# per
## Translingual
### Symbol

per
* (international standards) ISO 639-2/B language code for Persian.

## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: /pɜː/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /pɝ/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Scotland) IPA: /pɛr/
* (New Zealand) IPA: /pøː/
* (Liverpool, fair–fur merger) IPA: /peː/
* (Humberside, Teesside, fair–fur merger) IPA: /pɛː/
* (Lancashire, fair–fur merger) IPA: /pɜː(ɹ)/
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)
* Homophones: purr (fern–fir–fur merger); pair, pare, pear (all fair–fur merger)

### Etymology 1

From Latin per (“through, during”), from Proto-Indo-European *per. Doublet of par.

#### Preposition

per
* For each.
    Admission is £10 per person.
    miles per gallon
    beats per minute
    $2.50 per dozen
* To each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units).
    12 inches per foot
    100 centimeters per meter
* (medicine) By the, by means of the, via the, through the.
    Introduce the endoscope per nasum.
    The medication is to be administered per os.
* In accordance with, as per
    I parked my car at the curb per your request.
    Implement a program that computes the approximate grade level needed to comprehend some text, per the below.
    Note that while the walkthrough illustrates that words may be separated by more than one space, you may assume, per the specifications above, that no sentences will contain more than one space in a row.

##### Usage notes

* In senses equivalent to "each", per is typically followed by a singular noun phrase with no determiner.
    Take one pill per day, not *Take one pill per a day.
* The common exception is its use with plural noun phrases, although these are almost always limited to large round numbers such as 100, 1,000, 10,000...
    The abortion rate in the U.S. has dropped since 1980 from nearly 30 per 1,000 women of childbearing age to less than 20.
* In medical senses, per is followed by the name of an orifice in Latin rather than English (for example, per os, per rectum, per vaginam); in the postwar era there has been a continual shift toward preferring an English equivalent, especially for patients as audience but also even for fellow professionals (as medical literature audience): by mouth or orally, rectally, vaginally. (More at Wikipedia at plain language.)

##### Synonyms

* (abbreviation) p, p., /, ⅌ UTF-16 0x214C, introduced in Unicode 4.1.0 (March 2005)
* an, a

##### Derived terms

* as per the usual
* as per usual
* as per your request
* characters per inch
* cycle per second
* dots per inch
* foot per second
* frame per second
* ignotum per ignotius
* kmph
* metre per second
* nil per os
* obscurum per obscurius
* pay-per-click
* pay per play
* pay-per-view
* per accidens
* per alia
* per annum
* per anum
* per bend
* per bend sinister
* per capita
* per cent, per centum
* per chevron
* per chief
* per consequens
* per contra
* per curiam
* per diem
* per fas et (aut) nefas
* per fess
* per impossibile
* per incuriam
* per interim
* per litt.
* per maistrie
* per mensem
* per mill
* per mil, per mille
* per minima
* per my et per tout
* per myriad
* per nasum
* per nocte
* per orem, per orum
* per pais, per pays
* per pale
* per pall
* per pares
* per primam
* per primam intentionem
* per pro
* per procurationem
* per quod
* per-rectal
* per rectum
* per saltum
* per se
* per stirpes
* per vagina, per vaginam
* pixels per inch
* pro per
* three per cents

##### Related terms

* per- (as in perfect, perfection and perplex)

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

Shortening of person, coined by Marge Piercy in Woman on the Edge of Time (1979)

#### Pronoun

per (third-person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative per, possessive adjective pers, possessive noun pers, reflexive perself)
* (rare, nonstandard) They (singular). Gender-neutral neologistic third-person singular subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
** 1997 April 22, Anthony and Joy Hilbert, “ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules”, in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet):This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?
* (rare, nonstandard) Them (singular) Neologistic gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, suggested for use in place of him and her.
** 1997 April 22, Anthony and Joy Hilbert, “ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules”, in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet):This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?
** 1998, Katherine Phelps, “Odysseus, She”, in Storytronics‎:"Kalypso!" I call out as phe disappears on the horizon. I did not know it, but I loved per.
** 2006 November 15, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The transgender phenomenon, Sage Publications, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC HQ77.9.E55 2006, page 160:Whereas Christie had flirted with a lesbian identity prior to surgery, following surgery Christie found perself able to pursue per attraction to men, provided they related to per as a non-gendered person.

