# bak
## Translingual
### Symbol

bak
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Bashkir.

## English

* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

### Etymology 1
#### Adverb

bak (not comparable)
* (text messaging) Abbreviation of back.

### Etymology 2

From Korean 박 (bak).

#### Noun

bak (plural baks)
* A wooden clapper used in Korean courts and rituals

### Anagrams

* BKA, kab

## Acehnese
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bak
* trunk (of a tree)

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Afrikaans
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/

### Etymology 1

From Dutch bak, from French bac.

#### Noun

bak (plural bakke, diminutive bakkie)
* covered bowl, basin
* tub, vat
* boot (UK), trunk (US) of a car

##### Derived terms

* bakoor

### Etymology 2

From Dutch bakken, from Middle Dutch backen.

#### Verb

bak (present bak, present participle bakkende, past participle gebak)
* to bake
* to fry

## Albanian
### Etymology

Either a variant of bark, or from Proto-Albanian *bauka, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw (“to blow, swell”), close to Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, body”), Dutch buik (“belly”), German Bauch (“belly, stomach”), Swedish buk (“belly, abdomen”).

### Noun

bak m (plural baqe, definite baku, definite plural baqet)
* belly, stomach

#### Synonyms

* bark
* lukth

#### Derived terms

* bakull

#### Related terms

* bukur

## Balinese
### Romanization

bak
* Romanization of ᬩᬓ᭄

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɑk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bak
* Rhymes: -ɑk

### Etymology 1

From French bac.

#### Noun

bak m (plural bakken, diminutive bakje n)
* container, such as a box, a crate, a tray or a tub
    Synonym: krat
* (informal, usually in the plural) a large amount, lots
    Het regent bakken met water. ― It's raining lots of water.
* (Netherlands) drinking vessel, usually a cup or mug
    Synonyms: kop, mok
* (informal, Netherlands, Belgium, Bargoens) the slammer, jail, prison
    Synonyms: bajes, gevang, gevangenis, lik, nor
* (colloquial) a vehicle, a car
    Synonyms: auto, kar, wagen, waggie

##### Derived terms

* afvalbak
* asobak
* bak troost
* bakkenist
* bloembak
* engelenbak
* glasbak
* Haags bakkie
* papierbak
* patserbak
* pisbak
* plantenbak
* pooierbak
* prullenbak
* ragbak
* roestbak
* sjoelbak
* vergaarbak
* versnellingsbak
* voederbak
* voerbak

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: bak
* Berbice Creole Dutch: baksi
* Negerhollands: bak
** → Virgin Islands Creole: bak, baks (archaic)
* → Caribbean Hindustani: báki
* → Caribbean Javanese: bak, bag
* → Indonesian: bak, baki
** → Javanese: ꦧꦏꦶ (baki)
** → Ternate: baki
* → Javanese: ꦧꦏ꧀ (bak)
* → Papiamentu: baki (from the diminutive)
* → Sranan Tongo: baki
** → Caribbean Javanese: baki

### Etymology 2

From versnellingsbak, from etymology 1.

#### Noun

bak m (plural bakken, diminutive bakje n)
* Short for versnellingsbak.

##### Derived terms

* handbak

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

bak m (uncountable)
* The act of baking (food).

##### Derived terms

* koekenbak
* wafelbak

#### Verb

bak
* inflection of bakken:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### Etymology 4

From Middle Dutch *bak, bake, baec (“meat from the back of a pig”), from Old Dutch *bak (“back, rear”), from Proto-Germanic *baką. Cognate with English back, Icelandic bak. Etymologically related to bakboord and achterbaks.

#### Noun

bak m (plural bakken, diminutive bakje n)
* The meat of a pig, pork.
* A pig.

### Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

bak m (plural bakken, diminutive bakje n)
* A joke, crack.

##### Derived terms

* jij-bak

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

### Noun

bak n (genitive singular baks, plural bøk)
* back

#### Declension
### See also

* bringa
* barmur
* bulur
* búkur
* rumpa
* kroppur

## Garo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Postposition

bak
* (follows locative case -cha) side, position, in the direction of
* part, section

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French barque (“small boat”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/

### Noun

bak
* ferryboat, flat-bottomed boat
* tray used by street vendors

### References

* Targète, Jean and Urciolo, Raphael G. Haitian Creole-English dictionary (1993; →ISBN)

## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of bak – see 沐 (“to stain”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 沐).

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From German Bock (“buck”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɒk]
* Rhymes: -ɒk

### Noun

bak (plural bakok)
* buck (a male goat, or the male of other small ruminants, such as the chamois or roe)
** 1981, Gyula Viga, “Az állatok, a tartás technikája”, in Népi kecsketartás Magyarországon‎:Bakot főként a pásztorok tartottak, általában 40-50 jerkére egyet.Bucks were mostly kept by herders, usually one for every 40-50 does.
* (historical) box seat, box (driver’s seat on a horse-drawn carriage or cart)
** 1856, Mór Jókai, “A rém”, in A régi jó táblabírák:A kocsis mellett a bakon ült az ispán, akinek jó volt ott is.The count was sitting next to the coachman on the box, which suited him just fine.
* trestle, sawhorse (support, usually made of wooden beams, with a pair of divergent legs at each end)
** 2007, István Balogh, “Törökkávé”, in Szilveszter Szilveszter‎:Az öreg ladikot fenékkel fölfelé két bakra állítják.The old punt is placed bottom up on two trestles.
* drawing horse, donkey bench (short bench for art students, with a raised end used to prop up a drawing board)
** 2010, Katalin Vámosi, “Mazsaroff Miklós életének főbb mozzanatai”, in Mazsaroff Miklós 1929–1997: A természet igézetében‎:A mester teraszán rajzoltunk a nemrégiben beszerzett néhány bakon.We used to draw on the master’s terrace on a couple of recently acquired drawing horses.
* (in set phrases) boost, leg up (cupping one’s hands so as to form a step for someone who is attempting to climb)
** 2009, László Béres, “Utca így még nem várt karácsonyt”, in Petőfi Népe‎, volume 64, number 3:Ugyan már, bakot tart, én kimászok, leadom a létrát és mindketten kint vagyunk a gödörből.Oh come on, you give me a leg up, I climb out, lower the ladder, and we’re both out of the pit.

#### Derived terms

* baklövés
* bűnbak
* bakot lő

### Further reading

* bak in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* bak in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paːk/
* Rhymes: -aːk

### Noun

bak n (genitive singular baks, nominative plural bök)
* (anatomy) back
* back, backside

#### Derived terms

* ber er hver að baki, nema sér bróður eigi
* stólbak

## Indonesian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/
* Hyphenation: bak

#### Preposition

bak
* preposition to denote comparison
** kedua anak muda itu wajahnya mirip, bak pinang dibelah dua

### Etymology 2

From Dutch bak (“container, vessel”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɑk/
* Hyphenation: bak

#### Noun

bak
* container
* water container

#### Compounds

* bak cuci
* bak makanan
* bak mandi
* bak pengering
* blumbak

##### Related terms

* baki

### Etymology 3

From Hokkien 墨 (ba̍k, “ink; Chinese ink”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/
* Hyphenation: bak

#### Noun

bak
* black Chinese ink

### Etymology 4

Onomatopoeic.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/
* Hyphenation: bak

#### Noun

bak
* sound of slapping or punching

### Further reading

* “bak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Jamaican Creole
### Etymology

Derived from English back.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/

### Adverb

bak
* back
** 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 2 Korintiyan 6:12:Wi naa uol bak wi lov fi unu bot unu a uol bak fi unu lov fi wi.We don't hold back our love for you but you hold back your love for us.

### Noun

bak (plural bak dem, quantified bak)
* back (of the body)
    Mi bak de hat mi.My back is hurting.

### Further reading

* bak at majstro.com

## Javanese
### Romanization

bak
* Romanization of ꦧꦏ꧀

## Luxembourgish
### Verb

bak
* second-person singular imperative of baken

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

#### Alternative forms

* bac, bacc, back, backe, bakke, bakk, bake

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/

#### Noun

bak (plural bakkes)
* The back, hind, or rear of a being's body:
** c. 1300, Havelok, Havelok the Dane
    Summe putten with gleyue in bac and side, And yeuen wundes longe and wide.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** (figurative) What a person or creature carries or takes with themself/itself.
** (rare) The parts of a person which aren't visible to themself.
* The back, of something more generally; the non-facing side.
* The vertebrae or spine; the bone holding up the back.
* (rare) The extremities, margin or boundary of something.
* (rare) The fur or hide of an animal (removed from an animal)

##### Derived terms

* abak
* bakbon
* bak side
* bakward
* horsbak
* thornbak

##### Descendants

* English: back
* Scots: back, bak, bake

##### See also

* beli
* behinde

##### References

* “bak, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-12.

