# 幸福
## Chinese

* 幸福

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xìngfú
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hang$^6$ fuk$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hen-fuk
* Eastern Min (BUC): hâing-hók
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hēng-hok / hěng-hok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng$^6$ hog$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yin-foq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xìngfú
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìngfú
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^4$-fu$^2$
*** Yale: syìng-fú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinqfwu
*** Palladius: синфу (sinfu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hang$^6$ fuk$^1$
*** Yale: hahng fūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hang$^6$ fuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heng$^6$ fug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐŋ²² fʊk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hen-fuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: hen fug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hen$^4$ fug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /hen⁵⁵ fuk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hâing-hók
*** Sinological IPA : /hɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(h-)}$ŋouʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng-hok
*** Tâi-lô: hīng-hok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hexnghog
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hěng-hok
*** Tâi-lô: hǐng-hok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²² hɔk̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hêng$^6$ hog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hĕng hok
*** Sinological IPA : /heŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hok̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yin-foq
*** MiniDict: yin$^去$ foh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhin-foq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦin²² foʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: heangX pjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 幸 | 福 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 耕 (117) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 胡耿切 | 方六切 |
| Baxter | heangX | pjuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠɛŋ$^X$/ | /pɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚæŋ$^X$/ | /piuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɐŋ$^X$/ | /piuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəɨjŋ$^X$/ | /puwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɛŋ$^X$/ | /piuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣæŋ$^X$/ | /pĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣæŋ$^X$/ | /pi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hèng | fu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hang$^6$ | fuk$^1$ |

### Adjective

幸福
* (of one's life, circumstances, etc.) blessed and satisfactory; consummate; joyful; (of a person) living a blessed and contented life
    祝你幸福。 ― Zhù nǐ xìngfú. ― Wish you happiness.
    幸福的家庭 ― xìngfú de jiātíng ― happy family
    幸福的童年 ― xìngfú de tóngnián ― happy childhood
    幸福的婚姻 ― xìngfú de hūnyīn ― happy marriage
       cóngcǐ guòzhe xìngfú kuàilè de rìzi [Pinyin]
       to live happily ever after
       Dānshēn yě kěyǐ hěn xìngfú. [Pinyin]
       A single life can also be a happy one.
       Wǒmen dōu xiàngwǎng xìngfú de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]
       We all long for a happy life.

#### Usage notes

The meaning of this word is difficult to render accurately in English. It is typically glossed as “happy; happiness” in dictionaries, however, a sharp distinction between 幸福 and some of the other words for “happy” is made in Chinese.
Xingfu typically refers to a state of long-term happiness with one's life, and implies having a loving family, spouse, or a sense of general well-being. This is in contrast to words such as 開心／开心 (kāixīn) and 快樂／快乐 (kuàilè), which refer to a state of fleeting happiness, or a relatively short elevation in mood that comes with certain news, event, activity, etc.

#### Derived terms

* 小幸福
* 幸福度
* 幸福感 (xìngfúgǎn)
* 幸福論 / 幸福论
* 幸福院

### Noun

幸福
* sense of contentment stemming from having a blessed and fulfilled life; blissful life or living circumstances; happiness
    曬幸福／晒幸福 ― shài xìngfú ― to show off one's moments of happiness (on social media)
    婚姻幸福 ― hūnyīn xìngfú ― to have a happy marriage
    追求幸福 ― zhuīqiú xìngfú ― to pursue happiness
    創造幸福／创造幸福 ― chuàngzào xìngfú ― to create happiness in life
    一點一滴的幸福／一点一滴的幸福 ― yīdiǎnyīdī de xìngfú ― every little bits of happiness in life
       Méiyǒu chénggōng, nǎ lái de xìngfú? [Pinyin]
       How can one be happy without success?

#### Synonyms

* (literary, or in compounds) 福 (fú)

#### Derived terms

* 性福 (xìngfú)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 幸福(こうふく) (kōfuku)
* → Korean: 행복(幸福) (haengbok)
* → Vietnamese: hạnh phúc (幸福)
Others:
* → Bouyei: xinqfuf

### Proper noun

幸福
* (～里) An urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei, Taiwan

### See also

* 開心／开心 (kāixīn)
* 快樂／快乐 (kuàilè)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 幸 | 福 |
| こう Grade: 3 | ふく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 幸福 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーふく [kòófúkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

幸(こう)福(ふく) • (kōfuku) -na (adnominal 幸(こう)福(ふく)な (kōfuku na), adverbial 幸(こう)福(ふく)に (kōfuku ni))
* happy

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 幸福だろ | こうふくだろ | kōfuku daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 幸福で | こうふくで | kōfuku de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 幸福だ | こうふくだ | kōfuku da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 幸福な | こうふくな | kōfuku na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 幸福なら | こうふくなら | kōfuku nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 幸福であれ | こうふくであれ | kōfuku de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 幸福ではない 幸福じゃない | こうふくではない こうふくじゃない | kōfuku de wa nai kōfuku ja nai |
| Informal past | 幸福だった | こうふくだった | kōfuku datta |
| Informal negative past | 幸福ではなかった 幸福じゃなかった | こうふくではなかった こうふくじゃなかった | kōfuku de wa nakatta kōfuku ja nakatta |
| Formal | 幸福です | こうふくです | kōfuku desu |
| Formal negative | 幸福ではありません 幸福じゃありません | こうふくではありません こうふくじゃありません | kōfuku de wa arimasen kōfuku ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 幸福でした | こうふくでした | kōfuku deshita |
| Formal negative past | 幸福ではありませんでした 幸福じゃありませんでした | こうふくではありませんでした こうふくじゃありませんでした | kōfuku de wa arimasen deshita kōfuku ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 幸福で | こうふくで | kōfuku de |
| Conditional | 幸福なら（ば） | こうふくなら（ば） | kōfuku nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 幸福だったら | こうふくだったら | kōfuku dattara |
| Volitional | 幸福だろう | こうふくだろう | kōfuku darō |
| Adverbial | 幸福に | こうふくに | kōfuku ni |
| Degree | 幸福さ | こうふくさ | kōfukusa |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 幸福なら | かうふくなら | kaufukunara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 幸福に$^{[1]}$ 幸福なり$^{[2]}$ | かうふくに かうふくなり | kaufukuni kaufukunari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 幸福なり | かうふくなり | kaufukunari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 幸福なる | かうふくなる | kaufukunaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 幸福なれ | かうふくなれ | kaufukunare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 幸福なれ | かうふくなれ | kaufukunare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 幸福ならず | かうふくならず | kaufukunarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 幸福なれど | かうふくなれど | kaufukunaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 幸福なれば | かうふくなれば | kaufukunareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 幸福ならば | かうふくならば | kaufukunaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 幸福なりき | かうふくなりき | kaufukunariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 幸福なりけり | かうふくなりけり | kaufukunarikeri |
| Adverbial | 幸福に | かうふくに | kaufukuni |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

#### Synonyms

* 幸(しあわ)せ (shiawase)

### Noun

幸(こう)福(ふく) • (kōfuku)
* happiness

#### Synonyms

* 幸(しあわ)せ (shiawase)

#### Derived terms

* 幸福感(こうふくかん) (kōfukukan): feeling of happiness

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 幸 | 福 |

### Noun

幸福 • (haengbok) (hangeul 행복)
* hanja form of 행복 (“happiness”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 幸 | 福 |

### Noun

幸福
* chữ Hán form of hạnh phúc (“happiness”).

### Adjective

幸福
* chữ Hán form of hạnh phúc (“happy”).