OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ウラㇻ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* ウーラル (Kuril)
* ウララ (Sakhalin)

### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *Huurar HLL (“fog”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /u.ɾaɾ/, [ʔu.ɾaɾ]

### Noun

ウラㇻ • (urar)
* (Hokkaido, Ishikari, Kuril, South Kuril) fog, mist

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * p.238 和愛辞典 草稿版 Sísamitak-Aynuitak-Eonnekunnep Ciietokenuyep (Waai Jiten, “Japanese Ainu Language Dictionary”)‎ (in Japanese), Hokkaidō: 太田 満 (Oota Mitsuru, “Oota Mitsuru”), 2022
   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# strapazzo
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /straˈpat.t͡so/
* Rhymes: -attso
* Hyphenation: stra‧pàz‧zo

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

strapazzo m (plural strapazzi)
* strain (clarification of this definition is needed)

##### Descendants

* → Alemannic German: Strabatz
* → German: Strapaze, Strapatz m (obsolete)
** → Danish: strabads
** → Dutch: strapats
** → Serbo-Croatian: štrapac, штрапац
** → Swedish: strapats

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

strapazzo
* first-person singular present indicative of strapazzare
# aneurisme
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, from Ancient Greek ἀνεύρυσμα (aneúrusma, “a widening, a dilation”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /anəˈrismə/ [a.nəˈris.mə]
* Rhymes: -ismə
* Syllabification: a‧neu‧ris‧me

### Noun

aneurisme (plural aneurisme-aneurisme)
* (pathology) aneurysm: an abnormal blood-filled swelling of an artery or vein, resulting from a localized weakness in the wall of the vessel

#### Derived terms

* aneurisme Charcot-Bouchard
* aneurisme otak
* aneurisme serebral

### Further reading

* “aneurisme” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Tjeerd
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from West Frisian Tjeerd, Tjaard, from Old Frisian Thiadward and/or Thiadhard, from the Germanic elements *þeudaz (“people”) and either *wardaz (“ward”) or *harduz (“hard, brave”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Tjeerd m
* a male given name from West Frisian

### References

* J. van der Schaar, Doreen Gerritsen (2010) “Tjeerd”, in Gerrit Bloothooft, editor, Nederlandse Voornamenbank, Meertens Institute
# byrja
## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse byrja, from Proto-Germanic *burjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

### Verb

byrja (third person singular past indicative byrjaði, third person plural past indicative byrjaðu, supine byrjað)
* to begin

#### Conjugation

$^1$Only the past participle being declined.

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse byrja, from Proto-Germanic *burjaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɪrja/
    Rhymes: -ɪrja

### Verb

byrja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative byrjaði, supine byrjað)
* (transitive) to begin

#### Derived terms

* byrjandi
* byrjun

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* (to begin): bydja, byrre, børja (dialectal)
* byrje (e-infinitive)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²bʏrja/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse byrja.

#### Verb

byrja (present tense byrjar, past tense byrja, past participle byrja, passive infinitive byrjast, present participle byrjande, imperative byrja/byrj)
* to begin, start
    Synonyms: begynne, starte
    Kva tid byrjar det?When does it start?

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse byrja.

#### Verb

byrja (present tense bør, past tense burde, past participle burt)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of burda

### References

* “byrja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Norse
### Etymology 1

From the noun byrr (“fair wind”).

#### Verb

byrja
* (impersonal) to blow (in a specified way) [with dative ‘for someone’]
    honum byrjar vel ― he gets fair wind (literally, “it blows well for him”)
    honum byrjar illa ― he gets foul wind
* (impersonal, intransitive) to blow, be windy

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *burjaną.

#### Verb

byrja
* (intransitive) to originate
* (transitive) to begin

##### Descendants

* Icelandic: byrja
* Faroese: byrja
* Norwegian Nynorsk: byrja
* Old Swedish: byria
** Swedish: börja
* Old Danish: byriæ
** Danish: børje, burde
** Scanian: børja
* Gutnish: byre

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Germanic *burjaną, with senses possibly from *gaburjaną.

#### Verb

byrja
* (impersonal) to befit, to beseem [with dative ‘someone’]
    sem byrjar lyðnum syni oc litillatomas befits an obedient and humble son

##### Descendants

* Norwegian Nynorsk: burda, burde, byrja, byrje (“should”)
* Norwegian Bokmål: burde (“should”)
* Old Swedish: böra
** Swedish: böra (“should”)

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “byrja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 81; also available at the Internet Archive
# tayella
## Asturian
### Alternative forms

* tixella (Valdés)
* tixela (A Estierna)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taˈʝeʎa/ [t̪aˈʝe.ʎa]
* Rhymes: -eʎa
* Syllabification: ta‧ye‧lla

### Noun

tayella f (plural tayelles)
* (Western Asturias) frying pan, saucepan
    Synonyms: cazu, palía, sartén, payella
* (A Estierna) wooden bowl
    Synonym: concu
# Tjeerd
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from West Frisian Tjeerd, Tjaard, from Old Frisian Thiadward and/or Thiadhard, from the Germanic elements *þeudaz (“people”) and either *wardaz (“ward”) or *harduz (“hard, brave”). Compare German Dietward, Diethard.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Tjeerd m
* a male given name from West Frisian

### References

* J. van der Schaar, Doreen Gerritsen (2010) “Tjeerd”, in Gerrit Bloothooft, editor, Nederlandse Voornamenbank, Meertens Institute
# tixela
## Asturian
### Etymology

Borrowed or influenced by Galician tixela.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tiˈʃela/ [t̪iˈʃe.la]
* Rhymes: -ela
* Syllabification: ti‧xe‧la

### Noun

tixela f (plural tixeles)
* (A Estierna) Alternative form of tayella

## Galician
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *tegella, diminutive form of Latin tēgula (“roof-tile”). See tixola, also from a diminutive form of tēgula (“roof-tile”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tiˈʃɛlɐ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tixela f (plural tixelas)
* bowl (roughly hemispherical container)
    Synonyms: cunca, cuncón, fiara

#### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tixela”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
# Tjeerd
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from West Frisian Tjeerd, Tjaard, from Old Frisian Thiadward and/or Thiadhard, containing the Germanic elements *þeudaz (“people”) and either *wardaz (“ward”) or *harduz (“hard, brave”). Compare German Dietward, Diethard.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Tjeerd m
* a male given name from West Frisian

### References

* J. van der Schaar, Doreen Gerritsen (2010) “Tjeerd”, in Gerrit Bloothooft, editor, Nederlandse Voornamenbank, Meertens Institute
# カー
## Ainu
### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *kaa HL (“cord”, “thread”, “yarn”).

### Noun

カー • (kaa)
* (Sakhalin) thread

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English car.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) カー [káꜜà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠ː]

#### Noun

カー • (kā)
* car

##### Synonyms

* 車(くるま) (kuruma), 自(じ)動(どう)車(しゃ) (jidōsha)

##### Derived terms

* カーナビ (kā nabi): car navigation system
* カー ナビゲーション システム: car navigation system
* カーラジオ (kā rajio): car radio

### Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) カー [káꜜà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠ː]

#### Interjection

カー • (kā)
* caw (the sound a crow makes)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
# इस्तीफ़ा
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتَعْفَى (istaʕfā).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ɪs.t̪iː.fɑː/, [ɪs.t̪iː.fäː], /ɪs.t̪iː.pʰɑː/, [ɪs.t̪iː.pʰäː]

### Noun

इस्तीफ़ा • (istīfā) m (Urdu spelling استعفا)
* resignation
    Synonyms: पदत्याग (padatyāg), त्यागपत्र (tyāgpatra)
    वह कल मालिक के पास जाके इस्तीफ़ा देगा।vah kal mālik ke pās jāke istīfā degā.Tomorrow he will go to the boss and resign.
# liettää
## Finnish
### Etymology

Back-formation from liete, as liet- +‎ -tää

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlie̯tːæːˣ/, [ˈlie̞̯t̪ːæː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ietːæː
* Hyphenation: liet‧tää

### Verb

liettää
* (transitive) to silt, silt up, sediment
* (transitive, chemistry) to put into suspension, to suspend
* (transitive, construction) to plaster with only a single coat, to apply only one coat of plaster
    Synonym: slammata

#### Derived terms

* lietto
* liettyä

### Further reading

* “liettää”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* litteää, äitelät
# ケラ
## Ainu
### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *kEEra HLL (“taste”).

### Noun

ケラ • (kera)
* flavor; taste

### Verb

ケラ • (kera)
* to taste

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)

## Japanese
### Noun

ケラ • (kera)
* 螻蛄: mole cricket, especially Gryllotalpa orientalis (oriental mole cricket)

### References

* mole cricket on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Gryllotalpa on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Gryllotalpa orientalis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# استعفا دینا
## Urdu
### Verb

اِسْتِعْفیٰ دینا • (isti'fā denā) (Hindi spelling इस्तीफ़ा देना)
* to resign
# liettää
## Finnish
### Etymology

Back-formation from liete, as liet- +‎ -tää

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlie̯tːæːˣ/, [ˈlie̞̯t̪ːæː(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ietːæː
* Hyphenation: liet‧tää

### Verb

liettää
* (transitive) to silt, silt up, sediment
* (transitive, chemistry) to put into suspension, to suspend
* (transitive, construction) to skim, plaster with only a single coat, to apply only one coat of plaster
    Synonym: slammata

#### Derived terms

* lietto
* liettyä

### Further reading

* “liettää”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* litteää, äitelät
# ケス
## Ainu
### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *kE=s L (“end”).

### Noun

ケス • (kes)
* The end.
* The finish.

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
Batchelor, John (1926) An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Kyobunkan
# molotov cocktail
## English
### Noun

molotov cocktail (plural molotov cocktails)
* Alternative letter-case form of Molotov cocktail
** 2025 March 19, Tom Sanders, “Anti-Musk Hackers Share Names and Addresses of Tesla Owners”, in The Daily Beast‎:FBI Director Kash Patel’s home is also listed on the map, which uses a molotov cocktail as its cursor. […] On Tuesday, a masked man used molotov cocktails to firebomb a Tesla dealership in Las Vegas before firing rounds into the burning vehicles.
# ガンド
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* カント (Kuril)
* カンド (Kuril)

### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *kantO HL (“heaven”, “sky”).

### Noun

ガンド • (kanto)
* (Kuril) sky

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * 「北海氣象瑣談」『氣象集誌』 第1輯 第11–13巻 (Hokkai Kishō Sadan, “Hokkai Weather Trivial Talk”)‎ (in Japanese), Hokkaidō: 水科七三郎 (Mizushina Shichisaburō), 1893 (Kuril)
# zabullimë
## Albanian
### Noun

zabullimë m
* stifling heat, sultry weather/heat, mugginess, heat wave

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “zabullimë”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary
# zabullimë
## Albanian
### Noun

zabullimë f
* stifling heat, sultry weather/heat, mugginess, heat wave
    Synonyms: zagushi, ufëm

#### Declension
### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “zabullimë”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary
# чаевод
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕɪ(j)ɪˈvot]

### Noun

чаево́д • (čajevód) m anim (genitive чаево́да, nominative plural чаево́ды, genitive plural чаево́дов, feminine чаево́дка)
* tea grower
# Phaethon
## Translingual
### Etymology

From Latin Phaethon, from Ancient Greek Φαέθων (Phaéthōn).

### Proper noun

Phaethon m
* A taxonomic genus within the family Phaethontidae – tropicbirds.

#### Hypernyms

* (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Reptilia – class; Aves – subclass; Neornithes - parvclass; Neognathae - cohort; Phaethontiformes - order; Phaethontidae - family

#### Hyponyms

* (genus): Phaethon aethereus (red-billed tropicbird) - type species; Phaethon lepturus (white-tailed tropicbird), Phaethon rubricauda (red-tailed tropicbird) - other accepted species

### References

* Phaethon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Phaethon on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Phaethon on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN

## English
### Proper noun

Phaethon
* Alternative form of Phaëthon
* (astronomy) the asteroid Phaethon

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* Phaëtōn

### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φᾰέθων (Phăéthōn).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpʰa.e.tʰoːn/, [ˈpʰäɛt̪ʰoːn]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfa.e.ton/, [ˈfäːet̪on]

### Proper noun

Phaëthōn m sg (genitive Phaëthontis or Phaëthontos); third declension
* (Greek mythology) Phaëthon (son of Helios and Clymene, who, having obtained from his father permission to drive the sun’s chariot for a day, lost control of the steeds, and was struck down by a thunderbolt of Zeus, to prevent his setting the earth on fire)
* (poetic) a divine epithet of the Sun
* Synonym of Iuppiter (“the planet Jupiter”)
* Synonym of Saturnus (“the planet Saturn”)

#### Declension

Third-declension noun, singular only.

#### Related terms

* Phaëthontēus
* Phaëthontias
* Phaëthontis
* Phaëthontius
* Phaëthūsa

#### Descendants

* Translingual: Phaethon (generic name)
* ?Catalan: Faetont
* English: Phaëthon
* ?Inuktitut: ᐸᐄᑐᓐ (paiiton)
* ?Japanese: パエトーン (Paetōn)
* Portuguese: Faetonte
* Spanish: Faetonte

#### See also

* Phaenōn

### References

* “Phăĕthon”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Phăĕthōn in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,170/1.
* “Phaëthōn” on page 1,371 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
# blædre
## Middle English
### Noun

blædre
* Alternative form of bladdre

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *blādrā, from Proto-Germanic *blēdrǭ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈblæːd.re/

### Noun

blǣdre f
* (anatomy) bladder
* pimple, pustule, blister
** Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
    Þæt sixte wīte wæs, þæt mislīċe ḡeswel and blǣdran asprungon on heora līchaman on eallum his folce.The sixth plague was that various swellings and pustules sprung up on the bodies of all of his people.

#### Declension

Weak feminine (n-stem):
# 貝盧斯科尼
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (貝盧斯科尼) | trad. (貝盧斯科尼) | 貝 | 盧 | 斯 | 科 | 尼 |
| simp. (贝卢斯科尼) | simp. (贝卢斯科尼) | 贝 | 卢 | 斯 | 科 | 尼 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Bèilúsīkēní
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ ㄌㄨˊ ㄙ ㄎㄜ ㄋㄧˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bèilúsīkēní
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ ㄌㄨˊ ㄙ ㄎㄜ ㄋㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Bèilúsihkení
*** Wade–Giles: Pei$^4$-lu$^2$-ssŭ$^1$-kʻo$^1$-ni$^2$
*** Yale: Bèi-lú-sz̄-kē-ní
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Beylusykeni
*** Palladius: Бэйлусыкэни (Bɛjlusykɛni)
*** Sinological IPA : /peɪ̯⁵¹ lu³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

### Proper noun

貝盧斯科尼
* A transliteration of the Italian surname Berlusconi
** Silvio Berlusconi (born 1936), Italian politician and businessman.

### References

* Proper Names And Translation Service, Xinhua News Agency, editor (2007), “Berlusconi 贝卢斯科尼 [意]”, in 世界人名翻译大辞典 [Names of The Worlds Peoples: A comprehensive dictionary of names in Roman-Chinese] (in Chinese), 2nd edition, Beijing: China Translation & Publishing Corporation, →ISBN, →OCLC.
# merendus
## Latin
### Etymology

Future passive participle of mereō.

### Participle

merendus (feminine merenda, neuter merendum); first/second-declension participle
* which is to be earned or merited

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.
# skėrys
## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (“to move, sway, swing, jump”), see also Old High German scerdo (“hinge”), Latin cardō (“hinge”), Lithuanian kárti (“to hang”).

### Noun

skėrỹs m (plural skėriai̇̃) stress pattern 4
* grasshopper, locust

#### Declension
### References

* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “933-35”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 933-35
# eard
## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz, *arduz, *arþuz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”).
Cognate with Old Saxon ard, Old High German art (German Art). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin arō, Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō), Old East Slavic орати (orati), Russian ора́ть (orátʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /æ͜ɑrd/, [æ͜ɑrˠd]

### Noun

eard m
* homeland, native soil; one's home, a dwelling
    Ðis is mīn āgen ēþel, eard, and landThis is my own country, home and land.
** c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Greater Litany"
    Wē sind eall cuman on þissum līfe, and ūre eard nis nā hēr, ac wē sind hēr swelċe weġfērende menn. Ān cymþ, ōðer færeþ. Sē biþ ācenned, sē ōðer forþfæreþ and rȳmþ him setl.We are all guests in this life, and our home is not here, but we're here as wayfaring people. One person comes, another goes. One is born, another dies and makes them room.
** Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
    Þæt seofode wīte wæs, þæt swā miċel ðunor and hagol becōm on ðām lēodsċipe, þæt...ǣlċ trēow on ðām earde tōbǣrst.The seventh plague was that there was such great thunder and hail in that country, that...every tree in the land split in two.
* earth, land
* state; station; condition; fate

#### Declension

Strong u-stem:

#### Derived terms

* Eardgȳþ
* eardian

#### Related terms

* erian

#### Descendants

* Middle English: art
** Scots: airt
** Yola: ete
* Middle English: erd, ard, arde, urde
** English: erd (in part)

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English earþe, from Old English earþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu.

### Noun

eard
* Alternative form of erth

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 38
# katastrofal
## Danish
### Etymology

From katastrofe +‎ -al.

### Adjective

katastrofal (neuter katastrofalt, plural and definite singular attributive katastrofale)
* disastrous, calamitous

### Declension

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

### References

* “katastrofal” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From katastrofe +‎ -al.

### Adjective

katastrofal (neuter singular katastrofalt, definite singular and plural katastrofale)
* disastrous, catastrophic

### References

* “katastrofal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From katastrofe (“disaster”) +‎ -al.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /katastruˈfaːl/

### Adjective

katastrofal (neuter katastrofalt, definite singular and plural katastrofale, comparative meir katastrofal, superlative mest katastrofal)
* disastrous

### References

* “katastrofal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Etymology

From katastrof (“disaster, catastrophe”) +‎ -al.

### Adjective

katastrofal (comparative katastrofalare, superlative katastrofalast)
* disastrous, catastrophic

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

### References

* katastrofal in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
# katastrofe
## Danish
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek καταστροφή (katastrophḗ, “overturning”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /katastroːfə/, [kʰad̥aˈsd̥ʁoːfə]

### Noun

katastrofe c (singular definite katastrofen, plural indefinite katastrofer)
* catastrophe
* disaster

#### Derived terms

* flykatastrofe
* hungerkatastrofe
* katastrofealarm
* katastrofeberedskab
* katastrofebistand
* katastrofeblink
* katastrofebrand
* katastrofefilm
* katastrofefond
* katastrofehjælp
* katastrofekurs
* katastrofeområde
* katastrofeopbremsning
* katastroferamt
* katastrofesituation
* katastrofested
* katastrofeteori
* katastrofeturisme
* katastrofevalg
* katastrofeår
* miljøkatastrofe
* naturkatastrofe
* oliekatastrofe
* skibskatastrofe

#### Related terms

* katastrofal
* katastrofisk

### References

* “katastrofe” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Further reading

* katastrofe on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch catastrofe, from French catastrophe, from Latin catastropha, from Ancient Greek καταστροφή (katastrophḗ, “overturning”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [katasˈtrofə]
* Hyphenation: ka‧tas‧tro‧fê

### Noun

katastrofê (uncountable)
* catastrophe:
** any large and disastrous event of great significance; a disaster beyond expectations
** (literature) the dramatic event that initiates the resolution of the plot; the dénouement

#### Alternative forms

* katastrofi

### Further reading

* “katastrofe” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

katastrofe m (definite singular katastrofen, indefinite plural katastrofer, definite plural katastrofene)
* disaster
* catastrophe

#### Derived terms

* katastrofal
* miljøkatastrofe
* naturkatastrofe

### References

* “katastrofe” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

katastrofe m (definite singular katastrofen, indefinite plural katastrofar, definite plural katastrofane)
* disaster, catastrophe

#### Derived terms

* miljøkatastrofe
* naturkatastrofe

### References

* “katastrofe” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.