OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# catatan sipil
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of catatan +‎ sipil.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃa.ˈtat.an ˈsi.pɪl/

### Noun

catatan sipil (plural catatan-catatan sipil)
* (government) civil registry

### Further reading

* “catatan sipil” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# cultuurstelsel
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of cultuur (“cultivation, culture”) +‎ stelsel (“system”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʏlˈtyːrˌstɛl.səl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: cul‧tuur‧stel‧sel

### Proper noun

cultuurstelsel n
* (historical) a policy of allocating (nominally) 20% of agricultural land in the Dutch East Indies to export crops, imposed by the Dutch government as a type of lease, operating from 1830 until the 1870s for most products and until the early twentieth century for coffee; the system was widely abused leading to much higher land use for export crops

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: cultuurstelsel

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch cultuurstelsel (literally “cultivation system”), from Dutch cultuur (“culture”) + stelsel (“system”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʊltʊrstɛlsəl/
* Hyphenation: cul‧tuur‧stel‧sel

### Noun

cultuurstelsel
* a Dutch East Indies government policy to allocate rural land for export crops from 1830 to c.1870
    Synonym: tanam paksa

### Further reading

* “cultuurstelsel” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# lápiz labial
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /ˌlapiθ laˈbjal/ [ˌla.piθ laˈβ̞jal]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /ˌlapis laˈbjal/ [ˌla.pis laˈβ̞jal]
* Syllabification: lá‧piz la‧bial

### Noun

lápiz labial m (plural lápices labiales)
* lipstick
    Synonym: lápiz de labios
# daftar periksa
## Indonesian
### Etymology

daftar (“list”) +‎ periksa (“check”), calque of English checklist.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [daftar pərɪksa]

### Noun

daftar periksa (plural daftar-daftar periksa)
* checklist

### Further reading

* “daftar periksa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# daging putih
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of daging (“meat”) +‎ putih (“white”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdaɡɪŋ ˈputɪh]

### Noun

daging putih (plural daging-daging putih)
* (cooking) white meat: meat which is pale in color before and after cooking
    Antonym: daging merah

### Further reading

* “daging putih” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dandenzipur
## Indonesian
### Noun

dandenzipur (plural dandenzipur-dandenzipur)
* short for komandan detasemen zeni tempur (“combat engineer detachment commander”).
# safari ant
## English
### Noun

safari ant (plural safari ants)
* An army ant of the genus Dorylus, native to central and east Africa.

#### Synonyms

* (ant in Dorylus): driver ant, siafu

#### Translations
### Further reading

* safari ant on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Dorylus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Dorylus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

### Anagrams

* farinatas
# æbleskive
## Danish
### Etymology

From æble (“apple”) +‎ skive (“slice”). Historically, a slice of apple was dipped in batter and cooked.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛːbləˌsɡiːvə/, [ˈeːb̥ləˌsɡ̊iːw]

### Noun

æbleskive c (singular definite æbleskiven, plural indefinite æbleskiver)
* A Danish pancake shaped like a ball, often served with sugar and jam.

#### Inflection
### References

* “æbleskive” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Greenlandic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Danish æbleskive (literally “apple slice”).

### Noun

æbleskive (plural æbleskivit)
* æbleskive (Danish ball-shaped pancake)

### References

* æbleskive in Katersat
* “æbleskive“ in iserasuaat.gl
# daya muat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of daya +‎ muat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdaja ˈmuat/

### Noun

daya muat (plural daya-daya muat)
* carrying capacity
    Synonyms: daya dukung, kapasitas dukung, kapasitas angkat

### Further reading

* “daya muat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Habeliidae
## Translingual
### Etymology

From †Habelia +‎ -idae.

### Proper noun

Habeliidae
* A taxonomic family within the order †Habeliida.

#### Hyponyms

* (family): †Habelia – sole genus

### References

* Habeliidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Habeliidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Habeliidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# apek
## Indonesian
### Etymology 1

From Hakka 阿伯 (â-pak, “paternal uncle, old man”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.pɛk/
* Hyphenation: a‧pèk

#### Noun

apek (plural apek-apek)
* honorific for Chinese parent or man

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /apək/
* Hyphenation: a‧pêk

#### Adjective

apek
* (nonstandard) Alternative spelling of apak (“mouldy”)

### Further reading

* “apek” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Old Tupi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈpɛk/
* Rhymes: -ɛk
* Hyphenation: a‧pek

### Verb

apek (first-person singular active indicative asapek, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asapeki, noun apeka) (transitive)
* to singe (to remove the hair from skin by passing over a flame)
** c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 162; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:(please add the primary text of this quotation)[Xe posaká, xe ratã; oroapek; oroesyne […] ]I am valiant, I am strong; I will singe you; I will roast you […]
* to toast (to lightly cook by browning over fire)

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Portuguese: sapecar

### References

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “apek”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 45, column 2

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.pɛk/
* Rhymes: -apɛk
* Syllabification: a‧pek

### Noun

apek
* genitive plural of apka
# bahan makanan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of bahan +‎ makanan (“food”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌba.han maˈka.nan/, [ˌba.han maˈka.nan]

### Noun

bahan makanan (plural bahan-bahan makanan)
* foodstuff: a material that may be used as food

#### Synonyms

* barang makanan (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “bahan makanan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
* Hadyana Pudjaatmaka, Susilowati (1987) Kamus Kimia: Biokimia [Dictionary of Chemistry: Biochemistry] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, page 40
# inti sel
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of inti +‎ sel, calque of Dutch celkern (“nucleus”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪnti ˈsɛl/

### Noun

inti sel (plural inti-inti sel)
* (cytology) nucleus: A large membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells which contains genetic material
    Synonyms: inti, nukleus

### Further reading

* “inti sel” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# daftar upah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of daftar (“list”) +‎ upah, calque of Dutch loonlijst (“payroll”). Attested since 1898.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdaftar ˈʊpah/

### Noun

daftar upah (uncountable)
* payroll: a list of employees who receive salary or wages, together with the amounts due to each

### Further reading

* “daftar upah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dedapur
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From partial initial reduplication of dapur (“kitchen”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d̪əˈd̪apʊr]
* Hyphenation: dê‧da‧pur

### Noun

dedapur (plural dedapur-dedapur)
* cupboard: a cabinet, closet, or other piece of furniture with shelves intended for storing cookware, dishware, or food; similar cabinets or closets used for storing other items
    Synonym: lemari

### Further reading

* “dedapur” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# delegitimasi politik
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of delegitimasi (“delegitimization, delegitimisation”) +‎ politik (“politics”).

### Noun

delegitimasi politik (plural delegitimasi-delegitimasi politik)
* (politics) the state of a person, party, or government that no longer receives political recognition and support from society

### Further reading

* “delegitimasi politik” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# delik culpa
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dəˈlɪk̚ ˈkʊlpa/

### Noun

delik culpa (plural delik-delik culpa)
* (law) Alternative spelling of delik kulpa (“negligence delict”)

### Further reading

* “delik culpa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# זתומרת
## Hebrew
### Phrase

זתומרת • (ztoméret)
* Contraction of זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת.
# detoksifikasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch detoxificatie, from French détoxification.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /detɔk̚sifiˈkasi/
* Hyphenation: dé‧tok‧si‧fi‧ka‧si

### Noun

détoksifikasi (plural detoksifikasi-detoksifikasi)
* (medicine) detoxification: the process of removing toxins

#### Alternative forms

* detoks

### Further reading

* “detoksifikasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Viperidae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Vipera +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

Viperidae
* A taxonomic family within the order Squamata – many venomous snakes (the vipers).

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Reptilia – class; Diapsida – subclass; Lepidosauromorpha – infraclass; Lepidosauria – superorder; Squamata – order; Viperoidea - superfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Azemiopinae, Crotalinae, Viperinae – subfamilies
** Agkistrodon, Atropoides, Atheris, Azemiops, Bitis, Bothriechis, Bothrocophias, Bothrops, Calloselasma, Causus, Cerastes, Cerrophidion, Craspedocephalus, Crotalus, Daboia, Deinagkistrodon, Echis, Eristicophis, Garthius, Gloydius, Hypnale, Lachesis, Macrovipera, Metlapilcoatlus, Mixcoatlus, Montatheris, Montivipera, Ophryacus, Ovophis, Porthidium, Proatheris, Protobothrops, Pseudocerastes, Sistrurus, Trimeresurus, Tropidolaemus, Vipera – genera

### References

* Viperidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Viperidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Viperidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# diagnosis pembanding
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of diagnosis +‎ pembanding, calque of Dutch differentiële diagnose.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [diak̚ˈnosɪs pəmˈbandɪŋ]

### Noun

diagnosis pembanding (plural diagnosis-diagnosis pembanding)
* (standard) differential diagnosis
    Synonyms: diagnosis banding, diagnosis diferensial

### Further reading

* “diagnosis pembanding” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# galopera
## French
### Verb

galopera
* third-person singular future of galoper

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaloˈpeɾa/ [ɡa.loˈpe.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -eɾa
* Syllabification: ga‧lo‧pe‧ra

### Noun

galopera f (plural galoperas)
* a kind of dance from Paraguay
# Viperidae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Vipera +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

Viperidae
* A taxonomic family within the order Squamata – many venomous snakes (the vipers).

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Reptilia – class; Diapsida – subclass; Lepidosauromorpha – infraclass; Lepidosauria – superorder; Squamata – order; Viperoidea - superfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Azemiopinae, Crotalinae, Viperinae – subfamilies
** Agkistrodon, Atheris, Atropoides, Azemiops, Bitis, Bothriechis, Bothrocophias, Bothrops, Calloselasma, Causus, Cerastes, Cerrophidion, Craspedocephalus, Crotalus, Daboia, Deinagkistrodon, Echis, Eristicophis, Garthius, Gloydius, Hypnale, Lachesis, Macrovipera, Metlapilcoatlus, Mixcoatlus, Montatheris, Montivipera, Ophryacus, Ovophis, Porthidium, Proatheris, Protobothrops, Pseudocerastes, Sistrurus, Trimeresurus, Tropidolaemus, Vipera – genera

### References

* Viperidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Viperidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Viperidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# Habeliidae
## Translingual
### Etymology

From †Habelia +‎ -idae.

### Proper noun

†Habeliidae
* A taxonomic family within the order †Habeliida.

#### Hyponyms

* (family): †Habelia – sole genus

### References

* Habeliidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Habeliidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Habeliidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# apendisitis
## Hiligaynon
### Etymology

From Spanish apendicitis.

### Noun

apendisítis
* appendicitis

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin appendicitis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [apɛndiˈsitɪs]
* Hyphenation: apèn‧di‧si‧tis

### Noun

apèndisitis (uncountable)
* (pathology) appendicitis: inflammation of the vermiform appendix

#### Related terms

* apendiks

### Further reading

* “apendisitis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish apendicitis.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔapendiˈsitis/ [ʔɐ.pɛn̪.d̪ɪˈsiː.t̪ɪs]
* Rhymes: -itis
* Syllabification: a‧pen‧di‧si‧tis

### Noun

apendisitis (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔) (pathology)
* appendicitis
    Synonym: maganghugpong

#### Related terms

* apendektomiya
* apendise

### Further reading

* “apendisitis”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
# bahana
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay bahana, from Classical Malay bahana, from Pali bhāṇa, from Sanskrit भनति (bhanati, “to sound, to speak”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [baˈhana]
* Hyphenation: ba‧ha‧na

### Noun

bahana
* loud sound
* echo, resonance

### Adjective

bahana
* (obsolete) great, lovely
* (obsolete) clear, real

### Further reading

* “bahana” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malagasy
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

bahana
* barrier
* impediment, hindrance

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

bahana
* a straddling position
# dam sabo
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of dam (“dam”) +‎ sabo (“erosion control”), from Japanese 砂防(さぼう)ダム (sabōdamu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdam ˈsabo]

### Noun

dam sabo (plural dam-dam sabo)
* check dam: a small, sometimes temporary, dam constructed across a swale, drainage ditch, or waterway to counteract erosion by reducing water flow velocity

#### Synonyms

* dam kendali
* empangan penyekat (Standard Malay)
* empangan kawalan (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “dam sabo” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dana pendamping
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of dana +‎ pendamping.

### Noun

dana pendamping (plural dana-dana pendamping)
* (education) matching fund: funds that are paid in proportion to other funds available for a project or initiative. The goal is to encourage and support initiatives by combining resources from multiple parties
    Synonyms: dana padanan, dana suaian

### Further reading

* Aplikasi Pasti (Padanan Istilah)‎ (in Indonesian), Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, 2021
# dana siswa
## Indonesian
### Etymology

dana (“fund”) +‎ siswa (“student”).

### Noun

dana siswa (plural dana-dana siswa)
* (education) scholarship: a grant-in-aid to a student
    Synonym: beasiswa

### Further reading

* “dana siswa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dana suaian
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of dana +‎ suaian.

### Noun

dana suaian (plural dana-dana suaian)
* (education) matching fund: funds that are paid in proportion to other funds available for a project or initiative. The goal is to encourage and support initiatives by combining resources from multiple parties
    Synonyms: dana padanan, dana pendamping

### Further reading

* Aplikasi Pasti (Padanan Istilah)‎ (in Indonesian), Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, 2021
# dangdut
## English
### Etymology

From the Javanese onomatopoeia for the sound of the tabla, reportedly coined by the music magazine Aktuil.

### Noun

dangdut (uncountable)
* (music) A genre of Indonesian music that combines elements of Arab and Malay folk music.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Altered from dang-ding-dut. Coined by Tempo (Indonesian magazine).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [daŋdʊt̚]

### Noun

dangdut
* (music) dangdut, a genre of Indonesian music that combines elements of Arab and Malay folk music
# dapur-dapur
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From full reduplication of dapur (“kitchen”).

### Noun

dapur-dapur (plural dapur-dapur)
* external part (of things, or parts of the body)

### Further reading

* “dapur-dapur” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dargah
## English
### Alternative forms

* durgah, durgaw

### Etymology

From Hindustani درگاہ / दरगाह (dargāh), from Classical Persian درگاه (dargāh). See also English eidgah.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɜː(ɹ)ɡɑː/, /ˈdɑː(ɹ)ɡɑː/

### Noun

dargah (plural dargahs)
* (Islam, South Asia) A shrine associated with the grave of a Muslim saint or similar religious figure.
** 2008, Amitav Ghosh, Sea of Poppies, Penguin, published 2015, page 61:If not for the fakir's dargah the village might well have melted back into the mud, its inhabitants not being the kind of people to tarry long in one place […].
** 2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 86:But beyond the dargah, and the medieval warren in which it sits, north India's present-day politics can be a good deal less accommodating of religious diversity.

#### Synonyms

* maqam (used more often in the Levant)

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Raghda

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Persian درگاه (dargâh).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdarɡah/
* Hyphenation: dar‧gah
* Rhymes: -ɡah, -ah, -h

### Noun

dargah (plural dargah-dargah)
* dargah
    Hypernym: tabut

### References

* ↑ Mohammad Khosh Haikal Azad (2018) “Historical Cultural Linkages between Iran and Southeast Asia: Entered Persian Vocabularies in the Malay Language”, in Journal of Cultural Relation (in Persian), pages 117-144

### Further reading

* “dargah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# darji
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay derji, from Persian درزی (darzi, “tailor”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdard͡ʒi/
* Hyphenation: dar‧ji
* Rhymes: -d͡ʒi, -i

### Noun

darji (plural darji-darji)
* (archaic) tailor
    Synonym: penjahit

### References

* ↑ Mohammad Khosh Haikal Azad (2018) “Historical Cultural Linkages between Iran and Southeast Asia: Entered Persian Vocabularies in the Malay Language”, in Journal of Cultural Relation (in Persian), pages 117-144

### Further reading

* “darji” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# datuk
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay datuk, from Proto-Malayic *datuʔ (“head of a clean, elderly leader”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu, from Proto-Austronesian *datu. Doublet of ratu.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈdatuʔ/ [ˈda.t̪ʊʔ]
* Rhymes: -atuʔ
* Syllabification: da‧tuk

### Noun

datuk (uncountable)
* grandfather
    Synonyms: aki, kakek
* elder
* title for elder
* (dialect, Minangkabau) traditional chief
    Synonyms: kepala adat, penghulu adat
* (dialect, Minangkabau) genie, jinn
    Synonyms: jin, toapekong
* (dialect, obsolete) synonym of harimau (“tiger”)

#### Alternative forms

* atuk

#### Derived terms

* berdatuk
* datuk nenek
* datuk poyang

### Further reading

* “datuk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* datok (pre-1972 standard, phonetic spelling)
* atuk
* tuk

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu, from Proto-Austronesian *datu. Doublet of datu, datung, and ratu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /datuk/, [datoʔ]
* Rhymes: -tuk, -uk

### Noun

datuk (Jawi spelling داتوق, plural datuk-datuk, informal 1st possessive datukku, 2nd possessive datukmu, 3rd possessive datuknya)
* A father of someone's parent; a grandfather.
* A form of address to one's grandfather or someone of a similar age.
* A form of address to someone who possesses the title of Datuk.
* (archaic) A form of address to a police officer or by a police officer to their superior.
* A type of ghost.
    Synonyms: puaka, penunggu
* (Chinese folk religion) An idol.
    Synonyms: berhala, topekong, dewa
* (informal) A form of address to tigers.
    Datuk harimau ― Mr tiger
* (by extension) elder
* title for elder

#### Derived terms
##### Affixations

* datukkan
* didatukkan
* mendatukkan

##### Compounds

* datuk bandar
* datuk betina
* datuk kayu
* datuk nenek
* rumah datuk

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: datuk
* → Hokkien: 拿督

#### See also

* nenek (“grandmother”)
* Datuk (title)

### Further reading

* “datuk” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*datu”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
# chunusi
## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

chunusi class IX (plural chunusi class X)
* pimple, acne