# pal
## Translingual
### Symbol

pal
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Middle Persian.

## English
### Etymology 1

* PIE word
* *bʰréh₂tēr
Borrowed from Angloromani pal (“brother, friend”), from Romani phral (“brother”), from Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ, “brother”). Doublet of bhai, brother, bru, frater, friar, and vai.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pæl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æl
* Homophone: pow (some accents)

#### Noun

pal (plural pals)
* (colloquial) A friend, buddy, mate, cobber; someone to hang around with.
    Little Timmy's out playing with his pals.
* (colloquial) An informal term of address, often used ironically in a hostile way.
    Don't you threaten me, pal – I'll report you to the police.

##### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:friend

##### Derived terms

* anipal
* e-pal
* galpal
* pal around
* palimony
* pals battalion
* pal up
* pen pal
* sex pal

##### Descendants

* → Afrikaans: pêl

##### Translations
#### Verb

pal (third-person singular simple present pals, present participle palling, simple past and past participle palled)
* Synonym of pal around
** 2012 November 26, Evan Schlansky, “Song Premiere: Ife Sanchez Mora, Hopeful Heart”, in American Songwriter‎:As an adult, she moved to New York and palled with trip-hop artist Tricky, who signed her to his own label.
** 2017 August 21, Kyle Swenson, “The rise and fall of Miami’s ‘CEO of Purple Drank’”, in The Washington Post‎:There were pictures of Garcia flashing diamond mouth grills. Spewing out a Vesuvius-amount of smoke. Showing off a riot of body tattoos. Aiming guns. Palling with superstars like Lil Wayne and Chris Brown. […]
** 2020 January 30, Ryan Mac, “How Tesla CEO Elon Musk Won His "Pedo Guy" Trial”, in BuzzFeed News‎:In the trial, they showed photographs and videos of Unsworth being congratulated by the UK prime minister, palling with Thai government officials, and smiling while Prince William pinned him with an MBE, an appointment to the Order of the British Empire.
** 2022 March 4, Graham Rayman, “Roger Stone said he never saw NYPD cop bodyguard with a gun or shield — video shows otherwise”, in New York Daily News‎:Greco also palled with Stone’s friend “Manhattan Madam” Kristin Davis, who was convicted of prostitution-related activities and selling prescription drugs.

##### Related terms

* palsy-walsy
* pal up

#### See also

* pal care

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

pal (plural pals)
* Alternative form of paul (“kind of tent”)

### Anagrams

* ALP, APL, LPA, PLA, Pla, alp, lap

## Angloromani
### Alternative forms

* palla, pel, pral, prala, pralla, pulu

### Etymology

Inherited from Romani phral. Cognate with English brother.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpʰæl], [pʰæɫ]

### Noun

pal
* brother
    Sa see pal te pen?(please add an English translation of this usage example)
* friend
    Every time I tried to make a pal...(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Derived terms

* stiffa pal

#### Descendants

* → English: pal
** → Afrikaans: pêl

### References

* “pal”, in Angloromani Dictionary‎, The Manchester Romani Project, 2004-2006, page 25
* “pal”, in Angloromani Dictionary‎, The Manchester Romani Project, 2004-2006, page 59

## Asturian
### Etymology

From a contraction of the preposition pa (“for”) + masculine singular article el (“the”).

### Contraction

pal m
* for the

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Noun

pal (definite accusative palı, plural pallar)
* the green husk of a young hazelnut

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “pal” in Obastan.com.

## Cahuilla
### Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

### Noun

pál
* water

### References

* Katherine Siva Sauvel, Pamela Munro (1983) Chem'ivillu' (let's speak Cahuilla)

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan pal, from Latin pālus (“stake, pole”), from Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos, from *peh₂ǵ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈpal]
* Rhymes: -al

### Noun

pal m (plural pals)
* stake
* pole
* (field hockey or ice hockey) stick
    Synonym: estic
* (heraldry) pale
* (colloquial) bore, drag
    és un pal ― he's a drag

#### Related terms

* empalar
* palet
* palissada
* pallissa

#### See also

* bastó

### References

* “pal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “pal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “pal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “pal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cupeño
### Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa. Cognate with Cahuilla pál, Luiseño paala, Tübatulabal bal, Northern Paiute paa, Comanche paa, Hopi paahu, Classical Nahuatl atl.

