# a

| a | U+0061, &#97; LATIN SMALL LETTER A |
| ← ` [U+0060] | Basic Latin | b → [U+0062] |
| ᵃ | U+1D43, &#7491; MODIFIER LETTER SMALL A |
| ← ᵂ [U+1D42] | Phonetic Extensions | ᵄ → [U+1D44] |
| ａ | U+FF41, &#65345; FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER A |
| ← ｀ [U+FF40] | Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms | ｂ → [U+FF42] |
* Some typefaces have a single-story form of a. This has a dedicated Unicode character ⟨ɑ⟩ for IPA use.

## Translingual
### Etymology 1

Modification of capital A.

#### Pronunciation

* Pronunciation of IPA [aː]:(file)

#### Letter

a (upper case A)
* The first letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
    (superscript) See ª.

#### Symbol

a
* (IPA, phonetics) an open front or central unrounded vowel.
* (IPA, superscript ⟨ᵃ⟩) [a]-coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [a].
* (international standards) transliterates Indic अ (or equivalent).

#### See also

* (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
* (Variations of letter A): Áá Àà Ââ Ǎǎ Ăă Ãã Ảả Ȧȧ Ạạ Ää Åå Ḁḁ Āā Ąą ᶏ Ⱥⱥ Ȁȁ Ấấ Ầầ Ẫẫ Ẩẩ Ậậ Ắắ Ằằ Ẵẵ Ẳẳ Ặặ Ǻǻ Ǡǡ Ǟǟ Ȁȁ Ȃȃ Ɑɑ ᴀ Ɐɐ ɒ Ａａ Ææ Ǽǽ Ǣǣ Ꜳꜳ Ꜵꜵ Ꜷꜷ Ꜹꜹ Ꜻꜻ
* For more variations, see Appendix:Variations of "a".

#### Further reading

* a on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* open front unrounded vowel on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 2

Abbreviation of atto-, from Danish atten (“eighteen”).

#### Symbol

a
* atto-, prefix for 10$^{−18}$ in the International System of Units.

### Etymology 3

From Latin annum or annus.

#### Symbol

a
* Year as a unit of time, specifically a Julian year or 365.25 days.

### Etymology 4

Abbreviation of are, from French are.

#### Symbol

a
* An are, a unit of area one hundredth of a hectare; ares.

### Etymology 5

Abbreviation of English acceleration.

#### Symbol

a
* (physics) acceleration

### Etymology 6

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from annuity?”)

#### Symbol

a
* (actuarial notation) Annuity; (specifically) annuity-immediate.
    a$_{x:n̅|}$ ― n-year annuity-immediate to a person currently age x
    a$_x$ ― life annuity-immediate to a person currently age x
Other representations of A:
| NATO phonetic: Alpha Morse code: ·– Braille: ⠁ ASL Manual: A | Signal flag: | Semaphore: |

### Gallery

* Letter styles
* Uppercase and lowercase versions of A, in normal and italic type
* Uppercase and lowercase A in Fraktur
* Approximate form of Greek uppercase Α (a, “alpha”), the source of both common variants of a A in uncial script

## English
### Etymology 1

The letter name is from Middle English ā, from Old French, ultimately from Latin ā. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced the futhorc letter ᚪ (a) beginning in the 7th century, and partially also ᚫ (æ).

#### Pronunciation

* (letter name)
** (UK, US) IPA: /ˈeɪ/
** Audio (US):(file)
** (General Australian) IPA: /ˈæɪ/
** (Canada) IPA: [ˈeː]
** Rhymes: -eɪ
    The current pronunciation resulted from the Great Vowel Shift. Before the early part of the 17th century, the pronunciation was similar to that in other languages.
* (phoneme) IPA: /æ/, /ɑː/, /eɪ/, /ə/, etc.

#### Letter

a (lowercase, uppercase A, plural as or a's)
* The first letter of the English alphabet, written in the Latin script.
** 1917, John Wesley Young, Frank Millett Morgan, Elementary Mathematical Analysis, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, page 487:This expression is zero, for we have replaced the column of a's by the column of b's and hence the determinant has two columns identical.
** 1926, George Kelly, Craig's Wife, Act I, page 5:Passmore. Capital P-a-double s-m-o-r-e.
** 1974, Ervin A. Dennis, John D. Jenkins, “A Font of Type”, in Comprehensive Graphic Arts, Indianapolis, I.N.: Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc., →ISBN, page 26, column 2:Note that with 18-point type, fifteen capital A's, twenty-five lowercase a's, and twelve 1's are obtained with one font. With this information, it is possible to refer to Table 10-1 which gives the number of characters for each letter, punctuation mark, or figure.
** 2013, Margaret McPhee, Mistress to the Marquis, Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin Historical, →ISBN, page 249:Across every sheet of paper were lines and lines of letters of the alphabet. A row of a's followed by a row of b's and so on, pages of them, like pages from a copy book, crudely formed as if from the hand of a young child.
** 2014 February 23, Rivka Galchen, “What’s Become of the So-Called Literary Bad Boy?”, in The New York Times‎, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-02-19:In the seventh grade I admired a charismatic, witty girl who had a particular way of writing her lowercase a's. After some practice, I took to writing my lowercase a's in the same fashion.

##### Usage notes

* In English, the letter a usually denotes the near-open front unrounded vowel (IPA: /æ/), as in pad, the open back unrounded vowel (IPA: /ɑː/) as in father, the mid-central vowel (IPA: /ə/) when unstressed as in about, or, when followed by another vowel, the diphthong IPA: /eɪ/, as in ace.
* A is the third most common letter in English.

##### Derived terms

* Digraph sequences: ae, ah, ai, au, aw, ay, ea, eau, ia, oa, ua

##### See also

* (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

#### Numeral

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The ordinal number first, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

#### Noun

a (plural a's or (rare) aes)
* The name of the Latin script letter A / a.
** 1816, William Young Ottley, An Inquiry Into the Origin and Early History of Engraving […], volume II, London: […] John and Arthur Arch, […] by J. M'Creery, page 621:This piece somewhat resembles an a. On the left is a man seated on the ground, with a dog between his legs, and a large bird of prey in his hands, which appears to be biting his head.
** 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Epic”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 2:But with some prelude of disparagement, / Read, mouthing out his hollow oes and aes, / Deep-chested music, and to this result.
** [1906, Leigh H[adley] Irvine, “Abbreviations in General”, in The Magazine Style Code: A Manual For The Guidance Of Authors, Reporters And All Who Write, San Francisco, C.A.: Crown Publishing Company, pages 15–16:Letters should be spelled as follows; aes, bees, cees, dees, ees, efs, gees, aitches, ies, jays, kays, els, ems, ens, oes, pees, ques, ars, esses, tees, ues, vees, ws or dubleyuz, exes, wyes, zees.]
** 1993, Frank Pagden, “Teaching”, in The Gospel According to St. Lynas, Tunbridge Wells: Mitre, →ISBN, unnumbered page:St Lynas was chatting with a group of rebellious young college students one day, who decried the moral standards of the past. ¶ So St Lynas drew an 'a' on some paper, and asked them what it was. ¶ 'A' they said.
** 2023, Amanda Stevens, Secret of Shutter Lake, Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin Intrigue, →ISBN, page 237:Compare Lydia's signature on some of the work orders with the warning notes. The loop through the lowercase a is similar. See what I mean?

##### Alternative forms

* ay

##### Derived terms

* A-okay

##### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee/zed

### Etymology 2

From Middle English a, an, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”). More at one. The "n" was gradually lost before consonants in almost all dialects by the 15th century. Cognate with Alemannic German a (“a, an”), East Franconian a (“a, an”).

#### Pronunciation

* (stressed) IPA: /ˈeɪ/
* (unstressed) IPA: /ə/
* Audio (US, stressed form):(file)
* Audio (US, unstressed form):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪ
* Homophone: her (non-rhotic, unstressed form)

#### Article

a
* An unspecified example of (something); the indefinite article. [from before 1150]
    There was a man here looking for you yesterday.
** 1835, [Washington Irving], chapter XX, in A Tour on the Prairies (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 1), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 151:He had another formidable difficulty in getting him across the river, where both horses stuck for a time in the mire, and Beatte was nearly unseated from his saddle by the force of the current and the struggles of his captive.
** 1859 December 13, Charles Dickens, “The Mortals in the House”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C[harles] Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 6, column 1:The young man thanked me, and took his leave with some little precipitation, after declining a glass of liquor.
** 1868 January 4 – June 6, [William] Wilkie Collins, “(please specify the page) [Fourth Narrative. Extracted from the Journal of Ezra Jennings.]”, in The Moonstone. A Romance. […], volume III, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], published 1868, →OCLC, page 185:Speaking as a servant, I am deeply indebted to you. Speaking as a man, I consider you to be a person whose head is full of maggots, and I take up my testimony against your experiment as a delusion and a snare.
** 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, “Preface”, in The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get […]
** 2005, Emily Kingsley (lyricist), Kevin Clash (voice actor), “A Cookie is a Sometime Food”, Sesame Street, season 36, Sesame Workshop:
    Hoots the Owl: Yes a, fruit, is a, any, time, food!
** 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
    Anna, do you have a pen? — Yes. I have a pen in my bag. I have a (stressed) …
       Audio (US):(file)
** 2023 March 9, Moya Lothian-Mclean, “A nose ring, a bicycle, a Radiohead album: I'm becoming a total cliche – and I quite like it”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-11:In retrospect, I realise, I had been unconsciously devoting a large amount of energy to negative choice, a concept I'm borrowing and adapting from sociologist Eva Illouz's 2019 treatise, The End of Love (by way of a viral Paris Review essay).
** 2024 May 21, Sarah Larson, “When the C.I.A. Turned Writers Into Operatives”, in The New Yorker‎, New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-21:The C.I.A. infiltrated not just magazines, radio, and movies but youth organizations and movements like Abstract Expressionism; all were meant to inspire a reverence for democracy and freedom, a project that, in Walker's telling, often tips into absurdity.
* One; used before score, dozen, hundred, thousand, million, etc.
    I've seen it happen a hundred times.
** 1945, Peter Cheyney, Sinister Errand, London: Collins, published 1952, page 8:Everybody drinks a lot in wartime, but it seemed to me that I must have drunk enough to float a couple of battleships.
** 1999, Sara Hylton, Separate Lives, London: Piatkus, →ISBN, page 93:You've seen it a dozen times already.
** 2024 February 27, “The economics of skiing in America”, in The Economist‎, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 8 May 2024:By the time he gets onto a chair, the pristine powder snow below the lift has already been chopped up by a hundred tracks, and the line to get back up stretches the length of a football field.
* Used in some phrases denoting quantity, such as a few, a good many, a couple, a little, a bit, etc.
    He's a bit thick, isn't he?
    They asked me a few questions.
** 1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, “My Lord and Lady”, in Little Women: […], part second, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, →OCLC, page 315:But I was going to say, that while I was dawdling about abroad, I saw a good many talented young fellows making all sorts of sacrifices, and enduring real hardships, that they might realize their dreams. Splendid fellows, some of them, working like heroes, poor and friendless, but so full of courage, patience and ambition, that I was ashamed of myself, and longed to give them a right good lift.
** 1989, Robert T. Michael, Heidi I[rmgard] Hartmann, Brigid O'Farrell, editors, Pay Equity: Empirical Inquiries, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, →ISBN, page 3, column 2:The main influence here is job tenure—the men had been at their specific jobs a good while longer than the women.
** 2024 February 13, René M. van Westen, Henk A. Dijkstra, Michael Kliphuis, “If the Atlantic Ocean Loses Circulation, What Happens Next?”, in Scientific American‎, New York, N.Y.: Springer Nature America, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 February 2024:Twenty years after the movie's release, we know a lot more about the Atlantic Ocean's circulation. Instruments deployed in the ocean starting in 2004 show that the Atlantic Ocean circulation has observably slowed over the past two decades, possibly to its weakest state in almost a millennium.
** Used before a numeral.
    There are a few hundred orders that need to be fulfilled by tomorrow.
*** 1934, Alan Villiers, Whalers of the Midnight Sun: […], New York, N.Y., London: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 154:The blues were eating leisurely, swimming about and opening their great mouths, spouting and filling their enormous stomachs with intense satisfaction. They had no idea of danger. There must have been about fifteen of them, peacefully feeding. One of them, its belly gorged probably with a few trillion plankton, seemed to be lying asleep on the surface.
*** 2020 July 31, Brian Friedberg, “The Dark Virality of a Hollywood Blood-Harvesting Conspiracy”, in Wired‎, San Francisco, Calif.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-15:The impact of hidden virality can't be stopped by retroactively banning a few thousand Twitter accounts; it is an iterative, memetic phenomenon that outpaces terms of service.
*** 2023, Don Winslow, City of Dreams, London: HarperCollins Publishers, →ISBN, page 332:That was on the first day's walk. It took him until day three, after a good ten miles, to ask her out.
* Used in some adverbial phrases denoting the degree or extent of an action, such as a little, a bit, a lot, etc.
    The door was opened a little.
** 1978, Deane H. Shapiro, Jr., Precision Nirvana, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc., →ISBN, page 104:If, for example, you ask a child what he likes to do, he may say he doesn't know. However, if you watch him during free time, and note that he plays basketball a lot, you may infer that this is a high-probability behavior, and he finds it reinforcing.
** 2009, James H. S. McGregor, Paris From the Ground Up, Cambridge, M.A., London: Belknap Press, →ISBN, page 163:The bridge was shifted a bit to the east and rebuilt, this time with the shops of money-changers along both sides.
** 2023 January 13, Dana G. Smith, “Even a Little Alcohol Can Harm Your Health, Research Shows”, in The New York Times‎, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-10:You don't need to go cold turkey to help your health. Even reducing a little bit can be beneficial, especially if you currently drink over the recommended limits.
* The same; one and the same. Used in phrases such as of a kind, birds of a feather, etc.
    We are of a mind on matters of morals.
    They're two of a kind.
* Any; every; used before a noun which has become modified to limit its scope.
    A man who dies intestate leaves his children troubles and difficulties.
* Any; used with a negative to indicate not a single one.
    It was so dark that we couldn't see a thing.
    He fell all that way, and hasn't a bump on his head?
** 2001, Stephen Lawhead, The Mystic Rose Book (Celtic Crusades; III), London, […]: BCA, page 180:No, it is impossible. My conscience would give me not a moment's peace if I let you go. I would never forgive myself.
** 2014, Sherry D. Ficklin, Queen of Someday: A Stolen Empire Novel, [Colony, T.X.]: Clean Teen Publishing, →ISBN, page 116:When had my own feelings become so muddled and complicated? Before I take a single step, he catches my arm, turning me to him.
** 2016, Daphna Rabinovitch, “Fudge Truffle Tart”, in The Baker in Me, Vancouver, B.C.: Whitecap Books, →ISBN, page 204:My friend Cindy's husband, Michael Zahavi, a true chocoholic if there ever was one, adores this tart. In fact, when I visited their cottage up in Muskoka, Ontario one summer and brought this along as a treat, he got up in the middle of the night to nosh away at it, leaving us sleepyheads with nary a crumb the next day.
* Used before an adjective that modifies a noun (singular or plural) delimited by a numeral.
    The lottery jackpot is worth a staggering three hundred million dollars.
    The holidays are a mere one week away.
* One; someone named; used before a person's name, suggesting that the speaker knows little about the person other than the name.
    We've received an interesting letter from a Mrs. Miggins of London.
* Used before an adjective modifying a person's name, typically used to emphasize that person's current condition or emotional state.
** 1963, Robert Hancock, Ruth Ellis: The Last Woman To Be Hanged, London: Orion, published 1993, →ISBN, page 35:At Waterloo she asked George for £5 and said that she would go home by tube, and a relieved George watched her descend the Underground steps.
** 2016, David J. Bailey, The Storm, London: Austin Macauley Publishers Ltd., →ISBN, page 147:"There, I think that's done it," declared a triumphant John, "we just need to try it with the bar now, where is it?"
** 2018, “Rwandan court drops all charges against opposition figure”, in Associated Press:"I will continue my campaign to fight for the rights of all Rwandans," a surprised but happy Rwigara told reporters after celebrating.
* Someone or something like; similar to; used before a proper noun to create an example out of it.
    The center of the village was becoming a Times Square.
    The man is a regular Romeo.
** 1987, Frederic V. Grunfeld, Rodin: A Biography, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 88:[Jules] Pécher actually sculpted a sort of Statue of Liberty for the centerpiece of the monument, but for the rest he thought it advisable to call in Van Rasbourgh, and Rodin thus became a ghost sculptor to a ghost sculptor.
** 2009, Ed Macy, Hellfire, London: Harper Press, →ISBN, page 134:Billy fancied himself as a bit of a Han Solo, but he shook his head. 'Stop being a wuss.' He grinned. 'Your go.'
** 2020, Laura Erickson, The Love Lives of Birds: Courting and Mating Rituals, North Adams, M.A.: Storey Publishing, →ISBN, page 81:For the first 5 or 6 days after the eggs hatch, the mother spends most of her time keeping the chicks warm while the father provides most of their meals. All that work may be what prompts the female to leave the family. They share feeding duties more equally during the next week or 10 days, until the young leave the nest. Producing a second batch is easier if she skips the last grueling week or two of provisioning fledglings. She can recharge her batteries by moseying off and, while on vacation, looking for a new Casanova.

