# toga
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed directly from Latin toga, from tegō (“I clothe”). Doublet of toge. The Philippine (and Indonesian) senses are due to the resemblance of the white ceremonial gowns worn by graduates of institutions to the loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈtəʊ.ɡə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈtoʊ.ɡə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊɡə

### Noun

toga (plural togas or togae or togæ)
* A loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome.
** 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 196:Or think of a decent young citizen in a toga - perhaps too much dice, you know - coming out here in the train of some prefect, or tax-gatherer, or trader even, to mend his fortunes.
* A loose wrap gown.
* (Philippines, Indonesia) cap and gown; ceremonial gown or robe (worn by a graduate, lawyer, judge, professor etc.)

#### Synonyms

* toge (obsolete)

#### Derived terms

* togaed
* toga party

#### Related terms

* togate

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* chiton

### Anagrams

* G. O. A. T., G.O.A.T., GOAT, Goat, Gøta, atgo, go at, goat

## Cebuano
### Noun

toga
* an academic gown
* (historical) loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Rome

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin toga.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoː.ɣaː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: to‧ga
* Rhymes: -oːɣaː

### Noun

toga f (plural toga's, diminutive togaatje n)
* (historical) a toga, an outer garment worn by Roman patrician men
* a gown worn by academics, Christian priests or ministers, and certain members of the legal profession

#### Hypernyms

* ambtskleed

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: toga

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse toga, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną; cognate with English tow.

### Verb

toga (third person singular past indicative togaði, third person plural past indicative togaðu, supine togað)
* to pull

#### Conjugation

$^1$Only the past participle being declined.

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈto(ː)ɡɑ/, [ˈt̪o̞(ː)ɡɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -oɡɑ
* Hyphenation: to‧ga

### Noun

toga
* Alternative form of tooga

#### Declension

Possessive forms of toga (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
togani
togani
accusative
nom.
togani
togani
gen.
togani
genitive
togani
togieni togaini $^{rare}$
partitive
togaani
togiani
inessive
togassani
togissani
elative
togastani
togistani
illative
togaani
togiini
adessive
togallani
togillani
ablative
togaltani
togiltani
allative
togalleni
togilleni
essive
toganani
toginani
translative
togakseni
togikseni
abessive
togattani
togittani
instructive
comitative
—togineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
togasi
togasi
accusative
nom.
togasi
togasi
gen.
togasi
genitive
togasi
togiesi togaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
togaasi
togiasi
inessive
togassasi
togissasi
elative
togastasi
togistasi
illative
togaasi
togiisi
adessive
togallasi
togillasi
ablative
togaltasi
togiltasi
allative
togallesi
togillesi
essive
toganasi
toginasi
translative
togaksesi
togiksesi
abessive
togattasi
togittasi
instructive
comitative
—toginesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
togamme
togamme
accusative
nom.
togamme
togamme
gen.
togamme
genitive
togamme
togiemme togaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
togaamme
togiamme
inessive
togassamme
togissamme
elative
togastamme
togistamme
illative
togaamme
togiimme
adessive
togallamme
togillamme
ablative
togaltamme
togiltamme
allative
togallemme
togillemme
essive
toganamme
toginamme
translative
togaksemme
togiksemme
abessive
togattamme
togittamme
instructive
comitative
—toginemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
toganne
toganne
accusative
nom.
toganne
toganne
gen.
toganne
genitive
toganne
togienne togainne $^{rare}$
partitive
togaanne
togianne
inessive
togassanne
togissanne
elative
togastanne
togistanne
illative
togaanne
togiinne
adessive
togallanne
togillanne
ablative
togaltanne
togiltanne
allative
togallenne
togillenne
essive
togananne
toginanne
translative
togaksenne
togiksenne
abessive
togattanne
togittanne
instructive
comitative
—toginenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
togansa
togansa
accusative
nom.
togansa
togansa
gen.
togansa
genitive
togansa
togiensa togainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
togaansa
togiaan togiansa
inessive
togassaan togassansa
togissaan togissansa
elative
togastaan togastansa
togistaan togistansa
illative
togaansa
togiinsa
adessive
togallaan togallansa
togillaan togillansa
ablative
togaltaan togaltansa
togiltaan togiltansa
allative
togalleen togallensa
togilleen togillensa
essive
toganaan toganansa
toginaan toginansa
translative
togakseen togaksensa
togikseen togiksensa
abessive
togattaan togattansa
togittaan togittansa
instructive
comitative
—togineen toginensa :

### Further reading

* “toga”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* gota

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse toga, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną; cognate with English tow.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʰɔːɣa/
    Rhymes: -ɔːɣa

### Verb

toga (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative togaði, supine togað)
* to pull, to draw, to tug [intransitive or with accusative]
    Synonym: draga
* to trawl [intransitive or with accusative]

#### Derived terms

* hártogun
* hlaupa eins og fætur toga (“to run as fast as one can”)
* toga í eitthvað (“to pull on something”)
* togari (“trawler”)
* togast
* togast á um (“to fight over something, to contend for something”)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈtoɡa/ [ˈt̪o.ɡa]
* Rhymes: -oɡa
* Syllabification: to‧ga

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch toga, from Latin toga.

#### Noun

toga (plural toga-toga)
* toga:
** (historical) a loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome
** (education) cap and gown; ceremonial gown or robe (worn by a graduate, lawyer, judge, professor etc.)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

toga (plural toga-toga)
* (pharmacy, healthcare) Acronym of tanaman obat keluarga (literally “family medicinal plant(s)”).
* a plot of land in the yard, to cultivate plants that have medicinal properties

### Further reading

* “toga” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin toga.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ.ɡa/
* Rhymes: -ɔɡa
* Hyphenation: tò‧ga

### Noun

toga f (plural toghe)
* toga
* gown, robe
* magistrate, judge
* (by extension) lawyer

#### Related terms

* togale
* togato

### Anagrams

* Tago, gota, tago

## Japanese
### Romanization

toga
* Rōmaji transcription of とが

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *togā, from Proto-Indo-European *togéh₂ (“cover”), from *(s)teg- (“to cover”) (whence tegō).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈto.ɡa/, [ˈt̪ɔɡä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈto.ɡa/, [ˈt̪ɔːɡä]

### Noun

toga f (genitive togae); first declension
* toga
    Toga candida.Pure white toga.
* a garment
* a roof
* (figuratively) a client
* (figuratively) peace

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* epitogium
* toga alba
* toga candida
* toga picta
* toga praetexta
* toga pulla
* toga pura
* toga trabea
* toga virilis
* togāta
* togātārius
* togātulus
* togātus
* togula

#### Descendants

* → English: toga
* → French: toge
* → Italian: toga
* → Spanish: toga

### References

* “toga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* toga in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to assume the toga virilis: togam virilem (puram) sumere

## Northern Sami
### Etymology

Borrowed from Norwegian tog, Swedish tåg.

### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈtʰoːka/

### Noun

tōga
* (Norway, Sweden) train
    Synonym: juná

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* togene

#### Noun

toga n
* definite plural of tog

### Etymology 2

From Latin toga.

#### Noun

toga m (definite singular togaen, indefinite plural togaer, definite plural togaene)
* a toga (Roman garment)

### References

* “toga” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “toga” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

toga n
* definite plural of tog

### Etymology 2

From Latin toga.

#### Noun

toga m (definite singular togaen, indefinite plural togaer or togaar, definite plural togaene or togaane)
* a toga (Roman garment)

### References

* “toga” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* toha

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *togō (“leader”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈto.ɡɑ/, [ˈto.ɣɑ]

### Noun

toga m
* leader (only found in compounds)

#### Derived terms

* folctoga
* heretoga

#### Related terms

* ġetoht
* tohte

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “toga”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* tog

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoɣa/

### Verb

toga
* second-person singular imperative of do·goa

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Old Norse
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *tugōną.

#### Verb

toga
* to draw, pull, stretch

##### Descendants

* Faroese: toga
* Icelandic: toga
* Norwegian Nynorsk: toge

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

toga
* indefinite genitive plural of tog

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “toga”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin toga.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ.ɡa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔɡa
* Syllabification: to‧ga

### Noun

toga f
* (Ancient Rome, historical) toga (traditional garment of men in Ancient Rome, corresponding to the stola worn by women)
    Coordinate term: stola
* (education) academic dress (traditional form of clothing for academic settings, mainly tertiary (and sometimes secondary) education, worn mainly by those who have obtained a university degree (or similar), or hold a status that entitles them to assume them (e.g., undergraduate students at certain old universities))
* (law) toga (long, loose outfit of judges, lawyers, and prosecutors, worn for official occasions)
* (Protestantism) toga (robe of evangelical clergy)

#### Related terms

* togat

### Further reading

* toga in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* toga in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* toga in PWN's encyclopedia

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɔ.ɡɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɔ.ɡɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɔ.ɡa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈtɔ.ɡɐ/ [ˈtɔ.ɣɐ]
* Hyphenation: to‧ga

### Noun

toga f (plural togas)
* toga (loose outer garment worn by the citizens of ancient Rome)

## Samoan
### Etymology

See also Malay tengah (“centre”) and Maori tonga (“south”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /to.ŋa/

### Noun

toga
* south

### Adjective

toga
* southern

### Derived terms

* Toga (“Tonga”)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tǒːɡa/
* Hyphenation: to‧ga

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

tóga f (Cyrillic spelling то́га)
* toga, gown

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “toga”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

toga
* inflection of taj:
** genitive masculine/neuter
** accusative masculine animate

## Slovene
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tǫga.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tòːɡa/

#### Noun

tọ́ga f
* sadness (state/emotion)
    Synonym: žálost

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin toga.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tòːɡa/

#### Noun

tọ́ga f
* toga (garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome)

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

tóga
* inflection of tog:
** masculine nominative/accusative dual
** feminine nominative singular
** neuter nominative/accusative plural

### Further reading

* “toga”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “toga”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoɡa/ [ˈt̪o.ɣ̞a]
* Rhymes: -oɡa
* Syllabification: to‧ga

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin toga.

#### Noun

toga f (plural togas)
* toga
* (ceremonial) gown; (ceremonial) robe (worn by a lawyer, judge, graduate, professor etc.)

#### Verb

toga
* only used in se toga, third-person singular present indicative of togarse
* only used in te ... toga, syntactic variant of tógate, second-person singular imperative of togarse

### Etymology 2

Back slang for gato.

#### Noun

toga m (plural togas)
* (back slang, slang, Argentina) cat

### Further reading

* “toga”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* gato, gota

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish toga, from Latin toga.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈtoɡa/ [ˈt̪oː.ɣɐ]
* Rhymes: -oɡa
* Syllabification: to‧ga

### Noun

toga (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜄ)
* cap and gown; ceremonial gown or robe (worn by a graduate, lawyer, judge, professor etc.)
* toga (garment used by the citizens of ancient Rome)

#### Derived terms

* magtoga

#### See also

* sablay

### Further reading

* “toga”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* gota, taog, tago

## West Makian
### Etymology

Compare East Makian togal (“to pull”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt̪o.ɡa/

### Verb

toga
* (transitive) to pull
* (transitive) to lift up (from water)
* (transitive) to pull up (an anchor)

#### Conjugation
### References

* James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎, Pacific linguistics
* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics