# than
## English
### Alternative forms

* 'n (nonstandard)
* thanne (obsolete)
* then (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English than, thanne, from Old English þanne, a variant of þonne (“then, since, because”), from Proto-West Germanic *þan, from Proto-Germanic *þan (“at that, at that time, then”), from earlier *þam, from Proto-Indo-European *tóm, accusative masculine of *só (“demonstrative pronoun, that”).
Cognate with Dutch dan (“than”), German denn (“than”), German dann (“then”). Doublet of then.

### Pronunciation

* (stressed form) enPR: thăn, thĕn, IPA: /ðæn/, /ðɛn/
** Audio (US, stressed form):(file)
** Rhymes: -æn, -ɛn
* (unstressed form) enPR: thən, IPA: /ðən/, [ðn̩]
** Audio (US, unstressed form):(file)
* Homophone: then (unstressed form, also for some speakers stressed form)

### Conjunction

than
* Used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison.
** 2013 July 20, “Old Soldiers?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun is so much more lethal than the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless.
** 1665, Edward Stillingfleet, William Laud, Thomas Carwell, A Rational Account of the Grounds of Protestant Religion:Answer me if you can, any other way, than because the Scriptures, which are infallible, Say so.
    she's taller than I am; she found his advice more witty than helpful; we have less work today than we had yesterday; We had no (other) choice than to return home; I love you more than (what) she does.
* (obsolete outside dialects, usually used with for) Because; for.
** 1854, Reformation series:
    If thou say yes, then puttest thou on Christ (that is, the wisdome of God, the Father) unkunning, unpower, or euil will: for than he could not make his rule so good as an other did his.
** 1668, William Lawson, A Way to Get Wealth:You shall also take the fine earth or mould which is found in the hollow of old Willow trees, rising from the root almost to the middle of the Tree, at least so far as the tree is hollow, for than this, there is no earth or mould finer or richer.

### Preposition

than
* introduces a comparison, and is associated with comparatives, and with words such as more, less, and fewer. Typically, it seeks to measure the force of an adjective or similar description between two predicates.
    Patients diagnosed more recently are probably surviving an average of longer than two years.
    No player is more skillful than Greg.

#### Usage notes

Usage prescriptivists have a number of rules concerning than. According to them, than is not a preposition to govern the oblique case (although it has been used as such by writers such as William Shakespeare, whose 1600 play Julius Caesar contains the line A man no mightier than thyself or me. . ., and Samuel Johnson, who wrote No man had ever more discernment than him, in finding out the ridiculous.). Than functions as both conjunction and preposition; when it is used as a conjunction, it governs the nominative case, and when a preposition, the oblique case. To determine the case of a pronoun following "than", a writer can look to implied words and determine how they would relate to the pronoun.
Examples :
* You are a better swimmer than she.
** represents You are a better swimmer than she is.
** therefore You are a better swimmer than her is, according to such prescriptivists, a solecism.
* They like you more than her.
** represents They like you more than they like her.
** therefore They like you more than she is a solecism, if it attempts to represent the previous sentence. It may be correct, however, if it represents They like you more than she likes you.
Some prescriptivists insist that whom must follow than (not who); although according to the above rule, who would be the "correct" form in the first example. Critics of this often cite this mandatory exception as evidence that the prescriptivist rule is logically erroneous, in addition to its being inconsistent with well-established usage.

#### Translations
### Adverb

than (not comparable)
* (now chiefly dialectal or a misspelling) At that time; then.

### Anagrams

* ha'n't, tahn, Hnat, hant, ha'nt, Nath, NAHT, han't, -anth, anth.

## Bih
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Chamic *dhaːn, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqan (“branch, bough”).

### Noun

than
* branch

## Cornish
### Noun

than
* Aspirate mutation of tan.

## Haroi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Chamic *dhaːn, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqan (“branch, bough”).

### Noun

than
* branch

## Jarai
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Chamic *dhaːn, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqan (“branch, bough”).

### Noun

than
* branch

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* thanne

### Etymology

From Old English þonne.

### Conjunction

than
* than
** 1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 10–11:Now is þ[er] ony ſeyde Marlyon that ye love more than a noþ[er] ·(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* English: than

### Adverb

than
* then
** 14th Century, Chaucer, General Prologue
    And whan that he wel dronken hadde the wyn, Than wolde he speke no word but Latyn.
       And when he had drunk all the wine He would not speak a word other than Latin

#### Descendants

* English: then
* Yola: than

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þan

### Adverb

than
* then

#### References

* Altniederfränkischer Psalm 2

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* thanne, thanna, dhanne, danne, danna

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þan

### Adverb

than
* then, there, when, at that time

### Conjunction

than
* from there, therefore, if, because, after
* than, (comparative)

#### References

* Braune, Wilhelm. Althochdeutsches Lesebuch, zusammengestellt und mit Glossar versehen

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [tʰaːn˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [tʰaːŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [tʰaːŋ˧˧]
* Homophone: thang

### Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 炭 (“coal”, SV: thán).

#### Noun

than • (炭, 炮)
* coal
    than củi ― charcoal

##### Derived terms

* lầm than
* nếp than
* than bùn
* than đá
* than hoạt tính
* than tổ ong

### Etymology 2

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 嘆 (SV: thán).

#### Verb

than
* to complain

##### Derived terms

* khóc than
* than khóc
* than thở
* than trách
* than vãn

### Anagrams

* tanh

## Welsh
### Preposition

than
* Aspirate mutation of tan.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English than, from Old English þonne.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðan/

### Adverb

than
* then
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:Zitch vezzeen, tarvizzeen, 'tell than w'ne'er zey.Such driving, and struggling, 'till then we ne'er saw.
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 8, page 86:Than caame ee shullereen, ee teap an corkite;Then came the shouldering, tossing, and tumbling;
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:Than stalket, an gandelt, wie o! an gridane.Then stalked and wondered, with oh! and with grief.

### Preposition

than
* than
** 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:An neeat wooden trenshoorès var whiter than snow.And neat wooden trenchers far whiter than snow.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86 & 96