##### Usage notes

* In standard English, the article a is used before consonant sounds, while an is used before vowel sounds; for more, see the usage notes about an.

##### Derived terms

* a few
* a great many

##### See also

* an

### Etymology 3

* From Middle English a, o, from Old English a-, an, on.
* Unstressed form of on.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ə/

#### Preposition

a
* To do with separation; In, into. [from before 1150]
    torn a pieces
* To do with time; Each, per, in, on, by. Often occurs between two nouns, where the first noun occurs at the end of a verbal phrase.[from before 1150]
    I brush my teeth twice a day.
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:A Sundays
** 2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America‎, archived from the original on 7 February 2019:Patent requests for machine learning activities grew on average by 28 percent a year between 2013 and 2016, the study found.
    Audio (US):(file)
* To do with status; In. [from before 1150]
** King James Bible (II Chronicles 2:18)
    To set the people a worke.
* (archaic) To do with position or direction; In, on, at, by, towards, onto. [from before 1150]
    stand a tiptoe
* (archaic) To do with process, with a passive verb; In the course of, experiencing. [from before 1150]
** 1964, Bob Dylan, “The Times They Are a-Changin'”:The times, they are a-changin'.
* (archaic) To do with an action, an active verb; Engaged in. [16th c.]
** c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:It was a doing.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 11:21:Jacob, when he was a dying
* (archaic) To do with an action/movement; To, into. [16th c.]
* (obsolete) To do with method; In, with. [from before 1150]
** c. 1589–1590 (date written), Christopher Marlo[we], edited by Tho[mas] Heywood, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Iew of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, →OCLC, (please specify the page):Stands here a purpose.
* (obsolete) To do with role or capacity; In. [from before 1150]
    a God’s name

##### Usage notes

* (position, direction): Can also be attached without a hyphen, as aback, ahorse, afoot. See a-
* (separation): Can also be attached without hyphen, as asunder. See a-
* (status): Can also be attached without hyphen, as afloat, awake. See a-.
* (process): Can also be attached with or without hyphen, as a-changing

##### See also

* on
* a-

### Etymology 4

From Middle English a, ha contraction of have, or haven.

#### Alternative forms

* 'a, 'a', ha, ha'

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ə/

#### Verb

a
* (dialectal or slang) Have (auxiliary verb).
    I'd a come, if you'd a asked.
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], signature H2, recto:So would I a done, by yonder Sunne, / If thou hadſt not come to my bed.
** 1863 May 22 – 1863 June 26, L[ouisa] M[ay] Alcott, “A Day”, in Hospital Sketches, Boston, Mass.: James Redpath, […], published August 1863, →OCLC, page 36:"Well, I reckon it did, marm, for that shot would a gone a couple a inches deeper but for my old mammy's camphor bag," answered the cheerful philosopher.
** 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter VII, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 54:He dropped below me, with the current, and by-and-by he come a-swinging up shore in the easy water, and he went by so close I could a reached out the gun and touched him.
** [1886, Robert Hollan, “A, prep.”, in A Glossary of Words Used in the County of Chester (English Dialect Society; XVI), London: Trübner & Co.:Oi'd a gen im a clout, if oi'd been theer.]
** 1964, John Ehle, The Land Breakers, New York, N.Y. […]: Harper & Row, Publishers, page 53:They live in the river bottom. Don't you know a thing? I thought you must a seen them, since they was here all winter, cutting at the woods and burning brush.
** 2013, William Brodrick, The Discourtesy of Death, London: Little, Brown, →ISBN, page 247:'I never told him, pleaded Liam. 'If I 'ad a done, he'd a taken the rifles, wouldn't he? Thing is, I wanted to fire a gun for real. See what it felt like. So I just borrowed it and went out on me own to have a go. But I didn't get the chance because I came across a patrol and I panicked and chucked the thing in a bin.'
* (dialectal or slang, rare) had (auxiliary verb).
** 1887 October, Octave Thanet [pseudonym; Alice French], “The Mortgage on Jeffy”, in Scribner's Magazine, volume II, number 4, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Sons, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 478, column 1:I wisht you a seen 'im; fust he looked mighty gubious; then he begins ter laff. He'll git likened ter ridin' mighty briefly."

##### Usage notes

* Now often attached to a preceding auxiliary verb. See -a.

##### Derived terms

* coulda
* shoulda
* woulda

### Etymology 5

From Middle English a, a reduced form of he (“he”)/ha (“he”), heo (“she”)/ha (“she”), ha (“it”), and hie, hie (“they”).

#### Alternative forms

* 'a

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ʌ/
* (it): (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ʌ/, /ɑ/
* Rhymes: -ʌ, -ɑ

#### Pronoun

a
* (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) He, she, they: the third-person singular or plural nominative.
** 1855, Kingsley, W. Ho!, page 120 (edition of 1889):
    He've a got a great venture on hand, but what a [it] be he tell'th no man.
** 1864, Tennyson, N. Farmer, Old Style, st. 2:
    Doctors, they knaws nowt, fur a [they] says what's nawways true.
** (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) He, the third-person singular nominative.
*** 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:a’ brushes his hat o’ mornings.
*** 1795, Peter Pindar, The Royal Visit to Exeter, a Political Epistle: by John Ploughshare ... published by Peter Pindar, Esq, page 5:Well! in a come [in he came]—KING GEORGE to town, / With doust and zweat az netmeg brown, / The hosses all in smoke;
*** 1860, Kite, Sng. Sol., ii, 16:
    A do veed amang th' lilies.
*** 1864, Tennyson, N. Farmer, Old Style, st. 7, version of 1917, Raymond Macdonald Alden, Alfred Tennyson, how to Know Him, page 226:
    "The amoighty's a taakin' o' you to 'issén, my friend," a said, […]
*** 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros‎, London: Jonathan Cape, page 8:And, by your leave, for all the marvellous rich and sumptuous coat a weareth, he is very like a false jewel in a rich casing.
** (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) She, the third-person singular nominative.
*** 1790, Grose, MS. add. (M.):
    A wanted me to go with her.
*** 1876, Bound, Prov.:
    Did a do it!
*** 1883, Hardy, Tover, page 124 (edition of 1895):
    A's getting wambling on her pins [shaky on her legs].

### Etymology 6

From Middle English of, with apocope of the final f and vowel reduction.

#### Alternative forms

* o', o

#### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ə/

#### Preposition

a
* (archaic or slang) Of.
    The name of John a Gaunt.
** c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:What time a day is it?
** 1598, Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man in His Humour. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):It’s six a clock.
** 1931, A. P. Carter, "When I'm Gone":
    Two bottles 'a whiskey for the way
** 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 152:Isis rode my mug like she was on a ten-inch dick, and as soon as she nutted I tossed her ass off a me and flipped her on her back, then fucked the shit outta her cause it was payback time.

##### Usage notes

* Often attached without a hyphen to preceding word.

### Etymology 7

From Northern Middle English aw, alteration of all.

#### Alternative forms

* a'

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɔ/
* Rhymes: -ɔ

#### Adverb

a (not comparable)
* (chiefly Scotland) All. [from ca. 1350—1470]

#### Adjective

a (not comparable)
* (chiefly Scotland) All. [from ca. 1350—1470]

### Etymology 8
#### Alternative forms

* 'a

#### Particle

a
* Pronunciation spelling of to.
** 1923 January, “The Sunshine of Childhood (Contributed)”, in Benedict Brown, editor, The Grail, volume 4, number 9, St. Meinrad, Ind.: The Abbey Press, page 284, column 2:James was going with his mother to attend the ceremonies at which his oldest sister in the convent would make perpetual vows. Being asked where he was going, he answered, “I’m goin’ a see my sister make percapital vowels.”
** 2007, BK Loren, “Got Tape?”, in Barry Lopez, editor, The Future of Nature: Writing on a Human Ecology from Orion Magazine, Minneapolis, Minn.: Milkweed Editions, →ISBN, page 43:The man walks toward me. “I met that asshole. He’s tryin’ a sell us a bag a bullshit.”
** 2012 October 23, Tom Wolfe, Back to Blood: A Novel, Large Print edition, New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 66:Don’tcha try deny it, / ’Cause Hose knows you dyin’ a try it— […] Knows you out tryin’ a buy it, / But Hose only gives it free

##### Related terms

* gonna
* gotta
* oughta
* tryna
* wanna

### Etymology 9

Contraction of gonna, itself a reduction of going to; see Etymology 8 above (“to”).

#### Contraction

a
* (African-American Vernacular) Used to express a future action; going to.
    I'm a go see what's going on out there.
** 2010, Todd Bridges, Killing Willis: From Diff'rent Strokes to the Mean Streets to the Life I Always Wanted, New York, N.Y.: Touchstone Books, →ISBN, page 146:"Sure, Billy, I'm a run downstairs to the machine and get me a pack of bigarettes," he said, taking off with his Melody.
** 2012, Bertrand E. Brown, Sylvia's Dilemma: A Novel, →ISBN, page 95:Ain't nothin' in the house to eat and now that we has Mr. Alex staying with us a few days I'm a need to buy some groceries so yous two can have the house to yo'self 'til I get back.
** 2018, Monica Jeremie, Married to a Dade County Bully 2, Urban Chapters Publications, →ISBN, page 85:I'm a head out there now and take a look.
** 2021, Ioan Grillo, Blood Gun Money: How America Arms Gangs and Cartels, New York, N.Y. […]: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 141:"The Glock 26 and the motherfucking, uh, the Hi-Point. I'm a try to get the both of them," another said.

#### Usage notes

* Mainly used in the phrase I'm a, which is usually spelled Imma.

#### Related terms

* Imma
* I'm 'onna

### Etymology 10

Contraction of and.

#### Conjunction

a
* (obsolete, dialectal, rare) Contraction of and.
** 1655, William Barton, Man's Monitor, or, the Free-school of Virtue; Holding Forth the Duties Required and Sins Forbidden in the Two Tables of the Law., London: W.D. for T. Underhill, unnumbered page; republished in Early English Books Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Text Creation Partnership, p. 2011:By cock a pie and Mous-foot Dent bring's in, / Examples to express forbidden Sin:
** 1746, “Exmoor Scolding: Or, a Devonſhire Dialogue:”, in The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XVI, London: Edw. Cave, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 353, column 2:Thee lace ma? Chem a laced well-a-fine aready.—Zey wone word more, and chell breſh tha, chell make thy boddize pilmee.
** 1823, Edward Moor, Suffolk Words and Phrases: Or, An Attempt to Collect the Lingual Localisms of that County, London: J. Loder, page 2:4. as if. "I'll gi ye a dunt i' the hid 'a ye dew so no more." This is equivalent to the "an if" of some of our old writers.

##### Usage notes

* The Oxford English Dictionary notes: "The form is not common in any period, and some of the earlier examples could instead show a transmission error for an in its abbreviated form (i.e. ā, with mark of suspension)."

### Etymology 11
#### Symbol

a
* Distance from leading edge to aerodynamic center.
* specific absorption coefficient
* (chemistry) specific rotation
* (genetics) allele (recessive)

### Etymology 12
#### Adverb

a
* (crosswording) across
    Do you have the answer for 23a?
* (chiefly US) Alternative spelling of a.m. (“ante meridiem”) or am

### Etymology 13
#### Particle

a
* Alternative form of -a (“empty syllable added to songs, poetry, verse and other speech”)
** 2001, Louis F. Newcomb, Car Salesman: A Legacy, iUniverse (→ISBN), page 91:
    “I show a you right a here I can fuck a you.” “Is she crazy?” I asked Wyman.

### Etymology 14

Borrowed from Russian а (a).

#### Noun

a
* The name of the Cyrillic script letter А / а.

#### Translations
### Etymology 15
#### Interjection

a
* ah; er (sound of hesitation)
** 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:"We will resume yesterday's discourse, young ladies," said he, "and you shall each read a page by turns; so that Miss a—Miss Short may have an opportunity of hearing you"; and the poor girls began to spell a long dismal sermon delivered at Bethesda Chapel, Liverpool, on behalf of the mission for the Chickasaw Indians.

### Etymology 16

Abbreviations.
* (Stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨a⟩.
* (Stenoscript) the long vowel /eɪ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; [ɛə˞] counts as /eɪr/.)
    Thus the word a, plus its inflection an.
* (Stenoscript) the word a.m.
* (Stenoscript) the prefix ad-.

### Quotations

Additional quotations for any terms on this page may be found at Citations:a.

### References

* Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “a”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 1.
* Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN)
* “a” in Christine A. Lindberg, editor, The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, 2002, →ISBN, page 1.
* “a, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Brown, Lesley, (2003)
* ↑ Gove, Philip Babcock, (1976)
* 1 2 Lindberg, Christine A. (2007)
* 1 2 Oxford University Press, (2023)
* 1 2 “a, conj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

### Further reading

* “a”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “a”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

## Abau
### Pronunciation

IPA: /a/

### Noun

a
* house

## Afar
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʌ/

### Determiner

á
* this, these (masculine)

#### Derived terms

* ánnah

#### See also

See Template:aa-demonstrative determiners.

### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “a”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

## Albanian
### Etymology 1

* According to Orel, the particle and conjunction are etymologically identical. From Proto-Albanian *a and cognate to Ancient Greek ἦ (ê, “indeed”).
* From Proto-Albanian *(h)au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eu- (“that”). Cognate to Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “on the other hand, again”). A proclitic disjunctive particle, used with one or more parts of the sentence.

### Alternative forms

* ha (archaic, Buzuku)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Conjunction

a
* or
* there

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Albanian *(h)an, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en (“there”). Cognate with Latin an (“yes, perhaps”). Interrogative particle, usually used proclitically in simple sentences.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Particle

a
* probably, perhaps
* whether

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Standard Albanian Latin-script alphabet.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “a part. ('whether'), conj. ('or')”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 1
* ↑ Mann, S. E. (1948) “a”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 1

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* “a”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

## Ama
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ãː/

### Noun

a
* tree

## Anguthimri
### Verb

a
* (transitive, Mpakwithi) to pull

### References

* Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 184

## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin illa.

### Article

a f sg
* the
    a luenga aragonesa ― the Aragonese language

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin ad.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/ [a]

### Preposition

a
* to, towards

#### Derived terms

* al

### Article

a f sg (masculine il, neuter u, masculine plural us, feminine plural as)
* (A Estierna) Alternative form of la

### Noun

a f
* a (the name of the letter A, a)

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (phoneme) /ɑ/, (letter name) [ɑː]

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### Noun

a (definite accusative anı, plural alar)
* The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/az.
* See Template:list:Latin script letter names/az.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑː]

#### Interjection

a
* ah, oh (indicates surprise)
    A, doğrudan? ― Oh, really?

### Further reading

* “a” in Obastan.com.

## Bambara
### Article

a
* the (definite article).

### Interjection

a
* ah (expression of surprise)
* eh (expression of reluctance)

### Pronoun

a
* they, them (plural)
* he, she, they (singular)

#### Synonyms

* (they): u

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/, [a]

### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Basque alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* see other Basque letters

### Noun

a (indeclinable)
* The name of the Latin-script letter A.

#### See also

* see other Basque letter names

## Bavarian
### Etymology 1

Cognate with German ein, eine, Yiddish אַ (a), אַן (an).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐ/

#### Article

a
* a

##### See also

See Template:bar-decl-articles.
* oa (“one”, determiner)

### Etymology 2

Unstressed form of ea

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐ/

#### Pronoun

a
* he

##### See also

See Template:bar-decl-personal_pronouns.

### Etymology 3

Cognate with German auch.

#### Adverb

a
* Alternative form of aa: also, too, as well

## Belizean Creole
### Preposition

a
* of

### References

* Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 19.

## Big Nambas
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/
* Rhymes: -a

### Preposition

a
* in

### References

* Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox

## Breton
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *a, from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Preposition

a (triggers soft mutation)
* from (expresses origin)
    tud a Vrest ― people from Brest
* of (indicates an amount)
    un tamm brav a gig ― a nice piece of meat
* of (expresses a quality)
    ur plac’h a enor ― a girl of honour
* after certain adjectives or adverbs expressing quantity
    ur voutailh leun a sistr ― a bottle full of cider
* after ordinal numbers with a plural noun
    tri a vugale ― three children
* used in negative sentences with the grammatical object
    nʼem eus ket ken a vutun ― I donʼt have any more tobacco
* before the infinitive after certain verbs like paouez, mirout, diwall, c'hwitañ
    paouezet eo ar glav a gouezhañ ― it has stopped raining [lit. the rain has stopped falling]
* after substantivized adjectives used as nouns
    ur vrav a blacʼh ― a pretty girl
* combined with a personal pronoun
    gwelet em boa acʼhanout ― I saw you
    an den a gomzan anezhañ ― the man Iʼm talking about

##### Inflection

| singular | singular | plural | plural |
| 1 | ac'hanon | 1 | ac'hanomp |
| 2 | ac'hanout | 2 | ac'hanoc'h |
| 3 m | anezhañ | 3 | anezho |
| 3 f | anezhi | 3 | anezho |
| imp. | ac'hanor | ac'hanor | ac'hanor |

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Particle

a (triggers soft mutation)
* preverbal particle used when
** the subject precedes the verb
    ar mor a zo glas ― the sea is blue
** the object precedes the verb
    an den-se a glevan ― I hear that man

#### Pronoun

a (triggers soft mutation)
* (relative) that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb)
    an hini a garan ― the one whom I love

## Cameroon Pidgin
### Pronoun

a
* Alternative spelling of I (“1st person singular subject personal pronoun”)

## Catalan
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/
* Rhymes: -a

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Catalan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### Derived terms

* no saber ni la a

##### See also

* see other Catalan letters

### Etymology 2

From Latin ad.

#### Pronunciation

* (Eastern) IPA: /ə/
* (Western) IPA: /a/

#### Preposition

a
* in, at; indicating a particular time or place
    Sóc a Barcelona.I am in Barcelona.
* to; indicating movement towards a particular place
    Vaig a Barcelona.I'm going to Barcelona.
* to; indicating a target or indirect object
    Escric una carta a la meva àvia.I'm writing my grandmother a letter.
* per
* by
    dia a dia.day by day.

##### Usage notes

* When the preposition a is followed by a masculine definite article, el or els, it is contracted with it to the forms al and als respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ because it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to a l’ takes precedence over contracting to al.
The same occurs with the salat article es, to form as except where es would be elided to s’.

##### Derived terms

* al
* als
* as
* cap a
* per a

## Chayuco Mixtec
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Conjunction

a
* or

### References

* Pensinger, Brenda J. (1974) Diccionario mixteco-español, español-mixteco (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 18)‎ (in Spanish), México, D.F.: El Instituto Lingüístico de Verano en coordinación con la Secretaría de Educación Pública a través de la Dirección General de Educación Extraescolar en el Medio Indígena, pages 3, 110

## Chibcha
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Noun

a
* open mouth
* smell, taste

### References

* Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.

## Choctaw
### Conjunction

a
* yes

## Chuukese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ/

### Pronoun

a
* he
* she
* it

### Adjective

a
* he is
* she is
* it is

### Related terms

See Template:chk-tense chart.

## Cimbrian
### Alternative forms

* an (Sette Comuni)

### Etymology

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain.

### Article

a (oblique masculine an)
* (Luserna) a, an
    Maria iz a lavròunaren. ― Maria is a Lavaronese.

### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Coatepec Nahuatl
### Noun

a
* water

## Cora
### Particle

a
* outside
* out of view (from the speaker)
* entering a shallow domain; entering a domain in a shallow or restricted manner
    atyásuuna káasu heceThe water is pouring into the (shallow) pan.

### Antonyms

* u (“inside; within view”)

### References

* Eugene Casad, Ronald Langacker (1985) “'Inside' and 'outside' in Cora grammar”, in International Journal of American Linguistics

## Cornish
### Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aː/

#### Interjection

a
* ah

### Etymology 2

Compare Welsh a

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Particle

a (triggers soft mutation)
* Inserted before the verb when a subject or direct object precedes the verb

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Brythonic *a, from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Preposition

a (triggers soft mutation)
* of (expressing separation, origin, composition/substance or a quality)
* of (between a preceding large number and a following plural noun to express quantity)
* from (indicating provenance)

#### Inflection

| | Singular | Plural |
| First person | ahanaf | ahanan |
| Second person | ahanas | ahanowgh |
| Third person | anodho (m) anedhy (f) | anodhans, anedha |

## Corsican
### Etymology

From the earlier la.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa/
* Homophones: à, hà

### Article

a f (masculine u, masculine plural i, feminine plural e)
* the (feminine)

#### Usage notes

* Before a vowel, a turns into l'

### Pronoun

a f
* her, it (direct object)

#### Usage notes

* Before a vowel, a turns into l'

#### See also

See Template:co-personal pronouns.

### References

* “a” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech a, from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈa]
* Audio:(file)

### Conjunction

a
* and

### Further reading

* “a”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “a”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dakota
### Pronunciation

IPA: /a/

### Letter

a (uppercase A)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/dak.

## Dalmatian
### Etymology

From Latin ad.

### Preposition

a
* to
* at

## Danish
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /æː/, [ˈæːˀ]
* Rhymes: -æː
* Audio (Copenhagen):(file)

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Danish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* see other Danish letters

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /æː/, [ˈæːˀ]
* Rhymes: -æː
* Audio (Copenhagen):(file)

#### Noun

a n (singular definite a'et, plural indefinite a'er)
* The name of the letter A or a.

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3
#### Alternative forms

* à (unofficial but common)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/, [ˈaˀ]
* Rhymes: -a, -æː
* Audio (Copenhagen):(file)

#### Preposition

a
* of, of...each, each containing
* at
* to, or

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /æː/, [ˈæːˀ]
* Rhymes: -æː
* Audio (Copenhagen):(file)

#### Verb

a
* imperative of ae

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /aː/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1
#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch â, from Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

#### Alternative forms

* aa (especially in names)
* ie

#### Noun

a f (plural a's, diminutive aatje)
* (archaic) a stream or water

##### Related terms

* Aa
* eiland

#### Further reading

* Aa (waternaam) on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

### Etymology 3
#### Pronoun

a
* (Brabant, dialectal) Alternative form of u (“you”, objective or reflexive pronoun)

#### Pronoun

a
* (Brabant, dialectal) Alternative form of uw (“your”)

##### Usage notes

The masculine singular form of the possessive pronoun is awe.

## Egyptian
### Romanization

a
* Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥ.

## Emilian
### Etymology

From Latin ego (“I”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐ/
* Hyphenation: a

### Pronoun

a (personal, nominative case)
* I
* we
* you (plural)

#### Alternative forms

* Becomes aj- before a vowel (proclitic).
* Becomes -ja when acting as an enclitic.

#### Related terms

See Template:Emilian personal pronouns.

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /a/
* (phoneme): IPA: /a/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/eo.

### Noun

a (accusative singular a-on, plural a-oj, accusative plural a-ojn)
* The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letter names/eo.

## Estonian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (letter name, aa): IPA: /ˈɑː/
* (phoneme): IPA: /ɑ/

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called aa and written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

#### Noun

a (genitive a or a', partitive a-d or a'd)
* The letter a (the first letter of the Estonian alphabet)
* (music) A (note)
    Synonym: la

##### Declension

(the first letter of the Estonian alphabet):
(music):

### Etymology 2

Clipping of aga. Probably influenced by Russian а (a).

#### Conjunction

a
* (colloquial, in fast speech) but

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

a
* Abbreviation of aasta.
* Abbreviation of aar.

### References

* a in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
* “a”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

## Fala
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese á, from Latin illa (“that”).

#### Article

a f sg (plural as, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os)
* Feminine singular definite article; the
** 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:A grandeda da lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos, […]The greatness of the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us, […]

#### Pronoun

a
* Third person singular feminine accusative pronoun; her

##### See also

See Template:fax-personal pronouns.

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”).

#### Preposition

a
* to
** 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:A grandeda da lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos, […]The greatness of the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us, […]

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Latin a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛaː/
* Homophone: æ
* Rhymes: -ɛaː

### Letter

a (upper case A)
* The first letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin script letters) bókstavur; Aa, Áá, Bb, Dd, Ðð, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Íí, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Óó, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Úú, Vv, Yy, Ýý, Ææ, Øø

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and a for information on the development of the glyph itself.

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Finnish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

### Etymology 2

German musical notation.

#### Noun

a
* (music) A (note)

##### Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

##### Declension

Inflection of a (Kotus type 18/maa)
singular
plural
nominative
a
a:t
genitive
a:n
a:iden a:itten
partitive
a:ta
a:ita
accusative
a a:n
a:t
inessive
a:ssa
a:issa
elative
a:sta
a:ista
illative
a:han
a:ihin
adessive
a:lla
a:illa
ablative
a:lta
a:ilta
allative
a:lle
a:ille
essive
a:na
a:ina
translative
a:ksi
a:iksi
abessive
a:tta
a:itta
instructive
a:in
comitative
a:ineen :

##### Derived terms

* A-duuri
* a-molli

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin ad.

### Pronoun

a (ORB)
* to
* at
* of (possessive)

#### Derived terms

* a revêre

### References

* Stich, Dominique (2003) “a”, in Dictionnaire francoprovençal/français, français/francoprovençal: Dictionnaire des mots de base du francoprovençal: Orthographe ORB supradialectale standardisée, Thonon-les-Bains: Éditions Le Carré: “a (sert parfois à la possession)”.

## French
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### Noun

a m or f (plural as)
* a, the name of the Latin-script letter A

#### Derived terms

* e dans l’a

### Etymology 2

Quebec eye-dialect spelling of elle.

#### Pronunciation

* (CA) IPA: /a/

#### Pronoun

a f
* (Quebec, colloquial) alternative form of elle (“she”)
    C’te fille-là, a’a l’air cute.That girl, she looks cute.

### Etymology 3

From Old French a, at from Vulgar Latin *at, from Latin habet.

#### Pronunciation

* (France) IPA: /a/
* (CA) IPA: /ɑ/, /ɔ/
* Homophones: à, as
* Rhymes: -a

#### Verb

a
* third-person singular present indicative of avoir
    Elle a un chat.She has a cat.

### See also

* à
* â

### Further reading

* “a”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Fula
### Etymology 1
#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### Usage notes

* Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

a
* you (second person singular subject pronoun; short form)

##### Usage notes

* Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
* Used in all conjugations except the affirmative non-accomplished, where the long form is used instead.

##### See also

* aɗa (second person singular subject pronoun; long form), hiɗa (variant used in the Pular dialect of Futa Jalon)
* aan (emphatic form) (Maasina)
* an (emphatic form) (Pular)
* maaɗa (second person singular possessive pronoun (Adamawa))
* -maa (second person singular dependent pronoun (Adamawa))

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Latin ad (“to, toward”).

#### Pronunciation

IPA: /a̝/
* Hyphenation: a

#### Preposition

a
* to, toward; indicating direction of motion
* introducing an indirect object
* used to indicate the time of an action
* (with de) to, until; used to indicate the end of a range
    de cinco a oito ― from five to eight
* by, on, by means of; expresses a mode of action
    a pé ― on foot
* for; indicates price or cost

##### Usage notes

The preposition a regularly forms contractions when it precedes the definite article o, a, os, and as. For example, a o ("to the") contracts to ao or ó, and a a ("to the") contracts to á.

##### Derived terms

at/to + the table :
| - | Singular | Plural |
| Masculine | ao (ó) | aos (ós) |
| Feminine | á | ás |

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin illa, feminine of ille (“that”).

#### Pronunciation

IPA: /a̝/

#### Article

a f (masculine singular o, feminine plural as, masculine plural os)
* (definite) the
    A porta diu volta nos couzós.The door swung back in its sockets.

##### Usage notes

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con a (“with the”) contracts to coa, and en a (“in the”) contracts to na.
Also, the definite article presents a second form that could be represented as <-lo/-la/-los/-las>, or either lack any specific representation. Its origin is in the assimilation of the last consonant of words ended in -s or -r, due to sandhi, with the /l/ present in the article in pre-Galician-Portuguese period. So Vou comer o caldo or Vou come-lo caldo are representations of /ˈβowˈkomelo̝ˈkaldo̝/ ("I'm going to have my soup"). This phenomenon, rare in Portuguese, is already documented in 13th century Medieval Galician texts, as the Cantigas de Santa Maria.

##### Derived terms

* á
* coa
* da
* na

##### See also

See Template:gl-articles.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

IPA: /ˈa/

#### Noun

a m (plural as)
* a (name of the letter A, a)

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

a
* accusative of ela

##### Usage notes

Due to sandhi, the accusative form o (in all its forms) regularly changes to -lo after verbal forms ended in ⟨r⟩ or ⟨s⟩, and to -no after verbal forms ended in a semivowel:
* Eu apagueina 'I quenched it' < apaguei‿a
* Ti apagáchela 'You quenched it' < apagaches‿a
* El apagouna 'He quenched it' < apagou‿a
* Nós apagámola 'We quenched it' < apagamos‿a
* Temos de apagala 'We must quench it' < apagar‿a

### References

* ↑ Vaz Leão, Ângela (2000) “Questões de linguagem nas Cantigas de Santa Maria, de Afonso X”, in Scripta‎, volume 4, number 7, →DOI, retrieved 16 November 2017, pages 11-24
* “a”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “a”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “a”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “a”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## German
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/, /ä/
* Rhymes: -aː

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the German alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### Noun

a n (strong, genitive a or as, plural a or as)
* Alternative form of A

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

a
* Abbreviation of a-Moll.
* Abbreviation of Ar.

## Gilbertese
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Numeral

a
* four

## Gothic
### Romanization

a
* Romanization of 𐌰

## Grass Koiari
### Pronoun

a
* you (singular)

### References

* 2010, Terry Crowley & Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics, fourth edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 142.

## Gun
### Etymology

Cognates include Fon à.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à/

### Pronoun

à
* you (second-person singular subject pronoun)

#### See also

See Template:guw-personal pronouns.

## Haitian Creole
### Pronunciation

IPA: /a/

### Article

a
* the, definite article

#### Usage notes

This term only follows words that end with an oral (non-nasal) consonant and an oral vowel in that order, and can only modify singular nouns.

#### See also

* an
* la
* lan
* nan
* yo
* yon

## Hawaiian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/, [ə]

### Conjunction

a
* and (used between sentences)
* until, up to

### Preposition

a
* of, belonging to

#### Usage notes

* Used for acquired possessions, while o is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).

## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of a – see 阿. (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 阿).

## Hungarian
### Etymology 1

See az.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɒ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒ

#### Article

a (definite)
* the
    a hölgy ― the lady
* (before some time phrases) this
    a héten ― (during) this week
    a télen ― (in) this winter

##### Usage notes

Used before words starting with a consonant.

##### Related terms

* az (for words starting with a vowel sound)

#### Pronoun

a (demonstrative)
* (in reduplicated constructions formed with postpositions) that
    A mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to that house.

#### Determiner

a (demonstrative)
* (rare, only in consonant-initial fixed phrases, with zero article) Alternative form of az (“that”).
    Foglalja össze, miről szóltak az a heti beszédek és leckék. ― Summarize what that week’s sermons and lessons were about.
    November 12-én, az a havi frissítőkedden jelenhet meg. ― It may be released on November 12th, on the Patch Tuesday of that month.
    Kérjük szíves tájékoztatásukat a tekintetben, hogy… (= abban a tekintetben, see az) ― We kindly request your information in that [= the] aspect…
    amondó vagyok, hogy… ― I am of the opinion that…, what/all I can / want to say is that… (literally, “I am that-sayer/-saying…”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (letter or phoneme itself): IPA: [ˈɒː]
* (identifier or musical note): IPA: [ˈaː] (in the names of minor scales; see also A)

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Hungarian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
* (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone

##### Derived terms

* a-moll

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs

### References

* ↑ a heti at e-nyelv.hu
* ↑ Siptár, Péter and Miklós Törkenczy. The Phonology of Hungarian. The Phonology of the World’s Languages. Oxford University Press, 2007. →ISBN, p. 280

### Further reading

* a in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2021)
* Entries in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ISBN 9630535793
** definite article; pronoun; determiner
** speech sound; letter; first element; abbreviation
** musical note and tone
** interjection for displeasure, contradiction, surprise, disappointment, or pity and (dialectal) interjection for emphasis

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aː/
* Rhymes: -aː

### Letter

a (upper case A)
* The first letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### Noun

a
* The name of the Latin-script letter A.

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

## Ido
### Pronunciation

* (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA: /a/

### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

### Noun

a (plural a-i)
* The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

#### See also

See Template:list:Latin script letter names/io.

### Preposition

a
* Apocopic form of ad

#### Related terms

* e (“and”)
* o (“or”)

## Igbo
### Letter

a (upper case A, lower case a)
* The first letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* e (neutral tongue position)

#### Pronunciation

* (high-tone): IPA: /á/
* (low-tone): IPA: /à/

#### Pronoun

a
* (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual).
    A gwara ya ka ọ bịa.He/she was told to come.

##### Usage notes

* Often gets translated into English with the passive voice.

##### See also

See Template:ig-personal pronouns.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à/

#### Determiner

a
* this.

##### Related terms

* ahụ

## Indo-Portuguese
### Etymology

From Portuguese a.

