# bonus
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bonus (“good”). Doublet of bona.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbəʊ.nəs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈboʊ.nəs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊnəs

### Noun

bonus (plural bonuses or bonusses or (nonstandard) boni)
* Something extra that is good; an added benefit.
* An extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder.
** 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. […] Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster. Clever financial ploys are what have made billionaires of the industry’s veterans. “Operational improvement” in a portfolio company has often meant little more than promising colossal bonuses to sitting chief executives if they meet ambitious growth targets. That model is still prevalent today.
    The employee of the week receives a bonus for his excellent work.
* (video games) An addition to the player's score based on performance, e.g. for time remaining.
** 1988, David Powell, Rygar (video game review) in Your Sinclair issue 25
    Spend the time killing things and there's a bonus for each hit - but only for fatalities notched up since the start of your current life.
* (basketball) One or more free throws awarded to a team when the opposing team has accumulated enough fouls.

#### Derived terms

* antibonus
* baby bonus
* bonus baby
* Bonusgate
* bonus genius
* bonus hole
* bonus-less
* bonus mother
* bonus-point
* bonus question
* double bonus
* no claims bonus
* nonbonus
* non-bonus
* signing bonus
* sign on bonus
* sign-on bonus

#### Descendants

* → Danish: bonus
* → French: bonus
* → German: Bonus
* → Portuguese: bónus, bônus (Brazil)
* → Japanese: ボーナス (bōnasu)
* → Turkish: bonus

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

bonus (third-person singular simple present bonuses or bonusses, present participle bonusing or bonussing, simple past and past participle bonused or bonussed)
* (transitive) To pay a bonus, premium
** 1949, Land Values Research Group, Reclamation of an Industrial Suburb:In its adherence to a system of rating which bonusses the most anti-social owners and penalises those doing something to improve the district, the municipality must accept a large measure of responsibility.
** 1964, Translations on USSR Labor, United States Joint Publications Research Service, page 22:The main bulk of the piece-workers (71%) are bonussed for fulfillment of the production quotas by the section, shop or plant on condition they fulfill the norms.
** 1991, Bruce S. Elliott, The City Beyond: A History of Nepean, Birthplace of Canada’s Capital, 1792-1990, Corporation of the City of Nepean, →ISBN, page 130:Extracting grants called bonusses from municipal councils had become a fine art in the hands of railway promoters, and by the 1870s councils were aware that huge municipal debts could be mounted up by bonussing railway lines that as often as not never materialized.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Bonsu, bo'sun, bosun, bouns

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bonus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbonus]
* Hyphenation: bo‧nus

### Noun

bonus m inan
* bonus

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “bonus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “bonus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Danish
### Etymology

Via English bonus from Latin bonus (“good”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈb̥oːnus]

### Noun

bonus c (singular definite bonussen, plural indefinite bonusser)
* bonus (an extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder)
* bonus (an unexpected benefit)
* bonus (an extraordinary reduction of a price)

#### Declension
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bonus (“good”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈboː.nʏs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bo‧nus

### Noun

bonus m (plural bonussen or boni, diminutive bonusje n)
* a bonus, an extra or premium
* (by extension) Any one-off gain
* good marks in a rating scale, notably to calculate an insurance premium dependent on the number of accidents

#### Derived terms

* bonusaandeel
* bonuscultuur
* bonus-malus
* bonuslevel
* bonuspunt
* bonusscore

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: bonus
* → Sranan Tongo: bones
** → Caribbean Javanese: bones

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bonus or Latin bonus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbo(ː)nus/, [ˈbo̞(ː)nus̠]
* Rhymes: -onus
* Hyphenation: bo‧nus

### Noun

bonus
* bonus (something extra)
* bonus (extra payment to an employee)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of bonus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
bonukseni
bonukseni
accusative
nom.
bonukseni
bonukseni
gen.
bonukseni
genitive
bonukseni
bonusteni bonuksieni
partitive
bonustani
bonuksiani
inessive
bonuksessani
bonuksissani
elative
bonuksestani
bonuksistani
illative
bonukseeni
bonuksiini
adessive
bonuksellani
bonuksillani
ablative
bonukseltani
bonuksiltani
allative
bonukselleni
bonuksilleni
essive
bonuksenani
bonuksinani
translative
bonuksekseni
bonuksikseni
abessive
bonuksettani
bonuksittani
instructive
comitative
—bonuksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
bonuksesi
bonuksesi
accusative
nom.
bonuksesi
bonuksesi
gen.
bonuksesi
genitive
bonuksesi
bonustesi bonuksiesi
partitive
bonustasi
bonuksiasi
inessive
bonuksessasi
bonuksissasi
elative
bonuksestasi
bonuksistasi
illative
bonukseesi
bonuksiisi
adessive
bonuksellasi
bonuksillasi
ablative
bonukseltasi
bonuksiltasi
allative
bonuksellesi
bonuksillesi
essive
bonuksenasi
bonuksinasi
translative
bonukseksesi
bonuksiksesi
abessive
bonuksettasi
bonuksittasi
instructive
comitative
—bonuksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
bonuksemme
bonuksemme
accusative
nom.
bonuksemme
bonuksemme
gen.
bonuksemme
genitive
bonuksemme
bonustemme bonuksiemme
partitive
bonustamme
bonuksiamme
inessive
bonuksessamme
bonuksissamme
elative
bonuksestamme
bonuksistamme
illative
bonukseemme
bonuksiimme
adessive
bonuksellamme
bonuksillamme
ablative
bonukseltamme
bonuksiltamme
allative
bonuksellemme
bonuksillemme
essive
bonuksenamme
bonuksinamme
translative
bonukseksemme
bonuksiksemme
abessive
bonuksettamme
bonuksittamme
instructive
comitative
—bonuksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
bonuksenne
bonuksenne
accusative
nom.
bonuksenne
bonuksenne
gen.
bonuksenne
genitive
bonuksenne
bonustenne bonuksienne
partitive
bonustanne
bonuksianne
inessive
bonuksessanne
bonuksissanne
elative
bonuksestanne
bonuksistanne
illative
bonukseenne
bonuksiinne
adessive
bonuksellanne
bonuksillanne
ablative
bonukseltanne
bonuksiltanne
allative
bonuksellenne
bonuksillenne
essive
bonuksenanne
bonuksinanne
translative
bonukseksenne
bonuksiksenne
abessive
bonuksettanne
bonuksittanne
instructive
comitative
—bonuksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
bonuksensa
bonuksensa
accusative
nom.
bonuksensa
bonuksensa
gen.
bonuksensa
genitive
bonuksensa
bonustensa bonuksiensa
partitive
bonustaan bonustansa
bonuksiaan bonuksiansa
inessive
bonuksessaan bonuksessansa
bonuksissaan bonuksissansa
elative
bonuksestaan bonuksestansa
bonuksistaan bonuksistansa
illative
bonukseensa
bonuksiinsa
adessive
bonuksellaan bonuksellansa
bonuksillaan bonuksillansa
ablative
bonukseltaan bonukseltansa
bonuksiltaan bonuksiltansa
allative
bonukselleen bonuksellensa
bonuksilleen bonuksillensa
essive
bonuksenaan bonuksenansa
bonuksinaan bonuksinansa
translative
bonuksekseen bonukseksensa
bonuksikseen bonuksiksensa
abessive
bonuksettaan bonuksettansa
bonuksittaan bonuksittansa
instructive
comitative
—bonuksineen bonuksinensa :

#### Synonyms

* (something extra): ekstra, lisäetu, plussa
* (employee bonus): kannustuspalkkio, tulospalkkio

#### Derived terms

* bonusjärjestelmä
* bonuskortti
* bonuslapsi

### Further reading

* “bonus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Etymology

English bonus, from Latin bonus. Compare bon (“good”), a doublet inherited from the same Latin word.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔ.nys/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bonus m (uncountable)
* premium
* bonus

#### Antonyms

* malus

#### Further reading

* “bonus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch bonus, from Latin bonus (“good”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbonʊs]
* Hyphenation: bo‧nus

### Noun

bonus (plural bonus-bonus)
* bonus:
** something extra that is good; an added benefit
** an extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder
    Synonyms: gratifikasi, insentif

#### Derived terms

* berbonus
* dibonusi
* membonusi
* bonus akhir kontrak
* bonus antisipasi
* bonus demografi
* bonus demografis
* bonus insentif
* bonus kembalian
* bonus loyalitas
* bonus produksi
* bonus retensi
* bonus tahunan
* bonus terjamin
* bonus tundaan

#### Related terms

* bon

### Further reading

* “bonus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin bonus, either through English or influenced by English. Compare the inherited doublet buono (“good”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɔ.nus/
* Rhymes: -ɔnus
* Hyphenation: bò‧nus

### Noun

bonus m (invariable)
* a bonus (all senses)

