# sultan
## English
### Alternative forms

* sultân (archaic)
* sulṭān (rare)

### Etymology

From French sultan, from Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultan), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān, “strength, authority, ruler”). (compare Hebrew שִׁלְטוֹן (shiltón) and Hebrew סוּלְטָן (sultán)). Doublet of soldan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsʌltən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Hyphenation: sul‧tan
* Rhymes: -ʌltən

### Noun

sultan (countable and uncountable, plural sultans or (rare, only in certain senses) salateen)
* (historical) The holder of a secular office, formally subordinate to, but de facto the power behind the throne of, the caliph.
* A hereditary ruler in various Muslim states (sultanate), varying from petty principalities (as in Yemen), often vassal of a greater ruler, to independent realms, such as Oman, Brunei, Morocco (until 1956) or an empire such as the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
** 2006, “Jambi”, performed by Tool:Here from the king's mountain view Here from the wild dream come true Feast like a sultan, I do On treasures and flesh never few
* (card games, uncountable) A variant of solitaire, played with two decks of cards.
* A breed of chicken originating in Turkey, kept primarily in gardens for ornamental reasons. See: sultan (chicken)

#### Derived terms

* sultan tit
* sultana
* sultanate

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 蘇丹 / 苏丹 (sūdān)

#### Translations
### See also

* sultana bird

### References

* ↑ “sultan”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2008

### Anagrams

* Naults, unlast

## Azerbaijani
### Alternative forms

* soltan

### Etymology

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sultan (definite accusative sultanı, plural sultanlar)
* sultan

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sultan” in Obastan.com.

## Danish
### Etymology

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

### Noun

sultan c (singular definite sultanen, plural indefinite sultaner)
* sultan (ruler)

#### Declension
### References

* “sultan” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Turkish sultan, from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsʏl.tɑn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sul‧tan

### Noun

sultan m (plural sultans, feminine sultane)
* sultan, a Muslim ruler title
* a certain pastry

#### Derived terms

* sultana f
* sultanaat n
* sultane f
* sultanshoen n

### References

* M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch]

## Estonian
### Etymology

From German Sultan.

### Noun

sultan (genitive sultani, partitive sultanit)
* sultan (ruler)

#### Derived terms

* sultaniriik

#### Related terms

* sultanaat

### Further reading

* “sultan”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* sultan in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French sultan (“ruler of a Muslim state”), from Ottoman Turkish سلطان. See English sultan for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /syl.tɑ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sultan m (plural sultans, feminine sultane)
* a sultan: a Muslim ruler with a certain title
* a silk-ornamented basket
* a perfume sachet to put in a linen coffer

#### Synonyms

* soudan

#### Descendants

* → Faroese: sultánur
* → Portuguese: sultão

### References

* Nouveau Petit Larousse illustré. Dictionnaire encyclopédique. Paris, Librairie Larousse, 1952, 146th edition

### Further reading

* “sultan”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Icelandic
### Noun

sultan
* definite nominative singular of sulta

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay sultan, from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority, ruler, prince”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsʊltan]
* Hyphenation: sul‧tan

### Noun

sultan (plural sultan-sultan)
* sultan
    Synonyms: baginda, raja

#### Derived terms

* kesultanan

### Further reading

* “sultan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority, ruler, prince”).

### Noun

sultan (Jawi spelling سلطان, plural sultan-sultan, informal 1st possessive sultanku, 2nd possessive sultanmu, 3rd possessive sultannya)
* sultan (ruler)

#### Derived terms

* kesultanan

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: sultan
* → Min Nan: 史丹 (sú-tan)
* → Tagalog: sultan

### Further reading

* “sultan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Maltese
### Alternative forms

* soltan

### Etymology

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sulˈtaːn/

### Noun

sultan m (plural slaten, feminine sultana, diminutive slajten or slajtan)
* (dated, historical or figurative) king, monarch, ruler
    Synonym: re
** 2008, Trevor Żahra, Il-Ġenn li Jżommni f’Sikti, Merlin Publishers, →ISBN:Is-sema bagħatlu sabi u s-sultan żamm kelmtu!(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Usage notes

* The word is rare for the kings of modern internationally recognised states, but is otherwise still used in a broader or historical sense. Compare the same in saltna versus renju.

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish سلطان (or an Old Anatolian Turkish ancestor) or directly from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

### Noun

sultan m (plural sultans)
* sultan (ruler of a Muslim state)

#### Descendants

* French: sultan
** → Faroese: sultánur
** → Portuguese: sultão
* → English: sultan

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

### Noun

sultan m (definite singular sultanen, indefinite plural sultaner, definite plural sultanene)
* sultan (ruler)

### References

* “sultan” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

### Noun

sultan m (definite singular sultanen, indefinite plural sultanar, definite plural sultanane)
* sultan (ruler)

### References

* “sultan” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Piedmontese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sylˈtaŋ/

### Noun

sultan m
* sultan (ruler)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultan), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sulˈtan/

### Noun

sultan m (plural sultani)
* sultan

#### Derived terms

* sultană
* sultănesc

### Further reading

* sultan in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish سلطان (compare Turkish sultan), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān). First attested in the 13th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sǔltaːn/
* Hyphenation: sul‧tan

### Noun

sùltān m (Cyrillic spelling су̀лта̄н)
* sultan

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2021) “sùltān”, in Dubravka Ivšić Majić, Tijmen Pronk, editors, Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika [Etymological dictionary of the Croatian language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes II: O—Ž, Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, page 404

### Further reading

* “sultan”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovene
### Noun

sultan m
* sultan (ruler)

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

### Further reading

* “sultan”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

### Noun

sultan c
* sultan (ruler)

#### Descendants

* → Finnish: sulttaani

### Further reading

* sultan in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (14th ed., online)

### Anagrams

* anslut, lustan, lutans, slutna

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Either from Malay sultan or from Spanish sultán, ultimately from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /sulˈtan/ [sʊlˈt̪an̪]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: sul‧tan

### Noun

sultán (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔)
* sultan (hereditary ruler in various Muslim states)

#### Related terms

* sultanato
* sultaniya
* sultana

#### See also

* datu
* dayang
* Gat
* hari
* ladya
* lakan
* Panginoon
* poon
* raha
* reyna

### Further reading

* “sultan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Tausug
### Etymology

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority, ruler, prince”).

### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /sultan/ [sʊlˈt̪an̪]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: sul‧tan

### Noun

sultan (Sulat Sūg spelling سُلْطَان)
* sultan (Muslim king)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultân), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority”) (compare Hebrew שִׁלְטוֹן (shiltón)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suɫˈtɑ(ː)n/

### Noun

sultan (definite accusative sultanı, plural sultanlar)
* A monarchic title for Sunni Muslim monarchs.
* A noble title for monarch's mother, wives and children.
* An honorific title for Bektashi saints.
* A breed of chicken originating in Turkey, kept primarily in gardens for ornamental reasons. See: sultan (chicken)

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
sultan
sultanlar
definite accusative
sultanı
sultanları
dative
sultana
sultanlara
locative
sultanda
sultanlarda
ablative
sultandan
sultanlardan
genitive
sultanın
sultanların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
sultanım
sultanlarım
2nd singular
sultanın
sultanların
3rd singular
sultanı
sultanları
1st plural
sultanımız
sultanlarımız
2nd plural
sultanınız
sultanlarınız
3rd plural
sultanları
sultanları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
sultanımı
sultanlarımı
2nd singular
sultanını
sultanlarını
3rd singular
sultanını
sultanlarını
1st plural
sultanımızı
sultanlarımızı
2nd plural
sultanınızı
sultanlarınızı
3rd plural
sultanlarını
sultanlarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
sultanıma
sultanlarıma
2nd singular
sultanına
sultanlarına
3rd singular
sultanına
sultanlarına
1st plural
sultanımıza
sultanlarımıza
2nd plural
sultanınıza
sultanlarınıza
3rd plural
sultanlarına
sultanlarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
sultanımda
sultanlarımda
2nd singular
sultanında
sultanlarında
3rd singular
sultanında
sultanlarında
1st plural
sultanımızda
sultanlarımızda
2nd plural
sultanınızda
sultanlarınızda
3rd plural
sultanlarında
sultanlarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
sultanımdan
sultanlarımdan
2nd singular
sultanından
sultanlarından
3rd singular
sultanından
sultanlarından
1st plural
sultanımızdan
sultanlarımızdan
2nd plural
sultanınızdan
sultanlarınızdan
3rd plural
sultanlarından
sultanlarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
sultanımın
sultanlarımın
2nd singular
sultanının
sultanlarının
3rd singular
sultanının
sultanlarının
1st plural
sultanımızın
sultanlarımızın
2nd plural
sultanınızın
sultanlarınızın
3rd plural
sultanlarının
sultanlarının
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
sultanım
sultanlarım
2nd singular
sultansın
sultanlarsın
3rd singular
sultan sultandır
sultanlar sultanlardır
1st plural
sultanız
sultanlarız
2nd plural
sultansınız
sultanlarsınız
3rd plural
sultanlar
sultanlardır :

#### Derived terms

* çelebi sultan
* haseki sultan
* saplı sultan
* sultan böreği
* sultan camileri
* sultan kethüdası
* sultan tavuğu
* sultani
* sultanibuselik
* sultanihüzzam
* sultaniyegâh
* sultanküpesi
* sultanlık
* sultanoğlu
* valide sultan

## Yakan
### Noun

sultan
* sultan (Muslim king)