# 狼

| 狼 | U+72FC, &#29436; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72FC |
| ← 狻 [U+72FB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 狽 → [U+72FD] |
| 狼 | U+F92B, &#63787; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92B |
| ← 浪 [U+F92A] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 郎 → [U+F92C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

狼 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹戈日女 (KHIAV), four-corner 4323$_2$, composition ⿰犭良)

#### Derived characters

* 𦵧, 𥱉, 𮯏

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 712, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
* Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1350, character 7
* Unihan data for U+72FC
* Unihan data for U+F92B

## Chinese

* 狼 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 狼 (Cantonese)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 狼 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 剆 | *raːl, *raːlʔ |
| 郎 | *raːŋ |
| 稂 | *raːŋ |
| 桹 | *raːŋ |
| 鋃 | *raːŋ |
| 硠 | *raːŋ |
| 浪 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 蜋 | *raːŋ, *raŋ |
| 琅 | *raːŋ |
| 狼 | *raːŋ |
| 欴 | *raːŋ |
| 踉 | *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs |
| 莨 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 艆 | *raːŋ |
| 駺 | *raːŋ |
| 躴 | *raːŋ |
| 筤 | *raːŋ |
| 閬 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 哴 | *raːŋ, *raŋs |
| 蓈 | *raːŋ |
| 廊 | *raːŋ |
| 榔 | *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ |
| 螂 | *raːŋ |
| 瑯 | *raːŋ |
| 朗 | *raːŋʔ |
| 朖 | *raːŋʔ |
| 誏 | *raːŋʔ |
| 俍 | *raːŋʔ |
| 崀 | *raːŋʔ |
| 埌 | *raːŋs |
| 蒗 | *raːŋs |
| 娘 | *naŋ |
| 良 | *raŋ |
| 粮 | *raŋ |
| 悢 | *raŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːŋ): semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): láng (lang$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nang$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лон (lon, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): long$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): long$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lang$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lòng
    (Hailu, HRS): long
    (Meixian, Guangdong): long$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lon$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): lǒng
* Eastern Min (BUC): lòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lorng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lông / liông / lâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$laon
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): lan$^2$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): lan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: láng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: láng
*** Wade–Giles: lang$^2$
*** Yale: láng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
*** Palladius: лан (lan)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nang$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lang
*** Sinological IPA : /naŋ²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лон (lon, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: long$^4$
*** Yale: lòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: long$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: long$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: long$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔŋ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /laŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: long$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: long$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /loŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: long
*** Sinological IPA: /loŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: long$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /lɔŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /lɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǒng
*** Sinological IPA : /lɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lòng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ouŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lorng$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ló̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /lɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông
*** Tâi-lô: lông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: loong
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /lɔŋ²¹³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Klang): /lɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
*** Tâi-lô: liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâng
*** Tâi-lô: lâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: laang
*** IPA (Longyan): /laŋ¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâng
*** Sinological IPA : /laŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$laon
*** MiniDict: laon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$laan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lɑ̃²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: lan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃an¹³/
** (Hengyang)
*** Wiktionary: lan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lan¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: lang
Rime :
| Character | 狼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 魯當切 |
| Baxter | lang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /laŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | láng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | long$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 狼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | láng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁaŋ/ |
| English | wolf |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 狼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8019 |
| Phonetic component | 良 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 郎 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲文作𤜪 |

### Definitions

狼
* wolf (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m; 頭／头 m)
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Níng Chéng wèi Jǐnán dōuwèi, qí zhì rú láng mùyáng. [Pinyin]
    When Ning Cheng was the commandant of Jinan, his governance was like a wolf tending to sheep.
* (figurative) dirty guy; pervert
* (Cantonese) cruel; ruthless
** 1995, Out of the Dark:
       nei$^5$ sai$^2$ m$^4$ sai$^2$ gam$^3$ long$^4$ aa$^3$? [Jyutping]
       Is there any need to be this cruel?

#### Synonyms

* (wolf):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 張三兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 狼, 張三兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 狼, 狼三兒, 張三兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 狼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 狼, 張三兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 狼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 狼, 媽虎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 狼, 媽虎, 媽猴 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 狼 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 狼, 張三 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 狼, 媽虎 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 狼, 麻胡 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 狼, 媽虎 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 狼, 媽虎, 媽猴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 狼, 狼扒子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 狼, 大媽虎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 狼, 麻虎兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 狼, 大尾巴狗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 狼狼, 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 狼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 狼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 狼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 狼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 狼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 狼 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 狼, 豺狗子, 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 狼, 豺狗, 豺狗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 狼, 野狗, 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 狼, 豺狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 狼, 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 土豹子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 野狗, 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 狼, 豺狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 狼, 豺狗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 豺狼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 狼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 狼, 豺狗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 狼 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 狼 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 狼 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 狼 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 狼, 豺狗 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 豺狼 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 狼 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 狼 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 狼, 麻胡子, 麻虎, 麻圪節, 麻圪夾 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 麻胡 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 狼 |
| Jin | Datong | 狼 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 狼 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 狼, 山神爺兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 狼 |
| Jin | Linhe | 狼 |
| Jin | Jining | 狼 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 狼 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 狼 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 狼 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 狼 |
| Jin | Handan | 狼 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 狼 |
| Jin | Suide | 狼, 山神爺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 狼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 狼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 狼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 狼 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 普狸 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 狼, 豺狗 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 豺狗 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 狼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 狼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) | 狼 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 狼 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) | 狼 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 狼 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 狼 |
| Wu | Changshu | 狼 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 狼 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 狼 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 狼 |
| Wu | Liyang | 狼 |
| Wu | Changzhou (Jintan) | 狼 |
| Wu | Yixing | 狼 |
| Wu | Danyang | 狼 |
| Wu | Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) | 狼 |
| Wu | Jingjiang | 狼 |
| Wu | Jiangyin | 狼 |
| Wu | Huzhou (Shuanglin) | 狼 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 狼 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 狼 |
| Wu | Zhuji (Wangjiajing) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shengzhou (Chongren) | 狼 |
| Wu | Shengzhou (Taiping) | 狼 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 狼 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 狼 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Huangyan) | 狼 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 狼, 狼狗 |
| Wu | Quzhou | 狼 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 狼 |
| Wu | Yongkang | 狼 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 狼 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 狼, 山馬 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 狼 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 豺狼 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Dong'an | 豺狗 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Changlai) | 豺狗 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Beixiang) | 豺狼 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Huangpu) | 豺狼 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) | 豺狗 |
| Yuebei Tuhua | Lechang (Sanxi) | 豺狗 |
* (cruel): 兇狠／凶狠 (xiōnghěn), (Cantonese) 狼死

### Compounds

* 中山狼 (Zhōngshānláng)
* 使羊將狼 / 使羊将狼
* 出醜狼藉 / 出丑狼借
* 北美狼
* 周章狼狽 / 周章狼狈 (zhōuzhānglángbèi)
* 土狼 (tǔláng)
* 天狼 (Tiānláng)
* 天狼星 (Tiānlángxīng)
* 套白狼
* 如狼似虎 (rúlángsìhǔ)
* 如狼如虎
* 如狼牧羊
* 如虎如狼
* 官虎吏狼
* 引狼入室 (yǐnlángrùshì)
* 德國狼犬 / 德国狼犬
* 戰狼 / 战狼 (zhànláng)
* 拒虎進狼 / 拒虎进狼
* 杯盤狼籍 / 杯盘狼籍 (bēipánlángjí)
* 杯盤狼藉 / 杯盘狼借 (bēipánlángjí)
* 狗肺狼心 (gǒufèilángxīn)
* 狗行狼心
* 狼人 (lángrén, “werewolf”)
* 狼伉
* 狼來了 / 狼来了
* 狼僕 / 狼仆
* 狼分
* 狼卜食
* 狼吃幞頭
* 狼吞虎咽 (lángtūnhǔyàn)
* 狼吞虎噬
* 狼吞虎嚥 / 狼吞虎咽 (lángtūnhǔyàn)
* 狼嗥
* 狼嗥鬼叫 (lángháoguǐjiào)
* 狼多肉少 (lángduōròushǎo)
* 狼奔豕突
* 狼奔鼠竄 / 狼奔鼠窜
* 狼子 (lángzǐ)
* 狼子獸心 / 狼子兽心
* 狼子野心 (lángzǐyěxīn)
* 狼尾草
* 狼居胥山
* 狼山 (Lángshān)
* 狼山雞 / 狼山鸡
* 狼崽子
* 狼心 (lángxīn)
* 狼心狗幸 (lángxīn gǒu xìng)
* 狼心狗肺 (lángxīngǒufèi)
* 狼心狗行 (láng xīn gǒu xíng)
* 狼戾 (lánglì)
* 狼抗
* 狼毒
* 狼毛筆 / 狼毛笔
* 狼毫 (lángháo)
* 狼烽
* 狼煙 / 狼烟 (lángyān)
* 狼煙四起 / 狼烟四起
* 狼牙 (lángyá)
* 狼牙拍
* 狼牙棒
* 狼犬
* 狼犺
* 狼狗 (lánggǒu)
* 狼狽 / 狼狈 (lángbèi)
* 狼狽不堪 / 狼狈不堪
* 狼狽為奸 / 狼狈为奸 (lángbèiwéijiān)
* 狼狽相倚 / 狼狈相倚
* 狼狽萬狀 / 狼狈万状
* 狼狽而逃 / 狼狈而逃
* 狼猛蜂毒
* 狼獾 (lánghuān)
* 狼瘡 / 狼疮 (lángchuāng)
* 狼窩 / 狼窝 (lángwō)
* 狼籍 (lángjí)
* 狼胥
* 狼藉 / 狼借 (lángjí)
* 狼虎藥 / 狼虎药
* 狼虎路
* 狼號鬼叫 / 狼号鬼叫
* 狼號鬼哭 / 狼号鬼哭
* 狼貪 / 狼贪
* 狼貪鼠竊 / 狼贪鼠窃
* 狼跋
* 狼音 (lángyīn)
* 狼顧 / 狼顾
* 狼顧狐疑 / 狼顾狐疑
* 狼飧虎嚥 / 狼飧虎咽
* 狼餐
* 狼餐虎嚥 / 狼餐虎咽
* 狼魚 / 狼鱼
* 狼鰭魚 / 狼鳍鱼
* 生狼
* 白狼
* 白狼河
* 白眼兒狼 / 白眼儿狼 (báiyǎnrláng)
* 粒米狼戾
* 羊狠狼貪 / 羊狠狼贪
* 聲名狼藉 / 声名狼借 (shēngmínglángjí)
* 臥狼當道 / 卧狼当道
* 色狼 (sèláng)
* 花臉狼 / 花脸狼
* 虎咽狼吞
* 虎狼 (hǔláng)
* 虎狼之口
* 虎狼之國 / 虎狼之国
* 虎狼之師 / 虎狼之师 (hǔláng zhī shī)
* 虎狼之心
* 虎豹豺狼 (hǔbàocháiláng)
* 虎體狼腰 / 虎体狼腰 (hǔ tǐ láng yāo)
* 彪腹狼腰 (biāo fù láng yāo)
* 豕突狼奔
* 豺狼 (cháiláng)
* 豺狼塞路
* 豺狼成性
* 豺狼橫道 / 豺狼横道
* 豺狼當塗 / 豺狼当涂
* 豺狼當路 / 豺狼当路
* 豺狼當道 / 豺狼当道 (cháilángdāngdào)
* 豺狼虎豹 (cháilánghǔbào)
* 豺狼野心
* 貪狼 / 贪狼
* 贓汙狼藉 / 赃污狼借
* 野心狼
* 餓狼 / 饿狼 (èláng)
* 首尾狼狽 / 首尾狼狈
* 鬼哭狼嚎 (guǐkūlángháo)
* 鬼哭狼號 / 鬼哭狼号
* 鷹視狼步 / 鹰视狼步
* 鷹視狼顧 / 鹰视狼顾
* 黃鼠狼 / 黄鼠狼 (huángshǔláng)
* 鼠攛狼奔 / 鼠撺狼奔
* 鼠竄狼奔 / 鼠窜狼奔

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* wolf

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろう (rō)
* Kan-on: ろう (rō)
* Kun: おおかみ (ōkami, 狼)、おおかめ (ōkame, おおかめ)

#### Compounds

On'yomi:
* 狼(ろう)咽(いん) (rōin): cleft palate
* 狼(ろう)烟(えん) (rōen): a signal fire
* 狼(ろう)煙(えん) (rōen): a signal fire
* 狼(ろう)火(か) (rōka): a signal fire
* 狼(ろう)牙(げ)棒(ぼう) (rōgebō): a wolf's teeth mace
* 狼(ろう)子(し)野(や)心(しん) (rōshiyashin): untamed
* 狼(ろう)藉(じゃく)日(にち) (rōjakunichi): in the Onmyōdō religion, a day when everything is evil
* 狼(ろう)燧(すい) (rōsui): a signal fire
* 狼(ろう)星(せい) (rōsei): Sirius, the Dog Star
* 狼(ろう)藉(ぜき) (rōzeki): disorderly; violent; savage
* 狼(ろう)藉(ぜき)者(もの) (rōzekimono): a ruffian
* 狼(ろう)瘡(そう) (rōsō): lupus
* 狼(ろう)毒(どく) (rōdoku): Japanese wolfsbane, a poisonous perennial of the family Thymelaeaceae
* 狼(ろう)狽(ばい) (rōbai): panic, confusion
* 狼(ろう)戻(れい) (rōrei): disorderly; violent; savage
Kun'yomi:
* 狼(おおかみ)男(おとこ) (ōkami otoko): a wolfman, a werewolf
* 狼(おおかみ)座(ざ) (ōkamiza): the Lupus constellation
* 狼(おおかみ)人(にん)間(げん) (ōkami ningen): a werewolf
* 狼(おおかみ)弾(はじき) (ōkami hajiki)
* 狼(おおかみ)者(もの) (ōkamimono): a brazen, impudent, or cunning person
Irregular:
* 狼狽眼(うろたえまなこ) (urotaemanako): surprised or panicked eyes
* 狼狽者(うろたえもの) (urotaemono): an easily confused person
* 狼牙(みつもとそう) (mitsumotosō): a type of cinquefoil, sp. Potentilla cryptotaeniae
* 狼煙守(のろしまもり) (noroshimamori): a signal fire keeper or tender

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 狼
* おおかみ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
/opo kami$_2$/ → /opokami/ → /ofokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 大 (opo, “great”) +‎ 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).
First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おおかみ [óꜜòkàmì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [o̞ːka̠mʲi]

#### Noun

狼(おおかみ) or 狼(オオカミ) • (ōkami) (counter 匹)
* a wolf (animal)
** 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 7, page 56:犲狼 [...] 説文云、狼、音郎、於保加美、和名二字、本草和名、犲皮、和名於保加美、雄略紀、豺狼二字同訓、貝原氏曰、狼、於保加美 [...](please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 18, page 17: (Shinpukuji manuscript)
    犲狼: 兼名苑云狼一名犲音於説文云狼音即和名於保加美似犬而銃頭白頬者也爾雅注云獥音叫狼子也(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō
    狼（オホカミ）(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1444: Kagakushū (Volume 13)
    狼（ヲヽカミ）(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* Short for 日本狼 (Nihon-ōkami, “Japanese wolf”).
** 2006 May 20, Michiyo Akaishi, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ) [Final Chapter]”, in AMAKUSA(アマクサ)1637 [Amakusa 1637], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 179:
    狼(おおかみ)って絶(ぜつ)滅(めつ)してないの？狼(おおかみ)いっぱいいますよー　どうしたんです　会(かい)長(ちょう)　今日(きょう)は
       Ōkami tte zetsumetsu shite nai no?
       Aren’t wolves supposed to be extinct?
       Ōkami ippai imasu yō Dō shitan desu kaichō kyō wa
       Wolves are all alive and well. Why are you acting so strange today, chief?

##### Usage notes

* As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オオカミ.

#### See also

* canids: イヌ科(か) (Inu-ka): 犬(イヌ) (inu) · 狼(オオカミ) (ōkami) · 狐(キツネ) (kitsune) · コヨーテ (koyōte) · ジャッカル (jakkaru)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 狼
* おおかめ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞ːka̠me̞]

#### Noun

狼(おおかめ) • (ōkame)
* (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
** 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
    Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...](please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 697:Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (狼) 狼.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1632, Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 75:Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### References

* 1 2 3 “狼”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ “狼”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
   * Kamei, Takashi (1944) [1444] Kagakushū: Gennabon (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
   * Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
   * Tadakane, Tachibana with Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
   * Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 狼 (MC lang). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ (lang) (Yale: lang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 狼 (eumhun 이리 랑 (iri rang), word-initial (South Korea) 이리 낭 (iri nang))
* hanja form of 랑/낭 (“wolf”)

#### Compounds

* 낭패 (狼狽, nangpae, “failure”)
* 호랑이 (虎狼이, horang'i, “tiger”)
* 흑랑 (黑狼, heungnang, “Canis lupus”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

狼: Hán Việt readings: lang
狼: Nôm readings: lang
* chữ Hán form of lang (“wolf”).

#### Compounds

* 𣋀天狼 (Sao Thiên Lang, “Sirius”)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).