# граница
## Bulgarian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *granica. Synchronically parsable as гран (gran, “edge, verge”) +‎ -ица (-ica).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡranit͡sɐ]

#### Noun

гра́ница • (gránica) f
* border, boundary, frontier (line or demarcation separating regions)
    зад гра́ница ― zad gránica ― abroad (literally, “behind a border”)
* limit, bound, margin
    в гра́ниците на ― v gránicite na ― within the limits of

##### Coordinate terms

* край (kraj, “end, edge”)
* преде́л (predél, “bound”)
* межда́ (meždá, “boundary, balk”)
* слог (slog, “delimiter”) (dialectal)
* скро́ма (skróma, “constrainer”) (obsolete)
* праг (prag, “treshold”)

##### Derived terms

* грани́ча (graníča) (essive)
** ограни́ча pf (ograníča), ограни́чавам impf (ograníčavam, “to bound, to delimit”)
** разграни́ча pf (razgraníča), разграни́чавам impf (razgraníčavam, “to demarcate”)

#### References

* “гра́ница”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “граница”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* Nayden Gerov (1895) “гра́ница”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 245
* Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “граница”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 274

### Etymology 2

From гран (gran, “tree's canopy”) +‎ -и́ца (-íca).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡrɐˈnit͡sɐ]

#### Noun

грани́ца • (graníca) f
* (dialectal) sessile oak
    Synonym: гору́н (gorún)

##### Alternative forms

* гръни́ца (grǎníca), гърни́ка (gǎrníka) — in dialects with unstressed vowel reduction

#### References

* “грани́ца (диал.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* Nayden Gerov (1895) “грани́ца”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 245

#### Further reading

* Nayden Gerov (1895) “гръни́ка”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 252

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *granica.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡranit͡sa]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -it͡sa

### Noun

граница • (granica) f (plural граници, relational adjective граничен)
* border

#### Declension
## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic граница (granica) attested in Southern Rus' since 1375 and speculated to be an Old Polish loan, even though there's no scholarly consensus, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *granica. The more common Muscovite term was Middle Russian рубежъ (rubež), but it was to some extent displaced, perhaps under Polish and Ruthenian influence. By surface analysis, грань (granʹ) +‎ -и́ца (-íca).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡrɐˈnʲit͡sə]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

грани́ца • (graníca) f inan (genitive грани́цы, nominative plural грани́цы, genitive plural грани́ц)
* border, boundary, bounds, confines, frontier
    Synonyms: преде́л (predél), рубе́ж (rubéž)
    пересе́чь грани́цу ― pereséčʹ granícu ― to cross the border

#### Related terms

* грани́чить (graníčitʹ)
* граничный (graničnyj)
* заграни́ца (zagraníca)
* заграни́чный (zagraníčnyj)
* неограни́ченный (neograníčennyj)
* ограниче́ние (ograničénije)
* ограни́ченный (ograníčennyj)
* пограни́чник (pograníčnik)
* пограни́чный (pograníčnyj)

#### Descendants

* → Yakut: кыраныысса (kıranııssa)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *granica. Compare гра́на.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrǎnit͡sa/
* Hyphenation: гра‧ни‧ца

### Noun

гра̀ница f (Latin spelling grànica)
* border
    државна граница ― country border
    прећи границу ― to cross the border
* boundary, limit
    у границама закона ― within the boundaries of law
    прешао си границу! ― You crossed the line!

#### Declension
### References

* “граница”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025