# 悠悠
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yōuyōu
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ ㄧㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^4$ jau$^4$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun$^1$ hiun$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yōuyōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ ㄧㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: youyou
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^1$-yu$^1$
*** Yale: yōu-yōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iouiou
*** Palladius: юю (juju)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯⁵⁵ joʊ̯⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$呦呦 悠悠
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^4$ jau$^4$
*** Yale: yàuh yàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^4$ jau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^4$ yeo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯²¹ jɐu̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiun$^1$ hiun$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ hiuⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /hĩũ³³⁻²³ hĩũ³³/
* Middle Chinese: yuw yuw
Rime :
| Character | 悠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以周切 |
| Baxter | yuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juw/ |
| Li Rong | /iu/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*liw liw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lɯw lɯw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 悠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yōu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*liw/ |
| English | long-brooding |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 悠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15479 |
| Phonetic component | 攸 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 猷 |
| Old Chinese | /*lɯw/ |

### Adjective

悠悠
* long; drawn-out; lasting for ages; remote (in time or space)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zhān bǐ rì yuè, yōuyōu wǒ sī. [Pinyin]
    [I] look at that sun and moon. Long are my thoughts.
* leisurely; unhurried; carefree
* (literary) numerous; a great number of
* (literary) preposterous; absurd; ridiculous
* (literary) agitated; anxious; pensive

#### Derived terms

* 悠悠忽忽
* 悠悠球 (yōuyōuqiú)
* 悠悠蕩蕩 / 悠悠荡荡
* 慢悠悠 (mànyōuyōu)
* 晃晃悠悠 (huànghuangyōuyōu)
* 篤悠悠 / 笃悠悠
* 蕩蕩悠悠 / 荡荡悠悠
* 顫悠悠 / 颤悠悠

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 悠 | 悠 |
| ゆう Grade: S | ゆう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 悠々

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ゆうゆう [yùúyúú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ゆうゆう [yùúyúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [jɯ̟ːjɯ̟ː]

### Adjective

悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう) • (yūyū) $^†$-tari (adnominal 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)とした (yūyū to shita) or 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)たる (yūyū taru), adverbial 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)と (yūyū to) or 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)として (yūyū to shite))
* calm; quiet; sedate; leisurely
* abundant
* far; remote; unlimited; everlasting

#### Derived terms

* 悠々(ゆうゆう)自(じ)適(てき) (yūyū jiteki)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN