# tumbuk
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* toemboek (1901–1947)
* tombok (Jakarta)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt̪um.bʊk̚]
* Hyphenation: tum‧buk

### Etymology 1

From Malay tumbuk, from Classical Malay تومبوق (tumbuk), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumbuk.

#### Verb

tumbuk
* to pound; to crush; to strike

##### Derived terms

* bertumbuk
* bertumbukan
* ditumbuk
* ditumbukkan
* menumbuk
* menumbukkan
* penumbuk
* penumbukan
* tertumbuk
* tumbukan
* tumbuk tanak

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Javanese tumbuk.

#### Noun

tumbuk (plural tumbuk-tumbuk)
* celebration of one's Windu birthday (every eight years)

### Further reading

* “tumbuk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese

Javanese writing system :
| Carakan | ꦠꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦏ꧀ |
| Pegon | |
| Roman | tumbuk |

### Etymology

From Old Javanese tumbuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumbuk.

### Noun

tumbuk
* traditional ceremony held to celebrate someone's eight-year cycle Windu birthday

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: tumbuk

### Verb

tumbuk
* to collide head-on; to knock against; to strike each other
* to coincide with; to be the same as

#### Derived terms

* numbuk
* tumbukan

### Further reading

* The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2011) “tumbuk”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), 2nd edition, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumbuk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tumbuʔ/
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [ˈt̪um.bʊʔ], [ˈt̪um.boʔ]
* Rhymes: -boʔ, -oʔ

### Verb

tumbuk (Jawi spelling تومبوق)
* to punch; to strike
* to pound; to crush

#### Synonyms

* tinju

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* penumbuk [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* penumbukan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* tumbukan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
* menumbuk [agent focus] (meN-)
* menumbukkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* ditumbuk [patient focus] (di-)
* ditumbukkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
* tertumbuk [agentless action] (teR-)
* bertumbuk [stative / habitual] (beR-)
* bertumbukan [repetition / reciprocity + stative / habitual] (-an + beR-)
* bertumbuk-tumbuk [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)
* bertumbuk-tumbukan [reduplication + repetition / reciprocity + stative / habitual] (redup + -an + beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* menumbuk-numbuk

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: tumbuk (inherited)

### Further reading

* “tumbuk” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumbuk.

### Verb

tumbuk
* to hit with a thump

#### Derived terms

* panumbuk
* tinumbuk

#### Descendants

* Javanese: tumbuk

### Further reading

* "tumbuk" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.