OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# pengadilan agung
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pengadilan (“court”) +‎ agung (“supreme”), calque from Japanese 最高法院(さいこうほういん) (saikōhōin, “supreme court”), term used in East Asia, except for Japanese home islands, 最高裁判所(さいこうさいばんしょ) (saikōsaibansho). Continuation of Dutch hooggerechtshof (“supreme court”). Displaced by mahkamah agung.

### Noun

pengadilan agung (uncountable)
* (historical, law) supreme court: a court of law which represents the highest legal authority within a jurisdiction
    Persidangan pertama di Pengadilan Tinggi ini berlangsung di Banco Court di Pengadilan Agung (Supreme Court) di Melbourne pada 6 Oktober 1903. ― The first sitting of the High Court took place in the Banco Court of the Supreme Court in Melbourne on 6 October 1903.
    Pada Rabu (22/11/2023), pihak kurator Horizonte, yaitu David Griffin dan Nicholas James Gronow, yang diangkat oleh Pengadilan Agung Kepulauan Cayman sebagai pemohon pailit, telah mengajukan bukti-bukti kepada majelis hakim Pengadilan Niaga Semarang. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Oentoek sementara waktoe, pekerdjaan Saikoo Hooin (Pengadilan Agoeng) den Saikoo Kensatu Kyuku (Kedjaksaan Pengadilan Agoeng) dihentikan, serta hal-hal jang termasoek dalam kekoeasaannja dioeroes menoeroet atoeran pasal 2 sampai pasal 6. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Alternative forms

* pengadilan agoeng (1942―45)

### References

* ↑ High Court of Australia (2014) High Court of Australia‎ (in Indonesian), Canberra
* ↑ Fajar Pratama (2023 December 1 (last accessed)) “Gugatan Pailit, Kurator Beri Kesaksian Utang Pemilik Bank Capital Danny Nugroho”, in detiknews‎ (in Indonesian)
# terasi
## English
### Noun

terasi (uncountable)
* The Indonesian version of belachan, a shrimp-paste condiment.

### Anagrams

* satire, striae, striæ, terais

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦠꦿꦱꦶ (trasi). Cognate of Dutch trassi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /təˈrasi/
* Rhymes: -si, -i
* Hyphenation: tê‧ra‧si

### Noun

têrasi (plural terasi-terasi)
* (cooking) terasi: The Indonesian version of belachan, a shrimp-paste condiment
    Synonym: bêlacan

### Further reading

* “terasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# termometer
## Danish
### Noun

termometer n (definite singular termometeret or termometret, indefinite plural termometre, definite plural termometrene)
* a thermometer

### References

* “termometer” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch thermometer, from French thermomètre, from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “hot”) +‎ μέτρον (métron, “measure”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t̪ermoˈmet̪ər]
* Hyphenation: tèr‧mo‧mè‧têr

### Noun

termometer (plural)
* thermometer: an apparatus used to measure temperature

#### Derived terms

* termometer air hitam
* termometer air raksa
* termometer alkohol
* termometer apung
* termometer basal
* termometer bimetal
* termometer bola basah
* termometer bola kering
* termometer cairan
* termometer digital
* termometer gas
* termometer klinis
* termometer maksimum
* termometer minimum
* termometer tahanan
* termometer tanah
* termometer tembak
* termometer tubuh

### Further reading

* “termometer” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

termometer n (definite singular termometeret or termometret, indefinite plural termometer or termometre, definite plural termometra or termometrene)
* a thermometer

#### Synonyms

* gradestokk

### References

* “termometer” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

termometer n (definite singular termometeret, indefinite plural termometer, definite plural termometera)
* a thermometer

#### Synonyms

* gradestokk, gradstokk

### References

* “termometer” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Etymology

termo- +‎ meter

### Noun

termometer c
* a thermometer

#### Related terms

* febertermometer
* kvicksilvertermometer
* sprittermometer
* termometerskala
# termoregulasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch thermoregulatie (“thermoregulation”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɛr.mo.re.ɡu.ˈla.si/
* Rhymes: -si
* Hyphenation: ter‧mo‧re‧gu‧la‧si

### Noun

termoregulasi (uncountable)
* (physiology) thermoregulation: the maintenance of a constant internal temperature of an organism independent of the temperature of the environment
    Synonym: pentermokawalaturan (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “termoregulasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# zijn oren spitsen
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compare German die Ohren spitzen.

