OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# perantara
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* pengantara

### Etymology

Affixation of pe- +‎ antara.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.ranˈta.ra/
* Hyphenation: pê‧ran‧ta‧ra

### Noun

perantara (plural)
* intermediary
** an agent acting as a mediator between sides to facilitate agreement or cooperation
    Synonym: mediator
** a person or organisation in an intermediate position (in a transaction, agreement, supply chain etc.)
    Synonyms: pialang, makelar, calo
** one or several stages of an event which occurs after the start and before the end
    Synonyms: jalan, lantaran

### Further reading

* “perantara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perban
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch verband (“bandage”), from Middle Dutch verbant.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pər.ban/
* Hyphenation: pêr‧ban

### Noun

pêrban (plural perban-perban)
* (medicine) bandage

#### Derived terms

* diperban
* memerban

### Further reading

* “perban” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perbandingan hukum
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of perbandingan (“comparation”) +‎ hukum (“law”).

### Noun

perbandingan hukum (uncountable)
* (law) comparative law

### Further reading

* “perbandingan hukum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# percontoh acak
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of percontoh (“sample”) +‎ acak (“random”).

### Noun

percontoh acak (plural percontoh-percontoh acak)
* (statistics) random sample: a sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
    Synonym: sampel acak

### Further reading

* “percontoh acak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perdagangan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

dagang +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərdaˈɡaŋan]
* Hyphenation: per‧da‧gang‧an

### Noun

pêrdagangan (uncountable)
* commerce, trade
    Synonym: perniagaan

#### Derived terms

* perdagangan anak
* perdagangan budak
* perdagangan efek
* perdagangan gelap
* perdagangan jasa
* perdagangan narkotika dan psikotropika ilegal
* perdagangan orang
* perdagangan orang dalam
* perdagangan senjata gelap
* perdagangan transit
* perdagangan wanita

### Further reading

* “perdagangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# fofofauna
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From fofo (“cute”) +‎ fauna.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌfo.foˈfaw.nɐ/ [ˌfo.foˈfaʊ̯.nɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌfo.foˈfaw.nɐ/ [ˌfo.foˈfaʊ̯.nɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˌfo.foˈfaw.na/ [ˌfo.foˈfaʊ̯.na]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˌfo.fuˈfaw.nɐ/
* Rhymes: -awnɐ
* Hyphenation: fo‧fo‧fau‧na

### Noun

fofofauna f (usually uncountable, plural fofofaunas)
* (Brazil, chiefly university slang) charismatic megafauna (literally, “cute fauna”)
    Synonym: megafauna carismática
** 2019 December 17, Alan Deivid Pereira, Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia, Mário Luis Orsi, “A ‘fofofauna’ esconde perigos: mamíferos invasores no Brasil [‘Cutefauna’ hides dangers: invasive mammals in Brazil]”, in Revista Bioika‎, 4 edition, →ISSN:
** 2023 May 7, Gabriel Pires, “Fofofauna: entenda o que é o fenômeno que privilegia animais considerados ‘fofinhos’ e ‘carismáticos’ [Cutefauna: the phenomenon that prioritizes animals seen as ‘charismatic cuties’]”, in O Liberal‎, Belém: Delta Publicidade:O analista ambiental do Ibama, Roberto Cabral, explica que “fofofauna” é um tipo de apelido — até utilizado em um tom mais cômico — para o termo técnico “megafauna carismática”: aqueles animais que despertam maior afeto entre as pessoas. Seja por serem mais dóceis ou até mesmo graciosos na aparência. O especialista comenta que a palavra “fofofauna” surgiu em reuniões de biólogos e estudiosos.Ibama's environmental analyst, Roberto Cabral, explains that “cutefauna” is a moniker — used even in a more comical tone — for the technical term “charismatic megafauna”: those animals that arouse greater affection among people, whether from being more docile, or even gracious in appearance. The expert commented that the word “cutefauna” was first used at meetings of biologists and other scholars.
# peredaran darah besar
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of peredaran +‎ darah +‎ besar, calque of Dutch grote bloedsomloop.

### Noun

peredaran darah besar (uncountable)
* (anatomy) systemic circulation: the part of blood circulation which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart
    Synonym: sirkulasi sistemik
# perelek
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Sundanese pérélék (“(onomatopoeia, inchoative) to fall out or roll out in granules, i.e. rice”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peˈre.lek/, [peˈre.lek̚]

### Noun

perelek
* the practice of collecting rice from bamboo containers set in front of residents' houses, intended for communal or social use

### Further reading

* “perelek” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
* "Mengenal Beas Perelek, Solusi Budaya Sunda Mengatasi Ketersediaan Pangan", from GNFI
# pergeseran populasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pergeseran +‎ populasi.

### Noun

pergeseran populasi (plural pergeseran-pergeseran populasi)
* (demography) population shift: a change in the number of people in a specific group or area over time

### Further reading

* “pergeseran populasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perguruan tinggi swasta
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of perguruan tinggi (“higher education institution”) +‎ swasta (“private”).

### Noun

perguruan tinggi swasta (uncountable)
* (education) private higher education institution

#### Alternative forms

* PTS

#### Synonyms

* institusi pengajian tinggi swasta (IPTS) (Standard Malay)
# perifer
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch perifeer, from Ancient Greek περιφερής (peripherḗs, “moving around, round, circular”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [peˈrifɛr]
* Hyphenation: pé‧ri‧fèr

### Adjective

périfèr
* peripheral

#### Alternative forms

* periferi (Johor-Riau)

### Further reading

* “perifer” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek περιφερής (peripherḗs, “moving around, round, circular”).

### Adjective

perifer (masculine and feminine perifer, neuter perifert, definite singular and plural perifere)
* peripheral

#### Related terms

* periferi

### References

* “perifer” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “perifer” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek περιφερής (peripherḗs).

### Adjective

perifer (neuter perifert, definite singular and plural perifere)
* peripheral

#### Related terms

* periferi

### References

* “perifer” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Adjective

perifer (not comparable)
* peripheral

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Related terms

* periferi

### References

* perifer in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* perifer in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* perifer in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
# perkenaan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From kena +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pərkəˈnaan/ [pər.kəˈna.an]
* Rhymes: -aan
* Syllabification: per‧ke‧na‧an

### Noun

pêrkênaan
* hit, strike

### Further reading

* “perkenaan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
* Alan M. Stevens, A. Ed. Schmidgall-Tellings (2010) A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary‎, second edition, Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, →ISBN, page 478b
# perkeretaapian
## Indonesian
### Etymology

kereta api (“train”) +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pərkərətaaˈpian/ [pər.kə.rə.t̪a.aˈpi.an]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: per‧ke‧re‧ta‧a‧pi‧an

### Noun

perkeretaapian (uncountable)
* railway, railroad: a transport system using rails used to move passengers or goods

#### Derived terms

* elektrifikasi perkeretaapian

### Further reading

* “perkeretaapian” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perkiraan antarsensus
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of perkiraan +‎ antar- +‎ sensus.

### Noun

perkiraan antarsensus (plural perkiraan-perkiraan antarsensus)
* (demography) intercensal estimate: population estimates made for the years between two censuses

### Further reading

* “perkiraan antarsensus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perlip
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch verlief (infinitive verlieven (“to fall in love”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərˈlɪp]
* Hyphenation: pêr‧lip

### Noun

perlip or pêrlip
* (colloquial) falling in love

### Further reading

* “perlip” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# permadani
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦥꦼꦂꦩꦢꦤꦶ (permadani, “carpet”), from Malayalam പരവതാനി (paravatāni).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pərmaˈdani/ [pər.maˈda.ni]
* Rhymes: -ani
* Syllabification: per‧ma‧da‧ni

### Noun

pêrmadani (uncountable)
* carpet: a fabric used as a complete floor covering
    Synonyms: ambal, hamparan, karpet

#### Alternative forms

* permaidani (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

#### Derived terms

* bepermadani

### References

* ↑ Hoogervorst, Tom (2015). "Detecting pre-modern lexical influence from South India in Maritime Southeast Asia". Archipel. 89: 74.