##### Synonyms

* (singular) they
* ey, e, sie, shi, ze

##### Hyponyms

* (as subject): he, she
* (as object): him, her

##### Derived terms

* perself

#### Adjective

per (not comparable)
* (rare, nonstandard) Belonging to per, their (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular possessive adjective, coordinate with gendered his and her.
** 2006, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The transgender phenomenon, Sage Publications, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC HQ77.9.E55 2006, page 160:Whereas Christie had flirted with a lesbian identity prior to surgery, following surgery Christie found perself able to pursue per attraction to men, provided they related to per as a non-gendered person.

##### Synonyms

* (singular) their
* eir, hir

##### Hyponyms

* his, her

##### Derived terms

* pers

#### See also

* other attested

### Anagrams

* EPR, ERP, RPE, Rep, Rep., pre, pre-, rep

## Aragonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Navarro-Aragonese per, from Latin per.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpe(ɾ)/
* Rhymes: -e(ɾ)
* Syllabification: per

### Preposition

per
* through, via: used in indicating the medium through which passage occurs
* at, during, in: used in indicating the time at which an event occurs
* during, for: used in indicating the duration of time for which an event occurs
* because, because of: used in indicating the reason an action was undertaken
* by: used in indicating the agent responsible for an action
* for each; for every
* a, for, per: used in indicating a rate of exchange

#### Usage notes

* In eastern dialects, when the preposition per is followed by a masculine definite article, el sg, els pl or los pl, it is contracted with it to the forms pel sg or pels pl respectively.

#### Alternative forms

* por (western dialects)

### Further reading

Aragonario

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* peru

### Etymology 1

From Latin pilus. Compare Romanian păr.

#### Noun

per m (plural peri)
* hair

##### Related terms

* piros

### Etymology 2

From Latin pirus. Compare Romanian păr.

#### Noun

per m (plural peri)
* pear tree

##### Related terms

* pearã

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin per.

### Preposition

per
* through, out (through somewhere)
    Foron pel camínThey went through the path
* by means of, by way of, by, via
    Mandótelo per corréu lletrónicuHe/She sent it to you via email
* for, during (a period of time)
    Tuvieron per trés díes na montañaThey were in the mountain for three days
* per, each
    Son diez euros per artículuIt costs ten euros per item

#### Derived terms

* pel
* pela
* peles
* pelo
* pelos

## Breton
### Etymology 1

From Middle Breton per, from Proto-Brythonic *per, a borrowing from Latin pira, plural of pirum. Cognate with Cornish per, Welsh pêr.

#### Noun

per f (singulative perenn)
* pears

##### Derived terms

* gwez-per
* per-douar
* pereg
* perenn
* perenneg
* perennek
* perid
* sistr per

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos. Compare Cornish per, Welsh pair.

#### Noun

per m (plural perioù)
* cauldron

##### Related terms

* chaoudouron
* kaoter
* pothouarn

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan per, from Latin per, appropriating the senses of Latin prō as well.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [pər]
* IPA: (Valencia) [per]
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

per
* through, via: used in indicating the medium through which passage occurs
* at, during, in: used in indicating the time at which an event occurs
* during, for: used in indicating the duration of time for which an event occurs
* because, because of: used in indicating the reason an action was undertaken
* (when followed by a verbal noun) used in indicating the activity one intends to do because of an action
    El meu germà anirà a Tahití per vacar a la platja.My brother will go to Tahiti (in order) to vacation on the beach.
* by: used in indicating the agent responsible for an action
* for each; for every
* a, for, per: used in indicating a rate of exchange

#### Usage notes

* When the preposition per is followed by a masculine definite article, el sg or els pl, it is contracted with it to the forms pel sg or pels pl respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ because it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to per l’ takes precedence over contracting to pel.

#### Derived terms

* per a
* per a que
* per ara
* per caritat
* per casualitat
* per cent
* per cert
* per culpa de
* per descomptat
* per exemple
* per favor
* per fi
* per l'amor de Déu
* per mitjà de
* per molts anys
* per poc
* per què
* per sempre
* per sort
* per tal de
* per tal que
* per tant

### Further reading

* “per” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Cimbrian
### Etymology 1

From Middle High German bër, from Old High German bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (“bear”). Cognate with German Bär, English bear.

