# -on
## English
### Etymology

* (Physics) From -on in electron, reinforced by Ancient Greek -ον (-on) ending neuter nouns and adjectives.
* (Chemistry) From -on in carbon, first applied to boron and then to silicon.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Suffix

-on
* (physics, mathematics and biology) Forming nouns denoting subatomic particles (proton), quanta (photon), molecular units (codon), or substances (interferon).
    Coordinate term: -ino
* (biology, genetics) Forming names of things considered as basic or fundamental units, such as codon or recon.
* (chemistry) Forming names of noble gases and certain nonmetal elements (such as boron or silicon).

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Nº, NO, No, No., N.O., no, no.

## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* -hon — after vowels without glottal stops
* -un, -hun — nonstandard

### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *-ən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ən, from Proto-Austronesian *-ən. Cognate with Ilocano -en and Tagalog -in).

### Suffix

-on (verb-forming suffix, inchoative gi-, contemplative -on, imperative -a, negative -a)
* patient trigger verbal affix, infinitive form
** non-durative action; an action done unto something or someone without necessarily referencing the duration of the act; see Perfective aspect
    Coordinate term: paga- -on — durative patient trigger
    ‎kaon (“eat”) + ‎-on → ‎kan-on (“to eat something”)
    Kan-on nako ang isda. ― I will eat the fish. (The "fish" is focused)
    Kan-on nako ― I will eat it
** (with verbs of motion) go to do/get/achieve something
    ‎saka (“climb”) + ‎-on → ‎sak-on (“to climb to get something”)
    ‎balik (“return”) + ‎-on → ‎balikon (“to return to do something”)
    Balikon ka namo ― We will come back to get you
** (with roots referring to a state) make into such state
    ‎pula (“red”) + ‎-on → ‎pulahon (“to make something red”)
    ‎hurot (“consumed”) + ‎-on → ‎hutdon (“to use up all that is left”)
    ‎upat (“four”) + ‎-on → ‎upaton (“to make/divide into four parts”)
    ‎ayo (“good”) + ‎-on → ‎ayohon (“to fix”)
** (with adjectives referring to manner) do something in such manner
    ‎ayo (“good”) + ‎-on → ‎ayohon (“to do something well”)
    ‎kalit (“sudden”) + ‎-on → ‎kaliton (“to do something suddenly”)
** (with names or titles) call someone by that name or title
    Kuyahon ka niya ― He calls you "kuya"
** (uncommon, with words referring to time) do at such time
    Ugmaon na lang 'ni nako. ― I will just do this tomorrow.
** (with things that can be used as an instrument to hit something) strike with so-and-so
    Bakyaon nako siya ― I will hit him/her with a wooden slipper
* contemplative aspect of -on

#### Usage notes

* Often, the stress is moved to the next syllable after affixation:
    ‎bálik + ‎-on → ‎balíkon
    ‎áyo + ‎-on → ‎ayóhon
    ‎pulá + ‎-on → ‎pulahón
    ‎kalít + ‎-on → ‎kalitón

#### Derived terms

* ka- -on
* -onon

### Suffix

-on (adjective-forming suffix)
* (added to adjectives) somewhat, kind of, -ish
    Synonym: murag, full reduplication of root
    ‎gamay (“small”) + ‎-on → ‎gamayon (“rather small”)
    ‎barato (“cheap”) + ‎-on → ‎baratohon (“rather cheap”)
* (added to Spanish monetary numbers) worth much
    Synonyms: tag-, balig
    ‎piso (“one peso”) + ‎-on → ‎pisohon (“worth one peso”)
    ‎baynte (“twenty pesos”) + ‎-on → ‎bayntehon (“worth twenty pesos”)
* forms demonyms
    Synonyms: -anon, -non, -hon

#### Usage notes

* In the first and second senses, the stress is always on the last syllable:
    ‎mahál + ‎-on → ‎mahalón (“somewhat expensive”)
    ‎báyot + ‎-on → ‎bayotón (“gayish”)

#### Derived terms

* -anon
* ma- -on
* -non

### Suffix

-on (noun-forming suffix)
* Alternative form of -onon
    Duna pa koy hatagon nimo. ― I still have something to give you.

