OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ukos
## Polish
### Etymology

From u- +‎ kosy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈu.kɔs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ukɔs
* Syllabification: u‧kos

### Noun

ukos m inan
* slant, bevel
    Synonym: skos

#### Derived terms

* ukośny
* na ukos
* ukosem
* ukośnie
* z ukosa

### Further reading

* ukos in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ukos in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# custom-built
## English
### Adjective

custom-built (not comparable)
* Built according to the specifications of a particular individual.
    Synonym: BTO
    Hypernym: custom
    Coordinate term: purpose-built

#### See also

* homebuilt
* jerry-built
* scratch-built
# custom-built
## English
### Adjective

custom-built (not comparable)
* Built according to the specifications of a particular individual.
    Synonym: BTO
    Hypernyms: custom-made, custom
    Coordinate term: purpose-built

#### See also

* homebuilt
* jerry-built
* scratch-built
# hoary rockrose
## English
### Noun

hoary rockrose (plural hoary rockroses)
* The flowering plant Helianthemum oelandicum.
    Synonym: rockcist
# custom-built
## English
### Adjective

custom-built (not comparable)
* Built according to the specifications of a particular individual.
    Synonym: BTO
    Hypernyms: custom-made, custom, bespoke
    Coordinate term: purpose-built

#### See also

* homebuilt
* jerry-built
* scratch-built
# custom-built
## English
### Adjective

custom-built (not comparable)
* Built according to the specifications of a particular individual.
    Synonym: BTO
    Hypernyms: custom-made, custom, bespoke; built, made
    Coordinate term: purpose-built

#### See also

* homebuilt
* jerry-built
* scratch-built
# pępek
## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pǫpъkъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɛm.pɛk/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA: /ˈpɛm.pɛk/
** (Kuyavia) IPA: /ˈpɛm.pɛk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛmpɛk
* Syllabification: pę‧pek
* Homophone: Pępek

### Noun

pępek m inan (diminutive pępuszek, related adjective pępkowy)
* (anatomy) navel
* (obsolete or dialectal, Chełmno) slippery jack (Suillus luteus)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:maślak
* (Kuyavia, figurative) last handful of grain harvested at harvest time
    urznąć pępek ― to cut off the last grain

#### Derived terms

* pępek świata

#### Descendants

* → Yiddish: פּעמפּיק (pempik)

### Further reading

* pępek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pępek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Józef Bliziński (1860) “pępek”, in Abecadłowy spis wyrazów języka ludowego w Kujawach i Galicyi Zachodniej (in Polish), Warszawa, page 628
* Oskar Kolberg (1867) “pępek”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 274
* Kazimierz Nitsch (1907) “pępek”, in “Dyalekty polskie Prus zachodnich”, in Materyały i Prace Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie (in Polish), volume 3, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 390
# denigrate
## English
### Etymology

From Latin dēnigrātus, the perfect passive participle of dēnigrō (“to blacken”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē + nigrō (“to blacken”) (from niger (“black”)). Cognate with Middle English denigart(e) (“darkened, discolored”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Verb

denigrate (third-person singular simple present denigrates, present participle denigrating, simple past and past participle denigrated)
* (transitive) To criticise so as to besmirch; traduce, disparage or defame.
** 1963 January, “Beyond the Channel: U.S.S.R.”, in Modern Railways, page 62:Although in public Soviet officials tend to denigrate the French electric locomotives imported recently, there is little doubt that lessons learnt from these engines will be incorporated in new Russian designs.
* (transitive) To treat as worthless; belittle, degrade or disparage.
    You have no right to denigrate people and things that you have no personal experience with.
* (rare) To blacken.

#### Derived terms

* denigration
* denigrator
* denigratory

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* “denigrate”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Anagrams

* gratineed, dinergate, tide range, antigreed, giant deer, giant reed, gratinéed

## Italian
### Verb

denigrate
* second-person plural present and imperative of denigrare

### Anagrams

* adergenti, gradiente

## Spanish
### Verb

denigrate
* second-person singular voseo imperative of denigrar combined with te
# eksipien
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, from Latin excipiēns, present participle of excipiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛk.si.ˈpi.ɛn/
* Rhymes: -ɛn
* Hyphenation: ek‧si‧pi‧en

### Noun

eksipien (plural eksipien-eksipien)
* (pharmacy) excipient: an ingredient that is intentionally added to a drug for purposes other than the therapeutic or diagnostic effect at the intended dosage

### Further reading

* “eksipien” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# buku teks pendamping
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of buku teks (“textbook”) +‎ pendamping.

### Noun

buku teks pendamping (plural buku-buku teks pendamping)
* (education) optional books containing material to expand, deepen and supplement the main material

### Further reading

* “buku teks pendamping” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kuntau
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Hokkien 拳頭／拳头 (kûn-thâu, “fist”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʊntau]
* Hyphenation: kun‧tau

### Noun

kuntau (uncountable)
* Chinese art of self-defense

### Further reading

* “kuntau” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pembangunan berkelanjutan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pembangunan +‎ berkelanjutan, calque of English sustainable development.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəm.ba.ˈŋʊn.an bər.kə.lan.ˈd͡ʒʊt.an/

### Noun

pembangunan berkelanjutan (plural pembangunan-pembangunan berkelanjutan)
* sustainable development: development which seeks to produce sustainable economic growth while ensuring future generations' ability to do the same by not exceeding the regenerative capacity of nature
    Synonym: pembangunan berkesinambungan

#### Synonyms

* pembangunan mampan (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “pembangunan berkelanjutan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pemerintah agung
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pemerintah +‎ agung, probably calque of Dutch rijksregering.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.məˌrin.tah ˈa.ɡuŋ/, [pə.məˌrin.t̪ah ˈa.ɡʊŋ]

### Noun

pemerintah agung (plural pemerintah-pemerintah agung)
* (government, historical) central government
    Synonym: pemerintah pusat

#### Alternative forms

* pemerintah agoeng (1901–1947)
# pemilu
## Indonesian
### Noun

pemilu (plural pemilu-pemilu)
* (government, politics) Acronym of pemilihan umum (“general election”).

### Further reading

* “pemilu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pemkot
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəmˈkɔt̚/
* Hyphenation: pêm‧kot

### Noun

pêmkot (plural pemkot-pemkot)
* (government) acronym of pemerintah kota (“city government”).
# penadbiran
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* pertadbiran

### Etymology

Affixed tadbir +‎ peng- -an. Cognate of Malay pentadbiran.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pənat̚ˈbɪran]
* Hyphenation: pe‧nad‧bir‧an

### Noun

pênadbiran (plural penadbiran-penadbiran)
* (rare) administration, governance
    Synonyms: administrasi, governansi, manajemen, pemerintahan, pengelolaan, tata kelola, tata laksana, tata usaha

### Further reading

* “penadbiran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# penanaman
## Indonesian
### Etymology

tanam +‎ peng- -an

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pənaˈnaman]

### Noun

penanaman (plural penanaman-penanaman)
* planting, cropping
* investing
* instilling, placing
* burying

#### Hyponyms

* penanaman baru
* penanaman kembali
* penanaman modal

### Further reading

* “penanaman” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pendiam
## Galician
### Verb

pendiam
* (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural imperfect indicative of pender

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From peng- +‎ diam.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pənˈdi.am/
* Hyphenation: pên‧di‧am
* Rhymes: -am, -m

### Adjective

pendiam
* quiet person
    Antonym: cerewet
    Pria tampan yang pendiam.Quiet handsome man.

## Malay
### Adjective

pendiam
* quiet

## Portuguese
### Verb

pendiam
* third-person plural imperfect indicative of pender
# pengembalian investasi
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.ŋəm.baˌli.an in.vɛsˈta.si/, [pə.ŋəm.baˌli.an in.fɛsˈt̪a.si]

### Noun

pêngêmbalian invèstasi (plural pengembalian-pengembalian investasi)
* (finance) return on investment
    Synonym: balik modal

#### Synonyms

* pulangan pelaburan (Standard Malay)
# pengaya
## Indonesian
### Etymology

peng- +‎ kaya, literally "something used to enrich", "enricher".

### Noun

pengaya (plural pengaya-pengaya)
* enricher, enhancer, supplementer
    Synonyms: pelengkap, penambah
    Materi ini bisa digunakan sebagai pengaya bahan ajar.
       This content can be used as a supplement to teaching materials.
* (computing) add-on, plug-in

#### Related terms

* pengayaan
* kaya
* mengayakan
* memperkaya
* kekayaan
# pengemasan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From kemas +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəŋəˈmasan]

### Noun

pengemasan (plural pengemasan-pengemasan)
* packaging: the act of packing something

### Further reading

* “pengemasan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pengupasan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

kupas +‎ peng- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pə.ŋuˈpa.san/, [pə.ŋuˈpa.san]

### Noun

pêngurasan (plural pengupasan-pengupasan)
* striping
    pengupasan tanah penutup ― overburden stripping

### Further reading

* “pengupasan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# peraturan pemerintah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of peraturan (“law”) +‎ pemerintah (“government (executive)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pərˈatʊran pəməˈrɪntah/

### Noun

peraturan pemerintah (plural peraturan-peraturan pemerintah)
* (law) central government administrative law

### Further reading

* “peraturan pemerintah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perdamaian
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed damai +‎ per- -an, from Malay perdamaian.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /pərdaˈmajan/ [pər.daˈma.jan]
* Rhymes: -ajan
* Syllabification: per‧da‧mai‧an

### Noun

perdamaian (plural perdamaian-perdamaian)
* peace
    Synonym: kesentosaan
* reconciliation
    Synonyms: penyesuaian, persetujuan
* pacification
    Synonyms: pasifikasi, penenangan, penyebaran
* (law) homologation, ratification by a recognized authority for such matters as a bankrupcy agreement or the execution of a legal transaction
    Synonym: homologasi

### Further reading

* “perdamaian” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perekaman
## Indonesian
### Etymology

rekam +‎ per- -an

### Noun

perekaman (plural perekaman-perekaman)
* recording

### Further reading

* “perekaman” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perguruan tinggi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of perguruan (“school”) +‎ tinggi (“high”), calque of Dutch hogeschool.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərɡuˈruan ˈtiŋɡi]

### Noun

perguruan tinggi (plural perguruan-perguruan tinggi)
* (education) higher education institution; post-secondary education institution
** 1956, Prof. Drs. Soeparwi, Laporan Lengkap Seminar Ilmu Kebudajaan diselenggarakan oleh Universitas Gadjah Mada, Universitas Gadjah Mada, page 58:Kemudian saya berunding dengan Prof. Sardjito ; lalu di Klaten dibuka Perguruan Tinggi Kedokteran Hewan ; dengan begitu di Klaten ada 3 buah Perguruan Tinggi, jang dilahirkan dalam kantjah Revolusi.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Alternative forms

* perti (acronyms)
* PT (initialism)

#### Synonyms

* institusi pengajian tinggi (IPT) (Standard Malay)

#### Hyponyms

* perguruan tinggi negeri (PTN)
* perguruan tinggi swasta (PTS)
* akademi
* akademi komunitas
* institut
* politeknik
* sekolah tinggi
* universitas

### References

* ↑ Carr, Denzel (1958) “Some Problems Arising from Linguistic Eleutheromania”, in The Journal of Asian Studies‎, volume 17, number 2, →DOI, pages 207-214

### Further reading

* “perguruan tinggi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# perlindungan masyarakat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of perlindungan (“protection”) +‎ masyarakat (“society”), calque of Dutch bescherming bevolking (“civil defense”, literally “protection of society”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pərlɪnˈdʊŋan maʃaˈrakat̚/

### Noun

perlindungan masyarakat (plural perlindungan-perlindungan masyarakat)
* civil defence, civil defense

#### Usage notes

The term replaced pertahanan sipil at 2014 as the function is expanded from military-related defense issue into comprehensive local civilian order and security.

#### Alternative forms

* linmas
# perpuluhan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed puluh +‎ per- -an, calque of Hebrew מַעֲשֵׂר (ma'aser, “tithe”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərpuˈlʊhan]

### Noun

perpuluhan (plural perpuluhan-perpuluhan)
* (Christianity) tithe: a contribution to one's religious community or congregation of worship
    Synonym: persepuluhan

### Further reading

* “perpuluhan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Affixation of puluh +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [pə(r).pu.lo.han]
* (Baku) IPA: [pər.pu.lo.han]
* Hyphenation: per‧pu‧luh‧an

### Adjective

perpuluhan (Jawi spelling ڤرڤولوهن)
* (arithmetic, computing) Decimal or base-ten.
    Synonyms: desimal, persepuluhan
    angka perpuluhan ― decimal number

#### Compounds

* angka perpuluhan
* digit perpuluhan
* perpuluhan berakhir
* perpuluhan berulang
* perpuluhan penuh
* tempat perpuluhan
* titik perpuluhan

### Noun

perpuluhan (Jawi spelling ڤرڤولوهن)
* (arithmetic) A decimal point or just point (when reading decimal fractions aloud).
    Synonym: poin
    10.5 (10 perpuluhan 5) ― 10.5 (10 point 5)

### Further reading

* “perpuluhan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# 대화하다
## Korean
### Etymology

대화(對話) (daehwa, “conversation”) +‎ -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈtɛ(ː)βwa̠ɦa̠da̠] ~ [ˈte̞(ː)βwa̠ɦa̠da̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [대(ː)화하다/데(ː)화하다]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Verb

대화하다 • (daehwahada) (infinitive 대화해 or 대화하여, sequential 대화하니)
* (intransitive) to converse; to make conversation
    철수와 영희는 밤새도록 대화하고 있었다.Cheolsu-wa Yeonghui-neun bamsaedorok daehwahago isseotda.Cheol-Soo and Young-Hui were making conversation all night long.
# perundang-undangan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed undang-undang +‎ per- -an.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pərʊndaŋʊnˈdaŋan/

### Noun

perundang-undangan (plural perundang-undangan-perundang-undangan)
* (law) legislation: law which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body
    Synonyms: aturan, legislasi, peraturan, reglemen, regulasi, undang-undang

### Adjective

perundang-undangan
* legislative
    Synonym: legislatif

### Further reading

* “perundang-undangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pesanan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

pesan +‎ -an

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəˈsanan]

### Noun

pesanan (plural pesanan-pesanan)
* reservation: something that is withheld or kept back
    Synonym: tempahan (Standard Malay)
* order: a request for some product or service; a commission to purchase, sell, or supply goods

### Further reading

* “pesanan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

pesan +‎ -an

### Noun

pesanan (Jawi spelling ڤسنن, plural pesanan-pesanan, informal 1st possessive pesananku, 2nd possessive pesananmu, 3rd possessive pesanannya)
* message

### Further reading

* “pesanan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# petang
## Iban
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pətəŋ

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəteaŋ/

### Adjective

petang
* dark

#### Derived terms

* pemetang

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay petang (“afternoon”), from Proto-Malayic *pətəŋ (literally “dark, obscure”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pətəŋ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəˈtaŋ]
* Hyphenation: pê‧tang

### Noun

pêtang (plural petang-petang)
* evening: the time of the day between dusk and night, when it gets dark
    Synonym: sore

#### Derived terms

* kepetangan
* memetang-metangkan
* pemetang-metang
* petang-petang
* sepetang-petangan