#### Noun

per m
* (Luserna) bear

#### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

### Etymology 2

From Middle High German ber, from Old High German beri, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją (“berry”). Cognate with German Beere, English berry.

#### Noun

per n (plural pern)
* (Luserna) berry

##### Derived terms

* henneper
* johannisper
* roatper
* sbartzper

#### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Cornish
### Etymology

From Middle Cornish per, from Proto-Brythonic *per, a borrowing from Latin pira, plural of pirum. Cognate with Breton per, Welsh pêr.

### Noun

per f (singulative peren)
* pears

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɛr]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

per
* genitive plural of pero

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

per
* second-person singular imperative of prát

## Danish
### Preposition

per (abbreviated pr.)
* For each; for every
    Motoren roterer 1000 gange per minut.The engine rotates 1000 times per minute.

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin per.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: per
* Rhymes: -ɛr

### Preposition

per
* for each; for every; per
    De motor draait 1000 toeren per minuut.The engine goes 1000 revolutions per minute.
* by means of
    Kom je per auto of per spoor?Are you coming by car or by rail?

#### Derived terms

* per abuis
* per omgaande
* per ongeluk
* per slot van rekening

### Anagrams

* rep

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin per.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [per]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: per

### Preposition

per
* by means of, with
    Li skribis per plumo. ― He wrote with a pen.

#### See also

* kun

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Latin per.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈper/, [ˈpe̞r]
* Rhymes: -er
* Hyphenation: per

### Preposition

per [with nominative]
* per (for each, to each)
    Synonyms: kohden, kohti, (ablative case) -lta
    viisi euroa per metri ― five euros per metre
* (business, accounting) per (indicating date, due date, date of maturity, etc.)
    Laskumme 1 000 e per 15.6. ― Our invoice for Eur 1,000 due on 15 June
    Tilin saldo per 31.12. ― Account balance on 31 December

### Further reading

* “per”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

per [with accusative or dative]
* per, via, by, in acccordance with
    per Gesetz ― according to the law

#### Usage notes

* per is followed by a noun in either the accusative or dative case. No semantic distinction is made between the cases here. Examples from Duden: per ersten / erstem Januar, "as of the first of January"; per eingeschriebenen / eingeschriebenem Brief, "by registered letter".

### References

* “per” in Duden online
* “per” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɛr]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: per
* Rhymes: -ɛr

### Etymology 1

Back-formation from perel.

#### Alternative forms

* pör (dialectal)

#### Noun

per (plural perek)
* (law) action, suit, lawsuit
    Synonyms: eljárás, kereset

##### Derived terms

* peres
* kirakatper
* perpatvar

##### Related terms

* alperes
* felperes
* pereskedik

### Etymology 2

From Latin per (“through”).

#### Adverb

per
* per
    kilométer per óra ― kilometers per hour
* (mathematics) divided by
    3/5, három per öt ― 3:5, three divided by five

##### Derived terms

* perjel

### References

* ↑ per in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* (action, lawsuit): per in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (per, divided by): per in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto per, English per, French par, Italian per, Spanish por, ultimately from Latin per, from Proto-Indo-European *per.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /per/, /pɛɾ/

### Preposition

per
* by means of, by, with (some means)
    Ilu batis me per bastono. ― He beat me with a stick.
* (mathematics) multiplied by, times
    Quar per kin esas duadek. ― Four times five is twenty.
    Un per un esas un. ― One times one is one.

