# storm
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /stɔːm/
* (General American) IPA: /stɔɹm/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)m

### Etymology 1

From Middle English storm (“disturbed state of the atmosphere; heavy precipitation; battle, conflict; attack”) [and other forms], from Old English storm (“tempest, storm; attack; storm of arrows; disquiet, disturbance, tumult, uproar; onrush, rush”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *sturm (“storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to propel; to urge on”). Related to stir.
* Danish storm (“storm”)
* Dutch storm (“storm”)
* German Sturm (“storm”)
* Icelandic stormur (“storm”)
* Low German storm (“storm”)
* Norwegian Bokmål storm (“storm”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk storm (“storm”)
* Scots storm (“storm”)
* Swedish storm (“storm”)
* West Frisian stoarm (“storm”)

#### Noun

storm (plural storms)
* Any disturbed state of the atmosphere causing destructive or unpleasant weather, especially one affecting the earth's surface involving strong winds (leading to high waves at sea) and usually lightning, thunder, and precipitation; a tempest.
    The boat was torn to pieces in the storm, and nobody survived.
** 1594, Robert Garnier, translated by Thomas Kid [i.e., Thomas Kyd], Pompey the Great, His Faire Corneliaes Tragedie: […], London: […] [James Roberts] for Nicholas Ling, published 1595, →OCLC, act I, signature A2, verso:Thou toyl'ſt in perrill, and the vvindie ſtorme, / Doth topſide-turuey toſſe thee as thou floteſt.
** 1594, Robert Garnier, translated by Thomas Kid [i.e., Thomas Kyd], Pompey the Great, His Faire Corneliaes Tragedie: […], London: […] [James Roberts] for Nicholas Ling, published 1595, →OCLC, act V, signature K3, verso:But ſeeing that there the murdring Enemie, / Peſle-meſle, purſued them like a ſtorme of hayle, / They gan retyre vvhere Iuba vvas encampt; […]
** 1595 December 9 (first known performance), [William Shakespeare], The Tragedie of King Richard the Second. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Valentine Simmes for Androw Wise, […], published 1597, →OCLC,:[W]e heare this fearefull tempeſt ſing, / Yet ſeeke no ſhelter to auoid the ſtorme: / We ſee the vvind ſit ſore vpon our ſailes.
** 1597, J[ohn] Donne, “The Storme. To Mr Christopher Brooke.”, in Poems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] for Iohn Marriot, […], published 1633, →OCLC, page 57:And vvhat at firſt vvas call'd a guſt, the ſame / Hath novv a ſtormes, anon a tempeſts name.
** 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv], page 121, column 1:[W]hy vvhat's the matter? / That you haue ſuch a Februarie face, / So full of froſt, of ſtorme, and clovvdineſſe.A figurative use.
** 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 9, column 1:Here's neither buſh, nor ſhrub to beare off any vveather at all: and another Storme brevving, I heare it ſing ith' vvinde: yond ſame blacke cloud, yond huge one, lookes like a foule bumbard that vvould ſhed his licquor: […]
** 1677, Tho[mas] Herbert, Some Yeares Travels into Divers Parts of Africa, and Asia the Great. […], 4th edition, London: […] R. Everingham, for R. Scot, T. Basset, J[ohn] Wright, and R. Chiswell, →OCLC, page 11:[D]uring this late tuffon, lightning vvas ſeen to fall and hang like fire, ſometimes to skip to and fro about the Yards and Tackling of our Ships. […] [S]ome call Hermes fire; Saint Elmo others; […] vvithall believing, that vvhen tvvo are ſeen, they foretel Halcyon vveather and ſafety; if one, it imports danger; but three threaten ſtorms and ſhipvvrack. Sed non ego credulus illis [But I am not credulous of them], vvell-knovving that theſe Meteors are no other than natural Exhalations.
** 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part V”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 111:When storm is on the heights, and right and left / Suck'd from the dark heart of the long hills roll / The torrents, dash'd to the vale: and yet her will / Bred will in me to overcome it or fall.
** 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXIII, page 52:O thou that after toil and storm / Mayst seem to have reach'd a purer air, / Whose faith has centre everywhere, / Nor cares to fix itself to form, […]A figurative use.
** 2012 January, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-01-10, page 70:Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
** (by extension) A heavy fall of precipitation (hail, rain, or snow) or bout of lightning and thunder without strong winds; a hail storm, rainstorm, snowstorm, or thunderstorm.
** (by extension) Synonym of cyclone (“a weather phenomenon consisting of a system of winds rotating around a centre of low atmospheric pressure”)
** (by extension, Canada, Scotland, US, dated) A period of frosty and/or snowy weather.
** (meteorology) A disturbed state of the atmosphere between a severe or strong gale and a hurricane on the modern Beaufort scale, with a wind speed of between 89 and 102 kilometres per hour (55–63 miles per hour; 10 on the scale, known as a "storm" or whole gale), or of between 103 and 117 kilometres per hour (64–72 miles per hour; 11 on the scale, known as a "violent storm").
* (figurative)
** A heavy expulsion or fall of things (as blows, objects which are thrown, etc.).
    a storm of bullets
*** 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “The Eleuenth Booke of Godfrey of Bulloigne”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC, stanza 34, page 202:Adrastus firſt aduanſt his creſt aloft, / And boldly gan a ſtrong ſcalado reare, / And through the falling ſtorme did vpward clime / Of ſtones, dartes, arrovves, fire, pitch and lime: […]
*** 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 544–546:[F]or this day will pour down, / If I conjecture aught, no drizling ſhowr, / But ratling ſtorm of Arrows barbd with fire.
*** 1817,, “Canto Sixth”, in Harold the Dauntless; […], Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, stanza XV, page 194:Then rose / His mace, and with a storm of blows / The mortal and the demon close.
*** 1833 (date written), Alfred Tennyson, “St. Simeon Stylites”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 53:I will not cease to grasp the hope I hold / Of saintdom, and to clamour, mourn and sob, / Battering the gates of heaven with storms of prayer, / Have mercy, Lord, and take away my sin.A figurative use.
*** 2023 September 22, HarryBlank, “Off Track”, in SCP Foundation‎, archived from the original on 25 May 2024:"Sorry about the bullet storm," Corbin said as they approached her living quarters. "I'm a bit of a bet-hedger these days."
** A violent agitation of human society; a domestic, civil, or political commotion.
    Synonyms: tempest, tumult
    The proposed reforms have led to a political storm.
*** c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 211, column 2:Savv you no more? Mark'd you not hovv hir ſiſter / Began to ſcold, and raiſe vp ſuch a ſtorme, / That moral eares might hardly indure the din.
*** 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 133, column 1:VVhiles I in Ireland nouriſh a mightie Band, / I vvill ſtirre vp in England ſome black Storme, / Shall blovve then thouſand Soules to Heauen, or Hell: […]
*** 1613, Francis Bacon, “A.D. 1613, July–December. Ætat. 53. The Charge of Sir Francis Bacon, Knight, His Majesty’s Attorney-General, Touching Duels; […].”, in James Spedding, editor, The Works of Francis Bacon, […]: The Letters and the Life of Francis Bacon […], volume IV, London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, published 1858, →OCLC, page 400:[When] private men begin once to presume to give law to themselves, and to right their own wrongs, no man can foresee the dangers and inconveniences that may arise and multiply thereupon. It may cause sudden storms in Court, to the disturbance of his Majesty, and unsafety of his person.The spelling has been modernized.
*** 1739, John Wesley, Charles Wesley, “Acts iv. 29.”, in Hymns and Sacred Poems, London: […] William Strahan; and sold by James Hutton, […]; and at Mr. Bray’s, […], →OCLC, part II, stanza VI, page 203:Bold may I vvax, exceeding bold / My high Commiſſion to perform, / Nor ſhrink thy harſheſt Truths t' unfold, / But more than meet the gathering Storm.
*** 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter X, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume II, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 623:But they were all speedily thrown into the shade by two younger Whigs [Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax and John Somers, 1st Baron Somers], who, on this great day, took their seats for the first time, who soon rose to the highest honors of the state, who weathered together the fiercest storms of faction, […]
*** 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, “Deportment”, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC, page 131:Pa told me, only yesterday morning, (and dreadfully unhappy he is) that he couldn't weather the storm. […] I should like to make out how Pa is to weather the storm. I declare if I was Pa, I'd run away!
** A violent commotion or outbreak of sounds, speech, thoughts, etc.; also, an outpouring of emotion.
    a storm of protest
*** 1611, [Miles Smith], “The Translators to the Reader”, in The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC:[W]as there euer any thing proiected, that fauoured any vvay of nevvneſſe or renevving, but the ſame endured many a ſtorme of gaine-ſaying, or oppoſition?
*** 1614–1615, Homer, “The Ninth Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC, page 211, lines 43–44:With storms of whistlings then his flock he drave / Up to the mountains; […]The spelling has been modernized.
*** 1693, Aulus Persius Flaccus, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus.] The First Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC, page 6:The Proſe is Fuſtian, and the Numbers lame. All Noiſe, and empty Pomp, a ſtorm of vvords, / Lab'ring vvith ſound, that little Sence affords.
*** 1712 June 28 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “TUESDAY, June 17, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 407; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 13:[H]ow much more they would have been alarmed had they heard him actually throwing out such a storm of eloquence?The spelling has been modernized.
*** a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 13, lines 296–299:Theſe, and a thouſand mixt emotions more, / From ever-changing vievvs of good and ill, / Form'd infinitely various, vex the mind / VVith endleſs ſtorm: […]
*** 1781 (date written), William Cowper, “Table Talk”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1782, →OCLC, page 26:The ſtrings are ſvvept vvith ſuch a povv'r, ſo loud, / The ſtorm of muſic ſhakes th' aſtoniſh'd crovvd.
*** 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part V”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 117:[Y]et a moment, and once more / The trumpet, and again: at which the storm / Of galloping hoofs bare on the ridge of spears / And riders front to front, until they closed / In the middle with the crash of shivering points, / And thunder.
*** 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter IV, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 484:He betrayed, however, no sign of fear or of shame, and faced the storm of invective which burst upon him for bar, bench, and witness box, with the insolence of despair.
*** 1864, Alfred Tennyson, “Aylmer’s Field”, in Enoch Arden, &c., London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 68:Sir Aylmer reddening from the storm within, / Then broke all bonds of courtesy, […]
*** 1894 January–July, Hall Caine, chapter IV, in The Manxman, London: William Heinemann, published 3 August 1894 (1 September 1894 printing), →OCLC, part I (Boys Together), page 17:When his playfellows ran after the dogs in their fanatic thirst, he ran too, but with a storm of other feelings.
** (pathology) Chiefly with a qualifying word: a violent attack of diease, pain, physiological reactions, symptoms, etc.; a paroxysm.
    asthmatic storm    cytokine storm
*** 1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Wherein are Rehearsed the Innumerable Misfortunes which Don-Quixote and His Good Squire Sancho Suffered in the Inne, which He to His Harme Thought to be a Castle”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 3, page 136:He ſvvet and ſvvet againe vvith ſuch exceſſiue ſvvoonings, as not only himſelfe, but likevviſe all the beholders, did verily deeme, that his life vvas ending. This ſtorme and miſhappe endured about ſome tvvo hovvres, after vvhich hee remayned not cured as his Maſter, but ſo vveary and indiſpoſed, as hee vvas not able to ſtand.
* (Canada, US, chiefly in the plural) Ellipsis of storm window (“a second window (originally detachable) attached on the exterior side of a window in climates with harsh winters, to add an insulating layer of still air between the outside and inside”).

##### Hyponyms

* barnstorm
* blamestorm
* blatherstorm
* boot storm
* brainstorm
* broadcast storm
* bug storm
* buzzstorm
* crapstorm
* cytokine storm
* duststorm
* earthquake storm
* earthstorm
* electrical storm
* electromagnetic storm
* email storm
* firestorm
* geomagnetic storm
* hail storm
* heat storm
* hundred-year storm
* ice storm
* interrupt storm
* ion storm
* leafstorm
* magnetic storm
* megastorm
* one-hundred-year storm
* pawn storm
* perfect storm
* quiet storm
* rainstorm
* reply all storms
* sandstorm
* seastorm
* shitstorm
* silver storm
* snowstorm
* solar storm
* substorm
* superstorm
* thunderstorm
* tropical storm
* tweetstorm
* Twitterstorm
* violent storm
* windstorm
* winter storm
* See also Thesaurus:storm

##### Coordinate terms

* (meteorology): breeze, gale, hurricane

##### Derived terms

* any port in a storm
* ark storm
* bestorm
* brain storm
* brain-storm
* calm before the storm
* cook up a storm
* Desert Storm syndrome
* dust storm
* eye of the storm
* fart in a windstorm
* fart in a wind storm
* fire storm
* fish storm
* Guadalupe storm petrel
* leaf-storm
* leaf storm
* lightning storm
* line storm
* lull before the storm
* mega-storm
* midstorm
* Pincoya storm petrel
* poststorm
* prestorm
* purple storm snail
* ride out the storm
* sand storm
* storm and stress
* storm beach
* storm-bird
* stormbound
* storm card
* storm cats and dogs
* storm cellar
* storm center
* storm chaser
* stormcloud
* storm cloud
* storm-cloud
* stormcock
* storm cone
* storm door
* storm drain
* storm drum
* stormfinch
* stormflow
* stormfront
* stormful
* stormglass
* storm glass
* storm in a glass of water
* storm in a tea-kettle
* storm in a teapot
* storm jib
* Storm Lake
* storm lantern
* stormless
* stormlessness
* stormlike
* storm match
* storm moon
* storm oil
* stormpath
* storm-petrel
* storm petrel
* stormproof
* storm-racked
* storm-relative helicity
* storm-ridden
* storm room
* storm sail
* storm sewer
* storm stay
* storm-stayed
* storm surge
* storm-swept
* storm tide
* stormtossed
* stormtrack
* storm troop
* stormtrooper
* storm-trooper
* storm trooper
* storm-voice
* stormwater
* stormwind
* storm window
* stormworthy
* storm-wracked
* stormy
* take by storm
* thyroid storm
* tropical-storm
* t-storm
* up a storm
* weather the storm
* whip up a storm
* Wilson's storm petrel
* wind storm

##### Descendants

* → Esperanto: ŝtormo
* → Irish: stoirm
* → Scottish Gaelic: stoirm

##### Translations

Afrikaans: storm
Aghwan: 𐔴𐕝𐔴𐕌 (eśem)
Ainu: ルヤㇺペ (ruyampe), アㇷ゚ト (apto)
Albanian: stuhi (sq), furtunë (sq) f
Amharic: ማዕበል (maʿbäl)
Arabic: عَاصِفَة f (ʕāṣifa), طُوفَان (ar) m (ṭūfān)
Hijazi Arabic: عَاصْفة f (ʕāṣfa)
Aragonese: tormenta f
Armenian: փոթորիկ (hy) (pʻotʻorik), մրրիկ (hy) (mrrik), հողմ (hy) (hoġm)
Aromanian: furtunã f
Assamese: ধুমুহা (dhumuha)
Asturian: tormenta (ast) f
Azerbaijani: fırtına (az), tufan (az)
Bashkir: дауыл (dawıl), буран (buran)
Basque: ekaitz (eu)
Belarusian: бу́ра f (búra), шторм m (štorm) (sea)
Belizean Creole: staam
Bengali: ঝড় (bn) (jhoṛ)
Bikol Central: bagyo (bcl)
Breton: arnev (br) m
Brunei Malay: ribut
Bulgarian: бу́ря (bg) f (búrja)
Burmese: လေမုန်တိုင်း (my) (lemuntuing:), မုန်တိုင်း (my) (muntuing:)
Catalan: tempesta (ca) f, temporal (ca) m, tempestat (ca) f
Cebuano: bagyo
Chechen: please add this translation if you can
Cherokee: ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ (ganolvsgi agasgi)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 風暴 / 风暴 (fung$^1$ bou$^6$)
Hokkien: 風暴 / 风暴 (zh-min-nan) (hong-pō)
Mandarin: 風暴 / 风暴 (zh) (fēngbào)
Chuvash: тӑвӑл (tăvăl)
Corsican: timpesta (co) f
Czech: bouře (cs) f, bouřka (cs) f
Danish: storm (da) c, stormvejr (da) n
Dutch: bui (nl) m or f, onweer (nl) n, onweersbui (nl) m or f
Egyptian: (qrr m), (nšnj m) (thunderstorm), (ḏꜥ m) (stormwind), (šnjt m) (hailstorm)
Esperanto: ŝtormo (eo), tempesto
Estonian: torm
Even: хуги (hugi)
Evenki: суги (sugi), хигин (higin)
Faroese: stormur m, ódn (fo) f
Finnish: myrsky (fi)
French: orage (fr) m, tempête (fr) f, tourmente (fr) f
Friulian: bovadice f, stravint m, temporâl, tristimp, borascjade, burlaç, codebuje, straleche
Galician: tormenta (gl) f, trebón (gl) m, treboada (gl) f, temporal (gl) m
Georgian: ქარიშხალი (karišxali)
German: Sturm (de) m
Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌰 f (skura)
Greek: καταιγίδα (el) f (kataigída)
Ancient: θύελλα f (thúella), καταιγίς m (kataigís)
Greenlandic: anorersuaq
Gujarati: please add this translation if you can
Hawaiian: ʻino
Hebrew: סְעָרָה (he) f (se'arà), סוּפָה (he) f (sufá)
Higaonon: bagyo
Hindi: आंधी (hi) f (āndhī), आँधी (hi) f (āndhī), अंधड़ (hi) m (andhaṛ)
Hungarian: vihar (hu)
Icelandic: stormur (is)
Ido: tempesto (io)
Indonesian: badai (id)
Ingrian: sää, tormi
Interlingua: tempesta
Inuktitut: sunnaittuq
Irish: stoirm (ga) f, doineann f, anfa m
Istriot: tenpesta f
Italian: tempesta (it) f, bufera (it) f, burrasca (it) f, temporale (it) m
Japanese: 嵐 (ja) (あらし, arashi), 暴風 (ja) (ぼうふう, bōfū)
Javanese: prahara (jv)
Kannada: please add this translation if you can
Kazakh: дауыл (kk) (dauyl), боран (boran)
Khmer: ព្យុះ (km) (pyuh), ព្យុះភ្លៀង (pyuh phliəng)
Korean: 폭풍(暴風) (ko) (pokpung)
Kyrgyz: бороон (ky) (boroon)
Lao: ພາຍຸ (phā nyu)
Latgalian: auka
Latin: tempestās f, procella f
Latvian: vētra (lv) f, viesulis m
Lithuanian: audra f
Livonian: tōvaz
Luxembourgish: Stuerm m
Macedonian: бура f (bura), невреме n (nevreme)
Malay: ribut (ms)
Malayalam: കൊടുങ്കാറ്റ് (ml) (koṭuṅkāṟṟŭ)
Manx: sterrym m, dorrin m
Maori: paroro, āwhā, pōkākā, tūpuhi, pāroro
Marathi: तुफान (tuphān), वादळ n (vādaḷ)
Mirandese: please add this translation if you can
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: шуурга (mn) (šuurga)
Nahuatl: quiyahuatl
Neapolitan: tempesta f
Norman: tempaête f (continental Normandy), tempête f (Jersey)
North Frisian:
Föhr: sturem m
Norwegian:
Bokmål: storm (no) m
Occitan: tempèsta (oc) f, tormenta (oc) f, auratge (oc)
Old French: tempeste f, orage m
Odia: ଝଡ଼ (or) (jhaṛa)
Ottoman Turkish: بورا (bora)
Pashto: توپان (ps) m (topãn), جکړ (ps) m (jakaṛ)
Persian:
Iranian Persian: طوفان (fa) (tufân), کولاک (fa) (kulâk) (at sea)
Polish: burza (pl) f, sztorm (pl) m inan (at sea)
Portuguese: tormenta (pt) f, tempestade (pt) f, intempérie (pt) f
Punjabi: ਤੂਫਾਨ (tūphān)
Romanian: furtună (ro)
Russian: бу́ря (ru) f (búrja) (windstorm), гроза́ (ru) f (grozá) (thunderstorm), шторм (ru) m (štorm) (at sea), бура́н (ru) m (burán)
Samoan: afā
Saterland Frisian: Stoarm
Scottish Gaelic: doineann f, sian f, stoirm m or f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: олу́ја f, не̏вре̄ме n, не̏врије̄ме n, не̏погода f
Roman: olúja (sh) f, nȅvrēme (sh) n, nȅvrijēme (sh) n, nȅpogoda (sh) f
Sicilian: burrasca (scn) f, purrasca (scn) f, timpesta (scn) f
Sinhalese: කුනාටුව (kunāṭuwa)
Slovak: búrka f
Slovene: nevihta (sl) f
Southern Altai: бороон (boroon)
Spanish: tormenta (es) f, tempestad (es) f, temporal (es) m
Swahili: dhoruba (sw), tufani (sw)
Swedish: storm (sv) c, oväder (sv) n
Tagalog: bagyo (tl)
Tajik: тӯфон (tg) (tüfon), бурон (buron)
Talysh: طوفان (tufân)
Tamil: புயல் (ta) (puyal)
Tatar: буран (tt) (buran), давыл (tt) (dawıl)
Tetum: anin fuik
Thai: พายุ (th) (paa-yú)
Tibetan: རླུང་འཚུབ (rlung 'tshub), དྲག་ཆར (drag char)
Tigrinya: ማዕበል (maʿbäl)
Tlingit: k'eeljáa
Tongan: taufa
Turkish: fırtına (tr)
Turkmen: harasaat, tupan
Tuvan: бораан (boraan)
Ukrainian: бу́ря (uk) f (búrja), шторм m (štorm) (sea)
Urdu: طُوفان m (tūfān), آنْدھی (ur) f (āndhī)
Uyghur: بوران (boran)
Uzbek: boʻron (uz)
Vietnamese: bão (vi), bão táp (vi)
Volapük: tep (vo)
Walloon: oraedje (wa) m, timpesse (wa) f
Welsh: cwthwm m, storm (cy) f, storom f, tymestl f, ystorm f
West Frisian: stoarm (fy) n
Wolof: please add this translation if you can
Yakut: силлиэ (sillie)
Yiddish: שטורעם m (shturem), אויפֿברויז n (oyfbroyz)
Yámana: tašeta
Zazaki: puk (diq) n, tofan c
Zulu: isiphepho :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* blizzard