### Etymology 2

From abak.

#### Alternative forms

* bac, bakk

#### Adverb

bak
* backward

##### Descendants

* English: back
* Yola: bak

##### References

* “bak, adv. (& adj.).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 3

A shortening of Old Swedish nattbakka.

#### Noun

bak (plural bakkes)
* Alternative form of bakke (“bat”)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

#### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

#### Adverb

bak
* at the back, behind
    bak fram - back to front
    for langt bak - too far back / behind

#### Preposition

bak
* behind
    bak kulissene - behind the scenes

#### Noun

bak m (definite singular baken, indefinite plural baker, definite plural bakene)
bak n (definite singular baket, indefinite plural bak, definite plural baka or bakene)
* (anatomy) behind, bottom, backside
    et spark bak - a kick in / up the backside (etc.)
* back, rear, seat (of trousers)
* buttocks

##### Derived terms

* bakbein
* bakben
* bakbord
* bakdel
* bakdør
* bakende
* bakevje
* bakfjel
* bakfjøl
* bakfot
* bakfra
* bakgard
* bakgate
* bakgrunn
* bakgård
* bakhand
* bakhjul
* bakhode
* bakhold
* bakhun
* bakhånd
* bakklok
* bakkropp
* baklader
* bakladning
* baklampe
* baklekse
* baklem
* baklengs
* bakli
* baklomme
* bakluke
* baklur
* baklykt
* baklys
* bakmann
* bakmeis
* bakol
* bakole
* bakom
* bakover
* bakpart
* bakparti
* bakre
* bakrom
* baksele
* baksete
* bakside
* bakskott
* bakskut
* bakslag
* baksmekk
* baksmell
* baksnakk
* baksnakke
* bakspeller
* bakspiller
* bakstrev
* bakstrever
* bakstuss
* baktale
* baktalelse
* baktanke
* bakteppe
* baktil
* baktropp
* baktung
* bakut
* bakvaske
* bakveg
* bakvei
* buksebak
* handbak
* håndbak

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

bak
* imperative of bake

### References

* “bak” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɑːk/

### Adverb

bak
* at the back, behind
    bak fram - back to front
    for langt bak - too far back / behind

### Preposition

bak
* behind
    bak kulissane - behind the scenes

### Noun

bak m (definite singular baken, indefinite plural bakar, definite plural bakane)
bak n (definite singular baket, indefinite plural bak, definite plural baka)
* (anatomy) behind, bottom, backside
    eit spark bak - a kick in / up the backside (etc.)
* back, rear, seat (of trousers)

#### Derived terms

* bakbein
* bakbord
* bakdel
* bakdør
* bakende
* bakevje
* bakfjøl
* bakfot
* bakgard
* bakgate
* bakgrunn
* bakhald
* bakhall
* bakhand
* bakhjul
* bakhon
* bakhovud
* bakhun
* bakklok
* bakkropp
* bakladar
* baklading
* baklampe
* bakleies
* baklekse
* baklem
* baklengs
* bakli
* bakljos
* baklomme
* bakluke
* baklur
* baklykt
* baklys
* bakmann
* bakmeis
* bakol
* bakom
* bakore
* bakover
* bakpart
* bakparti
* bakre
* bakrom
* baksele
* baksete
* bakside
* bakskott
* bakskut
* bakslag
* baksmell
* baksmikk
* baksnakk
* baksnakka
* baksnakke
* bakspelar
* bakstrev
* bakstrevar
* bakstuss
* baktale
* baktanke
* bakteppe
* baktil
* baktropp
* baktung
* bakut
* bakvaske
* bakveg
* buksebak
* handbak

### References

* “bak” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Deverbal from bakać. First attested in 1448–1450.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /baːk/
* IPA: (15th CE) /bɒk/

### Noun

bak m animacy unattested
* (attested in Masovia) shout, yell
    Synonym: bakliwość
** 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 9:Paan, sz bakem a s gwalthowym ghelkem przydancz do sandv (dominus cum clamore et violento strepitu ad iudicium veniens), wyną pyancznadzescza ma bicz skaran[Pan z bakiem a z gwałtowym giełkiem przydąc do sądu (dominus cum clamore et violento strepitu ad iudicium veniens), winą pięćnadzieścia ma być skaran]

#### Related terms

* bakanie
* bakliwość
* bakać impf
* zbakać pf

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɑk/

### Noun

bak n
* back (body part)
* back (rear part of something)

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: bak
** ⇒ Middle Low German: *huckebak
*** Low German: Huckeback
**** → German: huckepack

## Phalura
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/

### Adverb

bak (Perso-Arabic spelling بک)
* Co-lexicalized intensifier

### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “bak”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbak/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: bak
* Homophones: Bak, bug

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Russian бак (bak), from Dutch bak or German Back or English back.

#### Noun

bak m inan
* tank (fuel reservoir of a vehicle)
    Hypernym: zbiornik
* tank (tankful)

##### Declension

tankful:

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Backenbart.

#### Noun

bak m inan (diminutive baczek)
* sideburn
    Synonyms: baczek, bokobrody, faworyt

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

bak f
* genitive plural of baka

### Further reading

* bak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* M. Arcta Słownik Staropolski/Bak on the Polish Wikisource.Wikisource $^{pl}$

## Sahu
### Etymology

From Dutch bak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/

### Noun

bak
* a water-basin

### References

* Leontine Visser, Clemens Voorhoeve (1987) Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary, Brill

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɑːk/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish baker, from Old Norse bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką. Related to English back.

#### Adverb

bak (not comparable)
* behind, at the back

##### Antonyms

* fram

##### Related terms

* bakom
* bakre (adjective)
* bakerst (adverb)
* bakersta (adjective)
* bakerste (adjective)

#### Preposition

bak
* (dated) behind, 'hind
    när månen döljer sig bak vinrankan
       when the moon hides 'hind the grape vine

#### Noun

bak c
* behind, ass, butt

##### Declension
#### Noun

bak n
* baking
    Inget doftar som mors bak.Nothing smells like mom's baking.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Turkish bak.

#### Verb

bak (present bak, preterite bak, supine bak, imperative bak)
* (slang) Alternative form of bakk

### References

* bak in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bak in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bak in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* bak in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Fula Ordboken
* Slangopedia

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

bak
* second-person singular imperative of bakmak

#### Descendants

* → Swedish: bakk

## Tzeltal
### Noun

bak
* bone

## Tzotzil
### Pronunciation

* (Zinacantán) IPA: /ɓäkʰ/

### Noun

bak
* bone

#### Derived terms

* kʼatin bak

### References

* Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English bak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/ (spelled back)

### Adverb

bak
* back
** 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, lines 19:A pipere vel bak lik own in a smote,The piper fell back like one well smitten,

### References

* ↑ Diarmaid Ó Muirithe (1990) “A Modern Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy”, in lrish University Review‎, volume 20, number 1, Edinburgh University Press, page 154
* ↑ Kathleen A. Browne (1927) “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎, volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 133

## Zhuang
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /paːk˧˥/
* Tone numbers: bak$^7$
* Hyphenation: bak

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *paːkᴰ (“mouth”).
In Northern Tai, cognate with Saek ป̄าก.
In Central Tai, cognate with Nong Zhuang baeg.
In Southwestern Tai, cognate with Thai ปาก (bpàak), Northern Thai ᨸᩣ᩠ᨠ, Lao ປາກ (pāk), Shan ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak), Lü ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak), Tai Dam ꪜꪱꪀ, Ahom 𑜆𑜀𑜫 (pak), Tai Nüa ᥙᥣᥐᥱ (pǎak).
Compare Southern Kam bags (“mouth”), Proto-Be *ɓaːkᴰ¹ (“mouth”) (whence ɓak⁷ in modern lects).
Compare also Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqbaq (whence Cebuano baba, Eastern Cham ꨚꨝꩍ (pabah), Hawaiian vaha).

#### Noun

bak (Sawndip forms 咟 or 㕷 or 北 or 𫩡 or 拍 or 剥 or 𠺣 or 吧, 1957–1982 spelling bak)
* mouth
* entrance; opening
* account of or response to a particular issue
* cutting edge of a tool
* stitch; distance between stitches

### Etymology 2

From Chinese 百 (MC paek).
In Southewesten Tai, cognate with Thai ปาก (bpàak), Lao ປາກ (pāk), Lü ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak), Shan ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak).

#### Numeral

bak (1957–1982 spelling bak)
* hundred

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University , page 323
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 古壮字字典 [Dictionary of Old Zhuang Characters] (in Chinese), Guangxi: Ethnic Publishing House (广西民族出版社), 2012, →ISBN