# sel
## Translingual
### Symbol

sel
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Selkup.

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch cel, from Middle Dutch celle, from Latin cella.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛl/

### Noun

sel (plural selle)
* cell (element of a table)
* cell (basic unit of a living organism)
* cell (small room, especially in a jail or prison)

#### Derived terms

* selmaat

## Cahuilla
### Alternative forms

* sé'ish

### Noun

sél
* flower

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɛl]
* Rhymes: -ɛl

### Participle

sel
* masculine singular past active participle of sít
    Synonym: sil

### Noun

sel
* genitive plural of selo

### Anagrams

* Els
* les

## Estonian
### Pronoun

sel
* adessive singular of see
    Synonym: sellel

## Extremaduran
### Verb

sel
* to be

## Fala
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsel/
* Rhymes: -el
* Syllabification: sel

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ser. Compare Portuguese ser and Galician ser.

#### Verb

sel
* to be

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese sair, from Latin salīre (“to leap”), from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥-ye-. Compare Galician saír and Spanish salir.

#### Verb

sel
* to leave

##### Conjugation
### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French sel, from Old French sel, from Latin salem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛl/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: celle, celles, selle, sellent, selles, sels

### Noun

sel m (plural sels)
* table salt, i.e. sodium chloride (NaCl)
* (chemistry) salt
* (in the plural) smelling salts
* (figurative) spice

#### Derived terms

* cuillère à sel
* fin comme du gros sel
* fleur de sel
* mettre son grain de sel
* ne pas manquer de sel
* pâte à sel
* poivre et sel
* ramener son grain de sel
* sel de cuisine
* sel de table

#### Related terms

* saler

### Further reading

* “sel”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* les, lès, lés

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɛl]
* Hyphenation: sèl

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch cel (“cell”), from Middle Dutch celle, from Latin cella.

#### Noun

sèl (plural sel-sel)
* cell
** a small room or compartment
*** prison cell
*** cloister cell
** (biology) basic unit of a living organism
** (chemistry, electricity, physics) the basic unit of a battery

##### Derived terms

* bersel
* disel
* sel adipose
* sel air
* sel anak
* sel argentafin
* sel B
* sel badai guntur
* sel bahan bakar
* sel basal
* sel batang
* sel beban
* sel berhubungan
* sel bibir
* sel D
* sel darah
* sel darah merah
* sel darah putih
* sel dendritik
* sel elektrokimia
* sel elektrolisis
* sel embrio
* sel enteroendokrin
* sel epitel
* sel fotovoltaik
* sel G
* sel germinal
* sel getah
* sel glandular
* sel glia
* sel goblet
* sel Hadley
* sel haploid
* sel hibridoma
* sel inang
* sel induk
* sel induk megaspora
* sel isolasi
* sel kecambah
* sel kelamin
* sel keranjang
* sel kering
* sel kerucut
* sel kipas
* sel klonogenik
* sel konduktivitas
* sel konveksi
* sel Kupffer
* sel labil
* sel Langerhans
* sel meridional
* sel Merkel
* sel NK
* sel nutfah
* sel olfaktori
* sel Paneth
* sel pembunuh alami
* sel pengasingan
* sel pengawal
* sel pengiring
* sel penjaga
* sel penuh
* sel penutup
* sel perawat
* sel permanen
* sel punca
* sel Purkinje
* sel raksasa
* sel ratu
* sel Reed-Sternberg
* sel saraf
* sel Schwann
* sel sertoli
* sel skuamosa
* sel solar
* sel somatik
* sel sporogen
* sel stabil
* sel surya
* sel T
* sel T pembantu
* sel T pembunuh
* sel T pengatur
* sel T sitotoksik
* sel telur
* sel tumor
* sel udara
* sel volta

##### Related terms

* selofan
* seluler
* selulit
* selulitis
* seluloid
* selulosa

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English cel, clipping of celluloid.

#### Noun

sèl (plural sel-sel)
* cel: a piece of celluloid on which has been drawn a frame of an animated film

### Further reading

* “sel” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Michoacán Nahuatl
### Noun

sel
* ice

## Middle English
### Verb

sel
* Alternative form of sellen

## Middle French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French sel.

### Noun

sel m (plural sels)
* salt

#### Descendants

* French: sel

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse selr.

### Noun

sel m (definite singular selen, indefinite plural seler, definite plural selene)
* a seal (marine mammal)

### See also

* sjøløve
* hvalross, kvalross

### References

* “sel” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse selr.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seːl/
* Homophone: sæl

#### Noun

sel m (definite singular selen, indefinite plural selar, definite plural selane)
* (zoology) a seal, pinniped

##### Derived terms

* blåsel
* ekte sel
* fjordsel
* grønlandssel
* gråsel
* pelssel
* ringsel
* selfangar
* selfangst
* selkjøt
* selkjøtt
* selskinn
* selspekk
* selunge
* ungsel
* øyresel

##### See also

* sjøløve
* kvalross

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse sel n, from Proto-Germanic *salją.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seːl/
* Homophone: sæl

#### Noun

sel n (definite singular selet, indefinite plural sel, definite plural sela)
* a seter cottage, with sleeping room(s), a kitchen and a dairy storage room

##### Derived terms

* innsel
* utsel

##### Related terms

* sal m

### Etymology 3

From Middle Low German sel (“soul”), as does also ultimately sjel. From Old Saxon sēola, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seːl/
* Homophone: sæl

#### Noun

sel f
* a soul; Used only in the expression mi sel (“truly!”).

### Etymology 4

From the verb selja (“to sell”).

#### Noun

sel n (definite singular selet, indefinite plural sel, definite plural sela)
* (rare) a sale
    Synonym: sal n

#### Verb

sel
* present tense of selja and selje
* imperative of selje and selje

### Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seːl/
* Homophone: sæl

#### Verb

sel
* imperative of sela and sele

### References

* “sel” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* Sel, esl, les, -sel, -sle

## Old English
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *sal, from Proto-Germanic *salą, from Indo-European. Cognate with Old High German sal, German Saal (“hall, large room”), Old Saxon sal, Dutch zaal. Compare sele, from a Germanic variant stem.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sel/

#### Noun

sel n
* Alternative form of sæl (“room, great hall, castle”)
    Heorot, sincfāge sel ― Heorot, (Thou) richly adorned hall!

##### Declension

Strong a-stem:

##### Descendants

* English: sele, seel

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *sāliz. See sǣliġ (“blessed, fortunate”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seːl/

#### Adjective

sēl (comparative sēlla, superlative sēlest)
* good, noble
    Sōna ic wæs wyrpende and mē sēl wæs. ― Soon I was recovering and I was better.

##### Related terms

* medsēlþ

### References

* John R. Clark Hall (1916) “sel”, in A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, New York: Macmillan
* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “sel”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Old French
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin salem. Cognate with Old Spanish sal f and Old Galician-Portuguese sal m.

### Noun

sel oblique singular, m (oblique plural seaus or seax or siaus or siax or sels, nominative singular seaus or seax or siaus or siax or sels, nominative plural sel)
* salt

#### Descendants

* Middle French: sel
** French: sel
* Franc-Comtois: sâ
* Norman: sé, saïl
* Walloon: sé

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʲel]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *swelos (“a turn”).

#### Noun

sel m
* a turn, a time, a while

##### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Quotations

* c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 15$^d$9
    Non cogitare tola et accobra in betha, act cach la sel dún for imrádud Dé, in sel aile for precept. Ar seirc Dǽ do·gníam cechtarde.Not to think of the wishes and desires of the world, but it is for us to be at one time meditating on God, at another time preaching. For love of God we do each of the two.

##### Derived terms

* cach la sel
* merfal, merfall
** Middle Irish: merball
*** Irish: mearbhall

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: sel
** Irish: seal
** Manx: shayll
** Scottish Gaelic: seal (“while”)
** ⇒ Middle Irish: dessel
*** Irish: deiseal
**** → English: deiseal, deisal, deasil, deisul, deshil
*** Scottish Gaelic: deiseil
** ⇒ Middle Irish: túaithbel
*** Irish: tuathal
*** Scottish Gaelic: tuathal

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sel”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

·sel
* third-person singular future conjunctive of slaidid

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Old Norse
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *salją, diminutive of either *salą or *saliz.

#### Noun

sel n
* shed on a mountain pasture

##### Descendants

* Icelandic: sel
* Norwegian: sel
** → Danish: sæl
*** Norwegian Bokmål: sel
* Old Swedish: *sæl (only in compounds, e.g. sælia boþ)

#### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “sel”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

sel
* indefinite accusative singular of selr (“seal”)

#### Verb

sel
* inflection of selja (“to sell”):
** first-person singular active present indicative
** second-person singular active imperative

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish سل (sel), a vulgar variant of سیل (seyl), from Arabic سَيْل (sayl).

### Noun

sel n (plural seluri)
* torrent
* ditch

#### Declension
## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* sal (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader)

### Etymology

From Latin sāl, sālem, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.

### Noun

sel m
* (Puter) salt

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz.

### Noun

sel
* self

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sъlъ, from the same root as sláti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sə́l/, /sə́ʋ/

### Noun

sə̏l or sə̏ł m anim
* messenger

#### Inflection
## Tok Pisin
### Etymology 1

From English sail.

#### Noun

sel
* sail
* canvas; tarpaulin

##### Derived terms

* haus sel

##### Descendants

* → Rotokas: siel

#### Verb

sel
* to sail

### Etymology 2

From English shell.

#### Noun

sel
* shell
* shellfish

### Etymology 3

From English cell.

#### Noun

sel
* cell (biology)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish سل (sel), a vulgar variant of سیل (seyl), from Arabic سَيْل (sayl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsæl/
* Hyphenation: sel

### Noun

sel (definite accusative seli, plural seller)
* flood

#### Derived terms

* sel seli götürmek

### References

* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “sel”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2647
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “sel”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2735

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَيْل (sayl).

### Noun

sel (plural sellar)
* downpour
* flash flood

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English sele, from Old English seolh, from Proto-West Germanic *selh.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /se̞l/

### Noun

sel
* seal (animal)

### References

* Diarmaid Ó Muirithe (1990) “A Modern Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy”, in lrish University Review‎, volume 20, number 1, Edinburgh University Press, page 160