# pana
## Anguthimri
### Noun

pana
* (Mpakwithi) friend

### References

* Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187

## Apalaí
### Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *pana; cognate to Ye'kwana jana (“ear”).

### Noun

pana
* ear

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from French panne.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈpa.nə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈpa.na]

### Noun

pana f (plural panes)
* corduroy
* (automotive) breakdown
    Synonym: avaria

### Further reading

* “pana” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Cebuano
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq.

#### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pa‧na

#### Noun

pana
* arrow

#### Verb

pana
* to shoot with a bow and arrow

### Etymology 2

Unknown

#### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pa‧na

#### Adjective

pana
* crazed

### Etymology 3

From dala.

#### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pa‧na

#### Verb

pana
* (eye-dialect) bring someone or something

## Chavacano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Cebuano pana (“arrow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpanaʔ/, [ˈpa.naʔ]
* Hyphenation: pa‧na

### Noun

panà
* arrow; dart

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpana]
* Rhymes: -ana
* Hyphenation: pa‧na
* Homophone: panna

### Noun

pana
* genitive/accusative singular of pan

## French
### Verb

pana
* third-person singular past historic of paner

## Galician
### Etymology

Ultimately from French panne (“plush velvet”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpanɐ]

### Noun

pana f (plural panas)
* velour, corduroy

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “pana”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “pana”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “pana”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Greenlandic
### Etymology

From Proto-Inuit *pana (“spear, lance, large knife”), from Proto-Eskimo *pana (“spear, lance, knife”).

### Pronunciation

* (Nuuk) IPA: /pana/, [pə.na]

### Noun

pana (plural panat)
* sword, snow knife (big rounded knife for cutting snow or ice e.g. when building an igloo)

#### Derived terms

* panaanneq
* panaasalik

## Hawaiian
### Etymology

From Proto-Marquesic *pana, from Proto-Polynesian *fana, from Proto-Central Pacific *vana, from Proto-Oceanic *panaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq (compare with Malay panah), from Proto-Austronesian *panaq.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.na/, [ˈpɐ.nə]

### Noun

pana
* bow
* weapon

#### Derived terms

* pua pana (“arrow”)

### Verb

pana
* to shoot
* to snap
* to flip

#### Derived terms

* hoʻopana

### References

* Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “pana”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press

## Italian
### Verb

pana
* inflection of panare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Karao
### Noun

pana
* homemade spear gun (for catching fish)

## Kari'na
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [paːna]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Cariban *pana; compare Apalaí pana, Trió pana, Wayana pana, Waiwai pana, Akawaio pana, Macushi pana, Pemon pana, Ye'kwana jana, Yao (South America) pannaëe.

#### Noun

pana (possessed panary)
* ear

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

pana (possessed panary)
* (Guyana, archaic) Alternative form of pawana (“friend”)

### References

* Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 335
* Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “pana”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 357; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎, Paris, 1956, page 349

## Krisa
### Noun

pana
* forehead

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish panna.

### Noun

panà f (plural pãnos) stress pattern 4
* unmarried woman, girl
* girlfriend

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “pana”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
* “pana”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2025

## Occitan
### Etymology

Borrowed from French panne.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pana f (plural panas)
* breakdown (state of no longer functioning)

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Adapted borrowing of Portuguese pano +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pa‧na

### Noun

pana (possessable) (Língua Geral Amazônica, Língua Geral Paulista)
* cloth, fabric, textile

#### Derived terms

* pana mba'e'usaba
* pana monhangaba
* pana monhangara
* pana moybykara
* pana petekara
* pana-aíba
* paneté
* taperu pana mbo'isara

#### Descendants

* Nheengatu: pana

### References

* Anton Meisterburg (a. 1756) “Tea”, in [Dicionário de Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), Baixo Xingu, Pará, page 39v, column 2, line 1; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica, Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, →DOI, page 249: “panna”
* anonymous author (c. 1757) “Panno”, in [Vocabulario Portuguez–Brasilico] (overall work in Portuguese); republished as Ernesto Ferreira França, compiler, Chrestomathia da lingua brazilica, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859, page 99: “pana”
* anonymous author (18th century) “Seda”, in Língua geral dos índios das Américas [General Language of the Indians of the Americas]‎ (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), page 6, line 365: “Panna”
* José Joaquim Machado de Oliveira (c. 1850) “corruptela de pano”, in Vocabulario elementar da Lingua Geral Brasilica (overall work in Portuguese); republished as José de Alcântara Machado, editor, Revista do Arquivo Municipal, volume 25, number 3, São Paulo, 1936 July, page 160: “PANA”

