# horizon
## English
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English orisonte, orisoun, from Middle French horizon, horizonte, from Old French orisonte, orison, via Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /həˈɹaɪ.zən/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

horizon (plural horizons)
* The visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance.
    Synonyms: skysill, skyline
    A tall building was visible on the horizon.
* (figuratively) The range or limit of one's knowledge, experience or interest; a boundary or threshold.
    Some students take a gap year after finishing high school to broaden their horizons.
    With clinical researchers hard at work, a new treatment is on the horizon.
** 1997, Eduardo Galeano, Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent, Monthly Review Press, page 38:The Indians of the Americas totaled no less than 70 million when the foreign conquerors appeared on the horizon; a century and a half later they had been reduced to 3.5 million.
* The range or limit of any dimension in which one exists.
** 2003, Miguel de Beistegui, Thinking with Heidegger: Displacements, →ISBN, page 157:Only mortality, this irreducible and primordial horizon, that very horizon which, in Being and Time, Heidegger so compellingly revealed as the unsurpassable and defining possibility, remains.
* (geology) A specific layer of soil, or stratum
* (archaeology, chiefly US) A cultural sub-period or level within a more encompassing time period.
* Any level line or surface.
* (computer chess) The point at which a computer chess algorithm stops searching for further moves.

#### Derived terms

* A-horizon
* archaeological horizon
* archeological horizon
* artificial horizon
* Cauchy horizon
* cosmic event horizon
* cosmological horizon
* dip of the horizon
* event horizon
* Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin horizon
* GZK horizon
* horizon effect
* horizon glass
* horizon problem
* marker horizon
* on the horizon
* particle horizon
* quicksilver horizon
* radar horizon
* rational horizon
* split horizon
* time horizon

#### Related terms

* horizontal
* aorist

#### Translations
### See also

* vertical

### Further reading

* horizon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɦoː.ri.zɔn/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

horizon m (plural horizonten or horizonnen)
* horizon
    Synonyms: kim, einder

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: horizon
* → Papiamentu: hórizòn

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.ʁi.zɔ̃/
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Homophone: horizons
* Hyphenation: ho‧ri‧zon

### Noun

horizon m (plural horizons)
* horizon

#### Derived terms

* bleu horizon
* élargir ses horizons
* horizon des événements
* horizon rationnel
* horizon sensible
* horizonner
* horizontal
* ligne d’horizon
* tour d’horizon

### Further reading

* “horizon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch horizon, from Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hoˈrizɔn]
* Hyphenation: ho‧ri‧zon

### Noun

horizon (uncountable)
* horizon:
** the visible horizontal line or point (in all directions) that appears to connect the Earth to the sky
    Synonyms: kaki langit, ufuk, cakrawala
** (geoglogy) a specific layer of soil or strata
* (in extension) sky, atmosphere, space
    Synonyms: ambara, angkasa, awang-awang, bumantara, cakrawala, dirgantara, langit, udara

#### Compounds

* horizon diagnostik
* horizon eluvial
* horizon harapan

### Further reading

* “horizon” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /hoˈriz.zoːn/, [hɔˈrɪz̪ːoːn]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /oˈrid.d͡zon/, [oˈrid̪ː͡z̪on]

### Noun

horizōn m (genitive horizontis); third declension
* horizon

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (non-Greek-type or Greek-type, variant with nominative singular in -ōn).

#### Descendants

* Catalan: horitzó
* → Dutch: horizon
* → Old French: orisonte, orison
** Middle French: horizon, horizonte
*** French: horizon
*** → Middle English: orisonte, orisoun
**** English: horizon
* Galician: horizonte
* → German: Horizont
* Italian: orizzonte
* Lombard: orizzont (New Lombard Orthography)
* Mirandese: hourizonte
* Portuguese: horizonte
* Romanian: orizont
* → Russian: горизонт (gorizont)
* Spanish: horizonte
* → Ukrainian: горизо́нт (horyzónt)

### References

* “horizon”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* horizon in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Limburgish
### Noun

horizon f
* Veldeke spelling of Hooriṣǫn

## Malay
### Etymology

From English horizon, from Middle English orisonte, orisoun, from Middle French horizon, horizonte, from Old French orisonte, orison, via Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ho.rai̯.zən]
* Rhymes: -zən, -ən
* Hyphenation: ho‧ri‧zon

### Noun

horizon (Jawi spelling هوريزون)
* Horizon:
** The visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance.
    Synonyms: kaki langit, ufuk
** (figuratively) The range or limit of one's knowledge, experience or interest; a boundary or threshold.

### Further reading

* “horizon” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.