# rude
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English rude, from Old French rude, ruide, from Latin rudis (“rough, raw, rude, wild, untilled”).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: ro͞od
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɹuːd/
** (General American, Canada) IPA: /ɹud/
*** Audio (California):(file)
** (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ɹʉːd/
* Rhymes: -uːd
* Homophones: rood, rued

### Adjective

rude (comparative ruder, superlative rudest)
* Lacking in refinement or civility; bad-mannered; discourteous.
    This girl was so rude towards the cashier by screaming at him for no apparent reason.
    Karen broke up with Fred because he was often rude to her.
** c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vii]:Art thou thus bolden'd, man, by thy distress? Or else a rude despiser of good manners, That in civility thou seem'st so empty?
** 1871–1872, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter 6, in Middlemarch […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book (please specify |book=I to VIII):[S]he was rude to Sir James sometimes; but he is so kind, he never noticed it.
* Lacking refinement or skill; untaught; ignorant; raw.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 11:6:But though I be rude in speech, yet not in knowledge
** 1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:Though not as shee with Bow and Quiver armd, But with such Gardning Tools as Are yet rude, Guiltless of fire had formd, or Angels brought […]
** 1767, Adam Ferguson, An Essay on the History of Civil Society:It might be apprehended, that among rude nations, where the means of subsistence are procured with so much difficulty, the mind could never raise itself above the consideration of this subject
** 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:She had one of the caves fitted up as a laboratory, and, although her appliances were necessarily rude, the results that she attained were, as will become clear in the course of this narrative, sufficiently surprising.
** 1919, Rudyard Kipling, The Conundrum of the Workshops:When the flush of a new-born sun fell first on Eden's green and gold, Our father Adam sat under the Tree and scratched with a stick in the mould; And the first rude sketch that the world had seen was joy to his mighty heart, Till the Devil whispered behind the leaves, "It's pretty, but is it Art?"
** 1983 [1981], John Crowley, “The Fairies' Parliment”, in Little, Big, Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 583:There was a rude bridge there, much fallen, where floating branches caught and white water swirled; […]
* Violent; abrupt; turbulent.
    a rude awakening
** 1577, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book 9:The Air attrite to Fire, as late the Clouds Justling or pusht with Winds rude in thir shock
** 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto IX:All night no ruder air perplex ⁠Thy sliding keel, till Phosphor, bright ⁠As our pure love, thro’ early light Shall glimmer on the dewy decks.
* Somewhat obscene, pornographic, offensive.
    a rude film
    rude language
* Undeveloped, unskilled, inelegant.
* Hearty, vigorous; found particularly in the phrase rude health.
** 1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden Pond:A comfortable house for a rude and hardy race, that lived mostly out of doors, was once made here almost entirely of such materials as Nature furnished ready to their hands.
* Crudely made; primitive.
** 1955, Vladimir Nabokov, chapter 1, in Lolita:For a while, purple-robed, heel-dangling, I sat on the edge of one of the rude tables, under the wooshing pines.

#### Synonyms

* (bad-mannered): ill-mannered, uncouth; see Thesaurus:impolite
* (obscene, pornographic, offensive): adult, blue; see also Thesaurus:obscene or Thesaurus:pornographic
* (undeveloped): primitive; see Thesaurus:crude

#### Derived terms

* rude awakening
* rude boy
* rude word
* rudely
* rudeness
* rudesby
* rudish

#### Related terms

* erudite
* erudition
* rudiment
* rudimentary

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Further reading

* “rude”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “rude”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “rude”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* Duer, dure, rued, urdé, ured

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin rudis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈru.ðə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈru.ðe]

### Adjective

rude m or f (masculine and feminine plural rudes)
* uncultured, rough

#### Derived terms

* rudement
* rudesa

### Further reading

* “rude” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ruːdə/, [ˈʁuːðə]
* Rhymes: -uːðə

### Etymology 1

From Middle Low German rūte, from Old High German rūta (German Raute (“rhomb”)), probably from Latin rūta (“rue”).

#### Noun

rude c (singular definite ruden, plural indefinite ruder)
* pane
* window
* square
* lozenge, diamond

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From late Old Norse rúta, from Middle Low German rūde, from Latin rūta (“rue”).

#### Noun

rude c (singular definite ruden, plural indefinite ruder)
* (botany) rue (various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta)

##### Inflection
### See also

* ruder
* rude on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$
* Rude-familien on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French rude, a borrowing from Latin rudis (“unwrought”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁyd/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

rude (plural rudes)
* rough, harsh
** March 28 1757, Robert-François Damiens, facing a horrific execution
    "La journée sera rude." ("The day will be rough.")
* tough, hard; severe
* bitter, harsh, sharp (of weather)
* crude, unpolished
* hardy, tough, rugged
* (informal) formidable, fearsome

#### Derived terms

* esprit rude
* mettre à rude épreuve
* rudement

### Further reading

* “rude”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* dure, duré, redû

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).

### Noun

rude f (plural rudis)
* rue, common rue (Ruta graveolens)

## Galician
### Etymology

From Latin rudis, rudem.

### Adjective

rude
* tough
* rough, coarse

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “rude”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Italian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin rudis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈru.de/
* Rhymes: -ude
* Hyphenation: rù‧de

### Adjective

rude (invariable)
* tough
* rough, coarse

#### Derived terms

* rudemente

### Anagrams

* dure

### References

* rude in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* rude in internazionale.it – Dizionario Italiano di Internazionale – Il Nuovo di Mauro

## Latin
### Adjective

rude
* nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of rudis

### References

* "rude", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Middle English
### Verb

rude
* Alternative form of rudden

## Norman
### Etymology

From Latin rudis.

### Adjective

rude m or f
* (Jersey) rough

#### Derived terms

* rudement

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *rūtā (“rue”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈruː.de/

### Noun

rūde f
* rue (plants in the genus Ruta)

#### Declension

Weak feminine (n-stem):

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈru.dɛ/
* Rhymes: -udɛ
* Syllabification: ru‧de
* Homophone: rudę

### Adjective

rude
* inflection of rudy:
** neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular
** nonvirile nominative/accusative/vocative plural

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin rudis.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁu.d͡ʒi/ [ˈhu.d͡ʒi]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁu.d͡ʒi/ [ˈhu.d͡ʒi]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁu.d͡ʒi/ [ˈχu.d͡ʒi]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁu.de/ [ˈhu.de]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁu.dɨ/ [ˈʁu.ðɨ]
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ud͡ʒi, (Portugal) -udɨ
* Hyphenation: ru‧de

### Adjective

rude m or f (plural rudes)
* rude; bad-mannered
    Synonyms: brusco, grosseiro, mal-educado

## Romanian
### Noun

rude f pl
* plural of rudă

## Serbo-Croatian
### Adjective

rude
* inflection of rud:
** masculine accusative plural
** feminine genitive singular
** feminine nominative/accusative/vocative plural

### Noun

rude (Cyrillic spelling руде)
* inflection of ruda:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

## Slovak
### Noun

rude
* dative/locative singular of ruda

## Venetan
### Noun

rude
* plural of ruda