# plak
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* pqak, qak

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pelH-ko-s, a formation *pelH- (“gray”) +‎ *-kos. Closely akin to Lithuanian pi̇̀lkas (“grey”), which reflects *pl̥H-ko-s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈplak/
* (Gheg) IPA: [ˈpʎak]
* Rhymes: -ak

### Noun

plak m (plural pleq)
* old man, elder
    Coordinate term: plakë f
* (colloquial) paterfamilias, head of household, father
    Synonym: zot shtëpie
* (colloquial or historical) village elder or chief, who settled disputes and dealt with the community's affairs
    Synonyms: prijës, udhëheqës
* (colloquial) scarecrow
    Synonym: dordolec
* mandrake (Mandragora)
    Synonym: madërgonë
* (literary) king, chieftain
    Synonyms: mbret, prift
* (card games) king
    Synonym: mbret

#### Alternative forms

* pjak — dialectal

#### Derived terms

* derroplak
* kryeplak
* mplak
* plakaman
* plakarec
* plakaruq
* plakarush
* plakë
* plakneshë
* plakojë
* plakosh
* plakruq
* plakush
* pleqëri
* pleqësi
* pleqnar

### Adjective

plak (feminine plakë, plural pleq)
* old, elderly
    Synonyms: i vjetër, i moshuar, i lashtë
* (colloquial) aged, old (of plants)
    Synonyms: i moçëm, i vjetër
* (colloquial) withered, shriveled, gone bad (of vegetables)
    Synonym: i fishkur
    Synonym: i njomë
* (figurative) wise, sage, experienced
    Synonym: i vjetër

### Verb

plak (aorist plaka, participle plakur) (transitive)
* to make old, make age
    Synonyms: vjetroj, mplak
* (colloquial) to spend, pass (time)
    Synonyms: kaloj, ngrys
* (colloquial) to be late, make wait
    Synonym: vonoj
* (mediopassive) See plakem.

#### Derived terms

* plakje
* i plakur

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “plak”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 332
* ↑ “pìlkas” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 888 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).
* ↑ Schumacher, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 230

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980, page 1496ab
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “6. pel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 804f.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈplak]
* Rhymes: -ak

### Noun

plak m inan
* plaque (on teeth)

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

### Further reading

* “plak”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “plak”, in Akademický slovník cizích slov at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz [Academic dictionary of foreign words] (in Czech), 1995

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plɑk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: plak
* Rhymes: -ɑk

### Etymology 1

Probably related to plek (“spot”).

#### Noun

plak f (plural plakken, diminutive plakje n)
* a slice, rasher (of bacon or cheese), slab (of chocolate)
    Ik heb een cake gebakken, wil je een plak?I've baked a cake, would you like a slice?
* various disk-shaped objects resembling such a slice
** a medal
** a specific coin

##### Synonyms

* (slice): schijf, tranche

##### Descendants

* → Indonesian: plak
* → Papiamentu: plaka

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French plaque.

#### Noun

plak f (uncountable)
* plaque on teeth
    Synonym: tandplaque

##### Derived terms

* tandplak

##### Descendants

* → Papiamentu: plak

### Etymology 3

From plakken.

#### Noun

plak f or m (plural plakken, diminutive plakje n)
* a ferule, flat solid wooden punitive implement, usually applied on the hand(s)

##### Derived terms

* de plak zwaaien
* onder de plak liggen

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

plak
* inflection of plakken:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### References

* M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch]

### Anagrams

* klap

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch plak, from Middle Dutch plagge; placke; plecke; placken, from Old Dutch *plakko, *plakka, from Proto-Germanic *plaggą. Doublet of plakat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plak/
* Hyphenation: plak

### Noun

plak (plural plak-plak)
* (biology, medicine, pathology) plaque:
** (dermatology) a broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad papule (“inflamed, irritated patch”) on the skin
** (cardiology) an abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease

### Further reading

* “plak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology 1

From English flag.

#### Noun

plak
* flag

### Etymology 2

From English plug.

#### Noun

plak
* plug; spark plug

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پلاق (plak), from French plaque. Doublet of plaka.

### Noun

plak (definite accusative plağı, plural plaklar)
* gramophone record, vinyl record

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
plak
plaklar
definite accusative
plağı
plakları
dative
plağa
plaklara
locative
plakta
plaklarda
ablative
plaktan
plaklardan
genitive
plağın
plakların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
plağım
plaklarım
2nd singular
plağın
plakların
3rd singular
plağı
plakları
1st plural
plağımız
plaklarımız
2nd plural
plağınız
plaklarınız
3rd plural
plakları
plakları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
plağımı
plaklarımı
2nd singular
plağını
plaklarını
3rd singular
plağını
plaklarını
1st plural
plağımızı
plaklarımızı
2nd plural
plağınızı
plaklarınızı
3rd plural
plaklarını
plaklarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
plağıma
plaklarıma
2nd singular
plağına
plaklarına
3rd singular
plağına
plaklarına
1st plural
plağımıza
plaklarımıza
2nd plural
plağınıza
plaklarınıza
3rd plural
plaklarına
plaklarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
plağımda
plaklarımda
2nd singular
plağında
plaklarında
3rd singular
plağında
plaklarında
1st plural
plağımızda
plaklarımızda
2nd plural
plağınızda
plaklarınızda
3rd plural
plaklarında
plaklarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
plağımdan
plaklarımdan
2nd singular
plağından
plaklarından
3rd singular
plağından
plaklarından
1st plural
plağımızdan
plaklarımızdan
2nd plural
plağınızdan
plaklarınızdan
3rd plural
plaklarından
plaklarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
plağımın
plaklarımın
2nd singular
plağının
plaklarının
3rd singular
plağının
plaklarının
1st plural
plağımızın
plaklarımızın
2nd plural
plağınızın
plaklarınızın
3rd plural
plaklarının
plaklarının :

#### Derived terms

* taş plak

### Further reading

* “plak”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “plak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

## Volapük
### Noun

plak (nominative plural plaks)
* experience

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

## West Frisian
### Etymology

Either from Old Frisian plekk or Dutch plek, plak, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *plakjō (“spot, stain”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plak/

### Noun

plak n (plural plakken, diminutive plakje)
* place
* position
* status, standing

#### Derived terms

* begraafplak
* berteplak
* haadplak

#### Further reading

* “plak (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011