# Newton
## English
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English Neweton, from Old English nēowa tūn (“new town”). Compare same construction in Italian Napoli (“Naples”) and in Arabic نَابُلُس (nābulus, “Nablus”).
The unexpected Early Modern pronunciation with /ɛʊ̯/, as securely attested in Richard Hodges' 1644 English Primrose and confirmed by obsolete Welsh Newtwnn, is due to trisyllabic shortening in Old English nēowa tūn or Middle English Neweton.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈn(j)uːtən/
* (Early Modern) IPA: /ˈnɛʊ̯tən/, /ˈnɪʊ̯tən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːtən

### Proper noun

Newton
* The name of many English-speaking places, including:
** Several places in England:
*** A small village and civil parish of Cambridgeshire.
*** A suburb of Chester, Cheshire West and Chester, Cheshire (OS grid ref SJ4168). Not to be confused with Newtown, Chester.
*** A village in Dalton (Town) with Newton parish, Barrow-in-Furness borough, Cumbria (OS grid ref SD2371).
*** A village in Blackwell parish, Bolsover district, Derbyshire (OS grid ref SK4459).
*** A village in Sturminster Newton parish, Dorset (OS grid ref ST7813; Sturminster Newton was originally Sturminster).
*** A suburban area near Hyde, Tameside borough, Greater Manchester (OS grid ref SJ9596).
*** A hamlet and civil parish in north Herefordshire, served by Hope under Dinmore and Newton Parish Council (OS grid ref SO5053).
*** A hamlet and civil parish (served by Vowchurch and District Parish Council) in south-west Herefordshire (OS grid ref SO3433).
*** A village and civil parish (served by Newton-in-Bowland Parish Council) in Ribble Valley district, Lancashire (OS grid ref SD6950).
*** A small village in Newton and Little Oakley parish, North Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire, previously in Kettering district (OS grid ref SP8883).
*** A village and civil parish of Rushcliffe district, Nottinghamshire.
*** A village in Bywell parish, Northumberland (OS grid ref NZ0364).
*** A small village and civil parish of Suffolk.
*** A village in Newton and Biggin parish, Rugby borough, Warwickshire (OS grid ref SP5378).
** A village in Dumfriesshire, Dumfries and Galloway council area, Scotland, otherwise known as Newton Wamphray (OS grid ref NY1194).
** A residential area in Cambuslang, South Lanarkshire council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NS6660).
** An eastern suburb of Porthcawl, Bridgend county borough, Wales (OS grid ref SS8377).
** A city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts.
** A number of other places in the United States:
*** A small city in Dale County, Alabama.
*** A small city, the county seat of Baker County, Georgia.
*** A city, the county seat of Jasper County, Illinois.
*** A city, the county seat of Jasper County, Iowa.
*** A city, the county seat of Harvey County, Kansas, named after Newton, Massachusetts.
*** A small city in Newton County, Mississippi.
*** A town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire.
*** A town, the county seat of Sussex County, New Jersey.
*** A city, the county seat of Catawba County, North Carolina.
*** A city, the county seat of Newton County, Texas.
*** A small city in Cache County, Utah.
*** A town and unincorporated community therein, in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin.
*** A town in Marquette County, Wisconsin.
*** An unincorporated community in the town of Harmony, Vernon County, Wisconsin.
* A habitational surname for someone from any of these places.
* Isaac Newton, English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher.

#### Derived terms

* Buckland Newton
* Maiden Newton
* newton
* Newton Abbot
* Newton Arlosh
* Newton Aycliffe
* Newton-by-the-Sea
* Newton-Cotes formula
* Newton-Cotes rule
* Newton County
* Newton Dale
* Newton Hall
* Newton Harcourt
* Newton Heath
* Newtonian
* Newton Kyme
* Newton-le-Willows
* Newton Longville
* Newton Mearns
* Newton of Falkland
* Newton-on-Ayr
* Newton-on-Ouse
* Newton Poppleford
* Newton Purcell
* Newton Regis
* Newton's cradle
* Newton's rings
* Newton St Cyres
* Newton Stewart
* Newton Tony
* Newton-with-Clifton
* Newton-with-Scales
* non-quasi-Newton
* Old Newton
* South Newton
* Sturminster Newton
* Trowse with Newton
* XMM-Newton

#### Related terms

* Newtown (place name)

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Richard Hoḏğe̯s̮ (1644) Th̜e E̯n̆glis͡h Primrôs̮e̱ […] , Lo̮ndo̮n: Printed for Richard Côtes, page 55; republished as R. C. Alston, editor, Richard Hodges: The English primrose, 1644 (English linguistics 1500-1800; 183), Menston: Scolar Press, 1969.
* ↑ Parry-Williams, T. H. (1923) “IV: Middle and New English Diphthongs”, in The English element in Welsh; a study of English loan-words in Welsh, London: The Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, § 66, page 205
* ↑ Dobson, E. J. (1957) English pronunciation 1500-1700‎, second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 244, page 800:Though Hodges generally is most careful to distinguish ME ęu from ME ẹu, it might be argued that some hesitancy is revealed by his transcribing Newton four times with ęu, against new (news, newly) twelve times and Newman thrice with ẹu; but he repeatedly gives Newton as a specially chosen example of ęu in deliberate contrast to Newman as an example of ẹu, and we cannot doubt that he did really use ME ęu in Newton. The explanation must be that in the OE compound place-name nẽowa(n)tūn(e) shortening occurs in the first element, giving late OE nĕowa(n)tūn(e), whence ME Nęwton (cf. ęwe from OE ĕowu) […].
* ↑ Ward map (Chester)
* ↑ Parish map (north Herefordshire)
* ↑ OS: south-west Herefordshire
* ↑ Parish map (Ribble Valley)

### Anagrams

* onwent, went on

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Newton n (strong, genitive Newtons or Newton, plural Newton)
* newton (unit of measure)