# hara
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology 1

From ha- (“interrogative stem”) +‎ ara (“space, place”). ha- is inherited from Proto-Turkic *ka-. For similar formations, see havaxt (“when”) and hayan (“which side, where, which direction”), from vaxt (“time”) and yan (“side”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhɑrɑ]

#### Adverb

hara
* where, what place
    Synonyms: hayan, hanı
    Bura haradır? ― What place is this?
    Sən indi haradasan? ― What place are you at now?
    Onlar haraya qaçırlar? ― What place are they running to?
    Bu kitabın axı harası pisdir? ― But, where is this book bad? (literally, “what place of it is bad?”)
* (colloquial) whereto, to what place
    Synonyms: haraya, hayana
    Hara gedirsən? ― Where are you going?

##### Derived terms

* harada, harda (“where, at what place”)
** haradasa, hardasa (“somewhere, at some place”)
* haraya
** harayasa, harasa (“somewhere, to some place”)

#### See also

* bura (“here, this place”)
* ora (“there, that place place”)

### Etymology 2

From elision of haraya, dative singular of hara.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhɑrɑ]

#### Adverb

hara
* (colloquial) whither, to what place
    Hara gedirsən? ― Where are you going?

#### Phrase

hara ... hara (idiomatic)
* what is X doing in Y?; It is quite unexpected to see X in Y
    Sən hara, bura hara?What are you doing here? It is very unexpected to see you here.(literally, “Where are you, [and] where is this place?”)
* X is completely unfit/inappropriate for Y
    Toy hara, şortik geymək hara?It is completely inappropriate to wear shorts on a wedding.(literally, “Where is wedding, [and] where are shorts?”)
* X is completely different from Y
    Beş yaş hara, on yaş hara?Five-year-olds are completely different ten-year-olds.(literally, “Where is the age of five, [and] where is the age of ten?”)

### References

* ↑ Rezaei, Mehdi (2018) “Ḳa Zamiri ve Onun Türevleri Hakkında Bazı Tespitler [A Few Points About the Pronoun ka and Its Derivatives]”, in Söylem Filoloji Dergisi‎, volume 3, number 2, pages 272–283

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From hari.

### Noun

hara
* a queen

## Faroese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Danish hare, from the East Norse reflex of Proto-Germanic *hasô.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɛaːɹa/
    Rhymes: -ɛaːɹa

### Noun

hara f (genitive singular haru, plural harur)
* hare (Lepus)

#### Derived terms

* bláhara
* haruætt
* páskahara
* pólhara
* snjóhara
* vetrarhara

#### Related terms

* bjørn
* elgur
* froskur
* geypa
* hundur
* íkorni
* kanin
* ketta
* kópur
* storkur
* úlvur

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hara (“forked tool”). Related to Estonian haru, Karelian hara, Veps aro, and more distantly to Northern Sami suorri.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɑrɑ/, [ˈhɑ̝rɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
* Hyphenation: ha‧ra

### Noun

hara
* fork hoe, hand hoe, hand cultivator
* Synonym of naara (“drag”)
* (dialectal, especially Tavastia, North Karelia) harrow
    Synonyms: äes, karhi
* (rare) Synonym of kultivaattori (“cultivator”)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of hara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
harani
harani
accusative
nom.
harani
harani
gen.
harani
genitive
harani
harojeni haraini $^{rare}$
partitive
haraani
harojani
inessive
harassani
haroissani
elative
harastani
haroistani
illative
haraani
haroihini
adessive
harallani
haroillani
ablative
haraltani
haroiltani
allative
haralleni
haroilleni
essive
haranani
haroinani
translative
harakseni
haroikseni
abessive
harattani
haroittani
instructive
comitative
—haroineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
harasi
harasi
accusative
nom.
harasi
harasi
gen.
harasi
genitive
harasi
harojesi haraisi $^{rare}$
partitive
haraasi
harojasi
inessive
harassasi
haroissasi
elative
harastasi
haroistasi
illative
haraasi
haroihisi
adessive
harallasi
haroillasi
ablative
haraltasi
haroiltasi
allative
harallesi
haroillesi
essive
haranasi
haroinasi
translative
haraksesi
haroiksesi
abessive
harattasi
haroittasi
instructive
comitative
—haroinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
haramme
haramme
accusative
nom.
haramme
haramme
gen.
haramme
genitive
haramme
harojemme haraimme $^{rare}$
partitive
haraamme
harojamme
inessive
harassamme
haroissamme
elative
harastamme
haroistamme
illative
haraamme
haroihimme
adessive
harallamme
haroillamme
ablative
haraltamme
haroiltamme
allative
harallemme
haroillemme
essive
haranamme
haroinamme
translative
haraksemme
haroiksemme
abessive
harattamme
haroittamme
instructive
comitative
—haroinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
haranne
haranne
accusative
nom.
haranne
haranne
gen.
haranne
genitive
haranne
harojenne harainne $^{rare}$
partitive
haraanne
harojanne
inessive
harassanne
haroissanne
elative
harastanne
haroistanne
illative
haraanne
haroihinne
adessive
harallanne
haroillanne
ablative
haraltanne
haroiltanne
allative
harallenne
haroillenne
essive
harananne
haroinanne
translative
haraksenne
haroiksenne
abessive
harattanne
haroittanne
instructive
comitative
—haroinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
haransa
haransa
accusative
nom.
haransa
haransa
gen.
haransa
genitive
haransa
harojensa harainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
haraansa
harojaan harojansa
inessive
harassaan harassansa
haroissaan haroissansa
elative
harastaan harastansa
haroistaan haroistansa
illative
haraansa
haroihinsa
adessive
harallaan harallansa
haroillaan haroillansa
ablative
haraltaan haraltansa
haroiltaan haroiltansa
allative
haralleen harallensa
haroilleen haroillensa
essive
haranaan haranansa
haroinaan haroinansa
translative
harakseen haraksensa
haroikseen haroiksensa
abessive
harattaan harattansa
haroittaan haroittansa
instructive
comitative
—haroineen haroinensa :

#### Derived terms

* harata
* haristaa
* harittaa
* haroa
* harottaa
* harajuuri

### Further reading

* “hara”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* raha

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈha.ra/
* Rhymes: -ra, -a
* Hyphenation: ha‧ra

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

hara (plural hara-hara)
* (zoology) Osteochilus melanopleura

### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese ara, hara, hāra, āhāra (“food”), from Sanskrit आहार (āhāra, “food”).

