OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 權門
## Chinese
### Etymology

Attested earliest in Dongguan Hanji):
* 外附之臣，依託權門，諂諛以求容媚，宜誅之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]外附之臣，依托权门，谄谀以求容媚，宜诛之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]From: Dongguan Han Ji, 1st century CE– 2nd century CEWàifù zhī chén, yītuō quánmén, chǎnyú yǐ qiú róngmèi, yí zhū zhī. [Pinyin](please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): quánmén
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kyun$^4$ mun$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: quánmén
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyuánmén
*** Wade–Giles: chʻüan$^2$-mên$^2$
*** Yale: chywán-mén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyuanmen
*** Palladius: цюаньмэнь (cjuanʹmɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kyun$^4$ mun$^4$
*** Yale: kyùhn mùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kyn$^4$ mun$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kün$^4$ mun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰyːn²¹ muːn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: gjwen mwon
Rime :
| Character | 權 | 門 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (80) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 巨員切 | 莫奔切 |
| Baxter | gjwen | mwon |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiuᴇn/ | /muən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡʷᵚiɛn/ | /muon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiuæn/ | /muən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gwian/ | /mwən/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjuɛn/ | /muən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭwɛn/ | /muən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯wɛn/ | /muən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | quán | mén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kyun$^4$ | mun$^4$ |

### Noun

權門
* powerful family

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: cửa quyền
# fotosel
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English photocell.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /foˈtosɛl/
* Hyphenation: fo‧to‧sèl

### Noun

fotosèl (plural fotosel-fotosel)
* photocell, photoelectric cell

### Further reading

* “fotosel” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# ウラㇻ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* ウーラル (Kuril)

### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *Huurar HLL (“fog”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /u.ɾaɾ/, [ʔu.ɾaɾ]

### Noun

ウラㇻ • (urar)
* (Hokkaido, Ishikari, Kuril, South Kuril) fog, mist

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * p.238 和愛辞典 草稿版 Sísamitak-Aynuitak-Eonnekunnep Ciietokenuyep (Waai Jiten, “Japanese Ainu Language Dictionary”)‎ (in Japanese), Hokkaidō: 太田 満 (Oota Mitsuru, “Oota Mitsuru”), 2022
   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# tumbal
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Javanese tumbal (ꦠꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦭ꧀, “sacrifice”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtʊmbal]
* Hyphenation: túm‧bal

### Noun

túmbal (uncountable)
* (dialect, Java) sacrifice, corban, victim
    Synonyms: korban, kurban

#### Derived terms

* menumbalkan

### Further reading

* “tumbal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pelumas
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed peng- +‎ lumas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəˈlumas/
* Hyphenation: pê‧lu‧mas

### Noun

pêlumas (plural pelumas-pelumas)
* lubricant
    Synonym: pelicin

#### Derived terms

* berpelumas

### Further reading

* “pelumas” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pemadam
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed peng- +‎ padam.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəˈmadam]
* Hyphenation: pe‧ma‧dam

### Noun

pêmadam (plural pemadam-pemadam)
* ellipsis of pemadam api (“fire extinguisher”).
* ellipsis of pemadam kebakaran (“firefighter”).

#### Derived terms

* pemadam api
* pemadam kebakaran

### Further reading

* “pemadam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Combination of peng- +‎ padam (“to erase”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəmadam/
* Rhymes: -adam, -dam, -am

### Noun

pemadam (Jawi spelling ڤمادم, plural pemadam-pemadam, informal 1st possessive pemadamku, 2nd possessive pemadammu, 3rd possessive pemadamnya)
* eraser, rubber (tool used to erase writing)

#### Derived terms

* pemadam api

### Further reading

* “pemadam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# pembelajaran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed belajar +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəmbəlˈad͡ʒaran]
* Hyphenation: pêm‧bêl‧a‧jar‧an

### Noun

pêmbêlajaran (plural pembelajaran-pembelajaran)
* (education) study, learning

#### Derived terms

* pembelajaran gerak
* pembelajaran teramat

### Further reading

* “pembelajaran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pemberat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay pemberat. Equivalent to peng- +‎ berat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəmbəˈrat̪̚]
* Hyphenation: pêm‧bê‧rat

### Noun

pemberat (plural pemberat-pemberat)
* weight: an object used to make something heavier

### Further reading

* “pemberat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From pem- +‎ berat.

### Noun

pemberat (Jawi spelling ڤمبرت, plural pemberat-pemberat, informal 1st possessive pemberatku, 2nd possessive pemberatmu, 3rd possessive pemberatnya)
* weight (object to make something heavier)
* (statistics) weight

### Further reading

* “pemberat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# pemelajaran jarak jauh
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pemelajaran (“learning”) +‎ jarak jauh (“long-distance”).

### Noun

pemelajaran jarak jauh (plural pemelajaran-pemelajaran jarak jauh)
* (education) distance learning: a method of studying in which lectures are broadcast or classes are conducted by correspondence or over the internet, without the student's needing to attend a school or college
    Synonym: belajar jarak jauh

### Further reading

* “pemelajaran jarak jauh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pemerkosaan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed perkosa +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.mər.ko.ˈsa.ʔan/
* Rhymes: -an, -n
* Hyphenation: pê‧mêr‧ko‧sa‧an

### Noun

pemerkosaan (plural pemerkosaan-pemerkosaan)
* rape (the act of forcing sex upon another person without their consent or against their will)
    Synonyms: perkosaan, perogolan, rudapaksa

### Further reading

* “pemerkosaan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pemerintah pusat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pemerintah (“government”) +‎ pusat (“central”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəməˈrɪntah ˈpusat̚]

### Noun

pemerintah pusat (plural pemerintah-pemerintah pusat)
* (politics, government) central government: the highest level of government in a unitary state
    Synonym: pemerintah agung
    Antonym: pemerintah daerah

### Further reading

* “pemerintah pusat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# penampakan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

tampak +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pənamˈpak̚an]
* Hyphenation: pe‧nam‧pak‧an

### Noun

pênampakan (plural penampakan-penampakan)
* appearance:
** the act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye
** the way something looks; personal presence

### Further reading

* “penampakan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# penatua
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed tua +‎ peng-.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pənaˈtua/ [pə.naˈt̪u.a]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: pe‧na‧tu‧a

### Noun

penatua (plural penatua-penatua)
* (Protestantism) presbyter: an elder, priest, pastor, or minister in various Christian churches
    Synonym: presbiter

### Further reading

* “penatua” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pendadaran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affix dadar +‎ peng- -an, calque of Javanese ꦤ꧀ꦢꦢꦂ (ndadar), ꦢꦢꦂ (dadar, “to examine, to test”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəndaˈdaran]
* Hyphenation: pên‧da‧dar‧an

### Noun

pêndadaran (plural pendadaran-pendadaran)
* (dialect) training
* (dialect) training place
* (Yogyakarta, Central Java, education) thesis defense
* (rare, education) defense for kuliah kerja nyata

### Further reading

* “pendadaran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# leodsciepes
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈle͜oːdˌʃi͜y.pes/

### Noun

lēodsċiepes
* genitive singular of lēodsċiepe
# penegakan hukum
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of penegakan (“enforcement”) +‎ hukum (“law”).

### Noun

penegakan hukum (plural penegakan-penegakan hukum)
* (law) law enforcement

#### Synonyms

* penguatkuasaan undang-undang (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “penegakan hukum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# leodsciepa
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈle͜oːdˌʃi͜y.pɑ/

### Noun

lēodsċiepa
* genitive plural of lēodsċiepe
# leodsciepum
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈle͜oːdˌʃi͜y.pum/

### Noun

lēodsċiepum
* dative plural of lēodsċiepe
# pendekatan sejarah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pendekatan (“approach”) +‎ sejarah (“history”).

### Noun

pendekatan sejarah (plural pendekatan-pendekatan sejarah)
* historical approach:
** (political science) a way to understand the present and future political phenomena could be understood better with the help of historical factors

### Further reading

* “pendekatan sejarah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# leodscipes
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈle͜oːdˌʃi.pes/

### Noun

lēodsċipes
* genitive singular of lēodsċipe
# leodscipum
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈle͜oːdˌʃi.pum/

### Noun

lēodsċipum
* dative plural of lēodsċipe
# pengaratan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed karat +‎ peng- -an, inherited from Malay pengaratan (“rusting”).

### Noun

pengaratan (plural pengaratan-pengaratan)
* (chemistry) rusting

## Malay
### Noun

pengaratan (informal 1st possessive pengaratanku, 2nd possessive pengaratanmu, 3rd possessive pengaratannya)
* (chemistry) rusting

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: pengaratan

### Further reading

* “pengaratan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# pengeruk
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed peng- +‎ keruk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəŋəˈrʊk̚]
* Hyphenation: pê‧ngê‧ruk

### Noun

pêngêruk (plural pengeruk-pengeruk)
* scraper: an instrument with which anything is scraped

### Further reading

* “pengeruk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# penghormatan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

hormat +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəŋhɔrˈmat̚an]
* Hyphenation: peng‧hor‧mat‧an

### Noun

pênghormatan (plural penghormatan-penghormatan)
* reverence: an act of showing respect, such as a bow

### Further reading

* “penghormatan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pengitaban hukum
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From pengitaban +‎ hukum.

### Noun

pengitaban hukum
* (law) codification
    Synonym: kodifikasi
# pengujian inkremental
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pengujian +‎ inkremental, calque of English incremental testing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəŋˈʊd͡ʒian ɪnkrəˈmɛntal]

### Noun

pengujian inkremental (plural pengujian-pengujian inkremental)
* (computing) incremental testing

### Further reading

* “pengujian inkremental” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# penyuara jemala
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of penyuara +‎ jemala (“head; skull”).

### Noun

penyuara jemala (plural penyuara-penyuara jemala)
* (neologism) headphone: a cushioned speaker placed on, over, or inside the ear, normally used in left/right pairs
    Synonym: fon kepala

### Further reading

* “penyuara jemala” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# peralatan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

alat +‎ per- -an

### Noun

peralatan (plural peralatan-peralatan)
* equipment
    Synonyms: perlengkapan, perangkatan, perangkat

### Noun

peralatan (plural peralatan-peralatan)
* celebration, feast
# peralihan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixation of alih +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.raˈli.han/
* Hyphenation: pê‧ra‧li‧han

### Noun

peralihan (plural peralihan-peralihan)
* transition (the process of change from one form, state, style or place to another)
    Synonyms: pergantian, perlintasan
* exchange
** an act of exhanging
    Synonym: pertukaran
** (biochemistry) the transfer of substances or elements like gas, amino-acids, ions etc. sometimes through a surface like a membrane

### Further reading

* “peralihan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# peranakan
## Central Melanau
### Etymology

From Malay peranakan.

### Noun

peranakan
* (anatomy) Womb, uterus

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Malay peranakan.

### Noun

peranakan m (plural peranakans, diminutive peranakantje n)
* a person of Chinese ethnicity who is born in the country (notably Indonesia, the former Dutch East Indies), not immigrated

### References

* M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch]

## Indonesian
### Etymology

anak +‎ per- -an, from Malay peranakan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəraˈnak̚an]
* Hyphenation: pêranakan

### Noun

pêranakan (plural peranakan-peranakan)
* (direct, uncommon) womb, uterus
    Synonyms: kandungan, rahim, uterus
* (literal) descendant; offspring
    Synonym: keturunan
* a mixed-race person, especially one of native Indonesian (typically Austronesian, but also Melanesian) and foreign ancestry
** (by extension or historical) a Peranakan person (descendants of the 15th- through 17th-century Chinese immigrants to the Malay Peninsula and Indonesian Archipelago)

### Further reading

* “peranakan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

anak +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pərana(ʔ)kan/

### Noun

peranakan (Jawi spelling ڤرانقن, plural peranakan-peranakan, informal 1st possessive peranakanku, 2nd possessive peranakanmu, 3rd possessive peranakannya)
* (anatomy) Womb, uterus
* A person of mixed descendant.
* A person of mixed descendant of a place.

#### Synonyms

* kandung
* kandungan
* rahim
* uterus

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: peranakan
* → Central Melanau: peranakan
* → Dutch: peranakan
* → Sundanese: paranakan

### Further reading

* “peranakan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# perhitungan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

hitung +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərhiˈtʊŋan]
* Hyphenation: per‧hi‧tung‧an

### Noun

pêrhitungan (plural perhitungan-perhitungan)
* calculation:
** the act or process of calculating
** the result of calculating
    Synonym: kalkulasi
* (accounting) income summary
* consideration, judgment
    Synonyms: penyelesaian, pertimbangan, perkiraan

#### Derived terms

* perhitungan dugaan
* perhitungan laba rugi

### Further reading

* “perhitungan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perkakas
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦥꦼꦂꦏꦏꦱ꧀ (perkakas). Equivalent to per- +‎ kakas.

### Noun

perkakas (plural perkakas-perkakas)
* tool, instrument
    Synonyms: alat, peranti, radas

## Javanese
### Romanization

perkakas
* Romanization of ꦥꦼꦂꦏꦏꦱ꧀
# perkintakaan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

kintaka +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərkɪntaˈkaan]

### Noun

perkintakaan (plural perkintakaan-perkintakaan)
* (neologism) archive
    Synonyms: arsip, pertinggal

### Further reading

* “perkintakaan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# פריט
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /pʁit/

### Noun

פְּרִיט • (prít) m (plural indefinite פְּרִיטִים, singular construct פְּרִיט־)
* item, object

### References

* “פריט” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# წეგეჼ
## Bats
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *c̣egeᶰ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sʼeɡẽ/

### Adjective

წეგეჼ (c̣egẽ)
* red

### References

* Kadagiʒe, Davit, Kadagiʒe, Niḳo (1984) “წეგეჼ”, in Arn. Čikobava, editor, C̣ova-tušur-kartul-rusuli leksiḳoni / Цова-тушинско–грузинско–русский словарь [A Tsova-Tush–Georgian–Russian Dictionary]‎, prepared for publication by Rusudan Gagua, Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 759
* Ḳaḳašvili, Diana (2022) “წეგეჼ”, in C̣ovatušur-kartuli leksiḳoni [Bats-Georgian dictionary] (Ḳavḳasiur-kartuli leksiḳonebi; II), Tbilisi, page 212
# perkosaan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed of kosa +‎ per- -an or perkosa +‎ -an. The word does not change to *perkosaan because of its etymology.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pər.kɔˈsa.ʔan/
* Hyphenation: pêr‧ko‧sa‧an

### Noun

perkosaan (plural perkosaan-perkosaan)
* (uncommon) Synonym of pemerkosaan

### Further reading

* “perkosaan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perpajakan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed pajak +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pər.pa.ˈd͡ʒak.an/
* Rhymes: -an, -n
* Hyphenation: pêr‧pa‧jak‧an

### Noun

pêrpajakan (plural perpajakan-perpajakan)
* taxation
    Synonym: percukaian (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “perpajakan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# persemakmuran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed makmur +‎ se- +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərsəmaʔˈmʊ.ran]
* Hyphenation: per‧se‧mak‧mur‧an

### Noun

persemakmuran (plural persemakmuran-persemakmuran)
* (international relations) Commonwealth: the Commonwealth of Nations, a loose confederation of nations based around the former British Empire

#### Synonyms

* komanwél (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* negara persemakmuran

### Further reading

* “persemakmuran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# persepuluhan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed sepuluh +‎ per- -an.
* Calque of English decimal for sense of decimal.
* Calque of Hebrew מַעֲשֵׂר (ma'aser, “tithe”) for sense of tithe.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərsəpuˈluhan]

### Noun

persepuluhan (plural persepuluhan-persepuluhan)
* decimal: a number expressed in the base-ten system
    Synonym: desimal
* (Christianity) tithe: a contribution to one's religious community or congregation of worship
    Synonym: perpuluhan

### Further reading

* “persepuluhan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# personalisasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed personal +‎ -isasi, from Dutch personalisatie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərsonalˈɪsasi]
* Hyphenation: pêr‧so‧nal‧is‧asi

### Noun

pêrsonalisasi (plural personalisasi-personalisasi)
* personalization, personalisation: the act of personalizing something, or adapting it for somebody's needs or tastes

#### Related terms

* person
* persona
* personal
* personalia
* personalitas
* personel

### Further reading

* “personalisasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pertelevisian
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed televisi +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pərteleviˈsian/ [pər.t̪e.le.fiˈsi.an]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: per‧te‧le‧vi‧si‧an

### Noun

pertelevisian (plural pertelevisian-pertelevisian)
* television:
** an electronic communication medium that allows the transmission of real-time visual images, and often sound
** collectively, the programs broadcast via the medium of television

### Further reading

* “pertelevisian” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pesawat sederhana
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pesawat (“machine”) +‎ sederhana (“simple”), calque of Dutch eenvoudige machine (“simple machine”).

### Noun

pesawat sederhana (plural pesawat-pesawat sederhana)
* (physics, engineering) simple machine: a device that only requires the application of a single force to work
# petaram
## Galician
### Verb

petaram
* (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural preterite/pluperfect indicative of petar

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Tamil பத்திரம் (pattiram, “dagger”, literally “leaf”), from Sanskrit पत्त्र (pattra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəˈtaram]
* Hyphenation: pê‧ta‧ram

### Noun

pêtaram (plural petaram-petaram)
* women's small dagger

#### Alternative forms

* patêram

#### Related terms

* patri

### Further reading

* “petaram” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.