# dam
## Translingual
### Symbol

dam
* (metrology) Symbol for decameter (decametre), an SI unit of length equal to 10$^1$ meters (metres).
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Damakawa.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Damakawa terms

## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /dæm/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Homophone: damn
* Rhymes: -æm

### Etymology 1

From Middle English dam, from Old English *damm, from Proto-West Germanic *damm, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.

#### Noun

dam (plural dams)
* A structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow or part of the flow, generally for purposes such as retaining or diverting some of the water or retarding the release of accumulated water to avoid abrupt flooding.
    A dam is often an essential source of water to farmers of hilly country.
** 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad‎:Nothing could be more business-like than the construction of the stout dams, and nothing more gently rural than the limpid lakes, with the grand old forest trees marshalled round their margins […]
** 2013 August 16, John Vidal, “Dams endanger ecology of Himalayas”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 10, page 8:Most of the Himalayan rivers have been relatively untouched by dams near their sources. Now the two great Asian powers, India and China, are rushing to harness them as they cut through some of the world's deepest valleys.
* The water reservoir resulting from placing such a structure.
    Boats may only be used at places set aside for boating on the dam.
* (dentistry) A device to prevent a tooth from getting wet during dental work, consisting of a rubber sheet held with a band.
* (South Africa, Australia) A reservoir.
* A firebrick wall, or a stone, which forms the front of the hearth of a blast furnace.

##### Derived terms

* antidam
* bear-trap dam
* beaver dam, Beaver Dam
* coffer-dam
* coffer dam
* cofferdam
* dambreak
* dam break
* damburst
* dambuster
* dambusting
* dam failure
* damlike
* dammable
* dam plate
* damside
* damsire
* dental dam
* earthquake dam
* gravity dam
* hydroelectric dam
* ice dam
* ice dam membrane
* mill dam
* sand dam
* shutter dam
* splash dam
* water over the dam

##### Translations

Afrikaans: dam (af)
Albanian: pendë (sq) f, digë (sq) f
Amharic: ግድብ (gədb)
Arabic: سَدّ m (sadd)
Egyptian Arabic: سد m (sadd)
Armenian: ամբարտակ (hy) (ambartak), պատնեշ (hy) (patneš)
Azerbaijani: bənd (az), sədd, damba
Bashkir: быуа (bıwa)
Belarusian: плаці́на (be) f (placína), да́мба f (dámba)
Bengali: বাঁধ (bn) (bãdh)
Bouyei: waail
Bulgarian: бент (bg) m (bent)
Burmese: ရေကာတာ (my) (rekata)
Catalan: presa (ca) f
Chakma: 𑄉𑄧𑄙 (gadhā)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 壩 / 坝 (baa$^3$), 水壩 / 水坝 (seoi$^2$ baa$^3$), 大壩 / 大坝 (daai$^6$ baa$^3$)
Dungan: бэ (be), фибэ (fibe)
Hokkien: 水壩 / 水坝 (chúi-pà)
Mandarin: 壩 / 坝 (zh) (bà), 水壩 / 水坝 (zh) (shuǐbà), 大壩 / 大坝 (zh) (dàbà)
Chuvash: пӗвӗ (pĕvĕ)
Cornish: arge m
Crimean Tatar: bent
Czech: hráz (cs) f, přehrada (cs) f
Danish: dæmning (da) c
Dutch: dam (nl) m
Egyptian: (dnjt)
Erzya: каваз (kavaz)
Esperanto: akvobaraĵo
Estonian: pais
Farefare: mõgrɛ
Finnish: pato (fi)
French: barrage (fr) m
Galician: presa (gl) f, encoro (gl) m, touta f, tarula f
Georgian: კაშხალი (ḳašxali), ჯებირი (ǯebiri), დამბა (damba)
German: Talsperre (de) m, Damm (de) m, Staudamm (de) m
Greek: φράγμα (el) n (frágma)
Ancient: ἄνδηρον n (ándēron)
Hebrew: סֶכֶר (he) m (sékher)
Hindi: बाँध (hi) m (bāndh)
Hungarian: gát (hu)
Hunsrik: Damm m
Icelandic: stífla f
Ido: aquobarilo (io)
Indonesian: bendungan (id), empang (id)
Ingrian: plotina
Italian: argine (it) m, diga (it) f
Japanese: ダム (ja) (damu), 堰堤 (ja) (えんてい, entei)
Kannada: ಕಟ್ಟೆ (kn) (kaṭṭe)
Kazakh: бөгет (böget), дамба (damba)
Khmer: ទំនប់ (km) (tumnup)
Korean: 댐 (ko) (daem), 언제(堰堤) (ko) (eonje) (North Korea)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: بەربەست (berbest)
Northern Kurdish: bendav (ku), sikur (ku)
Kyrgyz: бөгөт (ky) (bögöt), дамба (ky) (damba), плотина (plotina)
Lao: ຝາຍ (fāi), ເຂື່ອນ (lo) (khư̄an)
Latvian: dambis (lv) m, aizsprosts (lv) m
Lithuanian: užtvanka f, damba f
Lü: ᦚᦻ (ḟaay)
Macedonian: брана f (brana), насип m (nasip)
Malay: empang (ms), empangan (ms), pengempang, ampang, bendung, bendungan, pembendung, tebat, tambak (ms), tandup, alahan (ms)
Malayalam: അണ (ml) (aṇa), അണക്കെട്ട് (ml) (aṇakkeṭṭŭ), ചിറ (ml) (ciṟa)
Maltese: diga
Manchu: ᡩᠠᠯᠠᠨ (dalan), ᡩᠠᠯᠠᠩᡤᠠ (dalangga)
Maori: matatara, pāwai
Middle English: dam
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: далан (mn) (dalan), боомт (mn) (boomt)
Navajo: dáʼdeestłʼin, tó beʼekʼid
Norwegian:
Bokmål: demning m or f, dam (no) m
Nynorsk: demning m or f, dam (no) m
Pashto: ډم (ps) m (ḍǝm), بند (ps) m (band)
Persian: سَدّ (fa) (sadd), آب‌بَند (fa) (âb-band), بَند (fa) (band) (Dari)
Plautdietsch: Daum m
Polish: tama (pl) f, zapora (pl) f
Portuguese: barragem (pt) f, represa (pt) f, açude (pt) m
Quechua: hark'a
Romanian: baraj (ro) n
Russian: плоти́на (ru) f (plotína), да́мба (ru) f (dámba), гать (ru) f (gatʹ), на́сыпь (ru) f (násypʹ)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: на́сип m, бра́на f, га̏т m
Roman: násip (sh) m, brána (sh) f, gȁt (sh) m
Shan: ၽၢႆ (shn) (phǎai)
Slovak: priehrada f, hrádza f
Slovene: jez (sl) m
Spanish: presa (es) f, represa (es) f, azud (es) m or f, azuda f, pesquera f
Swedish: damm (sv) n, dammbyggnad (sv)
Tagalog: tarundon, saplad, prinsa
Tajik: сарбанд (tg) (sarband), дамба (tg) (damba), дарғот (darġot), оббанд (obband)
Tamil: அணை (ta) (aṇai)
Tatar: буа (tt) (buwa)
Telugu: ఆనకట్ట (te) (ānakaṭṭa)
Thai: เขื่อน (th) (kʉ̀ʉan)
Tibetan: ཆུ་རག (chu rag)
Tigrinya: ግድብ (gədb)
Turkish: baraj (tr), set (tr)
Turkmen: bent (tk), damba
Ukrainian: гре́бля (uk) f (hréblja), да́мба f (dámba)
Urdu: بَنْد m (band), پشتہ (puśta)
Uyghur: دامبا (damba), توغان (toghan)
Uzbek: toʻgʻon (uz), damba (uz)
Vietnamese: đập (vi)
Welsh: argae (cy) m
Yiddish: דאַם m (dam)
Zhuang: fai :

#### Verb

dam (third-person singular simple present dams, present participle damming, simple past and past participle dammed)
* (transitive) To block the flow of water.
** 1682, Thomas Otway, Venice Preserv’d, or, A Plot Discover’d. A Tragedy. […], London: […] Jos[eph] Hindmarsh […], →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:Home I vvould go, / But that my Dores are hatefull to my eyes. / Fill'd and damm'd up vvith gaping Creditors, / VVatchfull as Fovvlers vvhen their Game vvill ſpring; […]

##### Derived terms

* dam up
* redam
* undam

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Variant of dame. Doublet of domina and donna.

#### Noun

dam (plural dams)
* Female parent, mother, generally regarding breeding of animals.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 52:More dear […] than younglings to their dam.
** 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:The dam runs lowing up and down, / Looking the way her harmless young one went.
** 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:Hunters assure us, that to chuse the best dog, and which they purpose to keepe from out a litter of other young whelps, there is no better meane than the damme herselfe […].
** 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, Part 1:she / Resolved that Juan should be quite a paragon, / And worthy of the noblest pedigree / (His sire was from Castile, his dam from Aragon) […].
** 1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber 1992, page 112:The sky was cloudless—the moon rolled across the surface like a lamb searching for its dam.
* A kind of crowned piece in the game of draughts.

##### Coordinate terms

* (male parent): sire

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Said to be possibly coined from the English phrase "I don't give a dam(n)," referring to its small worth.

#### Noun

dam (plural dams) (historical)
* (India) An obsolete Indian copper coin, equal to a fortieth of a rupee.
** 1839, William Holloway, A General Dictionary of Provincialisms, Written with a View to Rescue from Oblivion the Fast Fading Relics of By-gone Days, Lewes, East Sussex: Sussex Press: Printed and published by Baxter and Son, →OCLC, page 42:[…] A small Indian coin; whence comes the saying "I don't care a dam for you," that is I don't value you a farthing, and not as generally given, "I don't care a damn" or a "curse for you." [Possibly a folk etymology.]
* A former coin of Nepal, 128 of which were worth one mohar.

#### References

* ↑ Gorrell, Robert, Watch Your Language: Mother Tongue and Her Wayward Children, University of Nevada Press, 1994

### Etymology 4

Clipping or Pronunciation spelling of damn.

#### Alternative forms

* dam'

#### Interjection

dam
* (slang or pronunciation spelling) Damn.

#### Adjective

dam (not comparable)
* (slang or pronunciation spelling) Damn.
** 2020, Jacie Rowe III, White Lies, Black Truth, The Lost Light, page 196:Do not get too caught up in individual campism. The Most-High sent your spirits back on earth to fix yourselves, come together and wake up our people, so do your dam job and stop letting your fleshly desires control you.

### Further reading

* dam on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* dam (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Dam in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

### Anagrams

* DMA, Mad, MAD, Adm, MDA, Adm., adm., mad, AMD, ADM

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch dam, from Middle Dutch dam, from Old Dutch dam, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

dam (plural damme)
* pond, basin
* dam

#### Derived terms

* opgaardam
* studam

## Albanian
### Noun

dam m
* Gheg form of dëm

## Arem
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *ɗam, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *p(ɗ)am; cognate with Vietnamese năm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dam]

### Numeral

dam
* five

### Further reading

* Michel Ferlus, 2014, Arem, a Vietic Language, Mon-Khmer Studies 43.1-15, page 5

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology 1

From Old Anatolian Turkish طام (d̥am, dam), from Proto-Turkic *tām.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑm/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

dam (definite accusative damı, plural damlar)
* roof
* hovel, shack
* dugout
* cowshed, sheep cote (a structure where animals are held)
    donuz damı ― pigsty

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian دام (“trap”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑm/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

dam (definite accusative damı, plural damlar)
* (figurative) lockup, jail, quod
    dama basdırmaq ― to lock up, to put in jail
* (archaic) grid, net
* (archaic) trap, snare
    Synonyms: tələ, cələ, duzaq
    dam qurmaq ― to set a trap

### Declension
## Cebuano
### Etymology

From English dam, from Middle English dam, damme, from Old English *dam, *damm, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.

### Noun

dam
* dam (a structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow)
* a reservoir

## Crimean Tatar
### Noun

dam (accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
* stable
* roof
* taste

#### Synonyms

* (stable): aran
* (taste): lezet, nezet, tat, dad

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse dammr (“dam”).

#### Noun

dam c (singular definite dammen, plural indefinite damme)
* pond
* corf, livewell (for storage of live fish under water)

##### Derived terms

* dambrug n

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French jeu de dames (“draughts”).

#### Noun

dam c or n
* draughts, checkers

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from French dame (“lady”).

#### Noun

dam c (singular definite dammen, plural indefinite dammer)
* king (superior piece in draughts)

##### Inflection
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: dam
* Homophone: Dam
* Rhymes: -ɑm

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch dam, from Old Dutch dam, from Proto-West Germanic *damm, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.

#### Noun

dam m (plural dammen, diminutive dammetje n)
* dam

##### Derived terms

* beverdam
* dammen
* het hek is van de dam
* lavadam
* muurdam
* rijsdam
* strekdam
* stuwdam
* visdam
* Alblasserdam
* Amsterdam
* Appingedam
* Bakkersdam
* Bilderdam
* Boerdam
* Brigdamme
* Busch en Dam
* Dam
* Damme
* Dubbeldam
* Durgerdam
* Edam
* Giessendam
* Heerjansdam
* Ilpendam
* Krabbendam
* Kwadendamme
* Leerdam
* Leidschendam
* Maasdam
* Mildam
* Monnickendam
* Moorddam
* Muntendam
* Nieuwendam
* Obdam
* Onderdendam
* Oostendam
* Oostknollendam
* Polsbroekerdam
* Rijsdam
* Risdam
* Rotterdam
* Schardam
* Schiedam
* Schoorldam
* Spaarndam
* Steendam
* Stellendam
* Uitdam
* Veendam
* Volendam
* Waardamme
* Werkendam
* Westknollendam
* Yersekedam
* Zaandam
* Zwammerdam

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: dam
* → Caribbean Hindustani: dám
* → Indonesian: dam (“dam”)
* → Papiamentu: dam
* → Saramaccan: dan
* → Sranan Tongo: dan, dam
** → Caribbean Javanese: dham

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle French dame, from Spanish dama.

#### Noun

dam f (plural dammen)
* (checkers) king (double draught/checker)

##### Related terms

* dammen

##### Descendants

* → Indonesian: dam (“draught/checker(s)”)

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

dam
* inflection of dammen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin damnum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (predominant) /dam/, (dated) /dɑ̃/, (archaic) /dan/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Canada):(file)
* Homophones: dams (general), dame, dames (form 1), dans, dent, dents (form 2)

### Noun

dam m (plural dams)
* (obsolete except in phrases) damage
* (religion) damnation

#### Derived terms

* au grand dam de

#### Related terms

* damner
* dommage

### References

* ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “damnum”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 11

### Further reading

* “dam”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* AMD

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin damnum.

### Noun

dam m (plural dams)
* damage

#### Synonyms

* daneç

#### Related terms

* danâ

## Galician
### Verb

dam
* (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural present indicative of dar

## Garo
### Etymology

Borrowed from Bengali দাম (dam).

### Noun

dam
* price

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈdam/ [ˈdam]
* Rhymes: -am
* Syllabification: dam

### Etymology 1

From Dutch dam (“king (draught/checkers)”), from Middle French dame, from Old French dame, from Latin domina.

#### Noun

dam (plural dam-dam)
* (games) draught (American), checkers (British)
* checker (a pattern of alternating colours as on a chessboard)

##### Derived terms

* dam-dam

### Etymology 2

From Dutch dam (“dam”), from Middle Dutch dam, from Old Dutch dam, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.

#### Noun

dam (plural dam-dam)
* dam (a structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow or part of the flow)

##### Synonyms

* bendung, bendungan
* empangan (in Standard Malay)
* tanggul

#### Compounds

* dam sabo

### Etymology 3

From Arabic دَم (dam, “blood”), from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.

#### Noun

dam (plural dam-dam)
* (Islam) fine (a fee levied as punishment for breaking the law)

### Further reading

* “dam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Pronoun

dam (emphatic damsa)
* Alternative form of dom (“for/to me”)

## Komo
### Noun

dam
* honey

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dam]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Rhymes: -am
* Hyphenation: dam

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch dam (“king (draught/checkers)”), from Middle French dame, from Old French dame, from Latin domina.

#### Adjective

dam (Jawi spelling دم)
* Looking like a checkers board (of a surface).

#### Noun

dam (Jawi spelling دم)
* (board games) Draughts, checkers.
    Synonym: damdam

##### Compounds

* buah dam
* papan dam

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic دَم (dam, “blood”), from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.

#### Noun

dam (Jawi spelling دم, plural dam-dam)
* (Islam) A punishment given to someone for breaking certain rules when performing the hajj.

### Etymology 3

Onomatopoeic.

#### Noun

dam (Jawi spelling دم, plural dam-dam)
* (onomatopoeia) The sound of a drum being beaten.

### Etymology 4

Onomatopoeic, from the sound of taking a whiff of the marijuana.

#### Noun

dam (Jawi spelling دم, plural dam-dam)
* (Perlis) Marijuana, weed.
    Synonym: ganja

### Further reading

* “dam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daːm/

### Etymology 1

From Arabic دَامَ (dāma).

#### Verb

dam (imperfect jdum, verbal noun dewm or dewmien or dawmien)
* to last; to take (time, especially long time)
    Synonym: (imperfect only) jtul
    Alternative form: diem

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic إِدَام (ʔidām).

#### Noun

dam m
* tallow

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English *damm, from Proto-West Germanic *damm.

#### Alternative forms

* damme, dame

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dam/

#### Noun

dam
* dam (structure to block water)
* body of water

##### Descendants

* English: dam
* Scots: dam

##### References

* “dam, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

dam
* Alternative form of dame

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

dam
* (when preceding labials) Alternative form of dan

## Middle Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish dam.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daβ̃/

### Noun

dam m (genitive daim)
* ox
** c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 12:Dam ocus tinne in cach coiri.[There was] an ox and a side of bacon in each cauldron.

#### Descendants

* Irish: damh
* Manx: dow
* Scottish Gaelic: damh

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 dam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Mokilese
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *saman (“outrigger”), from Proto-Austronesian *saʀman (“outrigger”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdam/

### Noun

dam
* (nautical) outrigger
* (by metaphorical extension) wife

#### Possessive forms
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Danish dam, from Old Norse dammr m, damm n. The meaning dam (structure) probably comes from Middle Low German [Term?].

#### Noun

dam m (definite singular dammen, indefinite plural dammer, definite plural dammene)
* a pond
* a dam (structure)

##### Synonyms

* demning (structure)

### Etymology 2

From French jeu de dames.

#### Noun

dam m (definite singular dammen, indefinite plural dammer, definite plural dammene)
* the game of checkers (US) or draughts (UK)

### References

* “dam” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Middle Norwegian dammr m, from Old Norse damm n. The meaning dam (structure) probably comes from Middle Low German [Term?].

#### Noun

dam m (definite singular dammen, indefinite plural dammar, definite plural dammane)
* a pond
* a dam (structure)

##### Synonyms

* demning (structure)

### Etymology 2

From French jeu de dames.

#### Noun

dam m (definite singular dammen, indefinite plural dammar, definite plural dammane)
* the game of checkers (US) or draughts (UK)

### References

* “dam” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* ab (Gard)
* amb (Languedoc)
* ambé (Provençal)
* dab (Gascony)
* damb (Gascony)
* emb (Limousin)
* embé (Provençal)

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Languedoc):(file)

### Adverb

dam
* (Gascony) (accompaniment) with
** 2012, Joan-Pau Ferré, Eth Arrestoth, 2014, Éditions des Régionalismes, Cressé, page 12.
    Cada an, que pujava peth Mont Valièr amont, dam eras vacas, nà amontanhar.

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [daβ̃]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *damos, from Proto-Indo-European *dm̥h₂-ó- (“bull”) (compare Albanian dem (“bullock”), Ancient Greek δάμαλος (dámalos, “calf”)), from *demh₂- (“to tame”) (compare Old Irish daimid (“to allow, give in”), Latin domō, English tame).

#### Noun

dam m (genitive daim)
* ox
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10$^d$6
    .i. do·fuáircc .i. ar is bés leosom in daim do thúarcuin ind arbeWhich tramples, i.e. for it is custom among them to have the oxen trample on the corn.
* stag
* (by extension) hero, champion

##### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Derived terms

* damán m (“calf”)

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: dam
** Irish: damh
** Manx: dow
** Scottish Gaelic: damh

#### Noun

dam f
* hind, cow (old feminine form of previous)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

dam
* second-person singular imperative of daimid

#### Verb

·dam
* inflection of daimid:
** third-person singular present indicative conjunct
** first-person singular present subjunctive conjunct

### Etymology 3
#### Pronoun

dam
* Alternative form of dom (“to/for me”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 dam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 dam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdam/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -am
* Syllabification: dam

### Verb

dam
* first-person singular future of dać

### Noun

dam
* genitive plural of dama

## Rohingya
### Alternative forms

* 𐴊𐴝𐴔𐴢 (dam) — Hanifi Rohingya script

### Etymology

From Magadhi Prakrit 𑀤𑀫𑁆𑀫 (damma), from Sanskrit দ্ৰম্ম (drámma), borrowed from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ). Cognate with Bengali দাম (dam).

### Noun

dam (Hanifi spelling 𐴊𐴝𐴔𐴢)
* price
    Synonyms: dor, kimot

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دام (dam), from Old Turkic [script needed] (tam), from Proto-Turkic *tām.

### Noun

dam n (plural damuri)
* cowshed

#### Declension
## San Juan Guelavía Zapotec
### Noun

dam
* owl

### References

* López Antonio, Joaquín, Jones, Ted, Jones, Kris (2012) Vocabulario breve del Zapoteco de San Juan Guelavía‎ (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Tlalpan, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 14, 23, 40

## Sumerian
### Romanization

dam
* Romanization of 𒁮 (dam)

## Swedish
### Etymology

From French dame.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /dɑːm/

### Noun

dam c
* a lady, a woman
* (card games, chess, checkers) a queen
    ruter dam ― queen of diamonds

#### Synonyms

* (in chess): drottning

#### Derived terms

* damallsvenskan
* damavdelning
* dambadhus
* dambandy
* dambastu
* dambekantskap
* dambesök
* dambinda
* dambjudning
* dambonde
* dambricka
* dambräde
* dambyxor
* damcykel
* damdubbel
* damfinal
* damfotboll
* damfrisering
* damfrisör
* damfrisörska
* damgambit
* damgolf
* damhandboll
* damhatt
* damidrott
* damig
* damighet
* damkappa
* damklass
* damkläder
* damknäppning
* damkonfektion
* damkör
* damlag
* damlandslag
* dammiddag
* damorkester
* damrum
* damsadel
* damsenior
* damsida
* damsingel
* damskidåkning
* damsko
* damspel
* damstafett
* damstrumpa
* damsällskap
* damtidning
* damtoalett
* damtävling
* damunderkläder
* damväska
* hovdam

### See also

Chess pieces in Swedish · schackpjäser (schack + pjäser) (layout · text) :
| kung | dam, drottning | torn | löpare | springare, häst | bonde |
Playing cards in Swedish · kort (layout · text) :
| ess, äss | tvåa, två | trea, tre | fyra | femma, fem | sexa, sex | sjua, sju |
| åtta | nia, nio | tia, tio | knekt | dam | kung | joker |

### References

* dam in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* dam in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* dam in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish طام (dam), from Old Turkic [script needed] (tam), from Proto-Turkic *tām. Cognate with Uyghur تام (tam, “wall”).
Compare Korean 담 (dam, “wall”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑm/
* Rhymes: -dɑm
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

dam (definite accusative damı, plural damlar)
* roof
* cowshed, sheep cote (a structure where animals are held)
** 2005, Teoman Ergül, İşgal: "Padişah Efendimizin konukları" (İnkılâp Kitabevi Yayınları)‎, İnkılâp, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 281:... damdaki hayvanlar huysuzlaştılar . Bir ara dayıbaşının öksürüğünü yanlarında duydular , alelacele otların arkasında saklandılar . Hüsmen onları görmedi . Hayvanların yerinde olduğunu görünce , kafasını iki yana sallayarak çekip gitti ...... the animals in the cote became grumpy. At one point, they heard the uncle's cough next to them, and they hurriedly hid behind the grass. Husmen did not see them. When he saw that the animals were in place, he shook his head and walked away...
* (figurative, informal) lockup, jail
** 2005 June 1, Prof. Dr. Gürsel Aytaç, Edebiyat yazıları 1 (Ed. dizisi)‎, Gündoğan Yayınları, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 61:... dama tıktılar, mapus damına tıktılaaar!.. Yetiş!..» diye avaz avaz bağırmış, sonra da yaşlı kadının güven veren kollarına düşmüş bayılmışçasına kendinden geçmiş, dalgın, mutlu, tam attmı ahırdan çıkarmıştı ki, kapı çalındı. Kapı ...They put him in the can, they put him in the slammer!.. Come on!.. " he shouted at the top of his voice, and then he fell into the reassuring arms of the old woman, ecstatic, pensive, happy, as if he had fainted. He had just taken his horse out of the stable when there was a knock on the door.

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَم (dam).

### Noun

dam (plural damlar)
* moment, second

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

See đam. ‹d› here is the result of lenition (Proto-Vietic *k-t- > Middle Vietnamese ‹d› /ð/ > Modern Vietnamese ‹d›).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zaːm˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [jaːm˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [jaːm˧˧]

### Noun

(classifier con) dam
* Alternative form of đam (“freshwater crab”)
    Dù ai béo bạo như tru, Về đất Kẻ Ngù cũng tóm như dam Ai mà gầy tóm như dam Về đất nhà Chàng, cũng béo như truWhosoever as fat and ferocious as a buffalo, when coming to Kẻ Ngù, they'll be as lean as a crab. Whosoever as lean as a crab, when coming home to Chàng, they'll be as fat as a buffalo

## Zoogocho Zapotec
### Noun

dam
* owl

### References

* Long C., Rebecca, Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎ (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 215