# 夌

| 夌 | U+590C, &#22796; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-590C |
| ← 夋 [U+590B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 复 → [U+590D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

夌 (Kangxi radical 35, 夊+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土金竹水 (GCHE), four-corner 4040$_7$, composition ⿳土八夂(G) or ⿱圥夂(HJ) or ⿱圥夊(TK))

#### Derived characters

* 倰, 凌, 㖫, 堎, 婈, 崚, 㥄, 掕, 淩, 陵, 棱, 㱥, 祾, 睖, 碐, 稜, 裬, 綾(绫), 䗀, 踜, 輘(𰺊), 錂(𨱋), 䮚, 鯪(鲮)
* 䬋, 菱, 䈊, 庱
* 𢔁, 𣇾, 𣥻, 𤊥, 𤦫, 𦝄, 𱜞, 𤲪, 𠦻, 𡕮, 𪤶, 𥺙, 𮌜, 𧤁, 𨉞, 𱀘, 𪷥, 𩜁, 𦡟, 𩩡, 𪘵(𲎩)
* 𧼔, 𠡭, 𣣋, 𫆢, 𪤽, 𧤂, 𱃃, 𲎣, 𭚢, 𭯛, 𭐨, 𡏜, 𭐭, 𡹃, 𪩮, 𧀧, 𢩑, 𤷖, 𩟒

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 245, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5714
* Dae Jaweon: page 485, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 869, character 1
* Unihan data for U+590C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 夌 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 棱 | *rɯːŋ |
| 稜 | *rɯːŋ |
| 輘 | *rɯːŋ |
| 倰 | *rɯːŋ |
| 祾 | *rɯːŋ, *rɯŋ |
| 踜 | *rɯːŋs |
| 凌 | *rɯŋ |
| 菱 | *rɯŋ |
| 陵 | *rɯŋ |
| 綾 | *rɯŋ |
| 鯪 | *rɯŋ |
| 淩 | *rɯŋ |
| 夌 | *rɯŋ |
| 蔆 | *rɯŋ |
| 崚 | *rɯŋ |
| 掕 | *rɯŋ |
| 𩜁 | *rɯŋs |
| 庱 | *r̥ʰɯŋ, *r̥ʰɯŋʔ |
| 睖 | *r̥ʰɯŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 木 (“tree”) + semantic 人 (“a person”). On bronze inscription, a foot 夂 was added at the bottom of the character. Later, the two components on top were highly compressed and stylized into 圥 (with a variant 𡴆). Its original meaning was perhaps "to climb; to surpass".

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): líng (ling$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ling$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: líng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: líng
*** Wade–Giles: ling$^2$
*** Yale: líng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
*** Palladius: лин (lin)
*** Sinological IPA : /liŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ling$^4$
*** Yale: lìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ling$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ling$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɪŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: ling
Rime :
| Character | 夌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力膺切 |
| Baxter | ling |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /liəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭəŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | líng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ling$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]əŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 夌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | líng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ling › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]əŋ/ |
| English | mound, hill |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 夌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8250 |
| Phonetic component | 夌 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陵 |
| Old Chinese | /*rɯŋ/ |
| Notes | 後作陵凌 |

### Definitions

夌
* to dawdle
* the name of the father of Emperor Yao
* Original form of 凌 (líng, “to surmount”).
* Original form of 陵 (líng, “mound; to encroach; to bully”).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: りょう (ryō)
* Kan-on: りょう (ryō)
* Kun: しのぐ (shinogu, 夌ぐ)、すたれる (sutareru, 夌れる)

## Korean
### Hanja

夌 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.