# calo
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈka.lu]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈka.lo]

### Verb

calo
* first-person singular present indicative of calar

## French
### Etymology

From Caló caló, self-designated Romani slang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.lo/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

calo m (plural calos)
* (slang) Caló; Romani; gypsy

### Further reading

* “calo”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology 1

Attested since circa 1390. From Latin callum (“callus”), from Proto-Indo-European *kal (“hard”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɑlʊ]

#### Noun

calo m (plural calos)
* callus (hardened area of the skin)
** 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 19:Et tãtas vezes ficou os jeonllos ẽno dia fazẽdo oraçõ a Deus, que tragia en eles calosAnd so many times he rested on his knees that day praying God, that he brought calluses on them
** 20th century, a folk song (profanity):
    Unha vella de Taboadelo díxolle a outra de Xustáns que tiña máis calos na cona que o ferreiro ten nas mansAn old woman from Taboadelo Told another from Xustáns that she had more calluses in the cunt than a blacksmith in his hands
* callus (material occurring in bone fractures)

#### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “calo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “calo”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “calo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “calo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “calo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

calo
* first-person singular present indicative of calar

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Cantonese 查佬 as 查 +‎ 佬.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃalo]
* Hyphenation: ca‧lo

### Noun

calo (plural calo-calo)
* (colloquial) passenger recruiter, ticket scalper, broker

#### Derived terms

* mencalo
* pencaloan
* percaloan

### Further reading

* “calo” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.lo/
* Rhymes: -alo
* Hyphenation: cà‧lo

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from calare +‎ -o.

#### Noun

calo m (plural cali)
* (archaic) fall
    Synonym: caduta
* (figurative) drop, loss, decrease
    Synonyms: caduta, diminuzione, ribasso, riduzione, perdita
    Antonyms: aumento, incremento

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

calo
* first-person singular present indicative of calare

### Anagrams

* cola, colà, laco, loca

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* kalō

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *kelō, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”).
Cognate with Latin clāmō, clārus, classis, concilium, Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō), Old English hlōwan (“to make a loud noise, roar, bellow”) (whence English low (“to moo”)). Another possible cognate is Proto-Slavic *kolkolъ (“bell”). Not related to call.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈka.loː/, [ˈkäɫ̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈka.lo/, [ˈkäːlo]

#### Verb

calō (present infinitive calāre, supine calātum); first conjugation, no perfect stem
* to call, announce solemnly, call out

##### Conjugation

Due to the lack of active perfect system forms, the phrase "X called Y" is done via "[nominative of Y] est calātus per [accusative of X]"

##### Derived terms

* Calābra curia
* calandus
** calendae
* calātiō
* calātor
* calātus
* Comitia calata
* intercalō

##### Related terms

* calātōrius

#### References

* “calo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 84-5

### Etymology 2

Unknown. One possibility is a substrate.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkaː.loː/, [ˈkäːɫ̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈka.lo/, [ˈkäːlo]

#### Noun

cālō m (genitive cālōnis); third declension
* a military servant

##### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### References

* “calo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “calo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "calo", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* calo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “calo”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “calo”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
* “calo”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 85

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

calō (present infinitive calāre, perfect active calāvī, supine calātum); first conjugation
* Alternative form of chalō

##### Conjugation
## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* callo (pre-reform spelling)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.lu/
* Rhymes: -alu
* Hyphenation: ca‧lo

### Etymology 1

From Latin callum (“callus”), from Proto-Indo-European *kal (“hard”).

#### Noun

calo m (plural calos)
* callus (hardened area of the skin)
** 1938, Graciliano Ramos, “Sinha Victoria”, in Vidas Seccas [Barren Lives], Rio de Janeiro: Livraria José Olympio Editora, page 58:Effectivamente os sapatos apertavam-lhe os dedos, faziam-lhe callos.Effectively the shoes squeezed his fingers, made calluses.
* callus (material occurring in bone fractures)
    Synonym: calo ósseo

##### Derived terms

* pisar no calo de alguém
* ter calo no coração

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

calo
* first-person singular present indicative of calar

### References

* ↑ “calo”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

### Further reading

* “calo”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “calo”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “calo” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “calo”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “calo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkalo/ [ˈka.lo]
* Rhymes: -alo
* Syllabification: ca‧lo

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from calar.

#### Noun

calo m (plural calos)
* the soundable depth of a body of water

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

calo
* first-person singular present indicative of calar

### Further reading

* “calo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10