# saka
## Acehnese
### Etymology

Likely borrowed from Khmer ស្ករ (skɑɑ, “sugar”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saka/

### Noun

saka
* sugar

## Balinese
### Romanization

saka
* Romanization of ᬲᬓ
* Romanization of ᬰᬓ
* Romanization of ᬰᬵᬓᬵ

## Bikol Central
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *saká (“and, also”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saˈka/ [saˈka]
* Hyphenation: sa‧ka

#### Conjunction

saká (Basahan spelling ᜐᜃ)
* (Naga) and
    Synonyms: asin, buda, at, sagkod, nan, pagkan

#### Interjection

saká (Basahan spelling ᜐᜃ)
* (Naga) so what?
    Synonym: ano kaiyan

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sáka (“leg of a fowl”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsaka/ [ˈsa.ka]
* Hyphenation: sa‧ka

#### Noun

sáka (Basahan spelling ᜐᜃ)
* (rare) cockspur
    Synonym: bulang

##### Derived terms

* magsaka
* sakahon

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *saka. Compare Aklanon saka'.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saˈka/ [s̪ɐˈka]
* Hyphenation: sa‧ka

### Verb

saká (Badlit spelling ᜐᜃ)
* to climb
    Synonym: katkat

#### Derived terms

* magsaka
* manaka
* mosaka
* sakahon

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsaka]
* Rhymes: -aka
* Hyphenation: sa‧ka

### Adjective

saka (accusative singular sakan, plural sakaj, accusative plural sakajn)
* baglike

#### Related terms

* sako

## Faroese
### Noun

saka
* indefinite genitive plural of sak

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Persian ساکا (sâkâ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɑkɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝kɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑkɑ
* Hyphenation: sa‧ka

### Noun

saka
* Saka (person)
* Saka (language)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of saka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sakani
sakani
accusative
nom.
sakani
sakani
gen.
sakani
genitive
sakani
sakojeni sakaini $^{rare}$
partitive
sakaani
sakojani
inessive
sakassani
sakoissani
elative
sakastani
sakoistani
illative
sakaani
sakoihini
adessive
sakallani
sakoillani
ablative
sakaltani
sakoiltani
allative
sakalleni
sakoilleni
essive
sakanani
sakoinani
translative
sakakseni
sakoikseni
abessive
sakattani
sakoittani
instructive
comitative
—sakoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sakasi
sakasi
accusative
nom.
sakasi
sakasi
gen.
sakasi
genitive
sakasi
sakojesi sakaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
sakaasi
sakojasi
inessive
sakassasi
sakoissasi
elative
sakastasi
sakoistasi
illative
sakaasi
sakoihisi
adessive
sakallasi
sakoillasi
ablative
sakaltasi
sakoiltasi
allative
sakallesi
sakoillesi
essive
sakanasi
sakoinasi
translative
sakaksesi
sakoiksesi
abessive
sakattasi
sakoittasi
instructive
comitative
—sakoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sakamme
sakamme
accusative
nom.
sakamme
sakamme
gen.
sakamme
genitive
sakamme
sakojemme sakaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
sakaamme
sakojamme
inessive
sakassamme
sakoissamme
elative
sakastamme
sakoistamme
illative
sakaamme
sakoihimme
adessive
sakallamme
sakoillamme
ablative
sakaltamme
sakoiltamme
allative
sakallemme
sakoillemme
essive
sakanamme
sakoinamme
translative
sakaksemme
sakoiksemme
abessive
sakattamme
sakoittamme
instructive
comitative
—sakoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sakanne
sakanne
accusative
nom.
sakanne
sakanne
gen.
sakanne
genitive
sakanne
sakojenne sakainne $^{rare}$
partitive
sakaanne
sakojanne
inessive
sakassanne
sakoissanne
elative
sakastanne
sakoistanne
illative
sakaanne
sakoihinne
adessive
sakallanne
sakoillanne
ablative
sakaltanne
sakoiltanne
allative
sakallenne
sakoillenne
essive
sakananne
sakoinanne
translative
sakaksenne
sakoiksenne
abessive
sakattanne
sakoittanne
instructive
comitative
—sakoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sakansa
sakansa
accusative
nom.
sakansa
sakansa
gen.
sakansa
genitive
sakansa
sakojensa sakainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
sakaansa
sakojaan sakojansa
inessive
sakassaan sakassansa
sakoissaan sakoissansa
elative
sakastaan sakastansa
sakoistaan sakoistansa
illative
sakaansa
sakoihinsa
adessive
sakallaan sakallansa
sakoillaan sakoillansa
ablative
sakaltaan sakaltansa
sakoiltaan sakoiltansa
allative
sakalleen sakallensa
sakoilleen sakoillensa
essive
sakanaan sakanansa
sakoinaan sakoinansa
translative
sakakseen sakaksensa
sakoikseen sakoiksensa
abessive
sakattaan sakattansa
sakoittaan sakoittansa
instructive
comitative
—sakoineen sakoinensa :

### Anagrams

* kasa

## Garo
### Etymology

Related to sakao (“above, on top”)

### Noun

saka
* upland, upper place

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsaːka/
* Rhymes: -aːka

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse saka, from Proto-Germanic *sakaną.

#### Verb

saka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative sakaði, supine sakað)
* to accuse [with accusative]
    Synonyms: ásaka, ákæra, klaga, kæra
    saka einhvern um eitthvaðaccuse someone of something.
* (impersonal) to hurt, to injure, to damage

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

saka
* indefinite genitive plural of sök

### Anagrams

* aska

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈsaka/ [ˈsa.ka]
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: sa‧ka

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay saka, from Pali saka (“name of a tree (Tectona grandis)”), from Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch, door post”).

#### Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)
* house pole

##### Alternative forms

* soko

#### Compounds

* saka guru
* saka penanggap
* saka pendem
* saka penitih
* saka santen
* saka tatal
* saka tepas

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)
* (clipping) Alternative spelling of pusaka (“heirloom, inheritance”)

##### Alternative forms

* soko

### Etymology 3

From Minangkabau [Term?], probably from Sanskrit सखा (sakhā), सखि (sakhi, “friend, assistant, brother-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sákʰā, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷH- (“friend, companion”), from *sekʷ- (“follow”). Doublet of saki.

#### Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)
* maternal family
* the customary rank of the people who are hereditary

#### Compounds

* saka baka
* saka lipek

### Etymology 4

From Minangkabau [Term?], from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्कर (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂. Doublet of sakar (“sugar”).

#### Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)
* cane sugar
    Hypernym: gula

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)
* (scouting) Acronym of satuan karya pramuka.

#### Compounds

* saka bahari
* saka bakti husada
* saka bhayangkara
* saka dirgantara
* saka kalpataru
* saka kencana
* saka pariwisata
* saka taruna bumi
* saka wanabakti
* saka widya budaya bakti
* saka wira kartika

### Etymology 6

Borrowed from Kamang [Term?]

#### Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)
* dry coconut leaves

### Etymology 7

Borrowed from Ngaju [Term?]

#### Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)
* (dialect) affluent, rivulet, tributary
    Synonym: anak sungai

### Etymology 8

Borrowed from Tolaki [Term?]

#### Noun

saka (plural saka-saka)
* (dialect) fist competition

### Further reading

* “saka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Jamamadí
### Verb

saka
* (Banawá) to jab, pierce

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Japanese
### Romanization

saka
* Rōmaji transcription of さか

## Javanese
### Romanization

saka
* Romanization of ꦱꦏ

## Latvian
### Verb

saka
* third-person singular/plural present indicative of sacīt
* (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of sacīt
* (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of sacīt

## Malagasy
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

saka
* cat, Felis silvestris catus
    Synonym: piso

## Mansaka
### Etymology

Akin to Aklanon saka'.

### Verb

saka
* to climb

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* saken

### Noun

saka m or f
* definite feminine singular of sak

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɑːkɑ/

#### Noun

saka f
* definite singular of sak

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse sakaðr.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²sɑːkɑ/

#### Adjective

saka (singular and plural saka, comparative meir saka, superlative mest saka)
* (archaic) guilty

##### Synonyms

* skuldig

##### Antonyms

* saklaus

### References

* “saka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Javanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.ka/
* Rhymes: -ka
* Homophones: sakhā, śaka, śāka, śākhā
* Hyphenation: sa‧ka

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “a door-post”, literally “branch”).

#### Noun

saka
* post (pillar)

##### Derived terms

* masaka
* sumake

##### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦱꦏ (saka, “pillar”)
* → Balinese: ᬲᬓ (saka, “post, pillar, column”)

### Etymology 2

Compare Proto-Philippine *saká (“and, also”).

#### Preposition

saka
* from
* than

##### Derived terms

* saka-saka
* sake hiriṅ
* sinake-hiriṅakĕn

##### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦱꦏ (saka, “from, than”)

#### Adverb

saka
* each

##### Descendants

* → Balinese: ᬲᬓ (saka, “each”)

### Further reading

* "saka" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Old Norse
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *sakōną.

#### Verb

saka (singular past indicative sakaða, plural past indicative sǫkuðu, past participle sakaðr)
* to do harm, to scathe
** (impersonal, with accusative)
    hvat sem at var gǫrt, sakaði hann ekkino matter what they did, no harm came to him.
* to blame, find fault with

##### Derived terms

* saka sik um (“to blame oneself for”)
* sakaðr
* sakna

##### Related terms

* sǿkja
* sǫk

##### Descendants

* Icelandic: saka
* Norwegian:
    Norwegian Bokmål: sake
    Norwegian Nynorsk: saka, sake

#### Further reading

* Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) “saka”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 509
* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “saka”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

saka
* genitive plural of sǫk

## Ometepec Nahuatl
### Noun

saka
* zacate, grass

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀲𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* सक (Devanagari script)
* সক (Bengali script)
* සක (Sinhalese script)
* သက or သၵ (Burmese script)
* สก or สะกะ (Thai script)
* ᩈᨠ (Tai Tham script)
* ສກ or ສະກະ (Lao script)
* សក (Khmer script)
* 𑄥𑄇 (Chakma script)

### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

saka
* one's own

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Extracted from Pali sakkoti and sakkati.

#### Noun

saka ?
* The Pali roots sak and sakk.
** c. 500 AD, Dhatumañjusa; republished in Dines Andersen & Helmer Smith, The Pāli Dhātupāṭha and the Dhātumañjūsā, Copenhagen: Andr. Fred. Host & son, 1921, page 46:121. Su savane saka sattimhi khi khayamhi gi saddane apa sambhu ca pāpuṇane hi gatimhi vu saṃvare.121. Su for listening, sak for strength, / khī for dimunition, ge for sound / ap for progeny and attainment / hi for gone, var for restraint.

### References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “saka”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Portuguese sacar and Spanish sacar.

### Verb

saka
* to vomit

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-saka (infinitive kusaka)
* to chase, to hunt down, to track down, to search for

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -saka :
| Positive present | -nasaka |
| Subjunctive | -sake |
| Negative | -saki |
| Imperative singular | saka |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kusaka |
| Negative | kutosaka |
Imperatives :
| Singular | saka |
| Plural | sakeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | husaka |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lisaka |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kusaka |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tasaka |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tasaka |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sisake |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngesaka |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singesaka |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalisaka |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalisaka |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mesaka |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshasaka |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jasaka |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kisaka |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -siposaka |
| Consecutive | kasaka / positive subject concord + -kasaka |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kasake |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Nominal derivations:
** msako (“chase, hunt, search”)

## Swedish
### Verb

saka (present sakar, preterite sakade, supine sakat, imperative saka)
* (card games) to play an arbitrary (useless) card instead of one in the correct suit, when one is obliged but unable to follow suit

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

### Anagrams

* aska, kasa

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* saca — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /saˈkaʔ/ [sɐˈxaʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: sa‧ka

#### Conjunction

sakâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)
* and
    Synonyms: at, at saka, 'tsaka

#### Adverb

sakâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)
* then; and then; afterwards
* besides; moreover
    Synonym: bukod sa
* at another time
    Synonym: saka na

##### Derived terms

* 'tsaka
* at saka
* manaka-naka
* saka na

### Etymology 2

Uncertain. Possibly from the following:
* From Sanskrit शाक (śāka, “vegetable; herb”), according to Potet (2016). Compare Malagasy saha (“garden; orchard”).
* Borrowed from Spanish saca (“removal; extraction; dig out”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈsaka/ [ˈsaː.xɐ]
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: sa‧ka

#### Noun

saka (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)
* farming; cultivation of a piece of land
    Synonyms: pagsasaka, agrikultura, pagbubukid, paglilinang
* farmland
    Synonyms: linang, taniman

##### Derived terms

* magsaka
* magsasaka
* masaka
* pagsasaka
* pansaka
* sakahan
* sakahin
* tagapagsaka
* tagasaka

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Spanish sacar.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /saˈka/ [sɐˈxa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: sa‧ka

#### Noun

saká (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)
* copying; tracing (of a drawing, figure, or design)
    Synonyms: kopya, pagkopya
* acquisition of goods by consignment
* importation (of goods)
    Synonyms: angkat, pag-angkat

##### Derived terms

* sakahan
* sakahin

### Further reading

* “saka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 294

### Anagrams

* kasa, saak

## Ternate
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsa.ka/

#### Verb

saka
* (transitive) to thrust

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsa.ka/

#### Verb

saka
* (stative) to be almost bearing fruit

##### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سقا قوشی (saka kuşu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [saka]

### Noun

saka (definite accusative sakayı, plural sakalar)
* European goldfinch, Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)

#### Declension
## Waray-Waray
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakay, compare Tetum sa'e.

### Verb

saka
* to ascend, to go up