# budak
## Dupaningan Agta
### Noun

budak
* flower

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay budak (“child”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗik, *ɗiik, *ɗiək (“slave”). The sense of slave is reinforced by Javanese ꦧꦸꦝꦏ꧀ (budhak, “slave”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈbudaʔ/ [ˈbu.daʔ], /ˈbudak/ [ˈbu.dak̚]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -udaʔ, -udak
* Syllabification: bu‧dak

### Noun

budak (plural)
* slave
    Synonyms: antek, hamba
* (obsolete, mainly found in dialectal use) child
    Synonym: anak

#### Usage notes

* The word is part of partial false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay budak.
* The sense "child", which is the meaning in Standard Malay can be found in regional speech such as the Indonesian of Riau Malay speech. However, the sense of child is obsolete in standard Indonesian.

#### Derived terms

* berbudak-budak
* kebudak-budakan
* membudak
* membudakkan
* memperbudak
* pembudakan
* perbudakan
* budak belian
* budak cinta
* budak dalam

### Further reading

* “budak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Maguindanao
### Noun

budak
* mythological horse having the head of a human; a beautiful woman with long hair and beautiful wings

## Malay
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗik, *ɗiik, *ɗiək (“slave”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /budak/
* Rhymes: -udak, -dak, -ak
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [budäʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ

### Noun

budak (Jawi spelling بودق, plural budak-budak, informal 1st possessive budakku, 2nd possessive budakmu, 3rd possessive budaknya)
* (Malaysia, Singapore, Riau, Sumatra) young person; child
    Synonyms: anak, kanak-kanak, bocah
* (archaic, mainly in Indonesia) slave
    Synonyms: hamba, abdi
** 1849, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, Hikayat Abdullah, page 250:Adapun barang siapa yang hendak membeli budak-budak itu, maka dibukakannya tubuhnya dan berbagai-bagai lakunya, dengan tiada menaruh kasihan barang sedikit jua pun.He whosoever wants to purchase the slaves take [clothing] off their bodies and do many things upon them with not even a little mercy.

#### Usage notes

The word is part of partial false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian budak.

#### Derived terms

* memperbudakkan

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: budak

### References

* Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Melayu Riau, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1997, →ISBN, page 13
* Kamus Melayu Sumatera Utara-Indonesia, Balai Bahasa Sumatera Utara Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa Republik Indonesia, 2018, →ISBN, page 140
* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “بودق boedak”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek‎, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 63
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “بودق budak”, in A Malay-English dictionary‎, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 127
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “budak”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised)‎, volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 158

### Further reading

* “budak” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Sundanese
### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗik, *ɗiik, *ɗiək (“slave”).

### Noun

budak
* young person; child
    Synonyms: anak, putra (male) / putri (female)
** c. 16th century, Carita Parahiyangan:"Rababu leumpang! Ku siya bwatkeun budak éta ka Rahiyangtang Mandiminyak. Anteurkeun patemuan siya Sang Salahtwah!"Go, Rababu! Bring that child with you to Rahiyangtang Mandiminyak! Send him your bastard, Sang Salahtwah (the mistake)!

#### Descendants

* Sundanese: budak

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بوداق (budak).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bûdaːk/
* Hyphenation: bu‧dak

### Noun

bȕdāk m (Cyrillic spelling бу̏да̄к)
* pickax, mattock

#### Declension
### References

* “budak”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Sundanese
### Etymology

From Old Sundanese budak, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗik, *ɗiik, *ɗiək (“slave”). Word and sense related to Malay budak.

### Noun

budak (Sundanese script ᮘᮥᮓᮊ᮪, plural barudak)
* young person; child; kid
    Synonym: murangkalih
    Kunaon éta budak teu indit ka sakola?Why didn't that kid go to school?

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بوداق (budak, “shoot in a tree; gnarl”), from Proto-Turkic *būtak, a development of *būta- (“to cut branches, prune”).

### Noun

budak (definite accusative budağı, plural budaklar)
* (botany) shoot, the emerging stem and embryonic leaves of a new plant
* gnarl, a knot in the wood or a protuberance with twisted grain on a tree

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
budak
budaklar
definite accusative
budağı
budakları
dative
budağa
budaklara
locative
budakta
budaklarda
ablative
budaktan
budaklardan
genitive
budağın
budakların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
budağım
budaklarım
2nd singular
budağın
budakların
3rd singular
budağı
budakları
1st plural
budağımız
budaklarımız
2nd plural
budağınız
budaklarınız
3rd plural
budakları
budakları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
budağımı
budaklarımı
2nd singular
budağını
budaklarını
3rd singular
budağını
budaklarını
1st plural
budağımızı
budaklarımızı
2nd plural
budağınızı
budaklarınızı
3rd plural
budaklarını
budaklarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
budağıma
budaklarıma
2nd singular
budağına
budaklarına
3rd singular
budağına
budaklarına
1st plural
budağımıza
budaklarımıza
2nd plural
budağınıza
budaklarınıza
3rd plural
budaklarına
budaklarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
budağımda
budaklarımda
2nd singular
budağında
budaklarında
3rd singular
budağında
budaklarında
1st plural
budağımızda
budaklarımızda
2nd plural
budağınızda
budaklarınızda
3rd plural
budaklarında
budaklarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
budağımdan
budaklarımdan
2nd singular
budağından
budaklarından
3rd singular
budağından
budaklarından
1st plural
budağımızdan
budaklarımızdan
2nd plural
budağınızdan
budaklarınızdan
3rd plural
budaklarından
budaklarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
budağımın
budaklarımın
2nd singular
budağının
budaklarının
3rd singular
budağının
budaklarının
1st plural
budağımızın
budaklarımızın
2nd plural
budağınızın
budaklarınızın
3rd plural
budaklarının
budaklarının :

#### Derived terms

* budak deliği
* budak özü
* budaklamak
* budaklanmak
* budaklı
* budaksız
* dişbudak

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “budak”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 683
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “budak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük