# fortuna
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fortūna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [furˈtu.nə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [foɾˈtu.na]
* Rhymes: -una

### Noun

fortuna f (plural fortunes)
* fortune, chance
* fortune, riches

#### Derived terms

* per fortuna

### Further reading

* “fortuna” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
* “fortuna” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “fortuna”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “fortuna” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From fortuno (“fortune, luck”) +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [forˈtuna]
* Rhymes: -una
* Hyphenation: for‧tun‧a

### Adjective

fortuna (accusative singular fortunan, plural fortunaj, accusative plural fortunajn)
* fortunate
    Synonyms: bonŝanca (“lucky”), feliĉa (“happy, fortunate”)

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Italian fortuna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfort(ː)u(ː)nɑ/, [ˈfo̞rt̪(ː)u(ː)nɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ortunɑ
* Hyphenation: for‧tu‧na

### Noun

fortuna
* bagatelle, pin bagatelle (table game)
    Synonym: fortunapeli

#### Declension

Possessive forms of fortuna (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fortunani
fortunani
accusative
nom.
fortunani
fortunani
gen.
fortunani
genitive
fortunani
fortunoideni fortunoitteni fortunaini $^{rare}$
partitive
fortunaani
fortunoitani
inessive
fortunassani
fortunoissani
elative
fortunastani
fortunoistani
illative
fortunaani
fortunoihini
adessive
fortunallani
fortunoillani
ablative
fortunaltani
fortunoiltani
allative
fortunalleni
fortunoilleni
essive
fortunanani
fortunoinani
translative
fortunakseni
fortunoikseni
abessive
fortunattani
fortunoittani
instructive
comitative
—fortunoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fortunasi
fortunasi
accusative
nom.
fortunasi
fortunasi
gen.
fortunasi
genitive
fortunasi
fortunoidesi fortunoittesi fortunaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
fortunaasi
fortunoitasi
inessive
fortunassasi
fortunoissasi
elative
fortunastasi
fortunoistasi
illative
fortunaasi
fortunoihisi
adessive
fortunallasi
fortunoillasi
ablative
fortunaltasi
fortunoiltasi
allative
fortunallesi
fortunoillesi
essive
fortunanasi
fortunoinasi
translative
fortunaksesi
fortunoiksesi
abessive
fortunattasi
fortunoittasi
instructive
comitative
—fortunoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fortunamme
fortunamme
accusative
nom.
fortunamme
fortunamme
gen.
fortunamme
genitive
fortunamme
fortunoidemme fortunoittemme fortunaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
fortunaamme
fortunoitamme
inessive
fortunassamme
fortunoissamme
elative
fortunastamme
fortunoistamme
illative
fortunaamme
fortunoihimme
adessive
fortunallamme
fortunoillamme
ablative
fortunaltamme
fortunoiltamme
allative
fortunallemme
fortunoillemme
essive
fortunanamme
fortunoinamme
translative
fortunaksemme
fortunoiksemme
abessive
fortunattamme
fortunoittamme
instructive
comitative
—fortunoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fortunanne
fortunanne
accusative
nom.
fortunanne
fortunanne
gen.
fortunanne
genitive
fortunanne
fortunoidenne fortunoittenne fortunainne $^{rare}$
partitive
fortunaanne
fortunoitanne
inessive
fortunassanne
fortunoissanne
elative
fortunastanne
fortunoistanne
illative
fortunaanne
fortunoihinne
adessive
fortunallanne
fortunoillanne
ablative
fortunaltanne
fortunoiltanne
allative
fortunallenne
fortunoillenne
essive
fortunananne
fortunoinanne
translative
fortunaksenne
fortunoiksenne
abessive
fortunattanne
fortunoittanne
instructive
comitative
—fortunoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
fortunansa
fortunansa
accusative
nom.
fortunansa
fortunansa
gen.
fortunansa
genitive
fortunansa
fortunoidensa fortunoittensa fortunainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
fortunaansa
fortunoitaan fortunoitansa
inessive
fortunassaan fortunassansa
fortunoissaan fortunoissansa
elative
fortunastaan fortunastansa
fortunoistaan fortunoistansa
illative
fortunaansa
fortunoihinsa
adessive
fortunallaan fortunallansa
fortunoillaan fortunoillansa
ablative
fortunaltaan fortunaltansa
fortunoiltaan fortunoiltansa
allative
fortunalleen fortunallensa
fortunoilleen fortunoillensa
essive
fortunanaan fortunanansa
fortunoinaan fortunoinansa
translative
fortunakseen fortunaksensa
fortunoikseen fortunoiksensa
abessive
fortunattaan fortunattansa
fortunoittaan fortunoittansa
instructive
comitative
—fortunoineen fortunoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* fortunapeli
* sähköfortuna

