OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# bermanfaat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay bermanfaat, from Classical Malay bermanfaat. Equivalent to ber- +‎ manfaat.

### Verb

bermanfaat
* to be useful, to be advantageous
    Synonyms: berfaedah, berguna
    Antonym: bersia-sia
# bidang miring
## Indonesian
### Noun

bidang miring (plural bidang-bidang miring)
* (physics) inclined plane
# bikarbonat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch bicarbonaat.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /bikarˈbonat/ [bi.karˈbo.nat̪̚]
* Rhymes: -onat
* Syllabification: bi‧kar‧bo‧nat

### Noun

bikarbonat (plural bikarbonat-bikarbonat)
* (chemistry) bicarbonate
    Synonym: asam karbonat

### Further reading

* “bikarbonat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From bi- +‎ karbonat.

### Noun

bikarbonat n (definite singular bikarbonatet, indefinite plural bikarbonat or bikarbonater, definite plural bikarbonata or bikarbonatene)
* (chemistry) bicarbonate, an older name for hydrogenkarbonat

### References

* “bikarbonat” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Swedish
### Etymology

Compound of bi- (“bi-”) +‎ karbonat (“carbonate”), derived from Latin carbo (“coal”). Attested since 1820.
Cognate with English bicarbonate, French bicarbonate and German bikarbonat.

### Noun

bikarbonat c
* (chemistry, cooking) trivial name for the salt sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO$_3$), one of the constituents of baking soda
** c. 2021, Najla Gergi, “Chocolate chip cookies”, in Tasteline‎:4. Blanda ihop mjöl, bikarbonat och salt i en separat bunke.4. Mix flour, sodium bicarbonate and salt in a separate bowl.
* (chemistry, food) trivial name for bicarbonate, HCO$_3$$^−$, one of the ions that are formed when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water

### See also

* bakpulver (“baking powder”)
* hjorthornssalt (“hartshorn salt, baker’s ammonia”)
* jäst (“yeast”)

### References

* bikarbonat in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bikarbonat in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
# bilik suara
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of bilik (“booth”) +‎ suara (“vote”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbi.lɪʔ ˈsua̯.ra/

### Noun

bilik suara (plural bilik-bilik suara)
* (politics) polling booth, voting booth: a small enclosed compartment where a voter may register a vote in private; it may house some voting machine, or just have a pencil for marking a voting slip
    Synonym: bilik pemungutan suara

#### Synonyms

* pondok pengundi (Standard Malay)
# biologi molekuler
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, compound of biologi +‎ molekuler. Compare Dutch moleculaire biologie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bio.lo.ɡi mo.lə.ˈku.lɛr/

### Noun

biologi molekuler (plural biologi-biologi molekuler)
* (biology, biochemistry, genetics) molecular biology

#### Usage notes

Although Pasti (Padanan Istilah) prefers MABBIM biologi molekul, the preferred forms are biologi molekuler and biologi molekular.

#### Alternative forms

* biologi molekular
* biologi molekul (Johor-Riau)
# biru ceraka
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of biru (“blue”) +‎ ceraka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbi.ru t͡ʃə.ˈra.ka/

### Noun

biru ceraka (plural biru-biru ceraka)
* flax blue, light steel blue.
    biru ceraka:

### Further reading

* “biru ceraka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
* Pusat Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (1984) Daftar Istilah Warna [Colour Terms List] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia
# biru telur itik
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of biru (“blue”) +‎ telur (“egg”) +‎ itik (“duck”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbi.ru tə.ˈlʊr ˈi.tɪk/

### Noun

biru telur itik (plural biru-biru telur itik)
* glaucous
    biru telur itik:
* greenish glaucous
    biru telur itik:
* pale bluish green

### Further reading

* Pusat Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (1984) Daftar Istilah Warna [Colour Terms List] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia
# bisai
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophones: bisé, bisée, bisées, biser, bisés, bisez

### Verb

bisai
* first-person singular past historic of biser

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay bisai, from Tamil விசை (vicai, “victory”), from Sanskrit विजय (vijaya). Doublet of wijaya.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbisai̯]
* Hyphenation: bi‧sai

### Adjective

bisai
* (obsolete) fine, pretty, nice
    Synonyms: bagus, elok

### Noun

bisai (plural bisai-bisai)
* (obsolete) coquette; dandy
    Synonym: pesolek

### Further reading

* “bisai” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Portuguese
### Verb

bisai
* second-person plural imperative of bisar
# boikot massal
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of boikot +‎ massal, from English mass boycott.