## Paiwan
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

pana
* river, stream

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀧𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* पन (Devanagari script)
* পন (Bengali script)
* පන (Sinhalese script)
* ပန or ပၼ (Burmese script)
* ปน or ปะนะ (Thai script)
* ᨷᨶ (Tai Tham script)
* ປນ or ປະນະ (Lao script)
* បន (Khmer script)
* 𑄛𑄚 (Chakma script)

### Particle

pana
* but, yet, on the other hand
* moreover

## Pangasinan
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: pa‧na
* IPA: /paˈna/, [paˈna]

### Noun

paná
* arrow

#### Derived terms

* mamana

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.na/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ana
* Syllabification: pa‧na

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Panne.

#### Noun

pana f
* (Poznań) flat tire

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

pana m pers
* genitive/accusative singular of pan

### Further reading

* pana in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Verb

pana
* inflection of panar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Quechua
### Alternative forms

* pani (Ayacucho)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.na/

### Noun

pana
* (Cuzco-Collao) sister of a man

#### Declension

ñuqap - first-person singular
ñuqap (my)
singular
plural
nominative
panay
panaykuna
accusative
panayta
panaykunata
dative
panayman
panaykunaman
genitive
panaypa
panaykunap
locative
panaypi
panaykunapi
terminative
panaykama
panaykunakama
ablative
panaymanta
panaykunamanta
instrumental
panaywan
panaykunawan
comitative
panaynintin
panaykunantin
abessive
panayninnaq
panaykunannaq
comparative
panayhina
panaykunahina
causative
panayrayku
panaykunarayku
benefactive
panaypaq
panaykunapaq
associative
panaypura
panaykunapura
distributive
panayninka
panaykunanka
exclusive
panaylla
panaykunalla
qampa - second-person singular
qampa (your)
singular
plural
nominative
panayki
panaykikuna
accusative
panaykita
panaykikunata
dative
panaykiman
panaykikunaman
genitive
panaykipa
panaykikunap
locative
panaykipi
panaykikunapi
terminative
panaykikama
panaykikunakama
ablative
panaykimanta
panaykikunamanta
instrumental
panaykiwan
panaykikunawan
comitative
panaykintin
panaykikunantin
abessive
panaykinnaq
panaykikunannaq
comparative
panaykihina
panaykikunahina
causative
panaykirayku
panaykikunarayku
benefactive
panaykipaq
panaykikunapaq
associative
panaykipura
panaykikunapura
distributive
panaykinka
panaykikunanka
exclusive
panaykilla
panaykikunalla
paypa - third-person singular
paypa (his/her/its)
singular
plural
nominative
panan
panankuna
accusative
pananta
panankunata
dative
pananman
panankunaman
genitive
pananpa
panankunap
locative
pananpi
panankunapi
terminative
panankama
panankunakama
ablative
pananmanta
panankunamanta
instrumental
pananwan
panankunawan
comitative
pananintin
panankunantin
abessive
pananninnaq
panankunannaq
comparative
pananhina
panankunahina
causative
pananrayku
panankunarayku
benefactive
pananpaq
panankunapaq
associative
pananpura
panankunapura
distributive
pananinka
panankunanka
exclusive
pananlla
panankunalla
ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural
ñuqanchikpa (our(incl))
singular
plural
nominative
pananchik
pananchikkuna
accusative
pananchikta
pananchikkunata
dative
pananchikman
pananchikkunaman
genitive
pananchikpa
pananchikkunap
locative
pananchikpi
pananchikkunapi
terminative
pananchikkama
pananchikkunakama
ablative
pananchikmanta
pananchikkunamanta
instrumental
pananchikwan
pananchikkunawan
comitative
pananchiknintin
pananchikkunantin
abessive
pananchikninnaq
pananchikkunannaq
comparative
pananchikhina
pananchikkunahina
causative
pananchikrayku
pananchikkunarayku
benefactive
pananchikpaq
pananchikkunapaq
associative
pananchikpura
pananchikkunapura
distributive
pananchikninka
pananchikkunanka
exclusive
pananchiklla
pananchikkunalla
ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural
ñuqaykup (our(excl))
singular
plural
nominative
panayku
panaykukuna
accusative
panaykuta
panaykukunata
dative
panaykuman
panaykukunaman
genitive
panaykupa
panaykukunap
locative
panaykupi
panaykukunapi
terminative
panaykukama
panaykukunakama
ablative
panaykumanta
panaykukunamanta
instrumental
panaykuwan
panaykukunawan
comitative
panaykuntin
panaykukunantin
abessive
panaykunnaq
panaykukunannaq
comparative
panaykuhina
panaykukunahina
causative
panaykurayku
panaykukunarayku
benefactive
panaykupaq
panaykukunapaq
associative
panaykupura
panaykukunapura
distributive
panaykunka
panaykukunanka
exclusive
panaykulla
panaykukunalla
qamkunap - second-person plural
qamkunap (your(pl))
singular
plural
nominative
panaykichik
panaykichikkuna
accusative
panaykichikta
panaykichikkunata
dative
panaykichikman
panaykichikkunaman
genitive
panaykichikpa
panaykichikkunap
locative
panaykichikpi
panaykichikkunapi
terminative
panaykichikkama
panaykichikkunakama
ablative
panaykichikmanta
panaykichikkunamanta
instrumental
panaykichikwan
panaykichikkunawan
comitative
panaykichiknintin
panaykichikkunantin
abessive
panaykichikninnaq
panaykichikkunannaq
comparative
panaykichikhina
panaykichikkunahina
causative
panaykichikrayku
panaykichikkunarayku
benefactive
panaykichikpaq
panaykichikkunapaq
associative
panaykichikpura
panaykichikkunapura
distributive
panaykichikninka
panaykichikkunanka
exclusive
panaykichiklla
panaykichikkunalla
paykunap - third-person plural
paykunap (their)
singular
plural
nominative
pananku
panankukuna
accusative
panankuta
panankukunata
dative
panankuman
panankukunaman
genitive
panankupa
panankukunap
locative
panankupi
panankukunapi
terminative
panankukama
panankukunakama
ablative
panankumanta
panankukunamanta
instrumental
panankuwan
panankukunawan
comitative
panankuntin
panankukunantin
abessive
panankunnaq
panankukunannaq
comparative
panankuhina
panankukunahina
causative
panankurayku
panankukunarayku
benefactive
panankupaq
panankukunapaq
associative
panankupura
panankukunapura
distributive
panankunka
panankukunanka
exclusive
panankulla
panankukunalla :

#### Coordinate terms

* turawawqiñaña

## Romanian
### Noun

pana
* definite nominative/accusative singular of pană

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

Borrowed from English pan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpʰanə/

### Noun

pana m (genitive singular pana, plural panaichean)
* pan

#### Synonyms

* aghann

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Silesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Panne.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.na/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ana
* Syllabification: pa‧na

### Noun

pana f
* flat tire

### Further reading

* pana in dykcjonorz.eu
* pana in silling.org

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpana/ [ˈpa.na]
* Rhymes: -ana
* Syllabification: pa‧na

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

pana f (plural panas)
* velour, corduroy
    Synonym: cotelé
* breakdown (of vehicle)

##### Derived terms

* partir la pana

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

pana f (plural panas)
* (Puerto Rico) breadfruit
    Synonym: fruto del árbol del pan

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

pana f (plural panas)
* (Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Ecuador, slang) dude, friend

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

pana f (plural panas)
* (Chile) liver (used as food)
    Synonym: hígado

### Further reading

* “pana”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

pana
* pa locative class subject inflected present affirmative of -wa na
** Locative (class 16) of kuwa na
** (in an exact location): there is/are

#### Related terms

* kuna
* mna

### Adjective

-pana (declinable)
* wide

#### Antonyms

* -embamba

## Swazi
### Verb

-pána
* to tie up a cow

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq. Compare Malay panah.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈpanaʔ/ [ˈpaː.n̪ɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -anaʔ
* Syllabification: pa‧na

### Noun

panà (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ)
* bow (weapon)
    Synonym: busog

#### Derived terms

* makapana
* mamamana
* pagpana
* panain
* pumana

### Anagrams

* pa- -an

## West Makian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.n̪a/

### Noun

pana
* a bow

### Verb

pana
* (transitive) to shoot with a bow
    tapana me ― I shot him (with a bow)

#### Conjugation
### References

* James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎, Pacific linguistics

## Yogad
### Noun

pana
* spear

## Yoruba
### Etymology

From pa (“to extinguish, turn off”) +‎ iná (“fire, light”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /k͡pā.nã́/

### Verb

paná
* to extinguish a fire
* to turn off the lights

#### Derived terms

* panápaná (“firefighter”)