# sima
## English
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -aɪmə

### Etymology 1

From the Ancient Greek σιμός (simós, “bent upwards”).

#### Noun

sima (plural simas)
* (architecture) The upturned edge of a roof which acts as a gutter; a cyma.

### Etymology 2

Coined by Eduard Suess in 1909, in Das Antlitz der Erde, as a blend of silicon +‎ magnesium.

#### Noun

sima (uncountable)
* (geology) The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium.

##### Coordinate terms

* sial
* nife

##### Derived terms

* simatic
* ensimatic

##### Translations
#### See also

* Si
* KREEP

### References

* ↑ Eduard Suess (1909) “Vierter Theil, Vierundzwanzigster Abschnitt: Die Tiefen”, in Das Antlitz der Erde (in German), volume 3.2, Wien: F. Tempsky, →OCLC, page 626:Wir nehmen ferner drei Zonen oder Hüllen als maassgebend für die Beschaffenheit der Erde an, u. zw. die Barysphäre oder das Nife (Ni-Fe), ferner Sima (Si-Mg) und Sial (Si-Al). Diese Theilung unterscheidet sich von der Classification, die von hervorragenden americanischen Petrographen vorgeschlagen wurde, durch die Abtrennung der metallischen Barysphäre (Nife).We further assume the existence of three zones or envelopes as determining the structure of the earth, namely, the barysphere or the Nife (Ni-Fe), Sima (Si-Mg), and Sial (Si-Al). This division differs from the classification which has been proposed by distinguished American petrographers, in the separation of the metallic barysphere (Nife).

### Anagrams

* AMIs, Amis, ISAM, Isam, M'sia, MIAs, Masi, Mias, Sami, Siam, Sámi, aims, saim, siam

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Persian سیما.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [siˈmɑ]
* Hyphenation: si‧ma

### Noun

sima (definite accusative simanı, plural simalar)
* face
    Synonyms: üz, sifət, bəniz
* personality (a known person)
    Synonyms: şəxsiyyət, şəxs

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sima” in Obastan.com.

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: si‧ma

### Noun

sima
* a barb; a fluke

#### Derived terms

* sima-sima

## Ese
### Noun

sima
* needle (usually made from flying fox bone)

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sima, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *saimaz (compare German Seim (“syrup”), Old Norse seimr (“honeycomb”)). The original meaning was “mead”, but the common meaning now refers to a different beverage, albeit one that is ultimately developed from mead.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsimɑ/, [ˈs̠imɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -imɑ
* Hyphenation: si‧ma

### Noun

sima
* a nonalcoholic or low-alcohol drink made from lemon, various sugars and water, common around vappu (“May Day”)
* (dated) mead

#### Declension

Possessive forms of sima (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
simani
simani
accusative
nom.
simani
simani
gen.
simani
genitive
simani
simojeni simaini $^{rare}$
partitive
simaani
simojani
inessive
simassani
simoissani
elative
simastani
simoistani
illative
simaani
simoihini
adessive
simallani
simoillani
ablative
simaltani
simoiltani
allative
simalleni
simoilleni
essive
simanani
simoinani
translative
simakseni
simoikseni
abessive
simattani
simoittani
instructive
comitative
—simoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
simasi
simasi
accusative
nom.
simasi
simasi
gen.
simasi
genitive
simasi
simojesi simaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
simaasi
simojasi
inessive
simassasi
simoissasi
elative
simastasi
simoistasi
illative
simaasi
simoihisi
adessive
simallasi
simoillasi
ablative
simaltasi
simoiltasi
allative
simallesi
simoillesi
essive
simanasi
simoinasi
translative
simaksesi
simoiksesi
abessive
simattasi
simoittasi
instructive
comitative
—simoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
simamme
simamme
accusative
nom.
simamme
simamme
gen.
simamme
genitive
simamme
simojemme simaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
simaamme
simojamme
inessive
simassamme
simoissamme
elative
simastamme
simoistamme
illative
simaamme
simoihimme
adessive
simallamme
simoillamme
ablative
simaltamme
simoiltamme
allative
simallemme
simoillemme
essive
simanamme
simoinamme
translative
simaksemme
simoiksemme
abessive
simattamme
simoittamme
instructive
comitative
—simoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
simanne
simanne
accusative
nom.
simanne
simanne
gen.
simanne
genitive
simanne
simojenne simainne $^{rare}$
partitive
simaanne
simojanne
inessive
simassanne
simoissanne
elative
simastanne
simoistanne
illative
simaanne
simoihinne
adessive
simallanne
simoillanne
ablative
simaltanne
simoiltanne
allative
simallenne
simoillenne
essive
simananne
simoinanne
translative
simaksenne
simoiksenne
abessive
simattanne
simoittanne
instructive
comitative
—simoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
simansa
simansa
accusative
nom.
simansa
simansa
gen.
simansa
genitive
simansa
simojensa simainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
simaansa
simojaan simojansa
inessive
simassaan simassansa
simoissaan simoissansa
elative
simastaan simastansa
simoistaan simoistansa
illative
simaansa
simoihinsa
adessive
simallaan simallansa
simoillaan simoillansa
ablative
simaltaan simaltansa
simoiltaan simoiltansa
allative
simalleen simallensa
simoilleen simoillensa
essive
simanaan simanansa
simoinaan simoinansa
translative
simakseen simaksensa
simoikseen simoiksensa
abessive
simattaan simattansa
simoittaan simoittansa
instructive
comitative
—simoineen simoinensa :

#### Synonyms

* (mead): hunajaviini

#### Derived terms

* simake
* juhannussima
* kotisima
* simanuppiseitikki
* simapanimo
* simapullo
* vappusima

### Further reading

* “sima”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* Sami, Siam, amis, masi, siam

## French
### Noun

sima m (plural simas)
* (geology) sima

### Further reading

* “sima”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Garo
### Noun

sima
* rotten food

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Uncertain. Either derived from regional simik (“to slide”), or from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃimɒ]
* Hyphenation: si‧ma
* Rhymes: -mɒ

### Adjective

sima (comparative simább, superlative legsimább)
* smooth, sleek (having a texture that lacks friction)
    Antonym: érdes
** 1984–1985, Tivadar Vida, “Újabb adatok az avarkori...”, in A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve‎, number 2:A fekete kerámiák felülete sima, kissé nyers tapintású.The surface of black ceramics is smooth, somewhat raw to the touch.
* flat, even, smooth (of land, road or ground, lacking elevations or protuberances)
    Antonyms: hepehupás, göröngyös
** 2006, “Űrszonda az ltokawa kisbolygónál”, in Meteor‎, volume 36, number 9:A sziklákkal borított terület és a sima síkság átmenete.It is a transition between a terrain covered with rocks and a flat plain.
* smooth (of a body of water, without ripples or waves)
** 1859, Arnold Vértesi, “Sanpietro”, in Történeti beszélyek, volume II:Csendes volt a tenger, egy sima víztükör, melyen az ég képe ragyogott.The sea was calm, a smooth water surface on which the sky's reflection was shining.
* smooth (pleasant to the senses, especially of sounds or tastes)
** 1994, “Király Ernő”, in György Székely, Margit Török, editors, Magyar színházművészeti lexikon:Eredeti játékstílusa, sima, kellemesen csengő hangja újdonságként hatott.His original acting style and his smooth, pleasant voice came as a novelty.
* plain (not having any pattern, print or decoration)
** 2013, Mats Strandberg, Sara Bergmark Elfgren, chapter 77, in Vanda Péteri, transl., Engelsfors, volume II:Arcán semmi festék, és egy sima fekete ruhát visel.There's no paint on her face, and she's wearing a plain black dress.
* blank (of paper, without any printed grid or lines)
    Coordinate terms: négyzethálós, kockás, vonalas
** 2011, Kata Finta, Életem regénye‎, volume II:Nagy, sima füzetben térképeket kellett rajzolnunk.We had to draw maps in a big blank notebook.
* plain, regular, ordinary (out of several varieties, the basic one without anything extra)
** 2013, Éva Fejős, “Anisette”, in Most kezdődik:Hát... töltetlent. Vagy töltöttet. Mandulást. Vagy mogyoróst. Vagy simát.Well... without filling. Or with filling. With almonds. Or nuts. Or plain.
* continuous, smooth, unbroken (of a motion, without interruption)
** 1908, Géza Csáth, “Jolán”, in A varázsló kertje‎:A mozdulatai éppen olyan simák és puhák, mint azelőtt.Her movements are just as smooth and soft as before.
* (figurative) smooth, simple, easy (without difficulty, problems or unexpected incidents)
** 2009, András Jenei, chapter VII, in Nyeregben a Konstantin-kereszt‎:De, sima ügynek indult, de aztán reanimálás lett a vége.Yes, it had started out as a simple case, but then it ended in CPR.
* (knitting) knit (of a stitch, passing through the previous loop from below, creating a V-shape)
    Antonym: fordított
** 1982, József Méliusz, Tranzit kávéház:Egy sima, egy fordított, egy sima, egy fordított.Knit one, purl one, knit one, purl one.

#### Derived terms

* simán
* simít
* simogat
* simul
* simaizom
* tükörsima
* sima víz

### References

* ↑ sima in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ Bárczi, Géza. Magyar szófejtő szótár (’Hungarian Etymological Dictionary’). Trezor Kiadó, 1991. →ISBN

### Further reading

* sima in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Iban
### Pronunciation

IPA: /simaʔ/

### Noun

sima
* navel (of a snake)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsi.ma/
* Rhymes: -ma, -a
* Hyphenation: si‧ma

### Etymology 1

Blend of silika +‎ magnesia, borrowed from English sima (“lower layer of Earth's outer crust”).

#### Noun

sima (plural sima-sima)
* (geology) sima: The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium

##### Alternative forms

* silika magnesia

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sīma, from Sanskrit सीमा (sīmā, “limit, bounds, frontier”).

#### Noun

sima (plural sima-sima)
* (archaeology) territory that is made or has a holy place and is exempt from taxes
    Synonym: perdikan

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Nias [Term?].

#### Verb

sima
* to give food to toddlers by chewing them first

### Further reading

* “sima” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Jamamadí
### Noun

sima
* (Banawá) sister

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Latin
### Adjective

sīma
* inflection of sīmus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Adjective

sīmā
* ablative feminine singular of sīmus

### References

* “sima”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "sima", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* “sima”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
* “sima”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

## Malay
### Etymology

Either from English sima or a blend of silikon (“silicon”) +‎ magnesium.

### Noun

sima
* (geology) sima

### Further reading

* “sima” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sīmô (“rope, cord”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁i- (“to tie, bind”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsiː.mɑ/

### Noun

sīma m
* cord, rope

#### Declension

Weak:

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “sīma”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsima/ [ˈsi.ma]
* Rhymes: -ima
* Syllabification: si‧ma
* Homophone: (Latin America) cima

### Noun

sima f (plural simas)
* abyss, chasm
    Synonyms: abismo, precipicio
** 2021 August 26, Eva Saiz, “Los desenterradores de la memoria en la fosa de Pico Reja”, in El País‎:Pasan casi tan desapercibidas como lo estuvo durante ocho décadas esta sima en la que se arrojaron centenares de cadáveres de represaliados durante el verano de 1936 y la posguerra franquista.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Further reading

* “sima”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

sima class IX (plural sima class X)
* (dialectal) Synonym of ugali

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *símaq (“barb of a hook”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ˈsimaʔ/ [ˈsiː.mɐʔ] (“quill; feather; barb”, noun)
*** Rhymes: -imaʔ
** IPA: /siˈmaʔ/ [sɪˈmaʔ] (“dip net; cover pot”, noun)
*** Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: si‧ma

### Noun

simà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ)
* quill or feather at the end of an arrow shaft
* barb (point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* ipagsima
* magsima
* pagsimain
* pasimaan

#### See also

* tinik

### Noun

simâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ) (fishing)
* small, triangularly framed dip net (used for catching shrimp and fish from a fish shelter)
* cover pot for catching fish (similar to a salakab)
* catching of shrimp and fish with such a tool

#### Derived terms

* simaan
* simain

### Further reading

* “sima”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* mais, amis, Siam, asim, misa

## Tumbuka
### Noun

sima class 9 (plural sima class 10)
* nshima (porridge made from maize or sorghum)

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *siima.

### Noun

sima
* fishing line

#### Inflection
### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “леска”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

## Yámana
### Noun

sima
* water