# tor
## English
### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /toɹ/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /tɔː/
* (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /toː/
** Audio (General Australian):(file)
* (Scotland) IPA: /tɔːɹ/
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
* Homophones: torr; tore (horse–hoarse merger); tour (UK, pour–poor merger); taw (non-rhotic)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English tor, torr-, from Old English torr, tor (“a high rock, lofty hill, tower”), possibly from Proto-Celtic, compare Old Welsh *tor (“hill”); ultimately from Latin turris (“tower”), from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”), of non-Indo-European origin.
Cognate with Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr, Welsh tŵr, Irish tor, French tor, and Romansch tor/tur/tuor; the first four are Celtic (from Latin turris), the last two directly from Latin turris (from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) and τύρσις (túrsis)). It is not clear whether the Celtic forms were borrowed from Old English or vice versa. Doublet of tourelle, tower, and turret.

#### Noun

tor (plural tors)
* (geology) A craggy outcrop of rock on the summit of a hill, created by the erosion and weathering of rock.
** 1855, Charles Kingsley, Westward Ho!: Or, The Voyages and Adventures of Sir Amyas Leigh, Knight, […], volume I, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, page 183:Bursdon and Welsford were then, as now, a rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree, […]
** 1901 August – 1902 April, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, chapter 9, in The Hound of the Baskervilles: Another Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, London: George Newnes, […], published 1902, →OCLC:The moon was low upon the right, and the jagged pinnacle of a granite tor stood up against the lower curve of its silver disc.
* (South-West England) A hill with such rock formation.
** 2008, Lydia Joyce, Shadows of the Night‎, Signet Eclipse, →ISBN, page 242:She had slipped the letters into her pocket next to the packet of antique documents and had taken an umbrella—as the sky was ominous out over the distant tors—and strolled around the manor house and down the road toward the village.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

tor (comparative more tor, superlative most tor)
* Alternative form of tore ("hard, difficult; strong; rich").

### See also

* TOR
* Tor
* torr
* Torr

### Anagrams

* ORT, OTR, ROT, RTO, TRO, ort, rot

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch tor, from Middle Dutch torre. Compare the probably cognate Germanic etymology of English dor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔr/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tor (plural torre)
* beetle

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* tornu

### Etymology

From Latin tornō. Compare Romanian turna, torn.

### Verb

tor first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative tore, past participle turate)
* to return, come back
* to pour
* to respond
* to rethink

#### Related terms

* turari
* turat
* arãstor

#### See also

* vers

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *tor. Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (tor, “net”), Southern Altai тор (tor, “net”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)
* net

#### Declension
## Breton
### Etymology

From Middle Breton torr, teur, from Old Breton tar, from Proto-Celtic *torr-V- (“belly”), of uncertain origin; according to Matasovic, of non-Indo-European origin, but according to MacBain, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to turn, rub”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *þarmaz (“guts, intestines”), Ancient Greek τάμισος (támisos, “rennet”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoːr/

### Noun

tor m (plural torioù, collective toroù)
* (anatomy) belly, stomach, abdomen

#### Synonyms

* kof

### Noun

tor
* Hard mutation of dor.

### References

* Matasović, Ranko (2009) “torrV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 385
* MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “tor”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN, page tàrr

## Cimbrian
### Etymology

From Middle High German tor, from Old High German tor, from Proto-Germanic *durą (“large door; gate”). Cognate with German Tor, English door.

### Noun

tor n (Luserna)
* gate, gateway
* large doorway

### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toːr/, [tˢoːˀɐ̯]

### Verb

tor
* present of to

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch torre, of uncertain origin, possibly an imitative Middle Dutch base turren (“buzz”). Compare cognate West Frisian tuorre, toarre.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔr/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: tor
* Rhymes: -ɔr

### Noun

tor f (plural torren, diminutive torretje n)
* beetle, insect of the order Coleoptera

#### Synonyms

* kever

#### Derived terms

* boktor
* kniptor
* meeltor
* schildpadtor
* watertor

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: tor

### Further reading

* van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “tor”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

### Anagrams

* rot

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtor]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: tor
* Rhymes: -or

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

tor (plural torok)
* (literary, archaic or folksy) meal, repast, feast (ceremonial meal held after weddings, funerals, or other special occasions)
    Synonym: lakoma
    halotti tor ― funeral feast
    disznótor ― meal on pig-killing day (literally, “pig meal”)

##### Derived terms

* disznótor

### Etymology 2

From Latin thorax, from Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “breastplate, chest”), created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

#### Noun

tor (plural torok)
* (zoology) thorax (of an arthropod)
    Coordinate terms: fej, potroh

##### Declension
### Further reading

* (ceremonial meal): tor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (thorax): tor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪ˠɔɾˠ/
* (Munster) IPA: /t̪ˠʌɾˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish tor.

#### Noun

tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)
* bush, shrub; clump, tuft
    Synonym: tom
* head (of cabbage)
    Synonym: ceann

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
tor
toir
vocative
a thoir
a thora
genitive
toir
tor
dative
tor
toir
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an tor
na toir
genitive
an toir
na dtor
dative
leis an tor don tor
leis na toir :

##### Derived terms

* ó thor go tom (“from pillar to post”)
* tor caprais (“caper”)
* tor nimhe (“poison oak”)

### Etymology 2

Probably from Proto-Celtic (Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr), possibly borrowed from Old English torr (“a high rock, tower”), though the reverse is more likely; all ultimately from Latin turris (“tower”) and of non-Indo-European origin.
More at English tor and tor. Also compare Latin Taurini.

#### Noun

tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)
* (geography) tall rock; steep rocky height
* (literary) tower; towering warrior, pillar (of battle)

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
tor
toir
vocative
a thoir
a thora
genitive
toir
tor
dative
tor
toir
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an tor
na toir
genitive
an toir
na dtor
dative
leis an tor don tor
leis na toir :

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

tor m
* Alternative form of toradh

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)
* Alternative form of tarathar

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
tor
toir
vocative
a thoir
a thora
genitive
toir
tor
dative
tor
toir
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an tor
na toir
genitive
an toir
na dtor
dative
leis an tor don tor
leis na toir :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, pages 91–181
* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “tor”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tor”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* “tor”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin turris, turrim.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Gascony):(file)

### Noun

tor f (plural tors)
* tower
    Synonym: torre
* (chess) rook

#### See also

Chess pieces in Occitan · pèças d'escacs (layout · text) :
| rèi | rèina | tor | fòl | cavalièr | pion |

## Old English
### Noun

tor m
* Alternative form of torr

## Old French
### Etymology 1

From Latin turrim, from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis).

#### Alternative forms

* tur, tour, toer

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtuɾ/
* Rhymes: -ur

#### Noun

tor oblique singular, f (oblique plural tors, nominative singular tor, nominative plural tors)
* tower

##### Descendants

* Middle French: tour
** French: tour
*** → Breton: tour
*** → Russian: тура́ (turá)
*** → Ukrainian: тура́ (turá)
* Walloon: tour
* → Middle Low German: tōrn, tōren
** German Low German: Toorn, Toren
** → Estonian: torn
** → Latvian: tornis
** → Old Norse: turn
*** Danish: tårn
*** Faroese: torn
*** Icelandic: turn
*** Norwegian: tårn
**** → Northern Sami: toardna
*** Old Swedish: torn
**** Swedish: torn
**** → Finnish: torni
* → Old Dutch: turn
** Middle Dutch: torre
*** Dutch: toren (see there for further descendants)
*** Limburgish: toeare
*** West Flemish: torre
* → Old English: torr, tūr, tor
** Middle English: tour, thour, tor, tore, toure, towere, towour, tur
*** English: tower (see there for further descendants)
*** Scots: tour, towr
*** Yola: toweare
* → Old Frisian: torn
** West Frisian: toer
* → Old High German: turn
** Middle High German: turn, turm, tuorn, torn, torm
*** Alemannic German: Durm, Tuure
*** Bavarian: Tuam
*** Central Franconian:
**** Hunsrik: Torrem
**** Luxembourgish: Tur
*** German: Turm (see there for further descendants)
*** Yiddish: טורעם (turem)
*** → Polish: turma
* → Irish: túr
* → Scottish Gaelic: tùr

### Etymology 2

From Latin taurus.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔr/
* Rhymes: -ɔr

#### Noun

tor oblique singular, m (oblique plural tors, nominative singular tors, nominative plural tor)
* bull (bovine)

##### Derived terms

* torel (whence French taureau)

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔr
* Syllabification: tor

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *torъ, from *terti.

#### Noun

tor m inan
* track, course, path
* rail track
* lane (a part of a sports track)
* trajectory

##### Derived terms

* dwutorowy
* torowy
* podtorze
* torowiec
* torowisko
* torować

### Etymology 2

From Latin thorium, from Old Scandinavian Thorr.

#### Noun

tor m inan
* thorium

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Named for Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist.

#### Noun

tor m inan (abbreviation Tr)
* torr

##### Declension
### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

tor
* genitive plural of tora

### Further reading

* tor in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* tor in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

From Latin torus.

### Noun

tor n (plural toruri)
* torus

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* tur (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan)
* tuor (Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader)

### Etymology

From Latin turris, turrem, from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis).

### Noun

tor m (plural tors)
* (Surmiran) tower

## Scanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [téʊːɐ]

### Noun

tor
* March (month)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *torъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tôːr/

### Noun

tȏr m (Cyrillic spelling то̑р)
* corral, cote

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “tor”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “tor”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Turkish
### Alternative forms

* toru
* toy

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *tōr- (“a kind of young animal”). Related to toy.

#### Noun

tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)
* young
* novice
* whelp
* beginner
* recruit

##### Declension
#### References

* „tor“ in the dictionary of the Turkish language (TDK)
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “toraman”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “torun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “torlak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *tor (“net for catching birds or fish”). Cognate with Azerbaijani tor and Kazakh тор (tor).

#### Noun

tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)
* (dialectal) net, mesh
* (dialectal, by extension) mosquito net
* (dialectal) trap

## Uzbek
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *d(i)ār.

### Adjective

tor (comparative torroq, superlative eng tor)
* narrow, tight

### Noun

tor (plural torlar)
* string

## Venetan
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

tor
* (transitive) to take
* (transitive) to get

## Volapük
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [toɾ]

### Noun

tor (nominative plural tors)
* bull

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Synonyms

* hibub

#### Antonyms

* kun
* jibub

#### Derived terms

* torül (“bull calf, male calf”)

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔr/

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from torri

#### Noun

tor m (uncountable)
* breaking, breach

##### Derived terms

* di-dor (“uninterrupted, continuous”)
* tor contract (“breach of contract”)
* tor cyfraith (“breach of law”)
* tor diogelwch data (“data breach”)
* tor heddwch (“breach of the peace”)

#### Verb

tor
* (literary) third-person singular present/future of torri
    (colloquial) torrith, (colloquial) torriff
* (literary) second-person singular imperative of torri
    (colloquial) torra

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

tor f (plural torrau or torroedd, diminutive torryn)
* abdomen

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tor”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies