# karsta
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑrstɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝rs̠tɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑrstɑ
* Hyphenation: kars‧ta

### Etymology 1

Possibly borrowed from Russian коро́ста (korósta). But also compare karsi and karttua; for the -st- ~ -tt- variation, compare varsta.

#### Noun

karsta
* crust (dry, hard dirt, especially as developed due to burning)
    Avotulella paistinpannun ulkopuolelle kertyy karstaa.When a frying pan is used over open fire a crust of soot develops on its outside.
* grime (hardened dirt, grease, soot, etc. that is difficult to remove)
* (archaeology) The dried and hardened remains of anything on the surface of a vessel or similar.

##### Declension

Possessive forms of karsta (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
karstani
karstani
accusative
nom.
karstani
karstani
gen.
karstani
genitive
karstani
karstojeni karstaini $^{rare}$
partitive
karstaani
karstojani
inessive
karstassani
karstoissani
elative
karstastani
karstoistani
illative
karstaani
karstoihini
adessive
karstallani
karstoillani
ablative
karstaltani
karstoiltani
allative
karstalleni
karstoilleni
essive
karstanani
karstoinani
translative
karstakseni
karstoikseni
abessive
karstattani
karstoittani
instructive
comitative
—karstoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
karstasi
karstasi
accusative
nom.
karstasi
karstasi
gen.
karstasi
genitive
karstasi
karstojesi karstaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
karstaasi
karstojasi
inessive
karstassasi
karstoissasi
elative
karstastasi
karstoistasi
illative
karstaasi
karstoihisi
adessive
karstallasi
karstoillasi
ablative
karstaltasi
karstoiltasi
allative
karstallesi
karstoillesi
essive
karstanasi
karstoinasi
translative
karstaksesi
karstoiksesi
abessive
karstattasi
karstoittasi
instructive
comitative
—karstoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
karstamme
karstamme
accusative
nom.
karstamme
karstamme
gen.
karstamme
genitive
karstamme
karstojemme karstaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
karstaamme
karstojamme
inessive
karstassamme
karstoissamme
elative
karstastamme
karstoistamme
illative
karstaamme
karstoihimme
adessive
karstallamme
karstoillamme
ablative
karstaltamme
karstoiltamme
allative
karstallemme
karstoillemme
essive
karstanamme
karstoinamme
translative
karstaksemme
karstoiksemme
abessive
karstattamme
karstoittamme
instructive
comitative
—karstoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
karstanne
karstanne
accusative
nom.
karstanne
karstanne
gen.
karstanne
genitive
karstanne
karstojenne karstainne $^{rare}$
partitive
karstaanne
karstojanne
inessive
karstassanne
karstoissanne
elative
karstastanne
karstoistanne
illative
karstaanne
karstoihinne
adessive
karstallanne
karstoillanne
ablative
karstaltanne
karstoiltanne
allative
karstallenne
karstoillenne
essive
karstananne
karstoinanne
translative
karstaksenne
karstoiksenne
abessive
karstattanne
karstoittanne
instructive
comitative
—karstoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
karstansa
karstansa
accusative
nom.
karstansa
karstansa
gen.
karstansa
genitive
karstansa
karstojensa karstainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
karstaansa
karstojaan karstojansa
inessive
karstassaan karstassansa
karstoissaan karstoissansa
elative
karstastaan karstastansa
karstoistaan karstoistansa
illative
karstaansa
karstoihinsa
adessive
karstallaan karstallansa
karstoillaan karstoillansa
ablative
karstaltaan karstaltansa
karstoiltaan karstoiltansa
allative
karstalleen karstallensa
karstoilleen karstoillensa
essive
karstanaan karstanansa
karstoinaan karstoinansa
translative
karstakseen karstaksensa
karstoikseen karstoiksensa
abessive
karstattaan karstattansa
karstoittaan karstoittansa
instructive
comitative
—karstoineen karstoinensa :

##### Derived terms

* karstaantua
* karstainen
* karstoittua

#### Further reading

* “1. karsta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *karsta, probably borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Lithuanian karsti).

#### Noun

karsta
* card (comb- or brush-like device or tool to raise the nap on a fabric)
* card (hand-held tool for preparing materials for spinning)

##### Declension

Possessive forms of karsta (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
karstani
karstani
accusative
nom.
karstani
karstani
gen.
karstani
genitive
karstani
karstojeni karstaini $^{rare}$
partitive
karstaani
karstojani
inessive
karstassani
karstoissani
elative
karstastani
karstoistani
illative
karstaani
karstoihini
adessive
karstallani
karstoillani
ablative
karstaltani
karstoiltani
allative
karstalleni
karstoilleni
essive
karstanani
karstoinani
translative
karstakseni
karstoikseni
abessive
karstattani
karstoittani
instructive
comitative
—karstoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
karstasi
karstasi
accusative
nom.
karstasi
karstasi
gen.
karstasi
genitive
karstasi
karstojesi karstaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
karstaasi
karstojasi
inessive
karstassasi
karstoissasi
elative
karstastasi
karstoistasi
illative
karstaasi
karstoihisi
adessive
karstallasi
karstoillasi
ablative
karstaltasi
karstoiltasi
allative
karstallesi
karstoillesi
essive
karstanasi
karstoinasi
translative
karstaksesi
karstoiksesi
abessive
karstattasi
karstoittasi
instructive
comitative
—karstoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
karstamme
karstamme
accusative
nom.
karstamme
karstamme
gen.
karstamme
genitive
karstamme
karstojemme karstaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
karstaamme
karstojamme
inessive
karstassamme
karstoissamme
elative
karstastamme
karstoistamme
illative
karstaamme
karstoihimme
adessive
karstallamme
karstoillamme
ablative
karstaltamme
karstoiltamme
allative
karstallemme
karstoillemme
essive
karstanamme
karstoinamme
translative
karstaksemme
karstoiksemme
abessive
karstattamme
karstoittamme
instructive
comitative
—karstoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
karstanne
karstanne
accusative
nom.
karstanne
karstanne
gen.
karstanne
genitive
karstanne
karstojenne karstainne $^{rare}$
partitive
karstaanne
karstojanne
inessive
karstassanne
karstoissanne
elative
karstastanne
karstoistanne
illative
karstaanne
karstoihinne
adessive
karstallanne
karstoillanne
ablative
karstaltanne
karstoiltanne
allative
karstallenne
karstoillenne
essive
karstananne
karstoinanne
translative
karstaksenne
karstoiksenne
abessive
karstattanne
karstoittanne
instructive
comitative
—karstoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
karstansa
karstansa
accusative
nom.
karstansa
karstansa
gen.
karstansa
genitive
karstansa
karstojensa karstainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
karstaansa
karstojaan karstojansa
inessive
karstassaan karstassansa
karstoissaan karstoissansa
elative
karstastaan karstastansa
karstoistaan karstoistansa
illative
karstaansa
karstoihinsa
adessive
karstallaan karstallansa
karstoillaan karstoillansa
ablative
karstaltaan karstaltansa
karstoiltaan karstoiltansa
allative
karstalleen karstallensa
karstoilleen karstoillensa
essive
karstanaan karstanansa
karstoinaan karstoinansa
translative
karstakseen karstaksensa
karstoikseen karstoiksensa
abessive
karstattaan karstattansa
karstoittaan karstoittansa
instructive
comitative
—karstoineen karstoinensa :

##### Derived terms

* karstainen
* karstata
* karstakone
* karstalanka
* karstapuuvilla
* karstasammal
* karstavilla

#### Further reading

* “2. karsta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### References

* ↑ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

### Anagrams

* kartsa, katras, tsakra

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Cognates include Finnish karsta (“scabies”).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈkɑrstɑ/, [ˈkɑrs̠t]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈkɑrstɑ/, [ˈkɑrʃtɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑrst, -ɑrstɑ
* Hyphenation: kars‧ta

### Noun

karsta
* scabies
    olla karssaas ― to have scabies (literally, “to be in the scabies”)

#### Derived terms

* karstavoije

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 138

## Latvian
### Adjective

karsta
* inflection of karsts:
** genitive masculine singular
** nominative feminine singular

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *karcidak.

### Verb

karsta
* to chop off

#### Inflection
### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “обрубать”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika