# modus
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin modus (“measure, manner, mood”). Doublet of mode.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈməʊdəs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊdəs

### Noun

modus (plural modi)
* (law, obsolete) The arrangement of, or mode of expressing, the terms of a contract or conveyance.
* (law) A qualification involving the idea of variation or departure from some general rule or form, in the way of either restriction or enlargement, according to the circumstances of the case, as in the will of a donor, an agreement between parties, etc.
* (law) A fixed compensation or equivalent given instead of payment of tithes in kind, expressed in full by the phrase modus decimandi.
** 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:To make a good and sufficient modus, the following rules must be observed
** 1776, Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations:When, instead either of a certain portion of the produce of land, or of the price of a certain portion, a certain sum of money is to be paid in full compensation for all tax or tythe; the tax becomes, in this case, exactly of the same nature with the land tax of England. It neither rises nor falls with the rent of the land. It neither encourages nor discourages improvement. The tythe in the greater part of those parishes which pay what is called a modus, in lieu of all other tythe is a tax of this kind. During the Mahometan government of Bengal, instead of the payment in kind of the fifth part of the produce, a modus, and, it is said, a very moderate one, was established in the greater part of the districts or zemindaries of the country. Some of the servants of the East India company, under pretence of restoring the public revenue to its proper value, have, in some provinces, exchanged this modus for a payment in kind. Under their management, this change is likely both to discourage cultivation, and to give new opportunities for abuse in the collection of the public revenue, which has fallen very much below what it was said to have been when it first fell under the management of the company. The servants of the company may, perhaps, have profited by the change, but at the expense, it is probable, both of their masters and of the country.
** 1829, Walter Savage Landor, “Duke de Richelieu, Sir Firebrace Cotes, Lady Glengrin. and Mr. Normanby”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, volume V (second series, volume II), London: James Duncan, […], →OCLC:They, from time immemorial, had paid a modus, or composition.
** 1917, The English Reports: Exchequer, page 789:That there is and from time immemorial has been within that part of the parish called Mablethorpe St. Mary's a laudable custom that, if any outdweller take ancient pasture ground, he shall pay a modus of 4d. an acre, and so in proportion, on the 1st of August, in lieu of all manner of tithe; and that if any of the ancient pasture be once ploughed up or meadowed, it shall, when restored to pasture again, pay 4d. the acre in the hands of such outdweller.

#### See also

* est modus in rebus
* modus morons
* modus operandi
* modus operandum
* modus operandus
* modus ponendo ponens
* modus ponendo tollens
* modus ponens
* modus tollendo ponens
* modus tollendo tollens
* modus tollens
* modus vivendi
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “modus”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* Odums, domus, doums, odums

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from English modus operandi, from Latin modus operandī.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: mo‧dus
* IPA: /ˈmodus/ [ˈmo.d̪ʊs̪]

### Noun

módus (Badlit spelling ᜋᜓᜇᜓᜐ᜔)
* Ellipsis of modus operandi.

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:modus.

### Anagrams

* dusmo

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmodus]

### Noun

modus m inan
* (statistics) mode (value occurring most frequently in a distribution)
* (music) mode

#### Related terms

* modalita
* modální
* model
* modelář
* moderátor
* modul
* mód

## Finnish
### Etymology

< Latin modus

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmodus/, [ˈmo̞dus̠]
* Rhymes: -odus
* Hyphenation: mo‧dus

### Noun

modus
* (grammar) mood

#### Declension

Possessive forms of modus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
modukseni
modukseni
accusative
nom.
modukseni
modukseni
gen.
modukseni
genitive
modukseni
modusteni moduksieni
partitive
modustani
moduksiani
inessive
moduksessani
moduksissani
elative
moduksestani
moduksistani
illative
modukseeni
moduksiini
adessive
moduksellani
moduksillani
ablative
modukseltani
moduksiltani
allative
modukselleni
moduksilleni
essive
moduksenani
moduksinani
translative
moduksekseni
moduksikseni
abessive
moduksettani
moduksittani
instructive
comitative
—moduksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
moduksesi
moduksesi
accusative
nom.
moduksesi
moduksesi
gen.
moduksesi
genitive
moduksesi
modustesi moduksiesi
partitive
modustasi
moduksiasi
inessive
moduksessasi
moduksissasi
elative
moduksestasi
moduksistasi
illative
modukseesi
moduksiisi
adessive
moduksellasi
moduksillasi
ablative
modukseltasi
moduksiltasi
allative
moduksellesi
moduksillesi
essive
moduksenasi
moduksinasi
translative
modukseksesi
moduksiksesi
abessive
moduksettasi
moduksittasi
instructive
comitative
—moduksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
moduksemme
moduksemme
accusative
nom.
moduksemme
moduksemme
gen.
moduksemme
genitive
moduksemme
modustemme moduksiemme
partitive
modustamme
moduksiamme
inessive
moduksessamme
moduksissamme
elative
moduksestamme
moduksistamme
illative
modukseemme
moduksiimme
adessive
moduksellamme
moduksillamme
ablative
modukseltamme
moduksiltamme
allative
moduksellemme
moduksillemme
essive
moduksenamme
moduksinamme
translative
modukseksemme
moduksiksemme
abessive
moduksettamme
moduksittamme
instructive
comitative
—moduksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
moduksenne
moduksenne
accusative
nom.
moduksenne
moduksenne
gen.
moduksenne
genitive
moduksenne
modustenne moduksienne
partitive
modustanne
moduksianne
inessive
moduksessanne
moduksissanne
elative
moduksestanne
moduksistanne
illative
modukseenne
moduksiinne
adessive
moduksellanne
moduksillanne
ablative
modukseltanne
moduksiltanne
allative
moduksellenne
moduksillenne
essive
moduksenanne
moduksinanne
translative
modukseksenne
moduksiksenne
abessive
moduksettanne
moduksittanne
instructive
comitative
—moduksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
moduksensa
moduksensa
accusative
nom.
moduksensa
moduksensa
gen.
moduksensa
genitive
moduksensa
modustensa moduksiensa
partitive
modustaan modustansa
moduksiaan moduksiansa
inessive
moduksessaan moduksessansa
moduksissaan moduksissansa
elative
moduksestaan moduksestansa
moduksistaan moduksistansa
illative
modukseensa
moduksiinsa
adessive
moduksellaan moduksellansa
moduksillaan moduksillansa
ablative
modukseltaan modukseltansa
moduksiltaan moduksiltansa
allative
modukselleen moduksellensa
moduksilleen moduksillensa
essive
moduksenaan moduksenansa
moduksinaan moduksinansa
translative
moduksekseen modukseksensa
moduksikseen moduksiksensa
abessive
moduksettaan moduksettansa
moduksittaan moduksittansa
instructive
comitative
—moduksineen moduksinensa :

