# 大人
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dàrén
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дажын (dařɨn, III-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ jan$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thai-ngìn
    (Hailu, HRS): tai$^˖$ ngin
* Eastern Min (BUC): duâi-nè̤ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tōa-lâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dua$^7$ nang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$du-gnin$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàrén → dàren (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ → ㄉㄚˋ ˙ㄖㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàre̊n
*** Wade–Giles: ta$^4$-jên$^5$
*** Yale: dà-ren
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dah.ren
*** Palladius: дажэнь (dažɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/ → /tä⁵¹ ʐən¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$大人 大仁
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дажын (dařɨn, III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ta⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: daaih yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² jɐn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$大人 大仁
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai-ngìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: tai ngin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tai$^4$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tai$^˖$ ngin
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰai³³ ŋin⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: duâi-nè̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōa-lâng
*** Tâi-lô: tuā-lâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doaxlaang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tua²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tua⁴¹⁻²² laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tua²²⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tua³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tua³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dua$^7$ nang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tuā nâng
*** Sinological IPA : /tua¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$du-gnin$_6$
*** MiniDict: du$^去$ nyin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$du-nyin$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /du²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

#### Noun

大人
* adult; grown-up
       Wànshèngjié zhuāngbàn bùshì dàrén de zhuānlì, nàxiē pāi mén tǎo tángguǒ de xiǎohái zhuāngbàn yě kěyǐ shífēn chūsè! [Pinyin]
       Halloween costumes are not just for adults - the costumes of children who ask for candy can also be extraordinary!
    轉大人／转大人 [Hokkien] ― tńg tāi-jîn [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to grow up into an adult

##### Synonyms

* 成人 (chéngrén)
* 成年人 (chéngniánrén)
* 成年者 (chéngniánzhě)

##### Antonyms

* 囡仔人 (Hokkien)
* 未成年人 (wèichéngniánrén)
* 未成年者 (wèichéngniánzhě)

### Etymology 2
#### address towards Japanese officials; "police officer"

    Borrowed from Japanese 大人 (taijin), from Chinese 大人 (dàrén).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dàrén
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дажын (dařɨn, III-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ jan$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thai-ngìn
    (Hailu, HRS): tai$^˖$ ngin
* Eastern Min (BUC): duâi-ìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tāi-lîn / tāi-jîn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dua$^7$ nang$^5$ / dai$^6$ ring$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$da-zen$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàrén → dàren (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ → ㄉㄚˋ ˙ㄖㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàre̊n
*** Wade–Giles: ta$^4$-jên$^5$
*** Yale: dà-ren
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dah.ren
*** Palladius: дажэнь (dažɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/ → /tä⁵¹ ʐən¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$大人 大仁
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дажын (dařɨn, III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ta⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: daaih yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² jɐn²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$大人 大仁
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai-ngìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: tai ngin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tai$^4$ ngin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tai$^˖$ ngin
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰai³³ ŋin⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: duâi-ìng
*** Sinological IPA : /tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ iŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-lîn
*** Tâi-lô: tāi-lîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daixliin
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁴¹⁻²² lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /tai²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tai³³⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-jîn
*** Tâi-lô: tāi-jîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daixjiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai³³⁻²¹ zin²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai²²⁻²¹ d͡zin¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dua$^7$ nang$^5$ / dai$^6$ ring$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tuā nâng / tăi jîng
*** Sinological IPA : /tua¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/, /tai³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$da-zen$_6$
*** MiniDict: da$^去$ zen$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$da-zen$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /da²² zən⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dajH|daH nyin
Rime :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 歌 (94) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | III |
| Fanqie | 徒蓋切 | 唐佐切 | 如鄰切 |
| Baxter | dajH | daH | nyin |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ȵiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ȵin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ȵʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daj$^H$/ | /da$^H$/ | /ȵin/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ȵiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ȵʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑi$^H$/ | /dʱɑ$^H$/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài | duò | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daai$^6$ | do$^6$ | jan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤat-s|lˤa[t]-s ni[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːds njin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dà | dà | rén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ da$^H$ › | ‹ daj$^H$ › | ‹ nyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁat-s/ (MC F!) | /*lˁa[t]-s/ | /*ni[ŋ]/ |
| English | big | big | (other) person |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 人 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1934 | 1939 | 10800 |
| Phonetic component | 大 | 大 | 人 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 祭 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䭾 | 大 | 仁 |
| Old Chinese | /*daːds/ | /*daːds/ | /*njin/ |

#### Noun

大人
* (archaic) person of high rank (such as a ruler or noble)
    Antonym: 小人 (xiǎorén)
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Mèngzǐ yuē: “Shuō dàrén, zé miǎo zhī, wù shì qí wēiwēi rán.......” [Pinyin]
    Mencius said, "When one counsels a powerful man one must view him as very small and ignore his grandeur. [...]"
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
    Gù jiān zhě shèngwáng zhī dào yě, wánggōngdàrén zhī suǒyǐ ān yě, wànmín yīshí zhī suǒyǐ zú yě. [Pinyin]
    Therefore, inclusivity is really the way of the sage-kings. It is what gives peace to the kings, nobles, and magnates and sustenance to the people.
* (honorific) Your Excellency; His Excellency (form of address to a higher-up)
    Synonym: 閣下 / 阁下 (géxià)
    法官大人 ― fǎguān dàrén ― Your Honour
* (literary) form of address to one's parents or elder members of the family
* (historical, Taiwanese Hokkien and Japanese-occupied Shantou Teochew) An address used by ordinary citizens to address Japanese occupation officials: sir
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, dated or regional) police officer
* (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien, religion) paper person, used as a scapegoat

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 警察, 警官, 警員 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 警察, 雷子 argot |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 警察 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 警察 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 警察 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 警察 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 警察 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 警察, 馬打 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 警察, 馬打 dated |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 警察 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 警察 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 民警 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 警察 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 警察 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 警察 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 警察 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 警察 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 警察 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 警察 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 警察 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 警察 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 警察 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 警察 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 警察 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 警察 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 警察 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 警察 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 警察 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 警察 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 警察, 警士 dated, 警士先生 dated face-to-face, 貓菜 dated nickname |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 警察 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 警察 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 警察, 警伯 playful |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 警察, 走狗 argot |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 警察 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 警察 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 警察 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 警察 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 警察 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 警察 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 警察 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 警察 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 警察 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 警察, 差人, 差佬 male, 老二 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 警察, 差人, 阿Sir male, madam female, 差佬 male, slightly derogatory, 差婆 female, slightly derogatory, 警犬 derogatory, 狗 derogatory, 龜 derogatory, 老更 dated |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 警察 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 阿Sir, 差佬 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 警察, 差佬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 警察, 公安 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 警察, 公安, 差佬 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 警察 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 馬打 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 馬打 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 公安, 綠衣, 警察 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 警察, 公安 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 警察 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 警察 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 警察 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 警察 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 警察 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 警察 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 巡查, 警察 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 警察 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 巡查 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 警察 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 警察 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 警察 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 警察, 小對子 dated |
| Jin | Linhe | 警察 |
| Jin | Jining | 警察 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 警察 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 警察 |
| Jin | Handan | 警察 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 警察 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 警察 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 警察 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 警察, 馬打 dated, 烏跤 dated, derogatory |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 警察 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 警察, 烏跤 dated, derogatory |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 大人 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 警察 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 警察 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 警察 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 巡查 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 警察 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 大人, 賊頭 GT, derogatory |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 警察 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 馬打 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 大人 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 馬打 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 馬打, 大狗 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 兵, 警察, 臭兵 derogatory |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 警察 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 警察 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 警察 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 馬打 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 馬打, 大狗, 大狗兄 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 馬打 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 警察 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 警察 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 警察, 差佬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 警察 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 警察, 黑貓警長, 黑貓, 老貓 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 警察 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 警察 |
| Wu | Danyang | 警察 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 警察, 警察爛眼 derogatory |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 警察 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 警察 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 警察 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 警察 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
* (paper person): (Hokkien) 魂身

##### Derived terms

* 大人不計小人過 / 大人不计小人过 (dàrén bùjì xiǎorén guò)
* 大人不記小人過 / 大人不记小人过 (dàrén bù jì xiǎorén guò)
* 大人有大量 (dàrén yǒu dàliàng)
* 洋大人 (yángdàrén)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 大人(たいじん) (taijin); 大人(だいにん) (dainin)
* → Korean: 대인(大人) (daein)
* → Vietnamese: đại nhân (大人)

### References

* 陈业建 (2015 December 20) “抗战时期潮人的特殊口语”, in 汕头特区晚报‎
* “大人”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 人 |
| おとな ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun ||
Appears in sources from the Heian period. Derivation unknown.

#### Alternative forms

* 乙名 (only for the "leader" senses)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おとな [òtóná] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [o̞to̞na̠]

#### Noun

大人(おとな) • (otona)
* an adult, a grown-up
    大人(おとな)（へ）の階(かい)段(だん)をのぼる
       otona (e) no kaidan o noboru
       to ascend the staircase of (/towards) [being an] adult: to mature
** 2010 December 8, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)三(さん)百(びゃく)二(に)十(じゅう)二(に)訓(くん)　二(に)度(ど)あることは三(さん)度(ど)ある [Lesson 322: Twice, Thrice That There Are]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) [Silver Soul], volume 37 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
    まずはこのローションをかぶってだなちょっと待(ま)てぇぇぇ‼　それどこの大人(おとな)のプールぅ⁉
       Mazu wa kono rōshon o kabutte da na
       First we slap on some lotion
       Chotto mateeee‼ Sore doko no otona no pūrū⁉
       Hold o-o-o-on!! Are you tryna turn this place into an adult pool!?
* (uncommon, possibly archaic) a leader:
** an elder of a group or community
** in the late Muromachi period, the representative of a village or guild
** the head lady-in-waiting
** one's wife
** in the Edo period, a kind of civil servant working in Nagasaki
** the head servant

#### Adjective

大人(おとな) • (otona) -na (adnominal 大人(おとな)な (otona na), adverbial 大人(おとな)に (otona ni))
* mature; grown-up
    大人(おとな)な感(かん)じのお店(みせ)
       otona na kanji no o-mise
       shop that has a mature atmosphere
    大人(おとな)な対(たい)応(おう)
       otona na taiō
       mature response to the situation
* adult; sexual

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 人 |
| うし ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun ||
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki, completed in 720 CE. Derivation unknown.

#### Alternative forms

* 卿

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うし [úꜜshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

大人(うし) • (ushi)
* (honorific) a lord, a landowner
* an honorific form of reference for a scholar or teacher, or one's own father
* an honorific form of reference for the addressee

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 人 |
| たい Grade: 1 | じん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 大人 (dɑi$^H$ ȵʑjen, literally “big, great + person”). Compare modern Cantonese reading daai$^6$ jan$^4$, Hokkien tāi-jîn.
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たいじん [tàíjíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ta̠iʑĩɴ]

#### Noun

大(たい)人(じん) • (taijin)
* a large person
* a giant
* an adult
* a person of high rank, a ruler or noble
* an honorific form of reference for a scholar or teacher, or one's own parent
* a daimyo

##### Synonyms

* (giant): 巨(きょ)人(じん) (kyojin)
* (ruler): 君(くん)主(しゅ) (kunshu)
* (noble): 貴(き)人(じん) (kijin)
* (mother): お母(かあ)さん (okāsan)
* (father): お父(とう)さん (otōsan)
* (daimyo): 大(だい)名(みょう) (daimyō)

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 人 |
| だい Grade: 1 | にん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 大人 (dɑi$^H$ ȵiɪn, literally “big, great + person”). Compare modern Hakka reading thai-ngìn.
The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) だいにん [dàíníń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [da̠iɲ̟ĩɴ]

#### Noun

大(だい)人(にん) • (dainin)
* an adult, a grown-up
* (Buddhism) the Buddhas and bodhisattvas

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 大 | 人 |

### Noun

大人 • (daein) (hangeul 대인)
* hanja form of 대인 (“adult”)

## Okinawan

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 人 |
| うふ Grade: 1 | っちゅ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Ryukyuan *opopito.
From 大 (ufu-, “big”) +‎ 人 (tchu, “person”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔuɸutt͡ɕu/

#### Noun

大(うふ)人(っちゅ) (ufutchu)
* adult
    大(うふ)人(っちゅ)ぬ配(くば)い
       ufutchu nu kubai
       treatment of an adult

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 人 |
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 |
| irregular ||
Cognate with Japanese 大人 (otona). Presumably a borrowing, as no other Ryukyuan cognates exist.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔutuna/

#### Noun

大人(うとぅな) (utuna)
* (literary) adult
    一(いち)のかいぢ二(に)かいぢ読(よ)でど遊(あす)びゆたる何時(いつ)の間(ま)に里(さと)や大人(おとな)なたが
       ichi nu keji ni ni keji yudidu ashibyutaru ichi nu ma ni satu ya utuna nataga
       You used to play around by [counting stones and] counting one to two times, but when is the time that you have become an adult?

### References

* “うふっちゅ【大人】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
* “ウフッチュ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).$^{(permanentdeadlink)}$
* “ウトゥナ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).$^{(permanentdeadlink)}$

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 大 | 人 |

### Noun

大人
* chữ Hán form of đại nhân (“noble man”).