# grim
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ɡɹɪm/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪm

### Etymology 1

From Middle English grim, from Old English grimm, from Proto-West Germanic *grimm, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”).

#### Adjective

grim (comparative grimmer, superlative grimmest)
* Dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding.
    Synonyms: bleak, harsh; see also Thesaurus:cheerless, Thesaurus:stern
    Life was grim in many northern industrial towns.
** 2019 August 30, Jonathan Watts, “Amazon fires show world heading for point of no return, says UN”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC:Cristiana Paşca Palmer, the executive secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, said the destruction of the world’s biggest rainforest was a grim reminder that a fresh approach needed to stabilise the climate and prevent ecosystems from declining to a point of no return, with dire consequences for humanity.(Can we archive this URL?)
** 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:It's been a grim start to the year.
* Rigid and unrelenting.
    Synonyms: overwhelming, unbending; see also Thesaurus:hard, Thesaurus:relentless
    His grim determination enabled him to win.
* Ghastly or sinister.
    Synonyms: forboding, malevolent; see also Thesaurus:evil, Thesaurus:eerie
    A grim castle overshadowed the village.
** 1933 August (date written), H[oward] P[hillips] Lovecraft, “The Thing on the Doorstep”, in Farnsworth Wright, editor, Weird Tales: A Magazine of the Bizarre and Unusual, volume 29, number 1, Indianapolis, Ind.: Popular Fiction Pub. Co., published January 1937, →OCLC, section 4, page 62:There was, I thought, a trace of very profound and very genuine irony in the timbre—not the flashy, meaninglessly jaunty pseudo-irony of the callow "sophisticate," which Derby had habitually affected, but something grim, basic, pervasive and potentially evil.
** 2012 March 22, Scott Tobias, “The Hunger Games”, in The A.V. Club‎:In movie terms, it suggests Paul Verhoeven in Robocop/Starship Troopers mode, an R-rated bloodbath where the grim spectacle of children murdering each other on television is bread-and-circuses for the age of reality TV, enforced by a totalitarian regime to keep the masses at bay.
* Disgusting; gross.
    Synonyms: foul, loathsome; see also Thesaurus:unpleasant
    – Wanna see the dead rat I found in my fridge? – Mate, that is grim!
** 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter I, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 1:Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet; […]
* (obsolete) Fierce, cruel, furious.
    Synonyms: ferocious, raging, savage, violent

##### Derived terms

* grimdark
* grim-gram
* grimlike
* grimly
* grimmish
* grimness
* Grim Reaper
* grimsome
* grim trigger
* it's grim up north
* like grim death

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

grim (third-person singular simple present grims, present participle grimming, simple past and past participle grimmed)
* (transitive, rare) To make grim; to give a stern or forbidding aspect to.

#### Noun

grim (plural grims)
* (MLE, slang, probably a fashionable word around 2006, now dated) A promiscuous woman.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:promiscuous woman
** 2006 July 1, “Grim” (track 8), in Wiley (lyrics), Eskiboy: Da 2nd Phaze‎:You got a new girl and she looks choong (Choong) But you didn't know your girl was a grim […] Your girl she's a grim, I wouldn't have no grim as my ting

### Etymology 2

From Middle English grim, grym, greme, from Old English *grimu, *grimmu, grima, from Proto-Germanic *grimmį̄ (“anger, wrath”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”). Cognate with Middle Dutch grimme, Middle High German grimme f (“anger”), modern German Grimm m.

#### Noun

grim (countable and uncountable, plural grims)
* (obsolete) Anger, wrath.
* (obsolete) A specter, ghost, haunting spirit.

##### Derived terms

* grimful
* grimless

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse grimmr, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡ̊ʁɛmˀ]

### Adjective

grim
* ugly, unsightly
* nasty

#### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

## Kalasha
### Verb

grim
* taking

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse grimmr, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrɪmː/

#### Adjective

grim (masculine and feminine grim, neuter grimt, definite singular and plural grimme, comparative grimmare, superlative grimmast, definite superlative grimmaste)
* grim, ugly, unsightly

##### Related terms

* gram

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse grímr.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡriːm/

#### Noun

grim m (definite singular grimen, indefinite plural grimar, definite plural grimane)
* (folklore) a kind of wight

##### Derived terms

* fossegrim

##### Related terms

* grime

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡriːm/

#### Verb

grim
* imperative of grime

### References

* “grim” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrim/

### Adjective

grim (superlative grimmest)
* Alternative form of grimm