#### Derived terms

* per ke (“through the fact that”)

### See also

* da (“by”)
* kun (“with (in company with)”)

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* pir (nonstandard)

### Etymology 1

From Dutch veer (“feather, spring”), a contraction of veder, from Middle Dutch vedere, from Old Dutch fethara, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō, from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). The sense "spring" is derived from the ability of feathers to resume their shape when bent.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɛr]
* Hyphenation: pèr

#### Noun

pèr (plural per-per)
* spring, a mechanical device made of flexible or coiled material that exerts force and attempts to spring back when bent, compressed, or stretched
    Synonym: pegas
* (colloquial) arc lamp
    Synonyms: bohlam, bola lampu listrik, lampu busur

##### Derived terms

* berper
* mengeper

#### Compounds

* per keong

### Etymology 2

From Dutch per, from Latin per (“through, during”), from Proto-Indo-European *per.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpər]
* Hyphenation: pêr

#### Preposition

pêr
* per,
** for each
    Synonym: tiap
** to each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units)
    Synonyms: bagi, demi
** by the, by means of the, via the, through the
    Synonym: dengan
* since
    Synonyms: mulai, sejak

### Further reading

* “per” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Etymology

From Latin per, which is the predecessor of French par, Italian per, Spanish par and Spanish pro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /per/

### Preposition

per
* through, during, throughout
    Io evadeva per un tunnel secrete.I escaped through a secret tunnel.
    Per uso pote formar vapor inflammabile.May form flammable fumes during usage.
* by (the agency of), through, by means of
    Su via a successo era per opera dur.His/her path to success was through hard work.
* per, for each
    Admission costa 10 € per persona.Admission costs €10 per person.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin per.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /per/
* Rhymes: -er
* Hyphenation: per

### Preposition

per
* for
    Ma io l'ho fatto per te! ― But I did it for you!
    Te lo vendo per appena trecento euro ― I'll sell it you for only three hundred euro
    Ho studiato per tre ore ― I studied for three hours
    Questo è il treno per Londra ― This is the train for London
* to (indicates direction)
* through
    Sono passato per il centro ― I passed through the center
* in or on
    Camminava ansiosamente per la stanza ― He was pacing anxiously about the room
* by
    Te lo invio per posta ― I'll send it to you by post
* with
* as

#### Usage notes

* When followed by the definite article, per can be combined with the article to give the following combined forms (old-fashioned, very rarely used, except for pel, pei):
    per + article Combined form per + article Combined form per + il pel per + i pei per + l' pell' per + lo pello per + gli pegli per + la pella per + le pelle

#### Derived terms

* da per tutto
* dappertutto
* in tutto e per tutto
* per bene
* per carità
* per converso
* per di più
* per errore
* per esempio
* per favore
* per fortuna
* per forza
* per giunta
* per inciso
* per iscritto
* per lo meno
* per lo più
* per mezzo di
* per niente
* per opera di
* per ora
* per piacere
* per quanto riguarda
* per sbaglio
* per sempre
* per via di
* su per giù

### See also

* pro

### References

* ↑ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

### Anagrams

* pre-

## Ladin
### Etymology

From Latin per.

### Preposition

per
* for
* through
* in or on
* by
* with
* as

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* ꝑ (Mediaeval sigil)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognates include Ancient Greek περί (perí), Sanskrit परि (pári), Lithuanian per, Albanian për and English for.
The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈper/, [ˈpɛr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈper/, [ˈpɛr]

### Preposition

per (+ accusative)
* through, by means of
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.11:Qua re per exploratores nuntiataThat event being announced by the scouts
** 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.3:per speciem honorisBy the pretext of honouring
* throughout, during

#### Derived terms

* -per
* per annum
* per se
* per-

#### Descendants

* Eastern Romance:
** Aromanian: pri, pi, pre
** Romanian: pre, pe, pă, pi
* Istriot: par
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: per
** Neapolitan: pe, ppe
** Sicilian: pi, pri, pir
* Franco-Provençal: per
* Old Leonese:
** Asturian: per
* Old Occitan:
** Catalan: per
** Occitan: per
* Old Navarro-Aragonese: per
** Aragonese: per
* Old French: par
** Middle French: par
*** French: par
**** → English: par
** Lorrain: poir
** Picard: per
* Old Galician-Portuguese: per
** Portuguese: per
* Old Spanish: per
** Spanish: per
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: par
** Ladin: per
* Venetan: par
* → Danish: per
* → Dutch: per
* → English: per
* → Finnish: per
* → German: per
* → Hungarian: per
* → Norwegian: per
* → Swedish: per
* → Esperanto: per
** Ido: per

