# kepala
## Brunei Malay
### Etymology

From Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kə.pa.la/

### Noun

kepala
* (anatomy) head (part of the body)

#### Derived terms

* kepala rumah
* kepalai
* sekepala

## Iban
### Etymology

From Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kə.pa.laʔ/

### Noun

kepala
* (anatomy) head (part of the body)
* (figurative) leader, chief, head

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay kepala, from Classical Malay: کڤالا (kepala), from Pali kapāla, from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kapā́las, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kapā́las, from Proto-Indo-European *káp-ōl (“head, bowl”). Doublet of kopra.
* Sense of leader and chief is a semantic loan from Dutch hoofd via Malay.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English head.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kə.ˈpä.lä]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kê‧pa‧la
* Rhymes: -la, -a

### Noun

kepala (plural kepala-kepala)
* (anatomy) head: the part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth and main sense organs
    Synonyms: hulu, tendas, jemala
* (figurative) leader, chief, head
    Synonyms: ketua, pemimpin
    Kepala suku ― Tribal chief
    Kepala sekolah ― Head teacher (lit. "head of school")
    Synonym: bas
* (computing) head: part of a disk drive responsible for reading and writing data

#### Derived terms

* berkepala
* kepala-kepalaan
* mengepalai
* mengepalakan
* kepala dingin
* kepala dua
* kepala gudang
* kepala guntur
* kepala kain
* kepala lakon
* kepala lorong
* kepala negara
* kepala negeri
* kepala not
* kepala pasukan
* kepala payung
* kepala sari
* kepala sarung
* kepala sekolah
* kepala stasiun
* kepala stik
* kepala suku
* kepala surat
* kepala tongkat
* kepala udang
* kepala waris
* kepala wilayah
* kepala zakar

### Further reading

* “kepala” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

kepala
* Romanization of ꦏꦼꦥꦭ

## Malay
### Etymology

From Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”). Main anatomy sense mostly displaced native word hulu except in court language.
* Sense of leader and chief is a semantic loan from Dutch hoofd, compare with penghulu.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English head.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /kəpalə/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /kəpala/
* Rhymes: -alə, -lə, -ə
* Rhymes: -a

### Noun

kĕpala (Jawi spelling کڤالا, plural kepala-kepala, informal 1st possessive kepalaku, 2nd possessive kepalamu, 3rd possessive kepalanya)
* (anatomy) head (part of the body)
    Synonyms: hulu, tendas, jemala
* top part or layer of something
    Synonym: hulu
    kepala kain: front broad stripe found in some sarong patterns
    kepala susu: cream of milk
    kepala santan: coconut cream
    kepala surat: letterhead
    kepala berita: headline
    kepala lutut: kneecap, patella
* (figurative) leader, chief, head
    Synonyms: ketua, pemimpin
    Kepala suku ― Tribal chief
    Kepala sekolah ― Head teacher (lit. "head of school")
* source
    Synonyms: punca, sumber
* (computing) head: part of a disk drive responsible for reading and writing data.

#### Derived terms

* berkepala
* kepala-kepalaan
* mengepalai
* mengepalakan
* sekepala
* besar kepala
* kepala air
* kepala angin
* kepala bahu
* kepala batu
* kepala berat
* kepala berita
* kepala busung
* kepala daerah
* kepala desa
* kepala dingin
* kepala dua
* kepala guntur
* kepala kain
* kepala kampung
* kepala karangan
* kepala keluarga
* kepala kereta api
* kepala kodi
* kepala lakon
* kepala lorong
* kepala lutut
* kepala pasukan
* kepala payung
* kepala pemerintahan
* kepala pulau
* kepala putik
* kepala raja
* kepala santan
* kepala sari
* kepala sarung
* kepala suku
* kepala surat
* kepala susu
* kepala tahun
* kepala tirai
* kepala tongkat
* kepala udang
* kepala zakar
* ringan kepala
* sakit kepala

### References

* Edi Sedyawati, Ellya Iswati, Kusparyati Boedhijono, Dyah Widjajanti D. (1994) Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, →ISBN, page 96
* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “کڤال kapala”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek‎, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 83
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “کڤال kĕpala”, in A Malay-English dictionary‎, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 521
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “kĕpala”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised)‎, volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 561

### Further reading

* “kepala” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Maranao
### Noun

kepala
* head