# si
## Translingual
### Symbol

si
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Sinhalese.

## English

* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

### Alternative forms

* ti

### Etymology

From Middle English si (“seventh degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian si in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the initials of Latin Sāncte Iohannēs (“Saint John (the Baptist)”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon; thus, also an initialism of Sāncte Iohannēs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /siː/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iː
* Homophones: C, cee, sea, see

### Noun

si (plural sis)
* (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.

#### Translations
### See also

* si liao

### Anagrams

* 'is, I's, IS, Is, i's, is, is-, is.

## Albanian
### Etymology

Varying reconstructions. Orel descends it from Proto-Albanian *tšei, Matzinger from Proto-Albanian *čī. Ultimately from instrumental Proto-Indo-European *kwi-h₁. Compare Latin qui (“how, why”), Old English hwȳ, hwī (“why”). An interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [si]

### Adverb

si
* how; in what way; in what state
    Si janë shokët e tu? ― How are your friends?
* like, as
    Si e dini, nuk kemi filluar ende.As you know, we've not yet begun.

#### Derived terms

* disi
* sido
* sidoqoftë

### See also

* qysh

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “si”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 395
* ↑ Schumacher, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 225

## Alemannic German
### Etymology 1

From Old High German siu, from Proto-Germanic *sī. Cognate with German sie (“she; it”), Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si), Old English sēo.

#### Pronoun

si f
* she
* it (for referents of the feminine grammatical gender)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.

#### Pronoun

si pl
* they

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, West Frisian syn, Icelandic sinn.

#### Alternative forms

* siin

#### Determiner

si
* his

##### Declension

Inflected forms include:
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural |
| | masculine | feminine | neuter | Plural |
| Nominative Accusative | si | sini | si | sini |
| Genitive | sines & si's | | sines | |
| Dative | si'm & sim | siner | si'm & sim | sine |

### Etymology 4

From Middle High German sīn, from Old High German sīn. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, Low German sien.

#### Alternative forms

* sii, siin, sinh, ŝchi

#### Verb

si
* (Gressoney) to be

#### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin si.

### Conjunction

si
* if

## Bahnar
### Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *ciː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ciiʔ (“louse”); cognate with Vietnamese chí, chấy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /siː/

### Noun

si
* louse

## Belizean Creole
### Etymology

From English see.

### Verb

si
* to see

### References

* Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 315–316.

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Compare Chamorro si, Indonesian si, Malay si, and Tagalog si.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/ [si]

### Article

si (plural sina)
* direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people
    Nagdalagan si Juan. ― Juan ran.
    Dinara ninda si Tatay sa ospital. ― They brought Father to the hospital.
* direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics
    Yaon na si Taba. ― Fatso is here.
* (Naga) direct marker placed before common nouns
    Synonym: su
    Kinua ko na si pakete. ― I already got the package

#### See also

* an

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [si]
* Homophone: sí
* Rhymes: -i

### Etymology 1

From Old Catalan si, from Latin si (“if”).

#### Conjunction

si
* if

#### See also

* si bé
* si de cas
* si doncs no
* si més no
* si no
* si per cas
* si et plau
* si us plau

### Etymology 2

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

#### Noun

si m (plural sis)
* (music) si (seventh note of a diatonic scale)

### Etymology 3

From Old Catalan si~sin, from Latin sĭnus.

#### Noun

si m (plural sins)
* cavity, depression
* (anatomy) sinus
* (figuratively) uterus
* front portion of the breast
* (figuratively) heart
* estuary, bay

##### See also

* si d'Abraham m

### Etymology 4

From Latin sĭbī.

#### Pronoun

si
* himself, herself, itself
* oneself
* themselves
* each other

##### Usage notes

* Si is the stressed (or "strong", or "tonic") form of the reflexive pronoun es. As such, it is used after prepositions.

##### Declension

$^1$ Behaves grammatically as plural.   $^2$ Behaves grammatically as third person. $^3$ Only as object of a preposition.   $^4$ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

##### See also

* de si mateix
* en si
* entre si
* fora de si
* per a si
* per si mateix
* tornar en si

#### See also

* sí

## Central Franconian
### Alternative forms

* sei, sein (Moselle Franconian)

### Etymology

From Middle High German sīn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ziː/, /zi/
* Homophone: sie

### Determiner

si (masculine senge or singe, feminine and plural seng or sing)
* (Ripuarian) his, its (third-person masculine and neuter possessive)
    Wo hät e dann si Jlas henjestallt? ― Where did he put his glass?

#### Usage notes

* The form seng/sing is used for the neuter when strongly stressed: Dat es sing Jlas! (“That's his glass!”) Contrariwise, the form si may be used for the masculine and feminine when unstressed, chiefly with words for relatives: si Papp (“his father”, but less common than senge Papp).

## Chamorro
### Etymology

Compare Bikol Central si, Indonesian si, and Malay si.

### Preposition

si
* Subject marker for personal names

## Chavacano
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/, [si]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Spanish sí.

#### Particle

si
* yes

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Spanish si (“if”).

#### Conjunction

si
* if

## Cimbrian
### Alternative forms

* zi (Sette Comuni)

### Etymology

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.

### Pronoun

si
* (Luserna) she, it

#### Inflection
### References

* “si” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Cornish
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

si m (plural siow)
* hiss, buzz

##### Derived terms

* edhen si (“hummingbird”)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

si
* (transitive) to fancy

##### Derived terms

* sians (“notion, whim”)

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *si.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɪ]
* Audio:(file)

### Pronoun

si (reflexive)
* clitic dative of sebe:
    to oneself
    to myself
    to yourself
       Posluž si. ― Serve yourself.
    to himself
    to herself
    to itself
    to ourselves
    to yourselves
    to themselves
    Synonym: (stressed) sobě

### Further reading

* “si”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “si”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dalmatian
### Etymology

From Latin sex.

### Numeral

si
* six

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse sía (“to sieve, filter”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /siː/, [siːˀ]
* Rhymes: -i
* Rhymes: -iː

### Noun

si c (singular definite sien, plural indefinite sier)
* sieve
* strainer
* colander

#### Inflection
### Verb

si (imperative si, infinitive at si, present tense sier, past tense siede, perfect tense har siet)
* sieve
* strain
* sift

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: si
* Rhymes: -i

### Noun

si m or f (plural si's, diminutive sietje n)
* musical note; ti

### Anagrams

* is

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Italian si, French soi, Spanish se, Latin se, plus the i of personal pronouns.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [si]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: si

### Pronoun

si (reflexive, accusative sin, possessive sia)
* himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself

#### Usage notes

The reflexive pronoun si is only used to refer to the third person (In English: he/she/it/they) not the first or second person (In English: I/we/you). When the subject of a sentence is first or second person, the same pronoun is repeated (with the accusative ending -n added if needed) instead of using si. (E.g. "they wash themselves" is ili lavas sin, but "I wash myself" is mi lavas min, instead of *mi lavas sin.)

### See also

| | | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural | Plural |
| | | Nominative | Accusative | Possessive | Nominative | Accusative | Possessive |
| First person | First person | mi | min | mia | ni | nin | nia |
| Second person | Formal | vi | vin | via | vi | vin | via |
| Second person | Familiar$^1$ | ci | cin | cia | vi | vin | via |
| Third person | Masculine | li | lin | lia | ili iŝi$^3$ | ilin iŝin$^3$ | ilia iŝia$^3$ |
| Third person | Feminine | ŝi | ŝin | ŝia | ili iŝi$^3$ | ilin iŝin$^3$ | ilia iŝia$^3$ |
| Third person | Neuter | ĝi | ĝin | ĝia | ili iŝi$^3$ | ilin iŝin$^3$ | ilia iŝia$^3$ |
| Third person | Gender-neutral$^2$ | ri ŝli | rin ŝlin | ria ŝlia | ili iŝi$^3$ | ilin iŝin$^3$ | ilia iŝia$^3$ |
| Third person | Reflexive | si | sin | sia | si | sin | sia |
| Indefinite | Indefinite | oni | onin | onia | oni | onin | onia |
| Notes ||||||||
| $^1$ The second person familiar pronouns are archaic. $^2$ The proposed gender-neutral third-person singular pronouns ri (rin, ria) and ŝli (ŝlin, ŝlia) are not widely used. $^3$ The proposed third-person feminine plural pronoun iŝi (iŝin, iŝia) is not widely used. ||||||||

## Ewe
### Verb

si
* to escape

## Fala
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

#### Conjunction

si
* if (used to introduce a condition or choice)
** 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:I si “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.And if “a man’s homeland is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

si
* Alternative form of se
** 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, Fala is yet another treasure among them.

## French

* This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: ci, scie, scient, scies

### Etymology 1

From Old French se, from Latin si (“if”).

#### Conjunction

si
* if, whether
    Je me demande si elle sera seule. ― I wonder if she'll be alone.
    Je veux savoir si tu viendras ou non. ― I want to know if you're coming or not.
* if (assuming that)
    Si j’avais ses pouvoirs, je créerais un monde où le mal n’existe pas. ― If I had his power, I'd create a world where evil didn't exist.
    Si tu n’avais pas appelé, je serais morte. ― If you hadn't called, I'd be dead.
* even if
* although, while

##### Usage notes

Elided preceding il or ils, resulting in the contracted forms s’il and s’ils.

##### Derived terms

* avec des si on mettrait Paris en bouteille
* comme si
* même si
* si ce n’est
* si et seulement si
* si possible
* si seulement
* sinon

### Etymology 2

From Old French si, from Latin sic (“so, thus”). Doublet of sic.

#### Interjection

si
* yes (used to contradict a negative statement)
    Synonym: (archaic) si fait
    Tu ne m’aimes pas, n’est-ce pas ? — Si !You don’t like me, do you? — Yes, I do!
    Moi, je n’ai rien fait ! — Si !I didn't do anything! — Yes, you did!

##### Usage notes

The positive particle usage is uncommon in Québec, where most speakers use oui instead.

#### Adverb

si
* so, such (intensifier)
    J’étais si fatigué ces jours-ci que je n’avais pas le courage de vous écrire.I was so tired those days that I didn't have the energy to write to you.
    Cela n’aurait pas été une si bonne idée.That wouldn't have been such a good idea.
* (si + adjective/adverb + que ...) however (to whatever extent or degree)
    Synonyms: aussi, tout, quelque
    Si bavard qu’il soit, il ne dit rien de stupide.However talkative he may be, he doesn't say anything stupid.
** 2017, Luc Brisson, Platon:Mais un législateur qui aurait un tant soit peu de worth, si infime soit elle, quand bien même il n’en irait pas comme l’argument vient de le démontrer, n’aurait-il pas commis en cette occasion, plus qu’en n’importe quelle autre circonstance où il aurait eu l’audace de mentir aux jeunes gens dans l’intérêt du bien, son plus utile mensonge, celui capable de faire que tous, non pas de force mais de leur plein gré, se conduisent de façon entièrement juste ?But a legislator who would have the slightest bit of valour, however tiny it may be, even if it were not as the argument has just demonstrated, would he not have committed on this occasion, more than in any other circumstance where he would have had the audacity to lie to young people in the interest of the good, his most useful lie, the one capable of making everyone, not by force but of their own accord, behave in an entirely just fashion?

##### Usage notes

* In the sense however, the verb is usually in the subjunctive.
* The que is sometimes replaced by an inverted-subject construction with a subjunctive verbal element and nominal, usually a personal pronoun.
    si heureuse soit-elle ― however happy she may be
    si faible paraisse-t-il ― however weak he may seem

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

si m (plural si)
* (music) si, the note 'B'

##### Derived terms

* si majeur

### Further reading

* “si”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin se.

### Pronoun

si (third person)
* (reflexive pronoun) himself, herself

#### Related terms

* lui
* jê

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Latin sīc.

#### Interjection

si
* yes
    Antonym: non

### Etymology 2

From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.

#### Pronoun

si (accusative se, dative se)
* himself, herself, itself
* themselves

##### Usage notes

The pronoun si is used exclusively as the object of a preposition; no nominative form exists.

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

si m (plural sis)
* (music) si (musical note)
* (music) B (the musical note or key)

##### See also

* dó
* fa
* la
* mi
* re
* si
* sol

## Gothic
### Romanization

si
* Romanization of 𐍃𐌹

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

From Portuguese se. Cognate with Kabuverdianu si.

### Conjunction

si
* if

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French si.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Conjunction

si
* if

## Hanunoo
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *si.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsi/ [ˈsi]
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: si

### Article

si (Hanunoo spelling ᜰᜲ)
* a form preposed to personal names
    Si Gawid ― Gawid
    Sintay si Luyon?Who is Luyon?
    Kang manok si manayti.My bird the manayti (small bird)

#### See also

* kan
* kay
* ni
* ti

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 244

## Iau
### Noun

si
* woman

### References

* Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian sì, Spanish sí.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Adverb

si
* (archaic) yes
    Synonym: yes
    Antonym: no

### References

* Progreso I (in Ido), 1908–1909, page 10

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/
* Audio (Indonesia):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Bikol Central si, Chamorro si, and Malay si, Tagalog si.

#### Article

si
* definite article used before the names of those with whom the speaker and interlocutor is intimate or familiar with
    Tiada satupun yang berani pada si Tigor pemberani. ― No one dared to oppose the brave Tigor.
    Kukatakan pada si Yopi kecil, janganlah marah ― I said to little Yopi, don't angry.
    Kudengar bahwa si Tuti besar sedang sakit ― I hear that big Tuti is ill.
* definite article used before a noun referring to a particular person with a particular characteristic
    Si penjual jamu itu cantik sekali. ― That jamu seller is very pretty.
    Dia tertawa dengan si orang asing itu. ― She was laughing with the foreigner.
    Si pemuda itu tersenyum lebar lalu pergi. ― The young man smiled broadly then left.
* definite article used before a nickname, typically for a subject whose well-known attributes are referred to by an adjective
    Namanya si Putih ― The name is Whitey.
    Si Gendut ― The Fatso
    Si Goblok ― The Old Muttonhead
* definite article used before animals
    si kucing ― the cat

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

si
* (law enforcement) aphetic form of seksi (“section”)

### Etymology 3

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 市(し) (shi, “city”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

#### Noun

si
* (historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of kota (“city”)

### Further reading

* “si” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Adverb

si
* yes

## Italian
### Etymology 1

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Spanish se and Portuguese se and si.

#### Alternative forms

* -si (enclitic)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: si

#### Pronoun

si
* (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
    Il tuo gatto si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans himself/itself on my bed.
    La tua gatta si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans herself on my bed.
    Marco si è rotto il braccio. ― Marco has broken his arm.
* (reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another
    Carlo e Laura si amano. ― Carlo and Laura love each other.
* (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people
    In Italia si pranza intorno all'una. ― In Italy they eat lunch around 13.
    In Italia si tende ad andare a letto tardi. ― In Italy, people tend to go to bed late.
    Si dice che Maria volesse uccidere Giovanni. ― It is said that Maria wanted to kill Giovanni.
    Da questa finestra si vede la banca. ― From this window, one can see the bank.
* (si passivante) Used to form the passive voice of a verb; it
    Si vende latte. / Vendesi latte. ― Milk for sale.
    Non si accettano carte di credito. ― Credit cards are not accepted.
* (dialectal, notably Rome) reflexive and reciprocal first person pronoun, where Standard Italian uses ci
    Se semo fatti sei chilometri a fette. (Ci siamo fatti sei chilometri a piedi.)We walked for six kilometers.
    Volemose bene. (Vogliamoci bene.)Let's love each other.
    Se la smezzamo? (Ce la dividiamo?)Do you want to split?
** 1483, Matteo Maria Boiardo, Orlando Innamorato, I, XVIII, lines 37–39:Ambo se poseremo in questo prato e domatina, come il giorno pare, ritornaremo insieme a battagliare.We will both lay down in this meadow and tomorrow morning, when the day appears, together we will go back to fight.

##### Usage notes

* When si is part of an infinitive, it can be placed before it as a separate word, but more often it is attached to the end. In this case, the final -e of the infinitive is dropped, or, in the case of infinitives ending in -rre, the final -re is dropped. Examples: amar(e) + si = amarsi; ridur(re) + si = ridursi.
* Often translated using the passive voice in English when used as indefinite personal pronoun:
    Si dice che […] ― It is said that […]
* Verb + si is often translated as become or get + [past participle] in English.
* In cases where si (indefinite pronoun) and si (reflexive pronoun) follow each other, the first si is replaced with ci:
    Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.
    (instead of: *Si si lava.)
* Becomes se when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

#### See also

| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
| Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | mi, m', -mi | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | — |
| Singular | second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | ti, t', -ti | ti, t', -ti | te | te | — | — |
| Singular | third | m | lui | si$^2$, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se$^2$ | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' |
| Singular | third | f | lei, Lei$^1$ | si$^2$, s', -si | la, La$^1$, l', L'$^1$, -la, -La$^1$ | le$^3$, Le$^1$, -le$^3$, -Le$^1$ | glie, se$^2$ | lei, Lei$^1$, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' |
| Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ci, c', -ci | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | — |
| Plural | second | — | voi, Voi$^4$ | vi, Vi$^4$, v', V'$^4$, -vi, -Vi$^4$ | vi, Vi$^4$, v', V'$^4$, -vi, -Vi$^4$ | vi, Vi$^4$, v', V'$^4$, -vi, -Vi$^4$ | ve | voi, Voi$^4$ | — | — |
| Plural | third | m | loro, Loro$^1$ | si, s', -si | li, Li$^1$, -li, -Li$^1$ | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro$^1$ | glie, se | loro, Loro$^1$, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' |
| Plural | third | f | loro, Loro$^1$ | si, s', -si | le, Le$^1$, -le, -Le$^1$ | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro$^1$ | glie, se | loro, Loro$^1$, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' |
| $^1$ | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. |
| $^2$ | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. |
| $^3$ | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. |
| $^4$ | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsi/, /ˈsi/$^*$
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: sì

#### Noun

si
* (music) si (musical note B)

#### See also

* sì
* ci

### Further reading

* si in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Jamaican Creole
### Etymology

Derived from English see.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Verb

si
* to see
    Mi wuda laik si im tu.I'd like to see him too.

### Preposition

si
* (Used with ya) Here is; here are.
    Si Jan ya.Here is John.
    Si yu buk-dem ya.Here are your books.

### Further reading

* si at majstro.com

## Japanese
### Romanization

si
* The katakana syllable スィ (si) in Hepburn-like romanization.

## Japhug
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj (“to die”). Cognate with Tibetan ཤི (shi), Chinese 死 (OC *hljiʔ).

#### Verb

si
* (Kamnyu, intransitive) to die

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ ~ *sik (“tree; wood; firewood”). Cognate with Tibetan ཤིང (shing, “tree”), Chinese 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”), Tangut 𗝠 (*sji¹, “tree”).

#### Noun

si
* (Kamnyu) tree
* (Kamnyu) wood

### References

* ↑ Zhang, Shuya, Jacques, Guillaume, Lai, Yunfan (2019) “A study of cognates between Gyalrong languages and Old Chinese”, in Journal of Language Relationship, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, page 89
* ↑ Zhang, Shuya, Jacques, Guillaume, Lai, Yunfan (2019) “A study of cognates between Gyalrong languages and Old Chinese”, in Journal of Language Relationship, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, page 85
* ↑ Jacques, Guillaume (2014) Esquisse de phonologie et de morphologie historique du tangoute, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 100
* Guillaume Jacques, Argument Demotion in Japhug Rgyalrong (2012)
* Guillaume Jacques (2021) A grammar of Japhug‎, Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology 1

From Portuguese se.

#### Conjunction

si
* if

### Etymology 2

From Portuguese sim.

#### Adverb

si
* yes

## Kankanaey
### Alternative forms

* sis

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Kankanaey) IPA: /si/ [si̞]
** IPA: (parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) /hi/ [hi̞]
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: si

### Article

si
* oblique argument, specifically a common nominal indefinite marker

#### Synonyms

Southern / Central :
| Mt. Province | Tadian | si, (Lubon) hi, (Banaao, Cadad-anan, Cagubatan, Dacudac, Lenga, Pandayan) ho |
| Mt. Province | Bauko | si, (Banao, Bila, Otucan) hi |
| Mt. Province | Sabangan | si, (Tambingan, Supang, Data, Lagan, Losad, Poblacion) si, (Bun-ayan, Pingad, Bao-angan, Camatagan, Napua, Gayang, Capinitan, Busa, Namatec) hi |
| Northern / Applai |||
| Mt. Province | Sagada | si |

#### See also

* (oblique arguments) sin, si, sis, ed, en, en da

### References

* Janet L. Allen (2014) Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎ (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 128

## Khumi Chin
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sʰi˩/

### Noun

si
* wild cow

### References

* K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎, Payap University, page 50

## Koro (India)
### Noun

si
* water

### References

* Roger Blench, Mark Post, (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence (2011)

## Kusaal
### Etymology

from French scie (“saw”)

### Noun

si
* saw (tool)

## Ladin
### Etymology

From Latin sē.

### Adjective

si
* (possessive) his, her, hers, its, their

## Ladino
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Spain):(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish si (“if”).

#### Conjunction

si (Hebrew spelling סי)
* if (supposing that)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Spanish si (“oneself”).

#### Pronoun

si (Hebrew spelling סי)
* oneself; herself; itself; himself; themselves (form of se used after prepositions)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Spanish si (“yea”).

#### Particle

si (Hebrew spelling סי)
* yes; aye (commonly used to respond affirmatively to a question)
    Antonym: no

#### References

* 1 2 3 “si”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* sei (standard in Republican spelling)
* se (Merovingian)

### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sei (“so, thus”) used in parataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”); this older meaning is preserved in Latin sīc as well as in the oath sī dīs placet, cf. English so help me God. Related to Old English sē (“he, that”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsiː/, [ˈs̠iː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsi/, [ˈsiː]

### Conjunction

sī
* if, supposing that
    Sī versūs hōrum duōrum poētārum neglegētis, magnā parte litterārum carēbitis.If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.
    Sī vis pacem, para bellum.If you want peace, prepare for war.
* whether (when a verb of seeing or trying is the main verb in the apodosis; or when sī is used twice correlatively)
    sī... sī ― whether... or

#### Derived terms

* ac sī (“just as if”)
* nisi (“unless”)
* quasi (“as if, like”)
* sī dīs placet (“expr. of indignant surprise”)
* sī mē amās (“please”)
* sī minus (“if not”)
* sī modo (“provided that”)
* sī nōn (“if not”)
* sī nōndum (“if not yet”)
* sī̆ quandō (“if ever”)
* sī̆ quidem (“if/since indeed”)
* sī quis, sī quid (“if anybody/anything”)
* sī vīs (“if you like”)
* sī vīvō (“as sure as I'm alive”)
* sīc (“so, thus”)
* sīcubi (“if anywhere”)
* sīcunde (“if from anywhere”)
* sīcut (“as”)
* sīn (“if however”)
* sī(n) aliter (“if otherwise”)
* sīs (“if you will”)
* sīve, seu (“disjunctive sī”)
* sōdēs (“if you will”)

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: si
* Catalan: si
* Franco-Provençal: se
* French: si
* Friulian: se
* Galician: se
* Italian: se
* Occitan: se
* Portuguese: se
** Guinea-Bissau Creole: si
** Kabuverdianu: si
** Papiamentu: si
* Romanian: să
* Romansch: sche
* Sicilian: si
* Spanish: si

### References

* si in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* si in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "si", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* si in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* si in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sī, sīc”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561

## Latvian
### Noun

si m (invariable)
* (music) si

## Lolopo
### Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *ʃe² (“to die”), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *səj¹ (“to die”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj (“to die”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sz̩³³]

### Verb

si
* (Yao'an) to die

### Noun

si
* (Yao'an) death

### References

* Merrifield, Judith, Merrifield, Scott (2018) “Query for si”, in Yao'an Loxrlavu – English Dictionary (in Chinese), SIL International

## Louisiana Creole
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/
* Rhymes: -i

### Etymology 1

Inherited from French si (“if”).

#### Conjunction

si
* if

### Etymology 2

Inherited from French si (“so”).

#### Adverb

si
* so (intensifier)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from French six (“six”).

#### Numeral

si
* six

##### Usage notes

* Precedes consonant-initial words. See usage notes at sis.

## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zi/

### Pronoun

si
* third-person feminine singular, nominative: she
    Si ass eng ganz schéi Fra. ― She is a very beautiful woman
* third-person feminine singular, accusative: her
    Den Hond huet si gebass. ― The dog bit her
* third-person plural, nominative: they
    Si si ganz schéi Fraen. ― They are very beautiful women.
* third-person plural, accusative: them
    Den Hond huet si gebass. ― The dog bit them

#### Usage notes

* The feminine singular is used chiefly with feminine words for things. Female persons are predominantly treated as grammatically neuter, though the feminine is not impossible. See hatt for more.

#### Declension
## Macanese
### Alternative forms

* se

### Etymology

From Portuguese se.

### Conjunction

si
* if (introduces a condition)
    si nunca ― otherwise (literally, “if not”)
    si sâm capaz ― if you are brave / if you dare
    si más pricisâ ― if more is needed
    si já falâ co iou ― if you had told me
    si vosôtro querê vêm ― if you (pl.) want to come
    iou vai olâ si têm ― I'm going to see if there is any
    si têm vagar lôgo vêm ― I'll come if I have time

#### Derived terms

* nunca-si

### References

* https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *si₁. Compare Compare Berik si, Chamorro si, Indonesian si, and Tagalog si.