### Pronunciation

* (Sri Lankan Creole) IPA: /a/, /ə/

### Preposition

a
* to
** 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3 (overall work in German):[…] , que da-cá su quião que ta pertencê a êll. […] , to give him his share which belongs to him.

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /a/ [a]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a
* Homophones: A, à

### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Indonesian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
* The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
* (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet

### Further reading

* “a” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian а (a).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ]
* (Hevaha) IPA: /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑ
* Hyphenation: a

### Conjunction

a
* and, but
** 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 17:A siä Jaakko, kuhu määt?And you Jaakko, where are you going?
** 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:keskipäivääl hää [päivyt] on kaikkiin ylemmääl, a siis alkaa laskiissa.on midday it [the Sun] is highest, and then it starts to descend.

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 1
* Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 15

## Interlingua
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Preposition

a
* to, at
* to, for (indicating purpose)
    sala a attender ― waiting room

#### Derived terms

* a in
* al

## Inupiaq
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Interjection

a
* listen, hark
* oops (used to acknowledge an error)
* oh (used to express surprise)

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ə/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *esyo (the final vowel triggering lenition), feminine Proto-Celtic *esyās (the final -s triggering h-prothesis), plural Proto-Celtic *ēsom (the final nasal triggering eclipsis), all from the genitive forms of Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Welsh ei.

#### Determiner

a (triggers lenition)
* his, its
    a athair agus a mháthair ― his father and mother
    Chaill an t-éan a chleití.The bird lost its feathers.

#### Determiner

a (triggers h-prothesis)
* her, its
    a hathair agus a máthair ― her father and mother
    Bhris an mheaig a heiteog.The magpie broke its wing.

#### Determiner

a (triggers eclipsis)
* their
    a n-athair agus a máthair ― their father and mother
    a dtithe ― their houses
    a n-ainmneacha ― their names
* (Connacht) our
* (Connacht) your (plural)

##### See also

See Template:Irish personal pronouns.

#### Determiner

a (triggers lenition)
* how (used with an abstract noun)
    A ghéire a labhair sí!How sharply she spoke!
    A fheabhas atá sé!How good it is!

### Etymology 2

A reduced form of older do (itself a reanalysis of do used in past tenses, and also present in early modern verbs like do-bheirim (“I give”), do-chím (“I see”)), or from the preverb a- in early modern verbs like a-tú (“I am”), a-deirim (“I say”) in relative clauses.

#### Particle

a (triggers lenition except of d’ and of past autonomous forms)
* introduces a direct relative clause, takes the independent form of an irregular verb
    an fear a chuireann síol ― the man who sows seed
    an síol a chuireann an fear ― the seed that the man sows
    an síol a cuireadh ― the seed that was sown
    nuair a bhí mé óg ― when I was young
    an cat a d'ól an bainne ― the cat that drank the milk

#### References

* Gerald O’Nolan (1920) Studies in Modern Irish‎, volume 1, pages 89, 93–94

### Etymology 3

From Old Irish a (“that, which the relative particle used after prepositions”), reanalyzed as an independent indirect relative particle from forms like ar a (“on which, on whom”), dá (“to which, to whom”), or early modern le a (“with which, with whom”), agá (“at which, at whom”) when prepositional pronouns started to be repeated in such clauses (eg. don té agá mbíon cloidheamh (…) aige, daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia). Compare the forms used in Munster instead: go (from agá (“at which”)) and na (from i n-a (“in which”), go n-a (“with which”), ria n-a (“before which”) and later lena (“with which”), tréna (“through which”)).

#### Particle

a (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)
* introduces an indirect relative clause
    an bord a raibh leabhar air ― the table on which there was a book
    an fear a bhfuil a mhac ag imeacht ― the man whose son is going away

##### Related terms

* ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

#### Pronoun

a (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)
* all that, whatever
    Sin a bhfuil ann.That's all that is there.
    An bhfuair tú a raibh uait?Did you get all that you wanted?
    Íocfaidh mé as a gceannóidh tú.I will pay for whatever you buy.

##### Related terms

* ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

#### References

* Nicholas Williams (1994) “Na Canúintí a Theacht chun Solais”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, page 464: “Tháinig nós chun cinn sa 17ú haois freisin an réamhfhocal a dhúbláil: don té agá mbíonn cloidheamh..aige; daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia (Ó Cuív, 1952b, 177), an tí ag a bhfuil a bheag do chuntabhairt aige (Williams, 1986, 155).”
* Gerald O’Nolan (1934) The New Era Grammar of Modern Irish, The Educational Company of Ireland Ltd., page 56

### Etymology 4
#### Particle

a (triggers lenition)
* introduces a vocative
    A Dhia!O God!
    A dhuine uasail!Sir!
    Tar isteach, a Sheáin.Come in, Seán.
    A amadáin!You fool!

### Etymology 5
#### Particle

a (triggers h-prothesis)
* introduces a numeral
    a haon, a dó, a trí... ― one, two, three...
    Séamas a Dó ― James the Second
    bus a seacht ― bus seven

### Etymology 6

Originally a reduced form of do.

#### Preposition

a (plus dative, triggers lenition)
* to (used with verbal nouns)
    síol a chur ― to sow seed
    uisce a ól ― to drink water
    an rud atá sé a scríobh ― what he is writing
    D’éirigh sé a chaint.He rose to speak.
    Téigh a chodladh.Go to sleep.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “a”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 a (vocative particle)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 a (‘his, her, their’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 a (particle used before numerals)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “4 a (‘that which’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Istriot
### Etymology

From Latin ad.

### Preposition

a
* at
** 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
    A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,
       At the stern, at the bow everything is flags,

### Particle

a
* emphasises a verb; mandatory with impersonal verbs
** 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
    A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,
       At the stern, at the bow everything is flags,

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/$^*$
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: a

### Etymology 1

From Latin ā (the name of the letter A).

#### Letter

a f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Italian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

#### Noun

a f (invariable)
* The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.; a

##### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta

### Etymology 2

From Latin ad. In a few phrases, a stems from Latin ā, ab.

#### Preposition

a
* Indicates the indirect object. to
    Porta questo cesto alla nonna.Bring this basket to grandma.
    Ai gatti piacciono i pesci.Cats like fish.(literally, “Fish are pleasable to cats.”)
    E lo chiedi a me?You're asking that to me?
* Indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used. in, to
    Andiamo a casa?Can we go home?(literally, “Can we go to home?”)
    Ora sto a Palermo, a Roma ci torno domani.I'm in Palermo now, I'll go back to Rome tomorrow.
* Denotes the manner. with
    appena, a nuoto, a piedi, a caso ― almost, swimming, by foot, randomly
* Forms adverbs meaning “in a manner related or resembling ~”.
    a cappella, a bestia, a braccio, a pennello, etc. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* Forms goodbye formulas from the time the persons will meet again. see you...
    A domani! ― See you tomorrow!
    A dopo! ― See you later!
    Al prossimo Natale! ― See you next Christmas!
* Introduces the ingredients of a dish, perfume, etc. with
    pasta all'uovo ― pasta with eggs
    cornetto al cioccolato ― chocolate croissant
    shampoo al limone ― lemon shampoo
    patatine alla pizza ― pizza-flavoured crisps
* (central-southern Italy) Denotes the direct object, but only if it's not preceded by articles
    Chiama a Paolo.Call Paolo.
    E non ci avevi visto a noi?And you didn't see us?the "us" here is repeated twice for emphasis
    Ascolti a me, signó!Listen to me, ma'am!
* (followed by the definite article) Forms an interjection that gives an instruction or calls attention to something.
    Al ladro! ― Thief!
    Al fuoco! ― Fire!
    Al lupo! ― Wolf!
    All'attacco! ― Attack!
    All'arrembaggio! ― Assault! (yelled by pirates)
* (regional) Forms continuous tense when preceded by stare and followed by verb infinitives. -ing. The standard language for this scope uses gerunds.
    che stai a di'? ― what are you saying?
    stavo a dormi' ― I was sleeping
* Repeated indicates the amount by which something grows. by
    a due a due ― two by two; in pairs
    a poco a poco ― little by little
* Indicates the agent of a verb in some contexts. by. Sometimes interchangable with da.
    L'ho sentito dire a Livia.I heard Livia say it.(literally, “I heard it said by Livia.”)
** c. 1909, Luigi Pirandello, chapter 2.3, in I vecchi e i giovani:Mi duole, creda, sinceramente, veder fare a un uomo come lei, per cui ho tanta stima, una figura... non bella, via! non bella.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Usage notes

* When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad is used instead.
* When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms:
    a + article Combined form a + il al a + lo allo a + l' all' a + i ai a + gli agli a + la alla a + le alle

##### Descendants

* → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

a
* Misspelling of ha.

### Etymology 4

From Latin ac, alternative form of atque (“and, and also; as, then”).

#### Conjunction

a
* Only used in the words for the numbers 17 (diciassette) and 19 (diciannove)

#### References

* ↑ a in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Jamaican Creole
### Etymology

Compare French c’est. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Preposition

a
* Indicates location: at, in, on.
    a mi yaadat my home
* of
    Yunaitid Stiet a AmoerkaUnited States of America
* to
    Dem go a maakit. Mi a-go a skuul.They go to the market. I'm going to school.

### Verb

a
* to be
    Jumieka a wahn ailan konchri.Jamaica is an island country.
    Wi a api.We are happy.
    Mi a di tiicha.I am the teacher.
* As a copulative verb:
** (with there, or it) to exist.
    A tuu apruoch tu Ort sayans.There are two approaches to Earth science.
* As an auxiliary verb:
** Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect.

### Particle

a
* Habitual present tense marker.
    wan plies we dem a plie haki macha place where they play hockey matches
* Precedes a verb to mark the -ing form.
** 1968, Beryl Loftman Bailey, Jamaican Creole Language Course: (for English Speaking Students):Jan sidong de a laaf. Sta Kiet op de-a baalJohn sat there laughing Sister Kate is up there crying

### See also

* a-go

### Further reading

* a at majstro.com
* A Learner’s Grammar of Jamaican, The Open Grammar Project

## Japanese
### Romanization

a
* The hiragana syllable あ (a) or the katakana syllable ア (a) in Hepburn romanization.

## Jersey Dutch
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme): IPA: /ʊ/, /ɑ/

### Letter

a
* A letter of the Jersey Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Kabuverdianu
### Letter

a (uppercase A)
* The first letter of the Kabuverdianu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Kabyle
### Alternative forms

* agi
* agini

### Determiner

a
* this
    a rgaz athis man

## Kalasha
### Etymology

From Sanskrit अहम् (ahám).

### Pronoun

a (Arabic آ)
* I (1st-person personal pronoun)

#### See also

See Template:kls-personal pronouns.

## Kankanaey
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Tagalog a. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English a.

#### Pronunciation

* (letter) IPA: /ˈʔej/ [ˈʔei̯]
** Rhymes: -ej
* (phoneme) IPA: /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
** Rhymes: -a
** Syllabification: a

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ey and written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/kne.

### Etymology 2

Possibly borrowed from Ilocano a.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Kankanaey) IPA: /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a

#### Interjection

a
* hey!; eh!
    Synonym: ay

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Kankanaey) IPA: /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a

#### Noun

a
* act of getting
    Synonym: ala

##### Derived terms

* aan
* aen
* ia
* iaan
* man-a
* oma
* omia

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Kankanaey) IPA: /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a

#### Particle

a
* indicates polite, persuasive emphasis (used at the end of sentences)
    Kamán kan adí pinikpík mo? Pinikpík ko a.How come it seems like you didn't pat him? I patted him, all right.

##### See also

See Template:kne-particles.

### References

* Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎ (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11
* Morice Vanoverbergh (1933) “a”, in A Dictionary of Lepanto Igorot or Kankanay. As it is spoken at Bauco (Linguistische Anthropos-Bibliothek; XII)‎, Mödling bei Wien, St. Gabriel, Österreich: Verlag der Internationalen Zeitschrift „Anthropos“, →OCLC, page 1
* Allen, Larry (2021) “a”, in Kankanaey – English Dictionary, Summer Institute of Linguistics
* Janet L. Allen (2014) Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎ (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 164

## Kapampangan
### Ligature

a
* connects adjectives to nouns
    Romantiku a bengi.A romantic night.
    Pinakapalsintan a tau.The person I love the most.
    Mayap a abak.Good morning.
    Mayap a bengi.Good night.
    Dakal a salamat.Thank you very much.

### See also

* na

## Kari'na
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a]

### Interjection

a
* ah, aah

### References

* Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 213
* Yamada, Racquel-María (2010) “a”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎, University of Oregon, page 707

## Kashubian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa/
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a

### Etymology 1

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.

### Letter

a (lowercase, uppercase A)
* The first letter of the Kashubian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/csb.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a.

#### Conjunction

a
* and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)

#### Noun

a n (indeclinable)
* (music) a (note)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a.

#### Interjection

a
* interjection that expresses various emotions; ah!

### Further reading

* Stefan Ramułt (1893) “a”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 1
* Sychta, Bernard (1967) “a, a!”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 1
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “a”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎, volume 1, page 9
* “A, a”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
* “a!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

## Kayan
### Letter

a
* a the first letter of Kayan alphabet.

### Pronoun

a
* used for he, she, third person.

## K'iche'
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aː/

### Adjective

a
* masculine youth indicator

### Adverb

a
* (interrogatory) indicator of a question

### Pronoun

a
* your

### References

* Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary, page 7

## Koitabu
### Pronoun

a
* you (singular)

### References

* Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics

## Krisa
### Pronunciation

IPA: /a/

### Noun

a m
* pig
    Nana a doma.I shot your pig.

### References

* Donohue, Mark and San Roque, Lila. I'saka: a sketch grammar of a language of north-central New Guinea. (Pacific Linguistics, 554.) (2004).

## Ladin
### Etymology

From Latin a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Preposition

a
* in
* at
* to

#### Derived terms

* al
* ala
* ai
* ales

## Ladino
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish a (“unto”), from Latin ad (“to”).

### Preposition

a (Hebrew spelling אה)
* to (unto)
** 2019, Aki Yerushalayim:Era imposible de tornar atrás a los tiempos onde se eskrivia ladino kon letras ebreas.It was impossible to go back to when we wrote Ladino with Hebrew letters.
* at (on)
** 1940, La boz de Türkiye‎, numbers 11–34, page 78:La ciudad de Bursa es fraguada en amphitheatre a los pies del Olympe (Oulou Dağ) y abrasa una vaste y magnifica valle con un hermoso panorama.The city of Bursa has constructed an amphitheatre at the feet of Olympus and embraces a vast and wonderful valley with a beautiful panorama.

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Interjection

a (Hebrew spelling אה)
* what? yes? what is it?
* ugh!
** 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎, page 119:Alberto kontinuó a menear la kavesa en sinyo de dezaprovasión, sospirando: "A, komo se puede ser ansí!…"Albert kept shaking his head as a sign of disapproval, sighing, ‘Ugh, how can it be like this…!’

### References

* 1 2 “a”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Latgalian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. The source is not clear:
* Probably borrowed from a Slavic language (compare Russian а (a) and Belarusian а (a)).
* Alternatively, irregularly shortened from *ā, inherited from *ō.
Compare Lithuanian o.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈa]
* Hyphenation: a

### Conjunction

a f
* and, but

### References

* A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through Etruscan.

#### Pronunciation

(letter name):
* (Classical) IPA: /aː/, [äː]
* (Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a/, [äː]

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* (sometimes with littera) the first letter of the Latin alphabet.
    littera a ― the letter a

### Etymology 2

From Etruscan.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical) IPA: /aː/, [äː]
* (Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a/, [äː]

#### Noun

ā f (indeclinable)
* The name of the letter A.

##### Coordinate terms

* (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

### Etymology 3

Alternative form of ab by apocope (not used before a vowel or h).

#### Alternative forms

* à (earlier in New Latin)
* ab

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical) IPA: /aː/, [äː]
* (Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a/, [äː]

#### Preposition

ā (+ ablative)
* (indicating ablation) from, away from, out of
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:Gallōs ab Aquītānīs Garumna flūmen, ā Belgīs Matrona et Sēquana dīvidit.The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine (separate them) from the Belgae.
* (indicating ablation) down from
* (indicating agency: source of action or event) by, by means of
** 45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.2:Quamquam philosophiae quidem vituperātōribus satis respōnsum est eō librō, quō ā nōbīs philosophia dēfēnsa et collaudāta est, cum esset accūsāta et vituperāta ab Hortēnsiō.Although indeed to the vituperators of philosophy an adequate response is in that book, in which philosophy has been defended and highly praised by us [me], when it had been accused and vituperated by Hortensius.
* (indicating instrumentality: source of action or event) by, by means of, with
* (indicating association) to, with
** 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 1.77:Homō sum, hūmānī nihil ā mē aliēnum putō.I am a man; I consider nothing that is human alien to me.
* (indicating location) at, on, in
* (time) after, since

##### Usage notes

Used in conjunction with passive verbs to mark the agent.
* Liber ā discipulō aperītur.The book is opened by the student.

##### Derived terms

* a lacte cunisque

##### Descendants

* Italian: a
* → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)
* → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)

### Etymology 4

Expressive.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical) IPA: /aː/, [äː]
* (Ecclesiastical) IPA: /a/, [äː]

#### Interjection

ā
* ah

### Further reading

* “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* a in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* a, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

## Latvian
### Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a]
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Latvian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latvian letters) latviešu burti; Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

### Noun

a m (invariable)
* The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

#### See also

* (Latvian letter names) latviešu burtu vārdi; a, garais ā, bē, cē, čē, dē, e, garais ē, ef, gā, ģē, hā, i, garais ī, jē, kā, ķē, el, eļ, em, en, eņ, o, pē, er, es, eš, tē, u, garais ū, vē, zē, žē

### Further reading

* a on the Latvian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{lv}$

## Laz
### Determiner

a
* Latin spelling of ა (a)

### Letter

a
* The first letter of the Laz alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/lzz.

### Numeral

a
* Latin spelling of ა (a)

## Ligurian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Etymology 1
#### Article

a f sg (plural e)
* the

#### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Latin ad.

#### Preposition

a
* in
* at
* to
    Vàddo a câza. ― I'm going home. (literally, “I go to home.”)
* indicates the direct object, mainly to avoid confusion when it, the subject, or both are displaced, or for emphasis
    A mæ seu ghe fa mâ 'n bràsso. ― My sister's arm hurts. (literally, “To my sister an arm hurts.”)
    a + article Combined form a + o a-o a + a a-a a + i a-i a + e a-e

## Livonian
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ɑ/

### Letter

a (upper case A)
* The first letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/liv.

## Louisiana Creole
### Etymology

From French avoir (“to have”).

### Verb

a
* to have

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Letter

a (upper case A)
* The first letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
* The name of the Latin-script letter a/A.

### Conjunction

a
* and

### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/dsb.
* See Template:list:Latin script letter names/dsb.

### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “a”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “a”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

## Lushootseed
### Letter

a
* The second letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, pronounced as an open back unrounded vowel.

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: [e]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* (interjection): IPA: [a]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)

### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

### Interjection

a (Jawi spelling ا)
* Used to show excitement or to show agreement.
    A, macam itulah sepatutnya kaujawab!Yes, that's how you should answer!
* Used to express hesitation; er, uh.
    Synonym: er
    Dia ni, a, salah seorang Perdana Menteri Britain dulu.This guy is, er, one of Britain's Prime Ministers in the past.

### Further reading

* “a” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/ (short phoneme)
* IPA: /aː/ (long phoneme)

### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/mt.

## Mandarin
### Romanization

a (a$^5$ / a$^0$, Zhuyin ˙ㄚ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呵
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 啊
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 阿
a
* Nonstandard spelling of ā.
* Nonstandard spelling of á.
* Nonstandard spelling of ǎ.
* Nonstandard spelling of à.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Mandinka
### Pronoun

a
* he, him (personal pronoun)
    A m busa ― He/she struck me.
    Y a busa ― They struck him/her.
* she, her (personal pronoun)
* it (personal pronoun)

#### See also

See Template:mnk-personal pronouns.

## Maori
### Particle

a
* of
* (determinative particle for names)
* (particle for pronouns when succeeding ki, i, kei, and hei)

#### Usage notes

* When used in the sense of of, suggests that the possessor has control of the relationship (alienable possession).

## Mezquital Otomi
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à/

#### Interjection

a
* expresses satisfaction, pity, fright, or admiration

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* ʼa (obsolete)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à/, /ǎ/

#### Verb

a
* (transitive) wake, awaken

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Otomi *ʔɔ, from Proto-Otomian *ʔɔ.

#### Alternative forms

* ʼá (obsolete)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /á/, /ǎ/

#### Noun

a
* flea

##### Derived terms

* aꞌni
* mfoxꞌa

### References

* Andrews, Enriqueta (1950) Vocabulario otomí de Tasquillo, Hidalgo‎ (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 1
* Hernández Cruz, Luis, Victoria Torquemada, Moisés (2010) Diccionario del hñähñu (otomí) del Valle del Mezquital, estado de Hidalgo (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 45)‎ (in Spanish), second edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 3

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

### Noun

â f
* (rare) river, stream, water

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Descendants

* Dutch: a, Aa

### Further reading

* “a (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Article

a
* Alternative form of an (mainly preconsonantal)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

a
* (Late Middle English) Alternative form of I (“I”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronoun

a
* Alternative form of heo (“she”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronoun

a
* Alternative form of he (“he”)

### Etymology 5
#### Pronoun

a
* Alternative form of he (“they”)

### Etymology 6
#### Numeral

a
* (Northern, Early Middle English) Alternative form of oo (“one”)

## Middle French
### Etymology 1

From Old French a, from Latin ad.

#### Alternative forms

* à (after 1550)

#### Preposition

a
* to; towards

### Etymology 2

From Old French, from Latin habet.

#### Verb

a
* third-person singular present indicative of avoir

## Middle Irish
### Preposition

a (triggers eclipsis)
* Alternative form of i (“in”)

### Usage notes

See the Old Irish entry for all other etymologies and senses of a in Middle Irish.

## Middle Scots
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle English a

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Middle Scots alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle English a

#### Article

a
* a, an (indefinite article)
* With numbers (other than score, hundred, etc)

##### Usage notes

* This form can be used before consonant and vowels, compare an which also can be used before vowels (and h) but also before consonants.

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Middle English a

### Alternative forms

* aa

#### Interjection

a
* ah!

### Etymology 4

Inherited from Northern Middle English a

#### Numeral

a
* one

##### Alternative forms

* ae, ea

### Etymology 5

Inherited from Middle English a

#### Pronoun

a
* Alternative form of I (“first-person singular pronoun”)

### Further reading

* “a”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Middle Welsh
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Particle

a (triggers lenition)
* O (vocative particle)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Pronoun

a (triggers lenition)
* who, which, that

#### Particle

a (triggers lenition)
* inserted before the verb when the subject of direct object precedes it
** Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
    Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet a oed yn arglwyd ar seith cantref Dyuet.Pwyll Prince of Dyfed was lord of the seven cantrefs of Dyfed.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Particle

a (triggers lenition)
* used to introduce a direct question
* whether, used to introduce an indirect question

### Etymology 4

Reduction of o (“from”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Preposition

a
* used between a focused adjective and the noun it modifies
** Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
    bychan a dial oed yn lloski ni, neu yn dienydyaw am y mab(please add an English translation of this quotation)
       it will be small vengeance if we are burnt or put to death because of the child

### Etymology 5

From Old Welsh ha.

#### Alternative forms

* ac

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Conjunction

a (triggers aspiration)
* and

### Etymology 6
#### Alternative forms

* ac

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Preposition

a (triggers aspiration)
* with

### Etymology 7

From Proto-Celtic *ageti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-.

#### Alternative forms

* aa

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aː/

#### Verb

a
* third-person singular present indicative of mynet

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Middle Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Mòcheno
### Etymology

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, a”).

### Article

a (oblique masculine an)
* a, an

### References

* “a” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Mopan Maya
### Article

a
* the

### References

* Hofling, Charles Andrew (2011). Mopan Maya–Spanish–English Dictionary, University of Utah Press.

## Mountain Koiari
### Pronoun

a
* you (singular)

### References

* Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics

## Murui Huitoto
### Adverb

a
* Superseded spelling of aa.

### References

* Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎ (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 19

## Nauruan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ/

### Pronoun

a
* I (first person singular pronoun)
** 2000, Lisa M Johnson, Firstness of Secondness in Nauruan Morphology (overall work in English):
    a pudun1sing fall+Vn I fell
    a nuwawen1pers.sing. go+Vn I did go. (I left.)
    a kaiotien aem[1pers.sing.] [hear+Vn] [your words] I hear what you said.
    a nan imoren1pers.sing. FUT health+Vn I shall be cured (get better).

## Navajo
### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    a = /a˨/
    ą = /ã˨/
    á = /a˥/
    ą́ = /ã˥/
    aa = /aː˨˨/
    ąą = /ãː˨˨/
    áa = /aː˥˨/
    ą́ą = /ãː˥˨/
    aá = /aː˨˥/
    ąą́ = /ãː˨˥/
    áá = /aː˥˥/
    ą́ą́ = /ãː˥˥/

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/nv.

## Neapolitan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Etymology 1

From Latin de ab.

#### Preposition

a
* from (referring to a place)
* by (introducing the actor in the passive voice)
* to (implying necessity)

### Etymology 2

From Latin ad.

#### Preposition

a
* in (locative: staying in a place of relative width)
* to (locative: moving towards a place of relative width)
* to (dative)

## Nias
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

### Verb

a (imperfective manga)
* (transitive) to eat

### References

* Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905. Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 15.

## Norman
### Verb

a
* (Guernsey) third-person singular present indicative of aver

## North Frisian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a] (short vowel)
* IPA: [aː], (Sylt) [oː] (long vowel, spelt aa)

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### Usage notes

* Sylt Frisian ⟨aa⟩ was originally [ɔː], but has since merged with ⟨oo⟩. The letter ⟨ā⟩ is used for [aː]. The diphthongs ⟨ai, ia⟩ are both monophthongized to [ɛː] when followed by ⟨r⟩.
* In Föhr-Amrum Frisian, ⟨ai⟩ represents a lengthened diphthong [aːɪ̯] as if written ⟨*aai⟩. The short equivalent is ⟨ei⟩.

##### See also

* (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, đ, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z)

### Etymology 2
#### Article

a
* (Föhr-Amrum) the (masculine and all-gender plural definite article, reduced form)
    Coordinate terms: (full forms) de, dön

##### Usage notes

* For the alternative use of the form a with certain original feminines, see at.

##### Alternative forms

* e (Mooring)

##### See also

See Template:frr-Foehr-articles.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Latin a, from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through the Etruscan language, from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ), from Proto-Canaanite , from Proto-Sinaitic , from Egyptian 𓃾, representing the head of an ox.

#### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /ɑː/
* (phoneme): IPA: /ɑː/, /a/, (before u or in some Enɡlish loan words) [æ]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: a
* Homophones: A, à, A-, a-, ah

#### Letter

a (uppercase A)
* The first letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz, Ææ, Øø, Åå

#### Noun

a m (definite singular a-en, indefinite plural a-er, definite plural a-ene)
* the letter a, the first letter of the Norwegian alphabet
    fra A til B ― from A to B
    fra A til Å ― from A to Z
    har man sagt a, må man si b ― if you have said A, you should say B
** 1999, Lars Roar Langslet, I kamp for norsk kultur, page 234:bruken av a i bestemt form i hunkjønnsordthe use of a in the definite form of feminine words
* indicates the first or best entry of a list, order or rank
    Synonyms: A-, a-
    oppgang A ― apartment entrance A
    blodgruppe A ― blood group A
    førerkort i klasse A ― (motorcycle) driver's license in class A
    øl i klasse A ― beer in class A (with 0,0-0,7 volume percent alcohol)
    A post ― A post / priority mail
    A-aksje ― class A-share
    hepatitt A ― hepatitis A
** 1919, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede digter-verker I [Collected poetic works 1], page 454:[bokstavene begynte] at gaa sammen, to og to: a stod og hvilte under et træ, som hedte b[the letters began] to go together, two by two: a stood and rested under a tree called b
** 1920, Jonas Lie, Samlede Digterverker V, page 389:begynde paa Ø istedet for Astart with Ø instead of A
** 1886, Arne Garborg, Mogning og manndom I, page 172:jeg traf sammen med et par generalbanditter, gamle gutter, storartede ranglefanter, 1ste klasse 1 A med stjerne, deilige herremændI met a couple of general bandits, old boys, great revelers, 1st class 1 A with a star, lovely gentlemen
** 1939, Knut Hamsun, Artikler, page 99:historie er hvad A mener til forskel fra B, og hvad C igen mener til forskel baade fra A og B om den samme sagstory is what A thinks differently from B and what C again thinks differently from both A and B about the same case
* the highest grade in a school or university using the A-F scale
    få A til eksamenreceive an A on an exam
** 2019, Helene Uri, Stillheten etterpå, page 14:jeg har gode karakterer. Bare A-er og B-erI have good grades. Only A's and B's
* (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone
    A-durA major
    A-mollA minor
** 1944, Børre Qvamme, Musikk, page 10:synge en riktig A uten hjelp av et instrument eller stemmegaffelsing a correct A without the aid of an instrument or tuning fork
** 1973, Finn Havrevold, Avreisen, page 127:han slår énstrøken a på klaverethe strikes one stroke A on the piano
** 1997, Tove Nilsen, G for Georg, page 42:så gal at man virkelig tror at svaler er g-nøkler og bass-nøkler og a’er og c’er som svever rundt hverandre og lager konsert i himmelenso crazy that you really think swallows are g-keys and bass-keys and a's and c's floating around each other and making a concert in the sky
* (physics) symbol for ampere
* (physics) symbol for nucleon number
* (horology) symbol for avance
* symbol for anno
* short form of atom-
    Synonym: a-
    a-bombeatom bomb (a-bomb)

#### Derived terms

* a-form (“a-form”), a-infinitiv (“a-infinitive”), a-kjendis (“A-list celebrity”)

### Etymology 2

Abbreviation of atto- (“atto-”).

#### Symbol

a
* atto-, prefix for 10$^{−18}$ in the International System of Units.

### Etymology 3

Abbreviation of ar (“are”).

#### Symbol

a
* an are, a unit of area one hundredth of a hectare; ares
    Synonym: ar

### Etymology 4

From French à (“to, on, in”).

#### Preposition

a
* Alternative spelling of à

##### Alternative forms

* à

### Etymology 5

From Latin ā (“from, away from, out of”), alternative form of ab (“from, away from, out of, down from”).

#### Preposition

a
* (used in Latin expressions, before a consonant) from, of
    a posteriori, a prima vista, a priori, a tempo, a verbo, a viso, a vista

##### Alternative forms

* ab

### Etymology 6

From Italian a (“in, at, to”).

#### Preposition

a
* (used in Italian expressions, before a consonant) from, of, with
    a battuta, a cappella, a due, a dato, a konto
* weak form of av (of)

### Etymology 7

From Old Norse hana (“her”), accusative form of hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hān-), from a prefixed form of Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one; some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one; single”).

#### Pronoun

a
* (dialectal, used enclitically after a conjunction or subjunction) she
** 1948, Helge Krog, Skuespill I, page 43:jagu slår a ja. Og det så det kjens. Forleden dag ga hun meg en knallende ørefikshe can certainly punch. And so you feel it. The other day she gave me a popping slap to the ear
** 1989, Bergljot Hobæk Haff, Den guddommelige tragedie:hu kunne ikke henge på seg så mye som et enrada perlebånd, uten at a måtte skotte opp i skyene for å høre hva den aller høyeste menteshe could not put on as much as a single string of pearls, without having to shoot up into the clouds to hear what the very highest one meant
* (dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, she
** 1899, Sfinx, Vi og Voreses, page 45:hos Hansens laa dem te klokka var ni, og 10 var a mange ganger ogsaaat Hansen's they laid until nine o'clock, and 10 she was many times too
** 1954, Agnar Mykle, Lasso rundt fru Luna, page 476:hvor ligger a [duskeluen] henne?where is the hat?
    hvor er a katta di?
       where is your cat?
    Synonym: hun
* (dialectal, used enclitically) her; object form of hun (=she)
    hva gjorde du med a?
       what did you do to her?
** 1847–1868, Halfdan Kjerulf, Av hans efterladte papirer, page 245:jeg [skrev] klaverstykker … en lille scherzo med nordisk motiv … «gjenta» og «Jørgen Matros», som gjør kur til ’a og «Ola Spelman» som hun foretrækkerI [wrote] piano pieces… a small scherzo with a Nordic motif… «gjenta» and «Jørgen Matros», which makes cure for her and «Ola Spelman» which she prefers
** 1875, Alexander Erbe, Fra skjærgaarden, page 23:[klokkeren] skulle da koste paa a amen[the clockmaker] would then cost her amen
** 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden I, page 6:jeg kan da gjerne skjære litt mat til aI could happily cut some food for her
** 1931, Aksel Sandemose, En sjømann går i land, page 19:han stakk henne med kniven, riktig kylt’n midt i magan på ahe stabbed her with the knife, really threw in the middle of her stomach
** 2010, Helene Guåker, Kjør!:flere enn deg i hvert fall, di lørje, svarte jeg og så a midt i auamore than you at least, you skank, I answered and looked her in the eye
* (dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, her
    hvis katta stikker av, må du fange a!
       if the cat runs away, you need to catch her!
** 1895, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Over Ævne II, page 136:naar kjærka ikke kan holde arbejderne i ave [age], aa faen skal vi saa me’awhen the church can not keep the workers in duty, what the hell do we do with her then
    Synonym: henne
* (dialectal, used proclitically with a woman's name or female relation) she, her
** 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden V, page 96:ta a Guldborgconsider Guldborg
** 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden V, page 64:har du glemt a mammadid you forget about mom
** 2015, Rudolf Nilsen, Samlede dikt, page 88:a Paula kom plystrende hjemPaula came home whistling
** 2015 March 12, Gerd Nyland, “Fire år uten radio”, in Oppland Arbeiderblad‎, archived from the original on 2023-01-28:a tante Karen, mor hennes Reidun, hadde ordne med sengeplasser i stua, Booken på en divan og a Rita på flatseng på golvetaunt Karen, her mother Reidun, had arranged beds in the living room, Booken on a daybed and Rita on a flat bed on the floor

### Etymology 8

From Danish ah (“oh”), likely from German ach (“oh”), from Middle High German ach, from Old High German ah. Also see ah and akk.

#### Interjection

a
* expression of surprise or horror
    a, for noe tøv!oh, such nonsense!
** 1888, Herman Colditz, Kjærka, et Atélierinteriør:a, det er bare noe drit til han terracottaenoh, that is just some crap for that terracotta guy
* expression of admiration or happiness
    a, det gjorde godt!oh, that felt good!
** 1897, Fridtjof Nansen, Fram over Polhavet I, page 345:a, kunde vi bare gi «Fram» slige vingeroh, if only we could give "Fram" wings like that
* used with the words yes and no to give a sense of impatience or rejection
    a jo, men hold nå fred!oh yes, but keep quiet now
** 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Fru Inger til Østråt, page 99:a nej, det kan være det sammeoh no, it does not matter
** 1874–1878, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Brytnings-år I, page 25:a ja, lad Schirmer tegne staburetoh yes, let Schirmer draw the storehouse
** 1988, Arild Nyquist, Giacomettis forunderlige reise:verden er vakker, bestemor. Selv når det regner og blåser. A ja da.the world is beautiful, grandma. Even when it's raining and windy. Oh yes.

### Etymology 9

Mostly likely from Norwegian ad (“against, on”), from Danish ad (“by, at”), from Old Danish at, from Old Norse at (“at, to”), from Proto-Germanic *at (“at, toward, to”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”).

#### Interjection

a
* expression of anger or sorrow, especially with a personal pronoun
    uff a meg!
       oh, my!
    huff a meg!
       oh, no!

##### Alternative forms

* å

### References

* “a” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “a” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
* “a” in Store norske leksikon
* a on the Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nb}$

### Anagrams

* A, A-, a-

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑː/

#### Letter

a (lowercase, uppercase A)
* The first letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz, Ææ, Øø, Åå

#### Noun

a m (definite singular a-en, indefinite plural a-ar, definite plural a-ane)
* the letter a

### Etymology 2
#### Interjection

a
* ah!
    Synonyms: ah, å

### Etymology 3

From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.

#### Preposition

a
* (dialect) alternative form of av
** c. 1700, Sigurd Kolsrud, quoting Jacob Rasch, “Eldste nynorske bibeltekst: Jacob Rasch c. 1700”, in Syn og Segn, volume 56, published 1950, page 110:fre a Gud okka far aa Jesu Christo den herræ.peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

### References

* “a” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* a on the Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nn}$

## Nupe
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (phoneme): IPA: /a/, (after /n/ or /m/) /ã/

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/nup.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à/

#### Particle

à
* not (placed at the end of a clause to negate it)
    Mi de eshìgi à, mi ma de dàǹgi à. ― I don't have a dog, and I don't have a cat.

### Etymology 3

Clipping of lá

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /á/

#### Particle

á
* Marks the perfective aspect, for actions that are completed

##### Usage notes

á, which is derived from the verb lá (“to take”), functions like a verb so that the word order in the present perfect tense is that of a serial verb construction.
* Musa shi dùkùn ― Musa bought a pot
* Musa á dùkùn shi. ― Musa has bought a pot. (literally, “Musa took a pot to buy”)

### Etymology 4

Clipping of gà

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à/

#### Particle

à
* Used to express the future tense (placed before verbs)
    A à lá èbi be nakàn ― They will use a knife to cut the meat

## Nǀuu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ/

### Pronoun

a
* this
    Synonym: aha
* you (sg.)
    Synonym: gǀa
    a aa ayou get this
Nǀuu personal pronouns :
| | | | Western dialect | Western dialect | Western dialect | Eastern dialect | Eastern dialect | Eastern dialect |
| | | | A-form | Simple | Click | A-form | Simple | Click |
| 1st | singular | singular | na | ng | nǀng | nya | ng | nǀng |
| 1st | plural | inclusive | ca | i | gǀi | ca | i | gǀi |
| 1st | plural | Exclusive | sa | si | / | sa | si | / |
| 2st | Singular | Singular | a | a | gǀa | a | a | gǀa |
| 2st | Plural | Plural | ba | u | gǀu | ba | u | gǀu |
| 3st | singular | | kua | ku | / | kua | ku | / |
| 3st | singular | H-form | ha | ha | / | ha | ha | / |
| 3st | plural | | kina | kin | / | kina | kin | / |
| 3st | plural | H-form | hna | hn / hng | / | hna | hn / hng | / |
| Indefinite | Indefinite | Indefinite | ǂa | ǂi | / | ǂa | ǂi | / |
| Click form: The form used in the question starts with the first or second personal pronouns. It can also be used before the linker(ng). A-form: The form used in declarative sentence. H-form: The form often used in possessors, especially stories. ||||||||||||||

### Determiner

a
* your (sg.)
    A ka ǃu ke ǀxaqukayour shoes are beautiful
* this

### References

* Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary.
* Shah, Sheena, and Matthias Brenzinger. Ouma Geelmeid ke kx’u ǁxaǁxa Nǀuu. Cape Town: CALDi, University of Cape Town. 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17432.
* Collins, C., & Namaseb, L. (2011). A Grammatical Sketch of N|uuki with Stories. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
* "IOL Castletown 2022 - Solution". IOL 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2025.
* Güldemann, Tom. “"Back to normal?" - ditransitives in the Tuu family.” (2007).

## Occitan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/
* Audio (Béarn):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Latin ad.

#### Preposition

a
* to
* at

##### Derived terms

* al, als

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

a f (plural as)
* a (the letter a)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

a
* third-person singular present indicative of aver

## Old Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈa/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈa/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.

#### Interjection

a
* ah!

##### Descendants

* Czech: a

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.

#### Particle

a
* Connective, contrasitve particle; and
* then, as, if
* yes, of course

#### Conjunction

a
* and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
* and, but, whereas (used contrastively)

##### Descendants

* Czech: a

### References

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “a”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old Danish
### Alternative forms

* aa (Jutlandic)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑː/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

#### Noun

ā (genitive ār, plural ār)
* (Scania) stream, river

##### Descendants

* Danish: å

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ana.

#### Preposition

ā
* (Scania) on, in, at

##### Descendants

* Danish: på

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

ā
* first/third-person singular present indicative of ēgha

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ahu.

### Noun

ā f
* river, stream, water

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Alternative forms

* aha

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: â
** Dutch: a, Aa

#### Further reading

* “ā, ē”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* āwa, āwo, ō

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiw, from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz (“eternity, age”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑː/

### Adverb

ā
* ever, always

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “Á”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ā f
* Alternative form of ǣ: law

#### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “á”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ/

#### Preposition

a
* Alternative form of on: to, in

#### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “a”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Old French
### Etymology 1
#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Old French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### Etymology 2

From Latin ad.

#### Alternative forms

* ad
* à (not in manuscripts; occasionally used by scholars to differentiate between the preposition and the verb form)

#### Preposition

a
* to
* towards
* belonging to
    fil a putain ― son of a whore

##### Derived terms

* al
* au
* aux

##### Descendants

* French: à
** → Danish: à
** → Dutch: à
** → German: à
** → Hungarian: à
** → Norwegian Bokmål: à, a
** → Swedish: à

### Etymology 3
#### Alternative forms

* ad

#### Verb

a
* third-person singular present indicative of avoir

### Etymology 4

From Latin ab.

#### Adverb

a
* by, by means of

## Old Frisian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *ahu, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂ (“water”).

#### Alternative forms

* ē

#### Noun

ā f
* water

##### Descendants

* North Frisian: ia
* Saterland Frisian: Äi
* West Frisian: ie

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *auwju, from Proto-Germanic *awjō, originally a substantive adjective of *ahwō (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂.

#### Noun

ā f
* island

##### Descendants

* Saterland Frisian: Äi

### Etymology 3
#### Adverb

ā
* in any case, under all circumstances
* every time, whenever

### Etymology 4
#### Preposition

a
* in, to, at

##### Derived terms

* thera

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin ad (“toward, to”).

#### Preposition

a
* to; towards
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 14 (facsimile):
    fugiu con el a Egipto. terra de Reẏ faraon.
       ran away with him to Egypt. land of King pharaoh.

#### Descendants

* Fala: a
* Galician: a
* Portuguese: a
** Indo-Portuguese: a

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Article

a f
* Alternative spelling of á

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *sosim (“this”).

#### Alternative forms

* (relative pronoun): an

#### Article

a
* nominative/accusative singular neuter of in
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

#### Pronoun

a (triggers eclipsis, takes a leniting relative clause using a deuterotonic or absolute verb form)
* that which, what
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

##### Descendants

* Irish: a
* Scottish Gaelic: a

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 in (definite article)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Conjunction

a (triggers eclipsis, takes a nasalizing relative clause)
* when
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Celtic *esyo (m and n), *esyās (f), and *ēsom (pl), from Proto-Indo-European *ésyo, genitive singular of *ís and *íd; compare Welsh ei (“his, her, its”), eu (“their”); Old High German iro (“their”); and Sanskrit अस्य (asyá, “his, its”), अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”), and एषाम् (eṣā́m, “their”).

#### Alternative forms

* á, ha

#### Determiner

a (predicative aí or áe) (triggers lenition in the masculine and neuter singular, an unwritten prothetic /h/ before a vowel in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural)
* his, its
* her, its
* their
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

##### Descendants

* Irish: a (“his, her, its, their”)
* Scottish Gaelic: a (“his, her, its”); an (“their”)

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 a (‘his, her, their’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 4

From Proto-Celtic *ā (compare Welsh a), from Proto-Indo-European *ō (compare Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), Latin ō).

#### Alternative forms

* á

#### Particle

a (triggers lenition)
* O (vocative particle)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

##### Descendants

* Irish: a
* Scottish Gaelic: a

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 a (vocative particle)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 5
#### Particle

a (triggers an unwritten prothetic /h/ before a vowel)
* introduces a numeral
    a deich ― ten

##### Descendants

* Irish: a
* Scottish Gaelic: a

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 a (particle used before numerals)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 6

From Proto-Celtic *exs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

#### Preposition

a (combined with plural article asnaib, combined with 1st singular possessive determiner asmo, combined with 3rd person possessive determiner assa)
* out of
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

##### Related terms

* ess-

##### Descendants

* Irish: as
* Manx: ass
* Scottish Gaelic: à

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “7 a (‘out of’)]]”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /a/
* IPA: (15th CE) /a/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a. First attested in the first half of 14th century.

#### Interjection

a
* ah! (used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something)

##### Descendants

* Polish: a
* Silesian: a

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. First attested in the first half of 14th century.

#### Conjunction

a
* and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
* and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
* and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
* emphasizes a question
* introduces a new sentences

##### Related terms

* ale
* ali

##### Descendants

* Polish: a
* Silesian: a

### References

* Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “a”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
* Mańczak, Witold (2017) “a”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
* Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “a”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “a”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
* K. Nitsch, editor (1953), “a”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 1
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “a”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “a, ha”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
* Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “a”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
* Wanda Decyk-Zięba, Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa, Stanisław Dubisz, Zygmunt Gałecki, Justyna Garczyńska, Halina Karaś, Alina Kępińska, Anna Pasoń, Izabela Stąpor, Barbara Taras, Izabela Winiarska-Górska (2008) “a”, in Wanda Decyk-Zięba, Stanisław Dubisz, editors, Glosariusz staropolski - dydaktyczny słownik etymologiczny [Old Polish Glossary - Didactic Etymological Dictionary] (in Polish), Warszawa: Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, →ISBN, page 1

## Old Spanish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin ad (“to”).

#### Preposition

a
* To; unto; indicates an indirect object; sometimes untranslated.
** c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, page f. 1r.:[R]emont por la gracia de dios. arçobispo de Toledo. a don almeric. arçidiano de antiochia con grant amor ſalut ⁊ amidtad. […] a qui reſpódio el arcidiano El mẏo ſénor dó remont. arçobispo de Toledo. El to clerigo almerich. aRçidiano de antiochẏa. réde gŕas adios & atẏ.Remont, by the Grace of God archbishop of Toledo, to master Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, with great love, haleness and goodwill. […] To this the archdeacon responded thus, “My lord, master Remont, archbishop of Toledo, your cleric Almerich, archdeacon of Antioch, gives thanks to God and to you”.
** c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 118v:Et dixieron los ſabios en el libro de las piedras que la uerde atal uirtut. que quien la engaſtonare en ſortija. la traxiere conſigo. nõ aura la enfermedat a que dizen ydropiſia.And in the Book of Stones the wise men claimed that the green stone possesses such virtue that he who mounts it on a ring and has it with him will not suffer from the illness they call dropsy.

#### Alternative forms

* á, à

#### Descendants

* Ladino: a, אה
* Spanish: a

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

a
* third-person singular present indicative of aver

### Etymology 3

Onomatopoeic

#### Interjection

a
* ah! Indicates admiration, surprise, or sorrow.

#### References

* Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946) “a”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume I, Chapel Hill, page 1

## Old Swedish
### Alternative forms

* ᛆ

### Etymology

From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aː/

### Noun

ā f
* creek, river

### Declension
#### Descendants

* Swedish: å

### References

* å in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Omaha-Ponca
### Noun

a
* arm

### References

* Omaha Ponca digital dictionary

## Ometepec Nahuatl
### Noun

a
* water

## Oromo
### Noun

a (plural aa)
* The first letter of the Oromo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Palauan
### Etymology 1

From Pre-Palauan *a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a.

#### Article

a
* a, the

### Etymology 2

From Pre-Palauan *a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a, from Proto-Austronesian *a.

#### Conjunction

a
* linking particle

## Papiamentu
### Etymology 1
#### Letter

a (lower case upper case, A)
* The first letter of the Papiamentu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### Etymology 2
#### Particle

a
* Indicates the past tense.
    Mi a papia kuné. ― I talked to him.

### Etymology 3

From Portuguese a.

#### Preposition

a
* to
* by
* at

##### Usage notes

* Only used in set expressions from Spanish.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈa/
* (Masovia):
** (Ostróda) IPA: /ˈa/
** (Warmia) IPA: /ˈa/
** (Masuria) IPA: /ˈa/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Audio 3:(file)
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a
* Homophones: a-, -a

### Etymology 1

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.

#### Letter

a (lowercase, uppercase A)
* The first letter of the Polish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    małe a ― a minuscule/small/little a
    duże a ― a capital/big/large a

##### See also

* see other Polish letters

### Etymology 2

First attested in 1551. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

a n (indeclinable)
* a, near-open central vowel
    samogłoska a ― the vowel a
    powiedzieć a ― to say a
* (music) a (note)
    zagrać a ― to play an a
    zaśpiewać a ― to sing an a

#### Related terms

* akanie

### Etymology 3

Abbreviation of ar.

#### Noun

a m inan
* (metrology) Abbreviation of ar.

### Etymology 4

Inherited from Old Polish a.

#### Conjunction

a
* and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
    A ty? ― And you?
    Wolisz tabletki, a ja wolę zastrzyki. ― You prefer pills whereas I prefer injections.
* and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
    walka między dobrem a złem ― battle between good and evil
* and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
    Poszukasz, a znajdziesz. ― If you seek it, then you shall find it.
* and (used after a verb to indicate it will last a long time)
    pracować a pracować ― to work and work (for a long time)
* such and such (used when the speaker does not want to be more specific, when repeating an element)
* is (used to show some connection between two objects which are very different from each other)
* what about
    Ja jestem gotowy, a ty? ― I'm ready, what about you?

##### Derived terms

* atoli
* ażeby

##### Related terms

* ale
* ali

### Etymology 5

Inherited from Old Polish a.

#### Interjection

a
* ah! (used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something)

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), a is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 555 times in scientific texts, 307 times in news, 507 times in essays, 703 times in fiction, and 1175 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3226 times, making it the 13th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “a”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 1

### Further reading

* a in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* a in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* “A”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2022 May 31
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 1
* Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “a”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 107-109

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation
#### letter

* IPA: /a/
* Homophone: à (Brazil)
* Hyphenation: a
* Audio:(file)

#### article, pronoun

* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /a/
* Hyphenation: a

### Etymology 1

From Latin a, form of A, from Etruscan 𐌀 (a), from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from Egyptian 𓃾.

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

#### Noun

a m (plural as)
* Alternative spelling of á

##### Related terms

* with diacritics: ã, â, à, á

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin illa (with the disappearance of an initial l; compare Spanish la).

#### Article

a
* feminine singular of o
** 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 219:Então, como foi a última festinha de Slughorn?So, how was the last Slughorn's little party?
** 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 147:Entregou a foto rasgada, [...]He handed over the torn photograph, [...]

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

##### See also

See Template:Portuguese articles.

#### Pronoun

a f (third-person singular)
* her, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ela)
    Encontrei-a na rua. ― I met her/it on the street.

##### Usage notes

* Becomes -la after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos (“us”) and vos (“plural you”), and the adverb eis (“here is; behold”); the final letter causing the change disappears.
    After ver (“to see”): Posso vê-la? — “May I see her/it?”
    After pôs (“he/she/it put”): Ele pô-la ali. — “He put her/it there.”
    After fiz (“I made; I did”): Fi-la ficar contente. — “I made her/it become happy.”
    After nos (“us”): Ela deu-no-la relutantemente. — “She gave her/it to us reluctantly.”
    After eis (“here is; behold”): Ei-la! — “Behold her/it!”
* Becomes -na after a nasal vowel or diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].
    Detêm-na como prisioneira. — “They detain her/it as a prisoner.”
* In informal Brazilian Portuguese, the nominative form ela (“she”) is more commonly used.
    Eu a vi. → Eu vi ela.: “I saw her/it.”

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

##### See also

See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for more.

### Etymology 3

From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”) and ab (“from, away, by”).

#### Preposition

a
* to, introduces the indirect object
    Synonym: para
    Dê-o a mim. ― Give it to me.
    Meu coração pertence a você. ― My heart belongs to you.
** 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 143:Deixe-me mostrar a você...Let me show it to you...
** 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 516:Não é bonito dizer isso a uma pessoa.It's not nice to say that to a person.
* to; towards, indicates destination
    Synonyms: para, até
    Vamos a Paris! ― Let’s go to Paris!
* away, indicates a physical distance
    A vila fica a onze milhas ― The village is eleven miles away.
    Comunicação à distância. ― Communication at a distance.
* with; by means of, using as an instrument or means
    Synonyms: com, por meio de
    Mataram o cão a pauladas. ― They bludgeoned the dog to death. (literally, “they killed the dog with bludgeonings”)
    A cavalo. ― On horseback.
    Livro escrito a lápis. ― A book written with a pencil.
* with; on, using as a medium or fuel
    Quadro pintado a óleo. ― A painting painted with oil.
    Fornalha a carvão. ― Coal furnace.
* by, using the specified measurement; in the specified quantity
    É mais barato comprar comida ao quilo. ― It is cheaper to by food by the kilogram.
    Os fracassos ocorrem às dezenas. ― Failures occur by the dozen.
* (preceded and followed by the same word) by, indicates a steady progression
    Synonym: por
    Calma lá. Resolva o problema passo a passo. ― Easy there. Solve the problem step by step.
* in the style or manner of; a la
    Synonym: ao modo de
    Ele puxou o temperamento ao pai. ― He inherited his temperament from his father.
    Camarão à grega. ― Greek-style shrimp.
* (limited use, see usage notes) at, during the specified period
    Synonyms: em, de
    Dormimos à noite. ― We sleep at night.
    O filme começa às duas horas. ― The film starts at two o’clock.
* (rare except in set terms) at; in, indicates a location or position
    Synonym: em
    Isto fica à frente do altar. ― This stays in front of the altar.
* indicates the direct object, mainly to avoid confusion when it, the subject, or both are displaced, or for emphasis
    A mim ele não engana. ― He doesn’t deceive me. (literally, “To me he doesn’t deceive.”)
* (Portugal, followed by a verb in the infinitive form) forms the present participle
    Estou a preparar a canja. ― I am preparing the chicken soup.
* (followed by an infinitive or present passive) to, forms the future participle
    Synonyms: para, por
    Um trabalho a ser feito. ― A job to be done.
    Nada a fazer. ― Nothing to be done.

##### Usage notes

When followed by a definite article, a is combined with the article to give the following combined forms:
* a + o → ao
* a + os → aos
* a + a → à
* a + as → às
In the sense of to (introducing the indirect object) usage with a personal pronoun can be replaced with an indirect pronoun (me, nos, te, vos, lhe, lhes):
* Deram um livro a ele. → Deram-lhe um livro.
In the sense of at (during the specified period) it can be used with:
* noite (“night”)
* noitinha (“evening”)
* tarde (“afternoon”)
* meio-dia (“noon”)
* meia-noite (“midnight”)
* specific hours
Dia (“day”), manhã (“morning”), madrugada (“early morning”) use de (“of”) instead, which can optionally be used for tarde, noitinha and noite as well. Names of months, days of the month and of the week use em (“in”).

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

##### Descendants

* Indo-Portuguese: a

##### See also

* em
* para

### Etymology 4
#### Interjection

a
* (text messaging) Alternative spelling of ah
    A, tudo bem então.Oh, all right then.

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

### Etymology 5

From homophone há.

#### Verb

a
* Misspelling of há.

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

### Etymology 6

From homophone à.

#### Contraction

a
* Misspelling of à.

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

## Rapa Nui
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa/
* Hyphenation: a

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *a. Cognates include Maori a and Tongan ʻa.

#### Article

a
* the personal article, used before proper nouns

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *a. Cognates include Hawaiian ā and Maori ā.

#### Preposition

a
* along, towards

### References

* Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎, Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 102

## Rawang
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ/

### Suffix

a
* verbal suffix for marking benefactive of the V.

### Pronoun

a (upper case A)
* proximate demonstrative pronoun
    Alòng èlámò.Dry this one.
    Ló webǿng nàí baqòé, ngàí abǿng bakngò lé" wa.Well, you carry that side, I will carry this side.
    A wedø nø bvttut mvjòǃOh, it is absolutely wrong to do (it) that way.

## Romagnol
### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Alternative forms

* à

#### Pronunciation

   * (Central Romagnol): IPA: [ˈaɐ̯]
      * (Ville Unite):
         * (San Zaccaria): IPA: [ˈaɐ]

#### Verb

a
* third-person singular/plural present indicative of avér (“to have”)

### Etymology 2

From Latin ego.

#### Pronoun

a (plural a)
* (Ville Unite) I
* (Ville Unite) plural of a (“we”)
* (Ville Unite) plural of te (“you”)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin ad, a (“to, toward”).

#### Preposition

a
* to; at

## Romani
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Etymology 1
#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/rom.

### Etymology 2
#### Interjection

a
* oh, ah

### References

* Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “a”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 134

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Romanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin script letters) Aa, Ăă, Ââ, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Îî, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Șș, Tt, Țț, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

### Etymology 1
#### Article

a
* feminine singular of al (“of”, possessive article)

### Etymology 2

From Latin ad, from Proto-Indo-European *ád (“near; at”).

#### Preposition

a
* (used with infinitive verbs) the infinitive marker: to
    a fi ― to be
* (obsolete) at (now almost completely replaced by la)
* (used only with a few perception verbs like suna, mirosi, arăta) like, of

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Romanian, from a late Vulgar Latin *ae(t), from Latin habet.

#### Verb

(el/ea) a (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with past participles to form perfect compus tenses)
* modal auxiliary
    (he/she) has...
       A văzut acest film?Has he/she seen this film?

##### Usage notes

a is used instead of are to form the third-person singular perfect compus.

### References

* ↑ http://www.lingv.ro/RRL%201-2%202009%20Nevaci,%20Todi.pdf

## Sardinian
### Etymology 1

From Latin ac, alternative form of atque (“and, and also; as, then”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word) in senses 1 and 2)

#### Conjunction

a
* (Nuorese) Only used in che a (“like, as”)
* (Campidanese) Only used in tottu a and a tottu
* used in the words for the numbers 17 and 19
** (Logudorese) Only used in degasette (“seventeen”)
** (Campidanese) Only used in dexasetti (“seventeen”) and degannoi (“nineteen”)
** (Nuorese) Only used in decassette (“seventeen”) and decannobe (“nineteen”)

### Etymology 2

From Latin ad from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”).

#### Alternative forms

* ad (used before vowel-initial words)
* an (Nuorese, before words starting with d-)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Logudorese, Nuorese) /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word))
* IPA: (Campidanese) /a/ (often does not trigger final cogemination)

#### Preposition

a
* indicates the indirect object; to
* indicates the place; in, to
* denotes the manner; with
    a pe' (Logudorese) ― on foot

### Etymology 3

From Latin aut (“or”), from Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), derived from *h₂ew (“away from, off”). Doublet of o.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word))

#### Conjunction

a
* (central Sardinia) Used to introduce a question or an exhortation
    a benis? ― are you coming?
    a nos pasamos! ― Let's rest!

##### Usage notes

* Used in expressions such as a chie ... a chie ... (Logudorese, Nuorese) and a chini ... a chini ... (Campidanese)
    a chie ridet, a chie pranghet (Nuorese) ― one laughs, the other one cries (literally, “[there's] who laughs, [there's] who cries”)
** In these expressions, e can be used instead of a, though it's not common.

##### Derived terms

* annò

### References

* Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a$^1$”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
* Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a$^2$”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
* Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a$^3$”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

## Sassarese
### Alternative forms

* ad (before a vowel)

### Etymology

From Latin ad, from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Preposition

a
* Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action; to, sometimes untranslated
* Used to indicate destination; to
* Used to indicate purpose; to
* Used with adverbs expressing position or proximity; to, sometimes untranslated
* Used to indicate a moment in time; at
* Used to indicate a period of time; in
* in, about, with regard to
* Used to indicate a comparison; to
* Denotes the direct object
* Indicates manner.
* Indicates shape.
* Used to introduce a question.

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

### References

* Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

## Satawalese
### Pronunciation

IPA: /a/

### Pronoun

a (third-person singular)
* he
* she
* it

### References

Kevin M. Roddy (2007), "A Sketch Grammar Of Satawalese, The Language Of Satawal Island, Yap State, Micronesia"

## Scots
### Etymology 1
#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Scots alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Ȝ ȝ

### Etymology 2

From Middle English a, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ə]

#### Article

a
* a, an (indefinite article)

##### Usage notes

* Unlike English, this form can be used before both consonant and vowel sounds. However, this is not often the case in written Scots, probably due to the influence of English.

##### Synonyms

* (before a vowel): an

#### References

* ↑ https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/a_indef_art
* “a, indef. art.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 3
#### Determiner

a
* Alternative form of a'

#### Adverb

a
* Alternative form of a'

#### Noun

a (uncountable)
* Alternative form of a'

#### References

* “a, adj., adv.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (etymologies 2–8) /ə/, (etymologies 1 and 9) /a/
* Hyphenation: a

### Etymology 1
#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is followed by b. Its traditional name is ailm (“elm”).

##### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/gd.

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *ā. Cognates include Irish a and Welsh a.

#### Particle

a (triggers lenition)
* Used to mark a vocative; O
    Halò, a Ruairidh. ― Hello, (O) Roderick.

### Etymology 3

From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

#### Determiner

a
* (triggers lenition) his, its
* (triggers H-prothesis) her, its

##### See also

See Template:gd-possessive determiners.

### Etymology 4

From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

#### Pronoun

a (governs the relative form of the verb)
* who, which, that
    Cuin a chluinneas tu e? ― When will you hear it? (literally, “When [is it] that you will hear it?”)

### Etymology 5

From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

#### Particle

a (triggers H-prothesis)
* Used before cardinal numbers not succeded by a noun
    A bheil agad a ceithir? ― Do you have four?

### Etymology 6

From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

#### Particle

a (triggers lenition)
* Used to mark the infinitive of a verb; to
    Tha mi a' dol a chadal. ― I'm going to sleep.

### Etymology 7

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Preposition

a (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels)
* Reduced form of do
* Reduced form of de

### Etymology 8

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Particle

a (triggers lenition)
* Form of an used before bheil

##### Usage notes

* Less frequently, am may be used before bheil as well.

### Etymology 9
#### Interjection

a!
* ah!

##### Alternative forms

* à

### References

* MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “a”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN
* Colin Mark (2003) The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 1
* Edward Dwelly (1911) “a”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The 1st letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), followed by b.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”).

#### Conjunction

a (Cyrillic spelling а)
* but, and (compare ȁli)
    Učio sam c(ij)elo posl(ij)epodne, a ništa nisam naučio. ― I studied for the whole afternoon, but I didn't learn anything.
    A kako biste vi to napravili? ― And how would you do that?
* while (on the contrary), whereas
    Stolovi su crveni, a stolice su zelene. ― The tables are red, whereas the chairs are green.
* (with da ne) without (usually after negative verbs)
    Ne mogu se uključiti u raspravu, a da ne napravim nered. ― I cannot enter a discussion without making a mess.
    Odlazi, a da nije rekao ni zbogom. ― He's leaving without even saying goodbye.
* (a ȉpāk) and yet
    Pravi prijatelj zna sve o tebi, a ipak te voli. ― The real friend knows everything about you, and yet he loves you.
* (a kȁmoli) not to mention, let alone
    U moru loših v(ij)esti teško je ostati objektivan, a kamoli optimističan. ― In the sea of bad news it's hard to stay objective, let alone optimistic.
* (a + i + da) even if
    A i da jesam to napravio, ne bi to učinilo neku razliku. ― Even if I did it, it wouldn't have made much of a difference.
* (a + i) and so, and also, and too
    Sviđaju mi se plavuše, a i ja se pokojoj svidim. ― I like blondes, and some of them even like me.
    Bili su žalosni, a i ja sam. ― They were sad, and so am I.

### Etymology 3

Attested since the 15th century. Probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Slovene a, Russian а (a), Lithuanian õ, Latin ō and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). These could all derive from Proto-Indo-European interjection *ō (“oh, ah”), but each form in individual languages could easily be an independent, expressive formation.

#### Interjection

a (Cyrillic spelling а)
* oh, ah
    a da? ― oh really?

### References

* “a”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “a”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* Skok, Petar (1971) “a”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 1

## Sicilian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/
* Audio (Eastern Sicilian):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Latin ā (the name of the letter A).

#### Noun

a f
* The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.; a

### Etymology 2

From the lenition of la, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa.

#### Article

a f sg (m u, plural i)
* the (feminine singular definite article)
    Synonym: la

##### Usage notes

* As for other Romance languages, such as Neapolitan or Portuguese, Sicilian definite articles have undergone a consonant lenition that has led to the phonetic fall of the initial l. The use of this illiquid variant has not yet made the use of liquid variants disappear, but today it is still the prevalent use in speech and writing.
* In the case of the production of literary texts, such as singing or poetry, or of formal and institutional texts, resorting to "liquid articles" and "liquid articulated prepositions" confers greater euphony to the text, although it may sound a form of courtly recovery.
* Illiquid definite articles can be phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancina (liquid) and ârancina (illiquid).

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3

From the lenition of la, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa.

#### Alternative forms

* la (liquid form)

#### Pronoun

a f sg (plural i, masculine u)
* (accusative) her
    Synonym: la
    A canusci? ― Do you know her?
* (accusative) it, this or that thing
    Synonym: la
    Quannu tâ desi. ― When I gave it to you.

##### Usage notes

* This pronoun can blend in contracted forms with other particles, especially other personal pronominal particles.

##### Inflection
### Etymology 4

From the merge of Latin ad and ab.

#### Preposition

a
* indicates the indirect object; to
    Porta stu panaru â nanna.Bring this basket to grandma.
    Ê jatti ci piàciunu i pisci.Cats like fish.(literally, “Fish are pleasable to cats.”)
    E mû dumanni a mìa?You're asking that to me?
* indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used; in, to
    Jemu â casa?Can we go home?(literally, “Can we go to the home?”)
    Cchiui staju a Palermu, a Ruma cci tornu dumani.I'm in Palermo now, I'll go back to Rome tomorrow.
* denotes the manner; with
    a pedi, a muzzu ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* denotes the direct object, but only if it's not preceded by articles
    Chiama a Paulu.Call Paolo.
    E nun ni vidisti cchiui a nuiautri?And you didn't see us?the "us" here is repeated twice for emphasis
    Ascutassi a mìa, signù!Listen to me, ma'am!

##### Usage notes

* When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad (also rhotacized as ar) is used instead.
* When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms:
    a + article Combined form a + u ô a + lu a lu a + a â a + la a la a + i ê a + li a li

#### See also

See Template:scn-articled prepositions.

### Etymology 5
#### Verb

a
* Misspelling of àvi.

## Silesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a

### Etymology 1

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.

### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ã ã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ǒ ǒ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish a.

