# sal
## Translingual
### Symbol

sal
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Salishan languages.

## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English sal, from Latin sal. Doublet of salt.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sæl/
* Audio (US):(file)

#### Noun

sal (uncountable)
* (chemistry, obsolete) Salt.

##### Usage notes

Was used predominantly to form the names of various chemical compounds.

##### Derived terms

* sal absinthii
* sal acetosellae
* sal alembroth
* sal ammoniac
* sal catharticus
* sal culinarius
* sal cyrenaicus
* sal de duobus
* sal diureticus
* sal duplicatum
* sal enixum
* sal gemmae
* sal jovis
* sal martis
* sal microcosmicum
* sal plumbi
* sal prunella
* sal Saturni
* sal sedativus
* sal seignette
* sal soda
* sal vitrioli
* sal volatile

### Etymology 2

From Hindi साल (sāl), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla).

#### Alternative forms

* shaal, shala, saul

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑːl/

#### Noun

sal (plural sals)
* Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree.
** 1989, Thomas Weber, Hugging the trees: the story of the Chipko movement, page 18:As the sals were cut in the lower foothill districts the loggers looked towards the mountains in their search for other hardwood timber.

##### Translations
#### See also

* sal sac

### Etymology 3

Coined by Eduard Suess in 1909, in Das Antlitz der Erde, as a blend of translingual Si (silicon) +‎ Al (aluminum).

#### Alternative forms

* Sal

#### Noun

sal (uncountable)
* (geology) Alternative form of sial
** 1923 March, G. Vibert Douglas, A.V. Douglas, “Note on the Interpretation of the Wegener Frequency Curve”, in Geological Magazine‎, volume 60, number 3, Cambridge University Press, →DOI, page 108:Wegener bases his theory of the drifting continents on the assumption that there are two distinct levels to be taken into account, the surface of the masses of "sal" which form the continents and the surface of the "sima" in which they float.

### References

* ↑ Eduard Suess (1909) “Vierter Theil, Vierundzwanzigster Abschnitt: Die Tiefen”, in Das Antlitz der Erde (in German), volume 3.2, Wien: F. Tempsky, →OCLC, page 626:Wir nehmen ferner drei Zonen oder Hüllen als maassgebend für die Beschaffenheit der Erde an, u. zw. die Barysphäre oder das Nife (Ni-Fe), ferner Sima (Si-Mg) und Sal (Si-Al). Diese Theilung unterscheidet sich von der Classification, die von hervorragenden americanischen Petrographen vorgeschlagen wurde, durch die Abtrennung der metallischen Barysphäre (Nife).We further assume the existence of three zones or envelopes as determining the structure of the earth, namely, the barysphere or the Nife (Ni-Fe), Sima (Si-Mg), and Sal (Si-Al). This division differs from the classification which has been proposed by distinguished American petrographers, in the separation of the metallic barysphere (Nife).

### Anagrams

* ALS, ALs, ASL, LAs, LSA, SLA, a/s/l, al's, als, asl, las

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch zal, singular of zullen, from Middle Dutch sullen, from Old Dutch *sulan, from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sal/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

sal (present sal, past sou)
* shall, will

## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin sal.

### Noun

sal f
* salt

### References

* Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “sal”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin salem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsal/ [ˈsal]

### Noun

sal m (plural sales)
* salt

## Azerbaijani
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɑɫ]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *sāl.

#### Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)
* raft (wooden)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Likely from Proto-Turkic *sal- (“throw, lower, put; heavy”); see Azerbaijani salmaq.

#### Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)
* monolith (a large, single block of stone)

##### Declension
#### Adjective

sal (comparative daha sal, superlative ən sal)
* whole, unbroken, of one piece

#### Verb

sal
* second-person singular imperative of salmaq

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Persian سال.

#### Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)
* (Classical Azerbaijani) year
    Synonyms: il, sənə, am

##### Declension
### Further reading

* “sal” in Obastan.com.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan sal, from Latin sāl.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsal]
* Audio (Catalonia):(file)

### Noun

sal f (plural sals)
* salt

#### Related terms

* salar

### References

* “sal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “sal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “sal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “sal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Chairel
### Noun

sal
* sun

### References

* W. McCulloch, Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill tribes with a comparative vocabulary of the Munnipore and other languages (1859, Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company)

## Chavacano
### Etymology

Inherited from Spanish sal (“salt”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsal/, [ˈsal]

### Noun

sal
* salt

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, cognate with German Saal, Dutch zaal. The Germanic word was borrowed to French salon.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsæˀl]

### Noun

sal c (singular definite salen, plural indefinite sale)
* hall, room
* floor (storey of a building)
    Synonym: etage

#### Derived terms

* retssal

### Further reading

* “sal” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “sal” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sal/
* Audio:(file)

### Interjection

sal
* (text messaging) Abbreviation of saluton (“hello”).

## Galician
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Compare Portuguese sal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [s̺al]

### Noun

sal m (plural sales)
* salt
    No camiño me colleno co'aquelas pedras de sal que o sol fixo de agua doce misturada coa do mar.In the way, I picked up with those salt stones that the sun made from fresh water mixed with sea water.

#### Derived terms

* saleiro

#### Related terms

* As Saíñas

### References

* “sal”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “sal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “sal”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “sal”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Garo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

sal
* sun, day, daytime
* a 24 hour period
* weather
* classifier for days

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

Inherited from Portuguese sal, from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Cognate with Kabuverdianu sal.

### Noun

sal
* salt

## Icelandic
### Noun

sal
* indefinite accusative singular of salur
* indefinite dative singular of salur

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch zaal, from Middle Dutch sale, from Old Dutch sala, from Proto-West Germanic *sali, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate of Afrikaans saal (“hall, large room”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sal/

### Noun

sal (plural sal-sal)
* a large room, hall
* (healthcare, medicine) ward

#### Synonyms

* bangsal

### Further reading

* “sal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Noun

sal (plural sales)
* salt (substance consisting of positive and negative ions)

#### Related terms

* salin

## Irish
### Noun

sal f (genitive singular saile) or sal m (genitive singular sail)
* Alternative form of sail (“dirt; stain”)

#### Declension

As masculine first-declension noun:
bare forms
singular
nominative
sal
vocative
a shail
genitive
sail
dative
sal
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative
an sal
genitive
an tsail
dative
leis an sal don sal :
As feminine second-declension noun:
bare forms
singular
nominative
sal
vocative
a shal
genitive
saile
dative
sal
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative
an tsal
genitive
na saile
dative
leis an tsal don tsal :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Istriot
### Etymology

From Latin salem.

### Noun

sal ?
* salt

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

Inherited from Portuguese sal, from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Cognate with Guinea-Bissau Creole sal.

### Noun

sal
* salt

### Proper noun

sal
* (Sal) Sal
* One of the ten islands of Cape Verde

## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sāl.

### Noun

sal
* raft

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “sal”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. The contrast between long ā in the nominative singular and short a in the oblique forms has been interpreted as an archaic ablaut pattern that may be paralleled by pār-paris, mās-maris, and lār-laris.
Cognates include Latvian sāls, Sanskrit सर (sará), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), Tocharian A sāle, Old English sealt (English salt), Proto-Slavic *solь and borrowed into Etruscan 𐌀𐌋𐌑𐌀𐌔𐌄 (alśase).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsaːl/, [ˈs̠äːɫ̪]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsal/, [ˈsäl]
* There is only limited attestation of the length of the vowel in the nominative singular: one line in Statius and one in Ausonius. The grammarian Priscian describes sal as containing a short vowel, whereas it is later described as long by the anonymous author of the Ars Bernensis and by Rabanus Maurus.

### Noun

sāl m or n (genitive salis); third declension
* salt
    cum grānō salis ― with a grain of salt
** c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Silvae 4.9.36, (Phalaecian hendecasyllable):non sal oxyporumve caseusve2015 translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey, Christopher A. Parrottno salt, no condiment, no cheese?
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.337–338:ante, deōs hominī quod conciliāre valēret, fār erat et pūrī lūcida mīca salisFormerly, what served to win the favor of the gods to man was emmer and the glittering grain of pure salt.
** c. 310 CE – c. 394 CE, Ausonius, epigrammata 96:Dodra ex dodrante est. Sic collige: ius aqua vinum sal oleum panis mel piper herba, novem.1921 translation by Hugh G. Evelyn WhiteDodra ("nines") is from dodrans (nine-twelfths). Thus compound: broth, water, wine, salt, oil, bread, honey, pepper, herbs: there's nine!
** c. 1300 – 1350, Henry of Friemar :Sal, oleum, chrisma, cereus, chrismale, saliva, / flatus: virtutem baptismatis ista figurant. / Hec cum patrinis non mutant esse, sed ornant.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (figurative) wit
* (poetic) brine, salt water, the sea
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.35:vēla dabant laetī, et spūmās salis aere ruēbant[The Trojans] were gladly spreading their sails, and churning the foam of the salt water with their bronze [prows].

#### Usage notes

* Occasionally neuter in the singular: this affects the form of the accusative case (sāl when neuter, salem when masculine) and the agreement of associated adjectives and pronouns. The neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular form can alternatively be sale, e.g. in Ennius Ann. 385 and Varro d. Non. 223, 17.
* In the nominative and accusative plural, the word is found only in the masculine gender, with the form salēs.

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* salō
* salio
* sāl petrae (stone salt; that is, found as an incrustation)

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: sari, sare
* Asturian: sal
* Catalan: sal
* Corsican: sale
* Franco-Provençal: sâl
* Friulian: sâl
* Istriot: sal
* Italian: sale m
* Lombard: saa
* Megleno-Romanian: sari
* Mirandese: sal
* Occitan: sal, sau
** Gallo-Italic of Sicily: sau f
* Old French: sel m
** Middle French: sel
*** French: sel
** Franc-Comtois: sâ
** Norman: sé, saïl
** Walloon: sé
* Old Galician-Portuguese: sal m
** Galician: sal m
** Portuguese: sal m (see there for further descendants)
* Old Spanish: sal f
** Spanish: sal f (see there for further descendants)
* Piedmontese: sal
* Romagnol: sêl
* Romanian: sare f
* Romansch: sal, sel
* Sardinian: sale
* Sicilian: sali
* Venetan: sal, sałe

### References

* 1 2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sāl, salis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 535
* ↑ Kilday, Douglas G. (2016) Latin sāl, pār, mās, and lār‎
* ↑ Carey, John (1808) Latin Prosody Made Easy, London, page 109
* ↑ Anthon, Charles (1844) A System of Latin Prosody and Metre, From the Best Authorities, Ancient and Modern, page 83
* ↑ Ramsay, William (1859) A Manual of Latin Prosody, 2nd edition, page 33
* ↑ Priscian (c. 500 AD) Martin Hertz, editor, Grammatici Latini: Libros I - XII continens, Volumes 1-2, published 1855, page 311: “In 'al' correptam masculina vel neutra Latina vel barbara: hic sal huius salis', 'hic Hannibal huius Hannibalis', 'hoc tribunal huius tribunalis'.”
* ↑ Hermann Hagen, editor (8th century AD), Grammatici Latini: Anecdota Helvetica quae ad grammaticam Latinam ..., Volume 8, published 1870, page 111:In al correptam quot genera inueniuntur? Duo, hoc est masculina et neutra: propria autem masculina sunt, ut Hannibal Adherbal Hasdrubal, appellatiua autem in al desinentia neutralia sunt, ut hoc animal ceruical uectigal †crismal tribunal. Excipitur unum nomen, quod masculinum est et in al productam terminatur, ut hic sal huius salis huic sali hunc salem o sal ab hoc sale. Inde Caper dicit: Ille sale aspersus Musarum. Non erit hoc sal et hae sales, sed ἑνικῶς, idest in singulari, erit, quod edimus. Item hi sales pluraliter urbanitatis alicuius, ut: sales intus ei adhaerescunt. Item Priscianus dicit: in al unum nomen monosyllabum masculinum inuenitur, ut hic sal.
* ↑ Excerptio de Arte grammatica Prisciani‎, 9th century AD: “In al correptam Latina et barbara, masculini generis vel neutri, ut hic Hannibal, hoc tribunal, cervical; sed neutra a producunt in obliquis casibus. In al productam unum monosyllabum masculinum, ut hic sal, quod tamen in obliquis casibus corripitur.”
* ↑ Petri Lombardi Parrhysiensis ecclesie quondam antistitis, viri divinarum reum eruditissimi..., 1516, page 158

### Further reading

* “sal”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “sal”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* sal in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic صَالَ (ṣāla).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saːl/

### Verb

sal (imperfect jsul, past participle misul)
* to rear up

#### Conjugation
## Middle Dutch
### Verb

sal
* first/third-person singular present indicative of sullen

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *carHdáh. May have developped under the influence of Persian سال, as it may be in other Iranic languages, since it occurs as derived from *serd in more isolated Northwest Iranic languages, compare Zazaki serre, Parthian [Term?] (/⁠sarδ⁠/) and also Northern Kurdish sere, navsere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑːl/

### Noun

sal f
* year

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse salr.

#### Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural saler, definite plural salene)
* a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall.

##### Derived terms

* ballsal
* forelesningssal
* gymnastikksal
* gymsal
* konsertsal
* rettssal

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse sǫðull.

#### Alternative forms

* sadel

#### Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural saler, definite plural salene)
* saddle

### Etymology 3

From Old Norse sal.

#### Noun

sal n
* form removed with the spelling reform of 1981; superseded by salg

### References

* “sal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑːl/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz.

#### Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural salar, definite plural salane)
* a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall

##### Derived terms

* ballsal
* forelesningssal
* gymnastikksal
* gymsal
* konsertsal
* rettssal

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse sǫðull, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz.

#### Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural salar, definite plural salane)
* a saddle

##### Related terms

* sala, sale

### Etymology 3

From Old Norse sal (“payment”).

#### Noun

sal n (definite singular salet, indefinite plural sal, definite plural sala)
* a sale

##### Related terms

* selja, selje
* marknad

### References

* “sal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* als-, las, sla

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sail, from Proto-Germanic *sailą (“rope”).
Cognate with Old Saxon sēl (Dutch zeel), Old High German seil (German Seil).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑːl/

### Noun

sāl m
* rope, cord, rein

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Descendants

* Middle English: sal, sole, soole
** Scots: sale, saill, saile, seill, seale
** English: sole

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin salem. Cognate with Old Spanish sal f and Old French sel m.

### Noun

sal m (plural sals)
* salt

#### Descendants

* Galician: sal m
* Portuguese: sal m (see there for further descendants)

### Further reading

* Universo Cantigas - "sal"

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *salā.

### Noun

sal f (genitive saile)
* dirt
* filth, stain
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92$^d$12
    .i. ní do is ainm du grés pullutum dun elled ass·lentar huanaib salaib corpt[h]aib acht is ainm cac[h] la cein du cach escmun as·lentar hua drochgnimaib.It is not for that the term pollutum refers to pollution whereby one is defiled by bodily stains; other times, it is also a term for every impure one who is defiled by bad deeds.

#### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Related terms

* salach

#### Descendants

* Irish: sail
* Scottish Gaelic: sal

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*salā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 319

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sal”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Norse
### Noun

sal
* accusative/dative singular of salr

## Old Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin salem m. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese sal m and Old French sel m.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsal/

### Noun

sal f (plural sales)
* salt
** c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 61r:Et ſu p̃priedat es de aborrecer la ſal tanto que biẽ parece que a entramas grand enemiztat. ca ſi las ponen en uno. quiebra la piedra ⁊ mueles; ⁊ la ſal pierde la ſalgadumbre que a en ella.And its property is that it loathes salt so much that it would seem that there is a great enmity between them both, for if they are placed together, the stone breaks, and the salt loses all the saltiness within.

#### Related terms

* salado
* salgadumbre
* salgadura

#### Descendants

* Spanish: sal f (see there for further descendants)

## Piedmontese
### Etymology

From Latin salem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sal/

### Noun

sal m or f
* salt

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsaw/ [ˈsaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsal/ [ˈsaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsal/ [ˈsaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈsa.li/
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
* Hyphenation: sal

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem (“salt, wit”). Compare Galician sal.

#### Noun

sal m (plural sais)
* salt (sodium chloride, a substance used as a condiment and preservative)
    Synonyms: cloreto de sódio, sal de cozinha
* (chemistry) salt (any compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base)
* (usually in the plural) bath salt (any of several inorganic salts sometimes added to bath water)
    Synonym: sal de banho
* (figurative) wit; the quality of being engaging
    Synonym: graça

##### Derived terms

* domo de sal
* sal ácido
* sal amargo
* sal amoníaco
* sal ático
* sal básico
* sal curado
* sal de cozinha
* sal duplo
* sal fino
* sal grosso
* sal interno
* salzinho (diminutive)
* sem sal

##### Related terms

* salada
* saleiro
* salga
* salgado
* salgar

##### Descendants

* Guinea-Bissau Creole: sal
* Kabuverdianu: sal

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

sal m (plural sais)
* (rare) sal (Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree)

## Rohingya
### Alternative forms

* 𐴏𐴝𐴓𐴢 (sal) — Hanifi Rohingya script

### Noun

sal (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴓𐴢)
* roof

## Romanian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish شال (Turkish şal, from Persian شال (šâl).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sal/

#### Noun

sal n (plural saluri)
* (rare) shawl, scarf
    Synonym: șal

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Shortened form of salut.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa(ː)l/

#### Interjection

sal!
* (informal) hey!
    Synonym: salut
* (informal) bye!
    Synonyms: salut, pa

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* sel (Puter)

### Etymology

From Latin salem.

### Noun

sal m
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) salt

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsal/ [ˈsal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: sal

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish sal, from Latin salem (compare Catalan sal f, French sel m, Italian sale m, Portuguese sal m, Romanian sare f; also English salt). It is not known how the noun became feminine.

#### Noun

sal f (plural sales)
* salt; table salt
    Synonyms: sal común, sal de mesa
* (chemistry) salt
* (Central America, Mexico, Dominican Republic) bad luck, misfortune

##### Derived terms

* agua salada
* aguasal
* pan de sal
* sal común
* sal de cocina
* sal de la tierra
* sal de mesa
* sal de nitro
* sal inglesa
* sal marina
* salero
* salino
* salobre
* salpicar

##### Related terms

* ensalada
* salado
* salar (verb)
* salitre
* salmuera
* salso, salsa

##### Descendants

* → Navajo: sáál
* Papiamentu: salu
* → Ye'kwana: saayu

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

sal
* second-person singular imperative of salir

### Further reading

* “sal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sumerian
### Romanization

sal
* Romanization of 𒊩 (sal)

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel-.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sal c
* a large room, a hall (often for more-or-less public activities)
    föreläsningssallecture hall
    skolans matsalthe school's dining hall

#### Related terms

* hörsal
* läsesal
* matsal

### References

* sal in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* sal in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* sal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* als

## Tat
### Etymology

Cognate with Persian سال (sāl).

### Noun

sal
* year

## Tocharian B
### Adjective

sal
* dirty

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑɫ/

### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish صال (sal, “raft; wine press”), from Proto-Turkic *sāl (“raft”). Cognate with Kazakh сал (sal). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)
* raft

##### Derived terms

* salcı

### Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish سل (sal, sel), from Proto-Turkic *sal-.

#### Verb

sal
* second-person singular imperative of salmak

### References

* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “sal”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2647

## Venetan
### Alternative forms

* sale

### Etymology

From Latin salem.

### Noun

sal m (plural sałi)
* salt (sodium chloride, non-chemical usage)

### Noun

sal m (plural sali)
* (chemistry) salt

## Volapük
### Noun

sal (nominative plural sals)
* salt
** 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: V:Binols sal taleda; ab if sal vedonöv nensmelik, me kin osalöfükoy üfo?You are salt for the earth. But if salt loses its taste, what can make it salty again?

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only