# iz
## English
### Etymology 1

Eye dialect spelling of is.

#### Verb

iz
* (African-American Vernacular) third-person singular simple present indicative of be

### Etymology 2

Eye dialect spelling of us.

#### Pronoun

iz
* (Geordie) Alternative spelling of us (“me”).

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *īŕ. Cognate with Chuvash йӑр (jăr).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

iz (definite accusative izi, plural izlər)
* trace
* imprint, impress

#### Derived terms

* izləmək (“to watch”)

## Cimbrian
### Verb

iz
* third-person singular present indicative of soin

## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *īŕ.

### Noun

iz
* trace

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “iz”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Latvian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *iź, *iś, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“from”). Cognates include Lithuanian iš, dialectal iž, Old Prussian is, Proto-Slavic *jьz (Old Church Slavonic из (iz), Russian из (iz)), Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex), ἐκ (ek) (dialectal ἐς (es)), Latin ex, ē and Northern Kurdish ji.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Preposition

iz (with genitive)
* (archaic) from, out of
    iz apakšzemes ― from the underworld
    Vanags izņēma glāzes iz skapja ― Vanags took the glasses from the cabinet
    ...lai šis karogs / iz tavas rokas nes mums uzvaru... ― so that this flag from your hands brings us victory

#### Usage notes

This old preposition has mostly been replaced by its synonym no (“from, out of”). The related prefix iz-, however, is still very frequent.

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “iz”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Livonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iz/

### Verb

i'z
* A user suggests that this Livonian entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “replace with actual quote template”.
* Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.
* first person singular past form of the negation verb
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    ma iz lǟ iz sīņõ, iz tǟnõ
       I didn't go any direction
* third person singular past form of the negation verb
** Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
    iz ūo
       wasn't
    iz ūo aigõ
       there wasn't time
* first person plural past form of the negation verb

#### See also

* äb-
* äb
* äd
* ät
* izt
* alā
* algid
* algõ
* algõm
* algõd

## Middle High German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before 13th CE) /ˈis/

### Verb

iȥ
* second-person singular present imperative of ëȥȥen

## Old High German
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *it.

### Pronoun

iȥ
* it

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: ëz
** Alemannic German: es
** Bavarian: es
    Cimbrian: es, 'z (Luserna), is, 's
    Mòcheno: s
** Central Franconian:
    Hunsrik: es
** German: es
** Luxembourgish: et
** Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: es
** Yiddish: עס (es)

### Verb

iȥ
* second-person singular present imperative of ëȥȥan

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /ˈis/

### Noun

iz m animal
* (Far Masovian) Alternative form of jeż

### Further reading

* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “iz”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 109

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian íz, from Proto-Uralic *ipsɜ or *ipśɜ (“smell, taste”).

### Noun

iz n (plural izuri)
* smell, whiff

#### Declension
## Salar
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ȫŕ.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ili Salar) IPA: [iːz]

#### Pronoun

iz
* self

#### References

* Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “iz”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 120
* Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “iz”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 144

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *īŕ.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ili Salar) IPA: [iz]

#### Noun

iz
* mark, sign

#### References

* Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “iz”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 120
* Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “izi”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 144

## San Juan Guelavía Zapotec
### Etymology

From Proto-Zapotec *yisa.

### Noun

iz
* year

### References

* López Antonio, Joaquín, Jones, Ted, Jones, Kris (2012) Vocabulario breve del Zapoteco de San Juan Guelavía‎ (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Tlalpan, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 15, 23

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *eḱs (“out of”), *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /îz/

### Preposition

ȉz (Cyrillic spelling и̏з)
* from, out of [with genitive]
    Petar je iz Podgorice. ― Petar is from Podgorica.
    izaći iz sobe ― to go out of the room
    piti iz čaše ― to drink from a glass
    doći iz Amerike ― to come from America
* Used in miscellaneous expressions that refer to some source or origin; for, because of, out of [with genitive]
    iz navike ― out of habit
    iz nepoznatog razloga ― for whatever reason
    iz straha ― out of fear
    из искуства ― from experience
    из прикрајка ― stealthily
    из страха ― from fear
    ispit iz matematike ― math test (literally, “test out of math”)
    seminar iz biologije ― biology seminar
* (colloquial, regional) (+ instrumental case) with, together with, along with
    ići iz njim ― to go with him

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs (“from”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /is/

### Preposition

iz
* from (with the source or provenance of or at) [with genitive]

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ایز (iz, “footmark, track, trace, trail”), from Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (iz, “footprint”), from Proto-Turkic *īŕ.
Cognate with Karakhanid ايز (īz, “trace on soil or skin”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (iz, “footprint”), Azerbaijani iz (“trace, scar”), Bashkir эҙ (eź, “trace”), ыҙан (ıźan, “furrow”), Chuvash йӗр (jĕr, “trace, mark”), йӑран (jăran, “furrow”), Kazakh із (ız, “trace”), Khakas іс (ìs, “trace”), Kyrgyz из (iz, “trace”),Southern Altai ис (is, “trace”), Turkmen yz (“trace”), Tuvan ис (is, “trace”), Uyghur ئىز (iz, “trace”), Uzbek iz (“trace”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [iz]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

iz (definite accusative izi, plural izler)
* footprint, track
* trace, mark, evidence, clue

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
iz
izler
definite accusative
izi
izleri
dative
ize
izlere
locative
izde
izlerde
ablative
izden
izlerden
genitive
izin
izlerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
izim
izlerim
2nd singular
izin
izlerin
3rd singular
izi
izleri
1st plural
izimiz
izlerimiz
2nd plural
iziniz
izleriniz
3rd plural
izleri
izleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
izimi
izlerimi
2nd singular
izini
izlerini
3rd singular
izini
izlerini
1st plural
izimizi
izlerimizi
2nd plural
izinizi
izlerinizi
3rd plural
izlerini
izlerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
izime
izlerime
2nd singular
izine
izlerine
3rd singular
izine
izlerine
1st plural
izimize
izlerimize
2nd plural
izinize
izlerinize
3rd plural
izlerine
izlerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
izimde
izlerimde
2nd singular
izinde
izlerinde
3rd singular
izinde
izlerinde
1st plural
izimizde
izlerimizde
2nd plural
izinizde
izlerinizde
3rd plural
izlerinde
izlerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
izimden
izlerimden
2nd singular
izinden
izlerinden
3rd singular
izinden
izlerinden
1st plural
izimizden
izlerimizden
2nd plural
izinizden
izlerinizden
3rd plural
izlerinden
izlerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
izimin
izlerimin
2nd singular
izinin
izlerinin
3rd singular
izinin
izlerinin
1st plural
izimizin
izlerimizin
2nd plural
izinizin
izlerinizin
3rd plural
izlerinin
izlerinin :

#### Derived terms

* irdelemek
* istemek
* izci
* izdüşüm
* izlemek
* izli
* izsiz
* parmak izi
* yara izi

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ī́ŕu”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

## Yatzachi Zapotec
### Etymology

From Proto-Zapotec *yisa.

### Noun

iz
* year

#### Derived terms

* chcaꞌa iz
* godgüize
* iz golə
* iz gwde
* ize
* tgüiz
* tgüiz tgüiz
* Zcobə

### References

* Butler H., Inez M. (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de Yatzachi: Yatzachi el Bajo, Yatzachi el Alto, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 37)‎, second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 241, 365

## Zoogocho Zapotec
### Etymology

From Proto-Zapotec *yisa.

### Noun

iz
* year

#### Derived terms

* chcaꞌa iz
* cheꞌe iz
* godgüiz
* iz cobe
* iz gole
* iz gwde
* iz ṉaꞌa
* ize
* tgüiz
* tgüiz güeje
* tgüiz tgüiz
* yetgüiz
* zcobe

### References

* Long C., Rebecca, Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎ (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 236, 324