### Verb

zijn oren spitsen
* (intransitive, idiomatic) to prick up one's ears
# referendaris
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch referendaris (“permanent secretary, secretary general”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /re.fə̂.rɛnˈda.ris/, [re.fə̂.rɛnˈda.rɪs]
* Rhymes: -rɪs
* Hyphenation: re‧fê‧ren‧da‧ris

### Noun

referendaris (plural referendaris-referendaris)
* (government) permanent secretary, secretary general: the most senior civil servant in a department or ministry

### Further reading

* “referendaris” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# somnului
## Romanian
### Noun

somnului
* definite genitive/dative singular of somn
# pengajaran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed ajar (“to teach”) +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pəŋaˈd͡ʒaran/ [pə.ŋaˈd͡ʒa.ran]
* Rhymes: -aran
* Syllabification: pe‧nga‧ja‧ran

### Noun

pengajaran (plural pengajaran-pengajaran)
* (education) teaching: the activity that a teacher does when he/she teaches

#### Derived terms

* pengajaran berbantu komputer
* pengajaran berbantuan-komputer
* pengajaran berbasis pabrik
* pengajaran jarak jauh
* pengajaran ke pelelang
* pengajaran mikro
* pengajaran remedial
* pengajaran sikap hidup
* pengajaran tim
* sosiologi pengajaran
* televisi pengajaran

### Further reading

* “pengajaran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# teroris
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch terrorist, from French terroriste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɛˈrorɪs]
* Hyphenation: tè‧ro‧ris

### Noun

teroris (plural teroris-teroris)
* terrorist

#### Related terms

* teror
* terorisme

### Further reading

* “teroris” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# referensi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch referentie, from French référence, presumably from Old French referer (14th century), anyway from Latin referre "to relate, refer", literally "to carry back", itself from re- "back" + ferre "to carry, bring".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (standard, English-influenced) [refəˈrɛnsi]
* IPA: (nonstandard, Dutch-influenced) [refɛˈrensi]
* Hyphenation: ré‧fê‧rèn‧si

### Noun

réfêrènsi (uncountable)
* reference:
** a reference work
** a measurement one can compare to
** (semantics) a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object
** a short written identification of a previously published work which is used as a source for a text
    Synonym: daftar pustaka
** a previously published written work thus indicated; a source

#### Derived terms

* mereferensikan
* buku referensi
* referensi absolut
* referensi sel

#### Related terms

* referen

### Further reading

* “referensi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# sängbundna
## Swedish
### Adjective

sängbundna
* inflection of sängbunden:
** definite singular
** plural
# aerului
## Romanian
### Noun

aerului
* definite genitive/dative singular of aer
# pengambilan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed ambil +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pəŋamˈbilan/ [pəŋ.amˈbil.an]
* Rhymes: -ilan
* Syllabification: peng‧am‧bil‧an

### Noun

pengambilan (plural pengambilan-pengambilan)
* intake
* recruitment
* seizure
* withdrawal
* retrieval
* drawing, taking
* opinion, understanding

#### Derived terms

* pengambilan surat

### Further reading

* “pengambilan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# terubuk
## Indonesian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Noun

terubuk (plural terubuk-terubuk)
* Tenualosa macrura, a fish in the herring family
* Tenualosa spp
# sleep shorts
## English
### Noun

sleep shorts pl (plural only)
* (clothing) A type of lighweight shorts designed for sleeping or lounging.
# pengambilan keputusan etis
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pengambilan +‎ keputusan +‎ etis.

### Noun

pengambilan keputusan etis (plural pengambilan-pengambilan keputusan etis)
* ethical decision making: the process of making choices in a situation where there are moral implications, carefully considering the potential consequences of each option and selecting the one that aligns best with established ethical principles, such as fairness, justice, and responsibility, to achieve the greatest good for all involved

### Further reading

* “pengambilan keputusan etis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# SOM
## Translingual
### Symbol

SOM
* (international standards) ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code for Somalia.
    Synonym: SO (alpha-2)

## English
### Noun

SOM (plural SOMs)
* (machine learning) Initialism of self-organizing map.
    Coordinate term: SOFM
* Alternative form of SoM

### Anagrams

* MOS, MOs, OMS, OMs, SMO, mos, mos', oms, osm
# pengangkutan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

angkut +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəŋaŋkʊt̪an]

### Noun

pengangkutan (plural)
* transportation: the act of transporting
    Synonyms: angkutan, perhubungan, transportasi

### Further reading

* “pengangkutan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pengasuh
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed peng- +‎ asuh

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pəˈŋasuh/ [pəˈŋa.sʊh]
* Rhymes: -asuh
* Syllabification: pe‧nga‧suh

