# -ий
## Mongolian
### Etymology

From Classical Mongolian ᠢ (-i) and ᠡᠢ (-ei).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiː/
* Syllabification: ий (1 syllable)

### Suffix

-ий • (-ii)
* Marks the genitive case in the regular declension after a front vowel stem ending in н (n).
    ‎эмгэн (emgen, “old woman”) + ‎-ий (-ii) → ‎эмгэний (emgenii, “old woman's”)
* Forms patronymics.

#### Alternative forms

* -ын (-yn), -ийн (-iin), -ы (-y), -н (-n), -ны (-ny), -ний (-nii), -ины (-iny), -иний (-inii), -гийн (-giin)

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* -ій (-ij) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic -ии (-ii), displaced native *-ей (*-jej) (compare и́ней (ínej) from Proto-Slavic *jьnьjь), from Proto-Slavic *-ьjь.

#### Suffix

-ий • (-ij)
* forms relational and possessive adjectives from nouns describing animals and people: -'s, -ine, -ian
    ‎соба́ка (sobáka, “dog”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎соба́чий (sobáčij, “dog (relational);, canine”)
    ‎ры́ба (rýba, “fish”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎ры́бий (rýbij, “fish (relational);”)
    ‎пти́ца (ptíca, “bird”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎пти́чий (ptíčij, “bird (relational); avian”)
    ‎коза́ (kozá, “goat”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎ко́зий (kózij, “goat (relational);”)
    ‎лиса́ (lisá, “fox”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎ли́сий (lísij, “fox (relational); vulpine, foxlike”)
    ‎стару́шка (starúška, “(little) old lady”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎стару́шечий (starúšečij, “anile, like a crone or old lady”)
    ‎ча́йка (čájka, “seagull”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎ча́ячий (čájačij, “seagull (relational); (with irregular -я-)”)
    ‎ко́шка (kóška, “cat”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎коша́чий (košáčij, “cat (relational); , feline”) (with irregular -а́-)
    ‎бог (box, “god”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎бо́жий (bóžij, “god's, divine”)
    ‎деви́ца (devíca, “girl, maiden”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎деви́чий (devíčij, “girl's, girlish”)
    ‎ба́ба (bába, “woman”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎ба́бий (bábij, “women's”) (pejorative or in expressions)
    ‎ребя́та (rebjáta, “children”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎ребя́чий (rebjáčij, “children's; childish”) (with irregular iotation)

##### Usage notes

* This suffix is added particularly to animate nouns, and has the special possessive declension. It triggers the Slavic first palatalization but not (normally) iotation; but see ребя́чий (rebjáčij) from ребя́та (rebjáta), with iotation.
* If added to reducible nouns, the noun assumes the unreduced form.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic -ыи (-yi), displaced expected -ой (-oj) in unstressed positions, from Proto-Slavic *-ъ + *jь, doublet of -о́й (-ój).

#### Suffix

-ий • (-ij)
* -ed
    ‎одно- (odno-, “one”) + ‎нога́ (nogá, “leg”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎одноно́гий (odnonógij, “one-legged”)
    ‎жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”) + ‎-о- (-o-) + ‎брю́хо (brjúxo, “belly”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎желтобрю́хий (želtobrjúxij, “yellow-bellied”)
    ‎без- (bez-, “without”) + ‎лик (lik, “face”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎безли́кий (bezlíkij, “faceless”, literally “no-faced”)

##### Usage notes

* This suffix is a variant of -ый (-yj) used particularly after velars (к г х) due to Russian spelling rules. It is used particularly with two-part compounds, where the second part normally refers to a body part. It does not trigger the Slavic first palatalization.
* These adjectives do have short forms, of accent pattern a.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic -ии (-ii), displaced native *-ей (*-jej) (compare и́ней (ínej) from Proto-Slavic *jьnьjь), from Proto-Slavic *-jьjь.

#### Suffix

-ий • (-ij)
* forms adjectives from verbs, verbal nouns and compounds: -ous, -al, etc.
    ‎сход (sxod, “gathering”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎схо́жий (sxóžij, “similar”)
    ‎расходи́ться (rasxodítʹsja, “to sell out”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎расхо́жий (rasxóžij, “popular, in demand”)
    ‎бес- (bes-, “without”) + ‎стыд (styd, “shame”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎бессты́жий (besstýžij, “shameless”)
* forms adjectives and adjectival nouns from some nouns referring to people
    ‎возни́ца (vozníca, “charioteer”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎возни́чий (vozníčij, “charioteer”)
    ‎лесни́к (lesník, “woodsman, forest ranger”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎лесни́чий (lesníčij, “woodsman, forest ranger”)
    ‎рабо́та (rabóta, “work”) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎рабо́чий (rabóčij, “worker; worker's”)

##### Usage notes

* This suffix is not too common and appears to be formed especially from nouns and verbs ending in д. Unlike the other two suffixes, it triggers iotation.
* Adjectives formed this way tend to have a popular, colloquial flavor.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 4

Reanalysis of Latin and New Latin terms suffixed with Latin -um or -ium.

#### Suffix

-ий • (-ij)
* forms names of chemical elements, especially metallic ones: -ium
    ‎чугу́н (čugún) + ‎-ий (-ij) → ‎(humorous) чугу́ний (čugúnij, literally “cast ironium”)

##### Usage notes

* Productive in colloquial, humorous, or fictional contexts.

##### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ Wandl, Florian (2022 November) “Trapped morphology and the rise of the Slavic definite adjective inflection: a reexamination”, in Folia Linguistica, volume 56, number s43-s1, pages 1-2, 15: “[…] the definite adjective inflection of Slavic. This type of inflection arose when a pronoun with the stem *j- attached at the right edge of an adjective. […] cf. nom.sg.m *-ъ-jь/*-ь-jь → *-ъjь/*-ьjь […]”

## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ ɪi̯]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Ruthenian -ий, -ый, -ій (-ij, -yj, -ij), from Old East Slavic -ии, -ыи (-ii, -yi), from Proto-Slavic *-ъjь, -ьjь and -jьjь.

#### Suffix

-ий • (-yj) m (feminine -а, variant -ій)
* masculine nominative singular adjective ending
* masculine inanimate accusative singular adjective ending

### Etymology 2

The same as Etymology 1.

#### Alternative forms

* -ій (-ij)

#### Suffix

-ий • (-yj) m (feminine -а)
* -ed
    ‎одно- (odno-, “one”) + ‎глаз (hlaz, “eye”) + ‎-ий (-yj) → ‎одноо́кий (odnoókyj, “one-eyed”)
    ‎світлий (svitlyj, “light”) + ‎во́лос (vólos, “hair”) + ‎-ий (-yj) → ‎світловоло́сий (svitlovolósyj, “light-haired”)
    ‎без- (bez-, “without”) + ‎зуб (zub, “tooth”) + ‎-ий (-yj) → ‎беззу́бий (bezzúbyj, “toothless”, literally “no-toothed”)

##### Usage notes

* This suffix is used particularly with two-part compounds, where the second part normally refers to a body part.
* The stress is drawn onto the preceding syllable.
* These adjectives consistently have short forms of accent pattern a.
* The suffix has the variant -ій (-ij)

##### Derived terms
## Uzbek
### Suffix

-ий (-iy)
* Cyrillic spelling of -iy