# bruto
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian brutto, bruto, from Latin brūtus. Doublet of bruut.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbry.toː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bru‧to
* Rhymes: -ytoː

### Adjective

bruto (not comparable)
* gross (excluding deductions)
    Antonym: netto

#### Derived terms

* brutoloon
* brutowinst

### Adverb

bruto
* gross (excluding deductions)
    Antonym: netto

### Descendants

* → Indonesian: bruto

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbruto/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bru‧to

### Noun

bruto (accusative singular bruton, plural brutoj, accusative plural brutojn)
* head of livestock
* brute

#### Derived terms

* brutaro

## Galician
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese bruto, a learned borrowing from Latin brūtus.

### Adjective

bruto (feminine bruta, masculine plural brutos, feminine plural brutas)
* brutish, ignorant
* uncouth

### Noun

bruto m (plural brutos)
* brute
    Synonym: besta

## Ido
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbru.to/
* Hyphenation: bru‧to

### Noun

bruto (plural bruti)
* head of livestock
* brute, crude person

#### Derived terms

* brutala
* brutaleso

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch bruto, from Italian brutto, bruto, from Latin brūtus, from Oscan, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us. Compare with Indonesian brutal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbruto]
* Hyphenation: bru‧to

### Adjective

bruto
* gross, excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts
    Synonym: kotor, kasar (Standard Malay)
    Antonyms: bersih, neto

### Further reading

* “bruto” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin brūtus. Doublet of brutto.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbru.to/
* Rhymes: -uto
* Hyphenation: brù‧to

### Adjective

bruto (feminine bruta, masculine plural bruti, feminine plural brute)
* brute

#### Derived terms

* forza bruta (“brute force”)

### Noun

bruto m (plural bruti)
* brute

### Anagrams

* turbo, turbo-, turbò

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈbruː.toː/, [ˈbruːt̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈbru.to/, [ˈbruːt̪o]

### Adjective

brūtō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of brūtus

### Noun

brūtō n
* dative/ablative singular of brūtum

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese bruto, a learned borrowing from Latin brūtus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɾu.tu/
* Rhymes: -utu
* Hyphenation: bru‧to

### Adjective

bruto (feminine bruta, masculine plural brutos, feminine plural brutas, comparable)
* raw, in the rough (in a natural state; unrefined)
    diamante bruto ― diamond in the rough
    As praias estão cheias de óleo bruto. ― The beaches are full of crude oil.
* brutish; ignorant (unintelligent, irrational)
    Synonym: ignorante
    Ela tem uma obsessão bruta com o emprego: só faz trabalhar! ― She has this stupid obsession with her job: all she does is work!
* crude, blunt (impolite)
    Synonyms: mal-educado, grosso, grosseiro
    Ontem quiseram me vender qualquer coisa, mas desistiram quando eu disse um não bruto. ― Yesterday someone wanted to sell me something, but they gave up when I said a blunt no.
* harsh, strict (severe in discipline; cruel)
    Synonym: rígido
    Cresci com um pai bruto. ― I grew up with a strict dad.
* gross (excluding deductions)
    Synonym: ilíquido
    Antonym: líquido
    Isso é o salário bruto de um médico. ― That's a doctor's gross salary.
* brawny, brute (physically strong, but lacking intelligence)
    força bruta ― brute force
* wild, feral (of an animal, untamed)
* (colloquial) cool, badass
    Synonyms: brabo, foda

### Noun

bruto m (plural brutos, feminine bruta, feminine plural brutas)
* (derogatory) idiot (someone unintelligent, irrational)
    Seu namorado é mesmo um bruto. Que nem uma porta. ― Your boyfriend really is an idiot. Ignorant.
* someone who is crude or blunt
* (derogatory) savage (not living in civilization; barbarian)
    Synonyms: mal-educado, grosso
* someone who is harsh or strict
* a gross value (value excluding deductions)
* a wild or feral animal
** 1938, Graciliano Ramos, “Fabiano”, in Vidas Seccas [Barren Lives], Rio de Janeiro: Livraria José Olympio Editora, page 25:A’s vezes utilizava nas relações com as pessoas a mesma lingua com que se dirigia aos brutos — exclamações, onomatopéas.Sometimes he used in his interactions with people the same tongue with which he spoke to wild animals — exclamations, onomatopoeias.

### Further reading

* “bruto”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “bruto”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “bruto”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
* “bruto”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German brutto, from Italian bruto (“brute”), from Latin brūtus (“dull, stupid, insensible”).

### Adverb

bruto
* gross

## Slovene
### Etymology

From the German brutto.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brúːtɔ/

### Adverb

brȗto
* gross

### Further reading

* “bruto”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “bruto”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Spanish
### Etymology

From the Latin brūtus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɾuto/ [ˈbɾu.t̪o]
* Rhymes: -uto
* Syllabification: bru‧to

### Adjective

bruto (feminine bruta, masculine plural brutos, feminine plural brutas)
* ignorant, stupid
* uncouth, clumsy

#### Derived terms

* a lo bruto
* en bruto
* fuerza bruta
* peso bruto
* producto bruto interno
* producto interior bruto
* producto interno bruto
* producto nacional bruto

### Noun

bruto m (plural brutos, feminine bruta, feminine plural brutas)
* brute
* ignorant, stupid person
* uncouth person

### Further reading

* “bruto”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10