# ajar
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /əˈd͡ʒɑː/
* (US) IPA: /əˈd͡ʒɑɹ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English ajar, on char (“on [the] turn”), from on (“on”) + char (“turn, occasion”), from Old English ċierr, cyrr (“turn”), from ċierran (“to turn, convert”), equivalent to a- +‎ char. Akin to Scots char, chare (“to turn, cause to turn”), Dutch akerre, kier (“ajar”), German kehren (“to turn”). See char.

#### Alternative forms

* achar (Scotland)

#### Adverb

ajar (not comparable)
* Slightly turned or opened.
    The door was standing ajar.

##### Translations
#### Adjective

ajar (comparative more ajar, superlative most ajar)
* Slightly turned or opened.
    The door is ajar.
** 1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:I know—for Death, who comes for me From regions of the blest afar, Where there is nothing to deceive, Hath left his iron gate ajar, […]

##### Translations
#### Verb

ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)
* (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To turn or open slightly; to become ajar or to cause to become ajar; to be or to hang ajar.
** 1970, John H. Evans, Mercer County law journal, volume 10:A plainclothes detective knocked on a slightly ajarred door.
** 1977, Bill Reed, Dogod:Yes, and the door also lops off stairs leading to a landing on whose landing is another door on whose hinges much of this story ajars, if it hasn't jarred too much already.
** 2007, Loki, Shard of the Ancient:Just as the gates fully ajarred themselves, the Lamborghini soared through them, and out into the freedom of the poorly defined road.

### Etymology 2

From a- (“in, at”) +‎ jar (“discord, disagreement”).

#### Adverb

ajar (not comparable)
* (archaic) Out of harmony.
* Being at variance or in contradiction to something.
** 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, II.14:There is a sort of unexpressed concern, / A kind of shock that sets one's heart ajar […] .

##### Translations
#### Verb

ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)
* (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To show variance or contradiction with something; to be or cause to be askew.
** 1907, The English Illustrated Magazine, volume 36:It clean deafened the two of us, and set all the crockery ware ajarring ; and when the neighbours heard it they came running into the street to see who was getting hurt.

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* raja

## Albanian
### Noun

ajar m
* (old) large basket for holding or measuring grain

### Further reading

* Newmark, L. (1999) “ajar”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎

## Ambonese Malay
### Etymology

From Malay ajar

### Verb

ajar
* to learn

## Iban
### Etymology

From Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.d͡ʒar/
* Rhymes: -jar
* Hyphenation: a‧jar

### Noun

ajar
* lesson
* advice

### Verb

ajar
* to teach

#### Derived terms

* diajar
* dipelajarka
* ngajar
* pemelajar
* pengajar

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* adjar (1901–1947, 1947–1972)

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈad͡ʒar/ [ˈa.d͡ʒar]
* Rhymes: -ad͡ʒar
* Syllabification: a‧jar

### Etymology 1

From Malay ajar, from Classical Malay اجر (ajar), from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”), likely derived from आचार (ācāra, “conduct, behavior”). Doublet of acar, acara, acarya, and hajar.

#### Verb

ajar (base-imperative ajar, active mengajar, passive diajar)
* to teach

##### Conjugation

$^1$ The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

##### Derived terms

* ajar (“to teach (imperative)”)
* ajari (“to teach (imperative)”)
* ajarkan (“to teach (imperative)”)
* belajar (“to learn, to study”)
* belajari
* belajarkan
* diajar
* diajari
* diajarkan
* diperajar
* diperajari
* diperajarkan
* kepengajaran
* membelajarkan
* mengajar (“to teach”)
* mengajari (“to teach (someone)”)
* mengajarkan (“to teach (someone something)”)
* pelajar (“student, pupil”)
* pelajaran (“lesson”)
* pelajari
* pelajarkan
* pembelajar
* pembelajaran (“a learning process”)
* pemelajar
* pengajar (“teacher”)
* pengajaran (“the act of teaching”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Malay [Term?] (Medan/Deli dialect).

