# as
## Translingual
### Symbol

as
* (metrology) Symbol for attosecond, an SI unit of time equal to 10$^{−18}$ seconds.
* (metrology) arcsecond
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Assamese.

## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English as, als(a), alswa, from Old English eallswā (“just so; as”), thus representing a reduced form of also. Compare German Low German a(l)s, German als, Dutch als.

#### Pronunciation

* (stressed form) IPA: /æz/
** (US, Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: [æz]
** (Canada, Standard Southern British, Northern England) IPA: [az]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æz
* (unstressed form) IPA: /əz/

#### Adverb

as (not comparable)
* To such an extent or degree; to the same extent or degree.
    You’re not as tall as I am.
    It's not as well made, but it's twice as expensive.
** 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:“My Continental prominence is improving,” I commented dryly. Von Lindowe cut at a furze bush with his silver-mounted rattan. “Quite so,” he said as dryly, his hand at his mustache. “I may say if your intentions were known your life would not be worth a curse.”
** 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry. His wooing had been brief but incisive.
* Considered to be, in relation to something else; in the relation (specified).
** 1865, The Act of Suicide as Distinct from the Crime of Self-Murder: A Sermon:
** 1937, Tobias Matthay, On Colouring as Distinct from Tone-inflection: A Lecture, London: Oxford University Press:
* (dated) For example; for instance. (Compare such as.)
** 1820, John Strype, The Life of the Learned Sir Thomas Smith, page 48:Likewise many other indulgences were by virtue hereof granted; as, to have a portatile altar, to receive the Sacrament privately; […]
** 1913, “Aboriginal”, in Webster's Unabridged Dictionary:First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; as, the aboriginal tribes of America.
** 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros‎, London: Jonathan Cape, page 3:The floor of the chamber was tesselated, of marble and green tourmaline, and on every square of tourmaline was carven the image of a fish: as the dolphin, the conger, the cat-fish, the salmon, the tunny, the squid, and other wonders of the deep.

##### Derived terms

* as I live and breathe

##### Translations
#### Conjunction

as
* In the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that.
    Do as I say!
    I'm under a lot of pressure, as you know.
    As you wish, my lord!
    The kidnappers released him as agreed.
** 2001, Jason Manning, Mountain Honor, Signet Book, →ISBN:"But he's good as dead, and I ain't about to waste a bullet."
** Used after so or as to introduce a comparison.
    She's twice as strong as I was two years ago.
    It's not so complicated as I expected.
    It’s as easy to do it right as (to) do it wrong.
** Used to introduce a result: with the result that it is.
*** 1868, Proceedings and Debates of the [New York] Constitutional Convention Held in 1867 and 1868 in the City of Albany, page 2853:[...] that the Board of Regents had fallen into disrepute; that intelligent men inquired what the board was; he said that it was a quiet body, and kept out of the newspapers — and so quiet as to lead many to suppose tho board had ceased to exist.
*** 2006, Eric Manasse, The Twenty-First Man, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 7:It was a talent he had developed; he could actually be so quiet as to be practically invisible. In class, he was rarely called upon to answer any questions. In the crowded hallways, he could slip in and out without offending any of the local bullies ...
*** 2011, Herwig C. H. Hofmann, Gerard C. Rowe, Alexander H. Türk, Administrative Law and Policy of the European Union, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 507:Under most circumstances, it will be possible to draw a distinction sufficiently clear as to allow an unambiguous allocation to one or other category.
** Expressing concession: though.
    (As) much as/though I respect your viewpoint, I can’t agree.
    (As) bravely as/though they fought, they soon lost the battle.
*** 1843 (first published), Thomas Babington Macaulay, Essays
    We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient as it may be, which this work has excited.
*** 2009, Matthew Friedman, Laurie B. Slone, J Friedman, After the War Zone, →ISBN:If this happens, be patient and, difficult as it may be, try not to take these reactions personally.
* At the time that; during the time when:
** At the same instant or moment that: when.
    As I came in, she fled.
** At the same time that, during the same time when: while.
    He sleeps as the rain falls.
** Varying through time in the same proportion that.
    As my fear grew, so did my legs become heavy.
    As she grew older, she grew wiser.
* Being that, considering that, because, since.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:because
    As it’s too late, I quit.
    (As) tired as he was, I decided not to disturb him.
* (dated) Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state (+ subjunctive, or with the verb elided): as though, as if. [to 19th century]
** 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):I start as from some dreadful dream.
** 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts ij:And sodenly there cam a sounde from heven as it had bene the commynge off a myghty wynde […]
** 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:Oft haue I ſeene the haughty Cardinall, More like a Souldier then a man o' th' Church, As ſtout and proud as he were Lord of all […]
** 1990, Andrew Fetler, “The third count”, in Triquarterly, number Spring:I feel securely fixed on the careering chair, and with the momentum gained I steer myself as on skis to the guard and come to a stop with a happy little flourish.
** 1992/1993 Winter, Katherine Weissman, “The Divorce Gang”, in Ploughshares, volume 18, number 4, page 202:They think they are romantic, tragic figures, exiled as on Elba. They picture themselves as enlightened barons bringing civilization, opportunity, and kindness to the brown-skinned.
** 2011 January 30, Kyle Wagner, “E-readers lighten a traveler's load But choosing the right unit means weighing features, cost, ease of use”, in Denver Post, page Travel 1:Newspapers and magazines would load their graphics, and you could doodle as on the Sony Reader Daily Edition.
* (law) used before a preposition to clarify that the prepositional phrase restricts the meaning of the sentence; specifically.
    The case is dismissed as between Jones and Smith. (makes explicit that the case is continued between other parties to the litigation)
    The case is dismissed as against Smith. (makes explicit that it is continued against some other defendant)
* Functioning as a relative conjunction, and sometimes like a relative pronoun: that, which, who. (See usage notes.) [from 14th c.]
    He had the same problem as she did getting the lock open.
** c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):Now will he sit under a medlar tree, And wish his mistress were that kind of fruit, As maids call medlars, when they laugh alone.
** 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 5, member 1, subsection v:the temper is to be altered and amended, with such things as fortify and strengthen the heart and brain […]
** 1854, Charles Dickens, “Book I, Chapter II”, in Hard Times. For These Times, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], →OCLC:‘Sissy is not a name,’ said Mr. Gradgrind. ‘Don’t call yourself Sissy. Call yourself Cecilia.’ ‘It’s father as calls me Sissy, sir,’ returned the young girl in a trembling voice, and with another curtsey.
** 2016, Alan Moore, Jerusalem, Liveright, published 2016, page 99:“If I had, if I could hold me head up with the better folk, perhaps I'd think again, but I don't reckon as that's very likely now.”
* (rare, now England, Midland US and Southern US, possibly obsolete) Than.
** 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):The king was not more forward to bestow favours on them as they free to deal affronts to others their superiors.
** 1660, James Howell, Parly of Beasts, page 48:Darkness itself is no more opposite to light as their actions were diametricall to their words.

##### Usage notes

* Use of as as a relative conjunction meaning "that" dates to late Middle English and was formerly common in standard English, but is now only standard in constructions like "the same issue as she had" or "the identical issue as the appellant raised before"; otherwise, it is informal, found in the dialects of the Midland, Southern, Midwestern and Western US; and of Lancashire, Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Northamptonshire, Huntingdonshire, East Anglia, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Bedfordshire, Essex, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Surrey, and Cornwall; sometimes in Durham, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Somerset; only rarely in Northumberland and Scotland; and only in certain set phrases in Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire and Devon.

##### Alternative forms

* -'s (contracted form)

##### Synonyms

* (expressing concession): albeit, although; see also Thesaurus:even though
* (at the same time that): while, whilst; see also Thesaurus:while
* (being that): given that, seeing that; see also Thesaurus:because

##### Derived terms

* as much as
* forasmuch
* green as a gooseberry
* green as grass
* much as
* whenas
* whereas
* whereäs

##### Translations
#### Preposition

as
* Introducing a basis of comparison, with an object in the objective case.
    You are not as tall as my sister.
    They are big as houses.
** 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; as, again, the arm-chair in which Bunting now sat forward, staring into the dull, small fire.
** 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry.
* In the role of.
    What is your opinion as a parent?
    He was never seen as the boss, but rather as a friend.
** 2000, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast, St. James encyclopedia of popular culture, volume 2, page 223:Directed by Howard Hawks, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes starred Marilyn Monroe as Lorelei and Jane Russell as Dorothy.
** 2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus. […] A photo processing technique called focus stacking has changed that. Developed as a tool to electronically combine the sharpest bits of multiple digital images, focus stacking is a boon to biologists seeking full focus on a micron scale.
* by way of
    I bought you a new toy as a special treat.

##### Usage notes

In traditional standard English as (like than) is a conjunction, not a preposition. The use of pronominal case forms (subject vs. object) therefore depends on the syntactical context. Compare:
* She loves you just as much as I [do].
* She loves you just as much as [she loves] me.
In modern everyday English, this difference may be lost and the use of bare subject forms (I, he, she, we, they) after as may seem pedantic. Only the object forms are used on their own.
* You are not as tall as I. (formal/dated short form)
* You are not as tall as me. (informal short form)
* You are not as tall as I am. (full form)

##### Derived terms

* as-built

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin as. Doublet of ace.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈæs/
* Homophone: ass

#### Noun

as (plural ases or asses)
* (unit of weight) A libra.
* (numismatics) Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value.
    Synonyms: assarion, assarius

##### Further reading

* As (Roman coin) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 3

From a +‎ -s.

#### Noun

as
* (rare) Alternative form of a's.

### Etymology 4

Shortening of as hell or as fuck or similar.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈæz/

#### Adverb

as
* (New Zealand, slang) Used to intensify an adjective; very much; extremely
    sweet as
** 2021 May 17, “Language Matters: Sweet as is Kiwi as”, in Stuff‎:It also appears in other positions in the sentence: his big as car could hardly fit. It's pretty scratched, and dented as.

### Etymology 5

as
* (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of associate and related forms of that word (associated, associating, association, etc.)

### References

* ↑ “as”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
* ↑ Wright, Joseph (1898–1905) The English Dialect Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press
* “as”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “as”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* S&A, S. A., S.A., SA, Sa, s.a.

## Achumawi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(ʔ)ʌs/

### Noun

as
* water

### References

* Bruce E. Nevin, Aspects of Pit River phonology (1998) (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Linguistics)

## Afrikaans
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /as/

### Etymology 1

From Dutch as, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.

#### Noun

as (plural asse, diminutive assie)
* ash
* ashes

### Etymology 2

From Dutch as, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

#### Noun

as (plural asse, diminutive assie)
* axle
* axis

### Etymology 3

From Dutch als.

#### Conjunction

as
* if
* when

#### Preposition

as
* like

## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(ne) h₂óyu kʷíd (“(not) ever, (not) on your life”). compare Ancient Greek οὐ (ou) and Armenian ոչ (očʻ) -ës

### Adverb

as
* not, neither, nor

#### Related terms

* nuk

### References

* ↑ Hyllested, A., & Joseph, B. (2022). Albanian. In T. Olander (Ed.), The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective (pp. 223-245). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108758666.013

## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin illās.

### Article

as pl
* the
    As mesachas de Zaragoza ― The girls from Saragossa

#### Usage notes

The form las, either pronounced as las or as ras, can be found after words ending with -a.

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈas]
* Rhymes: -as

### Etymology 1

From Latin as (“basic Roman unit of money”).

#### Noun

as m (plural asos)
* (games) an ace (the side of a die with a single pip)
* (card games) an ace (a card with a single pip, usually of highest rank in a suit)
* (figuratively, sports) an ace (an expert)
* (historical, metrology) an as or a libra (Roman unit of weight)
* (historical, numismatics) an as (Roman unit of money)

##### Derived terms

* as de guia (“bowline knot”)
* sempre un sis o un as (“a handicap or a problem”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse áss, singular of æsir (“the Norse gods”).

#### Noun

as m (plural asos)
* (mythology) One of the Æsir

### Etymology 3
#### Contraction

as
* (dialectal) Contraction of the preposition a with the salty article es

##### Synonyms

* al (“contraction of a and el”)

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

as
* plural of a

## Cimbrian
### Etymology

Compare German als, English as. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Conjunction

as
* (Sette Comuni) if
    As ze alle khödent azò misses zèinan baar.If everyone says it it must be true.

### References

* “as” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

## Danish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Icelandic ás.

### Noun

as c (singular definite asen, plural indefinite aser)
* one of the Æsir

#### Inflection
### Noun

as n (singular definite asset, plural indefinite asser)
* A-flat (A♭)

#### Inflection
### Verb

as
* imperative of ase

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: as
* Rhymes: -ɑs
* Homophone: Asch

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch asche, from Old Dutch *aska, from Proto-West Germanic *askā, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.
Cognate with Low German Asch, German Asche, English ash, West Frisian jiske, Danish aske, Swedish aska.

#### Noun

as f (plural assen, diminutive asje n)
* ash
* ashes

##### Alternative forms

* asch (obsolete)
* asse

##### Derived terms

* asbak
* asbeer
* asbezem
* asbrood
* asgrauw
* asla
* asvaalt
* asvarken
* Aswoensdag
* aswolk
* in zak en as zitten
* kalkas
* lijkas
* potas
* verassen

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: as
* Berbice Creole Dutch: asi
* Negerhollands: haschěsis, hassesje, assche, ašiši, hašiši, haši, babaši, aschies, assisje, az

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch asse, from Old Dutch *assa, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

#### Noun

as f (plural assen, diminutive asje n)
* axis
* axle

##### Derived terms

* cardanas
* draaias
* hoofdas
* krukas
* symmetrieas
* trapas
* windas
* x-as
* y-as
* z-as

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: as
* Negerhollands: az
* → Indonesian: as
* → Papiamentu: as (dated)

### Etymology 3
#### Conjunction

as
* (The Hague dialect) Alternative spelling of als

#### Preposition

as
* (The Hague dialect) Alternative spelling of als
* (The Hague dialect) eive ... as: as ... as

## Fala
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās.

### Article

as f pl (singular a, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os)
* Feminine plural definite article; the
** 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, our Fala is another treasure among them.

### Pronoun

as
* Third person plural feminine accusative pronoun; them

#### See also

Dialects:  $^L$ Lagarteiru   $^M$ Mañegu   $^V$ Valverdeñu

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## Finnish
### Etymology

From German As (German key notation).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑs/, [ˈɑ̝s̠]
* Rhymes: -ɑs
* Hyphenation: as

### Noun

as
* (music) A-flat

#### Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of as (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
asini
asini
accusative
nom.
asini
asini
gen.
asini
genitive
asini
asieni
partitive
asiani
asejani
inessive
asissani
aseissani
elative
asistani
aseistani
illative
asiini
aseihini
adessive
asillani
aseillani
ablative
asiltani
aseiltani
allative
asilleni
aseilleni
essive
asinani
aseinani
translative
asikseni
aseikseni
abessive
asittani
aseittani
instructive
comitative
—aseineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
asisi
asisi
accusative
nom.
asisi
asisi
gen.
asisi
genitive
asisi
asiesi
partitive
asiasi
asejasi
inessive
asissasi
aseissasi
elative
asistasi
aseistasi
illative
asiisi
aseihisi
adessive
asillasi
aseillasi
ablative
asiltasi
aseiltasi
allative
asillesi
aseillesi
essive
asinasi
aseinasi
translative
asiksesi
aseiksesi
abessive
asittasi
aseittasi
instructive
comitative
—aseinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
asimme
asimme
accusative
nom.
asimme
asimme
gen.
asimme
genitive
asimme
asiemme
partitive
asiamme
asejamme
inessive
asissamme
aseissamme
elative
asistamme
aseistamme
illative
asiimme
aseihimme
adessive
asillamme
aseillamme
ablative
asiltamme
aseiltamme
allative
asillemme
aseillemme
essive
asinamme
aseinamme
translative
asiksemme
aseiksemme
abessive
asittamme
aseittamme
instructive
comitative
—aseinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
asinne
asinne
accusative
nom.
asinne
asinne
gen.
asinne
genitive
asinne
asienne
partitive
asianne
asejanne
inessive
asissanne
aseissanne
elative
asistanne
aseistanne
illative
asiinne
aseihinne
adessive
asillanne
aseillanne
ablative
asiltanne
aseiltanne
allative
asillenne
aseillenne
essive
asinanne
aseinanne
translative
asiksenne
aseiksenne
abessive
asittanne
aseittanne
instructive
comitative
—aseinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
asinsa
asinsa
accusative
nom.
asinsa
asinsa
gen.
asinsa
genitive
asinsa
asiensa
partitive
asiaan asiansa
asejaan asejansa
inessive
asissaan asissansa
aseissaan aseissansa
elative
asistaan asistansa
aseistaan aseistansa
illative
asiinsa
aseihinsa
adessive
asillaan asillansa
aseillaan aseillansa
ablative
asiltaan asiltansa
aseiltaan aseiltansa
allative
asilleen asillensa
aseilleen aseillensa
essive
asinaan asinansa
aseinaan aseinansa
translative
asikseen asiksensa
aseikseen aseiksensa
abessive
asittaan asittansa
aseittaan aseittansa
instructive
comitative
—aseineen aseinensa :

#### Derived terms

* as-aiolinen
* as-doorinen
* As-duuri
* as-fryyginen
* As-jooninen
* as-lokrinen
* As-lyydinen
* As-miksolyydinen
* as-molli

### Anagrams

* sa

## French
### Etymology 1

From Latin as.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /as/ ~ /ɑs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -as

#### Noun

as m (plural as)
* ace (card of value 1)
* ace (expert or pilot)
* as (Roman coin)

##### Derived terms

* as des as
* plein aux as

##### Descendants

* → German: As, Ass
** → Hungarian: ász
* → Turkish: as
* → Vietnamese: át

#### See also

Playing cards in French · cartes à jouer (layout · text) :
| as | deux | trois | quatre | cinq | six | sept |
| huit | neuf | dix | valet | dame | roi | joker |

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old French as, from Vulgar Latin *as, from Latin habēs.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a/
* Homophones: à, a
* Rhymes: -a

#### Verb

as
* second-person singular present indicative of avoir
    Tu as un chien.You have a dog.

### Further reading

* “as”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* sa

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin axis.

### Noun

as m
* axis
* board

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille (“that”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐs/

#### Article

as f pl (feminine singular a, masculine singular o, masculine plural os)
* (definite) the

##### Usage notes

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con as ("with the") contracts to coas, and en as ("in the") contracts to nas.

##### Derived terms

* ás
* coas
* das
* nas

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

as
* accusative of elas

##### See also

| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| | Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Definite articles (the) | o | a | os | as |
| Indefinite articles (a, an, some) | un | unha | uns | unhas |

### Further reading

* “o”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “as”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “as”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Icelandic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːs/
* Rhymes: -aːs

#### Noun

as n (genitive singular as-s or ass, no plural)
* (music) A flat

##### Declension
#### References

* Mörður Árnason (2019) Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið

### Etymology 2

From asa (“to rush, hurry”). Doublet of asi.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːs/
* Rhymes: -aːs

#### Noun

as n (genitive singular ass, no plural)
* hurry, rush, haste
    Synonym: asi (m)

##### Declension
#### References

* Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
* Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2025), “as”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
* Mörður Árnason (2019) Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈas]
* Hyphenation: as
* Rhymes: -as

### Etymology 1

From Dutch as (“axis, axle”), from Middle Dutch asse, from Old Dutch *assa, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.
* The sense of propeller shaft is a semantic loan from Javanese [Term?].

#### Noun

as (plural as-as)
* axis
    Synonyms: aksis, poros, sumbu
* axle
** the pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel
    Synonyms: poros, sumbu
** axletree: a transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage.
    Synonyms: poros, sumbu
* (dialect) propeller shaft in fishing boat.

### Etymology 2

From Dutch aas (“ace”), earlier ase, from Middle Dutch aes, from Old French as, from Latin as.
* Semantic loan from English ace for meaning other than card with a single spot.

#### Noun

as (plural as-as)
* ace:
** card with a single spot.
** (tennis) point scored without the opponent hitting the ball.
** (golf) a hole in one.

### Further reading

* “as” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ingrian

Spatial inflection of as :
| →○ | illative | asse |
| ○ | inessive | as |
| ○→ | elative | ast |

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈɑsːɑ/, [ˈɑs̠ː]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈɑs/, [ˈɑʒ̥]
* (Hevaha) IPA: /ˈɑs/, [ˈɑʒ̥]
* Rhymes: -ɑsː, -ɑs
* Hyphenation: as

### Postposition

as (+ illative or allative)
* (of time) up to, until
* (of distance or motion) all the way to
as (+ elative or ablative)
* (of time) ever since
* (of distance or motion) all the way from

#### Synonyms

* saa, nasse, nas, nast, asse, ast

#### Derived terms

* nas

### References

* Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 22

## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Old Irish ass (“out of it”), the third-person singular inflected form of a (“out of”) (compare Scottish Gaelic à), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (compare Latin ex).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /asˠ/
* (Munster) IPA: /ɑsˠ/
* (Aran) IPA: /æsˠ/ (as if spelled eas)

#### Preposition

as (plus dative, triggers no mutation)
* out of
    Tóg leabhar aníos as an mála.Take a book out of the bag.
    Tá Cathal ag déanamh bríste as an éadach.Cathal is making trousers out of the cloth.
    Bíonn Máire á dhéanamh as fearg.Máire does it out of anger
* from (a place)
    Beidh Pádraig ag teacht as Meiriceá amárach.Pádraig will be coming from America tomorrow.
    Is as an nGearmáin í.She is from Germany.
    Bhí torann as an seomra leapa.There was a noise from the bedroom.
    Bhí cor as na toim.There was a movement from the bushes.
* off
    Tá boladh as an madra sin.That dog smells (lit. There is a smell off that dog).

##### Derived terms

* as a chéile
* as amharc
* as cuma
* as marc
See also Category:Irish phrasal verbs formed with "as"

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish ass.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /asˠ/
* (Munster) IPA: /ɑsˠ/
* (Aran) IPA: /æsˠ/ (as if spelled eas)

#### Pronoun

as (emphatic as-san)
* third-person masculine singular of as (from, off, out of)
    Ní fhuair tú freagra as.You didn’t get an answer from him.

##### Derived terms

* as féin (“alone”)

#### Adverb

as
* off (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a machine, light, etc.)
    Cas as an raidió.Turn off the radio.
    Chuir mé an solas as.I switched the light off.
* out (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a fire, etc.)
    Tá an tine as.The fire is out.

##### Derived terms

* cas as (“turn off”)
* cuir as (“switch off”)

### Etymology 3

From Old Irish as (“shoe, slipper”).

#### Noun

as m (genitive singular asa, nominative plural asa)
* (literary) shoe

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
as
asa
vocative
a as
a asa
genitive
asa
as
dative
as
asa
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an t-as
na hasa
genitive
an asa
na n-as
dative
leis an as don as
leis na hasa :

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

as m (genitive singular asa)
* (literary) milk

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
nominative
as
vocative
a as
genitive
asa
dative
as
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative
an t-as
genitive
an asa
dative
leis an as don as :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “7 a (‘out of’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 350, page 120
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938) Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, § 109, page 95
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume I, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 195
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “as (‘shoe’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “as”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “as (‘milk’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* “as”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Latgalian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈas]
* Hyphenation: as

### Pronoun

as
* Archaic form of es.

### References

* Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* assis
* 𐆚 (symbol)

### Etymology

Probably borrowed from Etruscan: compare lībra and nummus, also loanwords. Original meaning was 'a rectangular bronze plaque weighing a pound'.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈas/, [ˈäs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈas/, [ˈäs]
* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈas.s/, [ˈäs̠ː] (before a vowel)
* Note: the word is singularly and unreliably attested in poetry, but together with its derivatives usually measures long. It's more likely that it retained the geminate consonant before a vowel than that the vowel itself was lengthened. Most recent dictionaries give it as short, but EDL and certain other etymologists as long; compare far.

### Noun

as m (genitive assis); third declension
* as; a Roman coin originally made of bronze and weighing one pound, but later made of copper and reduced to two ounces, one ounce, and eventually half an ounce.
** a penny, a copper (any coin of similarly low value)
* pound as a unit of weight
* any undivided unit of measurement
** (with ex) a whole estate
* a circular flap or valve
* any circular object; a slice, disk (also of the moon)

#### Usage notes

It is especially significant as being the coin of least value in the Classical age; as such it was often used in poetry as representative of the idea of worthlessness—one example being in Vivamus atque amemus, where Catullus mentions "valuing opinions of old men at a single as". Two and a half asses equalled a single sesterce.

#### Declension

* The genitive plural is normally assium, but assum is found in Varro.
Third-declension noun (i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* sēmis
* bes, des
* tressis
* nōnussis
* decussis

#### Descendants

* Catalan: as
* Old French: as
** Middle French: as
*** French: as (see there for further descendants)
** → Middle Dutch: aes
*** Dutch: aas
**** Afrikaans: aas
** → Middle English: as
*** English: ace (see there for further descendants)
*** Scots: ace
* Italian: asso, asse
* Portuguese: ás, asse
* Sicilian: asu
* Spanish: as
* → English: as
* → Polish: as

### References

* “as” on page 196 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
* “as” in volume 2, column 744, in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ās”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
* ↑ Anthologia Latina 741, 1 (1066, 1)
* ↑ Brent Vine (2016) “"Latin bēs/bessis 'two thirds of an as'"”, in Tavet Tat Satyam: Studies in Honor of Jared S. Klein on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday‎, page 327

### Further reading

* as in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* as in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "as", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* as in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* as in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* as in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish ocus (“and", originally "proximity”), from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”).

### Conjunction

as
* and

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ocus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Reduction of alswo, alswa, also, from Old English eallswā. The reduced form is more common in this sense from c. 1200.

#### Alternative forms

* ase, os

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /as/

#### Conjunction

as
* as

##### Descendants

* English: as
* Scots: as
* Yola: az, as

##### References

* “as, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From Old French as (“ace”), from Latin as, assis (“as (Roman coin)”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːs/

#### Noun

as
* (dice games) ace (single spot on a die)
* (dice games) The lowest possible throw in dice.
* (figuratively, by extension) bad luck

##### Descendants

* English: ace (see there for further descendants)
* → Middle Welsh: as
** Welsh: as
* Scots: ace

##### References

* “ās, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Movima
### Verb

as
* to sit

#### Further reading

* http://webdoc.ubn.ru.nl/mono/h/haude_k/gramofmo.pdf
* https://web.archive.org/web/20170516185108/http://www.ioling.org/booklets/iol-2007-indiv-prob.en.pdf

## Navajo
### Alternative forms

* is

### Interjection

as
* oh: expressing surprise

## Norman
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

as m (plural as)
* (Jersey, card games) ace

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

as
* (Guernsey) second-person singular present indicative of aver

## North Frisian
### Verb

as
* third-person singular present of wees(e)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From asa (“to swell”) and asa (“to struggle”).

### Noun

as n (definite singular aset, indefinite plural as, definite plural asa)
* fermentation
* unrest, noice

### Verb

as
* imperative of asa

### References

* “as” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Occitan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /as/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

as
* second-person singular present indicative of aver

## Old French
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

as oblique singular, m (oblique plural as, nominative singular as, nominative plural as)
* a score of one on a die

##### Descendants

* Middle French: as
** French: as (see there for further descendants)
* → Middle Dutch: aes
** Dutch: aas
*** Afrikaans: aas
* → Middle English: as
** English: ace (see there for further descendants)
** Scots: ace

### Etymology 2
#### Contraction

as
* Alternative form of als ("to the")

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

as
* second-person singular present indicative of avoir

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* ass (Etymologies 2 and 3)
* es (Etymology 2)

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

as (triggers lenition in a direct relative clause and eclipsis in an indirect relative clause)
* third-person singular present indicative relative of is

##### Usage notes

Like modern Irish is, this form can be used with the comparative degree of an adjective to form a predicative construction where English would use an attributive construction:
* c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10$^c$21
    Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.It would be a fruit of labor for us in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.(literally, “…of a reward that is greater”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

as
* third-person singular masculine of a (“out of”)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

as n (genitive ais)
* milk
** c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 164:dí laulgaich deec ó mmeltar ól n-aiss ó cech áetwelve milk-cows, so that drinks of milk are milked from each of them

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 as”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Prussian
### Alternative forms

* es

### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-. Cognate with Lithuanian aš, Latvian es, Bulgarian аз (az).

### Pronoun

as
* I, the first-person singular pronoun

#### Inflection

Brackets contain all attested alternative spellings/forms of the words.
| | Sg. | Pl. |
| Nom. | as (es) | mes |
| Acc. | mien | mans |
| Dat. | mennei, maim (māim) | noūmans (nūmans, nūmas, naūmans, numons, noūmas) |
| Gen. | maisei | noūson (nusun, nuson, nusen, naussen, nōson, noūsan, noūsen, nouson) |

### References

* Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “as”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎ (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
* Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

### Further reading

* G. H. F. Nesselmann (1873) “as”, in Thesaurus linguae prussicae. Der preussische Vocabelvorrath [...] (in German), Berlin: Ferd. Dümmlers Verlagsbuchhandlung; Harrwitz & Gossmann, page 9
* W. R. Schmalstieg (1971) “New Look at the Old Prussian Pronoun”, in Baltistica VII(2), Vilnius: Vilniau Universitetas

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”).

### Noun

ās m (declension unknown)
* god
* the runic character ᚨ (/a/ or /aː/)

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

Compare German als, Dutch als, English as.

### Conjunction

as
* as
    As ich des Poscht schreib...
       As I write this post...
* than
* but

### Pronoun

as
* (relative) which
* (relative) who
    Leit as nix zu duh hen
       People who have nothing to do

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French as.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈas/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -as
* Syllabification: as
* Homophone: -as

### Noun

as m animal (diminutive asik)
* (card games) ace
    Synonym: (archaic) tuz
* (tennis) ace (a serve won without the opponent hitting the ball)

#### Declension
### Noun

as m pers
* ace (someone skilled in a certain field)

#### Derived terms

* asowy
* as atutowy
* as w rękawie
* wyciągać asa z rękawa
* wyciągnąć asa z rękawa

### See also

Playing cards in Polish · karty do gry (layout · text) :
| as | dwójka | trójka | czwórka | piątka | szóstka | siódemka |
| ósemka | dziewiątka | dziesiątka | walet | dama | król | dżoker |

### Further reading

* as in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* as in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish las).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /as/
* (Brazil) IPA: /as/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /aʃ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐʃ/
* Homophones: ás (Brazil), às (Brazil), hás (Brazil), az (Brazil)
* Hyphenation: as

### Article

as f pl
* feminine plural of o
** 2001, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo [Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire] (Harry Potter; 4), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 99:Todos olharam para trás ao alcançarem as árvores.Everyone looked behind when they reached the trees.
** 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 211:Mandaram lacrar todas as saídas e não deixar ninguém...They ordered me to seal all the exits and not to let anyone...

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

#### See also
### Pronoun

as f pl
* (third person personal) them (as a direct object; the corresponding indirect object is lhes; the form used after prepositions is elas)
    Synonyms: las, nas
    Encontrei-as na rua. ― I met them in the street.

#### Usage notes

* as becomes -las after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
    After ver: Posso vê-las? ― May I see them?
    After pôr: Quero pô-las ali. ― I want to put them there.
    After fiz: Fi-las ficar contente. ― I made them become happy.
    After nos: Deu-no-las relutantemente. ― He gave them to us reluctantly.
    After eis: Ei-las! ― Behold them!
* Becomes -nas after a nasal diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].
    Detêm-nas como prisioneiros. ― They detain them as prisoners.
* In Brazil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative form elas.
    Eu as vi. → Eu vi elas. = "I saw them.

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:as.

#### See also
### Noun

as m
* plural of a

## Romagnol
### Etymology

From Latin asse(m) (“a penny”), accusative of Latin as (“a penny”).

### Pronunciation

   * (Central Romagnol): IPA: [ˈaɐ̯s]
      * (Ville Unite):

### Noun

as m (plural ës)
* ace
* champion
    L’è un as!He's a champion!

### Noun

as m (plural ës)
* axis
    L’as dla tëra.The axis of the Earth.

### Pronoun

as
* same use as a+s, and it's the reflexive pronoun of 1st singular and plural persons and of 2nd person
    As fașén la ca.We build the house (to us).

### References

* Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 40

## Romanian
### Etymology

From French as or Italian asso.

### Noun

as m (plural ași)
* ace

#### Declension
## Saterland Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian as, ase, asa, als, alse, alsa, equivalent to al +‎ so. More at as.

### Adverb

as
* as

### Conjunction

as
* as

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology 1
#### Particle

as
* Creates the superlative when preceding the comparative form of an adjective or an adverb.
    glic (“wise”) → as glice (“wisest”)
    mòr (“big”) → as motha (“biggest”)

##### Usage notes

* Only used in the present and future tenses. In the past tense and the conditional mood, a bu and a b' are used.
* Lenites initial f if followed by a vowel:
    fuar → as fhuaire

##### Related terms

* nas

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

as
* Combination of the relative particle a with the copula is.
    dè as ciall dha? ― what does it mean?

##### Usage notes

* Typical of higher register language.

## Semai
### Etymology

From Proto-Semai *ʔɑs, from Proto-Aslian [Term?], from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔas ~ *ʔəs (“to swell”). Cognate with Koho as, Khasi at, Pacoh ayh, Riang ʔas¹.

### Adjective

as
* swollen

### References

* ↑ Basrim bin Ngah Aching (2008) Kamus Engròq Semay – Engròq Malaysia, Kamus Bahasa Semai – Bahasa Malaysia, Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German As, from Latin as (“as, copper coin”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /âs/

### Noun

ȁs m (Cyrillic spelling а̏с)
* (card games, sports) ace

#### See also

Playing cards in Serbo-Croatian · igraće karte (layout · text) :
| as, kec | dvojka, dvica | trojka, trica | četvorka, četvrtica | petica | šestica | sedmica |
| osmica | devetka, devetica | desetka, desetica | dečko, pub, žandar, fant | kraljica, dama | kralj | džoker |

## Slovak
### Adverb

as
* (poetic) approximately
    Synonym: asi

### Further reading

* “as”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /áːs/

### Noun

ȃs m anim
* (card games) An ace; in a game of cards.
* An ace; somebody very proficient at an activity.

#### See also

Playing cards in Slovene · igralne karte (layout · text) :
| as, enka | dvojka | trojka | štirka, štirica | petka, petica | šestka, šestica | sedemka, sedmica |
| osmica | devetka, devetica | desetka, desetica | fant | kraljica, dama | kralj | joker |

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ās.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈas/ [ˈas]
* Rhymes: -as
* Syllabification: as
* Homophones: has, (Latin America) haz

### Noun

as m (plural ases)
* (card games) an ace (in a game of cards)
* an ace, a hotshot (somebody very proficient at an activity)
* an as#Noun (a Roman coin)

#### Derived terms

* as bajo la manga
* as de guía

### Further reading

* “as”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sudovian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵ(h₂). Compare Lithuanian àš (archaic eš), Latvian es, Old Prussian as, es.

### Pronoun

aſ
* (first-person singular) I
** “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 1, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):ja — aſja — I
** “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 144, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):ja estem — aſ irmja estem — I am

### References

* ↑ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica, volume 21, number 1 (in Lithuanian), Vilnius: VU, →DOI, page 69: “aſ ‘aš, l. ja’ 1, 144.”
* ↑ “àš” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. aſ prn. ‘ich’”.

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑːs/
* Rhymes: -ɑːs

### Etymology 1

From Middle Low German âs. Cf. German Aas, Dutch aas.

#### Noun

as n
* Carrion, carcass (of an animal killed by a predator).
* (colloquial, derogatory) an asshole, ass (inconsiderate or otherwise contemptible person)
    Dra åt helvete ditt jävla as!Go to hell, you fucking asshole!

##### Derived terms

* asätare

##### See also

* kadaver
* lik

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Icelandic ás. If inherited from Old Norse, it would have the form ås.

#### Noun

as c
* one of the gods from Old Norse religion, in particular one of the Æsir
    Synonym: asagud

##### Declension
#### See also

* as-

### References

* as in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* as in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* as in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* sa

## Tarifit
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /as/
** (Ayt Ndhir) IPA: [æ̝s]

### Verb

as (Tifinagh spelling ⴰⵙ)
* (intransitive) to come
* (transitive) to receive, to be awarded
* (intransitive, construed with ak) to suit, to fit
    Fas wer d kiwem ttisFes doesn't suit you.

#### Usage notes

The verb as is always used with the proximity particle d.

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* Verbal noun: twasit (“coming, arrival”)
* yusin (“upcoming”)

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English arse.

### Noun

as
* buttocks, backside
* bottom, base
* reason, meaning, motivation
* beginning, source

#### Derived terms

* as bilong trabel
* as nating
* asbin
* asples
* astingting
* astok

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish آس (as), from Proto-Turkic *argun, *āŕ.

#### Noun

as (definite accusative ası, plural aslar)
* ermine
    Synonyms: kakım, ermin
* (dialectal) weasel

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French as. Note that in Ottoman Turkish until its end – though it be that playing cards had been introduced in Turkey by Europeans and French in particular – the card was called بك (bey). Apparently this usage switch is a function of the Law on the Abolishment of Nicknames and Titles from the 26th of November 1934 (Lâkap ve Unvanların Kaldırılması Hakkındaki Kanun).

#### Noun

as (definite accusative ası, plural aslar)
* (card games) ace

##### Coordinate terms

* Playing cards in Turkish · iskambil (layout · text) as, birli ikili üçlü dörtlü beşli altılı yedili sekizli dokuzlu onlu bacak, oğlan, vale, fanti, joker kız papaz joker

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

as
* second-person singular imperative of asmak

## Volapük
### Preposition

as (ays, äs)
* as

## Wagi
### Noun

as
* woman

### Further reading

* J. Spencer, S. van Cott, B. MacKenzie, G. Muñoz, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Wagi [fad] Language

## Welsh
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Welsh as, from Middle English as (“ace”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːs/

### Noun

as f (plural asau)
* (card games) ace

#### See also

Playing cards in Welsh · cardiau chwarae (layout · text) :
| as | dau | tri | pedwar | pump | chwech | saith |
| wyth | naw | deg | jac / milwr | brenhines | brenin | jocer |

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “as”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## West Frisian
### Etymology 1

From Old Frisian as, ase, asa, als, alse, alsa, equivalent to al +‎ so. More at as.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔs/, /as/

#### Conjunction

as
* if, provided that
* as, like (used to form an equating phrase)
    Grut as in hûs. ― Big as a house.
* than
    Grutter as in hûs. ― Bigger than a house.

##### Further reading

* “as (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

### Etymology 2

From Old Frisian *ax, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔs/

#### Noun

as c (plural assen, diminutive aske)
* axis
* axle (of a car)

##### Further reading

* “as (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

## Wolof
### Article

as
* a small (singular diminutive indefinite article)

#### Usage notes

Precedes the noun.

## Yola
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

as
* Alternative form of waas
** 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:Ich as greatly blin.I was greatly mistaken.

### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

as
* Alternative form of az
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:Shoo ya aam zim to doone, as w' be doone nowe;She gave them some to do, as we are doing now;
** 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:As ich waant draugh Bloomere's Knough,As I went through Bloomer's Knock,
** 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:Which maate mee hearth as coale as leed.Which made my heart as cold as lead.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26 & 90