OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Papiere
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈpiːʁə/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Pa‧pie‧re

### Noun

Papiere
* nominative/accusative/genitive plural of Papier
* (colloquial) official documents; driver's license

## Hunsrik
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /p(ʰ)aˈpiːrə/

### Noun

Papiere n
* plural of Papier
# media instruksional edukatif
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of media +‎ instruksional +‎ edukatif.

### Noun

media instruksional edukatif (plural media-media instruksional edukatif)
* (education) media used by teachers to support the learning process and improve student abilities

### Further reading

* “media instruksional edukatif” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# media sosial
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of media +‎ sosial, calque of English social media.

### Noun

media sosial (plural media-media sosial)
* social media

#### Alternative forms

* medsos
* sosial media
* sosmed

### Further reading

* “media sosial” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* (acronym) medsos

### Etymology

Compound of media +‎ sosial, calque of English social media.

### Pronunciation

* (English-based) IPA: [mi.di.a so.ʃəl], [mi.di.a so.si.əl]
* (Baku) IPA: [me.di.a so.si.al]

### Noun

media sosial (Jawi spelling ميديا سوسيال)
* Social media.
# mekanika
## Esperanto
### Alternative forms

* meĥanika

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mekaˈnika]
* Rhymes: -ika
* Hyphenation: me‧ka‧ni‧ka

### Adjective

mekanika (accusative singular mekanikan, plural mekanikaj, accusative plural mekanikajn)
* mechanical

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch mechanica, from Latin mēchanica.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɛkaˈnika]
* Rhymes: -ka, -a
* Hyphenation: mè‧ka‧ni‧ka

### Noun

mèkanika (uncountable)
* mechanics:
** (mechanics) the branch of physics that deals with the action of forces on material objects with mass
** the design and construction of machines

#### Alternative forms

* mékanik (branch of physics, Johor-Riau)

#### Derived terms

* mekanika klasik
* mekanika kuantum
* mekanika statistik

#### Related terms

* meka
* mekanik
* mekanis
* mekanisme

### Further reading

* “mekanika” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# memapan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

meng- +‎ papan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /məˈma.pan/, [məˈma.pan]

### Adjective

memapan
* tabular: having a flat, plane surface
# membela
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From mem- +‎ bela.

### Verb

membela
* to defend
# membocorkan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixation of bocor +‎ meng- -kan.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /məmboˈt͡ʃorkan/ [məm.boˈt͡ʃor.kan]
* Rhymes: -orkan
* Syllabification: mem‧bo‧cor‧kan

### Verb

membocorkan (active membocorkan, reflexive passive terbocorkan, ordinary passive dibocorkan, imperative bocorkan, emphatic-jussive bocorkanlah)
* to leak:
** (ambitransitive) to allow fluid or gas to pass through an opening that should be sealed
** (ambitransitive) to disclose secret information surreptitiously or anonymously

### Further reading

* “membocorkan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# membocori
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixation of bocor +‎ meng- -i.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /məmboˈt͡ʃori/ [məm.boˈt͡ʃo.ri]
* Rhymes: -ori
* Syllabification: mem‧bo‧co‧ri

### Verb

membocori (active membocori, reflexive passive terbocori, ordinary passive dibocori, imperative bocori, emphatic-jussive bocorilah)
* to leak:
** (intransitive) (of a fluid or gas) to pass through an opening that should be sealed
** (intransitive) to pass through when it would normally or preferably be blocked

### Further reading

* “membocori” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# membulat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

meng- +‎ bulat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /məmˈbu.lat/, [məmˈbu.lat̪̚]

### Adjective

membulat
* colloform
# membunuh
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /məmˈbunuh/ [məmˈbu.nʊh]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -unuh
* Syllabification: mem‧bu‧nuh

### Etymology 1

From Malay membunuh. Equivalent to meng- +‎ bunuh.

#### Verb

membunuh (passive dibunuh)
* to kill
** (transitive, literally) to extinguish the life; to make someone die
** (figuratively, hyperbolic) to overpower, overwhelm, or defeat
    Perusahaan asing itu membunuh banyak usaha setempat di sini.The foreign company killed many local businesses here.

### Etymology 2

Unknown

#### Verb

membunuh (passive dibunuh)
* (transitive) to erase (writing), to extinguish (fire), to close (leakage)

### Further reading

* “membunuh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

mem- +‎ bunuh.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /məmbunoh/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /məmbunʊh/
* Rhymes: -unoh, -noh, -oh

### Verb

membunuh (Jawi spelling ممبونوه)
* to kill (put to death)
# membutir
## Indonesian
### Etymology

meng- +‎ butir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /məmˈbu.tir/, [məmˈbu.t̪ɪr]

### Adjective

membutir
* granular
# memeriksa
## Indonesian
### Etymology

meng- +‎ periksa

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [məməˈrɪk̚sa]

### Verb

memeriksa (passive diperiksa)
* to examine, to check
    Synonym: mengecek
* to investigate, to inquire, to hear
    Synonyms: menyelidiki, menelaah, menanyai, mengusut
* to audit
    Synonym: mengaudit
* to observe
    Synonym: mengamati
* to control, to supervise
    Synonyms: mengontrol, mengawasi

### Further reading

* “memeriksa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# memetieskan
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* mempetieskan (nonstandard, proscribed)

### Etymology

From peti es +‎ meng- -kan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mə.mə.ti.ɛs.kan/
* Hyphenation: mê‧mê‧ti‧ès‧kan

### Verb

memetieskan
* (transitive) to suspend, to put on ice
* (transitive) to sweep under the rug, to brush aside, to gloss over (to treat something with less care than it deserves)
    Synonyms: menutup-nutupi, mendiamkan, menelantarkan

#### Related terms

* peti es
* pemetiesan

### Further reading

* “memetieskan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mencuci
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed meng- +‎ cuci.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mənˈt͡ʃut͡ʃi]
* Hyphenation: mêncuci

### Verb

mêncuci (base/imperative/colloquial cuci, active mencuci, ordinary passive dicuci, adversative passive tercuci)
* to wash
    Synonyms: membasuh, mengumbah

### Further reading

* “mencuci” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mendekonstruksi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixation of dekonstruksi +‎ meng-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mən.de.konˈstruk.si/, [mən.dɛ.kɔnˈst̪rʊk.si]
* Rhymes: -uksi
* Hyphenation: mên‧de‧kon‧struk‧si

### Verb

mendekonstruksi (active mendekonstruksi, passive didekonstruksi)
* (transitive) to deconstruct:
** to break something down into its component parts
** to analyse in terms of deconstruction (a philosophical theory of textual criticism)

### Further reading

* “mendekonstruksi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# menengah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed tengah (“center”) +‎ meng-, inherited from Malay menengah.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mə.nə.ˈŋah/
* Rhymes: -ŋah
* Hyphenation: mê‧nê‧ngah

### Verb

menengah
* (literal, rare) to center (American spelling), to centre (British spelling): to cause (an object) to occupy the center of an area

### Adjective

menengah
* middle: located in the middle; in between
    Synonym: sedang
    Synonym: sederhana (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “menengah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mengabsen
## Indonesian
### Etymology

meng- +‎ absen

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /məŋ.ap.sen/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

mengabsen
* to call out people's name to find out or determine who is not present; to roll call
* (obsolete) to find out or determine who is not present without call out people's name

#### Conjugation

$^1$ The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

### Further reading

* “mengabsen” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Indonesian mengabsen, by surface analysis, meng- +‎ absen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mə.ŋap.sɛn]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Hyphenation: meng‧ab‧sen

### Verb

mengabsen (Jawi spelling مڠبسين)
* (Indonesia) To call out people's name to find out or determine who is not present.

### Further reading

* “mengabsen” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# mengabstrakkan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Circumfixed abstrak +‎ meng- -kan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [məŋapˈstrakkan]
* Hyphenation: mêng‧ab‧strak‧kan

### Verb

mêngabstrakkan
* to abstract:
** to consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself; to consider theoretically; to look at as a general quality
** to perform the process of abstraction
** to summarize; to abridge; to epitomize

### Further reading

* “mengabstrakkan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Affixation of abstrak +‎ meng- -kan.

### Pronunciation

* (English-based) IPA: [mə.ŋɛp.strɛk.kan]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* (spelling-based) IPA: [mə.ŋap.strak.kan]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Hyphenation: meng‧ab‧strak‧kan

### Verb

mengabstrakkan (Jawi spelling مڠبسترککن, imperative/1st and 2nd person passive abstrakkan, 3rd person passive diabstrakkan)
* (transitive) to abstract

### Further reading

* “mengabstrakkan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# mengabuburit
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* ngabuburit (nonstandard)

### Etymology

Affixed meng- +‎ ngabuburit, from Sundanese ngabuburit

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mə.ŋa.buˈbu.rit/, [mə.ŋa.buˈbu.rɪt̪̚]
* Hyphenation: mê‧nga‧bu‧bu‧rit

### Verb

mêngabuburit
* to pass the time while waiting for the evening call to prayer (adhan) to break the fast during the month of Ramadan
** 2025 March 8, Dhodi Syailendra, quoting Boyke Urif Hermawan, “Ngabuburit Seru Akhir Pekan di Wisata Kano Alun-alun Kota Tangerang”, in Tangerang Raya:"Masyarakat Kota Tangerang dapat menghabiskan waktu mengabuburit menunggu waktu berbuka di wisata kano. Cukup datang, antre dan ikuti arahan petugas di shelter. Wisata kano ini gratis tanpa dipungut biaya,"..."Tangerang City residents can spend their time waiting for the time to break their fast at the canoe tour. Just come, queue and follow the instructions of the officers at the shelter. This canoe tour is free of charge,"...

### Further reading

* “mengabuburit” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mengedep
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed meng- +‎ dep.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [məŋəˈdɛp]
* Hyphenation: mê‧ngê‧dèp

### Verb

mêngêdèp (base/imperative dep, active mengedep, passive didep)
* (colloquial) to hold; to cause to wait or delay
    Synonym: menahan
* (surgery) to press, to compress, or to apply pressure at bleeding site, specifically with gauze

### Further reading

* “mengedep” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mengirim
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed meng- +‎ kirim.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /məˈŋirim/ [məˈŋi.rɪm]
* Rhymes: -irim
* Syllabification: me‧ngi‧rim

### Verb

mêngirim (base-imperative kirim, active mengirim, passive dikirim, accidental passive terkirim)
* to send:
** (transitive) to make something (such as an object or message) go from one place to another
** (intransitive) to dispatch an agent or messenger to convey a message, or to do an errand
    Synonym: menugasi
* (dialect, transitive) to consign: to transfer to the custody of, usually for sale, transport, or safekeeping
    Synonym: menitipkan

### Further reading

* “mengirim” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mengonsumsi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

meng- +‎ konsumsi

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [məŋɔnˈsʊmsi]

### Verb

mengonsumsi (passive dikonsumsi)
* (active voice, transitive) to consume

#### Alternative forms

* mengkonsumsi

### Further reading

* “mengonsumsi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mengoperasikan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed operasi +‎ meng- -kan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [məŋopəraˈsikan]
* Hyphenation: mêng‧opê‧ra‧si‧kan

### Verb

mêngopêrasikan (active mengoperasikan, passive dioperasikan)
* to operate:
** to perform a work or labour; to exert power or strength, physical or mechanical; to act
    Synonym: mengaryakan
** (rare) to perform some manual act upon a human body in a methodical manner, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health, as in amputation, lithotomy, etc.
    Synonyms: membedahkan, membedelkan, mengoperasi

### Further reading

* “mengoperasikan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# menjari
## Indonesian
### Etymology

meng- +‎ jari.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mənˈd͡ʒa.ri/, [mənˈd͡ʒa.ri]

### Adjective

menjari
* radiated
# automation

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## English
### Etymology

From automatic +‎ -ion or automaton +‎ -ion; coined by a Ford Executive Vice President, Delmar S. Harder, in the 1940s.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌɔː.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, [ˌɔ.ɾəˈmeɪ.ʃən]
** (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˌɑː.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, [ˌɑː.ɾəˈmeɪ.ʃən]
*** Audio (US):(file)
* (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ˌoː.təˈmæɪ.ʃən/
* Rhymes: -eɪʃən

### Noun

automation (countable and uncountable, plural automations)
* The act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls.
    Synonym: automatization
** 2012 October 24, David Leonhardt, “Standard of Living Is in the Shadows as Election Issue”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:The presidential campaign has been more focused on Bain Capital and an “apology tour” than on the challenges created by globalization and automation.
** 2025 February 14, Charles Hugh Smith, Automation Institutionalizes Mediocrity‎:When deployed by monopolies / cartels, automation institutionalizes mediocrity, and soon everyone forgets excellence and quality because they no longer have any experience of either one.

#### Derived terms

* agrimation
* automate (back-formation)
* automation bias
* automation complacency
* cybernation
* fauxtomation
* home automation
* hyperautomation
* island of automation
* manumation
* nonautomation
* office automation
* semiautomation
* sortation

#### Related terms

* automat
* automatic
* automatize
* automaton
* autonomation

#### Descendants

* → French: automation
* → Italian: automazione (calque)
* → Swedish: automation

#### Translations
### References

* “automation”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “automation”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English automation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /o.tɔ.ma.sjɔ̃/, /ɔ.tɔ.ma.sjɔ̃/
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

automation f (plural automations)
* automation
    Synonym: automatisation

### Further reading

* “automation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English automation

### Noun

automation c
* automation

#### Synonyms

* automatisering
* robotisering
# Kuzaj
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈku.zaj/
* Rhymes: -uzaj
* Syllabification: Ku‧zaj

### Proper noun

Kuzaj m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Kuzaj f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Kuzaj”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# kartu informasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of kartu (“card”) +‎ informasi (“information”).

