OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# jamban
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay jamban.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈd͡ʒamban]
* Hyphenation: jam‧ban

### Noun

jamban (uncountable)
* latrine; privy
    Synonyms: kakus, peturasan, tandas

### Further reading

* “jamban” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Possibly a contraction of jambatan (“bridge”), as latrines were typically a wooden construction on the water. Compare Southern Vietnamese cầu (“bridge; latrine”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒam.ban/
* Hyphenation: jam‧ban

### Noun

jamban (Jawi spelling جمبن, plural jamban-jamban, informal 1st possessive jambanku, 2nd possessive jambanmu, 3rd possessive jambannya)
* latrine; privy
    Synonym: tandas
* (Pahang) bathroom; washroom

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* berjamban (“having a latrine or bathroom”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: jamban
* → Hokkien: 染蠻／染蛮

### Further reading

* “jamban” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Spanish
### Verb

jamban
* only used in se jamban, third-person plural present indicative of jambarse
# jaringan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay jaringan, equivalent to jaring +‎ -an.
* Sense of network beside of fabric or fibrous sense is a semantic loan from Dutch netwerk and later English network.
* Sense of biological tissue is a semantic loan from Dutch weefsel (“tissue, fabric”, literally “to weave + perform, action, result”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʒaˈrɪŋan]
* Hyphenation: ja‧ring‧an

### Noun

jaringan (plural jaringan-jaringan)
* network
** a fabric or structure of fibrous elements attached to each other at regular intervals
** any interconnected group or system
** (communication) a group of affiliated television stations that broadcast common programs from a parent company
** (computing) multiple computers and other devices connected together to share information
* (management) project network, network chart: a graph (weighted directed graph) depicting the sequence in which a project's terminal elements are to be completed by showing terminal elements and their dependencies
* (biology) tissue: a group of cells similar in origin that function together to do a specific job

#### Usage notes

The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay jaringan.

#### Synonyms

* jejaring
* (biological tissue): tisu (Standard Malay)

#### Compounds

* jaringan adiposa
* jaringan adiposa cokelat
* jaringan area lokal
* jaringan area luas
* jaringan area metropolitan
* jaringan bintang
* jaringan bus
* jaringan cincin
* jaringan dasar
* jaringan digital layanan terintegrasi
* jaringan epitelium
* jaringan floem
* jaringan ikat
* jaringan irigasi
* jaringan kawasan lokal
* jaringan komputer
* jaringan komunikasi
* jaringan konektif
* jaringan kontraktil
* jaringan lemak
* jaringan limfoid
* jaringan otot
* jaringan pengangkut
* jaringan perbankan
* jaringan tambah nilai
* jaringan tapis

### Further reading

* “jaringan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

jaring +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor, Riau-Lingga) IPA: /d͡ʒareŋan/
* (Baku) IPA: /d͡ʒarɪŋan/
* Rhymes: -eŋan, -ŋan, -an

### Noun

jaringan (Jawi spelling جاريڠن, plural jaringan-jaringan, informal 1st possessive jaringanku, 2nd possessive jaringanmu, 3rd possessive jaringannya)
* network (fabric or structure of fibrous elements)
* network (interconnected group or system)
* (computing) network (multiple computers and other devices connected together)
* (soccer) score (number of points accrued)

#### Usage notes

The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian jaringan.

#### Synonyms

* rangkaian

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: jaringan

### Further reading

* “jaringan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# jasmani
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay jasmani, from Arabic جُسْمانِيّ (jusmāniyy, “bodily, physical”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒasˈmani/
* Hyphenation: jas‧ma‧ni

### Noun

jasmani (uncountable)
* the physical
* (by extension) body; a physical frame
    Synonyms: badan, tubuh, fisik, raga

### Adjective

jasmani
* physical, pertaining to the body as opposed to the mind; bodily
    Synonyms: badaniah, jasmaniah, fisik, ragawi
    Antonyms: rohani, batiniah, spiritual

#### Derived terms

* kejasmanian

### Further reading

* “jasmani” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جُسْمانِيّ (jusmāniyy, “bodily, physical”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jasmani/
* Rhymes: -ni, -i
* Hyphenation: jas‧ma‧ni

### Noun

jasmani (Jawi spelling جسماني, plural jasmani-jasmani, informal 1st possessive jasmaniku, 2nd possessive jasmanimu, 3rd possessive jasmaninya)
* body
    Synonyms: badan, tubuh

### Adjective

jasmani (Jawi spelling جسماني)
* Relating to the body or things perceived physically; physical.
    Synonym: fizikal
    Antonyms: batin, rohani

#### Affixations

* kejasmanian

#### Compounds

* pendidikan jasmani

### Further reading

* “jasmani” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# jastip
## Indonesian
### Noun

jastip (uncountable)
* short for jasa titip (“casual courier service”, literally “entrusting service”).
# jatarupa
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Sanskrit जातरूप (jātarūpa, “gold”). Cognate of Thai ชาตรูป (chaa-dtà-rûup, “gold”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʒa.taˈru.pa]
* Hyphenation: ja‧ta‧ru‧pa

### Noun

jatarupa (plural jatarupa-jatarupa)
* gold
    Synonym: emas

### Further reading

* “jatarupa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# jauhar
## English
### Alternative forms

* johar
* juhar

### Noun

jauhar (uncountable)
* (historical) The mass suicide of Rajput women in order to escape defilement by foreign conquerors.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay jauhar, from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), from Classical Persian گوهر (gawhar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒau̯har/
* Hyphenation: jau‧har
* Rhymes: -har, -ar, -r

### Noun

jauhar (plural jauhar-jauhar)
* diamond
* semen

#### Synonyms

* (diamond): intan, wajik
* (semen): mani, peju

### References

* ↑ Mohammad Khosh Haikal Azad (2018) “Historical Cultural Linkages between Iran and Southeast Asia: Entered Persian Vocabularies in the Malay Language”, in Journal of Cultural Relation (in Persian), pages 117-144

### Further reading

* “jauhar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# jejak
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay jejak, from Proto-Austronesian *zekzek (“to tread, trample on”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʒəˈd͡ʒaʔ]
* Hyphenation: jê‧jak

### Noun

jejak (plural)
* trail, trace, track

#### Derived terms

* berjejak
* menjejak
* menjejaki
* menjejakkan
* penjejak
* jejak bahu
* jejak bara
* jejak dasar
* jejak kabut
* jejak keruh
* jejak lepas
* jejak pengembunan

### Further reading

* “jejak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *zekzek (“to tread, trample on”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒəd͡ʒaʔ/
* Rhymes: -əd͡ʒaʔ, -d͡ʒaʔ, -aʔ

### Noun

jejak (Jawi spelling ججق, informal 1st possessive jejakku, 2nd possessive jejakmu, 3rd possessive jejaknya)
* trace; track

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: jejak

### Verb

jejak (Jawi spelling ججق)
* to trample on
* to trail

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* penjejak [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* penjejakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* menjejak [agent focus] (meN-)
* menjejakkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* menjejaki [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
* dijejak [patient focus] (di-)
* dijejakkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
* dijejaki [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
* berjejak [stative / habitual] (beR-)

### Further reading

* “jejak” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# jelantah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡ʒəˈlantah]
* Hyphenation: jê‧lan‧tah

### Noun

jêlantah (uncountable)
* waste cooking oil

### Further reading

* “jelantah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# walano
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vaˈla.nɔ/
* Rhymes: -anɔ
* Syllabification: wa‧la‧no

### Verb

walano
* impersonal past of walać
# mualim IV
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* mualim 4

### Etymology

mualim +‎ IV.

### Noun

mualim IV
* (nautical) fourth mate
# los bundar
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of los (“longhouse”) +‎ bundar (“round”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌlos ˈbun.dar/, [ˌlos ˈbun.dar]

### Noun

los bundar (plural los-los bundar)
* (rail transport) railway roundhouse: a building with a circular or semicircular shape used by railways for servicing and storing locomotives near a rail turntable

### Further reading

* “los bundar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# アㇺ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* アミ
* アミヒ

### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *am L (“fingernail”).

### Noun

アㇺ • (am)
* claw, talon
* fingernail or toenail
* (Kuril, South Kuril) nail

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * Batchelor, John (1926) An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Kyobunkan
   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# lumba-lumba
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay lumba-lumba, reduplication of lumba (“race; running competition”) (Indonesian lomba), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumbəq.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlʊm.ba ˈlʊm.ba/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

lumba-lumba (plural lumba-lumba)
* dolphin (aquatic mammal)
    Synonyms: dolfin, pesut

### Further reading

* “lumba-lumba” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* lelumba

### Etymology

Reduplication of lumba (“race; running competition”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumbəq.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /lum.bə lum.bə/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /lum.ba lum.ba/
* Rhymes: -a