### Noun

pengasuh (plural pengasuh-pengasuh)
* caretaker, carer (a person who looks after another person)
* (of a child) fosterer (who is designated to care for and nurture someone)
* guardian
* (figurative) master of ceremonies
** someone who acts as a host at a formal event
    Synonym: pembawa acara
** someone who conducts a programme of varied entertainment, for example by introducing performers to the audience
    Synonym: pembawa acara

### Further reading

* “pengasuh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pengaturan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed atur +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəŋaˈtʊran/

### Noun

pêngaturan (plural pengaturan-pengaturan)
* adjustment
    Synonym: penyesuaian
* arrangement
    kondisi pengaturan ekspansi ― condition of expansion arrangements
* control
    Synonyms: pengendalian, kontrol
* regulation
    Synonym: regulasi

### Further reading

* “pengaturan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pengawasan preventif
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pengawasan +‎ preventif.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.ŋa.ˈwas.an pre.ˈvɛn.tɪf/

### Noun

pengawasan preventif (plural pengawasan-pengawasan preventif)
* (government, management) supervision of regional regulations and regional decisions regarding certain matters which will only come into effect after direction from authorized officials

### Further reading

* “pengawasan preventif” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pengeboran terarah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pengeboran (“boring; driling”) +‎ terarah.

### Noun

pengeboran terarah (plural pengeboran-pengeboran terarah)
* (mining) directional drilling: a drilling technique that involves drilling a well in a non-vertical direction to reach a specific target

### Further reading

* “pengeboran terarah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pengelompokan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed kelompok +‎ peng- -an, inherited from Malay pengelompokan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.ŋə.lɔm.ˈpɔk.an/
* Rhymes: -an, -n
* Hyphenation: pê‧ngê‧lom‧pok‧an

### Noun

pêngêlompokan (plural pengelompokan-pengelompokan)
* grouping: the action of the verb to group

### Further reading

* “pengelompokan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pengembangan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed kembang +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəŋəmˈbaŋan]
* Hyphenation: pê‧ngêm‧bang‧an
* Rhymes: -ŋan

### Noun

pêngêmbangan (plural pengembangan-pengembangan)
* (literal) blooming, flowering
* development, the process of developing
* expansion
    Synonym: ekspansi

### Further reading

* “pengembangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Affixed kembang +‎ peng- -an.

### Noun

pengembangan (Jawi spelling ڤڠمبڠن, plural pengembangan-pengembangan, informal 1st possessive pengembanganku, 2nd possessive pengembanganmu, 3rd possessive pengembangannya)
* (literal) blooming, flowering.
* expansion
    Synonym: ekspansi
* dilation

### Further reading

* “pengembangan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# hydropath
## English
### Etymology

Compare French hydropathe.

### Noun

hydropath (plural hydropaths)
* A hydropathist.

### References

* “hydropath”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# pengguna
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed peng- +‎ guna. Semantic loan from English user for other senses than “one who uses something”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəŋˈɡuna/
* Rhymes: -na, -a
* Hyphenation: pêng‧gu‧na

### Noun

pengguna (plural pengguna-pengguna)
* user:
** one who uses something
** a person who uses illegal drugs
** (computing) a person who uses a computer or a computing network, especially a person who has received a user account

#### Synonyms

* pemakai

#### Holonyms

* internet

#### Related terms

* guna, berguna, kegunaan, mempergunakan, menggunakan

### References

* “pengguna” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Affixed peng- +‎ guna.

### Noun

pengguna (plural pengguna-pengguna, informal 1st possessive penggunaku, 2nd possessive penggunamu, 3rd possessive penggunanya)
* consumer

#### Synonyms

* konsumen (Indonesian)

### Further reading

* “pengguna” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# penghilangan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From peng- -an +‎ hilang.

### Noun

penghilangan (uncountable)
* removal, elimination
# penginderaan jauh
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of penginderaan (“sensing”) +‎ jauh (“far”), calque of English remote sensing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəŋɪnˈdraan ˈd͡ʒaʊh/

### Noun

penginderaan jauh (uncountable)
* (geography) remote sensing

#### Synonyms

* indraja
* penderiaan jauh (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “penginderaan jauh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pengklasteran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed klaster +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pəŋˈklastəran/ [pəŋˈklas.t̪ə.ran]
* Rhymes: -astəran
* Syllabification: peng‧klas‧te‧ran

### Noun

pengklasteran (plural pengklasteran-pengklasteran)
* clustering
    Synonym: penggugusan
** a grouping of a number of similar things
** (demography) the grouping of a population based on ethnicity, economics or religion

### Further reading

* “pengklasteran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pengkritik
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* pengeritik, pengkeritik (nonstandard)

### Etymology

peng- +‎ kritik.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəŋˈkri.tɪk̚/
* Rhymes: -tɪk̚
* Hyphenation: pêng‧kri‧tik

### Noun

pêngkritik
* critic
** a person who appraises the works of others
** a specialist in judging works of art
** one who criticizes; a person who finds fault
* criticizer (one who criticizes; a person who finds fault)

### References

* “pengkritik” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# エムシ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* エムシイ
* エムㇱ

### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *Emus LL (“sword”).

