# 桃

| 桃 | U+6843, &#26691; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6843 |
| ← 桂 [U+6842] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 桄 → [U+6844] |

## Translingual
### Han character

桃 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木中一人 (DLMO), four-corner 4291$_3$, composition ⿰木兆)

#### Derived characters

* 𥰜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 525, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14757
* Dae Jaweon: page 913, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1202, character 7
* Unihan data for U+6843

## Chinese

* 桃 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 桃 (Cantonese)
* 桃 (Classical)
* Tò̤ (Eastern Min)
* Thô (Southern Min)
* 桃 (Wu)
* Peach (English)
* 桃姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Thô (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 桃 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 挑 | *l̥ʰaːw, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːwʔ |
| 洮 | *l̥ʰaːw, *l'aːw, *lew |
| 桃 | *l'aːw |
| 逃 | *l'aːw |
| 咷 | *l'aːw, *l̥ʰeːws |
| 鼗 | *l'aːw |
| 鞉 | *l'aːw |
| 駣 | *l'aːw, *l'aːwʔ, *l'aːws, *l'ewʔ |
| 𣂁 | *sl̥ʰew |
| 脁 | *l̥ʰews |
| 晁 | *l'ew |
| 兆 | *l'ewʔ |
| 旐 | *l'ewʔ |
| 狣 | *l'ewʔ |
| 鮡 | *l'ewʔ, *l'eːw |
| 垗 | *l'ewʔ |
| 姚 | *lew |
| 珧 | *lew |
| 銚 | *lew, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːws |
| 恌 | *lew, *l̥ʰeːw |
| 烑 | *lew |
| 餆 | *lew |
| 筄 | *lews |
| 艞 | *lews |
| 佻 | *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːw |
| 祧 | *l̥ʰeːw |
| 朓 | *l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːwʔ |
| 庣 | *l̥ʰeːw |
| 趒 | *l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw |
| 聎 | *l̥ʰeːw |
| 眺 | *l̥ʰeːws |
| 覜 | *l̥ʰeːws |
| 頫 | *l̥ʰeːws, *poʔ |
| 絩 | *l̥ʰeːws |
| 跳 | *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw |
| 窕 | *l'eːwʔ |
| 誂 | *l'eːwʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'aːw): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ).

### Etymology

Possibly borrowed from the linguistic ancestor of Proto-Hmong-Mien *glaau³ᴬ (Bodman 1980, Schuessler, 2007). The oldest-known domesticated peach stones so far have been excavated in Zhejiang, east of the Central Plain cradle of Chinese civilization.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): táo (tao$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tao$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tou$^4$ / tou$^{4-2}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tau$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thò
    (Hailu, HRS): to
* Jin (Wiktionary): tau$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): tò̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tor$^2$ / to$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thô / thô͘ / tô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): to$^5$ / do$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$dau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: táo
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: táo
*** Wade–Giles: tʻao$^2$
*** Yale: táu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taur
*** Palladius: тао (tao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (桃兒 / 桃儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: táor
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: táor
*** Wade–Giles: tʻao$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: táur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taurl
*** Palladius: таор (taor)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tao$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tao
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰau²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^4$ / tou$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: tòuh / tóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^4$ / tou$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^4$ / tou$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯²¹/, /tʰou̯²¹⁻³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰau²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thò
*** Hakka Romanization System: to$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: to$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰo¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: to
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: tau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰau¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰo⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tor$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tó̤
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɒ¹³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: to$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: teó
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰo¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: to$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɵ¹³/
* tor2 - literary (as in 桃源, 桃色);
* to2 - vernacular (as in 桃花, 楊桃).
* Middle Chinese: daw
Rime :
| Character | 桃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒刀切 |
| Baxter | daw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daw/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | táo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lˤaw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 桃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | táo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ daw › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.lˁaw/ |
| English | peach |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 桃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16844 |
| Phonetic component | 兆 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陶 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːw/ |

