# balsam
## English
### Alternative forms

* balsem, balsum, balsome

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)); compare Old English balsam, balsamum (“balsam, balm”), Doublet of balm and desman. Not related to balsa.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) enPR: bôlʹsəm, IPA: /ˈbɔːlsəm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

balsam (countable and uncountable, plural balsams)
* (chiefly UK) A sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.
* (chiefly UK) A plant or tree yielding such substance.
* (chiefly UK) A soothing ointment.
* (chiefly UK, figuratively) Something soothing.
    Classical music is a sweet balsam for our sorrows
* A flowering plant of the genus Impatiens.
* The balsam family of flowering plants (Balsaminaceae), which includes Impatiens and Hydrocera.
* A balsam fir Abies balsamea.
* Canada balsam, a turpentine obtained from the resin of balsam fir.

#### Synonyms

* (sweet-smelling oil): balm
* (plant or tree): balm
* (soothing ointment): balm
* (something soothing): balm
* (flowering plant of the genus Impatiens): jewelweed, impatiens, touch-me-not

#### Derived terms

* Abraham's balsam
* balsamaceous
* balsam apple
* balsamarium
* balsam Canada
* balsamed
* balsam fir
* balsamic
* balsamical
* balsamiferous
* Balsamina
* balsamint, balsam-mint
* Balsam Lake
* balsam of Acouchi
* balsam of aniseed
* balsam of Copaiba
* balsam of fir
* balsam of Gilead
* balsam of Mecca
* balsam of Peru
* balsam of saturn
* balsam of steel
* balsam of sulfur, balsam of sulphur
* balsam of Tolu
* balsam oil
* balsam pear
* balsam poplar
* balsamroot
* balsam spurge
* balsam-tansy
* balsam tree
* balsamweed
* balsam willow
* balsamy
* Canada balsam
* friar's balsam
* garden balsam
* Himalayan balsam
* imbalsamation
* Mecca balsam
* Peruvian balsam
* Tolu balsam
* true balsam
* Turlington's balsam
* Umiri balsam
* Wade's balsam
* wild balsam apple
* yellow balsam

#### Related terms

* balm
* balsamate
* balsamation
* Balsaminaceae
* balsamine
* balsamise, balsamize
* balsamitic
* balsamo
* balsamous
* balsamum
* opobalsam, opobalsamum
* xylobalsamum

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* Impatiens on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Verb

balsam (third-person singular simple present balsams, present participle balsaming, simple past and past participle balsamed)
* (transitive) To treat or anoint with balsam.

### Anagrams

* lambas, sambal

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay balsam, from English balsam, from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)).
* The word displaced balsêm, the loanword-cognate from Dutch balsem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbalsam]
* Hyphenation: bal‧sam

### Noun

balsam (plural balsam-balsam)
* balsam: a sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants

#### Alternative forms

* balsêm (superseded spelling)

#### Derived terms

* membalsam
* pembalsaman
* balsam kanada
* balsam kopaiba
* balsam mekah
* balsam oregon
* balsam peru
* balsam tolu

### Further reading

* “balsam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish balsam(m), balsaim(e), from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon).

### Noun

balsam m (genitive singular balsaim)
* (medicine) balsam, balm
* balsam (plant)

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
balsam
balsaim
vocative
a bhalsaim
a bhalsama
genitive
balsaim
balsam
dative
balsam
balsaim
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an balsam
na balsaim
genitive
an bhalsaim
na mbalsam
dative
leis an mbalsam don bhalsam
leis na balsaim :

#### Derived terms

* balsam buí m (“yellow balsam”)
* balsam gairdín m (“garden balsam”)
* balsam na manach m (“friar's balsam”)
* balsamach (“balmy”, adjective)
* balsamaigh (“embalm”, verb)
* balsamóir m (“embalmer”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “balsam”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “balsam(m), balsaim(e)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Polish
### Alternative forms

* balsanbalszam

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin balsamum. First attested in the 15th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /balʲsaːm/
* IPA: (15th CE) /balʲsɒm/

### Noun

balsam m animacy unattested
* balm (any of various aromatic resins exuded from certain plants, especially trees of the genus Commiphora of Africa, Arabia and India and Myroxylon of South America)
** Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎, page 25:Tamo roskoszna wonia cinamona i balsama (cum nardo balsamus) i wszego roskosznego kwiecia[Tamo rozkoszna wonia cynamona i balsama (cum nardo balsamus) i wszego rozkosznego kwiecia]
* wild mint, Mentha arvensis
** 1900 [1478], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎, number 2246:Balsam menta crispa[Balsam menta crispa]
* basil thyme, Clinopodium acinos
** 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎, number 731:Balsan menta[Balsan menta]
* (attested in Lesser Poland) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
** 1874-1891 [End of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎, volume LIII, Krakow, page 65:Balsam balsamnis[Balsam balsamnis]

#### Related terms

* polski balsam

#### Related terms

* balsamita

#### Descendants

* Polish: balsam

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “balsam”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “balsam”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
* ↑ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “balsam”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “balsam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* Balsamus, balzam, bałzam, bałsam (Middle Polish)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish balsam. Compare Kashubian balzam and Slovincian balzóm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbal.sam/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈbal.sɒm/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -alsam
* Syllabification: bal‧sam

### Noun

balsam m inan (related adjective balsamowy)
* balsam, balm (sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants)
    Hypernym: żywica
* (cosmetics, medicine, pharmacology) lotion, balm (a low-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to skin)
    Synonyms: krem, mleczko, tonik
* (historical, Egyptology) embalming substance
* (figuratively) balsam, balm (something soothing)
    Synonyms: otucha, ukojenie

#### Derived terms

* balsamiczny
* balsamicznie
* balsam peruwiański
* balsamina
* balsaminka
* balsamista
* balsamka
* balsamodrzew
* balsamowiec
* balsamowiec właściwy
* jodła balsamiczna
* ocet balsamiczny
* balsamować
* nabalsamować
* zabalsamować

### Further reading

* balsam in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* balsam in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “balsam, Balsamus”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* Dorota Adamiec (10.07.2018) “BALSAM, BALZAM, BAŁZAM, *BAŁSAM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 88

## Romanian
### Etymology

From Latin balsamum. Appears since 17th century. Probably entered Romanian through multiple routes, with the most common form from Italian balsamo, or through use in old medicinal practice. A now archaic variant form valsam derived from Greek βάλσαμο (válsamo). Cf. also German Balsam.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bal.ˈsam/
* Rhymes: -am
* Hyphenation: bal‧sam

### Noun

balsam n (plural balsamuri)
* balsam (clarification of this definition is needed)
* unction, balm, salve, unguent

#### Derived terms

* bălsăma

### References

* ↑ http://www.dex.ro/balsam

## Swedish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Swedish balsam, from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon), likely from a Semitic source. Compare Hebrew בֹּשֶׂם (bōśem, “perfume”) and Arabic بَشَام (bašām).

### Noun

balsam n or c
* balsam (sweet-smelling oil)
* hair conditioner
    Synonym: hårbalsam
* (figurative) balm, balsam (something soothing)
    balsam för själen ― comfort

#### Derived terms

* balsamvinäger
* hårbalsam
* kylbalsam
* läppbalsam
* sprejbalsam

### Further reading

* balsam in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
* balsam in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)