# tabaka
## Latvian
### Etymology

Via other European languages, ultimately borrowed from Spanish tabaco, itself borrowed from a Taíno (Arawakan) word meaning either “roll of tobacco leaves” or “pipe for smoking tobacco,” but apparently also merged with a pre-existing borrowing from Arabic طَبَاق (ṭabāq, “a type of medicinal herb”), found in the early 15th century as the name of various herbs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tabaka]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

tabaka f (4th declension)
* tobacco (several plants of the genus Nicotiana, especially Nicotiana tabacum and related species, with leaves used for smoking or chewing)
    tabakas audzēšana ― tobacco cultivation
    tabakas šķirne ― tobacco variety
    tabakas lapas satur nikotīnu, kas ir stipra sirds inde un pamazām atstāj graujošu ietekmi uz cilvēka asinsvadu sistēmu un nerviem ― tobacco leaves contain nicotine, which is a strong heart poison and has gradual destructive influence on a person's circulatory and nervous systems
* tobacco (the leaves of such a plant, especially when dried and/or pulverized for smoking or chewing)
    tabakas fabrika ― tobacco factory
    tabakas izstrādājumi ― tobacco products
    smēķēt tabaku ― to smoke tobacco
    tabakas maks, tabakmaks ― tobacco pouch
    košļāt, zelēt tabaku ― to chew tobacco
    bāzt tabaku pīpē ― to stick tobacco into a pipe
    piebāzt pīpi ar tabaku ― to stuff a pipe with tobacco
    šņaucamā tabaka ― snuff (lit. sniffable tobacco)
    istaba tabakas dūmu tik pilna, ka mušas meklēja glābiņu pie sijām ― the room was so full of tobacco smoke that the flies looked for shelter at the beams

#### Derived terms

* tabakmaks, tabakas maks

#### See also

* cigārs, cigarete
* pīpe
* smēķēt
* šķiltavas

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* tobaka (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish tabaco.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taˈba.ka/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: ta‧ba‧ka

### Noun

tabaka f (diminutive tabaczka)
* snuff (a form of tobacco for sniffing)

#### Derived terms

* tabaczny
* tabakowy
* tabaczarz
* tabacznik

#### Related terms

* tabaczkowy
* tabakiera
* tabakiereczka
* tabakierka

### Further reading

* tabaka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* tabaka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Tabak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taˈba.ka/
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: ta‧ba‧ka

### Noun

tabaka f
* tobacco (several plants of the genus Nicotiana, especially Nicotiana tabacum and related species, with leaves used for smoking or chewing)
* tobacco (the leaves of such a plant, especially when dried and/or pulverized for smoking or chewing)
* (rare) snuff (a form of tobacco for sniffing)
    Synonym: (more common) sznuptabaka

### Further reading

* tabaka in silling.org

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

From English tobacco and/or Dutch tabak, both from Spanish tabaco.

### Noun

tabaka
* tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum
** 1783, C. L. Schumann, Neger-Englisches Worterbuch [Negro English Dictionary]‎, archived from the original on 8 February 2023:tabakka hati nussuTobacco hurts the nose.
** 1936, Melville J. Herskovits, Frances S. Herskovits, Suriname folk-lore‎, New York: Columbia University Press, page 240:Kaptein sidǫ' tiri, dɛn a nyąm ala na nyąm baka. Na baka dɑti, a puri bɩgi pipa nąŋga Amer'ką tabaka, ɛn a bɩgɩn smoko te a i drųŋgu.The captain sat down quietly, and again ate all the food. After that, he powdered a large pipe with American tobacco, and he began to smoke until he was drunk.
** 1975, Edgar Cairo, “Wan pisi fu libi”, in Ursy M. Lichtveld, Jan Voorhoeve, editors, Creole drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Surinam‎, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 254:Wan takru sortu kosokoso di no abi kaba a ben gwenti e kisi. Ala yuru wan pikin pisi tabaka ben e anga na en mofobuba. Mi ben e kari dati en ‘tabakaworon.’ Te a ben tan, dan a ben ari wan dampu fu na ‘lespeki tabaka.’ Nanga kosokoso a smoko e ari en srefi komopo na ini en gorogoro.He used to get a nasty cough that had no end. There was always a piece of tobacco dangling from his lips. I used to call it his ‘tobacco worm.’ He was always puffing at his very strong tobacco. Coughingly, the smoke belched from his throat.
** 1994, Albert Helman, Adyosi / Afscheid‎, Nijmegen: Stichting Instituut ter Bevordering van de Surinamistiek, page 64:Blakaman e smoko blakatitei / bika na a moro bunkopu tabakaBlack men smoke black shag / because it is the cheapest tobacco

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic طَبَقَة (ṭabaqa).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

tabaka class V or IX (plural matabaka class VI or tabaka class X)
* layer, stratum
* class, social class

#### Derived terms

* tabaka tawala (“ruling class”)

### References

* ↑ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 189 Nr. 1683

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish تبقه (tabaka, “layer; sheet of paper”), from Arabic طَبَقَة (ṭabaqa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta.baˈka/
* Hyphenation: ta‧ba‧ka

#### Noun

tabaka (definite accusative tabakayı, plural tabakalar)
* layer

##### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
tabaka
tabakalar
definite accusative
tabakayı
tabakaları
dative
tabakaya
tabakalara
locative
tabakada
tabakalarda
ablative
tabakadan
tabakalardan
genitive
tabakanın
tabakaların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakam
tabakalarım
2nd singular
tabakan
tabakaların
3rd singular
tabakası
tabakaları
1st plural
tabakamız
tabakalarımız
2nd plural
tabakanız
tabakalarınız
3rd plural
tabakaları
tabakaları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakamı
tabakalarımı
2nd singular
tabakanı
tabakalarını
3rd singular
tabakasını
tabakalarını
1st plural
tabakamızı
tabakalarımızı
2nd plural
tabakanızı
tabakalarınızı
3rd plural
tabakalarını
tabakalarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakama
tabakalarıma
2nd singular
tabakana
tabakalarına
3rd singular
tabakasına
tabakalarına
1st plural
tabakamıza
tabakalarımıza
2nd plural
tabakanıza
tabakalarınıza
3rd plural
tabakalarına
tabakalarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakamda
tabakalarımda
2nd singular
tabakanda
tabakalarında
3rd singular
tabakasında
tabakalarında
1st plural
tabakamızda
tabakalarımızda
2nd plural
tabakanızda
tabakalarınızda
3rd plural
tabakalarında
tabakalarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakamdan
tabakalarımdan
2nd singular
tabakandan
tabakalarından
3rd singular
tabakasından
tabakalarından
1st plural
tabakamızdan
tabakalarımızdan
2nd plural
tabakanızdan
tabakalarınızdan
3rd plural
tabakalarından
tabakalarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakamın
tabakalarımın
2nd singular
tabakanın
tabakalarının
3rd singular
tabakasının
tabakalarının
1st plural
tabakamızın
tabakalarımızın
2nd plural
tabakanızın
tabakalarınızın
3rd plural
tabakalarının
tabakalarının :

### Etymology 2

From Italian tabacco.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taˈba.ka/
* Hyphenation: ta‧ba‧ka

#### Noun

tabaka (definite accusative tabakayı, plural tabakalar)
* cigarette case

##### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
tabaka
tabakalar
definite accusative
tabakayı
tabakaları
dative
tabakaya
tabakalara
locative
tabakada
tabakalarda
ablative
tabakadan
tabakalardan
genitive
tabakanın
tabakaların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakam
tabakalarım
2nd singular
tabakan
tabakaların
3rd singular
tabakası
tabakaları
1st plural
tabakamız
tabakalarımız
2nd plural
tabakanız
tabakalarınız
3rd plural
tabakaları
tabakaları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakamı
tabakalarımı
2nd singular
tabakanı
tabakalarını
3rd singular
tabakasını
tabakalarını
1st plural
tabakamızı
tabakalarımızı
2nd plural
tabakanızı
tabakalarınızı
3rd plural
tabakalarını
tabakalarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakama
tabakalarıma
2nd singular
tabakana
tabakalarına
3rd singular
tabakasına
tabakalarına
1st plural
tabakamıza
tabakalarımıza
2nd plural
tabakanıza
tabakalarınıza
3rd plural
tabakalarına
tabakalarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakamda
tabakalarımda
2nd singular
tabakanda
tabakalarında
3rd singular
tabakasında
tabakalarında
1st plural
tabakamızda
tabakalarımızda
2nd plural
tabakanızda
tabakalarınızda
3rd plural
tabakalarında
tabakalarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakamdan
tabakalarımdan
2nd singular
tabakandan
tabakalarından
3rd singular
tabakasından
tabakalarından
1st plural
tabakamızdan
tabakalarımızdan
2nd plural
tabakanızdan
tabakalarınızdan
3rd plural
tabakalarından
tabakalarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
tabakamın
tabakalarımın
2nd singular
tabakanın
tabakalarının
3rd singular
tabakasının
tabakalarının
1st plural
tabakamızın
tabakalarımızın
2nd plural
tabakanızın
tabakalarınızın
3rd plural
tabakalarının
tabakalarının :

##### Derived terms

* sigara tabakası

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tabaka”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* “tabaka”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu