# koma
## Chichewa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈko.ma/

### Conjunction

koma
* but

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koːma/, [ˈkʰoːma]

### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

#### Noun

koma c
* coma (deep sleep)

### Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

#### Noun

koma c (singular definite komaen, not used in plural form)
* (astronomy) coma (a cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet)

### References

* “koma” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “koma,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Estonian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

koma (genitive koma, partitive koma)
* (typography) comma
* (mathematics) decimal point

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

### Further reading

* “koma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

## Faroese
### Etymology 1

See below.

#### Noun

koma f (genitive singular komu, plural komur)
* arrival

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Old Norse koma, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-.

#### Verb

koma (third person singular past indicative kom, third person plural past indicative komu, supine komið)
* to come
* to arrive
    Nú eru vit komin til Havnar.Now we have arrived in Tórshavn.
* (intransitive, slang) to orgasm; to cum
    Eg komi nú!I'm about to cum!

##### Conjugation

$^1$Only the past participle being declined.

## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (compare English coma). From Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈko(ː)mɑ/, [ˈko̞(ː)mɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -omɑ
* Hyphenation: ko‧ma

### Noun

koma
* (astronomy) coma (cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet)
    Synonym: huntu

#### Declension

Possessive forms of koma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
komani
komani
accusative
nom.
komani
komani
gen.
komani
genitive
komani
komieni komaini $^{rare}$
partitive
komaani
komiani
inessive
komassani
komissani
elative
komastani
komistani
illative
komaani
komiini
adessive
komallani
komillani
ablative
komaltani
komiltani
allative
komalleni
komilleni
essive
komanani
kominani
translative
komakseni
komikseni
abessive
komattani
komittani
instructive
comitative
—komineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
komasi
komasi
accusative
nom.
komasi
komasi
gen.
komasi
genitive
komasi
komiesi komaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
komaasi
komiasi
inessive
komassasi
komissasi
elative
komastasi
komistasi
illative
komaasi
komiisi
adessive
komallasi
komillasi
ablative
komaltasi
komiltasi
allative
komallesi
komillesi
essive
komanasi
kominasi
translative
komaksesi
komiksesi
abessive
komattasi
komittasi
instructive
comitative
—kominesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
komamme
komamme
accusative
nom.
komamme
komamme
gen.
komamme
genitive
komamme
komiemme komaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
komaamme
komiamme
inessive
komassamme
komissamme
elative
komastamme
komistamme
illative
komaamme
komiimme
adessive
komallamme
komillamme
ablative
komaltamme
komiltamme
allative
komallemme
komillemme
essive
komanamme
kominamme
translative
komaksemme
komiksemme
abessive
komattamme
komittamme
instructive
comitative
—kominemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
komanne
komanne
accusative
nom.
komanne
komanne
gen.
komanne
genitive
komanne
komienne komainne $^{rare}$
partitive
komaanne
komianne
inessive
komassanne
komissanne
elative
komastanne
komistanne
illative
komaanne
komiinne
adessive
komallanne
komillanne
ablative
komaltanne
komiltanne
allative
komallenne
komillenne
essive
komananne
kominanne
translative
komaksenne
komiksenne
abessive
komattanne
komittanne
instructive
comitative
—kominenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
komansa
komansa
accusative
nom.
komansa
komansa
gen.
komansa
genitive
komansa
komiensa komainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
komaansa
komiaan komiansa
inessive
komassaan komassansa
komissaan komissansa
elative
komastaan komastansa
komistaan komistansa
illative
komaansa
komiinsa
adessive
komallaan komallansa
komillaan komillansa
ablative
komaltaan komaltansa
komiltaan komiltansa
allative
komalleen komallensa
komilleen komillensa
essive
komanaan komanansa
kominaan kominansa
translative
komakseen komaksensa
komikseen komiksensa
abessive
komattaan komattansa
komittaan komittansa
instructive
comitative
—komineen kominensa :

#### Related terms

* komeetta

### Anagrams

* amok, mako, moka

## Hausa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kóː.máː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [kʷóː.máː]

### Noun

kōmā m (plural kōmā̀yē, possessed form kōman)
* fishing net

#### See also

* taru

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From a Slavic language, compare Polish kum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkomɒ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ko‧ma
* Rhymes: -mɒ

### Noun

koma (plural komák)
* (folksy) chum
    Synonyms: barát, pajtás, cimbora
* (dated, dialectal) godfather
    Synonyms: keresztapa, keresztkoma

#### Derived terms

* komaság
* komatál
* komál → komálás

### Further reading

* koma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʰɔːma/
* Rhymes: -ɔːma

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse koma, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-.

#### Verb

koma (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative kom, third-person plural past indicative komu, supine komið)
* to come
** 1928, Krummavísa (“Raven Song”, on the Icelandic Wikisource) by Jón Ásgeirsson
    Krummi krunkar úti, kallar á nafna sinn: „Ég fann höfud af hrúti hrygg og gæruskinn.“ Komdu nú og kroppaðu með mér, krummi nafni minn.“Krummi croaks outside, calling his namesake: ‘I found the head of a ram, backbone and sheepskin.’ Come now and peck with me, Krummi, my namesake.”
* to arrive

##### Declension

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

##### Derived terms

* koma sér undan
* koma til dyranna eins og maður er klæddur
* koma sér af stað
* koma við
* komast
* koma flatt upp á

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse kváma; from the root of the verb koma.

#### Noun

koma f (genitive singular komu, nominative plural komur)
* arrival

##### Derived terms

* komutími

### Anagrams

* moka

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkoma]
* Rhymes: -ma, -a
* Hyphenation: ko‧ma

### Etymology 1

From Dutch komma, from French comma, from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

#### Noun

koma (plural koma-koma)
* (typography) comma: The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set off parts of a sentence or between elements of a list

##### Alternative forms

* comma (1901–1947)

### Etymology 2

From Dutch coma, from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

#### Noun

koma (plural koma-koma)
* (medicine, neurology) coma, a state of unconsciousness from which one may not wake up, usually induced by some form of trauma

### Etymology 3

From Dutch coma, from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

#### Noun

koma (plural koma-koma)
* (astronomy) coma, a cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet

### Further reading

* “koma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ком (kom).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈkomɑ/, [ˈko̞mɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈkomɑ/, [ˈko̞mɑ]
* Rhymes: -omɑ
* Hyphenation: ko‧ma

### Noun

koma
* hunk (large piece)

#### Derived terms

* kommia
* maakoma
* retukoma

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 190

## Japanese
### Romanization

koma
* Rōmaji transcription of こま
* Rōmaji transcription of コマ

## Kikuyu
### Etymology

Hinde (1904) records kukoma as an equivalent of English sleep in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also Kamba kukoma as its equivalent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔma/

### Verb

koma (infinitive gũkoma)
* to sleep, to lie down

#### Derived terms

* gũkomeka
* ng'aragu ya mũndũ ũngĩ ndĩgiria mũndũ ũngĩ akome

### References

* ↑ Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 54–55. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 362. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
* “koma” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

## Lingala
### Verb

-koma (infinitive kokoma)
* to write

#### See also

* -kóma

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

### Noun

koma m (definite singular komaen)
* a coma

### References

* “koma” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkuːmɑ/

#### Noun

koma m (definite singular komaen)
* a coma

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse koma, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-. Akin to English come.

#### Alternative forms

* kome, komma, komme
* kåmmå (dialectal)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²koːmɑ/, /²kɔmːɑ/

#### Verb

koma (present tense kjem, past tense kom, past participle kome, passive infinitive komast, present participle komande, imperative kom)
* come (to move from further away to nearer to)
* come (to arrive)
    Når kjem du?When do you come?

### See also

* kom igjen
* koma til
* koma på
* koma i hug

### Conjugation

$^1$ Rare today. $^2$ Unofficial today.

### References

* “koma” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* kuma

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kwemaną (“to come”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”). Cognate with Old English cuman, Old Frisian koma, Old Saxon kuman, queman, Old High German kuman, kweman, Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (qiman).

### Verb

koma (singular past indicative kom, plural past indicative kómu, past participle kominn)
* to come, arrive

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: koma
* Faroese: koma
* Norn: cumma
* Norwegian Nynorsk: koma, komma; (dialectal) kobma, købma, kåmå, kømø
* Jamtish: kuma
* Elfdalian: kumå
* Old Swedish: koma, kuma
** Swedish: komma
* Old Danish: komæ, kumæ, kommæ, kummæ, kumbæ
** Scanian: komma
** Danish: komme
*** Norwegian Bokmål: komme
**** → Norwegian Nynorsk: komme
* Gutnish: kumme, kumbe

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “koma”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Old Swedish
### Alternative forms

* kuma

### Etymology

From Old Norse koma, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną.

### Verb

koma
* to come
* to arrive

#### Descendants

* Swedish: komma

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin coma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɔ.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔma
* Syllabification: ko‧ma

### Noun

koma f
* (literary, medicine) coma (deep sleep)
    Synonym: śpiączka
    Hypernym: letarg
* (astronomy) coma (cloud surrounding a comet nucleu)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* koma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* koma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kôma/
* Hyphenation: ko‧ma

### Noun

kȍma f (Cyrillic spelling ко̏ма)
* coma

#### Declension
## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

-koma (infinitive kukoma)
* to stop, cease, come to an end

##### Conjugation

Conjugation of -koma :
| Positive present | -nakoma |
| Subjunctive | -kome |
| Negative | -komi |
| Imperative singular | koma |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kukoma |
| Negative | kutokoma |
Imperatives :
| Singular | koma |
| Plural | komeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hukoma |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -likoma |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kukoma |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -takoma |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -takoma |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sikome |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngekoma |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singekoma |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalikoma |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalikoma |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mekoma |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshakoma |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jakoma |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kikoma |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipokoma |
| Consecutive | kakoma / positive subject concord + -kakoma |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kakome |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

##### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -komea
** Causative: -komesha
** Stative: -komeka
* Nominal derivations:
** kikomo (“end, limit”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English comma.

#### Noun

koma class IX (plural koma class X)
* comma

##### Synonyms

* alama ya mkato

#### See also

Punctuation
* ritifaa, apostrofi ( ' ) ( ’ )
* mabano ya mraba ( { } )
* mabano ya maua ( [ ] )
* nukta mbili, nukta pacha, koloni ( : )
* alama ya mkato, koma ( , )
* kistariungio ( ‒ ) ( – ) ( — ) ( ― )
* alama ya mshangao ( ! )
* alama ya mkwaju ( ⁄ )
* kistariungio ( - ) ( ‐ )
* mabano, parandesi, braketi ( ( ) )
* nukta ( . )
* alama ya swali ( ? )
* alama ya kunukuu ( ‘ ’ ‚ ) ( “ ” „ )
* nukta mkato ( ; )
* alama ya mkwaju ( / )

## Swedish
### Noun

koma c
* coma (prolonged, unnatural unconscious state)
* coma (of a comet)

#### Related terms

* komatös
* paltkoma

#### See also

* dvala

### References

* koma in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* koma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* koma in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈko.ma/
* Hyphenation: ko‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French coma.

#### Noun

koma (definite accusative komayı, plural komalar)
* coma

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

koma
* (dialectal) koyma

## Vilamovian
### Etymology

From Middle High German komat, itself borrowed from Polish chomąto (“horsecollar”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

koma m
* horse collar