# stilus
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstaɪ.ləs/
* Rhymes: -aɪləs

### Noun

stilus (plural stili)
* Alternative spelling of stylus.

### Anagrams

* sluits

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Latin stilus. Doublet of staili and tyyli.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈstilus/, [ˈs̠tilus̠]
* Rhymes: -ilus
* Hyphenation: sti‧lus

### Noun

stilus
* stylus (sharp stick used in ancient times for writing in clay tablets)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of stilus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stilukseni
stilukseni
accusative
nom.
stilukseni
stilukseni
gen.
stilukseni
genitive
stilukseni
stilusteni stiluksieni
partitive
stilustani
stiluksiani
inessive
stiluksessani
stiluksissani
elative
stiluksestani
stiluksistani
illative
stilukseeni
stiluksiini
adessive
stiluksellani
stiluksillani
ablative
stilukseltani
stiluksiltani
allative
stilukselleni
stiluksilleni
essive
stiluksenani
stiluksinani
translative
stiluksekseni
stiluksikseni
abessive
stiluksettani
stiluksittani
instructive
comitative
—stiluksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stiluksesi
stiluksesi
accusative
nom.
stiluksesi
stiluksesi
gen.
stiluksesi
genitive
stiluksesi
stilustesi stiluksiesi
partitive
stilustasi
stiluksiasi
inessive
stiluksessasi
stiluksissasi
elative
stiluksestasi
stiluksistasi
illative
stilukseesi
stiluksiisi
adessive
stiluksellasi
stiluksillasi
ablative
stilukseltasi
stiluksiltasi
allative
stiluksellesi
stiluksillesi
essive
stiluksenasi
stiluksinasi
translative
stilukseksesi
stiluksiksesi
abessive
stiluksettasi
stiluksittasi
instructive
comitative
—stiluksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stiluksemme
stiluksemme
accusative
nom.
stiluksemme
stiluksemme
gen.
stiluksemme
genitive
stiluksemme
stilustemme stiluksiemme
partitive
stilustamme
stiluksiamme
inessive
stiluksessamme
stiluksissamme
elative
stiluksestamme
stiluksistamme
illative
stilukseemme
stiluksiimme
adessive
stiluksellamme
stiluksillamme
ablative
stilukseltamme
stiluksiltamme
allative
stiluksellemme
stiluksillemme
essive
stiluksenamme
stiluksinamme
translative
stilukseksemme
stiluksiksemme
abessive
stiluksettamme
stiluksittamme
instructive
comitative
—stiluksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stiluksenne
stiluksenne
accusative
nom.
stiluksenne
stiluksenne
gen.
stiluksenne
genitive
stiluksenne
stilustenne stiluksienne
partitive
stilustanne
stiluksianne
inessive
stiluksessanne
stiluksissanne
elative
stiluksestanne
stiluksistanne
illative
stilukseenne
stiluksiinne
adessive
stiluksellanne
stiluksillanne
ablative
stilukseltanne
stiluksiltanne
allative
stiluksellenne
stiluksillenne
essive
stiluksenanne
stiluksinanne
translative
stilukseksenne
stiluksiksenne
abessive
stiluksettanne
stiluksittanne
instructive
comitative
—stiluksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
stiluksensa
stiluksensa
accusative
nom.
stiluksensa
stiluksensa
gen.
stiluksensa
genitive
stiluksensa
stilustensa stiluksiensa
partitive
stilustaan stilustansa
stiluksiaan stiluksiansa
inessive
stiluksessaan stiluksessansa
stiluksissaan stiluksissansa
elative
stiluksestaan stiluksestansa
stiluksistaan stiluksistansa
illative
stilukseensa
stiluksiinsa
adessive
stiluksellaan stiluksellansa
stiluksillaan stiluksillansa
ablative
stilukseltaan stilukseltansa
stiluksiltaan stiluksiltansa
allative
stilukselleen stiluksellensa
stiluksilleen stiluksillensa
essive
stiluksenaan stiluksenansa
stiluksinaan stiluksinansa
translative
stiluksekseen stilukseksensa
stiluksikseen stiluksiksensa
abessive
stiluksettaan stiluksettansa
stiluksittaan stiluksittansa
instructive
comitative
—stiluksineen stiluksinensa :

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin stilus, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp; to sting”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstilʊs]
* Hyphenation: sti‧lus

### Noun

stilus (plural stilus-stilus)
* stylus:
** (historical) an ancient writing implement consisting of a small rod with a pointed end for scratching letters on clay, wax-covered tablets or other surfaces, and a blunt end for obliterating them
** (computing) a small device resembling a pen used to input handwritten text or drawings directly into an electronic device with a touch-sensitive screen
* (botany) style: The stalk that connects the stigma(s) to the ovary in a pistil of a flower
    Synonym: stil (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “stilus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* stylus (misspelling)

### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Italic *stiglos (which stimulus and stiva may also be related to), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp; to sting”) +‎ *-lós. In this case, related to instīgō (“to urge, stimulate, stir up”), Ancient Greek στῐ́ζω (stĭ́zō, “to mark with a pointed instrument”), Ancient Greek στῐ́γμᾰ (stĭ́gmă, “mark, spot”), Proto-Germanic *stikaną (“to stick, stab”). An alternative derivation relates the word to Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬉𐬭𐬀 (staēra, “mountaintop”).
Not related to Ancient Greek στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar; wooden pole”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsti.lus/, [ˈs̠t̪ɪɫ̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsti.lus/, [ˈst̪iːlus]

### Noun

stilus m (genitive stilī); second declension
* (in general) a stake, pale, spike
    Synonyms: pālus, sudis, tālea, vallus
** c. 390 CE, Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae 23.4.5:ab hac medietate restium ligneus stilus exsurgens obliquusFrom the middle of these ropes a wooden arm rises obliquely
** (agriculture) a pointed instrument for freeing plants from worms or from shoots which grow too rankly
*** 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 11.3.53: […]; deinde eas confecto aequinoctio paululo infra terram secare et ligneo stilo laxatis vel rubi vel ferulae medullis stercus inmittere atque ita semina cucumeris inserere, […] (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** (botany) a stem, stalk
*** 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 5.10.13:Omnis autem nux unam radicem mittit, et simplici stilo prorepit.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (in particular) a stylus or pencil used for writing on waxen tablets
** c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.1.27:cum vero iam ductus sequi coeperit, non inutile erit eas tabellae quam optime insculpi, ut per illos velut sulcos ducatur stilus.As soon as the child has begun to know the shapes of the various letters, it will be no bad thing to have them cut as accurately as possible upon a board, so that the pen may be guided along the grooves.
** (transferred sense):
*** an act of setting down in writing, composing, composition; the practice of composing; a manner of writing, mode of composition
    Synonyms: scriptiō, scriptūra
**** 61 CE – c. 112 CE, Pliny the Younger, Epistulae 7.27.9:Hic contra ut paulum exspectaret manu significat rursusque ceris et stilo incumbit.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
*** a style in speaking, manner of speaking, mode of expression
**** 1826, Stanislas Julien, Meng Tseu vel Mencius‎, page 46:Ejus stylus, tunc historicus.Its [sc. The Spring and Autumn Annals'] style is historical.
*** a decision, verdict, opinion

#### Inflection

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* stilō (verb)

#### Descendants

* Balkano-Romance:
** >? Aromanian: stur
** >? Romanian: stur
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: stelo
* Ibero-Romance (or from Old French estai):
** >? Old Galician-Portuguese: esteo
*** Galician: esteo
*** Portuguese: esteio
**** → Spanish: esteyo
** >? Old Spanish: estelo
Borrowings:
* →? Albanian: shtyllë
* → Catalan: estil (learned)
* → English: stylus (learned)
* → Finnish: stilus (learned)
* → Friulian: stîl (learned)
* → Galician: estilo (learned)
* → German: Stil, Styl, Stylus (learned)
** → Lower Sorbian: stil
* → Hungarian: stílus (learned)
* → Indonesian: stilus (learned)
* → Irish: stíl, stíleas (learned)
* → Italian: stilo (learned)
* → Middle Low German: stilus (learned)
* → Old French: estile (see there for further descendants)
* → Old High German: stil (learned)
** Middle High German: stil
*** German: Stiel
* → Old Norse: stíll (learned)
** Danish: stil (partly)
** Icelandic: stíll (partly)
** Norwegian Bokmål: stil (partly)
** Norwegian Nynorsk: stil (partly)
** Swedish: stil (partly)
* → Piedmontese: stil
* → Portuguese: estilo (learned)
* → Spanish: estilo (learned)
** → Tagalog: estilo, istilo
* → Welsh: stil, ystîl
Notes:
* 1 2 3 More likely from Byzantine Greek στῦλος (stûlos).

### References

* ↑ “stilo, istigare” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “stilus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 587

### Further reading

* “stilus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “stilus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "stilus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* stilus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “stilus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “stilus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin