OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# salip
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unknown, possibly from Arabic صَلِيب (ṣalīb, “cross”) with semantic loan from English cross (“to pass”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈsalip/ [ˈsa.lɪp]
* Rhymes: -alip
* Syllabification: sa‧lip
* Homophone: salib

### Verb

salip
* (colloquial) to overtake, to pass a more slowly moving object or entity
    Synonym: dahului

#### Derived terms

* bersalip-salipan
* menyalip
* penyalip
* tersalip

### Further reading

* “salip” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Romanian
### Noun

salip n (plural salipuri)
* Alternative form of salep

#### Declension
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish صليب (salib), from Arabic صَلِيب (ṣalīb).

### Noun

salip (definite accusative salibi, plural salipler)
* cross, crucifix
    Synonym: haç

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
salip
salipler
definite accusative
salibi
salipleri
dative
salibe
saliplere
locative
salipte
saliplerde
ablative
salipten
saliplerden
genitive
salibin
saliplerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
salibim
saliplerim
2nd singular
salibin
saliplerin
3rd singular
salibi
salipleri
1st plural
salibimiz
saliplerimiz
2nd plural
salibiniz
salipleriniz
3rd plural
salipleri
salipleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
salibimi
saliplerimi
2nd singular
salibini
saliplerini
3rd singular
salibini
saliplerini
1st plural
salibimizi
saliplerimizi
2nd plural
salibinizi
saliplerinizi
3rd plural
saliplerini
saliplerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
salibime
saliplerime
2nd singular
salibine
saliplerine
3rd singular
salibine
saliplerine
1st plural
salibimize
saliplerimize
2nd plural
salibinize
saliplerinize
3rd plural
saliplerine
saliplerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
salibimde
saliplerimde
2nd singular
salibinde
saliplerinde
3rd singular
salibinde
saliplerinde
1st plural
salibimizde
saliplerimizde
2nd plural
salibinizde
saliplerinizde
3rd plural
saliplerinde
saliplerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
salibimden
saliplerimden
2nd singular
salibinden
saliplerinden
3rd singular
salibinden
saliplerinden
1st plural
salibimizden
saliplerimizden
2nd plural
salibinizden
saliplerinizden
3rd plural
saliplerinden
saliplerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
salibimin
saliplerimin
2nd singular
salibinin
saliplerinin
3rd singular
salibinin
saliplerinin
1st plural
salibimizin
saliplerimizin
2nd plural
salibinizin
saliplerinizin
3rd plural
saliplerinin
saliplerinin :
# saluran pelanggan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of saluran (“channel”) +‎ pelanggan (“customer”).

### Noun

saluran pelanggan (plural saluran-saluran pelanggan)
* (telecommunications) customer channel: any method or platform used to interact with consumers

### Further reading

* “saluran pelanggan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# sampel terikat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of sampel +‎ terikat.

### Noun

sampel terikat (plural sampel-sampel terikat)
* (statistics) dependent sample: a set of data where the values are paired, meaning each value in one sample is related to a specific value in another sample
    Synonym: sampel dependen

### Further reading

* “sampel terikat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# sampir
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay sampir (“upper part of kris sheath”), from Javanese ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦂ (sampir, “scarf-like cloth worn over the shoulder; shoulder”), from Old Javanese sampir (“scarf, shawl”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sampir (“a type of head cloth”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsampɪr/
* Hyphenation: sam‧pir

### Noun

sampir (uncountable)
* the upper part of kris sheath

### Verb

sampir
* base of menyampirkan (“to hang”)

#### Derived terms

* bersampiran
* menyampirkan
* sampiran
* tersampir

### Further reading

* “sampir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# sandar
## English
### Noun

sandar (plural sandars)
* Alternative form of sandur

### Anagrams

* NARSAD, Randas, Sandra, nasard, sardan

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese sãar, from Latin sānāre (“heal, restore”). For the evolution -ãar > -andar, compare achandar, debandar, rebandar.
Cognate with Portuguese sarar and Spanish sanar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /san.ˈdaɾ/

### Verb

sandar (first-person singular present sando, first-person singular preterite sandei, past participle sandado)
* (transitive) to heal, cure
    Synonyms: curar, sanar
    Antonym: enfermar
* (intransitive) to recover, recuperate
    Synonym: recuperar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “saar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “saar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sandar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “sandar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “sandar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsantar]
    Rhymes: -antar

### Noun

sandar m
* indefinite nominative plural of sandur

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay sandar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sandaR (“lean on or against”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsandar/
* Hyphenation: san‧dar

### Verb

sandar
* imperative of menyandar (“to lean”)

#### Alternative forms

* sender

#### Derived terms

* bersandar
* bersandaran
* bersandarkan
* menyandar
* menyandari
* menyandarkan
* penyandar
* penyandaran
* persandaran
* pesandaran
* sandar-menyandar
* sandaran
* tersandar

### Noun

sandar (uncountable)
* pawn: an item given as security on a loan, or as a pledge
    Synonym: jaminan

#### Derived terms

* menyandarkan

### Further reading

* “sandar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic صَنْدَل (ṣandal).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsan.dar/

### Noun

sandar m (plural snadar)
* (nautical) pinnace
* (obsolete) sandalwood

## Old Norse
### Noun

sandar
* nominative plural of sandr

## Swedish
### Verb

sandar
* present indicative of sanda

### Anagrams

* Sandra, andars, andras, dansar
# sangga
## Balinese
### Romanization

sangga
* Romanization of ᬲᬗ᭄ᬕ
* Romanization of ᬲᬗ᭄ᬖ

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋgaq.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saŋˈɡaʔ/ [saŋˈɡaʔ]
* Hyphenation: sang‧ga

### Noun

sanggâ (Basahan spelling ᜐᜅ᜔ᜄ)
* obstruction
    Synonym: bagat
* barricade, blockade
    Synonyms: ulang, batingal

#### Derived terms

* magsangga
* sanggaon

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: sang‧ga

### Verb

sangga
* to side; to ally oneself, be in an alliance
* to block; to shield
* to support; to provide support in order to prevent something being carried from falling
* to pool; to put together; contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses
* to partner up; to pair up

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈsaŋɡa/ [ˈsaŋ.ɡa]
* Rhymes: -aŋɡa
* Syllabification: sang‧ga

### Etymology 1

From Malay sangga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋga (“hilt of knife or bolo; to support”). Doublet of sanggah.

#### Noun

sangga
* supporter

##### Derived terms

* bersangga
* bersanggakan
* menyangga
* penyangga
* penyanggaan
* sangga buana
* sangga bunuh
* sangga galah
* sangga langit
* sangga layar
* sangga mara
* sangga pedang

### Etymology 2

From Sanskrit सङ्घ (saṅgha, “group, assembly”). Doublet of sangha.

#### Noun

sangga
* (scouting) a 5 - 10 persons scouting group
* (Buddhism) sangha
* (Java) measurement unit for 5 ikat paddy

##### Derived terms

* sangga kerja

### Further reading

* “sangga” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Kaulong
### Noun

sangga
* Tahitian chestnut tree (Inocarpus fagifer)

### References

* Ross, Malcolm (2002) “Kaulong”, in John Lynch, Malcolm Ross and Terry Crowley, editors, The Oceanic Languages, Richmond: Curzon, page 397

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋgaq.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /saŋˈɡaʔ/ [sɐŋˈɡaʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: sang‧ga

### Noun

sanggâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜅ᜔ᜄ)
* allyhood; partnership; allyship
    Synonyms: kampi, ayo
* friend
    Synonyms: kaibigan, kabarkada, katropa, kumpare, amigo, katoto, pare, tropa, tsong, utol, kalaguma, lamuga, sangkay, kabatakang-kumot, kahiramang-suklay, kadaupang-palad, (obsolete) kamalala
* protection
    Synonym: proteksiyon
# sapir
## Indonesian
### Etymology 1

From Dutch sappeur, from Middle French sappeur.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsapɪr]
* Hyphenation: sa‧pir

#### Noun

sapir
* (archaic) sapper, one who saps; specifically, one who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like. Often known as a combat engineer or military engineer

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

sapir
* Nonstandard spelling of safir.

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

sapir
* Nonstandard spelling of musafir.

### Further reading

* “sapir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# ὑπήρχομεν
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hy.pɛ̌ːr.kʰo.men/ → /yˈpir.xo.men/ → /iˈpir.xo.men/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hy.pɛ̌ːr.kʰo.men/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)yˈpe̝r.kʰo.men/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /yˈpir.xo.men/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /yˈpir.xo.men/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /iˈpir.xo.men/

### Verb

ὑπήρχομεν • (hupḗrkhomen)
* first-person plural imperfect active indicative of ὑπάρχω (hupárkhō)
# saraf
## English
### Alternative forms

* (obsolete): xaraffe, xaraffo, charaff, xaraf, xaroff, xeraffo, sarraf, saraff, serof, seraff

### Etymology

From Urdu صراف (sarrāf) and Classical Persian صراف (sarrāf), from Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saˈɹɑːf/

### Noun

saraf (plural sarafs)
* A provider of financial services in the Middle East and in South Asia, especially (historical) during the early modern and colonial period.
** 1598, Jan Huygen van Linschoten, translated by William Phillip, Discours of Voyages into ye Easte & West Indies, Bk. i, Ch. xxxiii, p. 66:There is in euery place of the street exchangers of mony, by them called Xaraffos, which are all christian Iewes.
** 1811, Carsten Niebuhr, “Travels in Arabia”, in John Pinkerton, transl., A General Collection of Voyages and Travels..., volume X, page 71:He sent us to receive the money from his Saraf, or banker.
** 1877, James Carlile McCoan, Egypt As It Is, page 115:The mâmour... till the recent reform appointing a Controller-General of Receipts, received the taxes from the saraffs.
** 1897 July, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, page 24:They [Armenians] prospered as our ‘Sarrafs’.

#### Hypernyms

* banker, moneychanger, cashier, usurer

#### Derived terms

* shroff, Saraf

### References

* “saraf, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1909.

### Anagrams

* Afars, Safar

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsaraf]
* Hyphenation: sa‧raf

### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَصَب (ʕaṣab, “nerve”) or شَرَف (šaraf, “elevated place; eminence, dignity; honour”).
* The sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English nerve and Dutch nerf.

#### Noun

saraf (plural saraf-saraf)
* (medicine) nerve

##### Alternative forms

* sarap, syaraf

##### Derived terms

* persarafan
* ilmu saraf
* saraf abdusen
* saraf aferen
* saraf aksesoris
* saraf akustik
* saraf gerak
* saraf kranial
* saraf median
* saraf motoris
* saraf optik
* saraf otonom
* saraf otonomik
* saraf pemancar
* saraf sensoris
* saraf somatik
* saraf tepi
* saraf tulang punggung
* saraf vagus

### Etymology 2

From Malay saraf, from Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf).

#### Noun

saraf (plural saraf-saraf)
* (grammar, linguistics) inflection

#### Compounds

* ilmu saraf

### Further reading

* “saraf” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ladino
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).

### Noun

saraf m (Hebrew spelling סאראף)
* money changer

#### Related terms

* saraf bashi (chief banker)

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Malaysia):(file)

### Noun

saraf (Jawi spelling سارف, plural saraf-saraf, informal 1st possessive sarafku, 2nd possessive sarafmu, 3rd possessive sarafnya)
* nerve (neurons with their connective tissue sheaths, blood vessels and lymphatics)

### Further reading

* “saraf” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# saset
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch sachet, from French sachet.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsasɛt/

### Noun

saset (plural saset-saset)
* sachet
# sebar
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /səˈbar/
* Hyphenation: se‧bar

### Etymology 1

From Malay sebar.

#### Verb

sêbar (active menyebar, passive disebar)
* (ambitransitive) to spread

##### Derived terms

* bersebar
* bersebaran
* ketersebaran
* menyebar
* menyebarkan
* penyebar
* penyebaran
* persebaran
* sebaran
* tersebar
* tersebarkan

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

sêbar
* (archaic) numb

### Further reading

* “sebar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sębrъ.

### Noun

sȅbar m (Cyrillic spelling се̏бар)
* (historical) In medieval Serbia, someone of lower social status.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sebar”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# sedimentasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch sedimentatie (“sedimentation”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /sedimɛnˈtasi/ [se.di.mɛnˈt̪a.si]
* Rhymes: -asi
* Syllabification: se‧di‧men‧ta‧si

### Noun

sedimentasi (plural sedimentasi-sedimentasi)
* sedimentation
    Synonyms: pengendapan, pengenapan

### Further reading

* “sedimentasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# ごさんけ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of ごさんけ – see the following entry. :
| 【御三家】 | [noun] the most noble three branches of the Tokugawa clan (徳(とく)川(がわ)氏(し) (Tokugawa-shi)): 尾張(おわり) (Owari), 紀伊(きい) (Kī), and 水戸(みと) (Mito) [noun] (figuratively) the "big three" |
(This term, ごさんけ (gosanke), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# sejarah
## English
### Etymology

From Malay sejarah (“history”).

### Noun

sejarah
* (Manglish) history (as a school subject)

## Iban
### Etymology

Borrowed from Malay sejarah, from Arabic شَجَرَة (šajara, “tree”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /səˈd͡ʒarea̯h/

### Noun

sejarah
* history

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay سجاره (sejarah), from Persian شجره (šajare, “family tree”), from Arabic شَجَرَة (šajara, “tree”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [səˈd͡ʒarah]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sê‧ja‧rah

### Noun

sêjarah (plural)
* family tree, pedigree
    Synonyms: asal mula, asal-usul, silsilah, stambon, stema, sulalah, tasalsul, histori
* history:
** the aggregate of past events
    Synonyms: babad, cerita, hikayat, kisah, legenda, riwayat, tambo, tarikh, tawarik
** the branch of knowledge that studies the past; the assessment of notable events
    Synonyms: histori, ilmu sejarah

#### Synonyms

* histori, riwayat

#### Derived terms

* bersejarah
* kebersejarahan
* kesejarahan
* menyejarah
* menyejarahkan
* balada sejarah
* faktor sejarah
* fiksi sejarah
* ilmu sejarah
* interprestasi sejarah budaya
* kajian kohort sejarah
* kubur prasejarah
* manusia prasejarah
* materialisme sejarah
* mazhab kesejarahan Jerman
* mercu tanda sejarah
* novel sejarah
* pelestarian sejarah
* pendekatan kesejarahan langsung
* penjelasan dalam sejarah
* sejarah bandingan
* sejarah diplomatik
* sejarah dunia
* sejarah epidemi
* sejarah gagasan kelimuan
* sejarah hidup
* sejarah ilmu
* sejarah internasional
* sejarah kehamilan
* sejarah komparatif
* sejarah kota
* sejarah lansekap perdesaan
* sejarah lanskap urban
* sejarah musik
* sejarah obat
* sejarah pekawinan
* sejarah penggunaan bahan
* sejarah pengobatan
* sejarah perbandingan
* sejarah perkawinan
* sejarah petamanan
* sejarah suburbanisasi
* sejarah umum
* sejarah waktu
* wisata sejarah

### Further reading

* “sejarah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Arabic شَجَرَة (šajara, “tree”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sədʒarah/
* Rhymes: -arah, -rah, -ah
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)

### Noun

sejarah (Jawi spelling سجاره, plural sejarah-sejarah, informal 1st possessive sejarahku, 2nd possessive sejarahmu, 3rd possessive sejarahnya)
* history
    Bangunan ini mempunyai sejarah yang panjang.This building has a long history.

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: sejarah (inherited)
* → English: sejarah
* → Iban: sejarah
* → Javanese: ꦱꦗꦫꦃ (sajarah), ꦱꦸꦗꦫꦃ (sujarah)

### Further reading

* “sejarah” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# sekretariat
## Danish
### Etymology

From German Sekretariat or from French secrétariat, from Medieval Latin secretariatus, from Latin sēcrētārius (“secretary”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sekrətariaːt/, [seɡ̊ʁətˢɑiˈæːˀd̥]

### Noun

sekretariat n (singular definite sekretariatet, plural indefinite sekretariater)
* secretariat

#### See also

* sekretariat on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch secretariaat, from French secrétariat, from Medieval Latin secretariatus, from Latin sēcrētārius (“secretary”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɛkrət̪aˈriat̪̚]
* Hyphenation: sèk‧rê‧ta‧ri‧at
* Rhymes: -at

### Noun

sekretariat (plural)
* secretariat
    Synonym: kepaniteraan

#### Related terms

* sekretaris

### Further reading

* “sekretariat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French secrétariat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛ.krɛˈta.rjat/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -arjat
* Syllabification: se‧kre‧ta‧riat

### Noun

sekretariat m inan
* secretariat

#### Related terms

* sekretarski
* sekretarka
* sekretarz

### Further reading

* sekretariat in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* sekretariat in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Swedish
### Etymology

From German Sekretariat or from French secrétariat, from Medieval Latin secretariatus, from Latin sēcrētārius (“secretary”).

### Noun

sekretariat n
* a secretariat, an office
# sukma
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay sukma, from Javanese ꦱꦸꦏ꧀ꦩ (sukma, “soul, life”), from Prakrit sukhuma, from Sanskrit सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma). Cognate of Old Javanese sūkṣma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsʊʔma/
* Rhymes: -ma, -a
* Hyphenation: suk‧ma

### Noun

sukma (plural sukma-sukma)
* soul, life
    Synonyms: jiwa, nyawa

### References

* ↑ Tom Hoogervorst (2017 December 31) Andrea Acri, Roger Blench, Alexandra Landmann, editor, 9. The Role of “Prakrit” in Maritime Southeast Asia through 101 Etymologies‎, ISEAS Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 375–440

### Further reading

* “sukma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Javanese ꦱꦸꦏ꧀ꦩ (sukma, “soul, life”), from Prakrit sukhuma, from Sanskrit सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma).

### Noun

sukma (plural sukma-sukma, informal 1st possessive sukmaku, 2nd possessive sukmamu, 3rd possessive sukmanya)
* (archaic) soul, life

### References

* “sukma” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# dokumentalis
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch documentalist.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dokumɛnˈtalɪs/
* Hyphenation: do‧ku‧mèn‧tal‧is

### Noun

dokumèntalis (plural dokumentalis-dokumentalis)
* documenter
* documentalist
* documentarian

#### Related terms

* dokumen
* dokumentasi
* dokumenter
* dokumentografi

### Further reading

* “dokumentalis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dokter spesialis
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of dokter (“doctor, physician”) +‎ spesialis (“specialist”), partial calque of Dutch arts-specialist (“specialist”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɔk̚tər spɛsiˈalɪs]

### Noun

dokter spesialis (plural dokter-dokter spesialis)
* (healthcare) specialist: a physician whose practice is limited to a particular branch of medicine or surgery
    Synonym: spesialis
    Antonym: dokter umum

#### Synonyms

* pakar perubatan (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

### Further reading

* “dokter spesialis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dokter keluarga
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of dokter +‎ keluarga, calque of English family doctor

### Noun

dokter keluarga (plural dokter-dokter keluarga)
* (healthcare) family doctor, family physician

### Further reading

* “dokter keluarga” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# donlot
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English download.

### Verb

donlot
* (computing, informal) to download
    Synonym: unduh
    Antonyms: unggah, aplot
# DP4LN
## Indonesian
### Noun

DP4LN (plural DP4LN-DP4LN)
* (politics) Abbreviation of data penduduk potensial pemilih pemilu luar negeri (literally “potential overseas voter population data”).
# DPTLN
## Indonesian
### Noun

DPTLN (plural DPTLN-DPTLN)
* (politics) Initialism of daftar pemilih tetap luar negeri.