# 娘

| 娘 | U+5A18, &#23064; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A18 |
| ← 娗 [U+5A17] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 娙 → [U+5A19] |

## Translingual
### Han character

娘 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女戈日女 (VIAV), four-corner 4343$_2$, composition ⿰女良)

#### Derived characters

* 𭉻, 𦷄, 𬏒

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 262, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6304
* Dae Jaweon: page 529, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1054, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5A18

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 剆 | *raːl, *raːlʔ |
| 郎 | *raːŋ |
| 稂 | *raːŋ |
| 桹 | *raːŋ |
| 鋃 | *raːŋ |
| 硠 | *raːŋ |
| 浪 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 蜋 | *raːŋ, *raŋ |
| 琅 | *raːŋ |
| 狼 | *raːŋ |
| 欴 | *raːŋ |
| 踉 | *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs |
| 莨 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 艆 | *raːŋ |
| 駺 | *raːŋ |
| 躴 | *raːŋ |
| 筤 | *raːŋ |
| 閬 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 哴 | *raːŋ, *raŋs |
| 蓈 | *raːŋ |
| 廊 | *raːŋ |
| 榔 | *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ |
| 螂 | *raːŋ |
| 瑯 | *raːŋ |
| 朗 | *raːŋʔ |
| 朖 | *raːŋʔ |
| 誏 | *raːŋʔ |
| 俍 | *raːŋʔ |
| 崀 | *raːŋʔ |
| 埌 | *raːŋs |
| 蒗 | *raːŋs |
| 娘 | *naŋ |
| 良 | *raŋ |
| 粮 | *raŋ |
| 悢 | *raŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *naŋ): semantic 女 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

### Etymology 1

Not attested in pre-Tang texts. It may ultimately have been a fusion of 女郎 (MC nrjoX lang, “lady”) (Coblin, 1994).
Alternatively, from 女 (OC *naʔ, “woman”) with an attached suffix *-ŋ also found in 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ, “I for my part”) as against 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) (Sagart, 1999: 134). However, evidence for this suffix is sparse; Sagart only adduces these two pairs of words.
As yet another suggestion, it may be a loan from Old Turkic anaŋ (“your mother”), from Proto-Turkic *ana ~ *eńe (“mother”) (whence Turkish ana and Uyghur ئانا (ana)) and *-iŋ (“second person singular possessive suffix”), (Vovin and McCraw, 2011).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): niáng (niang$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄤˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyiang$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нён (ni͡on, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): noeng$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): niang$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): nyiong$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiòng
    (Hailu, HRS): ngiong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiong$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): nion$^1$ / nion$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): niông / niǒng
* Eastern Min (BUC): nòng / niòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): niû / niô͘ / niâu / niâ / liông / liâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): nion$^5$ / niên$^5$ / niang$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$gnian / $^2$gnian
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyian$^2$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): nian$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niáng
*** Wade–Giles: niang$^2$
*** Yale: nyáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niang
*** Palladius: нян (njan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiang$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: niang
*** Sinological IPA : /nʲiaŋ²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нён (ni͡on, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /niɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: noeng$^4$
*** Yale: nèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: noeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /nœːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: niang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdiaŋ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: nyiong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /n̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiong
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋioŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiɔŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: nion$^1$ / nion$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /niɒ̃¹¹/, /niɒ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niông / niǒng
*** Sinological IPA : /niɔŋ³³/, /niɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: nòng / niòng
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡouŋ⁵³/, /nˡuoŋ⁵³/
* nòng - vernacular;
* niòng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit娘 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /niɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /niaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /niɑŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ȵiaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /niaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /niaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /niaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ȵiɔ̃²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /niɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ȵiɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ȵiɑŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /niaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ȵiaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /niaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /niã̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /liaŋ²⁴/ 爹～ /liaŋ³¹/ 姑姑 |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liɑ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niɒ̃¹¹/ ～家 /niɒ̃⁴⁵/ 姥姥 |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ȵiɑŋ¹³/ /ȵyə¹³/ ～～廟 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /niɑ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiã²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵiã¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ȵiɑŋ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵi³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /nia⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵiau⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵian¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ȵian¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiɔŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋioŋ¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋioŋ¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nœŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /nɛŋ⁵⁵/ /nœŋ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /nœŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liɔŋ³⁵/ /niu³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /nuoŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /niɔŋ³³/ /niɔŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /niõ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /niaŋ³¹/ /nio³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: nrjang
Rime :
| Character | 娘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 女良切 |
| Baxter | nrjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /niaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ni̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | niáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | noeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*naŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 娘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8045 |
| Phonetic component | 良 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孃 |
| Old Chinese | /*naŋ/ |
| Notes | 女郎合音 |

#### Definitions

娘
* woman, especially a young girl
    姑娘 ― gūniang ― girl
    From: 〈黄竹子歌〉 "Song of the Yellow Bamboo" in 《樂府詩集》 "Collected songs of the Music Bureau style" by 郭茂倩 Guo Maoqian. Translated by Li Wai-yee (2014)
    Jiāngbiān huáng zhúzǐ, Kān zuò nǚ'ér xiāng. Yī chuán shǐ liǎng jiǎng, Dé niáng huán gùxiāng. [Pinyin]
    The yellow bamboo by the river, Can be made into a maiden's basket. One boat with two oars: Get the lady and return home.
* (colloquial) mother; ma
    From: 6th century,《木蘭辭》 The Ballad of Mulan
    Yéniáng wén nǚ lái, chū guō xiāng fú jiāng. [Pinyin]
    Her father and mother – hearing their girl returns – go out to the suburbs to welcome her back.
* wife of another person
       saam$^1$ baak$^3$, saam$^1$ baak$^3$ noeng$^4$ [Jyutping]
       father's third elder brother; wife of a father's third elder brother
* elderly lady
* (religion) "The Lady" (an epithet of the Fujianese sea goddess Mazu (媽祖 / 妈祖 (Māzǔ))
    From: 2013?, "澎湖天后宫 (Penghu Tianhou Temple), 蚂蜂窝 (Mafengwo)
    Tiānhòu Gōng wèiyú Pénghú Xiàn Mǎgōng Shì Zhèngyì Jiē shàng, súchēng “Tiānfēi Gōng”, “Māzǔ Gōng”, zài Míngdài chēngwéi “Niáng Gōng”, “Māniáng Gōng”, “Niángmā Gōng” “Mā Gōng” děng [Pinyin]
    The Tianhou Temple located on Zhengyi Street, Magong City, Penghu County, commonly known as the “Tianfei Temple” or the “Mazu Temple”, known as “Niang Temple”, “Maninang Temple”, “Niangma Temple”, etc. during the Ming dynasty
* (usually derogatory, of a man or a boy) girly; effeminate; feminine
    娘炮 ― niángpào ― sissy
    From: 2019 March 26, 郑子宁 (Zhen Zining), 《台湾腔为什么这么“娘”》, in 《国防时报》, page 21
    Wèishénme “Táiběi guóyǔ” huì dǎozhì táiwānqiāng biàn “niáng”? Shǒuxiān shì wàishěngrén de chūshēn. [Pinyin]
    Why does "Taipei Mandarin" cause the Taiwanese accent to be "girly"? First, it is the background of the waishengren.
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 娘 (MC nrjang)

##### Usage notes

* In Hokkien, 娘 (niâ) is vulgar when used with 恁 (lín), due to being used in terms such as 姦恁娘／奸恁娘, 使恁娘, 姦恁娘母／奸恁娘母, and 姦恁娘母臭膣屄／奸恁娘母臭膣屄.

##### Synonyms

* (mum):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 母, 娘 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 母親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 媽媽, 媽, 娘, 母親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 媽, 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 媽, 媽媽, 母親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 媽媽, 母親, 額娘 dated, Manchus |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 母親, 媽媽, 媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 媽媽, 媽, 老媽 <> |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 媽媽, 娘 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 母親, 媽媽, 娘, 𫰎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 母親, 媽媽, 媽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 媽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 媽, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 媽媽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 媽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 媽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 媽, 娘 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 媽, 媽兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 媽媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 嬤 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 母親, 媽, 娘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 阿媽, 媽媽, 姆媽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 媽媽, 娘, 大兒, 母親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 媽, 母親, 媽媽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 媽, 媽媽, 老媽 <>, 母親 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 媽媽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 媽媽, 媽, 老娘 <>, 阿娘 Hui, 阿娘子 used with minorities, 母親 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 媽媽, 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 姆媽, 媽媽, 老娘 <>, 黎山老 slang, 孟子見 dated slang, 娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘, 大老 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 母親, 媽媽, 娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 母親, 媽媽, 娘, 姆媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 媽, 老媽 <>, humorous |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 母兒, 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 媽媽, 嬸嬸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 阿媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 媽, 媽媽, 母親 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 阿媽, 媽, 娘老 <>, 老媽子 <>, 娘, 母親 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 姆媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 阿媽, 媽媽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 媽, 姆媽, 娘 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 媽媽, 姆媽, 老娘 <>, 母親 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 母親, 媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 姆媽, 娘嬭 dated, 母親 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 媽媽, 姆媽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 媽, 媽爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 大, 娘 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 阿媽, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 媽咪, 阿媽, 媽媽, 媽打, 老母 <>, 老媽子 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 阿媽, 阿奶, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 媽, 阿媽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 阿奶, 阿仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 阿媽, 媽咪, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu) | 媽媽, 阿媽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan) | 阿媽, 阿嫂 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huangpu) | 阿媽, 阿娘, 阿大, 阿嬸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun) | 阿媽, 阿嫂 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun) | 阿媽, 阿嬸, 阿嫂 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu) | 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 阿媽, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 阿奶, 阿嬸, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 阿奶, 阿嫂, 阿嬸, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 阿嬸, 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 阿娘, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 阿媽, 阿家, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 阿媽, 老母 <>, 母親 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 阿媽, 媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 阿媽, 阿奶, 阿姐, 媽媽 childish, 媽咪 childish, 老母 <>, 老乸 <>, Changping |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 阿大, 阿媽, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 阿媽, 老母 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 老母, 阿媽 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 阿媽, 阿娘, 阿奶 <> |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 阿媽, 老母 <> |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 阿媽, 老母, 媽媽 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang (Cheban) | 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 阿媽, 阿奶 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Meilu) | 老母 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 媽媽, 阿媽, 媽, 老乸 <>, 老娘 <>, 老媽子 <> |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 媽媽, 阿奶, 阿嬸, 俺乸 <> |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 媽媽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 媽媽, 老奶 <> |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 阿媽, 阿奶, 阿娘 <> |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 媽媽, 阿媽, 阿嬸, 老媽 <> |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 母 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 阿媽, 媽咪, 老媽子 <> |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 阿媽, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Gan | Nanchang | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Gan | Lichuan | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 姆媽, 娘老子 <> |
| Hakka | Meixian | 阿姆, 阿嫲, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Xingning | 阿媽, 哀哩 <> |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 阿媽, 阿奶 <> |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 阿姆, 媽 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 阿媽, 阿姆 <> |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 阿媽, 阿姆 <> |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 阿媽, 阿姆 <> |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 阿嫲, 阿娘, 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 阿嫲, 阿娘, 阿姆, 哀哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 阿媽, 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 阿娘 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 嫲, 阿嫲 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 哀子, 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 阿姆, 哀子 <> |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 阿姆, 阿嬸 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 姆, 媽 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Raoping (Xinfeng) | 阿姨, 阿禾 <> |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿奶 |
| Hakka | Changting | 姆媽, 姆娓, 哀哩 <> |
| Hakka | Wuping | 姆姆, 依呀, 哀哩 <> |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 哀哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 姆, 哀子 <> |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 姆, 哀 <> |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 姆媽, 母 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 姆, 媽媽, 媽 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 姐 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 姆媽, 哀 <>, 乳子 <> |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 姆媽, 哀 <> |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 嫫, 姐佬 <> |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 姆㜷 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 嬤 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 姐佬, 姆姆 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 阿姆, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 阿姆, 唔媽, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 阿姆, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 阿姆, 哀 <> |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 阿姆, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 阿依, 哀仔 <> |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 阿媽, 阿姆 <> |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 奶 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 老母, 老哀, 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 阿媽, 哀子 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 阿嬸, 阿奶, 阿嫂, 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 哀子 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 阿媽, 哀子, 阿奶 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 阿媽, 哀 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 娘, 嫂 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 阿姆 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 阿媽 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 阿姆 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 姆, 娘 <> |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 姆媽, 媽媽, 阿姨 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 媽, 媽媽 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Jin | Datong | 母親, 媽 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 波哇, 波波呀, 呀波呀, 波, 波波 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 母親, 媽 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 娘, 媽 |
| Jin | Linhe | 母親, 媽媽, 媽 |
| Jin | Jining | 媽媽 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 母親, 媽媽 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 母親, 娘 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 母親, 媽媽, 媽, 娘 |
| Jin | Handan | 母親, 娘 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 娘 |
| Jin | Suide | 媽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 依呀, 媽媽, 奶 <> |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 依媽, 依奶, 娘嬭 <> |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 奶, 依奶, 媽媽, 依娜, 娘嬭 <> |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 依奶, 娘嬭 <> |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 媽媽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 阿母, 阿母仔, 母仔, 阿媽, 阿娘, 老母 <>, 娘嬭 <> |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 老母 <>, 俺母仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 阿母, 母仔, 阿娘, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 阿娘 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 阿母, 母仔, 咉奶, 嘔傴 euphemistic, 老母 <>, 娘嬭 <>, 豬母 <>, humorous |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 阿伊, 娘嬭 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 阿母, 阿娘, 媽媽, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 阿母, 阿娘, 姨仔, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 卡桑, 阿母仔, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 阿母, 阿娘, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 阿母, 阿娘, 姨仔, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 媽媽, 阿母, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 歐卡桑, 阿母, 俺娘仔, 娘嬭, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 媽媽, 阿娘, 阿母, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 俺娘仔, 老母 <>, 俺母 <> |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 阿母, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 阿母, 阿媽, 媽媽, 媽, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 阿母, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 媽媽, 媽, 阿母, 母仔, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 阿媽, 阿娘, 阿姈, 阿嬡 <> |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 阿媽, 阿嬡, 阿姈, 阿母, 嬡 <>, 母 <> |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 阿媽, 嬡 <>, 母 <> |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 阿媽, 阿嬡, 阿娘, 阿姈 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 媽, 媽媽, 阿媽 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 阿媽, 媽媽, 媽 <> |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 阿媽, 阿嬡, 母 <>, 老母 <> |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 嬭, 嫂 dated, 姨 dated, 母 <>, 尼母 <>, 尼姨 <>, dated, 尼嫂 <>, dated |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 阿媽, 阿姐, 阿娘 dated, 阿嫂 dated, 母 <> |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 媽媽, 媽, 老母 <>, 媽咪 <> |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 媽, 阿嫂, 阿嬸, 阿媼 dated, 老娘 <> |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 母親, 嬸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 媽媽, 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Wu | Suzhou | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Wu | Danyang | 媽, 娘 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 姆媽, 媽媽, 娘 <> |
| Wu | Ningbo | 阿姆, 姆媽, 阿娘 <>, 老娘 <> |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 阿媽, 阿奶, 奶 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Xiang | Changsha | 媽媽, 姆媽, 娘老子, 娘 <> |
| Xiang | Loudi | 依爺, 姆媽, 娘老子, 娘 <> |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 姆媽, 娘 <> |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 姆媽 new-style, 娭毑 old-style, 娘 <>, 娘老倌 <>, 娘老倌子 <> |
| Note | <> - non-face-to-face | <> - non-face-to-face |

#### Compounds

* 丁娘十索
* 七娘媽 / 七娘妈
* 三娘教子
* 丈母娘
* 乾娘 / 干娘 (gānniáng)
* 二娘
* 二娘子
* 些娘大
* 伯娘 (bóniáng)
* 伴娘 (bànniáng)
* 偷婆娘
* 兩娘女 / 两娘女
* 公孫大娘 / 公孙大娘
* 再長爹娘 / 再长爹娘
* 出娘胎
* 出自娘胎
* 半老徐娘 (bànlǎoxúniáng)
* 可喜娘
* 可憎娘
* 喜娘 (xǐniáng)
* 回娘家 (huí niángjiā)
* 堂分姑娘
* 夜度娘
* 大姑娘 (dàgūniang)
* 大娘 (dàniáng)
* 大娘子
* 大腳婆娘 / 大脚婆娘
* 夫娘 (fūniáng)
* 女娘 (nǚniáng)
* 奶娘 (nǎiniáng)
* 姑娘
* 姑娘兒 / 姑娘儿 (gūniangr)
* 姑娘家
* 姑娘氣 / 姑娘气
* 姨娘 (yíniáng)
* 娘兒 / 娘儿
* 娘兒們 / 娘儿们 (niángrmen)
* 娘姨
* 娘娘 (niángniang)
* 娘娘腔 (niángniangqiāng)
* 娘婆
* 娘媽 / 娘妈 (Niángmā)
* 娘子 (niángzǐ)
* 娘子軍 / 娘子军 (niángzǐjūn)
* 娘子關 / 娘子关
* 娘家 (niángjiā)
* 娘母子
* 娘泡 (niángpào)
* 娘炮 (niángpào)
* 娘的
* 娘砲 / 娘炮 (niángpào)
* 娘老子 (niánglǎozi)
* 娘胎 (niángtāi)
* 娘舅
* 娘親 / 娘亲 (niángqīn)
* 婆娘 (póniáng)
* 婆娘子
* 媽娘 / 妈娘 (Māniáng)
* 嬌娘 / 娇娘
* 嬸娘 / 婶娘 (shěnniáng)
* 小姑娘 (xiǎogūniang)
* 小娘 (xiǎoniáng)
* 小娘子
* 師娘 / 师娘 (shīniáng)
* 廚娘 / 厨娘
* 後娘 / 后娘 (hòuniáng)
* 徐娘 (xúniáng)
* 徐娘半老 (xúniángbànlǎo)
* 掃晴娘 / 扫晴娘
* 新娘 (xīnniáng)
* 新娘子 (xīnniángzi)
* 新娘花
* 新娘車 / 新娘车
* 新嫁娘
* 晚娘 (wǎnniáng)
* 晚娘面孔
* 月宮娘娘 / 月宫娘娘
* 末娘
* 李三娘
* 梅花小娘
* 正頭娘子 / 正头娘子
* 歹婆娘
* 泰國新娘 / 泰国新娘
* 波娘
* 泰山娘娘
* 漁娘 / 渔娘
* 灰姑娘 (Huīgūniang)
* 爹娘 (diēniáng)
* 爺娘 / 爷娘 (yéniáng)
* 爺羹娘飯 / 爷羹娘饭
* 爺飯娘羹 / 爷饭娘羹
* 牧師娘 / 牧师娘
* 王母娘娘 (Wángmǔ Niángniang)
* 痘疹娘娘
* 白娘子
* 百花娘子
* 看麥娘 / 看麦娘
* 祭東施娘 / 祭东施娘
* 秋娘
* 管家娘子
* 紅姑娘 / 红姑娘 (hónggūniang)
* 紅娘 / 红娘 (hóngniáng)
* 紡織娘 / 纺织娘 (fǎngzhīniáng)
* 細娘 / 细娘
* 織布娘 / 织布娘
* 美嬌娘 / 美娇娘
* 老大娘 (lǎodàniáng)
* 老姑娘 (lǎogūniang)
* 老娘
* 老娘兒 / 老娘儿
* 老婆娘
* 老闆娘 / 老板娘 (lǎobǎnniáng)
* 花娘 (huāniáng)
* 花魁娘子
* 蕭娘 / 萧娘
* 親娘 / 亲娘
* 註生娘娘 / 注生娘娘
* 豆姑娘
* 豆娘 (dòuniáng)
* 豆娘子
* 趙五娘 / 赵五娘
* 酒娘子
* 重生爺娘 / 重生爷娘
* 針線娘 / 针线娘
* 鐵娘子 / 铁娘子 (tiěniángzǐ)
* 阿娘 (āniáng)
* 陳三五娘 / 陈三五娘
* 離娘飯 / 离娘饭
* 韋娘 / 韦娘
* 頭家娘 / 头家娘
* 養娘 / 养娘
* 養婆娘 / 养婆娘
* 馬頭娘 / 马头娘
* 駕娘 / 驾娘
* 麼娘 / 么娘

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 嬢(にょう) (nyō); 嬢(じょう) (jō); 嬢(にゃん) (nyan)
* → Korean: 낭(娘) (nang)
* → Vietnamese: nương (娘)
Others:
* → Khmer: នាង (niəng, “young woman; girl”)
* → Lao: ນາງ (nāng, “woman; girl; lady; Mrs.”)
* → Thai: นาง (naang, “woman; wife; female lover”)
* → Vietnamese: nàng (“lady; young woman; she”)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loeng$^1$
*** Yale: lēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lœːŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

娘
* (Cantonese) old-fashioned

##### Compounds

* 娘炳

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00927

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょう (nyō)
* Kan-on: じょう (jō)
* Tō-on: にゃん (nyan)
* Kun: むすめ (musume, 娘, Jōyō)、こ (ko, 娘)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 娘
* むすめ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Analyzed as a compound of 生す (musu, “to beget”) +‎ 女 (me, “female”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) むすめ [mùsúméꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [mɯ̟sɨme̞]

#### Noun

娘(むすめ) • (musume) (counter 人)
* (humble) a daughter
** 2007 October 20, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ)：それぞれの道(みち)へ (Saishūwa: Sorezore no Michi e, “Final Chapter: Epilog”)”, in ファイアーエムブレム：覇(は)者(しゃ)の剣(つるぎ) (Faiā Emuburemu: Hasha no Tsurugi, “Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions”), Jump Remix edition, volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 352:
    王(おう)国(こく)の『娘(むすめ)』セシリア
       Ōkoku no ‘Musume’ Seshiria
       Cecilia, ‘Daughter’ of the Kingdom

##### Synonyms

* (daughter): 娘(むすめ)さん (musume-san), お嬢(じょう)さん (ojōsan) (honorific)

##### See also

* 女(じょ)子(し) (joshi): girl
* 女(おんな)の子(こ) (onna no ko): girl
* 女(おんな) (onna): woman
* 息(むす)子(こ) (musuko): son
* 男(だん)子(し) (danshi): boy
* 男(おとこ)の子(こ) (otoko no ko): boy
* 男(おとこ) (otoko): man

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 娘
* こ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Alternative spelling. See 子 (ko).

#### Noun

娘(こ) • (ko)
* Alternative spelling of 子 (“girl”)
** 1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “テイク・オフ (Teiku Ofu, “Take Off”)”, in ショートプログラム (漫(まん)画(が)) (Shōto Puroguramu (manga), “Short Program (manga)”), 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 107:
    自(じ)分(ぶん)で自(じ)分(ぶん)の行(こう)動(どう)に条(じょう)件(けん)をつけちゃうんだよ、この娘(こ)—— 例(たと)えば、毎(まい)年(とし)初(はつ)雪(ゆき)が降(ふ)るまでモチは食(く)わないとか、霊(れい)柩(きゅう)車(しゃ)が通(とお)るまで道(みち)を渡(わた)らないとか、ネコがあくびするまでコタツを出(で)ないとか。
       Jibun de jibun no kōdō ni jōken o tsukechaun da yo, kono ko—— Tatoeba, maitoshi hatsuyuki ga furu made mochi wa kuwanai toka, reikyūsha ga tōru made michi o wataranai toka, neko ga akubisuru made kotatsu o denai toka.
       This girl, I’m telling you, she sets terms for every of her own actions— Like, not eating mochi until the first snowfall of each year, not crossing the street until the hearse passes by, or not leaving the kotatsu until her cat yawns.

##### Derived terms

* お転(てん)婆(ば)娘(こ) (o-tenbako, “tomboy”)
* ドジっ娘(こ) (dojikko, “clumsy girl”)
* 眼(め)鏡(がね)っ娘(こ) (meganekko, “bespectacled girl”)

### References

* 1 2 3 “娘”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 “娘”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 娘 (MC nrjang). Recorded as Middle Korean 냐ᇰ (nyang) (Yale: nyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 娘 (eumhun 아가씨 낭 (agassi nang)) 娘 (eumhun 아가씨 랑 (agassi rang))
* hanja form of 낭/랑 (“woman”)

#### Compounds

* 낭랑 (娘娘, nangnang)
* 낭자 (娘子, nangja)
* 낭가 (娘家, nangga)
* 고낭 (姑娘, gonang)
* 낭자군 (娘子軍, nangjagun)
* 낭세포 (娘細胞, nangsepo, “daughter cell”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Tày
### Noun

娘 (nàng)
* Nôm form of nàng.

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

娘: Hán Nôm readings: nương, nàng, nường
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.