### References

* “per”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “per”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to bring a stream of water through the garden: aquam ducere per hortum to cut one's way (through the enemies' ranks): ferro viam facere (per confertos hostes) to spread over the whole body: per totum corpus diffundi to pass a thing from hand to hand: de manu in manus or per manus tradere aliquid in a dream: per somnum, in somnis in a dream: per quietem, in quiete under the pretext, pretence of..: per causam (with Gen.) when occasion offers; as opportunity occurs: per occasionem a report is spreading imperceptibly: fama serpit (per urbem) to be in every one's mouth: per omnium ora ferri to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere to take a false step: per errorem labi, or simply labi I said it in jest: haec iocatus sum, per iocum dixi to correspond with some one: colloqui cum aliquo per litteras apparently; to look at: per speciem (alicuius rei) under pretext, pretence of..: per simulationem, simulatione alicuius rei by craft: per dolum (B. G. 4. 13) in sport, mockery: per ludibrium men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles to transfix, pierce a man's breast with one's sword: gladio aliquem per pectus transfigere (Liv. 2. 46) to force a way, a passage: iter tentare per vim (cf. sect. II. 3) to break through the enemy's centre: per medios hostes (mediam hostium aciem) perrumpere to lead some one in triumph: per triumphum (in triumpho) aliquem ducere that is self-evident, goes without saying: hoc per se intellegitur I have no objection: per me licet
* per in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

## Latvian
### Verb

per
* inflection of pērt:
** second/third-person singular present indicative
** third-person plural present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
* (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of pērt
* (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of pērt

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognates include Proto-Slavic *per-, Ancient Greek περί (perí), Sanskrit परि (pári), Latin per, and English for.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʲɛr]

### Preposition

per (with accusative)
* through
* during

### References

* ↑ Derksen, Rick (2015) “per”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 352

## Megleno-Romanian
### Etymology

From Latin pilus. Compare Aromanian per, Romanian păr.

### Noun

per m
* hair

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English pere, peru.

#### Noun

per
* Alternative form of pere (“pear”)

### Etymology 2

From Medieval Latin pera.

#### Noun

per
* Alternative form of pere (“bridge pillar”)

### Etymology 3

From Old French per.

#### Noun

per
* Alternative form of pere (“peer”)

#### Adjective

per
* Alternative form of pere (“equal”)

## Mòcheno
### Etymology 1

From Middle High German bër, from Old High German bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (“bear”). Cognate with German Bär, English bear.

#### Noun

per m
* bear

### Etymology 2

From Middle High German ber, from Old High German beri, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją (“berry”). Cognate with German Beere, English berry.

#### Noun

per n
* berry

##### Derived terms

* himper
* schbòrzper
* eaper

### References

* “per” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin per (related to native for).

### Preposition

per (abbreviated pr.)
* For each, for every, per.
    Motoren roterer 1000 ganger per minutt. ― The engine rotates 1000 times per minute.
    per porsjon ― for each portion
    per dag ― per day

#### Synonyms

* (for each): for hver, i, om

#### Derived terms

* per stykk

### References

* “per” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin per (related to native for).

### Preposition

per (abbreviated pr.)
* For each, for every, per.
    per porsjon ― for each portion
    per dag ― per day

#### Derived terms

* per stykk

### References

* “per” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin per, from Proto-Italic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛr
* Syllabification: per

### Preposition

per
* (literary) forms adverbs from nouns [with nominative]
    Synonym: na

### Further reading

* per in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* per in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romani
### Alternative forms

* pir, poriá

### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Armenian փոր (pʻor, “belly, abdomen”). Doublet of pori.

### Noun

per f (plural pera)
* (anatomy) abdomen, belly

#### Derived terms

* peréskero

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “փոր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
* Paspati, Alexandre G. (1870) “per”, in Études sur les Tchinghianés; ou, Bohémiens de l'Empire ottoman (in French), Constantinople: Impr. A. Koroméla, page 422

## Sardinian
### Etymology

From Latin per.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /per/

### Preposition

per
* per, by, through

## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* pr (dated)

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

per
* For each; for every
    Motorn roterar 1000 varv per minut.The engine goes 1000 revolutions per minute.

### Anagrams

* rep

## Volapük
### Noun

per (nominative plural pers)
* loss

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Derived terms

* peräd
* perot
* perön

## Zazaki
### Noun

per
* page