OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# nafsu
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Arabic نَفْس (nafs, “spirit, life”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnaf.su]
* Hyphenation: naf‧su

### Noun

nafsu (plural nafsu-nafsu)
* passion: any great, strong, powerful emotion, especially romantic love or extreme hate
* lust
* appetite
* anger
    Synonym: marah

#### Derived terms

* bernafsu
* nafsu makan

### Further reading

* “nafsu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# narasumber
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed nara- +‎ sumber (“source”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /naraˈsumbər/ [na.raˈsum.bər]
* Rhymes: -umbər
* Syllabification: na‧ra‧sum‧ber

### Noun

narasumber (plural narasumber-narasumber)
* (literally) the person from which information comes; a source
* one who relays confidential information to someone, especially to the police; an informer; an informant
* (extension) someone being interviewed, i.e. the person answering the questions; an interviewee

#### Alternative forms

* narsum

### Further reading

* “narasumber” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# naskah kebijakan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of naskah (“paper”) +‎ kebijakan (“policy”).

### Noun

naskah kebijakan (plural naskah-naskah kebijakan)
* (government) policy paper: a document that analyzes issues that require immediate policy action and are often produced for key events or conferences

### Further reading

* “naskah kebijakan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# natar
## Balinese
### Romanization

natar
* Romanization of ᬦᬢᬃ

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin natō (“I swim; I float”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naˈtar/

### Verb

natar (present tense natas, past tense natis, future tense natos, imperative natez, conditional natus)
* (intransitive) to swim

#### Conjugation
## Indonesian
### Etymology

* From Old Javanese natar (“grounds, yard; ground, surface of cloth on which the pattern is painted”).
* From Balinese natar (ᬦᬢᬃ, “house-complex”).
Both are inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *natad (“cleared area around house, cleared ground in village”), from Proto-Austronesian *NataD (“outside”). Related to Indonesian latar (“background”). Cognate of Tetum natar (“rice paddy, paddy field”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnatar]
* Hyphenation: na‧tar

### Noun

natar (uncountable)
* background colour in batik
    Synonyms: dasar, latar

### Noun

natar (uncountable)
* backyard
    Synonyms: halaman, pekarangan

### Further reading

* “natar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Cognate of Balinese natar (ᬦᬢᬃ, “house-complex”), Indonesian natar (“background colour in batik, backyard”), Tetum natar (“rice paddy, paddy field”).

### Noun

natar
* background colour in batik.
* backyard

#### Alternative forms

* ᬦᬢᬃ
* ꦤꦠꦂ (natar)

## Tetum
### Etymology

Cognate of Old Javanese natar (“grounds, yard; ground, surface of a piece of cloth on which the pattern is painted”), Balinese ᬦᬢᬃ (“backyard”), Indonesian natar.

### Noun

natar
* rice paddy; paddy field
# negara berkembang
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of negara (“country”) +‎ berkembang (“developing”, literally “flowering”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nə.ˈɡa.ra bər.kəm.ˈbaŋ/

### Noun

negara berkembang (plural negara-negara berkembang)
* (economics, geography) developing country: a sovereign state with a lesser developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries
    Synonym: negara membangun (Standard Malay)
    Antonym: negara maju

### Further reading

* “negara berkembang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# nawala
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦤꦮꦭ (nawala, “letter”), from Old Javanese nawala (“letter”), probably related to sawala, sewala, suwala (“letter, lontar-leaf, lontar-palm”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [naˈwa.la]
* Hyphenation: na‧wa‧la

### Noun

nawala (uncountable)
* (computing) newsletter: a periodically sent publication containing current events or the like, generally on a particular topic or geared toward a limited audience

### Further reading

* “nawala” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

nawala
* Romanization of ꦤꦮꦭ

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naˈva.la/
* Rhymes: -ala
* Syllabification: na‧wa‧la

### Verb

nawala
* third-person singular present of nawalać
# negara hukum
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of negara (“state”) +‎ hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch rechtsstaat (literally “law state”), from German Rechtsstaat coined by Carl Theodor Welcker in 1813.

### Noun

negara hukum (uncountable)
* (government, law) rechtsstaat, a doctrine in continental European legal thinking, with emphasise what is just, in which the exercise of governmental power is constrained by the law

#### Derived terms

* negara hukum formal
* negara hukum material

### Further reading

* “negara hukum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# negara-bangsa
## Indonesian
### Noun

negara-bangsa (plural negara-bangsa-negara-bangsa)
* (government, politics) alternative spelling of negara bangsa (“nation-state”)
# neraca perdagangan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of neraca (“balance”) +‎ perdagangan (“trade”), calque of Dutch handelsbalans.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nəˈrat͡ʃa pərdaˈɡaŋan]

### Noun

nêraca pêrdagangan (uncountable)
* (trading) balance of trade, trade balance, commercial balance: the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports in an economy over a certain period of time
    Synonym: neraca ekspor-impor
    Synonym: imbangan perdagangan (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “neraca perdagangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# ners
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English nurse, from Middle English norice, from Old French norrice, from Latin nūtrīcius (“that nourishes”), from nūtrīx (“wet nurse”), from nūtriō (“to suckle”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nərsˈ]
* Hyphenation: nêrs

### Noun

nêrs (plural ners-ners)
* (rare) nurse, person trained to provide care for the sick
    Synonyms: juru rawat, perawat, suster
# nilai
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay nilai, from Classical Malay nilai, from Tamil நிலை (nilai, “character, quality, nature”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnilai̯]
* Hyphenation: ni‧lai

### Noun

nilai (plural nilai-nilai)
* value, grade, mark
* score, grade, mark
    Synonyms: biji, ponten
    Synonym: gred (Standard Malay)
* value, price
    Synonym: harga
* quality
    Synonyms: kadar, mutu
* worth

#### Derived terms

* penilaian (“valuation”)
* bernilai (“valuable, having a value of (quantity)”)
* menilai (“to rate”)
* penilai (“rater, valuer”)
* ternilai

#### Compounds

* nilai absolut
* nilai ambang batas
* nilai amenitas
* nilai apgar
* nilai batas lulus
* nilai biologis
* nilai biologis tinggi
* nilai budaya
* nilai ekonomi
* nilai ekspor
* nilai energi
* nilai etik
* nilai hayati
* nilai intrinsik
* nilai jual objek pajak
* nilai keagamaan
* nilai keindahan
* nilai kenikmatan
* nilai larik
* nilai likuidasi
* nilai moral
* nilai mutlak
* nilai nominal
* nilai panas
* nilai pari
* nilai pasar
* nilai pelepasan
* nilai perusahaan
* nilai pewarisan
* nilai protein relatif
* nilai residu
* nilai semantik
* nilai tambah
* nilai tengah
* nilai terakumulasi
* nilai tertaksir
* nilai tetap
* nilai tukar
* nilai tukar tersesuaikan

### Further reading

* “nilai” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# nirkarat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

nir- +‎ karat (“rust”), literally “without rust”. Calque of English stainless.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nirkarat/

### Adjective

nirkarat
* stainless; describing an alloy that is resistant to corrosion and discoloration
# noktah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay noktah, from Arabic نُقْطَة (nuqṭa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɔk̚t̪ah]
* Hyphenation: nok‧tah

### Noun

noktah (plural)
* dot, point
    Synonyms: bintik, titik

### Further reading

* “noktah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Arabic نُقْطَة (nuqṭa).

### Noun

noktah (Jawi spelling نقطه, informal 1st possessive noktahku, 2nd possessive noktahmu, 3rd possessive noktahnya)
* dot, point
* period (punctuation mark)
    Synonym: titik

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: noktah

### Further reading

* “noktah” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# nori
## English
### Etymology 1

From Japanese 海苔(のり) (nori), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nǝri. The kanji literally mean "ocean moss", although this does not represent actual etymology as they are jukujikun (熟字訓).

#### Noun

nori (uncountable)
* A type of seaweed, a red alga, laver (genus Pyropia, including species P. yezoensis and P. tenera).
* The seaweed, chopped and formed into sheets, used in the preparation of sushi.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

nori (plural noris)
* Alternative form of norry

### Anagrams

* Iron, Orin, RINO, Rion, inro, inrō, iron, noir, roin

## Basque
### Etymology

From nor (“who”) +‎ -i (dative suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /noɾi/ [no.ɾi]
* Rhymes: -oɾi, -i
* Hyphenation: no‧ri

### Pronoun

nori
* dative indefinite of nor; to who, to whom
    Nori eman zenion? ― Who did you give it to?

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 海苔(のり) (nori, “ocean moss”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /no.ri/
* Hyphenation: no‧ri

### Noun

nori (uncountable)
* a type of seaweed, a red alga, laver (genus Pyropia, including species P. yezoensis and P. tenera)
* the seaweed, chopped and formed into sheets, used in the preparation of sushi

## Japanese
### Romanization

nori
* Rōmaji transcription of のり

## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈn̪ôːrʲɪ]

### Verb

nóri
* second-person singular present of norėti
* third-person singular present of norėti
* third-person plural present of norėti

## Maranao
### Etymology

From Malay nuri.

### Noun

nori
* parrot

### References

* A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

## Ngarrindjeri
### Alternative forms

* ngori

### Noun

nori
* pelican, specifically the Australian pelican (Pelecanus conspicillatus), a large water bird with the largest bill in the avian world.

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [norʲ]

### Noun

nori m pl
* plural of nor

## Swedish
### Noun

nori c
* nori
    sushirullar inlindade i norisushi rolls wrapped in nori

#### See also

* maki
* sushi

### References

* nori in Svensk ordbok (SO)
# pengeboran tumbuk
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pengeboran (“drilling”) +‎ tumbuk (“to pound; to crush; to strike”).

### Noun

pengeboran tumbuk (plural pengeboran-pengeboran tumbuk)
* (mining) percussion drilling: a drilling technique that uses a hammering bit to break apart materials like concrete or rock

### Further reading

* “pengeboran tumbuk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# keuntungan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From untung +‎ ke- -an.

### Noun

keuntungan (plural keuntungan-keuntungan)
* gain
* profit

## Malay
### Etymology

From untung +‎ ke- -an.

### Noun

keuntungan (plural keuntungan-keuntungan, informal 1st possessive keuntunganku, 2nd possessive keuntunganmu, 3rd possessive keuntungannya)
* gain
* profit
# fluzit
## Old High German
### Verb

fluȥīt
* second-person plural preterite subjunctive of flioȥan
# kutuk
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay kutuk. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈkutuʔ/ [ˈku.t̪ʊʔ]
* Rhymes: -utuʔ
* Syllabification: ku‧tuk

### Verb

kutuk
* (transitive) to curse
    Synonyms: kutuki, laknat, laknati
** to place a curse upon
** to call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon
** to bring great evil upon
* (transitive) to denounce; to condemn (to criticize or speak out against; to point out as deserving of reprehension, etc.; to openly accuse in a threatening manner)
    Synonym: kutuki

#### Conjugation

$^1$ The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

### Noun

kutuk (uncommon)
* synonym of kutukan (“curse”)

#### Derived terms

* keterkutukan
* kutukan
* kutuki
* terkutuk

### Further reading

* “kutuk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /kutoʔ/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /kutʊʔ/
* Rhymes: -utoʔ, -toʔ, -oʔ
* Rhymes: -uk

### Noun

kutuk (Jawi spelling کوتوق, plural kutuk-kutuk, informal 1st possessive kutukku, 2nd possessive kutukmu, 3rd possessive kutuknya)
* curse

#### Synonyms

* laknat
* sial

#### Derived terms

* kutukan
* terkutuk

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: kutuk

### Further reading

* “kutuk” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Tupi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuˈtuk/
* Rhymes: -uk
* Hyphenation: ku‧tuk

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kutuk, from Proto-Tupian *kutuk.

#### Verb

kutuk (first-person singular active indicative aîkutuk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîkutuki, noun kutuka) (transitive)
* to pierce; to puncture
** 1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter XI, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 64:Itámina pupê y îquê cutuc-i.[Itamina pupé iî yké kutuki.]With a lance he pierced his side.

##### Descendants

* ⇒ Brazilian Portuguese: cutucar

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

kutuk (first-person singular active indicative aîkutuk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîkutuki, noun kutuka) (transitive)
* Alternative form of kytyk

### References

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “kutuk”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 246, column 2

## Zazaki
### Noun

kutuk
* dog
# lafaz
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Arabic لَفْظ (lafẓ, “pronunciation”). Doublet of lafal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlafaz]
* Rhymes: -faz, -az, -z
* Hyphenation: la‧faz

### Noun

lafaz (plural lafaz-lafaz)
* pronunciation

#### Usage notes

* Only used in Islamic context (Quranic verse, hadith, etc).

### References

* ↑ Erwina Burhanuddin, Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan, R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “lafaz” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# アチャポ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* アチポ

### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *aatya LLH.

### Noun

アチャポ • (acapo)
* (Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril) uncle

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * Batchelor, John (1926) An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Kyobunkan
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)
   * DYBOWSKI のシュムシュ島アイヌ語資料について（第1部） (DYBOWSKI No Shumushu Tō Ainu Go Shiryō Ni Tsuite (Dai 1 Bu), “On DYBOWSKI's Shumshu Island Ainu Language Materials (Part 1)”)‎ (in Japanese), Fukuoka: 村山七郎 (Murayama Shichirō), 1970 (Kuril)
# tulang belakang
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of tulang +‎ belakang, inherited from Malay tulang belakang.

### Noun

tulang belakang (plural tulang-tulang belakang)
* (anatomy) spine
    Synonyms: tulang punggung, spina

### Further reading

* “tulang belakang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From tulang (“bone”) +‎ belakang (“back”).

### Noun

tulang belakang (plural tulang-tulang belakang, informal 1st possessive tulang belakangku, 2nd possessive tulang belakangmu, 3rd possessive tulang belakangnya)
* spine (backbone)

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: tulang belakang (inherited)
# lakban
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch plakband (“sticky tape, adhesive tape”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlak̚.ban]
* Hyphenation: lak‧ban

### Noun

lakban (plural lakban-lakban)
* duck tape, duct tape
    Synonyms: isolasi (colloquial), solasi (nonstandard)
    Hyponym: selotip
    Lakban! Ada lakban di kotak peralatanku. ― Tape! There is a duct tape in my toolbox.

### References

* ↑ 2016, Andy Weir, The Martian - Si Penghuni Mars, Gramedia Pustaka Utama (→ISBN), page 236.

### Further reading

* “lakban” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# laknat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay laknat, from Arabic لَعْنَة (laʕna).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlaknat̚/
* Rhymes: -nat, -at, -t
* Hyphenation: lak‧nat

### Noun

laknat (plural laknat-laknat)
* curse, malediction
* evil spirit

### Adjective

laknat
* cursed; damned
    Sebagai mahasiswa, kita harus menghapus ideologi komunisme/Marxisme-Leninisme yang laknat itu dari muka dunia!As students we must wipe that damned Communist/Marxist-Leninist ideology off the face of the earth!

#### Derived terms

* dilaknat
* melaknat

### References

* ↑ Erwina Burhanuddin, Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan, R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “laknat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* lanat

### Etymology

From Arabic لَعْنَة (laʕna).

### Noun

laknat (Jawi spelling لعنة, plural laknat-laknat, informal 1st possessive laknatku, 2nd possessive laknatmu, 3rd possessive laknatnya)
* a curse, ruin
* a cursed person

#### Synonyms

* kutuk
* murka

#### Derived terms

* laknatullah (“cursed by God, an enemy of Islam”)
* melaknat (“to be cursed”)
* terlaknat (“to fall under a curse”)
* waknat (“to be cursed, cursed”) (Internet slang)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: laknat

### Further reading

* “laknat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# tulang belakang
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of tulang +‎ belakang, inherited from Malay tulang belakang.

### Noun

tulang belakang (plural tulang-tulang belakang)
* (anatomy) spine
    Synonyms: tulang punggung, spina, vertebra

### Further reading

* “tulang belakang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From tulang (“bone”) +‎ belakang (“back”).

### Noun

tulang belakang (plural tulang-tulang belakang, informal 1st possessive tulang belakangku, 2nd possessive tulang belakangmu, 3rd possessive tulang belakangnya)
* spine (backbone)

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: tulang belakang (inherited)
# lanca
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lan.t͡ʃa/
* Hyphenation: lan‧ca

### Etymology 1

From Malay lanca, from Classical Malay lanca.

#### Noun

lanca (plural lanca-lanca)
* (obsolete) three-masted big ship

### Etymology 2

From Malay lanca, from Hokkien 人車 / 人车 (lâng-chhia, “rickshaw”).

#### Noun

lanca (plural lanca-lanca)
* Nonstandard spelling of lancia (“rickshaw”).

### Further reading

* “lanca” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Probably from an Alpine substrate word.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlan.ka/
* Rhymes: -anka
* Hyphenation: làn‧ca

### Noun

lanca f (plural lanche)
* oxbow, oxbow lake, billabong

## Malay
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lant͡ʃa/
* Rhymes: -ant͡ʃa, -nt͡ʃa, -t͡ʃa

#### Noun

lanca (Jawi spelling لنچا, plural lanca-lanca, informal 1st possessive lancaku, 2nd possessive lancamu, 3rd possessive lancanya)
* (Classical Malay) three-masted big ship.

### Etymology 2

From Hokkien 人車 / 人车 (lâng-chhia, “rickshaw”).

#### Noun

lanca (Jawi spelling لنچا, plural lanca-lanca, informal 1st possessive lancaku, 2nd possessive lancamu, 3rd possessive lancanya)
* rickshaw

#### See also

* beca

### References

* "lanca" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
* “lanca” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle High German lanze.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlan.t͡sa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ant͡sa
* Syllabification: lan‧ca

### Noun

lanca f
* lance (weapon)
    Synonym: kopia

#### Declension
### Further reading

* lanca in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* lanca in Polish dictionaries at PWN