### Definitions

桃
* peach tree (Prunus persica)
    桃花 ― táohuā ― peach flower
    桃樹／桃树 ― táo shù ― peach tree
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Táo zhī yāoyāo, zhuózhuó qí huá. Zhī zǐ yúguī, yí qí shìjiā. [Pinyin]
    Young and tender is the peach tree; bright and radiant shall its blossoms be. Going to her future home is this young lady; may her house and chamber well-ordered be!
* peach (fruit)
* peach-shaped object
* birthday
    壽桃包／寿桃包 ― shòutáobāo ― longevity peach bun
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) immature poultry or livestock
* walnut
* a surname, Tao

#### Synonyms

* (peach):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 桃子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 桃兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 桃子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 桃兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 桃兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 桃, 桃兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 桃子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 桃兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 桃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 桃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 桃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 桃兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 桃子, 桃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 桃兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 桃兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 桃子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 桃兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 桃子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 桃子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 桃子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 桃子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 桃子, 桃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 桃子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 桃子, 桃子果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 桃子, 桃子果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 桃子果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 桃子果 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 桃 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 桃子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 桃子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 桃子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 桃子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 桃仔, 桃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 桃仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 桃仔 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 桃仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 桃仔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 桃, 桃果 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 桃果 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 桃仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 桃子 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 桃子 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 桃子 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 桃子, 桃 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 桃子, 桃 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 桃子 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 桃子 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 桃 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 桃 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 桃子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 桃仔 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 桃子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 桃仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 桃哩 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 桃哩 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 桃仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 桃哩 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 桃仔 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 桃仔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 桃子 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 桃哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 桃哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 桃哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 桃哩 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 桃咧, 桃 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 桃哩 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 桃哎 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 桃哎 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 桃蒂 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 桃子 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 桃仔 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 桃 |
| Hakka | Changting | 桃哩 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 桃仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 桃子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 桃 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 桃子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 桃仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 桃仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 桃仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 桃仔, 桃 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 桃仔 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 桃 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 桃子 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 桃 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 桃子 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 桃 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 桃 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 桃 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 桃 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 桃 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 桃吶 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 桃仂 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 桃兒 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 桃兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 桃兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 桃 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 桃仔, 桃 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 桃 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 桃 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 桃仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 桃 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 桃 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 桃 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 桃仔, 桃 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 桃仔, 桃 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 桃仔, 桃 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 桃, 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 桃 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 桃 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 桃 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 桃 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 桃 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 桃 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 桃仔 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 桃 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 桃 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 桃子 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 桃子 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 桃 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 桃 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 桃囝 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 桃子, 桃 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 桃子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 桃子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 桃子 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 桃子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 桃子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 桃子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 桃子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 桃兒 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 桃兒, 桃 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 桃子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 桃子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 桃子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 桃 |
* (walnut):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 核桃, 胡桃, 桃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 核桃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 核桃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 核桃 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 核桃 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 核桃 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 核桃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 核桃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 核桃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 核桃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 核桃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 核桃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 核桃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 核桃 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 核桃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 核桃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 核桃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 核桃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 核桃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 核桃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 核桃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 核桃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 核桃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 核桃 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 胡桃, 核桃 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 核桃 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 核桃 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 核桃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 核桃 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 核桃 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 核桃 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 核桃, 合桃 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 核桃 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 核桃 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 核桃 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 核桃 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 核桃 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 核桃 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 核桃, 合桃 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 合桃 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 合桃 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 合桃 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 合桃 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 合桃 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 合桃 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 合桃 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 核桃 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 核桃 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 圪桃 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 核桃 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 核桃 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 核桃 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 核桃 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 合桃 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 合桃 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 合桃 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 核桃 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 核桃 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蒲桃, 胡桃 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蒲桃 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 胡桃 |
| Wu | Danyang | 胡桃 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 大核桃, 大胡桃 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 胡桃 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 核桃 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 胡桃 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 核桃 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 核桃 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 核桃 |

### Compounds

* 世外桃源 (shìwàitáoyuán)
* 人面桃花 (rénmiàntáohuā)
* 仙桃 (xiāntáo)
* 僵李代桃
* 公門桃李 / 公门桃李
* 凡桃俗李
* 分桃 (fēntáo)
* 命帶桃花 / 命带桃花
* 園有桃 / 园有桃
* 土偶桃梗
* 壽桃 / 寿桃 (shòutáo)
* 夭桃穠李 / 夭桃秾李
* 夭桃襛李 / 夭桃𰳺李
* 夾竹桃 / 夹竹桃
* 妖桃
* 小胡桃 (xiǎohútáo)
* 山核桃
* 山櫻桃 / 山樱桃
* 扁桃 (biǎntáo)
* 扁桃腺 (biǎntáoxiàn)
* 扁桃腺炎 (biǎntáoxiàn yán)
* 打桃
* 打櫻桃 / 打樱桃
* 投桃報李 / 投桃报李 (tóutáobàolǐ)
* 斷袖分桃 / 断袖分桃 (duànxiù fēntáo)
* 方桃譬李
* 月桃 (yuètáo)
* 木桃 (mùtáo)
* 李代桃僵 (lǐdàitáojiāng)
* 杏臉桃腮 / 杏脸桃腮
* 柳綠桃紅 / 柳绿桃红
* 桃之夭夭
* 桃人
* 桃仁 (táorén)
* 桃來李答 / 桃来李答
* 桃園盟 / 桃园盟
* 桃園結義 / 桃园结义 (táoyuán-jiéyì)
* 桃坪 (Táopíng)
* 桃夭 (táoyāo)
* 桃太郎 (Táotàiláng)
* 桃子 (táozi)
* 桃弧棘矢
* 桃月 (Táoyuè)
* 桃李 (táolǐ)
* 桃杌 (táowù)
* 桃李之教
* 桃李滿門 / 桃李满门 (táolǐmǎnmén)
* 桃李爭妍 / 桃李争妍
* 桃李爭輝 / 桃李争辉
* 桃李門牆 / 桃李门墙
* 桃柳爭妍 / 桃柳争妍
* 核桃
* 桃核雕
* 桃汛
* 桃源 (táoyuán)
* 桃源圖 / 桃源图
* 桃源行
* 桃灼呈祥 (táozhuóchéngxiáng)
* 桃竹
* 桃符
* 桃紅 / 桃红 (táohóng)
* 桃紅柳綠 / 桃红柳绿
* 桃羞杏讓 / 桃羞杏让
* 桃腮杏臉 / 桃腮杏脸
* 桃膠 / 桃胶 (táojiāo)
* 桃色 (táosè)
* 桃色新聞 / 桃色新闻
* 桃色案件
* 桃色糾紛 / 桃色纠纷
* 桃花 (táohuā)
* 桃花人面
* 桃花劫 (táohuājié)
* 桃花妝 / 桃花妆
* 桃花山 (Táohuāshān)
* 桃花心木 (táohuāxīnmù)
* 桃花扇
* 桃花星
* 桃花水
* 桃花汛 (táohuāxùn)
* 桃花源 (táohuāyuán)
* 桃花源記 / 桃花源记
* 桃花源詩 / 桃花源诗
* 桃花眼
* 桃花紙 / 桃花纸
* 桃花薄命
* 桃花運 / 桃花运 (táohuāyùn)
* 桃花過渡 / 桃花过渡
* 桃花面
* 桃葉歌 / 桃叶歌
* 桃葉渡 / 桃叶渡
* 桃葉珊瑚 / 桃叶珊瑚
* 桃蚜
* 桃酥 (táosū)
* 棉桃 (miántáo)
* 楊桃 / 杨桃 (yángtáo)
* 櫻桃 / 樱桃 (yīngtáo)
* 櫻桃宴 / 樱桃宴
* 櫻桃小口 / 樱桃小口
* 毛桃
* 水蜜桃 (shuǐmìtáo)
* 油桃 (yóutáo)
* 濃桃豔李 / 浓桃艳李
* 獼猴桃 / 猕猴桃 (míhóutáo)
* 王母蟠桃
* 碧桃花下
* 紅桃 / 红桃 (hóngtáo)
* 羊桃 (yángtáo)
* 胡桃 (hútáo)
* 胡桃夾子 / 胡桃夹子 (hútáojiāzi)
* 胡桃木
* 胡桃科
* 胡桃鉗 / 胡桃钳
* 色豔桃李 / 色艳桃李
* 葦戟桃杖 / 苇戟桃杖
* 葡桃 (pútáo)
* 蒲桃 (pútáo)
* 蟠桃 (pántáo)
* 蟠桃會 / 蟠桃会
* 豔如桃李 / 艳如桃李
* 金絲桃 / 金丝桃
* 門牆桃李 / 门墙桃李
* 面如桃花
* 餘桃啗君 / 余桃啗君
* 鬼畫桃符 / 鬼画桃符
* 麻核桃

### Descendants

* → Thai: ท้อ (tɔ́ɔ)

### References

* “桃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “桃”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 173.
* ↑ Zheng, Yunfei, Crawford, Gary W., Chen, Xugao (2014 September 5) “Archaeological evidence for peach (Prunus persica) cultivation and domestication in China”, in PLoS One

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* peach

#### Readings

* Go-on: どう (dō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
* Kun: もも (momo, 桃, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 月桃(げっとう) (gettō): shell ginger
* 桃花(とうか) (tōka): peach blossom flower
* 桃果(とうか) (tōka): peach (fruit)
* 桃仁(とうにん) (tōnin)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 桃
* もも Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *momo. Mentioned in the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Brought to Japan in antiquity, with pits found in prehistoric sites from the Yayoi period, 300 BCE - 300 CE. Mentioned as a food in documents from the Nara and Heian periods.
Ultimate derivation unknown. Theories include the following.
* Possibly derived originally from a reduplication of 実 (Old Japanese mu, modern Japanese mi, “fruit”), from the way that peaches often grow in clusters. However, the vowel shift seems unlikely given regular Japanese phonetic shifts. In addition, most reduplicated terms in Japanese have the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern, starting high and falling, which differs from the 平板型 (heiban-gata) pitch accent pattern of this term.
* Possibly cognate with Old Japanese 百 (momo, “hundred; lots”). However, this also has the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern.
* Possibly a reduplication of 毛 (mo, “hair”), from the way that peaches are hairy. The term is spelled as 毛毛 in some ancient documents. However, 毛 was commonly used as man'yōgana for its phonetic value, in which cases its original Chinese meaning of hair is usually ignored.
None of the above possibilities seems very compelling. Given the archaeological evidence, this term probably originated before the Japanese ancestor population migrated to the Japanese archipelago.
Possibly related to 梅 (ancient mume, modern ume, “Japanese apricot, Japanese plum”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もも [mòmó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mo̞mo̞]
* (Kyoto) もも [mómó] (Kōki – [0])

### Noun

桃(もも) or 桃(モモ) • (momo)
* [from 720] peach
* [from 720] peach tree

#### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as モモ.

#### Derived terms

* 桃色(ももいろ) (momoiro): pink
* 桃色(ももいろ)鸚哥(いんこ) (momoiro inko): “pink parakeet” → Eolophus roseicapillus: galah, rose-breasted cockatoo
* 桃色(ももいろ)遊戯(ゆうぎ) (momoiro yūgi): “pink playing” → sex play
* 桃(もも)尻(じり) (momojiri): “peach butt” → from the way that the end of a peach is often pointy, and thus difficult to place stably: somebody who is bad at horse-riding; a fidgety, restless person
* 桃(もも)園(ぞの) (momozono): a peach orchard
* 桃(もも)割(わ)れ (momo ware): “split peach” → a hairstyle of Meiji and Taisho era, featuring a bun resembling a halved peach
* 桃(もも)の花(はな)の香(かお)り (momo no hana no kaori): the fragrance of peach blossoms

#### Idioms

* 桃(もも)栗(くり)三(さん)年(ねん)柿(かき)八(はち)年(ねん) (momo kuri san nen kaki hachi nen): “peach and chestnut take three years [to bear fruit], persimmons take eight” → it often takes time to bear the fruit of one's actions

#### Descendants

* >? Ainu: モマ (moma, “Japanese peach, Japanese apricot”)

### Proper noun

桃(もも) • (Momo)
* a female given name

### References

* 1 2 “桃”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 “もも 【桃】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean
### Hanja

桃 (eumhun 복숭아 나무 도 (boksung'a namu do))
* hanja form of 도 (“peach”)
* hanja form of 도 (“marriage”)

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: むむ (mumu, 桃)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 桃
* むむ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Proto-Ryukyuan *momo, from Proto-Japonic *momo. Cognate with Japanese 桃 (momo).

### Noun

桃(むむ) (mumu)
* peach

## Vietnamese
### Han character

桃: Hán Nôm readings: đào
* peach