# suku
## Aruop
### Noun

suku
* water

### References

* transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

## Ewe
### Noun

suku
* school

## Fataluku
### Verb

suku
* to sew

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *suku.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsuku/, [ˈs̠uku]
* Rhymes: -uku
* Hyphenation: su‧ku

### Noun

suku
* extended family, kin (in addition to parents and children, includes cousins, uncles, aunts, grandparents and farther relatives)
    Coordinate term: perhe
* (taxonomy) genus
* (linguistics) gender
* (topology) Synonym of genus (“genus”)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of suku (Kotus type 1*M/valo, k-v gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sukuni
sukuni
accusative
nom.
sukuni
sukuni
gen.
sukuni
genitive
sukuni
sukujeni
partitive
sukuani
sukujani
inessive
suvussani
suvuissani
elative
suvustani
suvuistani
illative
sukuuni
sukuihini
adessive
suvullani
suvuillani
ablative
suvultani
suvuiltani
allative
suvulleni
suvuilleni
essive
sukunani
sukuinani
translative
suvukseni
suvuikseni
abessive
suvuttani
suvuittani
instructive
comitative
—sukuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sukusi
sukusi
accusative
nom.
sukusi
sukusi
gen.
sukusi
genitive
sukusi
sukujesi
partitive
sukuasi
sukujasi
inessive
suvussasi
suvuissasi
elative
suvustasi
suvuistasi
illative
sukuusi
sukuihisi
adessive
suvullasi
suvuillasi
ablative
suvultasi
suvuiltasi
allative
suvullesi
suvuillesi
essive
sukunasi
sukuinasi
translative
suvuksesi
suvuiksesi
abessive
suvuttasi
suvuittasi
instructive
comitative
—sukuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sukumme
sukumme
accusative
nom.
sukumme
sukumme
gen.
sukumme
genitive
sukumme
sukujemme
partitive
sukuamme
sukujamme
inessive
suvussamme
suvuissamme
elative
suvustamme
suvuistamme
illative
sukuumme
sukuihimme
adessive
suvullamme
suvuillamme
ablative
suvultamme
suvuiltamme
allative
suvullemme
suvuillemme
essive
sukunamme
sukuinamme
translative
suvuksemme
suvuiksemme
abessive
suvuttamme
suvuittamme
instructive
comitative
—sukuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sukunne
sukunne
accusative
nom.
sukunne
sukunne
gen.
sukunne
genitive
sukunne
sukujenne
partitive
sukuanne
sukujanne
inessive
suvussanne
suvuissanne
elative
suvustanne
suvuistanne
illative
sukuunne
sukuihinne
adessive
suvullanne
suvuillanne
ablative
suvultanne
suvuiltanne
allative
suvullenne
suvuillenne
essive
sukunanne
sukuinanne
translative
suvuksenne
suvuiksenne
abessive
suvuttanne
suvuittanne
instructive
comitative
—sukuinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sukunsa
sukunsa
accusative
nom.
sukunsa
sukunsa
gen.
sukunsa
genitive
sukunsa
sukujensa
partitive
sukuaan sukuansa
sukujaan sukujansa
inessive
suvussaan suvussansa
suvuissaan suvuissansa
elative
suvustaan suvustansa
suvuistaan suvuistansa
illative
sukuunsa
sukuihinsa
adessive
suvullaan suvullansa
suvuillaan suvuillansa
ablative
suvultaan suvultansa
suvuiltaan suvuiltansa
allative
suvulleen suvullensa
suvuilleen suvuillensa
essive
sukunaan sukunansa
sukuinaan sukuinansa
translative
suvukseen suvuksensa
suvuikseen suvuiksensa
abessive
suvuttaan suvuttansa
suvuittaan suvuittansa
instructive
comitative
—sukuineen sukuinensa :

#### Derived terms

* suinkaan
* suinkin
* sukuinen
* sukuisin
* sukulainen
* sukuloida
* suvuittain
* suvullinen
* suvuton
* aatelissuku
* alasuku
* alhaissukuinen
* en-suku
* feminiinisuku
* hallitsijasuku
* halpasukuinen
* ihmissuku
* kaksisukuinen
* kasvisuku
* keisarisuku
* kreivisuku
* kuningassuku
* lähisuku
* mahtisuku
* maskuliinisuku
* miessuku
* naissuku
* olutpanimosuku
* pappissuku
* ruhtinassuku
* sukuanamneesi
* sukuelin
* sukuhaara
* sukuhauta
* sukuhistoria
* sukuhormoni
* sukujuhla
* sukujuuret
* sukujuuri
* sukukalleus
* sukukansa
* sukukartano
* sukukieli
* sukukirja
* sukukokous
* sukukunta
* sukukypsä
* sukuluettelo
* sukunimi
* sukunäkö
* sukuoikeus
* sukuperä
* sukupolvi
* sukupuoli
* sukupuu
* sukupuutto
* sukurakas
* sukurasite
* sukurasitus
* sukurauhanen
* sukuriita
* sukuromaani
* sukurutsa
* sukurutsaus
* sukuryhmä
* sukuselvitys
* sukuseura
* sukusiitos
* sukusolu
* sukutalo
* sukutaulu
* sukutila
* sukututkija
* sukututkimus
* sukuvaakuna
* Sukuvaara
* sukuvietti
* sukuvika
* sukuyhteisö
* sukuylpeä
* suomensukuinen
* suvunjatkaja
* suvunjatkamiskyky
* talonpoikaissuku

#### Collocations

* olla sukua ― to be related/kin to; (linguistics) to be cognate with (+ allative)
* olla omaa sukua ― to have a maiden name (of) (+ possessive suffix)
    Maija Meikäläinen on omaa sukuaan Mäkelä.Maija Meikäläinen has the maiden name Mäkelä.
* olla suvussa ― to run in the family
* kulkea suvussa ― to run in the family

### Further reading

* “suku”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* kusu, kuus

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* soekoe (1901–1947)

### Etymology

From Malay suku, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku (“one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage”).
* The sense “clan” is a semantic loan from Minangkabau suku.
* The sense “footer” is a semantic loan from English footer.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈsuku/ [ˈsu.ku]
* Rhymes: -uku
* Syllabification: su‧ku

### Noun

suku (plural suku-suku)
* footer (a printed line of information)
    Synonyms: sukuan, catatan kaki
* (typically in compounds) part
    Synonym: bagian
* quarter (a fourth part of something)
    Synonym: seperempat
* half rupiah
* (arithmetic) numerator and denominator
    Hyponyms: pembilang, penyebut
* clan (a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief)
    Synonyms: suku sakat, klan
* ethnicity, ethnic group
    Synonyms: etnis, suku bangsa
* (biology, taxonomy) family (a category in the classification of organisms)
    Synonyms: famili, keluarga
* (mathematics) term (a type of value (variable or constant) or expression)
* (Jambi, Palembang) a traditional unit of gold weight, equal six point seven grams
* (obsolete) Synonym of kaki (“foot; leg”)

#### Derived terms

* bersuku
* bersuku-suku
* kesukuan
* persukuan
* sepersukuan
* sesuku
* suku bangsa
* suku buka
* suku bunga
* suku cadang
* suku dinas
* suku kalimat
* suku kata
* suku padang pasir
* suku pelengkap
* suku sakat
* suku tahun
* suku tertutup

#### Related terms

* bausuku

### References

* ↑ Robert Blust (2017) “The Challenge of Semantic Reconstruction: Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku 'lineage; quarter'?”, in Oceanic Linguistics‎, volume 56, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 247–256

### Further reading

* “suku” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *suku. Cognates include Finnish suku and Estonian sugu.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈsuku/, [ˈs̠uku]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈsuku/, [ˈʃuɡ̊u]
* Rhymes: -uku
* Hyphenation: su‧ku

### Noun

suku
* family, kin
* breed, sort

#### Derived terms

* meessuku
* naissuku
* sukukili
* sukulain
* sukulehmä
* sukunimi
* sukuporona
* suukas

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 547

## Japanese
### Romanization

suku
* Rōmaji transcription of すく

## Javanese
### Romanization

suku
* Romanization of ꦱꦸꦏꦸ.

## Latvian
### Noun

suku
* inflection of suka:
** accusative/instrumental singular
** genitive plural

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku (“one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /su.ku/
* Rhymes: -u

### Noun

suku (Jawi spelling سوکو, plural suku-suku, informal 1st possessive sukuku, 2nd possessive sukumu, 3rd possessive sukunya)
* quarter, fourth, $^1$⁄$_4$ (mathematics)
    Sekarang satu suku. ― It's a quarter past one now.
** (finance) a fourth part of the year; 3 months; a term or season.
    Synonyms: kuartal, trimester (Indonesian)
* race; ethnicity
    Suku Jawa ― Javanese race
* (Negeri Sembilan) A traditional matrilineal clan under Adat Perpatih.

### References

* “suku” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*suku”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Mwani
### Noun

suku class 9 (plural suku)
* day

## Naga Pidgin
### Etymology

From Assamese চকু (soku).

### Noun

suku (plural sukukhan)
* eye

## Northeast Maidu
### Etymology 1

Probably cognate to Wintu suku (“dog, horse”).

#### Noun

suku
* a dog

### Etymology 2

Unclear. Possibly the same as Etymology 1, above.

#### Noun

suku
* a transgender person; a female-bodied person who lives as a man, or vice versa

### See also

* two-spirit

### References

* Sabine Lang, Men as Women, Women as Men →ISBN, 2010): The data available for Maidu suku suggest that "suku" was a complex term that was used to refer to both male and female "berdaches"; [...] female-bodied suku [...] were treated as men and initiated as such into the men's secret society, but also [...] were subjected to gang rape (or voluntary intercourse) in the dance house by all of the men present and were regarded as "prostitutes."
* Serena Nanda, Gender Diversity: Crosscultural Variations (1999, →ISBN, page 24: In addition to occupation, female gender variants might assume other characteristics of men. Cocopa warrhameh wore a masculine hairstyle and had their noses pierced, like boys (Lang 1998:283). Among the Maidu, the female suku also had her nose pierced on the occasion of her initiation into the men's secret society. Mohave hwame were tattooed like men instead of women.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Unknown (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /su.ku/
* Rhymes: -ku
* Homophone: sukū
* Hyphenation: su‧ku

### Noun

suku
* foot:
** a biological structure found in many animals that is used for locomotion and that is frequently a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg.
    Synonyms: caraṇa, dagan, kikil, pāda
** the base or bottom of mountain
* leg

#### Derived terms

* masuku
* suku-suku
* susuku

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦱꦸꦏꦸ (suku) (inherited)
* → Balinese: ᬲᬸᬓᬸ (suku)

### Further reading

* "suku" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Portuguese açúcar and Spanish azúcar and Kabuverdianu sukra.

### Noun

suku
* sugar

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch zoeken.

### Verb

suku
* to search, to try to find, to look (for)
** c. 1970, Michaël Slory, “Dungru worku broko a faja gi mi: wan fresko mamanten”, in Fri-kontren-sma‎, page 9:Mi o gwe go suku wan tra sortu libi now.I'll go away now, to look for a different kind of life.

### Noun

suku
* search
* romantic or erotic proposal

## Sundanese

Sundanese register set :
| lemes | sampéan, dampal |
| lemes ka sorangan | {{{les}}} |
| lemes ka batur | {{{leb}}} |
| loma | suku |
| cohag | cokor, cékér |

### Etymology

* (foot): From Javanese ꦱꦸꦏꦸ (suku)
* (half a rupiah): From Malay. Compare Indonesian suku (“quarter, half a rupiah”).

### Noun

suku (Sundanese script ᮞᮥᮊᮥ)
* foot
* half a rupiah (50 cent)

#### Derived terms

* dampal suku
* indung suku
* panyuku
* tonggong suku

## Ternate
### Etymology 1

From Malay suku (“a quarter, fourth”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsu.ku]

#### Noun

suku
* a quarter real (the coin)

### Etymology 2

From Malay syukur, from Arabic شُكْر (šukr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsu.ku]

#### Noun

suku
* thanks, gratitude

##### Alternative forms

* sukur

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Tetum
### Etymology 1

Unknown.

#### Noun

suku
* tribe

### Etymology 2

A Papuan word, compare Fataluku suku.

#### Verb

suku
* to sew

## Trió
### Noun

suku
* urine

## Votic
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *suku.

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈsuku/, [ˈsuku]
* Rhymes: -uku
* Hyphenation: su‧ku

### Noun

suku
* extended family, kin, lineage
* breed

#### Inflection
### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “suku”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

## Ye'kwana
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [suku]

### Adverb

suku
* while sitting, while seated

### Noun

suku
* urine

### References

* Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “suku”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, pages 264–265
* Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, pages 226, 398: “[ṣuku] 'urine' […] suku - urine”
* Lauer, Matthew Taylor (2005) Fertility in Amazonia: Indigenous Concepts of the Human Reproductive Process Among the Ye’kwana of Southern Venezuela‎, Santa Barbara: University of California, page 217: “sucu”