### Further reading

* “permadani” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# permisi
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* permissie (1901–1947)

### Etymology

From Dutch permissie, Middle Dutch permissie, from Middle French permission, from Latin permissio.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərˈmisi]
* Hyphenation: pêr‧mi‧si

### Noun

permisi (plural)
* permission
** authorisation; consent (especially formal consent from someone in authority)
    Synonyms: izin, perkenan
** leave: permission to be absent; time away from one's work
    Synonyms: cuti, perlop
* forgiveness, apology

### Interjection

permisi
* said as a polite request for an individual's attention; to pass, to apologize for one's inconvenience, equivalent to pardon, or excuse me

#### Derived terms

* memermisikan

### Further reading

* “permisi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Verb

permisi
* first-person singular past historic of permettere

### Anagrams

* esprimi, impresi, premisi

## Latin
### Verb

permīsī
* first-person singular perfect active indicative of permittō
# perpu
## Indonesian
### Noun

perpu (uncountable)
* (law, government) acronym of peraturan pemerintah pengganti undang-undang (literally “legislation-replacement government (administrative) law”).
# persembahan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed sembah +‎ per- -an, inherited from Malay persembahan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pərsəmˈbahan/
* Hyphenation: pêr‧sêm‧bah‧an

### Noun

persembahan (plural persembahan-persembahan)
* offering:
** the act by which something is offered
** that which has been offered; a sacrifice
** an oblation or presentation made as a religious act
** a contribution given at a religious service
* presentation: something presented
* tribute
* dedication page (a note addressed to parents or friend, prefixed to a written work as a token of respect, esteem, or affection)
    Persembahan pada skripsi biasanya ditujukan kepada orang tua dan pasangan.(please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (art) performance: a live show or concert
    Synonyms: penampilan, performa, sajian, unjuk kerja
* (Christianity) offertory, a collection of alms from the congregation
    Synonym: kolekte

### Further reading

* “persembahan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Affixed sembah +‎ per- -an.

### Noun

persembahan (Jawi spelling ڤرسمبهن, plural persembahan-persembahan, informal 1st possessive persembahanku, 2nd possessive persembahanmu, 3rd possessive persembahannya)
* gift, tribute
    Synonym: hadiah
* offering
* performance
    Synonyms: pertunjukan, pementasan
* presentation
    Synonym: pembentangan

### Further reading

* “persembahan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# perseliran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From selir +‎ per- -an.

### Noun

perseliran (plural perseliran-perseliran)
* concubinage

### Further reading

* “perseliran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perseratus
## Indonesian
### Etymology

per +‎ seratus

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərsəˈratʊs]
* Hyphenation: pêr‧sê‧ra‧tus

### Noun

perseratus (plural perseratus-perseratus)
* percent, percentage: the amount, number or rate of something, regarded as part of a total of 100; a part of a whole

#### Synonyms

* (percent): peratus, persen, prosen, seperseratus
* (percent): peratus (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

### Further reading

* “perseratus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# persentase
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Reconstructed from persen +‎ -ase, borrowed from Dutch percentage.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərsɛnˈtasə]
* Hyphenation: pêr‧sèn‧ta‧sê

### Noun

pêrsèntasê (uncountable)
* percentage: the amount, number or rate of something, regarded as part of a total of 100; a part of a whole

#### Alternative forms

* presentase
* prosentase

#### Derived terms

* persentase beranak
* persentase layu

### Further reading

* “persentase” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# persidangan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed sidang +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pərsiˈdaŋan/
* Rhymes: -an, -n
* Hyphenation: pêr‧si‧dang‧an

### Noun

pêrsidangan (plural persidangan-persidangan)
* (law) trial: appearance at judicial court in order to be examined
    Synonym: sidang
    Synonym: perbicaraan (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* persidangan anak

### Further reading

* “persidangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perumahan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed of per- +‎ rumah +‎ -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.ruˈma.han/, [pə.ruˈma.han]

### Noun

perumahan (plural perumahan-perumahan)
* (uncountable) housing (residences, collectively)
# perumahan umum
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of perumahan (“housing”) +‎ umum (“public”).

### Noun

perumahan umum (plural perumahan-perumahan umum)
* (construction, engineering) public housing: affordable housing provided in buildings that are usually owned and managed by local government, central government, nonprofit organizations or a combination thereof

#### Alternative forms

* perum

### Further reading

* “perumahan umum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perumnas
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pəˈrumnas/ [pəˈrum.nas]
* Rhymes: -umnas
* Syllabification: pe‧rum‧nas

### Noun

perumnas (plural perumnas-perumnas)
* Acronym of perumahan nasional.
# perusahaan asuransi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of perusahaan (“company”) +‎ asuransi (“insurance”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pərusaˈhaan asuˈransi/

### Noun

perusahaan asuransi (plural perusahaan-perusahaan asuransi)
* (business) insurance company, insurance carrier

#### Synonyms

* maskapai asuransi
* syarikat insurans (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “perusahaan asuransi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perusahaan jawatan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of perusahaan (“corporation”) +‎ jawatan (“service, office”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pər.u.sa.ˈha.an d͡ʒa.ˈwat.an/

### Noun

perusahaan jawatan (plural perusahaan-perusahaan jawatan)
* (historical) a form of state-owned enterprise whose capital is entirely owned by the government

#### Alternative forms

* perjan

### Further reading

* “perusahaan jawatan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perusahaan rintisan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of perusahaan (“company”) +‎ rintisan, calque of English startup company. Coined in July 2010 by a netizen Angga Satriya (username Satrion) in comment section of an article about equivalent term for startup company in Ivan Lanin personal blog.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pərusaˈhaan rɪnˈtisan/

### Noun

perusahaan rintisan (plural perusahaan-perusahaan rintisan)
* startup, a new company or organization or business venture designed for rapid growth
# perwira
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay perwira, from Malay perwira (“hero; brave”), from Sanskrit प्रवीर (pravīra). Doublet of prawira.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərˈwira]
* Hyphenation: pêr‧wi‧ra

### Noun

pêrwira (plural perwira-perwira)
* (military, law enforcement) officer
    Synonym: opsir
* (obsolete) hero, brave
    Synonym: pahlawan

### Adjective

perwira
* (obsolete) heroic, brave
    Synonyms: gagah, berani

### Related terms

* wira

### Further reading

* “perwira” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pesantian
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Circumfixed santi +‎ peng- -an, from Sanskrit शान्ति (śānti, “peace, tranquility, quiet, ease”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pə.sanˈti.an]
* Hyphenation: pê‧san‧ti‧an

### Noun

pêsantian (plural pesantian-pesantian)
* (Hinduism) nonformal learning institution

### Further reading

* “pesantian” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pesantren
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Reconstructed as santri +‎ peng- -an, from Javanese ꦥꦼꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀꧈ ꦥꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀ (pesantrén, pasantrén).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəˈsantrɛn]
* Hyphenation: pê‧san‧trèn

### Noun

pêsantrèn (plural pesantren-pesantren)
* (Islam) ellipsis of pondok pesantren.: an Islamic boarding school, primarily teaching Islam and the Qur'an,
* (Islam, rare) synonym of madrasah

#### Alternative forms

* pesantrian

### Further reading

* “pesantren” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# エトゥ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* エト゚

### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *Etu LL (“nose”).

### Noun

エトゥ • (etu)
* (Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) nose
* a bird's bill or beak
* a spout
* the tip of a knife or sword

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * Batchelor, John (1926) An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Kyobunkan
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)
   * DYBOWSKI のシュムシュ島アイヌ語資料について（第1部） (DYBOWSKI No Shumushu Tō Ainu Go Shiryō Ni Tsuite (Dai 1 Bu), “On DYBOWSKI's Shumshu Island Ainu Language Materials (Part 1)”)‎ (in Japanese), Fukuoka: 村山七郎 (Murayama Shichirō), 1970 (Kuril)
   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# kulit luar
## Indonesian
### Etymology

kulit +‎ luar.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˌkulit ˈluar/ [ˌku.lɪt̪̚ ˈlu.ar]
* Rhymes: -ar
* Syllabification: ku‧lit lu‧ar

### Noun

kulit luar (plural kulit-kulit luar)
* (botany) testa (the protective outer cover of a seed)

### Further reading

* “kulit luar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kultivasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch cultivatie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʊltiˈvasi/
* Hyphenation: kul‧ti‧va‧si

### Noun

kultivasi (uncountable)
* cultivation: tillage of crops, collection of (micro-)organisms
    Synonyms: budidaya, kultur

#### Derived terms

* kultivasi parsial
* kultivasi total

### Further reading

* “kultivasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kuluyuk
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kuˈlujʊk]
* Hyphenation: ku‧lu‧yuk

### Noun

kuluyuk (uncountable)
* (cooking) Alternative spelling of keluyuk (“sweet-and-sour”)
# kunjungan kehormatan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of kunjungan +‎ kehormatan.

### Noun

kunjungan kehormatan (plural kunjungan-kunjungan kehormatan)
* (politics) courtesy call: a usually symbolic formal meeting in which a diplomat or representative of a state pays a visit out of courtesy to a head of state or state office holder

### Further reading

* “kunjungan kehormatan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.