OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tiongkok
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Hokkien 中國／中国 (Tiong-kok).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /tiˈoŋkok/ [t̪iˈoŋ.kok̚]
* Rhymes: -oŋkok
* Syllabification: Ti‧ong‧kok

### Proper noun

Tiongkok
* China: the principal state in this country, including (historical) an empire under various dynasties and (since 1949) the People's Republic of China
    Hyponyms: Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, Republik Tiongkok

### Adjective

Tiongkok
* Chinese (of, from, or related to the People's Republic of China)

#### Usage notes

This word is restored for Indonesian official government use as the presidential decision was passed and replaced Cina (“China”). This guide is followed by most Indonesian-language mass media.

#### Synonyms

* (China): Cina (now possibly derogatory)

#### Related terms

* Tionghoa

### See also

* Afganistan
* Arab Saudi
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Filipina
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Irak
* Iran
* Israel
* Jepang
* Kamboja
* Kazakhstan
* Kirgizstan
* Korea Selatan
* Korea Utara
* Kuwait
* Laos
* Libanon
* Maladewa
* Malaysia
* Mesir
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestina
* Qatar
* Rusia
* Singapura
* Siprus
* Sri Lanka
* Suriah
* Taiwan
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor Leste
* Tiongkok
* Turki
* Turkmenistan
* Uni Emirat Arab
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yaman
* Yordania

### References

* ↑ Keputusan Presiden Nomor 12 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pencabutan Surat Edaran Presidium Kabinet Ampera Nomor SE-06/PRES.KAB/6/1967 Tanggal 28 Juni 1967 (Presidential Decision No. 12/2014 on Revocation of Ampera Cabinet Presidium Circular No. SE-06/PRES.KAB/6/1967 dated 28 June 1967).

### Further reading

* “Tiongkok” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# tingkat kesulitan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of tingkat (“level”) +‎ kesulitan (“difficulty”), calque of English difficulty level.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɪŋ.kat kə.su.ˈlɪt.an/

### Noun

tingkat kesulitan (plural tingkat-tingkat kesulitan)
* difficulty level

#### Synonyms

* taraf kesukaran
* tingkat kesukaran
# tipe
## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtipe]
* Rhymes: -ipe
* Hyphenation: ti‧pe

### Adverb

tipe
* typically

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch type, from Latin typus, from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈti.pə]
* Hyphenation: ti‧pê

### Noun

tipe or tipê
* type, a grouping based on shared characteristics; a class
    Synonyms: model, contoh, corak

#### Alternative forms

* tipa (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

### Further reading

* “tipe” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈti.pe/
* Rhymes: -ipe
* Hyphenation: tì‧pe

### Noun

tipe f
* plural of tipa

### Anagrams

* peti

## Laz
### Noun

tipe
* Latin spelling of თიფე (tipe)

## Occitan
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tipe m (plural tipes) (Languedoc, Limousin)
* type, kind
* (colloquial) guy, bloke, man

#### Related terms

* tipar
* tipic

### Further reading

* Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 630.

## Portuguese
### Verb

tipe
* inflection of tipar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈti.pe]

### Noun

tipe f pl
* plural of tipă

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtipe/ [ˈt̪i.pe]
* Rhymes: -ipe
* Syllabification: ti‧pe

### Verb

tipe
* inflection of tipar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
# titah
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈti.tah/
* Rhymes: -tah
* Hyphenation: ti‧tah

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay titah. Compare Javanese ꦠꦶꦠꦃ (titah, “pronouncement, order; destiny; creation; creature”).

#### Noun

titah (plural titah-titah)
* royal order, royal command

##### Derived terms

* bertitah
* menitahkan

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦺꦠꦃ (tétah, “to hold children as they learn to walk”).