### See also

* -an
* ma-
* mag-
* mang-
* mo-
* paga- -an

### References

* John U. Wolff (1972) A dictionary of Cebuano Visayan‎ (overall work in Cebuano and English), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pages 1158-1159

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [-ˈoˀn]

### Suffix

-on
* (organic chemistry) -one

#### Derived terms
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔn/
* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-on
* (organic chemistry) -one
* (particles) -on

#### Synonyms

* oxo-

#### Related terms

* keton

## Finnish
### Etymology

See -Vn (illative suffix).

### Suffix

-on
* Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.

### Anagrams

* no

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ōnem.

### Suffix

-on m (plural -ons) (ORB)
* forms augmentative nouns

#### Derived terms
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ̃/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French -on, from Old French -on, a blending of Latin -ōnem (accusative singular of -ō, masculine appellative suffix), Frankish *-on (accusative of *-ō, ending of masculine weak declension nouns), Frankish *-īn (diminutive suffix), and *-ing (diminutive suffix for animals, via -enc, -enz). Some also descend from the Celtic singulative *-onos, such as mouton.

#### Suffix

-on
* Forming diminutives of things, including some animals.
    ‎chat (“cat”) + ‎-on → ‎chaton (“kitten”)
    ‎ours (“bear”) + ‎-on → ‎ourson (“cub”)
* Forming augmentatives of things.
    ‎médaille (“medal”) + ‎-on → ‎médaillon (“medallion”)
* Indicating origin or occupation.
    ‎marmite (“cooking pot”) + ‎-on → ‎marmiton (“pot and pan washer; kitchen porter”)
    ‎quartier (“quarter”) + ‎-on → ‎quarteron (“quarter of a pound”)
    ‎char (“carriage”) + ‎-on → ‎charron (“wheelwright”)
    ‎bûche (“log”) + ‎-on → ‎bûcheron (“lumberjack”)

##### Descendants

* → English: -oon

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ον (-on), neuter of -ος (-os), masculine adjective ending.

#### Suffix

-on
* (physics and biology) -on

##### Derived terms

* brocheton
* buisson
* chanson
* housson
* ourson
* ponton
* raton
* saucisson

## Gothic
### Romanization

-ōn
* Romanization of -𐍉𐌽

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [on]

### Etymology 1

Template:hu-suff-pron(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Suffix

-on (superessive case suffix)
* on
    ‎asztal (“table”) + ‎-on → ‎asztalon (“on [a/the] table”)
       Egy váza van az asztalon ― There is a vase on the table.

##### Usage notes

* (superessive case suffix) Variants:
    -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -on is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -en is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ön is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
$^1$ Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként

#### See also

* rajta
* Category:Hungarian terms taking -n/-on/-en/-ön
* Category:Hungarian noun forms
$^1$Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns /

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Suffix

-on
* (verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem ― often an onomatopoeia ― to form a verb, normally expressing an instantaneous action.
    oson (“to sneak”) (the instantaneous element is not present here)

##### Usage notes

* (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -on is added to some back-vowel words
    -an is added to back-vowel words
    -en is added to front-vowel words

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Suffix

-on
* (deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to create an adverb.
    ‎vak (“blind”) + ‎-on → ‎vakon (“blindly”)
    ‎gazdagon (“rich”) + ‎-on → ‎gazdagon (“abundantly, copiously”)

##### Usage notes

* (adverb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -an is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -on is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel (see above).

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Suffix

-on
* (chiefly dialectal or archaic, personal suffix) Forms the indefinite third-person singular suffix (currently only in the imperative mood as part of -jon, formerly also occurring in the indicative).
    ad (“to give”) → adjon (“he/she/it should give”)
    van (“to be”) → vagyon (“he/she/it is, there is”) (in the standard language: van)

##### Usage notes

* (archaic personal suffix) Variants:
    -n is added to certain irregular stems
    -on is added to back-vowel words
    -en is added to unrounded front-vowel words
    -ön is added to rounded front-vowel words

#### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

#### Further reading

* Szinnyei József: Alaktani adalékok (in Nyelvtudományi Közlemények, 1903, see page 249 in the PDF, page 243 in the original)
* Ifj. Domokos Pál Péter: Még egyszer a felelin-féle igealakokról (page 4 in the PDF, page 32 in the original)

## Mohawk
### Suffix

-on
* forms perfective aspect, which require patient pronouns

### References

* Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 371-372

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

A new formation from words such as ion (“ion”), from Ancient Greek -ου (-ou), neuter of -ος (-os), from Proto-Indo-European *-os (creates nouns from verb stems).

### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: /uːn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uːn
* Hyphenation: -on

#### Suffix

-on (definite singular neuter -onet, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)
* (physics, mathematics and biology) Used to form nouns denoting subatomic particles, quanta, molecular units, or substances; -on
    proton, elektron, nøytron, boson, gluon ― proton, electron, neutron, boson, gluon
* (chemistry, biology, genetics) Used to form nouns denoting certain organic compounds; -one, -on
    aceton, testosteron, kodon ― acetone, testosterone, codone

### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: /ɔn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔn
* Hyphenation: -on
* Homophones: onn, ånd

#### Suffix

-on (definite singular neuter -onet or definite singular masculine -onen, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)
* (chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting chemical substances and industrial products; -on
    radon, orlon, rayon ― radon, orlon, rayon

### References

* “-on” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Old English
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* -an

#### Suffix

-on
* Marks the plural preterite indicative of strong verbs.
    ‎drīfan (“to drive”) + ‎-on → ‎drifon (“we/you/they drove”)

##### Usage notes

* As this suffix is added only to strong verbs, it is always accompanied by ablaut when it appears on a verb.

##### Related terms

* -edon, -odon

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-on
* (rare) Alternative form of -en (suffix forming past participles)

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* -oian

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-ōną.

### Suffix

-ōn
* (verbal suffix) used to form the infinitive of class 2 weak verbs (an alternative ending -oian is sometimes found instead of -ōn)
    makōn "to make"
    hatōn "to hate"

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: -en
** Low German: -en

## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔn/
* Rhymes: -ɔn
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
* Homophone: on

### Suffix

-on m inan or m pers
* forms masculine nouns
    ‎kuć + ‎-on → ‎kujon

#### Declension

Inanimate declension:
Animate declension:

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* -on in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Spanish
### Suffix

-on m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ones)
* Obsolete spelling of -ón.

## Swedish
### Etymology

Most likely originally from smultron (“wild strawberry”) and nypon (“rosehip”) and then extended to other borrowed words with an original -a suffix. Probably originally a plural suffix cognate to Gothic -𐍉𐌽𐌰 (-ōna) in e.g. 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 (augōna, “eyes”), compare Swedish ögon.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌɔn/

### Suffix

-on n
* Used in many names of berries and some fruits.

#### Derived terms

* fikon
* hallon
* hjortron
* lingon
* mjölon
* nypon
* ollon
* olvon
* plommon
* päron
* smultron

### References

* ↑ -on in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* NO, no.

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔn/

### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* -ion

#### Suffix

-on
* Pluralisation suffix
    Synonyms: -aid, -aint, -au, -ed, -edd, -en, -i, -iadau, -iaid, -iau, -ion, -od, -oedd, -ydd, -yr, -ys
    ‎meddyg (“doctor”) + ‎-on → ‎meddygon (“doctors”)
    ‎lleidr (“thief”) + ‎-on → ‎lladron (“lladron”)
    ‎athro (“(male) teacher”) + ‎-on → ‎athrawon (“athrawon”)

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* -son

#### Suffix

-on
* (colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural preterite
* (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural preterite

### Etymology 3
#### Alternative forms

* -ion

#### Suffix

-on
* Noun suffix
    ‎aur (“gold”) + ‎-on → ‎euron (“laburnum”)
    ‎gŵr (“man”) + ‎-on → ‎gwron (“hero”)
    ‎hin (“weather”) + ‎-on → ‎hinon (“fair weather”)