#### Conjunction

a
* and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
    Stołech ze stołka a siech wziōn za pomywanie.I got up from the chair and got to washing up.
* and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
    Mama sōm przedŏwŏczka a tata sōm elektrykŏrz.My mum is a saleswoman while my dad is an electrician.
* and then (used to say an event will occur once some requirement is fulfilled)
    Piyrwyj sie pōdã wartko szpluchnyć a potym zōndã do sklepu.First I'll take a quick bath and then I'll go to the shop.
* and, how come (used for clarification)
    A czamu pytŏsz?How come you ask?

#### Particle

a
* intensifies agreement

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Polish a, from Proto-Slavic *a.

#### Interjection

a
* interjection that expresses various emotions; ah!

### Further reading

* a in dykcjonorz.eu
* a in silling.org

## Skolt Sami
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ɑ/

### Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

#### Letter

a (upper case A)
* The first letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a, Â â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian а (a) 'but'.

#### Conjunction

a
* but
* how, what about

#### References

* ↑ Juutinen, Markus. 2022. “Russian Loanwords in Skolt Saami”. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 2022 (67):75–126. https://doi.org/10.33339/fuf.110737.

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Latin a, form of A, from Etruscan 𐌀 (a), from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from Egyptian 𓃾.

#### Letter

a (upper case A)
* The first letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/sk.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”).

#### Conjunction

a
* and

##### Derived terms

* a čo
* a jednako
* a predsa
* a preto
* a tak
* a teda

### Further reading

* “a”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology 1

From Gaj's Latin alphabet a, from Czech alphabet a, modification of capital A, itself derived from the Etruscan letter 𐌀 (a), from the Ancient Greek letter Α (A, “alpha”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃾.

#### Pronunciation

* (phoneme, tonal variety): IPA: /áː/, /àː/, /ʌ́/, /a/, [â], [ǎ]
* (phoneme, non-tonal variety): IPA: /aː/, /a/
* (letter name): IPA: /àː/, /áː/
* Audio (letter name, non-tonal):(file)
* Rhymes: -aː
* Homophone: a

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
* The first letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
* The first letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

#### Symbol

a
* (SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sound [a].

#### Noun

ā m inan
* The name of the Latin script letter A / a.
* The name of the phonemes /a, aː, ʌ/.

##### Inflection

* Overall more common
* More common when with a definite adjective

#### Derived terms

* à, á, ā, ȁ, ȃ
* ã, ȧ, ä, å, ḁ, ą
* če si rekel a, reci tudi b
* ena a
* od a do ž

### Etymology 2

Attested since the 18th century. Probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Serbo-Croatian a, Russian а (a), Lithuanian õ, Latin ō and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). These could all derive from Proto-Indo-European interjection *ō (“oh, ah”), but each form in individual languages could easily be an independent, expressive formation.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /àː/, /áː/, /á/
* Audio (non-tonal, long):(file)
* Audio (non-tonal, short):(file)
* Rhymes: -aː
* Homophones: A, a

#### Interjection

a
* oh
* Used at the end of a sentence for confirmation, similarly to 'didn't I' in English.
    Tega nisi pričakoval, a? ― You did not expect this, did you?

##### Synonyms

* ah
* e
* eh
* o
* oh
* uh

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Indo-European *ō̃t, which is ablative form of Proto-Indo-European *e- 'this'. Cognates with Serbo-Croatian a, Russian а (a) and Czech a.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

#### Conjunction

a
* but
    Synonyms: in, pa, toda, vendar

#### Particle

a
* contracted form of ali, particle used to form a yes- no question.
    Synonyms: kaj, ali

### See also

* (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Vv, Zz, Žž
* à
* á
* ã
* ä
* å
* ā
* ą
* ȁ
* ȃ
* ȧ
* ḁ
* ali

### Further reading

* “a”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Slovincian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa/
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and; but”).

#### Conjunction

a
* and
    Synonym: ë
* and, but, whereas

##### Derived terms

* abô

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“ah!”).

#### Interjection

a
* ah!
    Synonyms: ach, ach, o

### References

* Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “a”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 1
* Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “ã”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 1

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/, [a]
* Audio (Latin America):(file)
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Homophone: ha
* Rhymes: -a

### Etymology 1
#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### Noun

a f (plural aes)
* Name of the letter A.

##### Usage notes

Nominally, a always takes the usual feminine articles la and una (la a, una a). This makes it an exception to the rule according to which feminine nouns beginning with stressed /ˈa/ frequently take the articles el and un otherwise reserved for masculine nouns (e.g., el alma, un alma).

##### See also

* (Latin script letter names) letra; a, be, ce, de, e, efe, ge, hache, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, cu, ere, ese, te, u, ve, ve doble/uve doble, equis, ye, zeta

### Etymology 2

From Latin ad (“to”).

#### Alternative forms

* (obsolete) á
* (obsolete) à

#### Preposition

a
* to
** 1605, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quijote de la Mancha, Chapter I:
    Tenía en su casa una ama que pasaba de los cuarenta y una sobrina que no llegaba a los veinte, y un mozo de campo y plaza que así ensillaba el rocín como tomaba la podadera.
       He had in his house a housekeeper past forty, a niece under twenty, and a lad for the field and market-place, who used to saddle the hack as well as handle the billhook.
* by
* at
* Used before words referring to people, pets, or personified objects or places that function as direct objects: personal a.
    Lo busca a usted.He is looking for you.

##### Usage notes

* Personal a is not translated into English.

##### Derived terms

* a la

##### See also

* Wikipedia article covering “personal a”

## Sranan Tongo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/, [ˈa̠], [ˈɑ̟]

### Pronoun

a
* he, she, it
** ca. 1765, Pieter van Dyk, Nieuwe en nooit bevoorens geziene Onderwyzinge in het Bastert, of Neeger Engels, zoo als het zelve in de Hollandsze Colonien gebruikt word [New and unprecedented instruction in Bastard or Negro English, as it is used in the Dutch colonies]‎, Frankfurt/Madrid: Iberoamericana, retrieved 20 March 2021:Odi mijn heer hoe fa joe tan gran tanki fo myn heer a komi ja fo loeke da pranasie wan trom.Good day, Sir, how are you? Many thanks to Sir, (that) he has come here to look at the plantation on this occasion.

### Article

a (singular)
* the

#### Usage notes

Sranan Tongo makes no difference between singular and plural forms, except for pronouns and determiners and the definite article. Common nouns referring to a collection of similar items are usually treated as singular where in English they would be grammatically plural, and so are referred to with singular pronouns and determiners and the singular definite article.

### Preposition

a
* at, to
    Synonym: na

### Particle

a
* (copula) to be (used with a noun phrase as complement)
    Synonym: na

#### Usage notes

This particle is only used when the temporal aspect is unmarked, whether for timeless facts, or for statements where time is not considered relevant.

### Descendants

* Aukan: a
* >? Maroon Spirit Language: a, o
* Saramaccan: a

## Sumerian
### Romanization

a
* Romanization of 𒀀 (a)

## Swahili
### Particle

-a
* The genitive particle; adjectival particle; of
    kitabu cha mtoto ― child's book
    kiini cha yai ― egg yolk (literally, “center of egg”)
** 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎, stanza 9:كِطَّمْسِكِزَ گَوُجُهَّالِ ، نُرُ نَمِيَاغَ اِتَظَلَالِKiṭamsi-kiza cha-ujuhali, nuru na-mianga itaẓalaliBrightness and lights will overcome the shadow and darkness of ignorance

#### Usage notes

* This particle agrees in class with the noun preceding it.
* When used as an adjectival particle, the particle itself is untranslated:
** nguo za kufuliwa ― laundry, washing (literally, “laundry clothing”)
** mali ya pamoja ― communal property
* When used as a genitive particle, the particle is sometimes untranslated:
** Bahari ya Hindi ― Indian Ocean

#### See also

* -enye: the ornative particle

## Swedish
### Preposition

a
* from (very formal, seldom used outside written formal texts.)

#### Usage notes

* Only used in the noun a dato (from this day) and the adverb a priori (beforehand, in advance).

#### See also

* a dato
* a priori

### Letter

a (name a, uppercase form A)
* The first letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

### Adverb

a (not comparable)
* (colloquial) Alternative form of aa

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish a. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English a.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜀ (a).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish a.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ˈʔej/ [ˈʔeɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
*** Rhymes: -ej
** IPA: /ˈʔa/ [ˈʔa] (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario)
*** Rhymes: -a
** IPA: /ˈa/ [ˈa] (phoneme, stressed)
*** Rhymes: -a
** IPA: /a/ [ɐ] (phoneme, unstressed)
* Syllabification: a

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜌ᜔)
* The first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ey and written in the Latin script.

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A, Baybayin spelling ᜀ)
* The first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called a and written in the Latin script.
* (historical) The first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called a and written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
* alpa

#### Noun

a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)
* the name of the Latin-script letter A/a, in the Abakada alphabet
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ey
* (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter A/a, in the Abecedario
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ey

##### Related terms

* abakada
* abese
* abesedaryo

##### See also

* aa

### Etymology 2

Compare Spanish ah and English ah.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔa/ [ˈʔa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a

#### Interjection

a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)
* ah: an exclamation of pity, admiration or surprise
    A! Kailan namatay ang iyong ina? ― Ah! When did your mother die?
* oh (expression of understanding or realization)
    Synonym: aw

#### Alternative forms

* ah

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔaʔ/ [ˈʔaʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: a

#### Interjection

a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)
* ouch (expression of pain)
    Synonyms: aray, aw

##### Alternative forms

* ah

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔa/ [ˈʔa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a

#### Particle

a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)
* Alternative form of ha (sentence-ending particle)

##### Alternative forms

* ah

### Further reading

* “a”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Tarantino
### Preposition

a
* in
* at
* to

## Tày
### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [ʔaː˧˧]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [ʔaː˦˥]

### Etymology 1
#### Particle

a (呵)
* alright?; okay?; will you?
    Chin a. ― Let's eat.
    Mừa a. ― Let's go home.
* already
    Chư̱ a. ― Oh right.

##### Derived terms

* a dè
* a rối

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Tai *ʔaːᴬ (“father's younger sister”). Cognate with Lao ອາ (ʼā), Thai อา (aa).

#### Noun

a (妸)
* paternal aunt
    me̱ a ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    pi noọng lục áo lục dé, lục me̱ a lục po̱ khủ ― first cousins (literally, “brothers [who are] children of uncles and aunts”)
* younger sister
    a noọng ― younger sister (in relation to a brother)

##### Derived terms

* a lùa
* a sliên

### References

* Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
* Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎ (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

Imitative or onomatopoeia.

### Interjection

a
* eh?
** 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:1:God, Bikpela i bin wokim olgeta animal, tasol i no gat wanpela bilong ol inap winim snek long tok gris. Na snek i askim meri olsem, “Ating God i tambuim yutupela long kaikai pikinini bilong olgeta diwai bilong gaden, a?”→New International Version translation

## Tokelauan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a]
* Hyphenation: a

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *a. Cognates include Maori a and Tuvaluan a.

#### Article

a
* a personal article, used after the prepositions i and ki and before personal names or names of months

##### Derived terms

* a te

##### See also

See Template:tkl-articles.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *qa. Cognates include Hawaiian a and Samoan a.

#### Preposition

a
* marks alienable possession; of

##### See also

* o

### References

* R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎, Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 1

## Tooro
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/

### Particle

-a
* The genitive particle; adjectival particle; of

#### Declension
### References

* Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 415

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ɑ/

### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Turkish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin script letters) harf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

### Noun

a
* The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

#### See also

* (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze

## Turkmen
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /a/, /aː/

### Letter

a (upper case A)
* The first letter of the Turkmen alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

## Tyap
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /a/, /aː/

### Letter

a (upper case A)
* The first letter of the Tyap alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### Interjection

a
* ah (expression of surprise, question)
* eh (expression of reluctance)

### Pronoun

a
* you (2nd person subject singular personal pronoun)

### Pronoun

a̱
* he/she (3rd person singular personal pronoun)

### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ə̀/

### Pronoun

á̱
* they (indefinite) (3rd person plural personal pronoun)

### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ə́/

### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/kcg.

## Upper Sorbian
### Conjunction

a
* and
* the (establishing a parallel between two comparatives)
    starši a mudriši ― the older, the smarter
    dlěje a hórje ― the longer, the worse

### Further reading

* “a” in Soblex

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔaː˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔaː˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔaː˧˧]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French a.

#### Letter

a (lower case, upper case A)
* The first letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

#### Noun

a
* The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/vi.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

(classifier cái) a • (阿)
* (rare) a cutting tool consisting of two blades inserted into a long handle to cut grass or to harvest rice
    Synonyms: trang, gạc
    rèn một lưỡi a bằng ba lưỡi háiliterally, "forging one a blade (the blade of a two-bladed cutting tool) equals three scythe blades"; a master tool takes thrice the toil

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

a
* (dated) a land measurement unit, equal to 100 square meters

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

a
* (rare) to rush or charge forward at
    Synonyms: sấn, xông
    a vào giật cho bằng đượcto charge in and snatch it at all costs

### Etymology 5
#### Pronoun

a
* (slang, Internet, text messaging) Abbreviation of anh.

### Etymology 6
#### Particle

a
* (North Central Vietnam, otherwise rare) Used to indicate a question that is asked out of perplexity or sarcasm.
    Bây giờ mới đi a?You've only been going just now?
    Dừ mì đi a?You've only been going just now?
    Thật thế a?Really?
    Rứa a?Really?

### Etymology 6
#### Interjection

a
* An expression of happiness, surprise or of a sudden remembrance of something.
    A mẹ đã về!Oh, my mom came home!
    A, mình nhớ ra rồi!Oh, I remember!

## Volapük
### Etymology

Borrowed from English a or French à.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /a/

#### Preposition

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* per, The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* by
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

## Votic
### Pronunciation

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Etymology 1
#### Letter

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

#### Conjunction

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* but (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.), on the contrary, but rather
* however, although, nevertheless, on the other hand

### Etymology 3

Natural. Compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

#### Interjection

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* ah!, oh!
* oops!
* ouch!

### See also

* aa
* aah
* ah
* haa
* see other Votic letters

### References

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

## Walloon
### Etymology

From The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Preposition

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* at

## Welsh
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Letter

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script. It is followed by The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

##### Mutation

* a cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take The time allocated for running scripts has expired., for example with the word The time allocated for running scripts has expired.:
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

##### Derived terms

* Digraph sequences: The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

##### See also

* see other Welsh letters and their names

#### Noun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

##### Mutation

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Verb

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

##### Synonyms

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Etymology 3

From The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired. (compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and The time allocated for running scripts has expired.).

#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Conjunction

The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* and

##### Synonyms

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Pronoun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb (as opposed to a periphrastic construction with bod, to be)).
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

##### Usage notes

* a is not used with the third person singular present of the verb bod, where the relative verb form sydd is used instead
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    not *Y dyn a yw'n ifanc
* a is not used in indirect relative clauses, where the pronoun is part of a genitive or periphrastic construction. Instead the second relative pronoun y is used
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    not *Y dyn a oedd ei chwaer yma

## West Makian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Verb

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. to be cooked
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. to be done, finished

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Verb

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

##### Usage notes

The verb a ("to eat") takes the same verbal prefixes that directional verbs do.

##### Conjugation
### References

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

## Yele
### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Letter

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Derived terms

* The digraph ⟨aa⟩ transcribes the long vowel /æː/
* The digraph ⟨꞉a⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /æ̃/
* The trigraph ⟨꞉aa⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /æ̃ː/

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/yle.

## Yola
### Etymology 1

The time allocated for running scripts has expired. From The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

#### Alternative forms

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Article

The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* the, in later times the.
** The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
** The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
** The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Etymology 2

From The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

#### Alternative forms

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Article

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* one
** The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Etymology 3

Unstressed form of The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Preposition

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* on
** The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
** The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Etymology 4
#### Pronoun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
** The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Etymology 5
#### Preposition

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
** The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### References

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* https://web.archive.org/web/20050222031415/http://homepage.tinet.ie/~taghmon/histsoc/vol3/chapter4/chapter4.htm

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Letter

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script.

#### Noun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/yo.
* See Template:list:Latin script letter names/yo.

### Etymology 2

Likely a The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Pronoun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* we (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

##### Usage notes

Similar to other shortened subject pronouns, its usage is restricted and can only be found directly before a verb or pre-verbal marker. It cannot be used with particles/discourse markers such as The time allocated for running scripts has expired. or conjunctions such as The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., and The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. In those cases, The time allocated for running scripts has expired. must be used instead.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Pronoun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* him, her, it (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### Pronoun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* him, her, it (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
    The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

#### See also

See Template:yo-personal pronouns.

## Yucatec Maya
### Pronoun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* you (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)

## Zazaki
### Letter

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* see other Zazaki letters

### Pronoun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* she

## Zhuang
### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Etymology 1

Compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

#### Noun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* crow

##### Synonyms

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired. mother

### Etymology 3
#### Particle

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

## Zou
### Pronunciation

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

### Noun

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* hen

### References

* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

## Zulu
### Letter

The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
* The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* see other Zulu letters