### Article

si
* the (primarily used with people, rarely necessary)
    Ke mana perginya si budak nakal yang aku jumpa di taman tadi?Where has the brat I just met in the park headed to?
* definite particle used with adjectives to describe people
    si matithe dead (person)
* a definite article used in names or nicknames
    Si PolanJohn Doe

#### Synonyms

* sang (more formal)

## Mandarin
### Romanization

si (si$^5$ / si$^0$, Zhuyin ˙ㄙ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 廁 / 厕
si
* Nonstandard spelling of sī.
* Nonstandard spelling of sǐ.
* Nonstandard spelling of sì.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Mauritian Creole
### Etymology

From French si.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Conjunction

si
* if

#### Derived terms

* sinon

### Interjection

si
* yes (used to contradict a negative statement)

## Middle Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ziː/

### Etymology 1

From Old Dutch sia.

#### Alternative forms

* sie, soe, so

#### Pronoun

si
* she

##### Descendants

* Dutch: zij
** Afrikaans: sy
* Limburgish: zie

### Etymology 2

From Old Dutch sia.

#### Alternative forms

* sie

#### Pronoun

si
* they (all genders)
** 1249, Schepenbrief van Bochoute, Velzeke, eastern Flanders:Si maken bekent die nu sien ende wesen selenThey make known to those who are now and will be

##### Descendants

* Dutch: zij
* Limburgish: zie

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

si
* first/third-person singular present subjunctive of wēsen

### Further reading

* “si (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* “si (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “si (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Etymology

From Old English sīe, singular subjunctive of wesan, from Proto-Germanic *sijǭ (first person), *sijēs (second person), and *sijē (third person), singular subjunctive forms of *wesaną.

### Verb

si
* (Early Middle English, rare) singular present subjunctive of been

## Middle French
### Alternative forms

* se

### Etymology

From Old French se.

### Adverb

si
* if
* then (afterwards; following)

#### Descendants

* French: si

## Middle Low German
### Pronunciation

* Possibly: IPA: /siː/
* Certainly: Stem vowel: ê⁴
** IPA: /siɛ/, /siə/

### Pronoun

sî
* Alternative form of sê

## Mòcheno
### Etymology

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.

### Pronoun

si
* she, it

#### Inflection
### References

* “si” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Mokilese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsi/

### Noun

si
* ear

#### Declension
## Molo
### Noun

si
* water

### References

* Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989)

## Nalca
### Noun

si
* tooth
* name

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French si, from Latin si (“if”).

### Conjunction

si
* (Guernsey) if

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /siː/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse segja, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”).

#### Verb

si (imperative si, present tense sier, passive sies, past tense sa, past participle sagt, present participle siende)
* to say

##### Derived terms

* avsi
* forutsi
* fremsi
* lettere sagt enn gjort
* selvsagt
* si det med blomster
* siende
* sigende
* sjølsagt
* så å si

#### See also

* seie, seia (Nynorsk)

### Etymology 2
#### Determiner

si
* feminine singular of sin

##### See also

| Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | Possessive | Possessive | Possessive |
| Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | feminine | masculine | neuter | plural |
| Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
| Singular | Second | general | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine |
| Singular | Second | formal (rare) | De | Dem | Deres | Deres | Deres | Deres |
| Singular | Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | hennes | hennes | hennes |
| Singular | Third | masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | hans | hans | hans |
| Singular | Third | feminine (noun) | den | den | dens | dens | dens | dens |
| Singular | Third | masculine (noun) | den | den | dens | dens | dens | dens |
| Singular | Third | neuter (noun) | det | det | dets | dets | dets | dets |
| Singular | Third | reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
| Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vår | vårt | våre |
| Plural | Second | general | dere | dere | deres | deres | deres | deres |
| Plural | Second | formal (very rare) | De | Dem | Deres | Deres | Deres | Deres |
| Plural | Third | general | de | dem | deres | deres | deres | deres |
| Plural | Third | reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |

### Etymology 3

See the main entry.

#### Noun

si (uncountable)
* Alternative form of side, used only in the phrase på si.

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

si (uncountable)
* (music) si (seventh note of a major scale)

### References

* “si” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “si” in The Ordnett Dictionary

### Anagrams

* -is, is

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Determiner

si f
* feminine singular of sin

### Etymology 2

Acronym of Latin Sancte Ioannes, the phrase ending the hymn Ut queant laxis from earlier words of which the other notes of solfège were derived. A younger alteration, ti, allows for every note of the solfège to begin with a different letter.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /siː/
* Homophone: sid

#### Noun

si m (definite singular si-en, indefinite plural si-ar, definite plural si-ane)
* (music) si, a syllable used in seventh note of a major scale

##### Coordinate terms

* (scale of solfège): do, re, mi, fa, so (or sol), la, ti (or si), do

### Etymology 3

Akin to the first part of Old Norse síþráðr.

#### Noun

si n (definite singular siet, uncountable)
* (collective, nautical, dated) tatters of rope used to stop leakage

### Etymology 4

Doublet of side.

#### Noun

si ?
* Used only idiomatically in the prepositional phrase på si.

### Etymology 5

Clipping of sidan.