### References

* ↑ Adelaar, K. A. (1992) Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology‎, Canberra: The Australian National University

### Further reading

* “petang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Karao
### Adjective

petang
* hot

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pətəŋ, compare Javanese peteng.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pətaŋ/
* Rhymes: -ətaŋ, -taŋ, -aŋ
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)

### Noun

petang (Jawi spelling ڤتڠ, plural petang-petang, informal 1st possessive petangku, 2nd possessive petangmu, 3rd possessive petangnya)
* afternoon (part of the day between noon and evening)

#### Synonyms

* sore / سوري

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: pêtang

### Further reading

* “petang” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# petis
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈpɛ.tis]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈpə.tis]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈpe.tis]

### Verb

petis
* second-person singular present subjunctive of petar

## Esperanto
### Verb

petis
* past of peti

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦥꦼꦠꦶꦱ꧀ (petis), probably form Old Javanese pa- +‎ tis, tes (“drop”). Cognate of Tagalog patis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pəˈtɪs/
* Rhymes: -tɪs, -ɪs, -s
* Hyphenation: pê‧tis

### Noun

pêtis (plural petis-petis)
* (cooking) black-coloured shrimp paste

### Further reading

* “petis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Verb

petis
* second-person singular present active indicative of petō
# gabapentina
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡabapenˈtina/ [ɡa.β̞a.pẽn̪ˈt̪i.na]
* Rhymes: -ina
* Syllabification: ga‧ba‧pen‧ti‧na

### Noun

gabapentina f (uncountable)
* (medicine) gabapentin
# PHK
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [peˈhaka]

### Noun

PHK (plural PHK-PHK)
* initialism of pemutusan hubungan kerja (“termination of employment, separation of employment”).
# pinjol
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Blend of pinjaman +‎ online.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɪnd͡ʒɔl]
* Hyphenation: pin‧jol

### Noun

pinjol (plural pinjol-pinjol)
* (colloquial, finance) acronym of pinjaman online (“online lending”), synonym of pinjaman daring

#### Usage notes

Online lending apps in Indonesia are actually loan sharks (rentenir).

### References

* ↑ Gen Z and Millennials Threatened with Civil “Death” due to Online “Loan Shark” Debt Trap
# pirang
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* perang

### Etymology

Inherited from Malay pérang (“brown”), possibly from Persian افرنگ (“Frank, any white European”), from Old French franc. Doublet of Prancis (“French”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpiraŋ]
* Hyphenation: pi‧rang

### Adjective

pirang
* blond, of a pale yellowish (golden brown) color
    Synonyms: merah kecoklatan, merah kekuningan
    pirang:

### Further reading

* “pirang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *piraŋ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [piˈɾãŋ]
* Rhymes: -ãŋ
* Hyphenation: pi‧rang

### Adjective

pirang (noun form piranga)
* red

#### Derived terms

* mopirang
* obapirang
* obapiranga
* piranga

#### See also

Colors in Old Tupi (layout · text) :
| Nouns | piranga | îuba, tagûá (LGA) | oby | obyeté | *umbyka | morotinga, tinga | una, pyxuna (LGA) | tingaíba, pytanga / pyxanga |
| Adjectives | pirang | îub, tagûá (LGA) | oby | obyeté | *umbyk | moroting, ting | un, pyxun (LGA) | tingaíb, pytang / pyxang |

### References

* ↑ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (2000 March 17) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais‎ (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC

### Further reading

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “piranga”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 386, columns 1–2
# PJL
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pe.d͡ʒe.ɛl/

### Noun

PJL (plural PJL-PJL)
* (road transport) Initialism of penerangan jalan lingkungan (literally “neighborhood road lightning”).
* (rail transport) Initialism of penjaga jalan lintasan.
# PKL
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peˈkaɛl/

### Noun

PKL (plural PKL-PKL)
* (education) Initialism of praktik kerja lapangan.
* (business) Initialism of pedagang kaki lima (“hawker, street vendor”).