# 鬨

| 鬨 | U+9B28, &#39720; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B28 |
| ← 鬧 [U+9B27] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鬩 → [U+9B29] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鬨 (Kangxi radical 191, 鬥+6, 16 strokes, cangjie input 中弓廿金 (LNTC), four-corner 7780$_1$, composition ⿵鬥共)

#### Related characters

* 閧 (Variant traditional form)
* 哄 (Simplified form of 鬨)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1457, character 36
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45641
* Dae Jaweon: page 1989, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4515, character 8
* Unihan data for U+9B28

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 鬨
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 港 | *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs |
| 巷 | *ɡroːŋs |
| 衖 | *ɡroːŋs |
| 鬨 | *ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs |
| 烘 | *qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs |
| 洪 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 鉷 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 谼 | *ɡloːŋ |
| 葓 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 哄 | *ɡloːŋs |
| 蕻 | *ɡloːŋs |
| 恭 | *kloŋ |
| 供 | *kloŋ, *kloŋs |
| 龔 | *kloŋ |
| 珙 | *kloŋ, *kloŋʔ |
| 共 | *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs |
| 髸 | *kloŋ |
| 拱 | *kloŋʔ |
| 拲 | *kloŋʔ, *kloɡ |
| 蛬 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
| 栱 | *kloŋʔ |
| 輁 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
| 舼 | *ɡloŋ |
| 輂 | *kloɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs): semantic 鬥 (“battle; fight”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hòng (hong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^6$ / hung$^3$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hong$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hòng
*** Wade–Giles: hung$^4$
*** Yale: hùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: honq
*** Palladius: хун (xun)
*** Sinological IPA : /xʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^6$ / hung$^3$
*** Yale: huhng / hung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^6$ / hung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^6$ / hung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ²²/, /hʊŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hong$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hòng
*** Sinological IPA : /hoŋ²¹³/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤoŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡroːŋs/, /*ɡloːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鬨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ huwng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁoŋ-s/ |
| English | quarrel, fight |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鬨 | 鬨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4153 | 4164 |
| Phonetic component | 共 | 共 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 巷 | 哄 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡroːŋs/ | /*ɡloːŋs/ |
| Notes | 鬥原誤門校改 | |

### Definitions

鬨
* to fight; to combat
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Zōu yǔ Lǔ hòng. [Pinyin]
    Zou had a clash with Lu.
* to cause a commotion or disturbance
    From: c. 13th century, various editors, A Collection of Conversations of Master Zhu (《朱子語類》)
    Xiùcái hào lìxū lùnshì, cháotíng cái zuò yīshì, hònghòngde hòng guò le, shì yòu zhǐ xiū. [Pinyin]
    The "fine scholars" are fond of senseless debates. As soon as the court decides to do something, they make such rackets that the matter has to be dropped.

#### Compounds

* 一鬨 / 一哄
* 一鬨而散 / 一哄而散
* 交鬨 / 交哄
* 內鬨 / 内哄 (nèihòng)
* 喧鬨
* 打鬨 / 打哄
* 花鬨 / 花哄
* 起鬨 / 起哄 (qǐhòng)
* 開鬨 / 开哄
* 鬥鬨 / 斗哄
* 鬧鬨 / 闹哄
* 鬨動 / 哄动
* 鬨堂 / 哄堂 (hòngtáng)
* 鬨堂大笑 / 哄堂大笑
* 鬨夥 / 哄伙
* 鬨然 / 哄然
* 鬨然大笑 / 哄然大笑

### References

* “鬨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Alternative forms

* 鯨波

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* battle cry

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: とき (toki, 鬨)
* Nanori: とき (toki)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鬨
* とき Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とき [tòkíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [to̞kʲi]

### Noun

鬨(とき) • (toki)
* battle cry

#### Derived terms

* 勝(か)ち鬨(どき) (kachidoki, “victory shout”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鬨 • (hong, hang) (hangeul 홍, 항, revised hong, hang, McCune–Reischauer hong, hang, Yale hong, hang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鬨: Hán Việt readings: hống, hổng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.