latin script: Rȋm
*** Slovene: Rím (tonal orthography)
*** → Old Czech: Řím
**** Czech: Řím
**** → Kashubian: Rzim
**** → Old Polish: Rzym
***** Polish: Rzym
**** → Silesian: Rzim
**** → Slovak: Rím
* → Mishnaic Hebrew: רומא
** Israeli Hebrew: רומא (róma)
* → Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠Hrōmāyīg⁠/, “Roman, Greek”)
* → Old Irish: Róm (see there for further descendants)
* → Romanian: Roma

### References

* “Roma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “Roma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

### Anagrams

* amor, armō, mora

## Latvian
### Etymology

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

#### Declension
## Maranao
### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome

### References

* A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* Rom

### Etymology

From Italian and Latin Roma.

### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Italian and Latin Roma.

### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

## Occitan
### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

#### Related terms

* roman

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈro.ma/

### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; the capital city of the Papal States, in modern-day Italy)
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de Toledo, cantiga 5 (facsimile):
    Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.
       This 19th is how Holy Mary helped the empress of Rome suffer the great pains she underwent.

#### Related terms

* romão

#### Descendants

* Galician: Roma
* Portuguese: Roma

## Old Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin Rōma. Compare Old Galician-Portuguese Roma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroma/

### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome
** c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r:Sant peẏdro fo p̃dicar en roma. e por occaſiõ de ſimõ magus el encantador. nero el enꝑador fizolo meter en .+. dela cabeça aẏuſo e delos pies aſuſo.Saint Peter went to Rome to preach, and because of Simon Magus the sorcerer Nero the emperor had him put on a cross with his head down and his feet up.

#### Related terms

* romano

#### Descendants

* Spanish: Roma

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Roma, from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁõ.mɐ/ [ˈhõ.mɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁõ.mɐ/ [ˈhõ.mɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁõ.mɐ/ [ˈχõ.mɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁo.ma/ [ˈho.ma]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁo.mɐ/
* Hyphenation: Ro‧ma

### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)
* Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient civilisation centred in Rome)
    Synonym: Roma Antiga
* the Catholic Church (Christian church centred in the Vatican)
    Synonyms: Santa Sé, Vaticano, Igreja Católica

#### Related terms

* romano
* Romão
* romã

### Anagrams

* amor

## Romagnol
### Alternative forms

* Róma (Ravenna)

### Proper noun

Roma f (Faenza)
* Rome

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Rōma.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

#### Related terms

* roman

## Sardinian
### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

## Sicilian
### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish Roma, from Latin Rōma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroma/ [ˈro.ma]
* Rhymes: -oma
* Syllabification: Ro‧ma

### Proper noun

Roma f
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)
** 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 190:Los antiguos alcanzaban mayor longevidad, porque eran bautizados con óleos venidos directamente de Roma, que, por cierto, debían tener más virtud y eficacia que los nuestros.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* Antigua Roma
* hablando del rey de Roma
* Roma no se hizo en un día
* todos los caminos llevan a Roma

#### Related terms

* romance
* románico
* romano
* romántico

### Further reading

* “Roma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* amor, mora, ramo, roma

## Swahili
### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish روما (Roma), from Italian and Latin Roma. Doublet of Rum.

### Proper noun

Roma
* Rome (the capital city of Italy)
* the Roman Empire

#### Declension
### See also

* Roma İmparatorluğu

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “روما”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 632