### Noun

lumba-lumba (Jawi spelling ٢ لومبا, plural lumba-lumba-lumba-lumba, informal 1st possessive lumba-lumbaku, 2nd possessive lumba-lumbamu, 3rd possessive lumba-lumbanya)
* dolphin (aquatic mammal)
    Synonym: dolfin

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: lumba-lumba

### Further reading

* “lumba-lumba” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
* "lumba-lumba" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* lumbalumba

### Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Malay lumba-lumba, or analytically a reduplication of lumba.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /lumˌbalumˈba/ [lʊmˌbaː.lʊmˈba]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: lum‧ba-lum‧ba

### Noun

lumbá-lumbá (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ)
* dolphin
    Synonyms: delpin, lampasot

#### See also

* mayohon

### Further reading

* “lumba-lumba”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# lup
## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* lupu

### Etymology

From Latin lupus, from an Osco-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos. Compare Romanian lup.

### Noun

lup m (plural luchi; feminine equivalent lupoanji / lupoanje or lupã)
* wolf

#### Derived terms

* lupsã

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lupъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlup]

### Noun

lup m inan
* plunder, spoil

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Related terms

* loupit
* lupič

### Further reading

* “lup”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “lup”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Etruscan
### Romanization

lup
* Romanization of 𐌋𐌖𐌐

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch loep (“magnifying glass”), from French loupe, from Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”), from Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”), from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”), *lub- (“to peel, hang”), from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlʊp̚]
* Rhymes: -lʊp, -ʊp, -p
* Hyphenation: lup

### Noun

lup (plural lup-lup)
* (optics) magnifying glass
    Synonyms: kaca pembesar, suryakanta

### Further reading

* “lup” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Istro-Romanian
### Etymology

From Latin lupus, from an Osco-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lup]

### Noun

lup m (plural lupi, definite singular lupu)
* wolf

## Megleno-Romanian
### Etymology

From Latin lupus.

### Noun

lup m
* wolf

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlup/
* Rhymes: -up
* Syllabification: lup
* Homophone: lub

### Noun

lup f
* genitive plural of lupa

## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* луп (lup) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin lupus, from an Osco-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlup/
* Audio (male voice):(file)
* Audio (female voice):(file)
* Rhymes: -up
* Hyphenation: lup

### Noun

lup m (plural lupi)
* wolf

#### Related terms

* lupan
* lupare
* lupărie
* lupei
* lupesc
* lupoaică
* lupoaie

## Volapük
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lupus (lupus > lup; cf. French: loup, Italian: lupo, Esperanto: lupo).

### Noun

lup (nominative plural lups)
* wolf (family Canidae)

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Synonyms

* ludog (older term, now obsolete)

#### Hypernyms

* follögaf
* nim
* sügaf, süganim

#### Hyponyms

* hilup (“he-wolf”)
* jilup (“she-wolf”)
* lelup
* lupil
* lupül (“wolf cub”)

#### Derived terms

* lupadog
* lupik
* lupiknibaträp

### See also

* ber (“bear”)
* dog (“dog”)
* kat (“cat”)
# lurah
## Balinese
### Romanization

lurah
* Romanization of ᬮᬸᬭᬄ

## Indonesian
### Etymology

* Inherited from Malay lurah (“valley; groove”).
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦭꦸꦫꦃ (lurah, “village chief”, literally “chief”) for the sense of a fourth-level administrative division chief executive officer (compare Old Javanese lurah (“chief, head, officer; plain, valley; ravine, depth, gorge”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlu.rah/
* Rhymes: -rah, -ah, -h
* Hyphenation: lu‧rah

### Noun

lurah (plural)
* (government) the chief executive officer in a subdistrict, urbanized fourth-level administrative division, kelurahan, in Indonesia
* (Yogyakarta, government) the chief executive officer in a subdistrict, rural fourth-level administrative division, kalurahan, in Yogyakarta

#### Derived terms

* kelurahan

### Noun

lurah (plural lurah-lurah)
* valley
    Synonyms: lembah, jurang
* groove
    Synonym: alur

#### Derived terms

* berlurah
* lurah hidung

### Further reading

* “lurah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

lurah
* Romanization of ꦭꦸꦫꦃ

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lurah/
* Hyphenation: lu‧rah

### Noun

lurah
* depth, gorge, valley
* ravine
    Synonyms: curah, juraṅ, paruṅ
* plain, valley
* chief, head, officer

#### Derived terms

* amañcalurahan

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦭꦸꦫꦃ (lurah, “village chief, chief”)
** → Indonesian: lurah (semantic loan)
* → Balinese: ᬮᬸᬭᬄ (lurah, “chief, leader, ruler”)

### Further reading

* "lurah" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# madrasah sanawiah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of madrasah +‎ sanawiah, from Arabic مَدْرَسَة ثَانَوِيَّة (madrasa(t) ṯānawiyya), ثَانَوِيَّة (ṯānawiyya, “secondary, minor”) +‎ مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maˈdrasah sanaˈwiah/

### Noun

madrasah sanawiah (plural madrasah-madrasah sanawiah)
* (Islam, education) Islamic modern junior high school (US) or lower secondary school (UK)

#### Usage notes

In Indonesia, sekolah menengah pertama is used by school which is under supervision of Ministry of Education. Islamic school supervised by Ministry of Religious Affairs use madrasah tsanawiyah.

#### Alternative forms

* madrasah tsanawiyah, MTs (official government term)

#### Synonyms

* sekolah menengah pertama

#### Hypernyms

* madrasah

### Further reading

* “madrasah sanawiah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mainan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay mainan. Equivalent to main +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /maˈinan/ [maˈi.nan]
* Rhymes: -inan
* Syllabification: mai‧nan

### Noun

mainan (plural mainan-mainan)
* toy:
** something to play with, especially as intended for use by a child
** a thing of little importance or value; a trifle

### See also

* permainan

### Further reading

* “mainan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# makelar
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch makelaar, from Middle Dutch makelare, from Old Frisian mek (“to marry”), from maken (“to make”). Compare German Makler.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma.kəˈlar]
* Hyphenation: ma‧kê‧lar

### Noun

makelar or makêlar
* trader, broker
    Synonyms: cengkau, pialang

#### Compounds

* makelar devisa
* makelar ekspor
* makelar impor
* makelar kasus
* makelar luar
* makelar perkara

### Further reading

* “makelar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# makhluk hidup
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of makhluk +‎ hidup (“live”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaxlʊk̚ ˈhidʊp̚/

### Noun

makhluk hidup (uncountable)
* living thing

### Further reading

* “makhluk hidup” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# makodim
## Indonesian
### Noun

makodim (uncountable)
* (military) short for markas komando distrik militer (“military district command headquarter”).
# maktab
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَكْتَب (maktab), from the root ك ت ب (k t b).

### Noun

maktab (plural maktabs)
* A traditional Islamic elementary school, primarily teaching literacy and the Qur'an.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* tambak

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay maktab, from Arabic مَكْتَب (maktab).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmak̚t̪ap̚]
* Hyphenation: mak‧tab

### Noun

maktab (plural)
* (rare, possibly obsolete) school
    Synonyms: perguruan, madrasah, sekolah
* (Islam, Hajj) an office, bureau, particularly ones providing preparatory services for Hajj pilgrimages

### Further reading

* “maktab” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Arabic مَكْتَب (maktab), from the root ك ت ب (k t b).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmaʔk.tap]

### Noun

maktab (Jawi spelling مکتب, plural maktab-maktab, informal 1st possessive maktabku, 2nd possessive maktabmu, 3rd possessive maktabnya)
* school, college

#### Derived terms

* maktab rendah (junior college)

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: maktab

#### See also

* sekolah

### Further reading

* “maktab” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai [Term?], from Classical Persian مَکْتَب (maktab, “school”), from Arabic مَكْتَبٌ m (maktabun, “traditional Islamic elementary school”), from the root ك ت ب (k t b).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mak.tab/, [mæk̟ʰ.t̪a̽b]
* Hyphenation: mak‧tab

### Noun

maktab (plural maktablar)
* school, college
# malapetaka
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay malapetaka, from Classical Malay malapetaka. Equivalent to mala- +‎ petaka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [malapəˈtaka]

### Noun

malapetaka (uncountable)
* misfortune
    Synonyms: bahala, bahaya, bala, bencana, cobaan, dakiat, keapesan, kecelakaan, kegagalan, kemaharan, kemalangan, kemudaratan, kerugian, kesialan, mara

### Further reading

* “malapetaka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kepuyuk
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Minangkabau kapuyuak

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəˈpu.juk/, [kəˈpu.jʊk̚]
* Hyphenation: ke‧pu‧yuk

### Noun

* cockroach
    Synonyms: kecoak, lipas

### Further reading

* “kepuyuk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Minangkabau kapuyuak

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəˈpujuk/ [kəˈpu.juʔ]
* Hyphenation: ke‧pu‧yuk

### Noun

* (very rare) cockroach
    Synonym: lipas

### Further reading

* “kepuyuk” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.