#### Verb

titah
* to hold children as they learn to walk

##### Alternative forms

* tatah
* tatih

##### Derived terms

* menitah
* menitah-nitah

### Further reading

* “titah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

titah
* Romanization of ꦠꦶꦠꦃ

## Malay
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /titah/
* Rhymes: -itah, -tah, -ah
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [ˈt̪i.t̪äh]

### Noun

titah (Jawi spelling تيته, plural titah-titah, informal 1st possessive titahku, 2nd possessive titahmu, 3rd possessive titahnya)
* decree, commandment

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* menitahkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* bertitah [stative / habitual] (beR-)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: titah

### Further reading

* “titah” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ti.tah/
* Rhymes: -tah
* Hyphenation: ti‧tah

### Noun

titah
* arrangement, ordering, formation, disposition
* fixed condition, preordained state, predestination

#### Derived terms

* anitah
* atitah
* panitah
* patitah
* tinitah
* tumitah

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦠꦶꦠꦃ (titah)

### Further reading

* "titah" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# titel
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

titel (plural titels)
* title

## Danish
### Etymology

From Latin titulus.

### Noun

titel c (singular definite titlen, plural indefinite titler)
* A title.

#### Derived terms

* titelblad
* titelfigur
* titelforsvar
* titelholder
* titelindehaver
* titelkamp
* titelmelodi
* titelnovelle
* titelnummer
* titelparti
* titelperson
* titelrolle
* titelsang

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -itəl

### Noun

titel m (plural titels, diminutive titeltje n)
* title

#### Descendants

* → Caribbean Javanese: titel
* → Indonesian: titel

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

titel
* inflection of titeln:
** first-person singular present
** singular imperative

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch titel, from Old French title (Modern French titre), from Latin titulus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt̪it̪əl]
* Hyphenation: ti‧têl

### Noun

titel (plural titel-titel)
* title:
** a prefix (honorific) or suffix (post-nominal) added to a person's name to signify either veneration, official position or a professional or academic qualification
    Synonym: gelar
** the name of a book, film, musical piece, painting, or other work of art
    Synonym: judul

#### Affixed terms

* bertitel

#### Related terms

* tituler

### Further reading

* “titel” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɪtɛl/, /ˈtiːtɛl/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

titel c
* a title (name of a book, etc.)
* a title (of a person)
    lägga bort titlarnadrop the titles (a ceremony after which "du" can be used instead of "ni"; made obsolete in Sweden in 1967)

#### Derived terms

* adelstitel
* barontitel
* boktitel
* championtitel
* doktorstitel
* dubbeltitel
* EM-titel
* filmtitel
* friherretitel
* frutitel
* frökentitel
* grevetitel
* grevinnetitel
* hederstitel
* hertigtitel
* huvudtitel
* kolumntitel
* kungatitel
* ligatitel
* låttitel
* mästartitel
* originaltitel
* prinstitel
* professorstitel
* romantitel
* ryggtitel
* singeltitel
* SM-titel
* smutstitel
* stormästartitel
* titelblad
* titelbortläggning
* titeldikt
* titelfigur
* titelförsvarare
* titelhållare
* titellåt
* titelmatch
* titelnovell
* titelroll
* titelsida
* titelsjuk
* titelsjuka
* titelsponsor
* titelspår
* undertitel
* VM-titel
* världsmästartitel
* yrkestitel
* ämbetstitel
* äretitel

#### Related terms

* betitla
* titulera

### References

* titel in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* titel in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* titel in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* titel in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* litet
# tjakap
## Indonesian
### Noun

tjakap (plural tjakap-tjakap)
* (1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of cakap.

### Adjective

tjakap
* (1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of cakap.

## Peranakan Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦏꦼꦥ꧀ (cakep, “able”).

### Noun

tjakap
* able, skillful
    Dimana lagi maoe tjari orang jang lebi tjakap? ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* ↑ Tjoe Bou San (1907) Pembalesan Kedji (in Peranakan Indonesian), Sin Po, page 11
# toge
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English toge, from Middle French toge and Latin toga. Doublet of toga and tog.

### Noun

toge (plural toges)
* (obsolete) A toga.
* (cant) A coat.

#### Derived terms

* togemans

### Anagrams

* EGOT, gote

## Danish
### Alternative forms

* tog

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔːwə/, [ˈtˢɔːʊ]
* Homophone: tåge

### Noun

toge n
* indefinite plural of tog

## French
### Etymology

From Middle French togue, from Latin toga.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔʒ/

### Noun

toge f (plural toges)
* toga
* ceremonial robe or gown (judicial, barrister's, academic, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* toge prétexte
* toge virile

#### See also

* chlamyde
* cucule
* lacerne
* pallium

### Further reading

* “toge” in Dictionnaire français en ligne Larousse.
* “toge” in Émile Littré, Dictionnaire de la langue française, 1872–1877.
* “toge”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toɡe/
* Hyphenation: to‧ge

### Etymology 1

From Javanese toge (ꦠꦺꦴꦒꦺ, “bean sprout”), from Hokkien 豆芽 (tāu-gê, “bean sprout”). Cognate of Tagalog toge.

#### Noun

toge
* alternative spelling of taoge (“bean sprout”)

### Etymology 2

Blend of toket (“tit”) +‎ gede (“big”).

#### Noun

toge
* (slang, pornography) buxom; big tits
    Antonym: tocil

## Japanese
### Romanization

toge
* Rōmaji transcription of とげ

## Slovene
### Adjective

tóge
* inflection of tog:
** feminine genitive singular
** feminine nominative/accusative plural
** masculine accusative plural

## Swedish
### Verb

toge
* (dated) past subjunctive of ta

#### Related terms

* tog

### Anagrams

* tego

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* tawge
* tawgi
* togi
* taugue — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

### Etymology

Borrowed from Hokkien 豆芽 (tāu-gê, “bean sprout”). Compare Indonesian taoge.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈtoɡe/ [ˈt̪oː.ɣɛ]
* Rhymes: -oɡe
* Syllabification: to‧ge

### Noun

toge (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜄᜒ)
* mung bean sprout
    Synonym: pasibol

#### Related terms

* taho
* tahure
* tawpe
* tawsi
* tokwa
* toyo

### References

* “toge”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948) Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications, page 60
* Chan-Yap, Gloria (1980) “Hokkien Chinese borrowings in Tagalog”, in Pacific Linguistics, volume B, number 71 (PDF), Canberra, A.C.T. 2600.: The Australian National University, page 136
# Ֆինճանճեան
## Armenian
### Proper noun

Ֆինճանճեան • (Finčančean)
* Traditional orthography spelling of Ֆինճանճյան (Finčančyan)
# toksisitas
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed toksik +‎ -itas, compare English toxicity, French toxicité (“toxicity”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔk.si.ˈsi.tas/
* Rhymes: -tas
* Hyphenation: tok‧si‧si‧tas

### Noun

toksisitas (plural toksisitas-toksisitas)
* (medicine, pharmacy, toxicology) toxicity: the quality or degree of being toxic

#### Synonyms

* ketoksikan (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* toksisitas niasin
* toksisitas vitamin A
* toksisitas vitamin B6
* toksisitas vitamin D

#### Related terms

* intoksikasi
* toksik
* toksikolog
* toksikologi
* toksikologis
* toksin

### Further reading

* “toksisitas” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# tolan
## Finnish
### Noun

tolan
* genitive singular of tola

### Anagrams

* alton, lotan, talon

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Tamil தோழன் (tōḻaṉ, “friend”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈto.lan]
* Hyphenation: to‧lan

### Noun

tolan (plural tolan-tolan)
* friend, person whose company one enjoys
    Synonyms: bendu, dongan, handai, handai tolan, kamerad, kanca, kanti, karib, kawan, kenalan, kolega, kontak, mitra, perepat, rafik, sahabat, saki, sejawat, sekutu, sobat, sohib, teman

### Further reading

* “tolan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Maranao
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *tuqlaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqəlaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *CuqəlaN.

### Noun

tolan
* bone
    Synonym: bekeg

### References

* A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

## Tetum
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *telen, compare Malay telan.

### Verb

tolan
* to swallow
# tom yam
## English
### Alternative forms

* tom yum

### Etymology

From Thai ต้มยำ (dtôm-yam, literally “boil mixture”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌtɒm ˈjæm/, /ˌtɒm ˈjam/, /ˌtɒm ˈjʌm/
* (General American) IPA: /ˌtɑm ˈjɑm/

### Noun

tom yam (usually uncountable, plural tom yams)
* A Thai soup flavoured with fish sauce, lemongrass, lime juice, and chillies.

#### Derived terms

* Note: Spelling may vary.
* tom yam gai (with chicken)
* tom yam kung, tom yam goong (with prawns or shrimps)
* tom yam pla (with fish)

#### See also

* hot and sour soup
* tom kha

### References

* 1 2 “tom yam, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2017.

### Anagrams

* mamoty

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Thai ต้มยำ (dtôm-yam, literally “boil mixture”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt̪ɔm ˈjam]

### Noun

tom yam (uncountable)
* (cooking) tom yam: a Thai soup flavoured with fish sauce, lemongrass, lime juice, and chillies

### Further reading

* “tom yam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# topikal
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English topical.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [toˈpikal]
* Hyphenation: to‧pi‧kal

### Noun

topikal (uncountable)
* (medicine) topical: applied externally (to the surface of the skin or eye) medication

#### Related terms

* topik

### Further reading

* “topikal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Benalla
## English
### Proper noun

Benalla
* A small city in north-eastern Victoria, Australia.
* The Rural City of Benalla, a local government area in Victoria which includes the above city.

### Anagrams

* ballean, balneal

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِبْن عَلَاء (ibn ʕalāʔ).

### Proper noun

Benalla m
* a surname from Arabic
# transpor
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch transport, from Old French transporter (“carry or convey across”), from Latin transporto, from trans (“across”) + porto (“to carry”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt̪ranspɔr]
* Hyphenation: trans‧por

### Noun

transpor (plural)
* transport
    Synonym: angkutan

#### Affixed terms

* mentranspor

#### Related terms

* transportasi

### Further reading

* “transpor” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /tɾɐ̃sˈpoʁ/ [tɾɐ̃sˈpoh]
* (Brazil) IPA: /tɾɐ̃sˈpoʁ/ [tɾɐ̃sˈpoh]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /tɾɐ̃sˈpoɾ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /tɾɐ̃ʃˈpoʁ/ [tɾɐ̃ʃˈpoχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /tɾɐ̃sˈpoɻ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɾɐ̃ʃˈpoɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /tɾɐ̃ʃˈpoɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /tɾɐ̃ʃˈpo.ɾi/
* Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -oɾ, (Brazil) -oʁ
* Hyphenation: trans‧por

### Verb

transpor (first-person singular present transponho, first-person singular preterite transpus, past participle transposto)
* to pass (to move beyond something)
    Synonyms: passar, ultrapassar
* to transpose; to swap (to reverse or change the order of two things)
    Synonym: trocar
* (music) transpose (to write or perform (a piece) in another key)

#### Derived terms

* transponível
* transposição
# transpor aktif
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of transpor +‎ aktif, calque of English active transport.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtranspɔr ˈaktɪf/

### Noun

transpor aktif
* (biology) active transport: Movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy

#### Synonyms

* angkutan aktif
* pengangkutan aktif (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “transpor aktif”, in PASTI: Padanan Istilah‎ (in Indonesian), Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, 2021, retrieved 2024-11-06
# triase
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch triage, from French triage.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtriasə]

### Noun

triase (uncountable)
* triage
** (medicine) the process of sorting patients so as to determine the order in which they will be treated (for example, by assigning precedence according to the urgency of illness or injury)
** (computing) the process of prioritizing bugs to be fixed
# pênis
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* pénis (Portugal)

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpẽ.nis/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpẽ.nis/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈpẽ.niʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈpe.nis/
* Hyphenation: pê‧nis

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin pēnis.

