# kamera
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch camera, from New Latin camera obscura (“dark chamber”), from Latin camera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.mə.ra/

### Noun

kamera (plural kameras)
* camera

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Borrowed from French caméra

### Noun

kamera
* photo camera, video camera
    Synonym: ücre

#### Declension
### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
* “kamera”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Czech
### Etymology

Via Western-European languages (German Kamera, English camera) from New Latin camera obscura (literally “dark chamber”), because the first cameras used a pinhole and a dark room; from Latin camera (“chamber or bedchamber”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkamɛra]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kamera f
* camera (for moving pictures)

#### Derived terms

* kamera, klapka, jedeme
* kameraman m
* kamerový

#### Related terms

* kamarád
* komora

### References

* ↑ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “kamera”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

### Further reading

* “kamera”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kamera”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kamera”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Finnish
### Etymology

Ultimately from New Latin camera obscura, via one or more Germanic languages, most likely Swedish or German.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑmerɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝me̞rɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑmerɑ
* Hyphenation: ka‧me‧ra

### Noun

kamera
* camera
    Synonym: valokuvauskone

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kamera (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamerani
kamerani
accusative
nom.
kamerani
kamerani
gen.
kamerani
genitive
kamerani
kameroideni kameroitteni kameraini $^{rare}$
partitive
kameraani
kameroitani
inessive
kamerassani
kameroissani
elative
kamerastani
kameroistani
illative
kameraani
kameroihini
adessive
kamerallani
kameroillani
ablative
kameraltani
kameroiltani
allative
kameralleni
kameroilleni
essive
kameranani
kameroinani
translative
kamerakseni
kameroikseni
abessive
kamerattani
kameroittani
instructive
comitative
—kameroineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamerasi
kamerasi
accusative
nom.
kamerasi
kamerasi
gen.
kamerasi
genitive
kamerasi
kameroidesi kameroittesi kameraisi $^{rare}$
partitive
kameraasi
kameroitasi
inessive
kamerassasi
kameroissasi
elative
kamerastasi
kameroistasi
illative
kameraasi
kameroihisi
adessive
kamerallasi
kameroillasi
ablative
kameraltasi
kameroiltasi
allative
kamerallesi
kameroillesi
essive
kameranasi
kameroinasi
translative
kameraksesi
kameroiksesi
abessive
kamerattasi
kameroittasi
instructive
comitative
—kameroinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kameramme
kameramme
accusative
nom.
kameramme
kameramme
gen.
kameramme
genitive
kameramme
kameroidemme kameroittemme kameraimme $^{rare}$
partitive
kameraamme
kameroitamme
inessive
kamerassamme
kameroissamme
elative
kamerastamme
kameroistamme
illative
kameraamme
kameroihimme
adessive
kamerallamme
kameroillamme
ablative
kameraltamme
kameroiltamme
allative
kamerallemme
kameroillemme
essive
kameranamme
kameroinamme
translative
kameraksemme
kameroiksemme
abessive
kamerattamme
kameroittamme
instructive
comitative
—kameroinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kameranne
kameranne
accusative
nom.
kameranne
kameranne
gen.
kameranne
genitive
kameranne
kameroidenne kameroittenne kamerainne $^{rare}$
partitive
kameraanne
kameroitanne
inessive
kamerassanne
kameroissanne
elative
kamerastanne
kameroistanne
illative
kameraanne
kameroihinne
adessive
kamerallanne
kameroillanne
ablative
kameraltanne
kameroiltanne
allative
kamerallenne
kameroillenne
essive
kamerananne
kameroinanne
translative
kameraksenne
kameroiksenne
abessive
kamerattanne
kameroittanne
instructive
comitative
—kameroinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kameransa
kameransa
accusative
nom.
kameransa
kameransa
gen.
kameransa
genitive
kameransa
kameroidensa kameroittensa kamerainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
kameraansa
kameroitaan kameroitansa
inessive
kamerassaan kamerassansa
kameroissaan kameroissansa
elative
kamerastaan kamerastansa
kameroistaan kameroistansa
illative
kameraansa
kameroihinsa
adessive
kamerallaan kamerallansa
kameroillaan kameroillansa
ablative
kameraltaan kameraltansa
kameroiltaan kameroiltansa
allative
kameralleen kamerallensa
kameroilleen kameroillensa
essive
kameranaan kameranansa
kameroinaan kameroinansa
translative
kamerakseen kameraksensa
kameroikseen kameroiksensa
abessive
kamerattaan kamerattansa
kameroittaan kameroittansa
instructive
comitative
—kameroineen kameroinensa :

#### Derived terms

* autokamera
* automaattikamera
* digikamera
* digitaalikamera
* dokumenttikamera
* elokuvakamera
* etukamera
* filmikamera
* haalarikamera
* infrapunakamera
* internetkamera
* järjestelmäkamera
* kaitafilmikamera
* kamera-ajo
* kamerakopteri
* kamera­kopteri
* kamerakulma
* kamera­kännykkä
* kamerakännykkä
* kameralaukku
* kameramies
* kameranauhuri
* kamerapuhelin
* kamerapylväs
* kameraseura
* kamerataide
* kameratarkkailu
* kameratyöskentely
* kameravalvonta
* kameravaunu
* kertakäyttökamera
* kinofilmikamera
* kojelautakamera
* kompaktikamera
* kulunvalvontakamera
* kännykkäkamera
* laakafilmikamera
* laatikkokamera
* livekamera
* lämpökamera
* maalikamera
* melukamera
* mustavalkokamera
* nettikamera
* neulanreikäkamera
* nopeuskamera
* nopeusvalvontakamera
* paljekamera
* palkkikamera
* panoraamakamera
* peiliheijastuskamera
* peilikamera
* peruutuskamera
* piilokamera
* pikakamera
* polaroidkamera
* pönttökamera
* reproduktiokamera
* reprokamera
* riistakamera
* sarjakamera
* stereokamera
* suukamera
* suurkuvakamera
* takakamera
* taskukamera
* televisiokamera
* tolppakamera
* turvakamera
* ultraviolettikamera
* valokuvakamera
* valokuvauskamera
* valvontakamera
* verkkokamera
* videokamera
* värikamera
* webbikamera
* webkamera
* äänikamera

### Further reading

* “kamera”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* karmea, kermaa

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English camera, from Latin camera (obscura) (literally “(dark) chamber”), because the first cameras used a pinhole and a dark room; from Latin camera (“chamber or bedchamber”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɒmɛrɒ]
* Hyphenation: ka‧me‧ra
* Rhymes: -rɒ

### Noun

kamera (plural kamerák)
* camera (a device for taking still or moving pictures or photographs)
    Synonyms: (for still pictures) fényképezőgép, (for moving pictures) filmfelvevő
* video camera

#### Derived terms

* lyukkamera

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch camera, from English camera, from New Latin camera obscura (“dark chamber”), from Latin camera (“chamber or bedchamber”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”). Doublet of kamar and kamerad.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kaˈmɛ.ra]
* Hyphenation: ka‧mè‧ra

### Noun

kamera (plural kamera-kamera)
* camera, a device for taking still or moving pictures or photographs

#### Derived terms

* berkamera

### Further reading

* “kamera” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

kamera
* Rōmaji transcription of カメラ

## Latvian
### Noun

kamera f (4th declension)
* camera
* chamber
* cell (room in a prison for containing inmates)

#### Derived terms

* acs kamera

## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkäːmɛrɐ]

### Noun

kãmera f (plural kãmeros) stress pattern 1
* cell, chamber, compartment
* camera

#### Declension
## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from English camera, from Latin camera (“chamber or bedchamber”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”), of Old Iranian origin, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”), from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”). Doublet of kamar, kampus, and komrad.

### Pronunciation

* (English-based) IPA: [kɛ.mə.rə], [kɛ.mə.ra]
** Rhymes: -rə, -ra, -ə, -a
* (Baku) IPA: [ka.me.ra]
** Rhymes: -ra, -a
* Hyphenation: ka‧me‧ra

### Noun

kamera (Jawi spelling کاميرا)
* camera (device for taking photos or videos)

#### Compounds

* kamera digital
* kamera kandid
* kamera polaroid
* kamera video
* kamera web

### Further reading

* “kamera” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin camera.

### Noun

kamera n (definite singular kameraet, indefinite plural kamera or kameraer, definite plural kameraene)
* a camera (device for recording visual images, either on film or digitally)
    Synonym: fotoapparat

#### Derived terms

* digitalkamera
* filmkamera
* nettkamera
* videokamera
* webkamera

### References

* “kamera” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin camera.

### Noun

kamera n (definite singular kameraet, indefinite plural kamera, definite plural kameraa)
* a camera (as above)
    Synonym: fotoapparat

#### Derived terms

* digitalkamera
* filmkamera
* nettkamera
* videokamera
* webkamera

### References

* “kamera” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára), from Old Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā-, from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em-. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English camera. Doublet of komora.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈmɛ.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛra
* Syllabification: ka‧me‧ra

### Noun

kamera f
* (rare) cell, chamber
    Synonyms: cela, izba, komora
* (photography) video camera
    Synonym: aparat fotograficzny
* (historical) office that manages the royal estates and reveniues
    Hypernym: urząd
* (military) groove in the barrel into which a round is inserted
    Hypernym: wyżłobienie

#### Derived terms

* kamerowy
* astrokamera
* kamera filmowa
* kamera fotogrametryczna
* kamera telewizyjna
* kamera wizyjna
* kamerownia
* kamerować impf

#### Related terms

* kameralistyczny
* kameralny
* kameralista
* kameralistyka
* kameralizacja
* kameralizm
* kameralność
* kameralizować impf

### Further reading

* kamera in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kamera in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

kàmera f (Cyrillic spelling ка̀мера)
* video camera

#### Declension
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkamera]

### Noun

kamera f (relational adjective kamerový)
* camera

#### Related terms

* kino
* film

### Further reading

* “kamera”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from English camera.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

kamera class IX (plural kamera class X or makamera class VI)
* camera (for taking pictures)

## Swedish
### Etymology

From New Latin camera obscura (literally “dark chamber”), because the first cameras used a pinhole and a dark room; from Latin camera (“chamber or bedchamber”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”). Doublet of kammare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑːm(ɛ)ra/
* The e is virtually never pronounced in everyday speech.

### Noun

kamera c
* camera

#### Derived terms

* bridgekamera
* bälgkamera
* digitalkamera
* fartkamera
* filmkamera
* handkamera
* hastighetskamera
* hålkamera
* kameravinkel
* kompaktkamera
* lådkamera
* magnetkamera
* målkamera
* nålhålskamera
* polaroidkamera
* småbildskamera
* spegelreflexkamera
* spionkamera
* stativkamera
* stillbildskamera
* systemkamera
* undervattenskamera
* videokamera
* vidvinkelkamera
* värmekamera
* webbkamera
* övervakningskamera

### References

* kamera in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* -makare

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from English camera, from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára), of Old Iranian origin. Doublet of kamara.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈkameɾa/ [ˌkaː.mɛˈɾa]
* Rhymes: -ameɾa
* Syllabification: ka‧me‧ra

### Noun

kámerá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜒᜇ)
* camera
    Synonym: kodak

#### Related terms

* kamalala

### Further reading

* “kamera”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English camera.

### Noun

kamera
* camera

## Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French caméra, from English camera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑˈmeɾɑ/
* Hyphenation: ka‧me‧ra

### Noun

kamera (definite accusative kamerayı, plural kameralar)
* video camera
* (of a cell phone) camera

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
kamera
kameralar
definite accusative
kamerayı
kameraları
dative
kameraya
kameralara
locative
kamerada
kameralarda
ablative
kameradan
kameralardan
genitive
kameranın
kameraların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
kameram
kameralarım
2nd singular
kameran
kameraların
3rd singular
kamerası
kameraları
1st plural
kameramız
kameralarımız
2nd plural
kameranız
kameralarınız
3rd plural
kameraları
kameraları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
kameramı
kameralarımı
2nd singular
kameranı
kameralarını
3rd singular
kamerasını
kameralarını
1st plural
kameramızı
kameralarımızı
2nd plural
kameranızı
kameralarınızı
3rd plural
kameralarını
kameralarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
kamerama
kameralarıma
2nd singular
kamerana
kameralarına
3rd singular
kamerasına
kameralarına
1st plural
kameramıza
kameralarımıza
2nd plural
kameranıza
kameralarınıza
3rd plural
kameralarına
kameralarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
kameramda
kameralarımda
2nd singular
kameranda
kameralarında
3rd singular
kamerasında
kameralarında
1st plural
kameramızda
kameralarımızda
2nd plural
kameranızda
kameralarınızda
3rd plural
kameralarında
kameralarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
kameramdan
kameralarımdan
2nd singular
kamerandan
kameralarından
3rd singular
kamerasından
kameralarından
1st plural
kameramızdan
kameralarımızdan
2nd plural
kameranızdan
kameralarınızdan
3rd plural
kameralarından
kameralarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
kameramın
kameralarımın
2nd singular
kameranın
kameralarının
3rd singular
kamerasının
kameralarının
1st plural
kameramızın
kameralarımızın
2nd plural
kameranızın
kameralarınızın
3rd plural
kameralarının
kameralarının
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
kamerayım
kameralarım
2nd singular
kamerasın
kameralarsın
3rd singular
kamera kameradır
kameralar kameralardır
1st plural
kamerayız
kameralarız
2nd plural
kamerasınız
kameralarsınız
3rd plural
kameralar
kameralardır :

#### Derived terms

* güvenlik kamerası (“security camera”)
* kamera şakası (“prank”)
* kameracı
* termal kamera (“thermal camera”)

#### Related terms

* kameraman

### Further reading

* “kamera”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kamera”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “kamera”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı