# Berlin
## English
### Etymology

From German Berlin.

### Pronunciation

(German city and state):
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /bəˈlɪn/, /bɜːˈlɪn/, (rarely) /bɛə̯ˈlɪn/
* (General American) IPA: [bɚˈlɪn]
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪn
(US cities and towns, and compounds derived from the German city and state):
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbɜː.lɪn/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈbɝ.lɪn/, enPR: bûrʹlĭn
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)lɪn

### Proper noun

Berlin (countable and uncountable, plural Berlins)
* The capital and largest city of Germany.
* (metonymically) The German government.
** 2014, Christopher Simpson, “three”, in Mark Crispin Miller, editor, Blowback: America’s Recruitment of Nazis and Its Destructive Impact on Our Domestic and Foreign Policy‎, New York: Open Road Media, →ISBN, page 79:The practical implication of this decision in the world of 1948 is clear: The United States would indeed support the veterans of the Vlasov Army, the eastern SS collaborators, and other groups that had permitted themselves to become pawns of Berlin during the war.
* A state of Germany containing the capital city.
* A surname from German.
* A female given name from German.
* A civil parish of the municipality of Seedorf, Segeberg district, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
* The former name of Kitchener, a city in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
* A village in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia.
* A small town in Eastern Cape province, South Africa.
* A place in the United States
** The former name of Genevra, an unincorporated community in Colusa County, California, United States.
** A town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States.
** A small city in Colquitt County, Georgia, United States.
** A village in Sangamon County, Illinois, United States.
** A ghost town in Johnson Township, Clinton County, Indiana, United States.
** An unincorporated community in Bourbon County, Kansas, United States.
** An unincorporated community in Bracken County, Kentucky, United States.
** A town in Worcester County, Maryland, United States.
** A town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
** A town in Worcester County, Mississippi, United States.
** The former name of Marne, an unincorporated community in Ottawa County, Michigan, United States.
** The former name of Otoe, a village in Otoe County, Nebraska, United States.
** A ghost town in Nye County, Nevada, United States.
** A city in Coos County, New Hampshire, United States.
** A borough of Camden County, New Jersey, United States.
** A town in Rensselaer County, New York, United States.
** A tiny city in LaMoure County, North Dakota, United States.
** An unincorporated community and census-designated place in Berlin Township, Holmes County, Ohio, United States.
** An unincorporated community in Florence Township, Williams County, Ohio, United States.
** A borough of Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States.
** An unincorporated community in Marshall County, Tennessee, United States.
** An unincorporated community in Washington County, Texas, United States.
** A town in Washington County, Vermont, United States.
** An unincorporated community in Lewis County, West Virginia, United States.
** A city in Green Lake County and Waushara County, Wisconsin, United States.
** A town in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, United States, mostly surrounding the city of the same name.
** A town in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States.
* Ellipsis of Berlin Township.

#### Derived terms

* berlin
* Berlin black
* Berlin blue
* Berliner
* berliner
* Berlinese
* Berlin green
* Berlin Heights
* Berlinian
* Berlin iron
* Berlin School
* Berlin shop
* Berlin Time
* Berlin Township
* Berlin Wall
* Berlin white
* Berlin work
* East Berlin
* Little Berlin
* New Berlin
* West Berlin

#### See also

Divisions of the Federal Republic of Germany in English (layout · text) :
* Area states: Baden-Württemberg · Bavaria · Brandenburg · Hesse · Lower Saxony · Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania · North Rhine-Westphalia · Rhineland-Palatinate · Saarland · Saxony · Saxony-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thuringia
* City states: Berlin · Bremen · Hamburg

### Noun

Berlin (countable and uncountable, plural Berlins)
* Short for Berlin worsted.
** 1812, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Parliamentary Papers (page 96)
    Are you not aware that the single worsted that Berlin is made of, is very different from that that is made into stockings?
** 1843, Handbook for Travellers in Central Italy (page 5)
    Berlin and other kinds of Lamb's Wool and Worsted of the finest colours and in the brightest shades; […]
** 1912, United States. Tariff Board, Wool and Manufactures of Wool (page 71)
    Fine mixed "Berlins" shoddy

#### Derived terms

* Berlin shop
* Berlin work
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “Berlin”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

## Central Franconian
### Proper noun

Berlin n
* Berlin
** 1909, Heinrich Koch, Kölsche Verzällcher. II. Bändchen, Köln, p. 38:
    Der ganze Dag hat se mem Annche gesprov, un dat Vüggelche hatt esu staats gesunge, dat ald Mutter un Doochter üvverlaht hatte, ov de Huhzicksreis no Berlin ov no Italie gemaht sollt wähde.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2007, das kölsche liedbuch, (Lund Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Köln), p. 32, song Hey Kölle! Do bes e Jeföhl:
    Ich han die Städte der Welt jesin, ich wor in Rio, in New York un Berlin!(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Central Nahuatl
### Proper noun

Berlin
* Berlin (the capital city of Germany)

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [b̥aɐ̯ˈliˀn]

### Proper noun

Berlin
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

## Faroese
### Proper noun

Berlin m
* Berlin (the capital of Germany)

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛʁ.lɛ̃/
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Berlin m
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

#### Derived terms

* berlinois
* Berlinois
* mur de Berlin
* Petit Berlin

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: Béc-lanh
* → Persian: برلن (berlan)

### See also

Divisions of the Federal Republic of Germany in French (layout · text) :
* États de la zone: Bade-Wurtemberg · Bavière · Brandebourg · Hesse · Basse-Saxe · Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale · Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie · Rhénanie-Palatinat · Sarre · Saxe · Saxe-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thuringe
* cités-États: Berlin · Brême · Hambourg

## German
### Alternative forms

* Berl. (abbreviation)

### Etymology

The place is first mentioned by this name in the late 12th century (as Middle Low German Berlyn).
The origin is unknown. Slavic by the suffix -in.
According to (incorrect) folk etymology, the name is derived from the Bär (“bear”) that is the symbol of the city.
In a popular etymology of Germanists, it is derived from a Polabian stem *berl- ~ *birl- (“swamp”), for which lexical item there is no evidence in Polabian nor in any Slavic language. Closest to that would be an unknown simpler relative of *bьrlogъ (“cave”).
Attested vocabulary is Polabian poro (“swamp, bog”). *bělь also meant a “swampy meadow” or “white field”, which fits the location at the märkische Streusandbüchse, the “Margraviate pounce box” notorious for its sandy soil, and is also the noun behind Belitz.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard New High German) IPA: [bɛʁˈliːn], [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn],
* (Berlinisch) IPA: [bɐ̠liːn], [bɐ̠liːən]
* Audio (Berlin, standard):(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Berlin n (proper noun, genitive Berlins or (optionally with an article) Berlin, plural Berlin)
* Berlin (the capital and largest city and state of Germany)
** 1800, Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, (Please provide the book title or journal name):Berlin ist mehr ein Weltteil als eine Stadt.Berlin is more a part of a world than a city.
** 1910, Karl Scheffler, author of Berlin: Ein Stadtschicksal:
    Berlin ist eine Stadt, verdammt dazu, ewig zu werden, niemals zu sein.Berlin is a city damned forever to become, never to be.
* (metonymically) Berlin (federal government of Germany)

#### Meronyms

* Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
* Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
* Lichtenberg
* Marzahn-Hellersdorf
* Mitte
* Neukölln
* Pankow
* Reinickendorf
* Spandau
* Steglitz-Zehlendorf
* Tempelhof-Schöneberg
* Treptow-Köpenick

#### Derived terms

* Alt-Berlin
* Berlin-Dahlem
* Berlin-Friedrichshain
* Berlin-Johannisthal
* Berlin-Köpenik
* Berlin-Lichtenberg
* Berlin-Marzahn
* Berlin-Mitte
* Berlin-Moabit
* Berlin-Neukölln
* Berlin-Pankow
* Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg
* Berlin-Reinickendorf
* Berlin-Steglitz
* Berlin-Treptow
* Berlin-Wedding
* Berlin-Wilmersdorf
* Berlin-Zehlendorf
* Berlinale
* Berline
* Berliner
* berlinfern
* berlinisch
* berlinnah
* einen Koffer in Berlin haben
* Großberlin, Groß-Berlin
* Ostberlin, Ost-Berlin
* Westberlin, West-Berlin

#### Related terms

* Berliner Blau
* Berolina
* Berolinismus

#### Descendants

* → Norwegian Bokmål: Berlin
* → Vietnamese: Béc-linh

### See also

Divisions of the Federal Republic of Germany in German (layout · text) :
* Flächenländer: Baden-Württemberg · Bayern · Brandenburg · Hessen · Niedersachsen · Mecklenburg-Vorpommern · Nordrhein-Westfalen · Rheinland-Pfalz · Saarland · Sachsen · Sachsen-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thüringen
* Stadtstaaten: Berlin · Bremen · Hamburg

### References

* ↑ “Peter Schlobinski: Zur r-Vokalisierung im Berlinischen. — Archived copy”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, 2016 February 5 (last accessed), archived from the original on 5 July 2017

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɛrlin]
* Hyphenation: Ber‧lin
* Rhymes: -in

### Proper noun

Berlin
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

#### Derived terms

* berlini

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Proper noun

Berlin
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Proper noun

Berlin
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɛr.lin/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrlin
* Syllabification: Ber‧lin

### Proper noun

Berlin m inan (related adjective berliński)
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

#### Derived terms

* berlinianka
* berlinka
* berlińczyk

### See also

Divisions of the Federal Republic of Germany in Polish (layout · text) :
* Area states: Badenia-Wirtembergia · Bawaria · Brandenburgia · Hesja · Dolna Saksonia · Meklemburgia-Pomorze Przednie · Nadrenia Północna-Westfalia · Nadrenia-Palatynat · Saara · Saksonia · Saksonia-Anhalt · Szlezwik-Holsztyn · Turyngia
* City states: Berlin · Brema · Hamburg

### Further reading

* Berlin in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* Berlin in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Proper noun

Berlin f
* Alternative form of Berlim

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ber.ˈlin/

### Proper noun

Berlin n
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

#### Derived terms

* berlinez m, berlineză f
* adjective: berlinez

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /běrliːn/
* Hyphenation: Ber‧lin

### Proper noun

Bèrlīn m (Cyrillic spelling Бѐрлӣн)
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /berˈliːn/

### Proper noun

Berlin n (genitive Berlins)
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

### References

* Berlin in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* Svensk MeSH

## Tatar
### Proper noun

Berlin
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

#### Declension
## Turkish
### Proper noun

Berlin
* Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)
* Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛrˈlɪn/
* Rhymes: -ɪn

### Proper noun

Berlin f (not mutable)
* Berlin (the capital city of Germany)