# kakak
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.kaʔ/
* Hyphenation: ka‧kak

### Etymology 1

From Malay kakak (“older sister”), from Classical Malay kakak, from Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.
* For sense of older brother, semantic loan from Hokkien 哥哥 (ko-ko, “older brother”) and semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).
* For sense of form of address to husband in marital relationship, semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).

#### Noun

kakak (plural)
* (literally or figuratively, formal) older sibling
* (literally or figuratively, chiefly Sumatra and Kalimantan) older sister
* (literally or figuratively, chiefly Jakarta and Java) older brother
* (chiefly Jakarta) a general form of address, typically to an older person (but applicable to same age groups)
* (colloquial) a form of address to any stranger

##### Usage notes

* People in areas with Malay populations and speaking vernacular Malay dialects only use kakak to address older sisters, otherwise outside those places like Jakarta, it is gender neutral.
* In formal situations (e.g. to address a customer), kakak may be used to address someone to give an impression of a 'youthful nuance' (i.e., by denoting someone as such).

##### Alternative forms

* KK

##### Synonyms

* (older sister): see Thesaurus:kakak
* (older brother): see Thesaurus:abang

##### Derived terms

* kakak ipar

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay kakak. Onomatopoeic, compare to Tagalog kakak.

#### Root

kakak
* quack, cluck
* laugh
    Synonyms: kakah, kahkah

##### Derived terms

* berkakak
* berkakakan
* mengakak
* terkakak-kakak

### Further reading

* “kakak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

kakak
* Romanization of ꦏꦏꦏ꧀.

## Malay
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka. Sense of older male sibling lost in Singapore and Malay Peninsular.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kakaʔ/
* Rhymes: -akaʔ, -kaʔ, -aʔ
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)

### Noun

kakak (Jawi spelling کاکق, plural kakak-kakak, informal 1st possessive kakakku, 2nd possessive kakakmu, 3rd possessive kakaknya)
* sister (older woman or girl having the same parents)
* (rare) sibling (older person who shares same parents)
* (rare) brother (older male sibling)
    Synonyms: abang, uda
* term of address for a female acquaintance who is a bit older
    engko (“engku”)

### Derived terms

* Malay: kakanda, kak, Kak

### Related terms

* akak
* akang
* kak
* kakanda
* kakang
* kanda
* kang
* kangmas
* kekanda

### Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic, compare to Tagalog kakak.

### Noun

kakak (Jawi spelling کاکق, plural kakak-kakak, informal 1st possessive kakakku, 2nd possessive kakakmu, 3rd possessive kakaknya)
* cackle (of duck and geese)
* laugh
    Synonyms: dekah, kakah, kahkah

### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* berkakak [stative / habitual] (beR-)
* berkakakan [stative / habitual + repetition / reciprocity] (beR- + -an)
* mengakak [agent focus] (meN-)
* terkakak [agentless action] (teR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* terkakak-kakak
* kakaktua

### References

* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “کاکق kakak”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 75
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “کاکق kakak”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 497
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “kakak”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 499

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* cacac — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

### Etymology

Onomatopoeic. Compare Indonesian kakak.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈkakak/ [ˈkaː.xɐk̚]
* Rhymes: -akak
* Syllabification: ka‧kak

### Noun

kakak (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜃᜃ᜔)
* cackle or cackling of a hen, duck, etc.
    Synonym: putak

#### Derived terms

* ipangakak
* kumakak
* mangakak

#### See also

* kuwak
* putak

### Further reading

* “kakak”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018