# worden
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch werden, from Old Dutch werthan, from Proto-West Germanic *werþan, from Proto-Germanic *werþaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wert-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋɔrdə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: wor‧den
* Rhymes: -ɔrdən

### Verb

worden
* (copulative) to become, to get, to grow, to turn
    Synonym: (Belgium) komen
    Zij wilde altijd al lerares worden. ― She always wanted to become a teacher.
    Mijn broer wordt vandaag twintig. ― My brother is turning twenty today.
    Het wordt hier erg benauwd. Open de ramen alsjeblieft! ― It's getting very stuffy in here. Please open the windows!
    Morgen wordt het twintig graden. ― It will be twenty degrees tomorrow.
* (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the imperfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle.
    Ze worden gered. ― They are being saved.
    De muur werd geschilderd. ― The wall was being painted.
    De muur zal worden geschilderd. ― The wall will be painted. / The wall is going to be painted.

#### Usage notes

* The perfect tense passive is formed using zijn, while worden matches English continuous constructions in meaning. Therefore, as in usage 2 above,
** Ze worden gered. translates to “They are being saved.”
** Ze werden gered. translates to “They were being saved.”
** Consequently, Ze zijn gered. and Ze waren gered. would be translated as “They have been saved.” and “They had been saved.” respectively.

#### Derived terms

* verworden
* wording
* gewaarworden
* wakker worden

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: word
* Negerhollands: word
* Petjo: worden

### Anagrams

* wonder

## German
### Etymology

The prefix ge- was originally a marker of the perfective aspect. As such it was principally not added to verbs like werden that were by definition (mostly) perfective. (Remnants of this distinction are still found in dialects; compare Luxembourgish bruecht, fonnt, komm.) In modern German, all verbs with initial stress take the prefix ge-. The exception of worden has euphonic reasons, because as an auxiliary it is always combined with another past participle. This distinction between geworden (full verb) and worden (auxiliary) fully established itself only during the 19th century, however.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Participle

worden
* past participle of werden
    Der betreffende Mitarbeiter ist inzwischen entlassen worden.The employee in question has since been dismissed.

#### Usage notes

* Used in forming the passive of the perfect tenses. In other cases, the past participle is geworden.
* In older German, this distinction was not always maintained, and worden could be used as the past participle for all senses.

## Middle Dutch
### Verb

worden
* first/third-person plural past indicative/subjunctive of werden

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* worde

### Etymology

From word +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwurdən/, /ˈwoːrdən/

### Verb

worden
* to speak (about)

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### Descendants

* English: word

#### References

* “worden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 27 February 2020.

## Middle High German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before 13th CE) /ˈwordən/

### Verb

worden
* past participle of wërden

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* ġeworden

### Verb

worden
* past participle of weorþan