# anemia
## English
### Alternative forms

* anaemia (UK)
* anæmia (UK, rare)

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) +‎ -ia; those roots are the basis of the English combining forms an- + -aemia/-emia.

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /əˈnimi.ə/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

anemia (countable and uncountable, plural anemias or anemiae or anemiæ)
* (American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.
* (countable, pathology) A disease or condition that has anemia as a symptom.
    Pernicious anemia and sickle-cell anemia are two anemias.
* (obsolete) Ischemia. [19th–mid-20th c.]

#### Usage notes

In 21st century medical terminology, anemia never means ischemia, although in 19th through mid-20th century medical usage, it sometimes did.

#### Derived terms

* achlorhydric anemia
* acquired hemolytic anemia
* Addison's anemia
* anemial
* anemic
* anemious
* antianemia
* aplastic anemia
* autoimmune hemolytic anemia
* Biermer's anemia
* Diamond-Blackfan anemia
* Fanconi anemia
* hemolytic anemia
* hyperchromic anemia
* hypochromic anemia
* miner's anemia
* pernicious anemia
* pseudoanemia
* sickle-cell anemia

#### Descendants

* → Swahili: anemia

#### See also

* ischemia

### Anagrams

* Amenia, amaine, menaia

## Asturian
### Noun

anemia f (uncountable)
* anemia (medical condition with decreased oxygen transport)

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From anemio +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [aneˈmia]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Hyphenation: a‧ne‧mi‧a

### Adjective

anemia (accusative singular anemian, plural anemiaj, accusative plural anemiajn)
* anemic (in literal and figurative senses)
** (Can we date this quote?), Solomon Cins (translator), Kiel ŝtalo estis hardata (Как закалялась сталь / How the Steel was Tempered) by Nikolai Ostrovsky, Book 2, Chapter 9,
    Finiĝis vintro, printempo malfermis fenestrojn, kaj anemia Korĉagin, restinta viva post la lasta operacio, komprenis, ke plu resti en la kliniko li ne povas.Winter came to an end, spring opened windows, and the anemic Korchagin, having survived the last operation, understood that he could no longer remain at the clinic.
** 2003 October 1, Maurice Lemoine, “Promesitaj teroj de Venezuelo”, in Vilhelmo Lutermano, transl., Le Monde Diplomatique:Sur etaj unuhektaraj parceloj, kampuloj plantas anemian maizon kaj vivas de la Sankta Spirito.On little one-hectare plots, peasants plant anemic maize and live by the Holy Spirit.

## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English anemia), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑnemiɑ/, [ˈɑ̝ne̞ˌmiɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -iɑ
* Hyphenation: ane‧mia

### Noun

anemia
* anemia
    pernisiöösi anemia ― pernicious anemia

#### Declension

Possessive forms of anemia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
anemiani
anemiani
accusative
nom.
anemiani
anemiani
gen.
anemiani
genitive
anemiani
anemioideni anemioitteni anemiaini $^{rare}$
partitive
anemiaani
anemioitani
inessive
anemiassani
anemioissani
elative
anemiastani
anemioistani
illative
anemiaani
anemioihini
adessive
anemiallani
anemioillani
ablative
anemialtani
anemioiltani
allative
anemialleni
anemioilleni
essive
anemianani
anemioinani
translative
anemiakseni
anemioikseni
abessive
anemiattani
anemioittani
instructive
comitative
—anemioineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
anemiasi
anemiasi
accusative
nom.
anemiasi
anemiasi
gen.
anemiasi
genitive
anemiasi
anemioidesi anemioittesi anemiaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
anemiaasi
anemioitasi
inessive
anemiassasi
anemioissasi
elative
anemiastasi
anemioistasi
illative
anemiaasi
anemioihisi
adessive
anemiallasi
anemioillasi
ablative
anemialtasi
anemioiltasi
allative
anemiallesi
anemioillesi
essive
anemianasi
anemioinasi
translative
anemiaksesi
anemioiksesi
abessive
anemiattasi
anemioittasi
instructive
comitative
—anemioinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
anemiamme
anemiamme
accusative
nom.
anemiamme
anemiamme
gen.
anemiamme
genitive
anemiamme
anemioidemme anemioittemme anemiaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
anemiaamme
anemioitamme
inessive
anemiassamme
anemioissamme
elative
anemiastamme
anemioistamme
illative
anemiaamme
anemioihimme
adessive
anemiallamme
anemioillamme
ablative
anemialtamme
anemioiltamme
allative
anemiallemme
anemioillemme
essive
anemianamme
anemioinamme
translative
anemiaksemme
anemioiksemme
abessive
anemiattamme
anemioittamme
instructive
comitative
—anemioinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
anemianne
anemianne
accusative
nom.
anemianne
anemianne
gen.
anemianne
genitive
anemianne
anemioidenne anemioittenne anemiainne $^{rare}$
partitive
anemiaanne
anemioitanne
inessive
anemiassanne
anemioissanne
elative
anemiastanne
anemioistanne
illative
anemiaanne
anemioihinne
adessive
anemiallanne
anemioillanne
ablative
anemialtanne
anemioiltanne
allative
anemiallenne
anemioillenne
essive
anemiananne
anemioinanne
translative
anemiaksenne
anemioiksenne
abessive
anemiattanne
anemioittanne
instructive
comitative
—anemioinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
anemiansa
anemiansa
accusative
nom.
anemiansa
anemiansa
gen.
anemiansa
genitive
anemiansa
anemioidensa anemioittensa anemiainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
anemiaansa
anemioitaan anemioitansa
inessive
anemiassaan anemiassansa
anemioissaan anemioissansa
elative
anemiastaan anemiastansa
anemioistaan anemioistansa
illative
anemiaansa
anemioihinsa
adessive
anemiallaan anemiallansa
anemioillaan anemioillansa
ablative
anemialtaan anemialtansa
anemioiltaan anemioiltansa
allative
anemialleen anemiallensa
anemioilleen anemioillensa
essive
anemianaan anemianansa
anemioinaan anemioinansa
translative
anemiakseen anemiaksensa
anemioikseen anemioiksensa
abessive
anemiattaan anemiattansa
anemioittaan anemioittansa
instructive
comitative
—anemioineen anemioinensa :

#### Synonyms

* heikkoverisyys
* vähäverisyys

#### Derived terms

* maitoanemia
* megaloblastianemia
* raudanpuuteanemia
* sirppisoluanemia
* vuotoanemia

#### Related terms

* aneeminen
* aneemisuus

### Further reading

* “anemia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* aamein, aamien, meinaa

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch anemie, from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) +‎ -ia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈanemia̯], [ˈanemi]
* Hyphenation: ané‧mia

### Noun

anémia (plural anemia-anemia)
* (hematology, pathology) anemia

#### Derived terms

* anemia aplastik
* anemia defisiensi
* anemia defisiensi besi
* anemia gizi
* anemia gravis
* anemia hemolitik
* anemia hemolitik kongenital
* anemia hipoplastik
* anemia kronis
* anemia makrositik hiperkrom
* anemia megaloblastik
* anemia mikrositik
* anemia mikrositik normokromik
* anemia pernisiosa
* anemia pernisius
* anemia sel sabit
* anemia susu
* anemia tersembunyi

### Further reading

* “anemia” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Noun

anemia (plural anemias)
* anemia

#### Related terms

* anemic

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.neˈmi.a/
* Rhymes: -ia
* Hyphenation: a‧ne‧mì‧a

### Noun

anemia f (plural anemie)
* (pathology) anemia

#### Derived terms

* anemico

### Anagrams

* emanai

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía). By surface analysis, an- +‎ -emia. First attested in the 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈnɛ.mja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛmja
* Syllabification: a‧ne‧mia

### Noun

anemia f
* (pathology) anemia
    Synonym: niedokrwistość
    ciężka/silna anemia ― severe anemia
    zapobiegać anemii ― to prevent anemia
    leczyć anemię ― to treat anemia
    zwalczać anemii ― to combat anemia

#### Derived terms

* anemiczny
* anemicznie
* anemia aplastyczna
* anemia sierpowata
* anemiczka
* anemiczność
* anemik
* anemizacja

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “anemia”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “anemja”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

### Further reading

* anemia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* anemia in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “anemja”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 36
* anemia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.neˈmi.ɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.neˈmi.ɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.neˈmi.a/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.nɨˈmi.ɐ/
* Hyphenation: a‧ne‧mi‧a

### Noun

anemia f (plural anemias)
* (pathology) anemia (medical condition with decreased oxygen transport)

#### Related terms

* anémico/anêmico

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French anémier.

### Verb

a anemia (third-person singular present anemiează, past participle anemiat) 1st conjugation
* to make, or to become anemic

#### Conjugation
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈnemja/ [aˈne.mja]
* Rhymes: -emja
* Syllabification: a‧ne‧mia

### Noun

anemia f (plural anemias)
* (pathology) anemia

#### Derived terms

* anemia de células falciformes
* anemia de los mineros
* anemia del recién nacido
* anemia hemolítica
* anemia perniciosa
* anémico

### Further reading

* “anemia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from English anemia.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

anemia class IX (plural anemia class X)
* anemia