#### Noun

pênis m (invariable) (Brazilian Portuguese spelling)
* penis
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pénis

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

pênis m pl (Brazilian Portuguese spelling)
* plural of pêni
# tuala
## Brunei Malay
### Etymology

From Portuguese toalha. Compare Tagalog tuwalya, Spanish toalla.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuala/, /twala/
* Hyphenation: tu‧a‧la, tua‧la

### Noun

tuala
* towel (cloth used for wiping)

## Central Melanau
### Etymology

From Malay tuala, from Portuguese toalha. Compare Tagalog tuwalya, Spanish toalla.

### Noun

tuala
* towel (cloth used for wiping)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay tuala, from Portuguese toalha. Compare Tagalog tuwalya, Spanish toalla.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t̪uˈala]
* Hyphenation: tu‧a‧la

### Noun

tuala (plural)
* towel
    Synonym: handuk

### Further reading

* “tuala” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Portuguese toalha. Compare Tagalog tuwalya, Spanish toalla.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /tualə/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /tuala/
* Rhymes: -alə, -lə, -ə
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Rhymes: -a

### Noun

tuala (Jawi spelling توالا, plural tuala-tuala, informal 1st possessive tualaku, 2nd possessive tualamu, 3rd possessive tualanya)
* (Malaysia) towel (cloth used for wiping)

#### Synonyms

* (Indonesia) handuk

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: tuala

### Further reading

* “tuala” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Ternate
### Etymology

From Malay tuala, from Portuguese toalha. Compare Tagalog tuwalya, Spanish toalla.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tu.ˈa.la]

### Noun

tuala
* a headkerchief

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
# tujuan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed tuju +‎ -an, from Malay tujuan. Semantic loan from Dutch oogmerk (“aim, goal”) in law terms.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /tuˈd͡ʒuan/ [t̪uˈd͡ʒu.an]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: tu‧ju‧an

### Noun

tujuan (uncountable)
* goal, objective, aim, purpose
    Synonyms: arah, haluan, maksud
* destination
* (grammar) object

#### Hyponyms

* tujuan institusional
* tujuan instruksional
* tujuan kelembagaan
* tujuan kualitatif
* tujuan kuantitatif
* tujuan kurikuler
* tujuan penderita
* tujuan politik

### Further reading

* “tujuan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Combination of tuju +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtud͡ʒwan/ [ˈt̪u.d͡ʒwan]
* Rhymes: -wan
* Hyphenation: tu‧juan

### Noun

tujuan (Jawi spelling توجوان, informal 1st possessive tujuanku, 2nd possessive tujuanmu, 3rd possessive tujuannya)
* goal, objective, aim, purpose.
    Synonyms: objektif, matlamat
    Apakah tujuan projek ini?What is the purpose of this project?
* direction
    Synonyms: arah, haluan
    Layang-layang itu terlayang ke tujuan timur.That kite flew to the east.

### Further reading

* “tujuan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# ウーラル
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* ウラㇻ (Hokkaido, Kuril)

### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *Huurar HLL (“fog”).

### Noun

ウーラル • (urar)
* (Kuril) fog

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * 「北海氣象瑣談」『氣象集誌』 第1輯 第11–13巻 (Hokkai Kishō Sadan, “Hokkai Weather Trivial Talk”)‎ (in Japanese), Hokkaidō: 水科七三郎 (Mizushina Shichisaburō), 1893 (Kuril)
# tuna-
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese tuna (“deficient, failing, lacking”), from Sanskrit तुन्न (tunna, “struck, hurt”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtu.na]
* Hyphenation: tu‧na

### Prefix

tuna-
* wound, injury
* deficient

#### Alternative forms

* tuna

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “tuna-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.