### Further reading

* “modus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin modus. Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modern.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmo.dʊs]
* Hyphenation: mo‧dus

### Noun

modus (plural modus-modus)
* mode,
** (mathematics, statistics) the most frequently occurring value in a distribution
** (linguistics) mood, a verb form that depends on how its containing clause relates to the speaker’s or writer’s wish, intent, or assertion about reality
** a particular means of accomplishing something
    Synonym: cara
* (colloquial) modus operandi, a known criminal's established habits and mode of work when committing specific offences, especially fraud, matched with characteristics of an unsolved crime to narrow down (limit to a specific list) or profile suspects

#### Alternative forms

* mod (Johor-Riau)

#### Derived terms

* modus desideratif
* modus imperatif
* modus indikatif
* modus interogatif
* modus kejahatan
* modus operandi
* modus operasi
* modus optatif

#### Related terms

* mode
* model
* modern
* modernisme
* modis
* modul
* modulasi

### Further reading

* “modus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *modos, from Proto-Indo-European *mod-ós (“measure”), from *med- (“to measure”); compare especially Ancient Greek μήδεᾰ (mḗdeă, “counsels, plans”), Old Armenian միտ (mit, “thought”). But note as the oblique cases would be expected as *moder- (e.g. gen.: moderis), thus moderor, modestus etc. Contrast mōs for the senses of manner and way.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈmo.dus/, [ˈmɔd̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈmo.dus/, [ˈmɔːd̪us]

### Noun

modus m (genitive modī); second declension
* measure
* bound, limit, end
    Synonyms: līmes, fīnis, cacūmen
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.98:“Sed quis erit modus, aut quō nunc certāmine tantō?”“But what will be the end [of it], or to where [do we go] now with a rivalry so great?” (Juno is speaking to Venus.)
* manner (of doing or being arranged), way (of doing or being arranged), method
    Synonyms: ratiō, disciplīna
    Quem ad modum ― like, such, in what manner
    hoc modo ― in this manner
    admirandum in modum ― wonderfully (literally: in a wonderful manner)
    miserandum in modum ― miserably (literally: in a miserable manner)
    hostilem in modum ― in a hostile manner (Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, I, 5)
** Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico I, 36:quem ad modum vellentin what manner they pleased
** 1272, an unknown source in The Natural History of Precious Stones and of the Precious Metals (1867), viii, page 269:
    Una Perla ad modum camahuti.A pearl in the manner of a cameo.
* (grammar) mood, mode

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* commodus
* moderor
* modestus
* modicus
* modificō
* modius
* modō
* modulus
* multimodis
* multimodus
* quemadmodum
* quōmodo

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: mode (learned)
* → English: mode
* Old French: mode
** Middle French: mode
*** French: mode (see there for further descendants)
** Romanian: mod
* Friulian: mût
* Galician: modo
* → German: Modus
* → Hungarian: mód
* Italian: modo
* → Old Irish: mod
** Irish: modh
** Scottish Gaelic: modh
* Portuguese: modo
* Sicilian: modu
* Spanish: modo
* → Welsh: modd

### References

* ↑ “modo, mo'” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “modus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 384-5

### Further reading

* “modus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “modus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "modus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* modus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the melody: modi (De Or. 1. 42. 187) to compose, put to music: modos facere to observe moderation, be moderate: modum tenere, retinere, servare, adhibere to set a limit to a thing: modum facere, statuere, constituere alicui rei or alicuius rei to pass the limit: modum transire to pass the limit: extra modum prodire to pass the limit: ultra modum progredi to show moderation in a matter: moderationem, modum adhibere in aliqua re beyond all measure: extra, praeter modum to limit one's expenditure: sumptibus modum statuere (ambiguous) to translate freely: his fere verbis, hoc fere modo convertere, transferre (ambiguous) with no moderation: sine modo; nullo modo adhibito (ambiguous) to flee like deer, sheep: pecorum modo fugere (Liv. 40. 27)
* modus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* DIZIONARIO LATINO OLIVETTI

### Anagrams

* domus

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin modus.

### Noun

modus m (definite singular modusen, indefinite plural modi or moduser, definite plural modiene or modusene)
* mode
* (grammar) mood

#### Derived terms

* dvalemodus

### References

* “modus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin modus.

### Noun

modus m (definite singular modusen, indefinite plural modi or modusar, definite plural modiane or modusane)
* mode
* (grammar) mood

#### Derived terms

* dvalemodus

### References

* “modus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Ellipsis of English modus operandi, from New Latin.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈmodus/ [ˈmoː.d̪ʊs]
* Rhymes: -odus
* Syllabification: mo‧dus

### Noun

modus (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜇᜓᜐ᜔)
* (law enforcement) modus operandi

#### See also

* budol