# брат
## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* brat — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

### Etymology

From Old Belarusian братъ (brat), from Old East Slavic братъ (bratŭ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [brat]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

брат • (brat) m pers (genitive бра́та, nominative plural браты́, genitive plural брато́ў, feminine сястра́, relational adjective бра́цкі or братэ́рскі, diminutive бра́цік)
* brother

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

#### Derived terms

* бра́цкі (brácki), братэ́рскі (bratérski)
* бра́цтва (bráctva), братэ́рства (bratérstva)
* стрые́чны брат (stryjéčny brat)

## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [brat]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at

### Noun

брат • (brat) m (relational adjective бра́тов or бра́тски, diminutive бра́тец or братле́ or брато́к or бра́тче)
* brother

#### Declension

$^1$Dialectal. $^2$Archaic.

## Carpathian Rusyn
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ.

### Noun

брат • (brat) m
* brother

#### Further reading

* Kercha, Ihor (2012) Словник русько-русинськый: у 2 т. [Russian-Rusyn Dictionary: in 2 vols] (overall work in Russian and Carpathian Rusyn), Uzhhorod: PoliPrint

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [brat]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: брат

### Noun

брат • (brat) m (plural бра́ќа, feminine се́стра, relational adjective бра́тски, diminutive бра́тче or ба́то or ба́те or ба́тко)
* brother
    Бра́т ми се пресели во Лондон. ― Brát mi se preseli vo London. ― My brother has moved to London.
    Те сакам, брате. ― Te sakam, brate. ― I love you brother.
* (slang) bro, mate, pal, dude, buddy, bud, dawg (to address somebody, usually used by youngsters)
    Ка́ј си, бе, брат? ― Káj si, be, brat? ― What's up, bro?
    Шо́ има, брат? ― Šó ima, brat? ― What up, dawg?
    Брат, ќе одиме на́ кафе или слабо? ― Brat, ḱe odime ná kafe ili slabo? ― Bro, we goin' for coffee or nah?
    Брат, мораш да го видиш ова. ― Brat, moraš da go vidiš ova. ― Dude, you have to see this.
    Не́, бе, брат. ― Né, be, brat. ― Nah, man/bro/mate/dude.
* (colloquial) Used to designate someone resembling the person in question, especially in character (hyperbolically suggesting that he could therefore be that person's brother).

#### Usage notes

* When this word is used in the sense of "brother", the vocative form is mostly "брате". When it's used in the sense of "mate", "bro", "pal", or "buddy", the vocative form is mostly "брату". However, in the second sense, the vocative form is not used. Among youngsters, the basic form "брат" is dominant (and quite popular, at that).

#### Declension
### References

* “брат” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak brat, from Proto-Slavic *bratъ. Cognates include Polish and Slovak brat and Belarusian, Carpathian Rusyn, Russian, and Ukrainian брат (brat).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbrat]
* Rhymes: -at
* Hyphenation: брат

### Noun

брат (brat) m pers (diminutive брацик, related adjective братов)
* brother
    Coordinate term: шестра (šestra)
    мацерин брат ― macerin brat ― maternal uncle (literally, “mother's brother”)
    мужов брат ― mužov brat ― brother-in-law (literally, “husband's brother”)

#### Related terms

* братозабивацки (bratozabivacki)
* братски (bratski)
* братия m pers (bratija)
* братняк m pers (bratnjak)
* братозабойнїк m pers (bratozabojnjik)
* братозабойство n (bratozabojstvo)
* братолюбиє n (bratoljubije)
* братство n (bratstvo)

### References

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “брат”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “brother”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 44

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* братъ (brat) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic братъ (bratŭ), from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ.
Cognates include Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ), Latin frater, English brother and English pal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [brat]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at

### Noun

брат • (brat) m anim (genitive бра́та, nominative plural бра́тья$^*$, genitive plural бра́тьев$^*$, relational adjective бра́тский, diminutive бра́тик or бра́тец or брато́к or брати́шка) (* The soft ending of the plural was originally used for feminine collective nouns, and the meaning of братья then was brotherhood.)
* brother
    родно́й брат ― rodnój brat ― brother (sibling)
    двою́родный брат ― dvojúrodnyj brat ― cousin, first cousin
    трою́родный брат ― trojúrodnyj brat ― second cousin
    единокро́вный брат ― jedinokróvnyj brat ― paternal half brother
    единоутро́бный брат ― jedinoutróbnyj brat ― maternal half brother
    сво́дный брат ― svódnyj brat ― stepbrother
** 1883, Антон Чехов [Anton Chekhov], Радость; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Joy, 1921:Сестра́ спры́гнула с посте́ли и, наки́нув на себя́ одея́ло, подошла́ к бра́ту.Sestrá sprýgnula s postéli i, nakínuv na sebjá odejálo, podošlá k brátu.His sister jumped out of bed and, throwing a quilt round her, went in to her brother.
* old boy, pal
* kind, sort

#### Declension

$^△$Irregular. $^*$The soft ending of the plural was originally used for feminine collective nouns, and the meaning of братья then was brotherhood.

#### Derived terms

* бра́тов (brátov)
* братва́ (bratvá), брата́н (bratán)
* бра́тский (brátskij)
* собра́т (sobrát)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: բրատ (brat) (slang)
* → Azerbaijani: brat (slang)
* → Georgian: ბრატ (braṭ) (slang)
* → Yakut: быраат (bıraat)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brât/

### Noun

бра̏т m (Latin spelling brȁt, diminutive бра̏тић, relational adjective бра̀тскӣ)
* brother
* mate, pal, buddy, when used in informal speech to address somebody in vocative (brate)

#### Usage notes

There is no plural form for this noun. Instead, the collective term бра̏ћа is used for plural meanings.

#### Derived terms

* брата̀кати се
* брата́нац
* бра̏тац
* бра̀тија
* бра̏тимити се
* бра̏тӣмство
* бра̏тӣнство
* бра̏тити се
* бра̏тић
* бра̏тјенац
* бра̏то̄в
* бра̏товљев
* бра̏товљӣ
* бра̏товскӣ
* брато́вштина
* бра̏тољӯбље
* братоу̀билачкӣ
* братоу̀бојица
* братоу̀бо̄јство
* бра̀тство
* бра̀тучед

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [brat]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at
* Hyphenation: брат

### Noun

брат • (brat) m pers (genitive бра́та, nominative plural брати́, genitive plural браті́в, relational adjective бра́тній or бра́тський or брате́рський, diminutive бра́тик or бра́тець or брату́нь)
* brother (biological sibling)
* brother (member of the Christian brotherhood)
* pal, mate

#### Related terms

* бра́ття (bráttja)

### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “брат”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “брат”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “брат”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “брат”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)