#### Noun

ajar (plural ajar-ajar)
* (dialect) first fruit

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦗꦂ (ajar, “section of fruit”).

#### Classifier

ajar
* (dialect) classifier for durian compartment

##### Related terms

* larikan buah
* pongge

### Further reading

* “ajar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

ajar
* Romanization of ꦲꦗꦂ

## Malay
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “dubious loaning, postulate with Tamil intermediate, maybe a native word checks if there any related Polynesian word”
From Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”). Doublet of acar, acara, and hajar.

### Verb

ajar (Jawi spelling اجر)
* to teach

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pengajar (“teacher”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* pengajaran (“lesson, moral of story”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* ajaran (“teachings”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
* ajar-ajar (“ascetics”) [reduplication] (redup)
* pelajar (“student”) [causative passive] (peR-)
* pelajaran (“subject, education”) [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
* ajarkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
* ajari [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
* mengajar (“to teach”) [agent focus] (meN-)
* diajar (“being taught (intr.)”) [patient focus] (di-)
* diajarkan (“being taught (tr.)”) [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
* terajar (“taught (accidentally)”) [agentless action] (teR-)
* belajar (“to learn”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)

#### Descendants

* > Ambonese Malay: ajar (inherited)
* > Indonesian: ajar (inherited)
* → Iban: ajar

### Further reading

* “ajar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Unknown, probably from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”) (hence, doublet of ācārya), likely derived from आचार (ācāra, “conduct, behavior”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ad͡ʒar/
* Rhymes: -d͡ʒar
* Hyphenation: a‧jar

### Noun

ajar
* communication, information, announcement
* teaching, training
* hermit

#### Derived terms

* ajar-ajar
* ajar-ajaran
* ajaran
* amājar
* amājarakĕn
* apaṅajaran
* aṅajar
* aṅajar-ajar
* aṅajarakĕn
* inajar
* inajarakĕn
* kājar
* kājaran
* mapājar
* mapājaran
* mājar
* mājar-ajar
* paṅajaran
* pinājar
* pinājarakĕn
* pājar
* pājar-ajar
* pājar-ajaran
* pājaran
* umajar
* umajarakĕn
* umājar
* ājar
* ājar-ajar

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦲꦗꦂ (ajar) (inherited)
** → Indonesian: hajar
* >? Classical Malay: اجر (ajar)
** > Malay: ajar (inherited)
*** > Ambonese Malay: ajar (inherited)
*** > Indonesian: ajar (inherited)
*** → Iban: ajar

### Further reading

* "ajar" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈxaɾ/ [aˈxaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: a‧jar

### Etymology 1

From older ahajar, from Old Spanish haja, probably from Vulgar Latin *fallia (“defect”), from Latin fallĕre.

#### Alternative forms

* ahajar (obsolete)

#### Verb

ajar (first-person singular present ajo, first-person singular preterite ajé, past participle ajado)
* (transitive or reflexive) to fade, wither
    Synonym: marchitar
    El sol ajó las flores.The sun withered the flowers.
    Se te olvidó regar esta planta, así que se ajó.You forgot to water this plant, so it withered.
* (transitive or reflexive) to wear out
    Synonyms: desgastar, deteriorar
    El sol y la humedad suelen ajar las alfombras.The sun and humidity generally wear rugs out.
* (transitive or reflexive) to wrinkle
    Synonym: arrugar
    No es bueno guardar los pantalones así, o los vas a ajar.It's not good to put away your pants this way, or you're going to wrinkle them.
    Ve a planchar esta camisa, que se te ajó después de que la guardaste doblada.Go iron this shirt, as it got wrinkled after you put it away folded.
* (transitive) to humiliate someone
    Synonym: humillar

##### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Etymology 2

From ajo +‎ -ar.

#### Noun

ajar m (plural ajares)
* garlic field, garlic patch

### Further reading

* “ajar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10