### Noun

boikot massal (plural boikot-boikot massal)
* mass boycott

### Further reading

* “boikot massal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# bolu
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbolu]

### Noun

bolu
* genitive/locative/dative singular of bol

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbolu/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

bolu
* imperative of boli

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbolu/
* Hyphenation: bo‧lu

### Etymology 1

From Portuguese bolo, from bola. Doublet of bola.

#### Noun

bolu (plural bolu-bolu)
* (cooking) cake
    Synonym: keik

##### Derived terms

* bolu kemojo
* bolu kukus

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

#### Noun

bolu (plural bolu-bolu)
* milkfish (Chanos chanos)
    Synonym: bandeng

### Further reading

* “bolu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# brunois
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English brunoise, from French brunoise.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bruˈnoɪs]
* Hyphenation: bru‧no‧is

### Noun

brunois (plural brunois-brunois)
* (cooking) brunoise: a very fine dice; a method of cutting vegetables, usually to the dimensions of 2 mm or less, by julienning and then cutting many times at a 90-degree angle to the julienne

### Further reading

* “brunois” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# bufer
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Russian буфер (bufer).

### Noun

bufer
* buffer

#### Declension
### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
* “bufer”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch buffer, from English buffer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbufər]
* Hyphenation: bu‧fêr

### Noun

bufer (plural bufer-bufer)
* buffer:
** (chemistry) a solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid
    Synonyms: dapar, penyangga
    Synonym: penimbalan (Standard Malay)
** (computing) a portion of memory set aside to temporarily store data, often before it is sent to an external device or as it is received from an external device
    Synonym: penyangga

### Further reading

* “bufer” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From English buffer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bǔfer/
* Hyphenation: bu‧fer

### Noun

bùfer m (Cyrillic spelling бу̀фер)
* (colloquial) bumper (of a vehicle, rail wagon or tram)

### References

* “bufer”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# qimuttuitsut
## Greenlandic
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to qimuttuarsuk (“horse”)?”

### Pronunciation

* (Nuuk) IPA: /qimuttuitsut/, [qy.mʊt.tʊ.ʷɪt.t͡sʉt]

### Noun

qimuttuitsut
* (plural only) train

### References

* qimuttuitsut in Katersat
* “qimuttuitsut“ in iserasuaat.gl
# bugenvil
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch bougainville, from translingual Bougainvillea. Named after Louis Antoine de Bougainville.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [buˈɡɛnvɪl]
* Hyphenation: bu‧gèn‧vil
* Rhymes: -vil, -il, -l

### Noun

bugènvil (plural bugenvil-bugenvil)
* (botany) bougainvillea, shrub of the genus Bougainvillea
    Synonym: bunga kertas

### Further reading

* “bugenvil” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# cacar
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃat͡ʃar]
* Hyphenation: ca‧car

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay cacar, from Hindi चेचक (cecak).

#### Noun

cacar (plural cacar-cacar)
* (pathology) variola, smallpox: An acute, highly infectious often fatal disease caused by Variola virus of the family Poxviridae. It was completely eradicated in the 1970s. Those who survived were left with pockmarks
    Synonyms: ketumbuhan, variola

##### Derived terms

* bercacar
* mencacar
* pencacar
* pencacaran
* cacar air
* cacar api
* cacar betul
* cacar jeluntung
* cacar monyet
* cacar nanah
* cacar pohon
* cacar sapi
* cacar ular
* cacar unggas
* cacar unggas air

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

cacar
* restless
    Synonyms: cacau, lincah

##### Derived terms

* bercacar
* mencacar

### Etymology 3

From Sundanese [Term?].

#### Verb

cacar
* (dialect) to mow the grass and trim the tree

### Further reading

* “cacar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃat͡ʃar]
* Rhymes: -t͡ʃar, -ar

### Noun

cacar (Jawi spelling چاچر, plural cacar-cacar, informal 1st possessive cacarku, 2nd possessive cacarmu, 3rd possessive cacarnya)
* (pathology) variola, smallpox: An acute, highly infectious often fatal disease caused by Variola virus of the family Poxviridae. It was completely eradicated in the 1970s. Those who survived were left with pockmarks.

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pencacar [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* pencacaran [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* mencacar [agent focus] (meN-)
* dicacar [patient focus] (di-)
* bercacar [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* cacar air
* cacar betul
* cacar jelutung
* cacar lembu
* cacar monyet
* cacar nanah
* cacar palsu
* tanam cacar

### Further reading

* “cacar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Sundanese
### Noun

cacar (Sundanese script ᮎᮎᮁ)
* chickenpox
# cacar api
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of cacar (“variola, smallpox”) +‎ api (“fire”), named after burning pain of neuropathic pain in herpes zoster.

### Noun

cacar api (plural cacar-cacar api)
* (pathology) herpes zoster, shingles
    Synonyms: cacar ular, herpes zoster

### Further reading

* “cacar api” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# enquerre
## Middle French
### Etymology

From Latin inquīrere.

### Verb

enquerre
* to ask; to demand; to inquire

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin inquīrere.

### Verb

enquerre
* to ask; to demand; to inquire

#### Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem enquier distinct from the unstressed stem enquer, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:enquerre.

#### Descendants

* → English: inquire, enquire
* French: enquérir (archaic)
# calir tangan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of calir (“lotion”) +‎ tangan (“hand”), calque of English hand lotion.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃalɪr ˈtaŋan/

### Noun

calir tangan (plural calir-calir tangan)
* (cosmetics) hand lotion

### Further reading

* “calir tangan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# candi pewara
## Indonesian
### Etymology

candi +‎ perwara.

### Noun

candi pewara (plural candi-candi pewara)
* guardian or peripheral temple
    Synonym: perwara

### Further reading

* “candi pewara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# cangkul
## English
### Noun

cangkul (plural cangkuls)
* A kind of adze hoe used in Indonesia and Malaysia.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay cangkul, from Proto-Malayic *caŋkul.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃaŋkʊl]
* Hyphenation: cang‧kul

### Noun

cangkul (plural cangkul-cangkul)
* hoe (agricultural tool)
    Synonym: pacul

#### Derived terms

* bercangkul
* mencangkul
* mencangkuli
* pencangkul
* pencangkulan
* secangkul

### Further reading

* “cangkul” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *caŋkul.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /t͡ʃaŋkol/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /t͡ʃaŋkʊl/
* Rhymes: -aŋkol, -kol, -ol
* Rhymes: -ul

### Noun

cangkul (Jawi spelling چڠکول, plural cangkul-cangkul, informal 1st possessive cangkulku, 2nd possessive cangkulmu, 3rd possessive cangkulnya)
* hoe (agricultural tool)

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: cangkul

### Further reading

* “cangkul” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# capcay
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃapt͡ʃaj/ [ˈt͡ʃap.t͡ʃai̯]
* Syllabification: cap‧cay

### Etymology 1

From corruption of English captcha.

#### Noun

capcay (plural capcay-capcay)
* (Kaskus) captcha

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

capcay (plural capcay-capcay)
* (proscribed by KBBI) Alternative form of capcai
# cangklek
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Sundanese [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃaŋklek̚/
* Hyphenation: cang‧klék

### Noun

cangklék (plural cangklek-cangklek)
* (dialect) handle: the part of an object (teacup) which is (designed to be) held in the hand when used or moved
    Synonym: pegangan

### Further reading

* “cangklek” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# cepu
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃəˈpu]
* Hyphenation: cê‧pu

### Etymology 1

From Malay cepu, from Tamil செப்பு (ceppu).

#### Noun

cepu (plural cepu-cepu)
* small box

##### Alternative forms

* cepuk
* cupu

### Etymology 2

Probably from Baba Malay chepuak (“belong to particular group”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

cepu (plural cepu-cepu)
* police informant
* (slang) snitch

### Further reading

* “cepu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latvian
### Verb

cepu
* first-person singular present/past indicative of cept

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Tamil செப்பு (ceppu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃəpu/
* Rhymes: -əpu, -pu, -u

### Noun

cepu (Jawi spelling چڤو, plural cepu-cepu, informal 1st possessive cepuku, 2nd possessive cepumu, 3rd possessive cepunya)
* a round-lidded vessel made out of silver or wood etc. to store betel, tobacco, gambier etc.

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: cepu
* → Old Javanese: cupu
** > Javanese: ꦕꦸꦥꦸ (cupu) (inherited)
*** → Indonesian: cupu
* → Gayo: cerpu

#### Further reading

* “cepu” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sɛ.pu/
* Rhymes: -ɛpu
* Syllabification: ce‧pu

### Noun

cepu m inan
* genitive singular of cep

## Slovak
### Noun

cepu
* dative singular of cep
# skalk
## Gothic
### Romanization

skalk
* Romanization of 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* scalc, scalk

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *skalk, from Proto-Germanic *skalkaz.

### Noun

skalk m
* serf
* servant
* disciple
* slave

#### Derived terms

* skifskalk

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: schalc
** German: Schalk
** Luxembourgish: Schallek
* → Italian: scalco (from Lombardic)

#### References

* Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Swedish skalker, from Middle Low German scalc, schalk. Cognate of German Schalk. Doublet of marskalk.

#### Noun

skalk c
* (archaic) rogue, scoundrel

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Doublet of skal and skilja. First attested in 1773. Compare Norwegian Nynorsk skalk.

#### Noun

skalk c
* rind, crust

##### Usage notes

Used when describing cheese and bread, not fruit.

##### Declension
### References

* skalk in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* skalk in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* skalk in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* skalk in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
# driver ant
## English
### Noun

driver ant (plural driver ants)
* An army ant of the genus Dorylus.

#### Synonyms

* (army ant): safari ant

### Further reading

* driver ant on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Dorylus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Dorylus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# eftersøgning
## Danish
### Etymology

From eftersøge +‎ -ning.

### Noun

eftersøgning c (singular definite eftersøgningen, plural indefinite eftersøgninger)
* a search

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “eftersøgning” in Den Danske Ordbog
# cubluk kembar
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of cubluk (“cesspit, soak pit”) +‎ kembar (“double”).

### Noun

cubluk kembar (plural cubluk-cubluk kembar)
* (engineering) two wells to collect and seep waste from the toilet, made by digging the ground and used alternately

### Further reading

* “cubluk kembar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# daftar pencarian orang
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of daftar (“list”) +‎ pencarian (“finding, search”) +‎ orang (“person”).

### Noun

daftar pencarian orang (plural daftar-daftar pencarian orang)
* (law enforcement) wanted list

#### Alternative forms

* DPO

### Further reading

* “daftar pencarian orang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# daftar upah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of daftar (“list”) +‎ upah, calque of Dutch loonlijst (“payroll”). Attested since 1898.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdaftar ˈʊpah/

### Noun

daftar upah (plural daftar-daftar upah)
* payroll: a list of employees who receive salary or wages, together with the amounts due to each

### Further reading

* “daftar upah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dam sabo
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of dam (“dam”) +‎ sabo (“erosion control”), from Japanese 砂防(さぼう)ダム (sabōdamu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdam ˈsabo]

### Noun

dam sabo (plural dam-dam sabo)
* check dam: a small, sometimes temporary, dam constructed across a swale, drainage ditch, or waterway to counteract erosion by reducing water flow velocity
    Synonym: dam kendali

#### Synonyms

* empangan penyekat (Standard Malay)
* empangan kawalan (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “dam sabo” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kenegaraan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed negara +‎ ke- -an.

### Noun

kenegaraan (plural kenegaraan-kenegaraan)
* (politics) state: centralized political organization that regulates law and society

### Further reading

* “kenegaraan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# ウェン
## Ainu
### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *hdEn (“to be bad”).

### Adjective

ウェン • (wen)
* (Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril) evil, wicked

#### Antonyms

* ピリカ (pirika, “good”)

#### Derived terms

* ウェンオヤシ (wen oyasi, “evil spirit, demon”)
* ウェンカムイ (wen kamuy, “evil god, demon”)
* ウェンクㇽ (wen kur, “poor person”)
* ウエンニソロ (wen nisoro, “cloudy weather”) (Kuril Ainu)
* ウェンペ (wen pe, “crook, bad person, lazy person”)
* ウェンペクㇽ (wen pe kur, “wicked or evil person”)

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)
   * 『千島アイヌ』「千島地名普通單語集」 (Chishima Ainu - Chishima Chimei Futsū Tango Shū, “Kuril Islands Ainu - Kuril place name common word list”)‎ (in Japanese), Hokkaidō: 鳥居龍藏 (Torii Ryūzō), 1903 (Kuril)
# sepasang
## Indonesian
### Noun

sepasang (plural sepasang-sepasang)
* a pair of
# albāniskajai
## Latvian
### Adjective

albāniskajai
* definite dative feminine singular of albānisks
# albāniskas
## Latvian
### Adjective

albāniskas
* inflection of albānisks:
** genitive feminine singular
** nominative/accusative feminine plural
# albāniskākai
## Latvian
### Adjective

albāniskākai
* dative feminine singular of albāniskāks
# albāniskākām
## Latvian
### Adjective

albāniskākām
* dative/instrumental feminine plural of albāniskāks
# albāniskākus
## Latvian
### Adjective

albāniskākus
* accusative masculine plural of albāniskāks
# amerikāniskajai
## Latvian
### Adjective

amerikāniskajai
* definite dative feminine singular of amerikānisks
# albānisko
## Latvian
### Adjective

albānisko
* inflection of albānisks:
** definite vocative/accusative/instrumental masculine/feminine singular
** definite genitive masculine/feminine plural
# amerikāniskajās
## Latvian
### Adjective

amerikāniskajās
* definite locative feminine plural of amerikānisks