# 現在
## Chinese
### Etymology
#### "the present; now"

    Originally a Buddhist calque of Sanskrit प्रत्युत्पन्न (pratyutpanna, “present; existing at the present moment”, past participle), from प्रति (prati, “upon; near; toward”) + उत्पन्न (utpanna, “occurred; arisen; mentioned”), from the verb root पद् (pad, “to go”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiànzài, xiàn'ài
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄗㄞˋ, ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄞˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian$^4$ zai$^4$
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): xiēnzai
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щүанзэ (xüanze, II-I) / щянзэ (xi͡anze, III-III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^6$ zoi$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xien$^5$ 'cai$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hien-chhai / hian-chhai
    (Hailu, HRS): hien$^˖$ cai$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hian$^4$ cai$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hiêng-câi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): heng$^5$ zai$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiān-chǎi / hiān-chāi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hing$^7$ zai$^6$ / hêng$^7$ zai$^6$ / hiang$^7$ zai$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$yi-ze / $^6$ye-ze$_6$ / $^2$ye$_6$-ze$_6$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xienn$^5$ zai$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiànzài
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄗㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siànzài
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^4$-tsai$^4$
*** Yale: syàn-dzài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianntzay
*** Palladius: сяньцзай (sjanʹczaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$現在 / 现在 見在 / 见在
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn'ài
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàn-ài
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^4$-ai$^4$
*** Yale: syàn-ài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiannay
*** Palladius: сяньай (sjanʹaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xian$^4$ zai$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xianzai
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɛn²¹³ t͡sai²¹³/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: xiēnzai
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): xien$^4$ zai$^0$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiẽ⁴⁴ t͡sɛ/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щүанзэ (xüanze, II-I) / щянзэ (xi͡anze, III-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyæ̃⁵¹ t͡sɛ²⁴/, /ɕiæ̃⁴⁴ t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^6$ zoi$^6$
*** Yale: yihn joih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^6$ dzoi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^6$ zoi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²² t͡sɔːi̯²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$現在 / 现在 見在 / 见在
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xien$^5$ 'cai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɛn¹¹ ˈt͡sʰai¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hien-chhai
*** Hakka Romanization System: hien cai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hian$^4$ cai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯en⁵⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hian-chhai
*** Hakka Romanization System: hian cai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hian$^4$ cai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯an⁵⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hien$^˖$ cai$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /hien³³ t͡sʰai³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hian$^4$ cai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hian⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hiêng-câi
*** Sinological IPA : /hieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒɑi²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: heng$^5$ zai$^5$ [Phonetic: heng$^4$ zai$^5$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hēng-cāi
*** Sinological IPA : /hɛŋ²¹⁻⁴² t͡sai²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiān-chǎi
*** Tâi-lô: hiān-tsǎi
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn⁴¹⁻²² t͡sai²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiān-chāi
*** Tâi-lô: hiān-tsāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiexnzai
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn³³⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn³³⁻²¹ t͡sai³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɛn²²⁻²¹ t͡sai²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hing$^7$ zai$^6$ / hêng$^7$ zai$^6$ / hiang$^7$ zai$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hīng tsăi / hēng tsăi / hiāng tsăi
*** Sinological IPA : /hiŋ¹¹ t͡sai³⁵/, /heŋ¹¹ t͡sai³⁵/, /hiaŋ¹¹ t͡sai³⁵/
* hing7 zai6 - Chaozhou;
* hêng7 zai6 - Jieyang;
* hiang7 zai6 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
* Middle Chinese: henH dzojX|dzojH
Rime :
| Character | 現 | 在 | 在 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 從 (15) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 咍 (41) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡甸切 | 昨宰切 | 昨代切 |
| Baxter | henH | dzojX | dzojH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦen$^H$/ | /d͡zʌi$^X$/ | /d͡zʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦen$^H$/ | /d͡zəi$^X$/ | /d͡zəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɛn$^H$/ | /d͡zɒi$^X$/ | /d͡zɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɛn$^H$/ | /d͡zəj$^X$/ | /d͡zəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣen$^H$/ | /d͡zᴀi$^X$/ | /d͡zᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣien$^H$/ | /d͡zɒi$^X$/ | /d͡zɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣien$^H$/ | /d͡zʱɑ̆i$^X$/ | /d͡zʱɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiàn | zài | zài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^6$ | zoi$^6$ | zoi$^6$ |

### Noun

現在
* now; the present time; the present moment; the current time
    珍惜現在／珍惜现在 ― zhēnxī xiànzài ― to cherish the present
    現在還早／现在还早 ― xiànzài hái zǎo ― It's still early.
    現在的情況／现在的情况 ― xiànzài de qíngkuàng ― the current situation
    現在幾點了？／现在几点了？ ― Xiànzài jǐdiǎn le? ― What time is it at the moment?
    你現在在哪裡？／你现在在哪里？ ― Nǐ xiànzài zài nǎlǐ? ― Where are you now?
       Dàojìshí xiànzài kāishǐ! [Pinyin]
       The countdown starts now!
       Wǒ xiànzài méiyǒu bànfǎ gōngzuò. [Pinyin]
       There's no way I can work now.
       Yuánlái rènwéi bàn bù dào de shì, xiànzài bàn dào le. [Pinyin]
       What was thought impossible has now been done.
       Huǒchē sān diǎn kāi, nǐ xiànzài qù hái láidejí. [Pinyin]
       The train leaves at three. You can still make it if you go now.
       Jiù diànshìjiémù bǐ xiànzài de diànshìjiémù hǎoduō ba! [Pinyin]
       The old television shows are much better than the current television shows!
    From: 朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 《蒙自雜記》
    Wǒ zài Méngzì zhù guò wǔ ge yuè, wǒ de jiā yě zài nàlǐ zhù guò liǎng ge yuè. Wǒ xiànzài chángcháng xiǎngqǐ zhè ge dìfang, tèbié shì zài rénshì fánmáng de shíhou. Méngzì xiǎo de hǎo, rén shǎo de hǎo. [Pinyin]
    I lived in Mengzi for five months, and my family two months. I often think of the place now, especially when my social life is busy. Mengzi is good because it's small and sparsely populated.
* (literary) this life; this world

#### Synonyms

* (now):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 當今, 此時, 方今, 今朝, 如今, 而今, 今$_1$, 茲, 乃今, 於今 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 現在, 現今, 現時, 當今, 此時, 此刻, 如今, 而今, 茲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 現在, 現而今, 如今晚兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 現在, 現如今, 現下, 現前兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 現在 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 現如今, 當下 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 現在, 如今, 現如今 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 這時晚兒, 現時晚兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 現在, 而今, 現如今 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 人根, 移根 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 致兒, 現在 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 眼今, 眼是, 腳底下, 現如今, 現而今 dated, 至而今 dated |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 現在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 現在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 賈 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 眼下, 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 這陣子, 這陣, 這下兒, 這個時候, 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 如今, 此如今 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 這下, 這崗, 掌, 這歇, 這個時候 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 一寁 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 現在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 現在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 而今, 如今 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 而家, 家下, 家陣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 而家, 家下, 家陣, 而家下 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 那下 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 該時 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 家下, 那下 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 果陣 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 個陣 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 而家, 而卡 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 家陣, 而家 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 而家 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 現在, 如今 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 該行崽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 該仔, 如今 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 今下, 今仔下, 現下 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 如下 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Tangkeng) | 今$_1$ |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Fengliang) | 今時 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Pantian) | 今子 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Changting | 如今 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 今下 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 今$_1$ |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 已久 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 今子 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 如今 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 如今, 今下子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 今底 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 這下, 現下, 今下, 今時, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 這下, 現下, 今嘎, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 這下, 現下, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 這下, 現下, 今這下, 這滿 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 這下, 現下, 今這下, 今下, 今時 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 這下, 現時, 今這下, 這滿 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 今下 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 今下, 今下子, 今下仔 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 呢下 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 爾歇 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 爾扎兒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 如今, 而今 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 現時 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 現在 |
| Jin | Linhe | 這咱會兒 |
| Jin | Jining | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Baotou | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 如今 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 迦今, 今迦, 現刻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 迦 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 迦 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 今下 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 迦, 今下 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 現時, 現刻, 現在, 現今, 仱, 今旦日 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 現時 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 現在, 仱 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 足古 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 這陣, 這滿, 這輒仔, 這輒, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 今$_2$, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 這陣, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 現當今, 今$_2$, 際, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 這陣, 這久, 現時, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 這陣, 這輒仔, 這輒, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 現主在, 現在, 現曾, 今$_2$, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 現主清 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 這陣, 這馬, 現在 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 今$_2$, 這時, 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 今$_2$, 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 這陣, 這馬, 這路尾 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 這馬, 這陣 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 今$_2$, 這時, 這陣, 這馬, 這站, 現主時, 現這馬, 現步 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 這陣 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 這陣, 今$_2$, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 今仔, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 這陣, 這時, 當今, 這久, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 這陣, 現時, 現在, 現主時, 這際, 這時 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 此在, 現在, 現時, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 現在, 現時, 只陣, 只回, 此在, 眼在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 此在, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 此在, 只時, 只回, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 現在 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 只陣, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 只旦 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 現旦 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 今$_2$, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 今$_2$, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 而今 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 現在, 乃, 葛歇, 搿歇, 搿個辰光, 迭歇, 迭個辰光 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 那末 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 現在, 姑歇, 哀歇, 該歇 |
| Wu | Danyang | 格歇候, 格娘收, 現在 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 記歇 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 恁界, 恁仰界 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 格孑 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 如今, 如至今, 如嶄, 現在 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 咯如在 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 而界, 如今 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 侯基 |

#### Derived terms

* 一天一個現在 / 一天一个现在
* 現在分詞 / 现在分词 (xiànzài fēncí)
* 現在史 / 现在史 (xiànzàishǐ)
* 現在時 / 现在时 (xiànzàishí)
* 現在進行式 / 现在进行式 (xiànzài jìnxíngshì)

#### See also

* 當前／当前 (dāngqián)
* 目前 (mùqián)

### Verb

現在
* (literary) to remain; to still exist
* (literary) to be alive
* (formal) to be currently at; to be currently in

#### Synonyms

* (to remain):
* 尚存 (shàngcún) (literary)
* 現存 / 现存 (xiàncún)
* 現有 / 现有 (xiànyǒu)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 現 | 在 |
| げん Grade: 5 | ざい Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) げんざい [géꜜǹzàì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡẽ̞nd͡za̠i]

### Noun

現(げん)在(ざい) • (genzai)
* the present, now

### Adverb

現(げん)在(ざい) • (genzai)
* now, at present
** From the [http: / www.debian.org/intro/about.ja.html#what Debian とは一体何ですか?] ([http:, “WHAT is Debian?”) in the [http: / www.debian.org/intro/about.ja.html Debian について] ([http:, “About Debian”) homepage
    Debianは、現在Linuxカーネルを利用しています。
       Debianは、げんざいLinuxカーネルをりようしています。
       Debianwa, genzai Linux kāneru o riyō shite imasu.
          Debian is currently using the Linux kernel.

#### Synonyms

* 今(いま) (ima)
* 今現在(いまげんざい) (ima genzai)
* 現時点(げんじてん) (genjiten)

#### See also

* 過去(かこ) (kako): (n.) the past
* 未来(みらい) (mirai): (n.) the future

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 現 | 在 |

### Noun

現在 • (hyeonjae) (hangeul 현재)
* hanja form of 현재 (“the present time”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 現 | 在 |

### Noun

現在
* chữ Hán form of hiện tại (“the present”).