# velum
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vēlum (“a cloth, covering, awning, curtain, veil”). Doublet of veil.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈviː.ləm/, /ˈvɛl.əm/, /ˈveɪ.ləm/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːləm

### Noun

velum (plural vela or velums)
* a thin membrane resembling a veil or curtain, such as:
** (anatomy) the soft palate
** (botany) a thin membrane partially covering the cluster of sporangia near the leaf base in quillworts and their extinct relatives
** (mycology) a veil-like membrane of immature mushrooms extending from the margin of the cap to the stem and is torn by growth, to reveal the gills
** (malacology) a locomotory and feeding organ provided with cilia found in the larval stage of bivalves
** (zoology) a annular membrane, typically bordering a cavity, especially in certain molluscs, medusae, and other invertebrates
** a delicate membrane found on certain protists
* (meteorology) an accessory cloud resembling a veil extending over a large distance; normally associated with cumulus and cumulonimbus

#### Derived terms

* velar (adjective)

#### Translations
### References

* “velum”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “velum”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Anagrams

* mvule

## Faroese
### Noun

velum
* indefinite dative plural of vel

## French
### Alternative forms

* vélum

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin velum (“veil, sail”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

velum m (plural velums)
* velum

### Further reading

* “velum”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɛlʊm]
* Hyphenation: vè‧lum

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin vēlum.

#### Noun

vèlum (plural velum-velum)
* (anatomy, linguistics) velum: the soft palate
* veil: a covering for a person or thing; as, a caul

### Etymology 2

From English vellum, from Old French velin (Modern French vélin), from Latin vitulinus (“of a calf”).

#### Noun

vèlum (plural velum-velum)
* vellum: a type of parchment paper made from the skin of a lamb, baby goat, or calf

### Further reading

* “velum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wekslom (note the Latin term's diminutive form vēxillum (as in pālus > pāxillus), which lends credence to this reconstruction), with two competing theories:
* From Proto-Indo-European *wegslom, from *weg- (“to weave, bind”). Cognate with English wick, Welsh gweu (“to weave”).
* Others refer it to *weǵʰ- (“to ride”), thus "that which propels"; in this case, cognate with Proto-Slavic *veslo (“oar”). This is semantically less attractive than the above theory.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯eː.lum/, [ˈu̯eːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈve.lum/, [ˈvɛːlum]

### Noun

vēlum n (genitive vēlī); second declension
* a cloth, covering, curtain, veil, awning
** a. 224, Ulpiānus, Dīgesta seu Pandectae‎, volume XXX, section 41.10:Sed sī cancellī sint vel vēla, lēgārī poterunt, nōn tamen fistulae vel castellī.But while bar-doors or their veils can be legated, not so water-pipes or water-basins.
* (usually in the plural) the sail of a ship
** 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.2.92:Ausoniōs fīnēs cūr mea vēla volunt?Why do my sails incline toward Italian shores? (Ausonia: Ancient Greek name for lower Italy.)
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.103:velum adversa feritstrikes the sail head-on.
* (anatomy) the soft palate
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Inflection

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Derived terms

* vēlāris
* vēlārium
* vēlārius
* vēlifer
* vēlificātiō
* vēlificium
* vēlificō
* vēlificor
* vēlificus
* vēliger
* vexillum

#### Related terms

* vēlābrum
* vēlāmen
* vēlāmentum
* vēlātiō
* vēlātō
* vēlō

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: velo
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: voil, veil
*** French: voile
**** → Bulgarian: воа́л (voál)
**** → English: voile
***** → Irish: voil
**** → Italian: voile
**** → Romanian: voal
**** → Russian: вуаль (vualʹ)
**** → Vietnamese: voan
*** Norman: vouaile
*** → English: veil
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: vel
** Occitan: vel
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: veo
*** Portuguese: véu
* Borrowings:
** → Albanian: vel
** → English: velum
** → Hebrew: וִילוֹן (wīlṓn)
** → Old Irish: fíal
*** Irish: fial
** → Romansch: vel
** → Romanian: văl
** → Spanish: velo
Via the plural vēla:
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: vela, bela
* Italo-Romance:
** Dalmatian: vaila
** Italian: vela, velo (archaic)
*** → Romanian: velă
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: vele
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: voile, veile, veille
*** Franc-Comtois: vouéle
*** French: voile
*** Norman: vaile
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: vela
** Occitan: vela
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: vela
*** Mirandese: bela
** Old Galician-Portuguese: vea
** Spanish: vela
*** → Chamicuro: wela
* Borrowings:
** → Classical Syriac: ܘܝܠܐ (wēlā)
** → Old Galician-Portuguese: vela
*** Galician: vela
*** Portuguese: vela
** → Romansch: vela

### References

* “velum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “velum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "velum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* velum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) to put to sea: vela in altum dare (Liv. 25. 27) (ambiguous) to set the sails: vela facere, pandere (ambiguous) to set the sails: vela dare (ambiguous) to furl the sails: vela contrahere (also metaph.) (ambiguous) sails and rigging: vela armamentaque
* “velum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vēlum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 660