# kaba
## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈba/ [kaˈba]
* Hyphenation: ka‧ba

### Noun

kabá (Basahan spelling ᜃᜊ)
* fright
    Synonym: takot

#### Derived terms

* kabahan
* makabahan
* pakaba

## Gonja
### Noun

kaba (plural mba)
* clay bowl

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Minangkabau kaba, from Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar, “news”). Doublet of kabar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaba/
* Hyphenation: ka‧ba
* Rhymes: -ba, -a

### Noun

kaba (plural kaba-kaba)
* story
** (literature) Minangkabau traditional literature in the form of rhythmic prose, simple sentences with 3-5 words so that it can be said rhythmically or sung, the theme of the story is various, such as heroism, adventure, consolation, and love stories

### Further reading

* “kaba” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

kaba
* Rōmaji transcription of かば
* Rōmaji transcription of カバ

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese acabar.

### Verb

kaba
* end, finish

### References

* Gonçalves, Manuel (2015) Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary, →ISBN

## Khasi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kabaː/

### Pronoun

kaba
* who, which, that

### Particle

kaba
* (used before verbs and adjectives to form abstract nouns) that which is, -ing
    haduh kaba kut ― until the ending

### References

* Singh, U Nissor (1906) Khasi-English dictionary‎, Shillong: Eastern Bengal and Assam Secretariat Press. Searchable online at SEAlang.net.

## Lingala
### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Bantu *gàb (“to divide, distribute, present as gift”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka˩.ba˩/

### Verb

-kaba (infinitive kokaba)
* to give
    Synonyms: pésa, pɛ́sɛ, píya
* divide, separate
* distribute

#### Derived terms

* kabela
* kabelana
* kabola
* kabolela
* kabwana
* likabo
* mokabi
* mokaboli
* nkabo

### References

* Ashem Tem Kawata (2004) Dictionnaire lingala-falansé et français-lingala (in French), Éditions Karthala, →ISBN , page 87

## Malay
### Etymology

From Minangkabau kaba, from Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar, “news”). Doublet of khabar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaba/
* Rhymes: -ba, -a
* Hyphenation: ka‧ba

### Noun

kaba (Jawi spelling کاب, plural kaba-kaba, informal 1st possessive kabaku, 2nd possessive kabamu, 3rd possessive kabanya)
* (archaic) A story.
* (literature) Minangkabau traditional literature in the form of rhythmic prose, simple sentences with 3-5 words so that it can be said rhythmically or sung, the theme of the story is various, such as heroism, adventure, consolation, and love stories.

#### Derived terms

* tukang kaba

### Further reading

* “kaba” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Tupi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈka.β̞a]
* Rhymes: -aβa
* Hyphenation: ka‧ba

### Etymology 1

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaβ, from Proto-Tupian *ŋgap.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní kavy and Paraguayan Guaraní káva.

#### Noun

kaba (unpossessable)
* wasp (any insect of the family Vespidae)

##### Derived terms

* kabaoîuba
* kabapûã
* kabatã
* kabatĩ
* kabesapysoe'yma
* kabobaîuba

##### Related terms

* kabesé

##### Descendants

* Nheengatu: kawa
* → Brazilian Portuguese: caba

### Etymology 2

Derived from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaβ, from Proto-Tupian *kʲap.

#### Noun

kaba (possessable)
* fat (specialized animal tissue with high lipid content)
    Synonym: kyrá
** 1613, Pero de Castilho, “Câba. Gordura”, in Nomes das partes do corpo humano pella lingua do Brasil; republished as Plínio Ayrosa, editor, São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 1937, page 31, line 73:xecâba, decâba, ycâba.[xe kaba, nde kaba, i kaba.]My fat, your fat, their fat.
* cream (oily part of milk)
** 1622, anonymous author, “Nata do leit”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 48; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:Ycaba […][I kaba […] ]Their cream.

##### Derived terms

* kab
* kagûera
* mba'ekagûera
* tapi'ikaba
* îabutikaba

##### Descendants

* Nheengatu: kawa

### References

* 1 2 Andrey Nikulin (2020) Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo‎ (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB
* ↑ anonymous author (1622) “Bespas”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 55: “Caba. [Kaba.]”
* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “kaba”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 210, column 2
* Nelson Papavero, Dante Martins Teixeira (2014) Zoonímia tupi nos escritos quinhentistas europeus [Tupi zoonymy in the 16th-century European writings] (Arquivos NEHiLP; 3) (in Portuguese), São Paulo: FFLCH-USP, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 296

## Sranan Tongo
### Alternative forms

* kba

### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese acabar.

### Verb

kaba
* to end, to finish, to come to an end
** 2005, Nyun-Grontapuvertaling fu den Kresten Griki Buku fu Bijbel [New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures]‎, Brooklyn, NY: Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, Acts of the Apostles, chapter 26, verse 24:Di Paulus kaba taki gi ensrefi, Festus taki nanga wan tranga sten: „Yu e kon law, Paulus! Den kefalek sani di yu leri e law yu!”When Paul was done speaking up for himself, Festus said with a loud voice: “You lost your mind, Paul! The great things you learnt are driving you insane!”

### Particle

kaba
* Perfective marker.

### Noun

kaba
* end
** 1975, Edgar Cairo, “Wan pisi fu libi”, in Ursy M. Lichtveld, Jan Voorhoeve, editors, Creole drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Surinam‎, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 254:Wan takru sortu kosokoso di no abi kaba a ben gwenti e kisi.He used to get a nasty cough that had no end.

### Descendants

* Aukan: kaba, kaa
* Saramaccan: kabá

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-kaba (infinitive kukaba)
* to strangle, choke, throttle

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -kaba :
| Positive present | -nakaba |
| Subjunctive | -kabe |
| Negative | -kabi |
| Imperative singular | kaba |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kukaba |
| Negative | kutokaba |
Imperatives :
| Singular | kaba |
| Plural | kabeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hukaba |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -likaba |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kukaba |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -takaba |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -takaba |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sikabe |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngekaba |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singekaba |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalikaba |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalikaba |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mekaba |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshakaba |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jakaba |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kikaba |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipokaba |
| Consecutive | kakaba / positive subject concord + -kakaba |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kakabe |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* kiba — dialectal, Quezon

### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *kəbá (“for the chest to tighten in excitement or fear; for the heart to pound”). Compare Ilocano kebba, Kankanaey keba, Bikol Central kaba, Cebuano kuba, and Hiligaynon kuba.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /kaˈba/ [kɐˈba]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: ka‧ba

### Noun

kabá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊ)
* palpitation due to excitement or fear; nervousness
    Synonym: tibok
* premonition; foreboding
    Synonyms: kutob, agam

#### Derived terms

* kabado
* kabahan
* kumaba
* pagkaba

#### See also

* balisa
* pangamba
* takot

### Further reading

* “kaba”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “kaba”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kebá”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Anagrams

* Baka, baka, akba

## Tboli
### Noun

kaba
* large cockroach

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish قبا (kaba), from a derivation of Proto-Turkic *kāp- (“to swell; thick, swollen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɑbɑ]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

kaba
* rude; coarse, unrefined; vulgar
* swollen, large

#### Derived terms

* (?) gebe
* kabalık

#### Related terms

* kabarmak

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kāp-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

### Further reading

* “kaba”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu