# mesti
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay mesti, from Javanese ꦩꦼꦱ꧀ꦛꦶ (mesthi), probably from Old Javanese muṣṭi, from Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭi, “fist, clenched hand”). Doublet of pasti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [məsˈti]
* Hyphenation: mês‧ti

### Adverb

mêsti
* must
    Synonym: harus
* sure
    Synonyms: pasti, tentu

#### Alternative forms

* musti

#### Derived terms

* kemestian
* memestikan
* semestinya

### Further reading

* “mesti” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɛ.sti/
* Rhymes: -ɛsti
* Hyphenation: mè‧sti

#### Adjective

mesti
* masculine plural of mesto

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈme.sti/, /ˈmɛ.sti/
* Rhymes: -esti, -ɛsti
* Hyphenation: mé‧sti, mè‧sti

#### Verb

mesti
* inflection of mestare:
** second-person singular present indicative
** first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* miste, stime, tmesi

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese mister.

### Verb

mesti
* must
* to need

## Lithuanian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *met-; cognate with Latvian mest (“to throw”), Proto-Slavic *mesti (“to throw; to sweep”) (whence Polish mieść (“to throw; sweep”)), and see the Proto-Slavic for more.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmʲɛsʲtʲɪ]

#### Verb

mèsti (third-person present tense mẽta, third-person past tense mẽtė)
* to throw
* to drop
* to give up (a habit, such as smoking)

##### Synonyms

* (to throw): blokšti, drėbti, sviesti; (iteratively) mėtyti

##### Derived terms

* išmesti
* įmesti
* numesti
* metė́jas m, metė́ja f
* meti̇̀kas m, meti̇̀kė f
* meti̇̀mas m (verbal noun)

##### Related terms

(nouns):
* išmatos f pl
* metai m pl
(verb):
* mėtyti

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʲɛsʲˈtʲɪ]

#### Participle

mesti̇̀ m
* nominative masculine plural of mẽstas

### References

* ↑ Derksen, Rick (2015) “mesti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 313-4
* ↑ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 308-309. →ISBN
* ↑ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “mieść”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 335
* ↑ “mesti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

### Anagrams

* semti

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -i
IPA: [məsti], [mesti]

### Adverb

mesti (Jawi spelling مستي)
* must

#### Synonyms

* harus

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: mesti (inherited)

### Further reading

* “mesti” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mesti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mêsti/
* Hyphenation: me‧sti

### Verb

mȅsti impf (Cyrillic spelling ме̏сти)
* (ambitransitive) to sweep

#### Derived terms

* pòmesti pf
* smȅsti pf
* zàmesti pf

### Further reading

* “mesti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *mesti.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɛ̀ːsti/

#### Verb

mésti impf
* to sweep

##### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *męsti.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mèːsti/, /mɛ̀ːsti/

#### Verb

mẹ́sti or mésti impf
* to churn (butter)

##### Derived terms

* zmẹ́sti

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

mesti
* inflection of mesto:
** nominative/accusative dual
** instrumental plural

### Further reading

* “mesti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “mesti”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references