#### Adverb

si
* (dialectal) since
* (dialectal) ago
* (dialectal) because, for

### References

* “si” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* IS, is, SI, si-

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /siː/

### Verb

sī
* Alternative form of sīe

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* se
* s' (before a vowel)

### Etymology 1

From Latin sic.

#### Adverb

si
* so; thus; in such a way
** c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:Si li a dit eneslepasSo he said to him quickly

##### Descendants

* French: si
* Norman: si

### Etymology 2

See se.

#### Conjunction

si
* Alternative form of se (if)

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsi/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with Old French sei and Old Spanish si.

#### Pronoun

si
* oneself; herself; itself; himself; themselves (form of se used after prepositions)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin sīc (“thus; so”), from Proto-Indo-European *so (“this, that”).

#### Particle

si
* yes (affirmatively)
    Antonym: non
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 84 (facsimile):
    ſi ou non
       yes or no

##### Descendants

* Fala: sí
* Galician: si
* Portuguese: sim

## Old High German
### Verb

sī
* first/third-person singular present subjunctive of wesan

## Old Saxon
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Article

si
* feminine nominative singular of sē

#### Declension
## Old Spanish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin si (“if”).

#### Conjunction

si
* if (supposing that)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with Old French sei and Old Galician-Portuguese si.

#### Pronoun

si
* oneself; herself; itself; himself; themselves (form of se used after prepositions)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin sīc (est) (“thus”).

#### Particle

si
* yea; aye; yes (commonly used to respond affirmatively to a question)
    Antonym: no

##### Descendants

* Ladino: si, סי
* Spanish: si

### References

* Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946) “si”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 469

## Pali
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit शी (śī).

#### Root

si
* to lie down

##### Derived terms

* sayati
* sayāpeti
* seti

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit श्रि (śri).

#### Root

si
* to rest on

##### Usage notes

The initial consonant tends to geminate after prefixes.

##### Derived terms

* nissayati
* nissāya
* sita
* nissaya

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Sanskrit सि (si).

#### Root

si
* to bind

##### Derived terms
## Papiamentu
### Etymology 1

From Spanish si and Portuguese se and Kabuverdianu si.

#### Conjunction

si
* if
* when

### Etymology 2

From Spanish sí and Portuguese sim and Kabuverdianu si.

#### Adverb

si
* yes

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsi/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsi/
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: si

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese si, from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with French soi, Italian sé, Spanish sí.

#### Alternative forms

* sy (obsolete)

#### Pronoun

si (reflexive)
* (following a preposition) oneself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, themselves

##### See also
### Etymology 2

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

#### Noun

si m (plural sis)
* si (musical note)

##### Coordinate terms

* (C major scale) escala de dó maior; dó, ré, mi, fá, sol, lá, si

### Etymology 3
#### Conjunction

si
* Eye dialect spelling of se, representing Brazil Portuguese.

### Etymology 4

Possibly borrowed from Spanish sí or a clipping of sim.

#### Interjection

si
* (Rio Grande do Sul, informal, Internet slang) yes (affirmative answer)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sim

## Quapaw
### Etymology

Cognate with Assiniboine sihá, Dakota sihá, Lakota sí, Omaha-Ponca si, Hidatsa icí, Crow iché.

### Noun

si
* foot

## Romagnol
### Pronunciation

   * (Central Romagnol): IPA: [ˈsiː]
      * (Ville Unite):

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sĕx (“six”).

#### Numeral

si m
* six
    Uj vö si dè.It takes six days.

### Etymology 2

From the initial letters of Sancte + Iohannes, of the seventh verse of the hymn Ut queant laxis.

#### Noun

si m (plural si)
* Si (musical note)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin sēbum (“tallow”).

#### Noun

si m (plural si)
* tallow

### References

Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, pages 584, 585

## Romani
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

si
* to be
* there be
* Used before an accusative personal pronoun to indicate possession.
    Si la kale bala.She has black hair.

#### Usage notes

* The personal pronoun is often omitted when si is used to mean "to be".
* When a noun indicates the possessor, si follows the accusative case of the noun.

#### Derived terms

* si te

### References

* Yūsuke Sumi (2018) ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 71

## Romanian
### Etymology

From Italian si.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Noun

si m (plural si)
* (music) si (musical note B)

#### Declension
## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen, se
* (Puter, Vallader) sü

### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin, Late Latin root sūsum, from Latin sūrsum.

### Adverb

si
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) up, upward, upwards

## Sassarese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Etymology 1

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Italian si, Portuguese si and se.

#### Alternative forms

* s' (apocopic)
* -ssi (enclitic)

#### Pronoun

si
* (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
    La camìsgia si la pònini li manni ― Adults wear shirts (literally, “The adults put the shirt on themselves”)
* (reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another
    Eddi s'àmani ― They love each other
* (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people
    Lu zipressu si dizi "àiburu di campusantu" ― The cypress is called "graveyard tree"

##### Related terms

* sóiu

### Etymology 2

From Latin sī, from Proto-Italic *sei (“so, thus”) used in parataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).

#### Conjunction

si
* if
    Si lu sai, dìmmiru! ― If you know, tell me! (literally, “If you know it, tell it to me!”)