#### Noun

hara (plural hara-hara)
* nutrient
    Synonym: nutrien

### Further reading

* “hara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Noun

hara
* h-prothesized form of ara

## Japanese
### Romanization

hara
* Rōmaji transcription of はら

## Latin
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈha.ra/, [ˈhärä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.ra/, [ˈäːrä]

### Noun

hara f (genitive harae); first declension
* An animal pen.
* A chicken coop.
* A pigsty.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

### References

* “hara”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* hara in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

## Maori
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *sala (cognate with Hawaiian hala), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq (compare with Malay salah).

### Verb

hara
* to be in violation of a tapu
* to transgress
* to commit a sin
* to violate the law
* to offend

#### Usage notes

In traditional society the word was used primarily for an offence from the violation of tapu. With the introduction of Christianity, the meaning widened to include sin and deliberate offending, and then offending in violation of rules, regulations and the law.

### Noun

hara
* sin
* foul
* crime, offence, transgression, wrongdoing
* gaffe
* infringement
* fault
* problem

### References

* “hara” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Middle English
### Noun

hara
* Alternative form of hare (“hare”)

## Northern Ohlone
### Etymology

Compare Southern Ohlone hara (“to give”).

### Adjective

hara
* to give
    haray kišgive me (imperative)

### References

* María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎, Unpublished

## Old English
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *hasō ~ *haʀ-, from the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *hasô. Cognate with Old Frisian hasa, Old Saxon haso, Old Dutch *haso, Old High German haso, Old Norse heri.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxɑ.rɑ/, [ˈhɑ.rɑ]

#### Noun

hara m
* rabbit, hare

##### Declension

Weak:

##### Descendants

* Middle English: hare
** English: hare
** Scots: hare, hair

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxɑː.rɑ/, [ˈhɑː.rɑ]

#### Adjective

hāra
* inflection of hār:
** strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
** weak nominative masculine singular

## Old Javanese
### Alternative forms

* ara

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ha.ra/
* Homophone: hāra
* Hyphenation: ha‧ra

### Etymology 1
#### Particle

hara
* emphatic particle in address

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀa.

#### Noun

hara
* Ficus

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

hara
* Alternative spelling of āhāra (“food”)

### Further reading

* P. J. Zoetmulder (1982) Old Javanese-English dictionary‎, 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, →ISBN, →OCLC

## Oromo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɐrɐ/

### Noun

hara
* lake

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀳𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* हर (Devanagari script)
* হর (Bengali script)
* හර (Sinhalese script)
* ဟရ or ႁရ (Burmese script)
* หร or หะระ (Thai script)
* ᩉᩁ (Tai Tham script)
* ຫຣ or ຫະຣະ (Lao script)
* ហរ (Khmer script)
* 𑄦𑄢 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

Extracted from harati.

### Verb

hara
* imperative active second-person singular of harati (“to take away”)

### Noun

hara n
* Name of the Pali root har
** [c. 500 AD, Dhatumañjusa; republished in Dines Andersen & Helmer Smith, The Pāli Dhātupāṭha and the Dhātumañjūsā, Copenhagen: Andr. Fred. Host & son, 1921, page 36:62. Tara taraṇasmiṃ thara santharaṇe bhara bharaṇasmiṃ phara sampharaṇe sara gati-cintā-hiṃsā-sadde phura calanādo hara haraṇamhi62. Tar for crossing, thar for spreading, / bhar for supporting, phar for pervasion, / sar for motion, thought, crushing and noise, / phur for shaking, har for taking.]

## Swahili
### Etymology

Possibly from Arabic خ ر ء (ḵ-r-ʔ, “to defecate”). Compare Arabic خراء.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-hara (infinitive kuhara)
* to defecate

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -hara :
| Positive present | -nahara |
| Subjunctive | -hare |
| Negative | -hari |
| Imperative singular | hara |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuhara |
| Negative | kutohara |
Imperatives :
| Singular | hara |
| Plural | hareni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huhara |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lihara |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuhara |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tahara |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tahara |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sihare |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngehara |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singehara |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalihara |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalihara |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mehara |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshahara |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jahara |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kihara |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipohara |
| Consecutive | kahara / positive subject concord + -kahara |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kahare |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Causative: -harisha

## Swedish
### Etymology

From hare +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɑːra/

### Verb

hara (present harar, preterite harade, supine harat, imperative hara)
* to trot; to move in a way that reminds the movement of a hare
    Nu ska jag hara iväg till affären. ― I'll trot to the store now.

#### Usage notes

Mostly used with iväg (“away, off to”).

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

### References

* Borin, Lars, Forsberg, Markus, Olsson, Leif-Jöran, Uppström, Jonatan (2012) “The open lexical infrastructure of Språkbanken”, in Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation‎, Istanbul: ELRA

## Thao
### Noun

hara
* turtle