# anti-
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Doublet of ante-.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈænˌti/, /ˈæn.tɪ/
* (US) IPA: /ˈæn.ti/, /ˈænˌtaɪ/, /ˈæn.tə/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Prefix

anti-
* Against, opposed to.
    Synonym: counter-
    Antonym: pro-
    ‎anti- + ‎abortion → ‎antiabortion
    ‎anti- + ‎racism → ‎antiracism
* Counteracting, neutralizing.
    Synonym: counter-
    ‎anti- + ‎aircraft → ‎antiaircraft
    ‎anti- + ‎freeze → ‎antifreeze
    ‎anti- + ‎bacterial → ‎antibacterial
* The opposite of what is typically expected.
    ‎anti- + ‎hero → ‎antihero (“a protagonist who acts in an unheroic manner”)
    ‎anti- + ‎climax → ‎anticlimax (“a failed or reverse climax”)
    ‎anti- + ‎chess → ‎antichess (“a variant of chess where the goal is to lose all of one's pieces”)
* Physically opposite, reverse in position or direction.
    ‎anti- + ‎clockwise → ‎anticlockwise
    ‎anti- + ‎Arctic → ‎Antarctic
* A rival or counterpart to.
    ‎anti- + ‎pope → ‎antipope (“a person who claims to be the real pope”)
    ‎anti- + ‎Christ → ‎Antichrist
* (particle physics) Composed of antimatter.
    ‎anti- + ‎electron → ‎antielectron
    ‎anti- + ‎galaxy → ‎antigalaxy
* (immunology) Reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal.
    ‎anti- + ‎rabbit → ‎antirabbit
    ‎anti- + ‎horse → ‎antihorse

#### Usage notes

* anti- should not be confused with the prefix ante- of Latin (not Greek) origin meaning “before”. (However, anti- does exist as a variant spelling of ante- in some borrowed words, such as anticipate and antipasto, but this spelling cannot be used to coin English words.)
* anti- sometimes becomes ant- before words beginning in a vowel, as does ante-: antacid.
* In British English, the anti- forms are often hyphenated as evidenced by OED's many anti- entries using hyphen. However, the exact convention significantly varies.
* GPO manual recommends using a hyphen when prefixing capitalized words except when usage dictates otherwise. This is matched by usual practice: anti-American or anti-Christian.

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* contra-
* counter-
* dis-
* ob-
* wither-

### See also

* anti

### References

* ↑ 6. Compounding Rules in U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, govinfo.gov

### Further reading

* “anti-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “anti-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “anti-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN. -- lists many derived terms

### Anagrams

* nait, Atin, ain't, aniṭ, Tian, tain, tian, tina, Tani, aint, Tain, TINA, -itan, NAIT, Tina

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /anti/ [ãn̪.t̪i]
* Hyphenation: an‧ti-

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˌan.ti]

### Prefix

anti-
* anti

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “anti-” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “anti-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “anti-” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈantɪ]

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-
    Synonym: proti-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* anti- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

## Danish
### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms
## Dutch
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑn.ti/
* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: anti-

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Derived from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈanti]
* Rhymes: -anti
* Hyphenation: an‧ti

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms
## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English anti-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑnti-/, [ˈɑ̝n̪t̪i-]

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms

* anti-inflammatorinen
* antikommutointi
* antimainos
* antimateria
* antipatia
* antirasisti
* antirasistinen
* antiresonanssi
* antisymmetrinen

### Further reading

* “anti-”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

### Anagrams

* nait, tain, tina

## French
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ̃.ti/
* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “anti-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms

From

### Further reading

* “anti-”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Garo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Classifier

anti-
* classifier for weeks

#### Synonyms

* sopta

## German
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”), influenced by Latin borrowings from Greek beginning with anti- (like Antichristus) and German borrowings from Latin or Greek. Doublet of ent-.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “anti-” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɒnti]
* Hyphenation: an‧ti

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from English anti-, French anti-, German anti-, Italian anti-, Spanish anti-, Russian анти- (anti-), all ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈan.ti/

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-, contra-, counter- (for use mainly in scientific terms)
    ‎anti- + ‎toxino (“toxin”) → ‎antitoxino (“antitoxin”)

#### Synonyms

* kontre-

#### Derived terms
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈan.ti/
* Rhymes: -ti
* Hyphenation: an‧ti

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-
** against, opposed to
** counteracting, neutralizing
** the opposite of what is typically expected
** physically opposite, reverse in position or direction
** a rival or counterpart to
** (particle physics) composed of antimatter
** (immunology) reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal

#### Derived terms
### See also

* anti
* kontra-
* dis-
* ob-

### Further reading

* “anti-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology 1

From Latin ante (“before”).

#### Prefix

anti-
* anti-
* ante-

### Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

#### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

##### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* Tina, nati, tina

## Malay
### Etymology

From Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /anti/
* Rhymes: -anti, -nti, -ti, -i

### Prefix

anti- (Jawi spelling انت)
* anti-
    Antonym: pro-
    Antikomunisme ― Anti-communism
    Anti-Amerika ― Anti-America

#### Usage notes

* Before proper nouns and numerals, this prefix must be followed by a dash '-'.
* Before other types of nouns, no dash is needed.

### Further reading

* “anti-” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

### Anagrams

* tina, niat

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms

* anti-aldring

### References

* “anti-” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms

* anti-aldring

### References

* “anti-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ɐ̃.t͡ʃi/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ̃.ti/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ɐ̃t͡ʃi, (Portugal) -ɐ̃ti
* Hyphenation: an‧ti-
* Homophone: ante- (Brazil)

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-
* (particle physics) anti- (related to antiparticles or antimatter)
* (immunology) anti-

#### Derived terms
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-

#### Derived terms
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-; against, opposite, protecting against

#### Derived terms

* anti

### Further reading

* “anti-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

### Prefix

anti-
* anti-; against, opposite, protecting against

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* Tina, inat, inta, tian, tina