# kami
## English
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Japanese 神 (kami, “god, spirit, deity”).

#### Noun

kami (plural kamis or kami)
* (religion, Shinto) An animistic god or spirit in the Shinto religion of Japan.
* (philosophy) The metaphysical causal generator of motion, life, or divinish aura.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 紙 (kami, “paper”).

#### Noun

kami (plural kami)
* (papercraft) A basic origami paper, usually printed with a colour or pattern on one side.

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* Mika, maki

## Aklanon
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronoun

kami
* we (exclusive)

## Alangan
### Pronoun

kamí
* we (exclusive of the person spoken to)

## Amis
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *kami. Compare Malay kami (“we”).

### Pronoun

kami
* we (exclusive of the person spoken to)

#### See also
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈmi/ [kaˈmi]
* Hyphenation: ka‧mi

### Pronoun

kamí (Basahan spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)
* we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
    Nagtatrabaho kami sa sarong kompanya. Ika?We work at a company. You?

#### See also
## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ka‧mi
* IPA: /kaˈmi/ [kɐˈmi]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

#### Pronoun

kamí (Badlit spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)
* we; us (1st person plural exclusive absolutive form)

##### See also

$^1$ Forms in this column are placed after the verb or predicate they modify, and never used at the start of sentences. $^2$ Forms in this column are literary and rarely used colloquially. $^3$ Ta is used over nako or ko where the object is a second-person singular pronoun.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Giangan kami.

#### Noun

kamí (Badlit spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)
* (Davao) Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni)

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kami m (plural kami)
* kami (spirit)

### Further reading

* “kami”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hanunoo
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *k-ami (“we (exclusive)”, 1pl. excl. nominative pronoun).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈmi/ [kɐˈmi]
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: ka‧mi

### Pronoun

kamí (Hanunoo spelling ᜣᜫᜲ)
* we; us (exclusive)

#### See also

| Person | Number | Direct | Indirect | Oblique |
| First | singular | ako | niko | kangko, kang |
| First | plural inclusive | kita | nita | kanta |
| First | plural exclusive | kami | nimi | kanmi |
| Second | singular | kawo, ka | nimo | kanmo |
| Second | plural | kamo | niyo | kanyo |
| Third | singular | siya | niya | kanya |
| Third | plural | sida | nida | kanda |

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 138
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ami”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Hiligaynon
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ka‧mi
* IPA: /kaˈmi/ [kaˈmi]

### Pronoun

kamí
* we (exclusive)

### See also
## Iban
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.mi/

### Pronoun

kami
* we (exclusive)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay kami, from Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈkami/ [ˈka.mi]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ami
* Syllabification: ka‧mi

### Pronoun

kami
* first person plural exclusive (not including you) pronoun: we, us, our
    Kami akan mengajarkan adik-adik tentang kebersihan.We will teach you about hygiene.
    Terima kasih telah membantu kami!Thank you for helping us!
    Ini tugas kami, bu.This is our assignment, miss.
* editorial we; first person plural pronoun, which refers to institution the speaker/writer is acting for: we, us, our

#### Derived terms

* kekamian

#### See also

* kita (“we, us, our (inclusive)”)
* This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language.
* The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms, titles, or the like.
* The enclitics are only used obliquely (object or possessor), while the proclitic is only used as a subject.

### Further reading

* “kami” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Inonhan
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronoun

kami
* we; us (exclusive of the person spoken to)

## Japanese
### Romanization

kami
* Rōmaji transcription of かみ

## Javanese
### Romanization

kami
* Romanization of ꦏꦩꦶ.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kami/
* Rhymes: -ami
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)

### Pronoun

kami (Jawi spelling کامي)
* we, us, our (exclusive of the person spoken to)
* I, me, my

#### Synonyms

* kita orang (colloquial)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: kami

### See also

* kita (inclusive of the person spoken to)

### Further reading

* “kami” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mansaka
### Pronoun

kami
* we (exclusive)

## Maranao
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronoun

kami
* we (exclusive)

## Mongondow
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kami/

### Pronoun

kami
* we (first person plural exclusive nominative pronoun; not including you)

### See also

* kita (“we (inclusive)”)

## Musi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kami/

### Pronoun

kami
* we (exclusive); I and other(s) but not those I am addressing
* we: the speaker/writer alone. (This use of we is the editorial we, used by writers and others, including royalty—the royal we—as a less personal substitute for I. The reflexive case of this sense of we is ourself.)
* us (exclusive); me and other(s) but not those I am addressing
* our (exclusive); my and of other(s) but not of those I am addressing
* ours

#### Related terms

* kitéq

## Old Sundanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronoun

kami
* I, me (1st person singular pronoun)
** c. 16th century, Carita Parahiyangan:Ujar sang apatih, "Kami pun dititahan Rahiyangtang Sanjaya. Disuruh ngadugaan ka dinih. Saha nu diwastu dijieun ratu?"The patih replied: "I was ordered by Rahiang Sanjaya to investigate here. Who is the person who was appointed and declared as the king?"
* we (1st person plural exclusive pronoun)

#### Descendants

* > Sundanese: kami (inherited)

## Ratagnon
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronoun

kamí
* we (exclusive of the person spoken to)

## Sakizaya
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.ˈmi/, [ka.ˈmi]

### Pronoun

kami
* we (exclusive)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamy, preserving the reflex of word-final */y/, which was lost in standard words kȃm and kȁmēn.

### Noun

kami m (Cyrillic spelling ками)
* (regional, obsolete) stone

### References

* Skok, Petar (1972) “kami”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 2 (K – poni¹), Zagreb: JAZU, page 26

## Sundanese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Sundanese kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronoun

kami (Sundanese script ᮊᮙᮤ)
* (dialectal, Banten, Brebes) I; me
    Synonym: aing
    Coordinate terms: abdi, kuring, urang, aing, kami, kula, kaula, sim kuring

### See also

$^1$ Informal. $^2$ Formal. $^3$ Expressing speaker's superiority. $^4$ Dialectal form. $^5$ Toward younger. $^6$ Respectful.
* The personal pronouns may vary depending on the dialect.
* The second person pronouns maybe replaced by kinship terms, titles, or the like.
* The second and third person singular pronouns maybe used plurally.

### Further reading

* Coolsma, S (1913) Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij
* Tjatur Wisnu Sasangka, Sry Ssatriya (1997) Bahasa Sunda di Kabupaten Brebes (Bahasa dan Sastra) (in Indonesian), XV, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa – Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, page 50

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* cami — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling
* kmi — Internet and text messaging slang

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kaˈmi/ [kɐˈmi], (colloquial) /kaˈme/ [kɐˈmɛ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: ka‧mi

### Pronoun

kamí (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)
* we; us (exclusive of the person spoken to)
    Nagtatrabaho kami sa isang kumpanya. Ikaw?We work at a company. You?

#### Derived terms

* kami-kami

#### See also

| Person | Number | Direct (ang) | Indirect (ng) | Oblique (sa) |
| First | singular | ako | ko | akin |
| First | dual$^1$ | kita, kata | nita, nata, ta | kanita, kanata, ata |
| First | plural inclusive | tayo | natin | atin |
| First | plural exclusive | kami | namin | amin |
| First & Second | singular | kita$^2$ | kita$^2$ | |
| Second | singular | ikaw, ka | mo | iyo |
| Second | plural | kayo, kamo | ninyo, niyo | inyo |
| Third | singular | siya | niya | kaniya |
| Third | plural | sila | nila | kanila |
| $^1$ First person dual pronouns are not commonly used in Standard Tagalog. $^2$ Replaces ko ikaw. |||||

### Further reading

* “kami”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* maki-, kima

## Tausug
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /kami/ [k̠ɑˈmi]
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: ka‧mi

### Pronoun

kami (Sulat Sūg spelling كَمِ)
* we (exclusive)

## West Albay Bikol
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronoun

kamí
* we (exclusive of the person spoken to)

## Yogad
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

### Pronoun

kami
* we (exclusive of the person spoken to)