### Noun

kartu informasi (plural kartu-kartu informasi)
* (library science) information card: a record of information about a guest, a piece of equipment, or a data point
    Synonym: kartu sejarah
# pemudi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From peng- +‎ mudi.

### Noun

pemudi (plural pemudi-pemudi)
* young woman, girl
    Coordinate term: pemuda
# kemudahan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed mudah +‎ ke- -an, inherited from Malay kemudahan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kə.muˈda.han/, [kə.muˈda.han]
* Hyphenation: kê‧mu‧da‧han

### Noun

kêmudahan (plural kemudahan-kemudahan)
* ease
* convenience

### Further reading

* “kemudahan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Affixed mudah +‎ ke- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəmuˈdahan/ [kə.muˈda.han]

### Noun

kemudahan (Jawi spelling کمودهن, plural kemudahan-kemudahan, informal 1st possessive kemudahanku, 2nd possessive kemudahanmu, 3rd possessive kemudahannya)
* ease
* amenity
* utility
* facility
    Synonym: fasilitas (Indonesian)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: kemudahan

### Further reading

* “kemudahan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# kendali adaptif
## Indonesian
### Noun

kendali adaptif (uncountable)
* adaptive control
    Synonym: kawalan suai (Standard Malay)
# kepala negara
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of kepala +‎ negara, calque of Dutch staatshoofd (“head of state”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəˈpala nəˈɡara/

### Noun

kepala negara (plural kepala-kepala negara)
* head of state

#### Synonyms

* ketua negara (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “kepala negara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kepala sari
## Indonesian
### Etymology

kepala +‎ sari.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /kəˌpala ˈsari/ [kəˌpa.la ˈsa.ri]
* Rhymes: -ari
* Syllabification: ke‧pa‧la sa‧ri

### Noun

kepala sari (plural kepala-kepala sari)
* (botany) anther (the pollen-bearing part of the stamen of a flower)

### Further reading

* “kepala sari” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kepintaran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From pintar +‎ ke- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kə.pɪnˈta.ran/
* Rhymes: -ran
* Hyphenation: kê‧pin‧ta‧ran

### Noun

kêpintaran
* smartness
    Synonym: kepandaian
** (uncountable) the state or quality of being smart, intelligence
** (uncountable) the state or quality of being smart in appearance
** (countable) the result or product of being smart
# keping biru
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of keping (“chip”) +‎ biru (“blue”), calque of English blue chip.

### Noun

keping biru (plural keping-keping biru)
* (economics) blue chip: A stock or other investment that has a high price because of its perceived reliability

### Further reading

* “keping biru” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kerah
## Indonesian
### Etymology 1

From Malay kerah, from Classical Malay کره (kĕrah), from Arabic إِكْرَاه (ʔikrāh, “coercion, compulsion”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kəˈrah]
* Hyphenation: kê‧rah

#### Noun

kêrah (plural kerah-kerah)
* corvee
    Synonym: rodi

##### Derived terms

* kerah-kerahan
* kerahan
* mengerahkan
* pengerah
* pengerahan

### Etymology 2

From Malay kerah, from Dutch kraag, from Middle Dutch crage.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kəˈrah]
* Hyphenation: kê‧rah

#### Noun

kêrah (plural kerah-kerah)
* collar, fabric garment part fitting around throat
    Synonyms: leher baju, nia
    Synonym: kolar (Standard Malay)

##### Derived terms

* berkerah
* kerah putih

### Further reading

* “kerah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology 1

From Arabic إِكْرَاه (ʔikrāh, “coercion, compulsion”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kəˈrah]
* Hyphenation: ke‧rah

#### Noun

kerah (Jawi spelling کره, plural kerah-kerah, informal 1st possessive kerahku, 2nd possessive kerahmu, 3rd possessive kerahnya)
* corvee

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: kêrah

#### Verb

kerah (Jawi spelling کره)
* to draft, to conscript: to demand military service as mandated by a government

##### Derived terms

* kerahan
* mengerahkan
* pengerah
* pengerahan

### Etymology 2

From Dutch kraag, from Middle Dutch crage.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kəˈrah]

#### Noun

kerah (plural kerah-kerah, informal 1st possessive kerahku, 2nd possessive kerahmu, 3rd possessive kerahnya)
* (Indonesia) collar, fabric garment part fitting around throat.
    Synonyms: kolar, leher baju, nia

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: kêrah

### References

* ↑ Kwik Khing Djoen (1923) Kitab Vortaro: Segala Perkatahan-Perkatahan Asing Jang Soeda Oemoem Di Goena Ken Di Dalem Soerat-Soerat Kabar Melayoe, Batavia: Sin Po, page 178

### Further reading

* “kerah” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.