# ampu
## Finnish
### Etymology

From ampua (“to shoot, detonate”), either ampua +‎ -u or as a back-formation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑmpu/, [ˈɑ̝mpu]
* Rhymes: -ɑmpu
* Hyphenation: am‧pu

### Noun

ampu (informal)
* blast, detonation, explosion
    Synonyms: paukku, räjähdys, räjäytys
    Ampu tulee!Fire in the hole!
    Kaikki räjäytykset videoidaan useammalla suurnopeuskameralla, ja ampujen analysointi on auttanut kehittämään räjäytystekniikkaa.All blastings are recorded with multiple high-speed video cameras, and the analysis of the detonations has helped in improving the blasting techniques.

#### Declension

Not usually inflected.
Possessive forms of ampu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ampuni
ampuni
accusative
nom.
ampuni
ampuni
gen.
ampuni
genitive
ampuni
ampujeni
partitive
ampuani
ampujani
inessive
ampussani
ampuissani
elative
ampustani
ampuistani
illative
ampuuni
ampuihini
adessive
ampullani
ampuillani
ablative
ampultani
ampuiltani
allative
ampulleni
ampuilleni
essive
ampunani
ampuinani
translative
ampukseni
ampuikseni
abessive
amputtani
ampuittani
instructive
comitative
—ampuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ampusi
ampusi
accusative
nom.
ampusi
ampusi
gen.
ampusi
genitive
ampusi
ampujesi
partitive
ampuasi
ampujasi
inessive
ampussasi
ampuissasi
elative
ampustasi
ampuistasi
illative
ampuusi
ampuihisi
adessive
ampullasi
ampuillasi
ablative
ampultasi
ampuiltasi
allative
ampullesi
ampuillesi
essive
ampunasi
ampuinasi
translative
ampuksesi
ampuiksesi
abessive
amputtasi
ampuittasi
instructive
comitative
—ampuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ampumme
ampumme
accusative
nom.
ampumme
ampumme
gen.
ampumme
genitive
ampumme
ampujemme
partitive
ampuamme
ampujamme
inessive
ampussamme
ampuissamme
elative
ampustamme
ampuistamme
illative
ampuumme
ampuihimme
adessive
ampullamme
ampuillamme
ablative
ampultamme
ampuiltamme
allative
ampullemme
ampuillemme
essive
ampunamme
ampuinamme
translative
ampuksemme
ampuiksemme
abessive
amputtamme
ampuittamme
instructive
comitative
—ampuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ampunne
ampunne
accusative
nom.
ampunne
ampunne
gen.
ampunne
genitive
ampunne
ampujenne
partitive
ampuanne
ampujanne
inessive
ampussanne
ampuissanne
elative
ampustanne
ampuistanne
illative
ampuunne
ampuihinne
adessive
ampullanne
ampuillanne
ablative
ampultanne
ampuiltanne
allative
ampullenne
ampuillenne
essive
ampunanne
ampuinanne
translative
ampuksenne
ampuiksenne
abessive
amputtanne
ampuittanne
instructive
comitative
—ampuinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ampunsa
ampunsa
accusative
nom.
ampunsa
ampunsa
gen.
ampunsa
genitive
ampunsa
ampujensa
partitive
ampuaan ampuansa
ampujaan ampujansa
inessive
ampussaan ampussansa
ampuissaan ampuissansa
elative
ampustaan ampustansa
ampuistaan ampuistansa
illative
ampuunsa
ampuihinsa
adessive
ampullaan ampullansa
ampuillaan ampuillansa
ablative
ampultaan ampultansa
ampuiltaan ampuiltansa
allative
ampulleen ampullensa
ampuilleen ampuillensa
essive
ampunaan ampunansa
ampuinaan ampuinansa
translative
ampukseen ampuksensa
ampuikseen ampuiksensa
abessive
amputtaan amputtansa
ampuittaan ampuittansa
instructive
comitative
—ampuineen ampuinensa :

#### Derived terms

* ampu tulee (“fire in the hole”)
* ampuhaukka

### Further reading

* “ampu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈam.pu/
* Rhymes: -pu, -u
* Hyphenation: am‧pu

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay ampu (“to support”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpu. Doublet of empu.

#### Verb

ampu
* (dated) to support
    Synonyms: sangga, sokong
* (law) to legally responsible for a minor (in loco parentis) or an incompetent person
    Synonym: wali
* to teach a subject (mainly higher education institution subject)
    Synonym: ajar
* (dated) to rule, to govern

##### Derived terms

* diampu
* diampukan
* mengampu
* mengampukan
* pengampu
* pengampuan

#### Noun

ampu (plural ampu-ampu)
* (rare) Alternative form of empu

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Buginese [Term?]

#### Noun

ampu (plural ampu-ampu)
* animal barrier from tops of coconut leaves

### Further reading

* “ampu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

ampu
* Romanization of ꦲꦩ꧀ꦥꦸ

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈam.pu/
* Rhymes: -u
* Hyphenation: am‧pu

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpu. Doublet of empu.

#### Verb

ampu (Jawi spelling امڤو)
* to hold something by the palms upwards
* to uphold, to support
    Synonyms: sangga, sokong
* to flatter

##### Derived terms

* ampuan
* diampu
* diampukan
* mengampu
* mengampukan
* pengampu
* pengampuan

#### Noun

ampu (Jawi spelling امڤو, plural ampu-ampu, informal 1st possessive ampuku, 2nd possessive ampumu, 3rd possessive ampunya)
* flattery
* Alternative form of empu

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Buginese [Term?]

#### Noun

ampu (plural ampu-ampu, informal 1st possessive ampuku, 2nd possessive ampumu, 3rd possessive ampunya)
* animal barrier from tops of coconut leaves.

### References

* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “امڤو ampoe”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, pages 14-5
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “امڤو ampu”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 39
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “ampu”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 26

### Further reading

* “ampu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *empu. Cognate with Toba Batak ompu, Malay perempuan.

### Noun

ampu
* a distinguished person
* religious persons (brahmans and others)
* sir, master, lord
* the honorable or reverend

#### Alternative forms

* pu
* mpu
* ĕmpu

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦲꦩ꧀ꦥꦸ (ampu) (inherited)

### Further reading

* "ampu" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.