### References

* Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

## Savi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit सेतु (setu).

### Noun

si
* bridge

### References

* Knobloch, Nina (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan‎, Stockholm: Stockholm University

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Pronoun

si (Cyrillic spelling си)
* (reflexive) Replaces the dative of a personal pronoun when the subject is of the same person as the dative object; to oneself (clitic dative singular of sȅbe (“oneself”))
** to myself
** to yourself
** to himself, herself, itself
** to ourselves
** to yourselves
** to themselves
* (reflexive, emphatic, possessive, dative) one's, of oneself (clitic dative singular of sebe (“one”))
    Kako li je samo zaboravio gdje si je parkirao auto?Just how did he forget where he parked his car?

#### Declension
### Verb

si (Cyrillic spelling си)
* second-person singular present of bȉti

## Slovak
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *esi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [si]

### Verb

si
* second-person singular present of byť
    (you) are, (thou) art

### Pronoun

si
* dative of seba
    Kupujem si topánky. ― I am buying me shoes.
    Komu kupuješ topánky? Sebe. ― Whom are you buying shoes for? Myself.

### Further reading

* “si”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: /sí/

#### Verb

sȉ
* second-person singular present of bíti

### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: /si/

#### Pronoun

si
* dative singular of sébe

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin si (“if”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/ [si]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: si
* Homophone: sí

### Conjunction

si
* if

#### Derived terms

* apenas si
* como si
* cual si
* por si
* que si
* si bien
* si Dios lo quiere
* si la mirada matara
* si lo sabré yo
* si mal no recuerdo
* si me apuras
* si no
* si no quieres caldo, taza y media
* si quisiera Dios
* si tan siquiera
* si y solo si
* si ya

#### See also

* sí

### Further reading

* “si”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sumerian
### Romanization

si
* Romanization of 𒋛

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

si
* negative present (all persons, numbers, and classes) of -wa (“to not be”)

### Verb

-si
* negative relative stem of -wa, -wapo, -wako, or -wamo
    mtu asiye na maarifa ― a person without knowledge

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /si/ [sɪ]
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: si

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Bikol Central si, Cebuano si, Gorontalo ti, Hiligaynon si, Ilocano si, Kapampangan i, Pangasinan si, and Waray-Waray si.

#### Article

si (plural sina, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)
* direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people
    Tumakbo si Juan.Juan ran.
    Dinala nila si Tatay sa ospital.They brought Father to the hospital.
* direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics
    Nandiyan na si taba. ― Fatso is there.

##### Alternative forms

* c — text messaging
* çi — obsolete

##### See also
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English cee, the English name of the letter C/c.

#### Noun

si (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)
* the name of the Latin-script letter C/c, in the Filipino alphabet
    Synonym: (in the Abecedario) ce

##### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi

### Further reading

* “si”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Ternate
### Adverb

si
* first, firstly

#### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001). A Descriptive Study of the Language of Ternate, the Northern Moluccas, Indonesia. University of Pittsburgh.

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English sea.

### Noun

si
* sea
* waves; breakers; swells

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Italian si

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/
* Rhymes: -sɪ

### Noun

si (definite accusative siyi, plural siler)
* (music) si (musical note B)

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *ɟ-riː, from Proto-Austroasiatic *ɟriːʔ (“banyan, ficus”). Cognate with Bahnar jri, Khmer ជ្រៃ (crɨy), Khasi jri, Old Mon jrey.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [si˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʂɪj˧˧] ~ [sɪj˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʂɪj˧˧] ~ [sɪj˧˧]

### Noun

(classifier cây, quả, trái) si • (󰊮)
* certain plants of the Mallotus and Ficus genera
    Synonym: gừa

## Volapük
### Interjection

si
* yes
** 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.

## Waigali
### Etymology

Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsi/

### Noun

si (Nisheigram)
* lion

### References

* ↑ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “si”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

## Walloon
### Etymology

From Old French, from Latin si (“if”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Conjunction

si
* if

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* su

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /siː/
* Rhymes: -iː

### Noun

si m (plural sïon, not mutable)
* murmur, hum
* rumour

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

IPA: /sí/

#### Noun

sí
* The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

### Etymology 2
#### Preposition

sí
* to, at, toward (used when movement is implied)

#### See also

* ní

### Etymology 3

Compare with Itsekiri sín

#### Verb

sí
* (intransitive) to be far, to be distant

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

sí
* (intransitive) Negative form of wà

### Etymology 5
#### Conjunction

sì
* and

##### Usage notes

Sì is solely used to join verbs/sentences and not nouns, for which àti is used. Additionally, when sì is used, the subject of each verb must be specified.
* Mo jó, mo kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́, mo sì kọ lẹ́tà. – I danced, studied, and wrote a letter.
* Wọn kò fẹ́ ṣiṣẹ́, wọn kò sì fẹ́ ṣeré. – They don't want to work or play.

## Zhuang
### Etymology

From Chinese 市 (shì).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /θi˧˥/
* Tone numbers: si$^5$
* Hyphenation: si

### Noun

si (1957–1982 spelling si)
* city
    Nanzningz SiNanning City

## Zou
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swiʔ (“blood”). Cognates include Nuosu ꌦ (sy) and Burmese သွေး (swe:).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si˧˩/

### Noun

sì
* blood

### Verb

sì
* (intransitive) to die

### References

* Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 47