# atlas
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈætləs/, (sometimes) /ˈætlɪs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) enPR: ătʹləs, IPA: /ˈætləs/
* Rhymes: -ætləs
* Homophone: Atlas

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin Atlas, from the name of the Ancient Greek mythological figure Ἄτλας (Átlas, “Bearer (of the Heavens)”), from τλῆναι (tlênai, “to suffer”, “to endure”, “to bear”). The sense referring to books of maps comes from the Atlas of Mercator, which he named thus in honor of Atlas, who was supposed to be skillful in astronomy and the doctrine of the sphere. The sense referring to the vertebra reflects that the spine carries the globe of the cranium (the neck carries the head).

#### Noun

atlas (plural atlases or atlantes)
* A bound collection of maps often including tables, illustrations or other text.
    Coordinate term: gazetteer
* A bound collection of tables, illustrations, etc. on any given subject.
    Coordinate term: gazetteer
* (chiefly in anatomy, especially of the human body) A detailed visual conspectus of something of great and multi-faceted complexity, with its elements splayed so as to be presented in as discrete a manner as possible whilst retaining a realistic view of the whole.
** 1904: Eugène Collin, An Anatomical Atlas of Vegetable Powders Designed as an Aid to the Microscopic Analysis of Powdered Foods and Drugs, main title (J. & A. Churchill)
    An Anatomical Atlas of Vegetable Powders Designed as an Aid to the Microscopic Analysis of Powdered Foods and Drugs
** 1991, Alan C. F. Colchester, David J. Hawkes, editors, Information Processing in Medical Imaging, Springer, →ISBN, page 154:In addition to classical radiology systems like angiography, CT scanner or MRI have greatly contributed to the improvement of the patient anatomy investigation. Each examination modality still carries its own information and the need to make a synthesis between them is obvious but still makes different problems hard to solve. There is no unique imaging facility which can bring out the whole set of known anatomical structures, brought together in a neuro-anatomical atlas.
** 1997: Chris Horrocks, Introducing Foucault, page 55 (Totem Books, Icon Books; →ISBN
    Our perception of the body as the natural “space of the origin and distribution of disease”, a space determined by the 'anatomical atlas', is merely one of the various ways in which medicine has formed its “knowledge”.
** 2003, Isabelle E. Magnin, Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart, Springer, →ISBN, page 19:Finally, Subsol et al. [6] reported on a method for automatically constructing 3D morphometric anatomical atlantes which is based on the extraction of line and point features and their subsequent non-rigid registration.
* (differential geometry, topology) A family of coordinate charts that cover a manifold.
* (anatomy) The uppermost vertebra of the cervical spine in the neck in humans and some other animals.
    Synonyms: atlanto-, atlo-
** 1734, William Stukeley, Of the Gout, part II, page 58:There are of these glands upon the first vertebra of the neck of the atlas; on which the head turns […]
** 2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 174:Ribs and spines show through the thin layer of meat left on the carcase, and, where the head meets the body, the crucial first vertebra – the atlas – is exposed.
* One who supports a heavy burden; mainstay.
* (architecture) A figure of a man used as a column.
    Synonym: telamon
    Coordinate term: caryatid
* (paper) A sheet of paper measuring 26 inches by 34 inches.

##### Derived terms

* atlasing
* proatlas

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Arabic أَطْلَس (ʔaṭlas).

#### Noun

atlas (countable and uncountable, plural atlases or atlasses)
* (historical) A rich satin fabric.
** 1887, Sir William Hedges, Sir Henry Yule, The Diary of William Hedges, Esq.:I saw ye Taffaties and Atlasses in ye warehouse, and gave directions concerning their severall colours and stripes, ordering Mr. Charnock to use his best endeavours to encrease their quantity; […]
** 2016, Pius Malekandathil, The Indian Ocean in the Making of Early Modern India, page 53:Surat was an important port on the west coast of India from where atlases were exported on a large scale […]

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* AASLT, Aalst, Salta, salat, talas

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: at‧las

### Etymology 1

From English atlas, from the name of the Ancient Greek mythological figure Ἄτλας (Átlas, “Bearer (of the Heavens)”), from τλῆναι (tlênai, “to suffer”, “to endure”, “to bear”).

#### Noun

atlas
* atlas (a bound collection of maps often including tables, illustrations or other text)

### Etymology 2

From English Atlas moth.

#### Noun

atlas
* the Atlas moth (Attacus atlas)

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈatlas]

### Noun

atlas m inan
* atlas (bound collection of maps)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “atlas”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “atlas”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “atlas”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
* “atlas” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz

## Dutch
### Etymology

Apparently coined in Latin in this sense by Gerardus Mercator from the name of the mythological giant Atlas. Borrowed from Latin Atlas, from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑt.lɑs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: at‧las

### Noun

atlas m (plural atlassen)
* atlas (bound or digital collection of maps)
    Synonym: kaartenboek
* (anatomy) atlas (top vertebra)

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: atlas
* → Papiamentu: atlas

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Latin Atlas, from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑtlɑs/, [ˈɑ̝t̪l̪ɑ̝s̠]
* Rhymes: -ɑtlɑs
* Hyphenation: at‧las

### Noun

atlas
* atlas (collection of maps)
* (anatomy) atlas (vertebra)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of atlas (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
atlakseni
atlakseni
accusative
nom.
atlakseni
atlakseni
gen.
atlakseni
genitive
atlakseni
atlasteni atlaksieni
partitive
atlastani
atlaksiani
inessive
atlaksessani
atlaksissani
elative
atlaksestani
atlaksistani
illative
atlakseeni
atlaksiini
adessive
atlaksellani
atlaksillani
ablative
atlakseltani
atlaksiltani
allative
atlakselleni
atlaksilleni
essive
atlaksenani
atlaksinani
translative
atlaksekseni
atlaksikseni
abessive
atlaksettani
atlaksittani
instructive
comitative
—atlaksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
atlaksesi
atlaksesi
accusative
nom.
atlaksesi
atlaksesi
gen.
atlaksesi
genitive
atlaksesi
atlastesi atlaksiesi
partitive
atlastasi
atlaksiasi
inessive
atlaksessasi
atlaksissasi
elative
atlaksestasi
atlaksistasi
illative
atlakseesi
atlaksiisi
adessive
atlaksellasi
atlaksillasi
ablative
atlakseltasi
atlaksiltasi
allative
atlaksellesi
atlaksillesi
essive
atlaksenasi
atlaksinasi
translative
atlakseksesi
atlaksiksesi
abessive
atlaksettasi
atlaksittasi
instructive
comitative
—atlaksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
atlaksemme
atlaksemme
accusative
nom.
atlaksemme
atlaksemme
gen.
atlaksemme
genitive
atlaksemme
atlastemme atlaksiemme
partitive
atlastamme
atlaksiamme
inessive
atlaksessamme
atlaksissamme
elative
atlaksestamme
atlaksistamme
illative
atlakseemme
atlaksiimme
adessive
atlaksellamme
atlaksillamme
ablative
atlakseltamme
atlaksiltamme
allative
atlaksellemme
atlaksillemme
essive
atlaksenamme
atlaksinamme
translative
atlakseksemme
atlaksiksemme
abessive
atlaksettamme
atlaksittamme
instructive
comitative
—atlaksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
atlaksenne
atlaksenne
accusative
nom.
atlaksenne
atlaksenne
gen.
atlaksenne
genitive
atlaksenne
atlastenne atlaksienne
partitive
atlastanne
atlaksianne
inessive
atlaksessanne
atlaksissanne
elative
atlaksestanne
atlaksistanne
illative
atlakseenne
atlaksiinne
adessive
atlaksellanne
atlaksillanne
ablative
atlakseltanne
atlaksiltanne
allative
atlaksellenne
atlaksillenne
essive
atlaksenanne
atlaksinanne
translative
atlakseksenne
atlaksiksenne
abessive
atlaksettanne
atlaksittanne
instructive
comitative
—atlaksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
atlaksensa
atlaksensa
accusative
nom.
atlaksensa
atlaksensa
gen.
atlaksensa
genitive
atlaksensa
atlastensa atlaksiensa
partitive
atlastaan atlastansa
atlaksiaan atlaksiansa
inessive
atlaksessaan atlaksessansa
atlaksissaan atlaksissansa
elative
atlaksestaan atlaksestansa
atlaksistaan atlaksistansa
illative
atlakseensa
atlaksiinsa
adessive
atlaksellaan atlaksellansa
atlaksillaan atlaksillansa
ablative
atlakseltaan atlakseltansa
atlaksiltaan atlaksiltansa
allative
atlakselleen atlaksellensa
atlaksilleen atlaksillensa
essive
atlaksenaan atlaksenansa
atlaksinaan atlaksinansa
translative
atlaksekseen atlakseksensa
atlaksikseen atlaksiksensa
abessive
atlaksettaan atlaksettansa
atlaksittaan atlaksittansa
instructive
comitative
—atlaksineen atlaksinensa :

#### Synonyms

* (collection of maps): kartasto
* (vertebra): kannattajanikama, atlasnikama

#### Derived terms

* atlaskerttu
* atlasleijona
* atlasnikama

### Further reading

* “atlas”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* lasta, salat, talas

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin atlas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.tlas/ ~ /a.tlɑs/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Switzerland):(file)

### Noun

atlas m (plural atlas)
* atlas (collection of maps)
* (anatomy) atlas

#### Descendants

* → Romanian: atlas
* → Turkish: atlas

### Further reading

* “atlas”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [at̚las]
* Hyphenation: at‧las

### Etymology 1

From Dutch atlas, from Latin Atlas, from the name of the Ancient Greek mythological figure Ἄτλας (Átlas, “Bearer (of the Heavens)”), from τλῆναι (tlênai, “to suffer”, “to endure”, “to bear”).

#### Noun

atlas (uncountable)
* atlas:
** a bound collection of maps often including tables, illustrations or other text
** (anatomy) the uppermost vertebra of the neck

##### Hyponyms

* atlas dialek
* atlas klimatologi

### Etymology 2

From Arabic أَطْلَس (ʔaṭlas).

#### Noun

atlas (uncountable)
* a rich satin fabric
    Synonyms: antelas, satin

### References

* ↑ Erwina Burhanuddin, Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan, R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “atlas” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas).

### Noun

atlas m (genitive singular atlais, nominative plural atlais)
* atlas (bound collection of maps; uppermost vertebra of the neck)

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
atlas
atlais
vocative
a atlais
a atlasa
genitive
atlais
atlas
dative
atlas
atlais
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an t-atlas
na hatlais
genitive
an atlais
na n-atlas
dative
leis an atlas don atlas
leis na hatlais :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “atlas”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* “atlas”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas), a Titan in Greek mythology; first used in this sense by the cartographer Mercator.

### Noun

atlas n (definite singular atlaset, indefinite plural atlas or atlaser, definite plural atlasa or atlasene)
* an atlas (book of maps)

#### Derived terms

* veiatlas

### References

* “atlas” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas).

### Noun

atlas n (definite singular atlaset, indefinite plural atlas, definite plural atlasa)
* an atlas (book of maps)

### References

* “atlas” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas). Doublet of atlant.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.tlas/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -atlas
* Syllabification: a‧tlas
* Homophone: Atlas

### Noun

atlas m inan (diminutive atlasik)
* atlas (bound collection of maps)
* atlas (bound collection of maps)
* (architecture) atlas (figure of a man used as a column)
    Synonyms: atlant, telamon
* (anatomy) atlas (the uppermost vertebra of the neck)
    Synonym: dźwigacz

#### Derived terms

* atlasowy

### Further reading

* atlas in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* atlas in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas, “Atlas”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.tlɐs/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.tlɐs/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈa.tlɐʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.tlas/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈa.tlɐʃ/
* Homophone: Atlas
* Hyphenation: a‧tlas

### Noun

atlas m (invariable)
* atlas (collection of maps)
    Synonym: mapoteca
* atlas (topmost vertebra)

#### Hypernyms

* (topmost vertebra): vértebra, osso

#### Meronyms

* (collection of maps): mapa, carta

#### Holonyms

* (topmost vertebra): coluna, espinha, espinhaço, esqueleto

#### Coordinate terms

* (topmost vertebra): áxis

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French atlas.

### Noun

atlas n (plural atlase)
* atlas

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

àtlas m (Cyrillic spelling а̀тлас)
* atlas

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

From Atlas, a titan in Greek mythology.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈatlas/ [ˈa.t̪las]
* Rhymes: -atlas
* Syllabification: a‧tlas

### Noun

atlas m (plural atlas)
* (cartography) atlas (a bound collection of maps often including tables, illustrations or other text)
* (anatomy) atlas (the uppermost vertebra of the neck)

#### See also

* Atlas (cartografía) on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{es}$
* Atlas (hueso) on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{es}$

### Further reading

* “atlas”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10