# mandarin
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American, Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: /ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* (UK, General Australian) IPA: /mæn.dəˈɹɪn/
* Hyphenation: man‧da‧rin

### Etymology 1

From Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, and its source, Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) +‎ -इन् (-in, an agent suffix). In Chinese folk etymology, the word originates from Mandarin 滿大人 / 满大人 (Mǎndàrén, literally “Manchu important man”).

#### Noun

mandarin (plural mandarins)
* (historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire. [from 1580s]
** 1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey‎ (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs. They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.
* A pedantic or elitist bureaucrat.
* (sometimes derogatory) A pedantic senior person of influence in academia or literary circles.
** 1966 April 22, “The Beauty of His Malice”, in Time‎, archived from the original on 2012-11-06:Its sting preserved to literature a fierce peculiar genius [Waugh] who, in the 40 years before his death last week at 62, achieved recognition as the grand old mandarin of modern British prose and as a satirist whose skill at sticking pens in people rates him a roomy cell in the murderers’ row (Swift, Pope, Wilde, Shaw) of English letters.
** 2021 June 23, Peter S. Canellos, “Why The ‘Trump Court’ Won’t Be Like Trump”, in Politico:When mandarins on the court pointed to obscure language in the Constitution to overturn a century of precedent and declare the income tax unconstitutional, Harlan sided with precedent[.]
** 2024 January 13, Boyd Tonkin, “The culture of copyright creep”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:When institutional mandarins such as this eminent pair set out to undermine the traditional basis for remunerating the products of the mind, you might expect a lowly scribe (such as your reviewer) to take umbrage.
* (ornithology) Ellipsis of mandarin duck.
* (informal, British) A senior civil servant.

##### Derived terms

* Cleopatra mandarin
* mandarinal
* mandarinate
* mandarin collar
* mandarin fish
* mandarin gown
* mandarinism
* mandarinship
* mandarin square

##### Descendants

* → Irish: mandairín

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Adjective

mandarin (comparative more mandarin, superlative most mandarin)
* Pertaining to or reminiscent of mandarins; deliberately superior or complex; esoteric, highbrow, obscurantist. [from 20th c.]
** 1979, John Le Carré, Smiley's People, Folio Society, published 2010, page 58:A mandarin impassivity had descended over Smiley's face. The earlier emotion was quite gone.
** 1997, Henry Louis Gates Jr., “The Passing of Anatole Broyard”, in Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Black Man, New York: Random House, pages 180–181:[Anatole] Broyard's columns were suffused with both worldliness and high culture. Wry, mandarin, even self-amused at times, he wrote like a man about town, but one who just happened to have all of Western literature at his fingertips.
** 2007, Marina Warner, “Doubly Damned”, in London Review of Books, 29:3, p. 26:Though alert to riddles' strong roots in vernacular narrative, Cook's tastes are mandarin, and she gives a loving account of Wallace Stevens's meditations on the life of poetic images and simile […] .

### Etymology 2

From French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.

#### Noun

mandarin (plural mandarins)
* Ellipsis of mandarin orange.:
** A small, sweet citrus fruit.
** A tree of the species Citrus reticulata.
* An orange colour.
    mandarin:

##### Hypernyms

* fruit
** citrus

##### Translations
#### Further reading

* mandarin on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Mirandan

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish mandarín.

### Noun

mandarin
* mandarin (fruit)

#### Declension
### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

## Danish
### Etymology

From Portuguese mandarim.

### Noun

mandarin c (singular definite mandarinen, plural indefinite mandariner)
* mandarin (Chinese Imperial bureaucrat)
* mandarin orange, mandarin (a small, sweet citrus fruit)

#### Inflection
### Noun

mandarin n
* Mandarin

### References

* “mandarin” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Danish mandarin, from Dutch mandorijn or Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, from Hindi मन्त्रि (mantri), from Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, “an agent suffix”).

### Noun

mandarin f (genitive singular mandarinar, plural mandarinir)
* mandarin orange, mandarin (a small, sweet citrus fruit)

#### Declension
### Noun

mandarin n (genitive singular mandarins)
* Mandarin

#### Declension
### See also

* mandarinur

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɑ̃.da.ʁɛ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

mandarin (feminine mandarine, masculine plural mandarins, feminine plural mandarines)
* mandarin (of the former Chinese empire)

#### Derived terms

* diamant mandarin

#### Descendants

* → Breton: mandarin
* → Greek: μανδαρίνος (mandarínos)

### Noun

mandarin m (uncountable)
* Mandarin (language)

### Further reading

* “mandarin”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɒndɒrin]
* Hyphenation: man‧da‧rin
* Rhymes: -in

### Etymology 1

Internationalism mainly via German, originally from Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri.

#### Noun

mandarin (countable and uncountable, plural mandarinok)
* (historical) mandarin
* Mandarin (language)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Internationalism mainly via German, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.

#### Noun

mandarin (plural mandarinok)
* mandarin, mandarin orange (fruit and tree)

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ mandarin in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* (Chinese government bureaucrat): mandarin in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (mandarin orange): mandarin in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [manˈdarɪn]
* Hyphenation: man‧da‧rin

### Etymology 1

From Portuguese mandarim (“mandarin”), from Malay menteri (“minister”), from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī, “minister”). Doublet of manti, mantri, and menteri.

#### Noun

mandarin (plural mandarin-mandarin)
* mandarin,
** (historical) a high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire [from 1580s]
** Mandarin, the language of those official, which is the official language of China and Taiwan

### Etymology 2

From English mandarin (“mandarin orange”), from French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.

#### Noun

mandarin (plural mandarin-mandarin)
* mandarin orange

### Further reading

* “mandarin” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), Malay menteri, manteri, and Portuguese mandarim.

### Noun

mandarin m (definite singular mandarinen, indefinite plural mandariner, definite plural mandarinene)
* (uncountable) Mandarin (official language in China)
* a mandarin ((formerly) a Chinese official; (now) a bureaucrat)
* (fruit) a mandarin or mandarin orange

### References

* “mandarin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), Malay menteri, manteri, and Portuguese mandarim.

### Noun

mandarin m (definite singular mandarinen, indefinite plural mandarinar, definite plural mandarinane)
* (uncountable) Mandarin (official language in China)
* a mandarin ((formerly) a Chinese official; (now) a bureaucrat)
* (fruit) a mandarin or mandarin orange

### References

* “mandarin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French mandarin.

### Noun

mandarin m (plural mandarini)
* mandarin

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mandǎriːn/
* Hyphenation: man‧da‧rin

### Noun

mandàrīn m (Cyrillic spelling манда̀рӣн)
* mandarin (Chinese Imperial bureaucrat)

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Etymology

From Portuguese mandarim.

### Noun

mandarin c or n
* (common) mandarin orange
* (common, historical) mandarin; a high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire.
* (uncountable, neuter) Mandarin

#### Derived terms

* mandarinsk

### References

* mandarin in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* mandarin in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* mandarin in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)