### Noun

pál
* water

### References

* Jane H. Hill (2005) A Grammar of Cupeño

## Cypriot Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَال (bāl).

### Noun

pal m
* (always with a pronominal suffix) mind, attention, memory

### References

* Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 169

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpal]
* Rhymes: -al

### Interjection

pal!
* fire! (a signal to shoot)

### Verb

pal
* second-person singular imperative of pálit

### Further reading

* “pal”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “pal”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle French pal, from Latin pālus. Cognate with paal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɑl/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑl

### Noun

pal m (plural pallen, diminutive palletje n)
* catch (mechanism which stops something from moving the wrong way)

### Adverb

pal
* firm, firmly
* (with a preposition or adverb) right, immediately

### Anagrams

* lap

## French
### Etymology

From Old French pal (12th c.), variant of pel, from Latin pālus (“stake, pole”). Doublet of pieu. The Trésor informatisé considers Old French pal a learned borrowing, but it might be a dialectal variant instead.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pal/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pal m (plural pals or (archaic) paux)
* stake
* pole
* (heraldry) pale

### Further reading

* “pal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Garo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Postposition

pal
* (follows genitive case -ni) because, on account of

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpal]
* Hyphenation: pal

### Etymology 1

From Dutch paal (“pole”), from Middle Dutch pâel, from Old Dutch pāl, from Latin pālus. Semantic loan from Dutch mijlpaal (“milestone”).

#### Noun

pal (plural pal-pal)
* milestone, one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals, typically at the side of the road or in a median
    Synonyms: batu, mil, tonggak

##### Derived terms

* berpal-pal

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

pal (plural pal-pal)
* Nonstandard spelling of faal.

### Further reading

* “pal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pal]

### Participle

pal
* second-person singular imperative of paliś

## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɑːl/
* Rhymes: -al

### Noun

pal ?
* side

## Occitan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pal/
* Audio (Languedoc):(file)

### Noun

pal m (plural pals)
* post, pole, stake
* (nautical) mast

## Old English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pālus (“stake”), possibly through a Proto-West Germanic intermediate *pāl. Compare Old High German pfāl (German Pfahl), Old Dutch pāl (Dutch paal). Doublet of pǣl, from the variant Proto-West Germanic *pāli.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɑːl/

### Noun

pāl m
* stake

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Descendants

* Middle English: pole, pol, poll, pall, paal
** English: pole
** Scots: pale, pall
** Yola: pulmere

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

Borrowed from either Old Dutch pāl or Old High German pāl, from Proto-West Germanic *pāl, from Latin pālus (“stake, prop”), from Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ- (“to attach”). Cognate to Old English pāl. Doublet of pēl.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaːl/

### Noun

pāl f
* pole

#### Descendants

* North Frisian: pul
* West Frisian: peal, poal

### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

## Pipil
### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: /pal/

### Noun

-pal
* of (genitive relation, also forms genitive pronouns)
    Ne pelu ipal ne takatThe dog of the man → The man's dog.
    Ashan ini kal mupalNow this house is yours
* for (benefactive relation)
    Tikpiat se mupal wan se nupalWe have one for you and one for me

#### Usage notes

* The relational noun -pal is part of a restricted group of relationals that can be used without a possessive marker when it accompanies an explicit complement, thus acting like a preposition:
    Ne pelu pal ne takatThe dog of the man → The man's dog.

#### Declension
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpal/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: pal
* Homophones: Pal, PAL

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle High German pfāl, phāl, from Old High German pfāl, phāl, from Proto-West Germanic *pāl, *pāli, from Latin pālus, from Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos, from *peh₂ǵ-.

#### Noun

pal m inan (diminutive palik)
* stake (piece of wood)
* (construction) pile (for the support of a building)
    Hypernym: słup

##### Derived terms

* palować impf

##### Related terms

* palikowy
* palikować impf
* wypalikować pf

### Etymology 2

Imperative of palić.

#### Interjection

pal
* (military) shoot!

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

pal
* second-person singular imperative of palić

### Further reading

* pal in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pal in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French pâle.

### Adjective

pal m or n (feminine singular pală, masculine plural pali, feminine and neuter plural pale)
* pale

#### Declension
## Southwestern Dinka
### Noun

pal (plural paal)
* knife

## Spanish
### Contraction

pal
* (colloquial) contraction of para (“for”) + el (“the”)

#### Related terms

* pa
* pa'

### Further reading

* “pal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Volapük
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pal]

### Noun

pal (nominative plural pals)
* parent, father or mother
    Hyponyms: fat, hipal, jipal, mot

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Derived terms

* dalepal
* lepal
* palalöf
* palapär
* palef
* palik

#### See also

* dalefat
* dalemot
* lefat
* lemot
* röletan