## Latin
### Etymology

From Old Latin duenos, later duonus, from Proto-Italic *dwenos, further etymology uncertain. Possibly cognate with beō (“to bless, gladden”). Possible roots include:
* Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to join, fit together”); compare Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “to do, make”) and Ancient Greek δύναμαι (dúnamai, “to be able”).
* Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-u, from *deh₃- (“to give”).
* Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to show favor, revere”)
* Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”), source of Ancient Greek δέος (déos), δεινός (deinós), δειλός (deilós).
Compare the change from duellum to bellum (“war”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈbo.nus/, [ˈbɔnʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈbo.nus/, [ˈbɔːnus]

### Adjective

bonus (feminine bona, neuter bonum, comparative melior, superlative optimus or optumus, adverb bene); first/second-declension adjective
* good, honest, brave, noble, kind, pleasant
    Antonym: malus
* right
* useful
* valid
* healthy
* quality

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Derived terms

* bonitās
* cui bonō

#### Related terms

* bellus
* bene (“well”)
* beō

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Megleno-Romanian: bun
** Aromanian: bun, bunu
** Istro-Romanian: bur
** Romanian: bun
* Dalmatian:
** bun
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: bonu
** Italian: buono, bono
** Neapolitan: buono
** Sicilian: bonu
* Padanian:
** Friulian: bon
** Ligurian: bon
** Lombard: bon
** Piedmontese: bon
** Romansch: bun
** Venetan: bon, bõ
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: bo
** Franco-Provençal: bon
** Old French: bon, boen, boun, buen, bun
*** Middle French: bon
**** French: bon
*** Picard: boin
*** Walloon: bon
*** → Middle English: boon, bone
**** English: boon
**** Scots: boon
** Old Occitan: bon
*** Occitan: bon
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: bonu
** Mirandese: buono
** Mozarabic: בונה (bwnh)
** Old Galician-Portuguese: bõo, boo, bon
*** Fala: bo
*** Galician: bo
*** Portuguese: bom
** Spanish: buen, bueno, (obsolete) bono
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: bonu
* Borrowings:
** → English: bonus (see there for further descendants)
** → Italian: bonus
** → Spanish: bono, bonus

### Noun

bonus m (genitive bonī); second declension
* A good, moral, honest or brave man
* A gentleman

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

### References

* 1 2 3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bonus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 70, 73-74

### Further reading

* “bonus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “bonus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "bonus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* bonus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to be robust, vigorous: bonis esse viribus who gets the advantage from this? who is the interested party: cui bono? moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur to have good lungs: bonis lateribus esse to be brave, courageous: bono animo esse (ambiguous) to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse to be very rich: opibus, divitiis, bonis, facultatibus abundare to drive a person out of house and home: evertere aliquem bonis, fortunis patriis disinherited: exheres paternorum bonorum (De Or. 1. 38. 175) the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt justly and equitably: ex aequo et bono (Caecin. 23. 65) (ambiguous) to meet with good weather: tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci (ambiguous) to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...) (ambiguous) to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for: bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo (ambiguous) to be gifted, talented (not praeditum esse by itself): bona indole (always in sing.) praeditum esse (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt (ambiguous) to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid (ambiguous) to be brave, courageous: bonum animum habere (ambiguous) to consider virtue the highest good: summum bonum in virtute ponere (ambiguous) natural advantages: naturae bona (ambiguous) to recover one's reason, be reasonable again: ad bonam frugem se recipere (ambiguous) may heaven's blessing rest on it: quod bonum, faustum, felix, fortunatumque sit! (Div. 1. 45. 102) (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem (ambiguous) to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse (ambiguous) to squander all one's property: lacerare bona sua (Verr. 3. 70. 164) (ambiguous) to confiscate a person's property: bona alicuius publicare (B. G. 5. 54) (ambiguous) to restore to a person his confiscated property: bona alicui restituere (ambiguous) allow me to say: bona (cum) venia tua dixerim

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bonus or Latin bonus.

### Noun

bonus m (definite singular bonusen, indefinite plural bonuser, definite plural bonusene)
* a bonus

### References

* “bonus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bonus or Latin bonus.

### Noun

bonus m (definite singular bonusen, indefinite plural bonusar, definite plural bonusane)
* a bonus

### References

* “bonus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bonus, itself from Latin bonus. Doublet of bun (inherited from Latin), bon, and bonă (both borrowed from French).

### Noun

bonus n (plural bonusuri)
* bonus

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bonus, from Latin bonus. Compare the doublet bueno (“good”), inherited from the same Latin word.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbonus/ [ˈbo.nus]
* Rhymes: -onus
* Syllabification: bo‧nus

### Noun

bonus m (plural bonus)
* bonus

### Further reading

* “bonus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10