OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cricetidae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Cricetus +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

Cricetidae
* A taxonomic family within the order Rodentia – many, varied rodents: hamsters, muskrats, voles, lemmings, and New World mice and rats.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Mammalia – class; Theria – subclass; Eutheria/Placentalia – infraclass; Rodentia – order; Myomorpha – suborder; Muroidea – superfamily

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Arvicolinae, Cricetinae, Neotominae, Sigmodontinae, Tylomyinae – extant subfamilies
** Abrawayaomys, Abrothrix, Aegialomys, Aepeomys, Akodon, Alexandromys, Allocricetulus, Alticola, Amphinectomys, Andalgalomys, Andinomys, Anotomys, Anteliomys, Arborimus, Arvicola, Auliscomys, Baiomys, Bibimys, Blarinomys, Bramus, Brucepattersonius, Calassomys, Calomys, Cansumys, Caryomys, Castoria, Cerradomys, Chelemys, Chibchanomys, Chilomys, Chinchillula, Chionomys, Clethrionomys, Craseomys, Cricetulus, Cricetus, Delomys, Deltamys, Dicrostonyx, Drymoreomys, Dinaromys, Eligmodontia, Ellobius, Eolagurus, Eothenomys, Eremoryzomys, Euneomys, Euryoryzomys, Galenomys, Geoxus, Graomys, Gyldenstolpia, Habromys, Handleyomys, Hodomys, Holochilus, Hylaeamys, Hyperacrius, Ichthyomys, Irenomys, Isthmomys, Juliomys, Juscelinomys, Kunsia, Lagurus, Lasiopodomys, Lemmiscus, Lemmus, Lenoxus, Loxodontomys, Lundomys, Megadontomys, Melanomys, Mesocricetus, Microakodontomys, Microryzomys, Microtus, Mictomicrotus, Mindomys, Myopus, Neacomys, Necromys, Nectomys, Nelsonia, Neodon, Neofiber, Neomicroxus, Neotoma, Neotomodon, Neotomys, Nephelomys, Nesoryzomys, Neusticomys, Notiomys, Nyctomys, Ochrotomys, Oecomys, Oligoryzomys, Ondatra, Onychomys, Oreoryzomys, Oryzomys, Osgoodomys, Otonyctomys, Ototylomys, Oxymycterus, Pattonimus, Peromyscus, Phaenomys, Phenacomys, Phodopus, Phyllotis, Podomys, Podoxymys, Proedromys, Prometheomys, Pseudoryzomys, Punomys, Reithrodon, Reithrodontomys, Rhagomys, Rheomys, Rhipidomys, Salinomys, Scapteromys, Scolomys, Scotinomys, Sigmodon, Sigmodontomys, Sooretamys, Stenocranius, Synaptomys, Tanyuromys, Tapecomys, Thalpomys, Thaptomys, Thomasomys, Transandinomys, Tscherskia, Tylomys, Volemys, Wiedomys, Wilfredomys, Xenomys, Zygodontomys – extant genera

#### Translations
### References

* Cricetidae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Cricetidae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Cricetidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# cukai
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay cukai (“tax”), from Tamil சுங்கம் (cuṅkam). Displaced Dutch accijnzen, accijns (“excise”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡ʃukai̯]
* Hyphenation: cu‧kai
* Rhymes: -kai̯, -ai̯

### Noun

cukai (plural cukai-cukai)
* (law, government) excise, a tax charged on goods produced within the country
    Synonym: éksais (Standard Malay)
* duty, a tax placed on imports or exports; a tariff
    Synonym: bea
* land lease, land levy

#### Alternative forms

* tjoekai (1901–1947)

#### Affixed terms

* bercukai
* dicukai
* mencukai
* bebas cukai

### Further reading

* “cukai” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Tamil சுங்கம் (cuṅkam).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ai̯

### Noun

cukai (Jawi spelling چوکاي, plural cukai-cukai, informal 1st possessive cukaiku, 2nd possessive cukaimu, 3rd possessive cukainya)
* (Malaysia) tax, duty, tariff
* (Indonesia) excise

#### Synonyms

* (tax): (Indonesia) pajak

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: cukai
* → Min Nan: 抽奎 (thiu-khe)
* → Maranao: sokay
* → Pangutaran Sama: sukay
* → Tiruray: sukay
* → Tausug: sukay

### Further reading

* “cukai” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# indra
## Balinese
### Romanization

indra
* Romanization of ᬇᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.dra/
* Hyphenation: in‧dra

### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit इन्द्रिय (indriya, “sense”). Compare to Standard Malay deria.

#### Noun

indra
* sense, any of the manners by which living beings perceive the physical world

##### Alternative forms

* deria (Indonesia)
* deria (Johor-Riau)
* dria
* indera
* indria

##### Derived terms

* mengindra
* pengindra
* pengindraan
* indra keenam
* indra pencium
* indra pendengar
* indra penglihat
* indra peraba
* indra perasa
* indra warta

### Etymology 2

From Sanskrit इन्द्र (indra).

#### Noun

indra
* king

##### Related terms

* Indra

### Further reading

* “indra” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Old Javanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in.dra/
* Hyphenation: in‧dra

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit इन्द्र (indra).

#### Noun

indra
* name of the god Indra
* prince
* eye-ball

##### Derived terms

* kendran
* pinakendra
* indrabajra
* indrabhawana
* indrabrata
* indracāpa
* indradeśa
* indradik
* indradiśa
* indrajāla
* indrakanyā
* indrakuliśa
* indraloka
* indranagara
* indranīla
* indrapada
* indrapaṭṭa
* indrarājya
* indrawanitā
* indrawarih
* indraśara
* indrākṛti
* indrālaya
* indrānuja
* indrāstra
* indrāyudha
* indrāṇī
* indrāṇīśāstra

##### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (Indra)
** → Indonesian: Indra (semantic loan)
* → Balinese: ᬇᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (Indra, indra)

### Etymology 2

Affixed idĕr +‎ -in-. Doublet of indĕr.

#### Root

indra
* wandering, spinning, whirling, unstable

##### Derived terms

* aṅindra
* iṅindran
* mendra
* mendran

### Further reading

* "indra" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
# rejimen
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin regimen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [reˈd͡ʒimɛn]
* Hyphenation: ré‧ji‧mèn

### Noun

réjimèn (plural rejimen-rejimen)
* (medicine) regimen: any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation

#### Alternative forms

* regimen

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /reˈd͡ʒimen/ [reˈd͡ʒi.men]
* Hyphenation: ré‧ji‧mén

### Etymology 1

From English regiment.

#### Noun

réjimén (plural rejimen-rejimen, informal 1st possessive rejimenku, 2nd possessive rejimenmu, 3rd possessive rejimennya)
* (military) regiment

##### Alternative forms

* resimen (Standard Indonesian)

### Etymology 2

From English regimen, from Latin regimen.

#### Noun

réjimén (plural rejimen-rejimen, informal 1st possessive rejimenku, 2nd possessive rejimenmu, 3rd possessive rejimennya)
* (medicine) regimen
# kwasiorkor
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kwashiorkor, from English kwashiorkor, from Ga kwašiɔkɔ, kwàṣìɔkɔ́ (“the sickness the older child gets when the next baby is born”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kwasiˈɔrkɔr/
* Rhymes: -kɔr, -ɔr, -r
* Hyphenation: kwa‧si‧or‧kor

### Noun

kwasiorkor (plural kwasiorkor-kwasiorkor)
* (pathology, pediatrics) kwashiorkor: A form of malnutrition, found in children, caused by dietary insufficiency of protein in combination with a high-carbohydrate diet
    Synonyms: busung lapar, hongeroedeem, kurang energi protein, kwasiorkor

#### Alternative forms

* kwasyiorkor (Johor-Riau)

#### Derived terms

* kwasiorkor marasmik

### References

* ↑ Rebecca Tortello, Pieces of the Past, “Dr. Cicely Williams: Jamaica’s Gift to the Field for Maternal and Child Health Care 1893–1992.”. Accessed 2014-10-08.

### Further reading

* “kwasiorkor” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# احضار
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic إِحْضَار (ʔiḥḍār).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔih.ˈzɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔe̞ɦ.zɑ́ːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔe̞ɦ.zɑ́ːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɪ.zɑ́ːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔi.zɔ́ːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔeɦ.zɒ́ːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔeɦ.zɔ́ɾ]

### Noun

احضار • (ehzâr)
* summons; (law) subpoena

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “احضار”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# empal
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦭ꧀ (empal, “slices of spiced meat fried in coconut oil”), from Old Javanese ĕmpal (“flesh, meat”). Compare to Sundanese empal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əm.ˈpal/
* Rhymes: -pal
* Hyphenation: êm‧pal
* Rhymes: -al

### Noun

êmpal (plural empal-empal)
* (cooking) sweet and spicy fried beef cut

#### Derived terms

* empal gentong

### Further reading

* “empal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

empal
* Romanization of ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦭ꧀

## Sundanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦭ꧀ (empal, “slices of spiced meat fried in coconut oil”), from Old Javanese ĕmpal (“flesh, meat”). Compare to Indonesian empal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əm.ˈpal/
* Hyphenation: em‧pal

### Noun

empal (Sundanese script ᮈᮙ᮪ᮕᮜ᮪)
* (cooking) dish of boiled or stewed meat, prepared with spices.

### Further reading

* "ĔMPAL", in Coolsma, S (1913) Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij
# emplasemen
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch emplacement, from French emplacement (“site, location”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛmplasəˈmɛn]
* Hyphenation: èm‧pla‧sê‧mèn

### Noun

èmplasêmèn (plural emplasemen-emplasemen)
* emplacement, a place where a thing is located
** (military) a place where artillery is located
* (rail transport) rail yard, railway yard, railroad yard, yard: a complex of branching railway lines and other infrastructure in which locomotives and rolling stock are stored and rearranged

### Further reading

* “emplasemen” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dedykowałom
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛ.dɘ.kɔˈva.wɔm/
* Rhymes: -awɔm
* Syllabification: de‧dy‧ko‧wa‧łom

### Verb

dedykowałom
* first-person singular neuter past of dedykować
# dedykowałoś
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛ.dɘ.kɔˈva.wɔɕ/
* Rhymes: -awɔɕ
* Syllabification: de‧dy‧ko‧wa‧łoś

### Verb

dedykowałoś
* second-person singular neuter past of dedykować
# Xianyang
## English
### Alternative forms

* Hsien-yang (Wade–Giles)

### Etymology

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 咸陽 (Xiányáng).

### Proper noun

Xianyang
* A prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China.
** [1998, Chris Peers, “Shih Huang-Ti — The Tiger of Ch'in”, in Warlords of China 700 BC to AD 1662‎, Arms and Armour Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 62:The empire was divided into thirty-six ‘commanderies'. Each of these was controlled by a military and a civil governor, with an imperial inspector charged with overseeing them and reporting back to the Ch’in capital at Hsienyang.]
** [2016, Bill Porter, “Onward [往前]”, in The Silk Road: Taking the Bus to Pakistan‎, Counterpoint, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 72:Far less known, but almost as impressive, was Meng T’ien’s construction of a superhighway connecting the Chinese capital of Hsienyang (just across the Wei River from Ch’ang-an) with the newer sections of the Great Wall in Inner Mongolia.]
** 2023 August 29, Li Yuan, “She Rose From Poverty as China Prospered. Then It Made Her Poor Again.”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 August 2023, China's Economy‎:Weeks after her release, a court would seize her two-bedroom apartment in Xianyang in Shaanxi Province and her Toyota Camry because she was insolvent, and put her on a national blacklist. She can no longer book a hotel room or a plane ticket, or take out a loan.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “Xianyang”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, volume 3, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 3501, column 3
* Xianyang, Hsien-yang, Hsienyang at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
# episkopat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch episcopaat, from Late Latin episcopatus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛpɪsˈkopat̚]
* Hyphenation: èpis‧ko‧pat

### Noun

èpiskopat (plural episkopat-episkopat)
* episcopate:
** (Catholicism) the tenure in office of a bishop
** (Catholicism) a bishop's jurisdiction, the extent of his diocese
    Synonym: keuskupan

#### Related terms

* episkopal

### Further reading

* “episkopat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Late Latin episcopatus, from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “watching over”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ.pisˈkɔ.pat/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔpat
* Syllabification: e‧pis‧ko‧pat

### Noun

episkopat m inan
* episcopate, episcopacy (bishops seen as a group)
* episcopate (tenure in office of a bishop)
    Synonyms: biskupstwo, infuła, mitra

#### Related terms

* episkopalny
* episkopalizm
* Episkopat

### Further reading

* episkopat in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* episkopat in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Swedish
### Noun

episkopat
* (religion) episcopacy
# epigon
## English
### Noun

epigon (plural epigons)
* Alternative form of epigone

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛpɪɡon]

### Noun

epigon m anim
* epigone

#### Declension
## Danish
### Etymology

From French épigones, from Latin epigonī, from Ancient Greek ἐπίγονοι (epígonoi), plural form of ἐπίγονος (epígonos, “offspring, descendant”), from ἐπιγίγνομαι (epigígnomai, “I come after”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”), from γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I become”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [epiˈɡoˀn]

### Noun

epigon c (singular definite epigonen, plural indefinite epigoner)
* An undistinguished or inferior imitator of a well known artist or their style.

#### Derived terms

* epigoneri

#### Related terms

* plagiator
* kopist

### References

* “epigon” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English epigone, from French épigones, from Latin epigonī, from Ancient Greek ἐπίγονοι (epígonoi), plural form of ἐπίγονος (epígonos, “offspring, descendant”), from ἐπιγίγνομαι (epigígnomai, “I come after”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”), from γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I become”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛpiɡɔn]
* Hyphenation: èpi‧gon

### Noun

èpigon (uncountable)
* epigone: an undistinguished or inferior imitator of a well known artist or their style

### Further reading

* “epigon” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Epigone or French épigone.

### Noun

epigon m (plural epigoni)
* epigone
# kagma
## Kaingang
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaŋˈma/, [kaɡŋˈᵐba]

### Noun

kagma
* bridge

### References

* Ursula Gojtéj Wiesemann (2011) “kagma”, in Dicionário Kaingang-Português Português-Kaingang‎, 2nd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Curitiba: Editora Esperança, page 37.
# influen
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English influent, from Latin influent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪnˈfluɛn/
* Hyphenation: in‧flu‧èn

### Noun

influèn (uncountable)
* influent

### Further reading

* “influen” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# Republik Ceko
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /reˌpublik ˈt͡ʃɛko/ [reˌpu.blɪk̚ ˈt͡ʃɛ.ko]
* Rhymes: -ɛko
* Syllabification: Re‧pu‧blik Ce‧ko

### Proper noun

Républik Cèko
* Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)
    Synonym: Ceko

#### Synonyms

* (Standard Malay) Republik Czech, Czech

#### See also

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belanda
* Belarus
* Belgia
* Bosnia dan Herzegovina
* Britania Raya
* Bulgaria
* Ceko
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finlandia
* Georgia
* Hongaria
* Irlandia
* Islandia
* Italia
* Jerman
* Kazakhstan
* Kosovo
* Kroasia
* Latvia
* Listenstaina
* Lituania
* Luksemburg
* Makedonia
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monako
* Montenegro
* Norwegia
* Perancis
* Polandia
* Portugal
* Rumania
* Rusia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Siprus
* Slovenia
* Slowakia
* Spanyol
* Swedia
* Swiss
* Turki
* Ukraina
* Vatikan
* Yunani
# kwartir
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch kwartier, from Middle Dutch quartier, from Old French quartier, from Latin quartārius. Doublet of kuarter.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkwartɪr]
* Hyphenation: kwar‧tir

### Noun

kwartir (uncountable)
* quarter: residence or dwelling-place; (in plural) rooms, lodgings, especially as allocated to soldiers or domestic staff
    Synonym: markas
* (scouting) regional subdivision in pramuka (“scout”) of Indonesia

#### Alternative forms

* kuartir

### Further reading

* “kwartir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kwetiau
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Hokkien 粿條／粿条 (kóe-tiâu, “kway teow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kweˈtiau̯]
* Hyphenation: kwe‧ti‧au

### Noun

kwétiau (plural kwetiau-kwetiau)
* (cooking) kway teow, a flat rice noodle

#### Alternative forms

* kuetiau (Johor-Riau)

### Further reading

* “kwetiau” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# lahan yasan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Calque of English real estate.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlahan ˈjasan/

### Noun

lahan yasan (plural lahan-lahan yasan)
* real property, real estate
    Synonyms: rèal èstat, properti tanah
    Synonym: hartanah (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “lahan yasan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# laju kematian spesifik
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of laju +‎ kematian +‎ spesifik.

### Noun

laju kematian spesifik (plural laju-laju kematian spesifik)
* (demography) specific death rate (SDR): the number of deaths in a specific group or from a specific cause per 1000 people in a given area over a period of time

### Further reading

* “laju kematian spesifik” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# lampiran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed lampir +‎ -an, from Malay lampiran (“appendix”).
* Semantic loan from English attachment for computer sense.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [lamˈpɪran]
* Hyphenation: lam‧pir‧an

### Noun

lampiran (plural lampiran-lampiran)
* attachment
** the means by which something is physically attached.(Can we verify this sense?)
    Map lamaran beserta lampiran dimasukkan ke dalam amplop warna coklat. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
** (computing) a file sent along with an email
    Gambar peniti kecil di samping status email menunjukkan masih ada lampiran yang belum Anda buka loh! ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Jika Anda tidak mengenal orang yang mengirimi Anda lampiran dalam emailnya, jangan buka lampiran tersebut. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* appendix: a text added to the end of a book or an article, containing additional information
    Denah dan tata ruang gedung secara keseluruhan dapat dilihat pada lampiran analisis kelayakan ini. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Synonym: apendiks
* supplementary, ancillary, secondary, supplement
    Portofolio merupakan lampiran dari rapor. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Synonyms: pelengkap, susulan, tambahan
* addendum

### Further reading

* “lampiran” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

lampir +‎ -an

### Noun

lampiran (Jawi spelling لمڤيرن, plural lampiran-lampiran, informal 1st possessive lampiranku, 2nd possessive lampiranmu, 3rd possessive lampirannya)
* (literature) appendix (text added to the end of a book)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: lampiran

### Further reading

* “lampiran” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# lampu busur
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Partial calque of Dutch booglamp (“arc lamp”) as lampu (“lamp”) +‎ busur (“arc”).

### Noun

lampu busur (plural lampu-lampu busur)
* (colloquial) arc lamp
    Synonyms: bohlam, bola lampu listrik

### Further reading

* “lampu busur” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# langsir
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlaŋ.sɪr]
* Hyphenation: lang‧sir

### Etymology 1

From Dutch rangeer, the present tense 1st person singular form of rangeren, from French ranger, rang, from Old French renc, reng, ranc, rang, from Frankish *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The rail transport sense was a semantic loan from German rangieren in Dutch. Doublet of ring.

#### Verb

langsir
* (rail transport) to shunt, to move a train from one track to another, or to move carriages, etc. from one train to another
    Synonym: melangsir

##### Derived terms

* langsiran
* melangsir

### Etymology 2

From Dutch lansier or Portuguese lanceiro, ultimately from Late Latin lanceārius, from Latin lancea (“spear”).

#### Noun

langsir (plural langsir-langsir)
* (obsolete) lancer, a soldier armed with a lance

### Further reading

* “langsir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [laŋ.se(r)]
* Rhymes: -se(r), -e(r)
* Hyphenation: lang‧sir

### Etymology 1

From English ranger (“sieve”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

langsir (Jawi spelling لڠسير, plural langsir-langsir, informal 1st possessive langsirku, 2nd possessive langsirmu, 3rd possessive langsirnya)
* A curtain (piece of cloth covering a window).
    Synonyms: tabir, tirai, layar

##### Affixations

* berlangsir
* langsiri

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Minangkabau.

#### Adjective

langsir (Jawi spelling لڠسير)
* Not fat; slim, thin.
    Synonym: kurus
    Antonyms: gemuk, berisi, debab

### Further reading

* “langsir” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# laporan kemajuan
## Indonesian
### Noun

laporan kemajuan (plural laporan-laporan kemajuan)
* progress report