### Noun

エムシ • (emushi)
* a sword

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
Batchelor, John (1926) An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Kyobunkan
# pengobatan tradisional
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pengobatan +‎ tradisional, calque of English traditional medicine.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəŋ.o.ˈbat.an tra.di.si.ˈo.nal/

### Noun

pengobatan tradisional (uncountable)
* (healthcare) traditional medicine:
** a system of medicine developed before the era of modern medicine, especially one that is associated with a single culture
** a specific medicine or remedy in this system

#### Synonyms

* kedokteran tradisional
* perubatan tradisional (Standard Malay)
# penilaian buku
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of penilaian +‎ buku.

### Noun

penilaian buku (plural penilaian-penilaian buku)
* (education) book analysis: a critical assessment of a book's meaning, significance, and quality

### Further reading

* “penilaian buku” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pensiun dipercepat
## Indonesian
### Noun

pensiun dipercepat (uncountable)
* early retirement
    Synonym: pensiun dini
# pentil
## Indonesian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch ventiel (“valve”), from German Ventil, from Medieval Latin ventile.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɛn̪.t̪ɪl]
* Hyphenation: pén‧til

#### Noun

pèntil (plural pentil-pentil)
* valve

##### Synonyms

* injap
* katup
* klep

### Etymology 2

Unknown, related to Javanese ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦭ꧀ (penthil, “nipple”) and Javanese ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦭ꧀ (pentil, “fruit bud”), and Old Javanese muntil (“bud”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pən̪.ˈt̪ɪl]
* Hyphenation: pên‧til

#### Noun

pêntil (plural pentil-pentil)
* nipple
* young fruit

### Further reading

* “pentil” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

pentil
* Romanization of ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦭ꧀

## Portuguese
### Noun

pentil m (plural pentis)
* (organic chemistry) pentyl
# penulisan wara
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of penulisan (“writing”) +‎ wara (“announcement”).

### Noun

penulisan wara (plural penulisan-penulisan wara)
* copywriting: the activity or occupation of writing the text of advertisements or publicity material

### Further reading

* “penulisan wara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# penuduh
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From peng- +‎ tuduh.

### Noun

penuduh (plural penuduh-penuduh)
* accuser
    Synonym: penggugat
# penyangga
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From peng- +‎ sangga.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [peˈɲaŋɡa]

### Noun

penyangga (plural penyangga-penyangga)
* buffer:
** (chemistry) a solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid
    Synonyms: bufer, dapar, penimbalan (Standard Malay)
** (computing) a portion of memory set aside to store data, often before it is sent to an external device or as it is received from an external device
    Synonym: dapar
** (politics) a buffer zone (such as a demilitarized zone) or a buffer state
    Synonym: penengah
* cantilever
    Synonym: kantilever
* suspension
* synonym of sandaran

#### Derived terms

* penyangga bingkai
* penyangga masukan
* penyangga masukan/keluaran

### Further reading

* “penyangga” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# penyebaran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

sebar +‎ peng- -an.

### Noun

penyebaran (plural penyebaran-penyebaran)
* spreading: the act by which something is spread
    Synonyms: penyebaran, pelamparan, perebakan, penghamparan (Standard Malay)
* (religion) propagation: winning new converts
    Synonym: pendakwahan (Standard Malay)
* diffusion: the spread of cultural or linguistic practices, or social institutions, in one or more communities; the gradual spread and adoption of goods or services

### Further reading

* “penyebaran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Noun

penyebaran (Jawi spelling ڤڽيبارن, plural penyebaran-penyebaran, informal 1st possessive penyebaranku, 2nd possessive penyebaranmu, 3rd possessive penyebarannya)
* spread
* spreading: the act by which something is spread.
    Synonyms: penyebaran, pelamparan, perebakan, penghamparan
    Synonym: penyebaran (Indonesian)
* dissemination
    Synonym: diseminasi (Indonesian)
* (optics) dispersion: the separation of visible light by refraction or diffraction.
    Synonyms: dispersi, tebaran (Indonesian)
* dispersal
* diffusion: the spread of cultural or linguistic practices, or social institutions, in one or more communities; the gradual spread and adoption of goods or services.
    Synonym: penyebaran (Indonesian)
* propagation: dissemination of something to a larger area or greater number.

### Further reading

* “penyebaran” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.