### Further reading

* “fortuna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* fertuna

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin fortūna, from fors (“chance, luck”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [foɾˈtunɐ]

### Noun

fortuna f (plural fortunas)
* luck, fortune
    Synonym: sorte
* fortune, wealth

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “fortuna”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fortuna”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin fortūna, from fors (“chance, luck”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /forˈtu.na/
* Rhymes: -una
* Hyphenation: for‧tù‧na

### Noun

fortuna f (plural fortune, diminutive fortunèlla, augmentative fortunóna, pejorative fortunàccia)
* luck
* fortune

#### Synonyms

* sorte
* ventura

#### Antonyms

* sfortuna

#### Related terms

* di fortuna
* fortunato
* fortunoso
* per fortuna

#### Descendants

* → Byzantine Greek: φορτούνα (phortoúna)
** Greek: φουρτούνα (fourtoúna)

### Further reading

* fortuna in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
* fortuna in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
* fortuna in Aldo Gabrielli, Grandi Dizionario Italiano (Hoepli)
* fortuna in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* fortùna in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication
* fortuna in sapere.it – De Agostini Editore
* fortuna in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Ladino
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فورطنه (furtuna, fırtuna, fırtına), from Venetan fortuna, from Latin fortūna (“misfortune”). Compare Romanian furtună.

#### Noun

fortuna f (Hebrew spelling פ׳ורטונה)
* squall, tempest, a storm with severe winds
    Ke la mar / Esta en fortuna / Mira ke te va yevarBecause the sea / is under a storm / take heed so it doesn't drag you.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin fortūna, from fors (“chance, luck”).

#### Noun

fortuna f (Hebrew spelling פ׳ורטונה)
* fortune (wealth)
    Eyos son ainda chikos i povres. Para kualo kazarlos antes ke eyos tengan una fortuna? ― They remain small and poor. Why marry them before they become wealthy?
* fortune (luck)
    Synonym: mazal
** 1995, Aki Yerushalayim‎, numbers 49–52, page 78:Fortuna mos traye aki, prezentados kon una boz rika i melodioza, kon akompanyamientos de una ekselente orkestra, […]Fortune brings us here, it presents us with a rich and melodious voice with the accompaniments of an excellent orchestra.

#### References

* 1 2 3 “fortuna”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fortūnā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥-tew-n-éh₂, a substantivized feminine form of an unattested adjective *fortūnus, from the -tus-derivation *fortus to ferō (“to bear, carry”) or fors (“chance, luck”), + -nus, ultimately from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
For the meaning development compare with Russian везе́ние (vezénije, “luck, good luck”) related to везти́ (veztí, “to convey, to carry (by vehicle), to deliver, to transport”); furthermore cf. partly synonymous and cognate Ancient Greek συμφορά (sumphorá, “fortune, bad luck, good luck”) (< σῠμφέρω (sŭmphérō) < φέρω (phérō)).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /forˈtuː.na/, [fɔrˈt̪uːnä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /forˈtu.na/, [forˈt̪uːnä]

### Noun

fortūna f (genitive fortūnae); first declension
* fortune, luck
* good fortune; misfortune (depending on context)
** (Can we date this quote by Virgil and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?) Vergilius, Aeneis, Book V, line 710
    Superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est.All misfortune is to be overcome by enduring.
** (Can we date this quote by Virgil and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?) Vergilius, Aeneis, Book X, lines 42-43
    Speravimus ista, dum fortuna fuit.Such we hoped, while good fortune was.
* destiny, fate
    Synonyms: fātum, sors, necessitās
* prosperity
* (in the plural) possessions
** c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.11:Quibus rebus adductus Caesar non expectandum sibi statuit dum, omnibus fortunis sociorum consumptis, in Santonos Helvetii pervenirent.Caesar, induced by these circumstances, decides that he ought not to wait until the Helvetii, after destroying all the property of his allies, should arrive among the Santones.
    Synonyms: bonum, rēs

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* fortūnō

#### Related terms

* fors
* forsan
* forsit
* forsitan
* fortasse
* fortassis
* forte
* fortuītō
* fortuītus

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: furtunã
* Italian: fortuna
** → Byzantine Greek: φορτούνα (phortoúna)
*** Greek: φουρτούνα (fourtoúna)
* Piedmontese: fortun-a
* Romanian: furtună
* Sicilian: furtuna
* → Albanian: furtunë
* → Catalan: fortuna
* → Occitan: fortuna
* → Old French: fortune
** Middle French: fortune
*** → Dutch: fortuin
*** French: fortune
** → Middle English: fortune
*** English: fortune
**** → Welsh: ffortiwn
*** Scots: fortuin
** → Middle Irish: fortún
*** Irish: fortún
*** Scottish Gaelic: fortan
* → Polish: fortuna
* → Portuguese: fortuna
* → Romansch: fortuna
* → Russian: фортуна (fortuna)
* → Spanish: fortuna

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fors, -tis (>Derivatives > fortūna)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236

### Further reading

* “fortuna”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “fortuna”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "fortuna", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* fortuna in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the position of the lower classes: condicio ac fortuna hominum infimi generis to be fortunate, lucky: fortuna secunda uti to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunae favore or prospero flatu fortunae uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...) to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunam fautricem nancisci Fortune makes men shortsighted, infatuates them: fortuna caecos homines efficit, animos occaecat to try one's luck: fortunam tentare, experiri to run a risk; to tempt Providence: fortunam periclitari (periculum facere) to trust to luck: fortunae se committere to have success in one's grasp: fortunam in manibus habere to let success slip through one's fingers: fortunam ex manibus dimittere luck is changing, waning: fortuna commutatur, se inclinat the plaything of Fortune: ludibrium fortunae Fortune's favourite: is, quem fortuna complexa est to be abandoned by good luck: a fortuna desertum, derelictum esse Fortune exalts a man, makes him conspicuous: fortuna aliquem effert misfortune, adversity: fortuna adversa to struggle with adversity: conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna the vicissitudes of fortune: fortunae vicissitudines to experience the vicissitudes of fortune; to have a chequered career: varia fortuna uti to be exposed to the assaults of fate: fortunae telis propositum esse to be abandoned to fate: fortunae obiectum esse to be a victim of the malice of Fortune: ad iniurias fortunae expositum esse to acquiesce in one's fate: fortunae cedere to be in the enjoyment of a large fortune: fortunis maximis ornatum esse I am discontented with my lot: fortunae meae me paenitet to drive a person out of house and home: exturbare aliquem omnibus fortunis, e possessionibus to drive a person out of house and home: evertere aliquem bonis, fortunis patriis to take up one's abode in a place, settle down somewhere: sedem ac domicilium (fortunas suas) constituere alicubi a degraded, servile condition: infima fortuna or condicio servorum
* “fortuna”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “fortuna”, in Samuel Ball Platner (1929) Thomas Ashby, editor, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press
* “fortuna”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin fortuna.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

fortuna f (plural fortunas)
* fortune, luck
    Synonyms: sòrt, azard
* fortune, riches

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin fortūna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔrˈtu.na/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA: /fɔrˈtu.na/
* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /fɔrˈtu.na/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -una
* Syllabification: for‧tu‧na

### Noun

fortuna f (diminutive fortunka)
* fortune (favorable destiny)
* fortune (lots of riches)
* (Far Masovian) estate (owned land; property)
    Sprzedajta mi swoje fortune. ― Sell me your estate.
* (Chełmno) Synonym of posag

#### Derived terms

* fortunny

#### Related terms

* fortunnie
* fortunność

### Further reading

* fortuna in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* fortuna in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “fortuna”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 107
* Kazimierz Nitsch (1907) “fortuna”, in “Dyalekty polskie Prus zachodnich”, in Materyały i Prace Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie (in Polish), volume 3, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 388

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin fortūna, from fors (“chance, luck”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /foʁˈtũ.nɐ/ [fohˈtũ.nɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /foʁˈtũ.nɐ/ [fohˈtũ.nɐ]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /foɾˈtũ.nɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /foʁˈtũ.nɐ/ [foχˈtũ.nɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /foɻˈtu.na/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fuɾˈtu.nɐ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ũnɐ, (Portugal) -unɐ
* Hyphenation: for‧tu‧na

### Noun

fortuna f (plural fortunas)
* fortune (destiny)
    Synonyms: destino, sina
* fortune (good luck)
    Synonyms: fortúnio, sorte
* fortune (lots of riches)

### Further reading

* “fortuna”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “fortuna”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “fortuna” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “fortuna”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “fortuna”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “fortuna”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fortūna, from fors (“chance, luck”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /foɾˈtuna/ [foɾˈt̪u.na]
* Rhymes: -una
* Syllabification: for‧tu‧na

### Noun

fortuna f (plural fortunas)
* fortune
    Synonyms: prosperidad, riqueza
* fortune, prophecy, reading
* wealth
    Synonym: patrimonio
* luck
    Synonyms: suerte, dicha

#### Derived terms

* afortunado
* bienes de fortuna
* caballero de fortuna
* cazafortunas
* galleta de la fortuna
* golpe de fortuna
* lance de fortuna
* por fortuna
* rueda de la fortuna
* tiempo de fortuna

### References

* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “fortuna”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Further reading

* “fortuna”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10