### Etymology 2

The verb is derived from Middle English stormen (“of the wind: to blow violently; to cause to roll or toss”), from storm (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming the infinitives of verbs).
Compare Middle English sturmen (“to attack (someone) with great force”), from Old English styrman (“to rage, storm; to make a great noise, cry aloud, shout, storm”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturmijan (“to storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmijaną (“to storm”), from *sturmaz (“a storm”) (see etymology 1) + *-janą (suffix forming causatives from strong verbs, with a sense of ‘to cause to do [the action of the verb]’). The Middle English word did not survive into modern English.
The noun is derived from verb sense 2.3 (“to violently assault (a fortified position or stronghold, a building, etc.) with the aim of gaining control of it”).
* Dutch stormen (“to bluster, storm”)
* German stürmen (“to rage, storm; to assault, attack”)
* Icelandic storma (“to storm”)
* Low German stormen (“to storm”)
* Swedish storma (“to bluster, storm”)

#### Verb

storm (third-person singular simple present storms, present participle storming, simple past and past participle stormed)
* (impersonal, chiefly US) Preceded by the dummy subject it: to have strong winds and usually lightning and thunder, and/or hail, rain, or snow.
    It stormed throughout the night.
** 1840, R[ichard] H[enry] D[ana], Jr., chapter V, in Two Years before the Mast. […] (Harper’s Family Library; no. CVI), New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers […], →OCLC, page 34:Throughout the night it stormed violently—rain, hail, snow, and sleet beating upon the vessel—the wind continuing ahead, and the sea running high.
** 1869, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter III, in The Innocents Abroad, or The New Pilgrims’ Progress; […], Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company. […], →OCLC, page 35:We all like to see people seasick when we are not, ourselves. Playing whist by the cabin lamps when it is storming outside, is pleasant; walking the quarter-deck in the moonlight, is pleasant; […] but these are all feeble and commonplace compared with the joy of seeing people suffering the miseries of seasickness.
* (transitive)
** To make (someone or something) stormy; to agitate (someone or something) violently.
*** 1609, William Shakespeare, “A Louers Complaint”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC, signature K, verso:And dovvne I laid to liſt the ſad tun'd tale, / Ere long eſpied a fickle maid full pale / Tearing of papers breaking rings a tvvaine, / Storming her vvorld vvith ſorrovves, vvind and raine.
*** 1878, Robert Browning, “The Two Poets of Croisic”, in La Saisiaz: The Two Poets of Croisic, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, stanza 64, page 127:Meantime, our simulated thunderclaps / Which tell us counterfeited truths—these same / Are—sound, when music storms the soul, perhaps?
*** 1891 January, Rudyard Kipling, chapter XV, in The Light that Failed, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published March 1891, →OCLC, pages 334–335:The driver turned in the saddle to see if there were any chance of capturing the revolver and ending the ride. Dick roused, struck him over the head with the butt, and stormed himself wide awake.
** (figurative)
*** To disturb or trouble (someone).
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:annoy
*** To use (harsh language).
** (chiefly military) To violently assault (a fortified position or stronghold, a building, etc.) with the aim of gaining control of it.
    the storming of the Bastille
    Troops stormed the complex.
*** 1692 (date written), Matthew Prior, “Ode; in Imitation of Horace, 3 Od. ii.”, in The Poetical Works of Matthew Prior […], volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan, […], published 1779, →OCLC, stanza II, page 112:All night beneath hard heavy arms to vvatch; / All day to mount the trench, to ſtorm the breach; […]
*** 1820 July, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Philip of Pokanoket. An Indian Memoir.”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., 1st UK edition, volume II, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, pages 259–260:The assailants were repulsed in their first attack, and several of their bravest officers were shot down in the act of storming the fortress, sword in hand.
*** 1974, K. S. Karol, “The August of the Ultra-Left”, in Mervyn Jones, transl., The Second Chinese Revolution […], New York, N.Y.: Hill and Wang, →OCLC, page 278:The crowd was patient and never dreamed of storming Chungnanhai (which could scarcely have resisted a mass assault) and the most battle-tested groups made no attempt to send their commandos to kidnap the “highest leader.” Calm—if one may use the word—prevailed, and the group leaders were content to lead their followers in chanting slogans against Liu [Shaoqi] and quotations from Mao [Zedong]. The Chairman, like Vice-Chairman Lin Piao, had been away on a tour of inspection in the provinces since early July; at the time of the siege of Chungnanhai, he was in Wuhan.
*** (figurative, often poetic) To assault or gain control or power over (someone's heart, mind, etc.).
**** 1750 March 27 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Thomas Morell (lyrics), George Frideric Handel (music), Theodora: An Oratorio […], London: […] I. Walsh […], published [1751], →OCLC, page 17:No Engines can a Tyrant find, / to ſtorm the Truth-ſupported Mind, […]
** (by extension, especially in command economies) To catch up (on production output) by making frenzied or herculean efforts.
    They were storming near the end of the month to salvage some goodwill.
** (British, dialectal, agriculture) To protect (seed-hay) from stormy weather by putting sheaves of them into small stacks.
* (intransitive)
** Of the weather: to be violent, with strong winds and usually lightning and thunder, and/or hail, rain, or snow.
*** 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “December. Ægloga Duodecima.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], →OCLC, folio 50, verso:My harueſte haſts to ſtirre vp winter ſterne, / And bids him clayme with rigorous rage hys right. / So nowe he ſtormes with many a ſturdy ſtoure, / So now his bluſtring blaſt eche coſte doth ſcoure.
*** [1611?], Homer, “Book I”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, →OCLC; republished as The Iliads of Homer, Prince of Poets, […], new edition, volume I, London: Charles Knight and Co., […], 1843, →OCLC, pages 30–31:[H]e, whose bow thus storm'd / For our offences, may be calm'd.A figurative use.
*** 1612, Michael Drayton, “The Tenth Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, page 159:From Shetland ſtradling vvide, his [Boreas's] foote on Thuly ſets: / VVhence ſtorming, all the vaſt Deucalidon hee threts, / And beares his boyſtrous vvaues into the narrovver mouth / Of the Verginian Sea: […]
*** 1677, Tho[mas] Herbert, Some Yeares Travels into Divers Parts of Africa, and Asia the Great. […], 4th edition, London: […] R. Everingham, for R. Scot, T. Basset, J[ohn] Wright, and R. Chiswell, →OCLC, page 11:[A]fter a ſhort calm vve obſerved the Ocean firſt to ferment and heave, and then to vvrinkle her ſmooth face, and veering into a contrary romp at length to pull and bluſter, yea next day to ſtorm ſo outrageouſly, that the Sea men themſelves to my apprehenſion, had ſome fear, […]
** To be exposed to harsh (especially cold) weather.
** (figurative)
*** To move noisily and quickly like a storm (noun sense 1), usually in a state of anger or uproar.
    She stormed out of the room.
**** 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Vision of Sin”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 214:Then the music touch'd the gates and died; / Rose again from where it seem'd to fail, / Storm'd in orbs of song, a growing gale; […]
**** 1855, Alfred Tennyson, “The Charge of the Light Brigade”, in Maud, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza 2, page 152:Storm'd at with shot and shell, / Boldly they rode and well; / Into the jaws of Death, / Into the mouth of Hell, / Rode the six hundred.
**** 1960 October, P. Ransome-Wallis, “Modern Motive Power of the German Federal Railway: Part Two”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 611:A lovely crisp exhaust: a feeling of almost unlimited power combined with complete freedom of running: and, to crown it all, a most melodious and wholly American chime whistle—these were my immediate impressions as we stormed rapidly out of Göttingen, intent on winning back some of the lost time.
*** (by extension, chiefly military) To move quickly in the course of an assault on a fortified position or stronghold, a building, etc.
*** To be in a violent temper; to use harsh language; to fume, to rage.
**** 1610 October, John Foxe, “The Life and Storie of the True Seruant and Martyr of God William Tindall: Who for His Notable Paines and Trauell may Well bee Called the Apostle of England in This our Latter Age”, in The Second Volume of the Ecclesiasticall Historie, Containing the Acts and Monuments of Martyrs, […], 6th edition, volume II, London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for the Company of Stationers, →OCLC, book VIII, page 982, column 1:[T]he prieſts of the countrey cluſtering togither, began to grudge and ſtorme againſt Tindall [William Tyndale], rauing againſt him in alehouſes and other places.
**** c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC,:VVhy looke you hovv you ſtorme, / I vvould be friends vvith you, and haue your loue, / Forget the ſhames that you haue ſtain'd me vvith, […]
**** [1611?], Homer, “Book V”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, →OCLC; republished as The Iliads of Homer, Prince of Poets, […], new edition, volume I, London: Charles Knight and Co., […], 1843, →OCLC, page 145:O Father, storm'st thou not / To see us take these wrongs from men?The spelling has been modernized.
**** 1731 (date written, published 1745), Jonathan Swift, “[Directions to Servants.] Rules that Concern All Servants in General.”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume XVI, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC, page 102:It often happens, that servants sent on messages are apt to stay out somewhat longer than the message requires, […] when you return, the master storms, the lady scolds; stripping, cudgelling, and turning off is the word. But here you ought to be provided with a set of excuses, enough to serve on all occasions: […]
**** 1741, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XXXI. [Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, the 32d, 33d, and 34th Days of My Imprisonment].”, in Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […]; and J. Osborn, […], →OCLC, page 239:Bleſs me! ſhe curſes and ſtorms at me like a Trooper, and can hardly keep her Hands off me.
**** 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XVII, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 299:I shall offer to pay him to-morrow; he will rant and storm about his love for you, and there will be an end of the matter.
**** 1813 December 2 (date written), Lord Byron, “Canto I. Stanza XIII.”, in The Bride of Abydos. A Turkish Tale, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], for John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 22, lines 439–442:I know the Pacha's haughty mood / To thee hath never boded good; / And he so often storms at nought, / Allah! forbid that e'er he ought!
**** 1889, J[ames] M[atthew] Barrie, “The Tragedy of a Wife”, in A Window in Thrums, London: Hodder and Stoughton, […], →OCLC, page 108:I do not want to storm at the man who made her life so burdensome. Too many years have passed for that, nor would Nanny take it kindly if I called her man names.

##### Conjugation

$^†$ Archaic or obsolete.

##### Derived terms

* barnstorm (verb)
* bestorm
* outstorm
* stormable
* stormed (adjective)
* stormer
* storm in
* storming (adjective, noun)
* storm off
* storm out
* storm out of the blocks
* yarnstorm

##### Translations
#### Noun

storm (plural storms)
* (military) A violent assault on a fortified position or stronghold.

##### Translations
### References

* ↑ “storm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* 1 2 Compare “storm, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “storm, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “stormen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “-en, suf.(3)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “storm, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “storm, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “sturmen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ Compare “† sturme, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.

### Further reading

* storm on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Beaufort scale on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Storm in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

### Anagrams

* Morts, morts

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch storm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɔrm/, [stɔɾm], [ˈstɔɾəm]
* The plural is almost always disyllabic.
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

storm (plural storms)
* storm

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse stormr (“storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”).

### Noun

storm c (singular definite stormen, plural indefinite storme)
* storm

#### Inflection
### Verb

storm
* imperative of storme

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɔrm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: storm
* Rhymes: -ɔrm

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch storm, from Old Dutch *storm, from Proto-West Germanic *sturm, from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz.

#### Noun

storm m (plural stormen, diminutive stormpje n)
* storm; a wind scale for very strong wind, stronger than a gale, less than a hurricane
* (of sieges or battles) assault, storming
    Synonym: bestorming

##### Usage notes

Unlike English storm, the Dutch word is not associated with rainfall. A storm may, of course, be accompanied by rainfall, but the word as such refers only to strong winds.

##### Derived terms

* beeldenstorm
* hagelstorm
* regenstorm
* sneeuwstorm
* stormachtig
* stormband
* stormen
* stormloop
* stormlopen
* stormmeeuw
* stormvloed
* stormweer
* stormwind
* wervelstorm
* zandstorm
* zeestorm

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: storm
* Negerhollands: storm
* → Papiamentu: storm

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

storm
* inflection of stormen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### Anagrams

* morst

## Icelandic
### Noun

storm
* indefinite accusative singular of stormur

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *storm, from Proto-West Germanic *sturm.

### Noun

storm m
* storm, violent weather
* storm, heavy wind
* storm, assault

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: storm
* Limburgish: stórm

### Further reading

* “storm (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “storm”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* storme, strom, starme, storem (all but the first are rare)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old English storm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɔrm/

### Noun

storm (plural stormes)
* A storm; an instance of intense wind and precipitation (including a snowstorm)
* An armed dispute, brawl or fight; an instance of combativeness.
* (rare) Any intense event, happening, or force.

#### Related terms

* stormy

#### Descendants

* English: storm
** → Esperanto: ŝtormo
** → Irish: stoirm
** → Scottish Gaelic: stoirm
* Scots: storm
* Yola: stharm, starm

#### References

* “storm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-10-08.

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* sturem (Föhr-Amrum)
* Storem (Sylt)

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sturmaz. Cognates include West Frisian stoarm.

### Noun

storm m (plural storme)
* (Mooring) storm

#### Derived terms

* stormmoune

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse stormr, from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”).

#### Noun

storm m (definite singular stormen, indefinite plural stormer, definite plural stormene)
* a storm
    En kraftig storm er venta seinere i dag.A strong storm is expected to hit later today.
    en storm i et vannglass - a storm in a teacup (British)

##### Derived terms

* sandstorm
* snøstorm
* stormflo
* stormfull
* stormvarsel
* støvstorm
* virvelstorm

##### Related terms

* storme

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

storm
* imperative of storme

### References

* “storm” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse stormr, from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”). Akin to English storm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɔrm/

### Noun

storm m (definite singular stormen, indefinite plural stormar, definite plural stormane)
* storm (a very strong wind, stronger than a gale, less than a hurricane)
    Ein kraftig storm er venta seinare i dag.A strong storm is expected to hit later today.

#### Derived terms

* kvervelstorm
* sandstorm
* snøstorm
* stormfull
* stormvarsel
* støvstorm
* virvelstorm

### References

* “storm” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* stearm

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sturm, whence also Old Saxon storm, Old High German sturm, Old Norse stormr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /storm/, [storˠm]

### Noun

storm m
* storm
** 10th century, The Wanderer:Eorlas fornōman · asca þrȳþe, wǣpen wælġīfru, · wyrd sēo mǣre, ond þās stānhleoþu · stormas cnyssað,The warriors took away the strength of spears, killing-greedy weapons, the fate is famous and the storms hit these stone slopes,

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Descendants

* Middle English: storm
** English: storm
*** → Esperanto: ŝtormo
*** → Irish: stoirm
*** → Scottish Gaelic: stoirm
** Scots: storm
** Yola: stharm, starm
* → Middle Welsh: ystorym
** Welsh: storm

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish stormber, from Old Norse stormr, from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stɔrm/
* Audio (Gotland, female voice); “en storm”:(file)

### Noun

storm c
* storm; heavy winds or weather associated with storm winds.

#### Declension
### See also

* ta någon med storm
* storma
* storma in
* snöstorm
* höststorm

### Further reading

* storm in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
* storm in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* smort

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* ystorm, storom

### Etymology

From Middle Welsh ystorym, from Old English storm, from Proto-West Germanic *sturm (“storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sdɔrm/, [stɔrm]

#### Noun

storm f (plural stormydd, diminutive stormen, not mutable)
* storm (disturbed state of the atmosphere)
    Synonym: tymestl

#### Derived terms

* stormes (“battleaxe, domineering woman”)
* stormus (“stormy”)

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “storm”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “storm”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies