# 膠

| 膠 | U+81A0, &#33184; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81A0 |
| ← 膟 [U+819F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 膡 → [U+81A1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

膠 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月尸一竹 (BSMH), four-corner 7722$_2$, composition ⿰⺼翏)

#### Derived characters

* 𠐋, 㶀, 廫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 993, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29841
* Dae Jaweon: page 1445, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2109, character 6
* Unihan data for U+81A0

## Chinese

* 膠 (Cantonese)
* 膠 (消歧義) (Written Standard Chinese)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 醪 | *ruːw |
| 嫪 | *ruːw, *rɯːws |
| 嘐 | *ɡ·ruːw, *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw |
| 賿 | *rrɯːw, *rrɯːwʔ |
| 顟 | *rrɯːw |
| 膠 | *krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw |
| 轇 | *krɯːw |
| 摎 | *krɯːw, *rɯw |
| 髎 | *riw, *rɯːw |
| 熮 | *riws, *rɯːw, *rɯwʔ |
| 廖 | *rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws |
| 憀 | *rɯːw, *rɯw |
| 豂 | *rɯːw |
| 漻 | *rɯːw |
| 翏 | *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws |
| 寥 | *rɯːw, *rɯːwɢ |
| 蓼 | *rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ |
| 鄝 | *rɯːwʔ |
| 鷚 | *mɡlɯw, *rɯwɢs, *mɡrɯw, *ɡrɯw |
| 繆 | *mlɯw, *mɡrɯw, *mrɯws, *mlɯwɢ |
| 勠 | *rɯw, *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ |
| 疁 | *rɯw |
| 飂 | *rɯw, *rɯws |
| 鏐 | *rɯw, *rɯw |
| 僇 | *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ |
| 瘳 | *r̥ʰɯw |
| 璆 | *ɡlɯw, *ɡrɯw |
| 謬 | *mrɯws |
| 蟉 | *ɡ·rɯw, *ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ |
| 樛 | *krɯw |
| 磟 | *ruːwɢ, *rɯwɢ |
| 戮 | *rɯwɢ |
| 剹 | *rɯwɢ |
| 穋 | *rɯwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw): semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiāo (jiao$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiao$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaau$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gau$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kâu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gau$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gáu
* Eastern Min (BUC): gĕu / gău / gă
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ka / kau
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ga$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^1$
*** Yale: jyāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
*** Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiao$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giao
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiau⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaau$^1$
*** Yale: gāau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gao$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kau³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gau$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gáu
*** Sinological IPA : /kau⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gĕu / gău / gă
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛu⁵⁵/, /kau⁵⁵/, /ka⁵⁵/
* gĕu/gău - literary;
* gă - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: kaew, khaew, kaewH
Rime :
| Character | 膠 | 膠 | 膠 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 溪 (29) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 肴 (90) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II | II |
| Fanqie | 古肴切 | 口交切 | 古孝切 |
| Baxter | kaew | khaew | kaewH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠau/ | /kʰˠau/ | /kˠau$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚau/ | /kʰᵚau/ | /kᵚau$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kau/ | /kʰau/ | /kau$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨw/ | /kʰaɨw/ | /kaɨw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kau/ | /kʰau/ | /kau$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kau/ | /kʰau/ | /kau$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kau/ | /kʰau/ | /kau$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāo | qiāo | jiào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaau$^1$ | haau$^1$ | gaau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤriw/, /*[k]ˤriwʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯːw/, /*krɯːws/, /*kʰrɯːw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 膠 | 膠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiāo | jiǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kæw › | ‹ kæw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁriw/ | /*[k]ˁriwʔ/ |
| English | glue | glue |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 膠 | 膠 | 膠 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 8350 | 8354 | 8355 |
| Phonetic component | 翏 | 翏 | 翏 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 交 | 敎 | 敲 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯːw/ | /*krɯːws/ | /*kʰrɯːw/ |
| Notes | | | 校本改目旁 |

### Definitions

膠
* glue; adhesive; gum; resin
* rubber (material)
* to glue; to adhere
* sticky; gluey
* (Cantonese) plastic
* Short for 膠州／胶州 (Jiāozhōu).
* Short for 膠澳／胶澳. (former name of 青島／青岛 (Qīngdǎo))
* (Wenzhounese) swim bladder

#### Synonyms

* (rubber):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 膠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 膠皮, 橡膠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 橡膠, 橡皮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 橡皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 膠皮, 橡膠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 膠皮, 橡膠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 橡膠, 橡皮, 膠皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 橡膠, 橡皮, 膠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 橡膠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 橡膠 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 樹膠, 膠 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 樹膠, 膠 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 樹膠, 膠 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 樹膠 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 樹溶 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 橡膠, 橡皮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 樹仁仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 橡膠 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 橡膠 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 橡膠 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 橡膠 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 橡膠 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 橡膠 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 膠皮, 橡膠 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 橡膠, 樹奶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 橡膠, 樹奶 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 樹奶 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 樹奶 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 樹奶 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 樹奶 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 樹奶 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 樹奶 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 樹奶 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | goma, 樹奶 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 樹奶 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 橡膠, 橡皮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 橡皮 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 橡膠, 橡皮 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 橡膠, 橡皮 |
* (plastic):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 塑料 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 塑料 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 塑膠, 塑料 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 塑膠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 塑膠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 塑料 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 塑料, 塑膠, 膠 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 塑膠, 膠 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 塑膠, 膠 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 膠 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 塑料 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 塑膠 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 塑膠 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 塑膠 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 塑膠 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 塑膠 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 塑膠 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 塑膠 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 塑膠 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 塑膠 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 塑料 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 塑料 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 塑料 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 塑膠 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 塑膠 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 塑料 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 塑料 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 塑料 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 塑料 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 塑膠 |
* (swim bladder):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 魚鰾, 鰾 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 魚尿脬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 魚脬, 魚尿脬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 魚尿脬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 魚泡兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 魚泡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 魚鰾 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 魚泡兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 魚尿脬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 魚尿包 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 魚尿脬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 魚泡兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 魚泡, 魚飄 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 魚泡兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 魚鰾兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 魚尿脬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 魚脯兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 魚尿脬, 魚漂兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 魚泡兒, 魚尿脬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 魚泡, 魚泡兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 魚泡兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 魚泡兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 魚泡, 魚泡兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 魚泡兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 魚泡, 泡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 魚鰾, 魚脬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 魚尿脬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 魚泡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 魚脬, 魚泡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 魚泡泡, 魚脬兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 魚泡子, 魚脬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 魚鰾, 魚泡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 魚泡, 魚白 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 魚泡 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 魚朵 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 魚泡 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 魚泡仔, 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 魚鰾 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 魚白 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 魚鰾 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 魚鰾 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 泡 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Changting | 魚泡哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 魚鰾 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 魚鰾 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 魚泡 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 魚泡 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 魚泡泡 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 魚泡兒, 魚鰾 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 魚脬 |
| Jin | Linhe | 魚泡 |
| Jin | Jining | 魚泡 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 魚泡兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 魚尿脬 |
| Jin | Handan | 魚泡兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 魚泡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 魚膠 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 魚鰾 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 魚鰾 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 魚鰾, 魚噗 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 魚鰾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 魚鰾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 魚鰾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 魚鰾 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 魚鰾 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 魚泡 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 魚泡 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 魚泡泡 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 魚泡 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 魚鰾鰾 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 魚泡泡兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 魚泡泡 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 魚膠, 膠 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 魚泡 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 魚脬 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 魚脬 |

#### Compounds

* 不乾膠 / 不干胶 (bùgānjiāo)
* 世膠 / 世胶
* 乳膠 / 乳胶 (rǔjiāo)
* 亞膠 / 亚胶
* 以膠投漆 / 以胶投漆
* 似漆如膠 / 似漆如胶
* 傳致膠 / 传致胶
* 冰膠 / 冰胶
* 凝膠體 / 凝胶体
* 割膠 / 割胶
* 動物膠 / 动物胶
* 合成橡膠 / 合成橡胶
* 吸膠 / 吸胶
* 呵膠 / 呵胶
* 塑膠 / 塑胶
* 塑膠工業 / 塑胶工业
* 塑膠布 / 塑胶布
* 塑膠炸彈 / 塑胶炸弹
* 塑膠玻璃 / 塑胶玻璃
* 塑膠花 / 塑胶花
* 塑膠袋 / 塑胶袋
* 塑膠貨幣 / 塑胶货币
* 夾膠玻璃 / 夹胶玻璃
* 如膠似漆 / 如胶似漆 (rújiāosìqī)
* 如膠如漆 / 如胶如漆
* 如膠投漆 / 如胶投漆
* 孔膠 / 孔胶
* 寒膠 / 寒胶
* 對膠 / 对胶
* 工程塑膠 / 工程塑胶
* 弓膠 / 弓胶
* 弦膠 / 弦胶
* 強力膠 / 强力胶
* 折膠 / 折胶
* 投膠 / 投胶
* 折膠墮指 / 折胶堕指
* 擦紙膠 / 擦纸胶
* 擦膠 / 擦胶
* 擾擾膠膠 / 扰扰胶胶
* 明膠 / 明胶 (míngjiāo)
* 東序西膠 / 东序西胶
* 松膠 / 松胶
* 果膠 / 果胶 (guǒjiāo)
* 東膠 / 东胶
* 東膠西序 / 东胶西序
* 柳膠 / 柳胶
* 栲膠 / 栲胶
* 桃膠 / 桃胶 (táojiāo)
* 楓膠 / 枫胶
* 槐膠 / 槐胶
* 槐膠彈子 / 槐胶弹子
* 橡膠 / 橡胶 (xiàngjiāo)
* 樹膠 / 树胶 (shùjiāo)
* 橡膠樹 / 橡胶树 (xiàngjiāoshù)
* 橡膠草 / 橡胶草
* 歙漆阿膠 / 歙漆阿胶
* 氟碳塑膠 / 氟碳塑胶
* 氯丁橡膠 / 氯丁橡胶
* 水膠 / 水胶
* 泡沫塑膠 / 泡沫塑胶
* 泡沫橡膠 / 泡沫橡胶
* 泡沫髮膠 / 泡沫发胶
* 泥膠 / 泥胶 (níjiāo)
* 湖膠 / 湖胶
* 煮膠 / 煮胶
* 煙膠 / 烟胶
* 煎膠續弦 / 煎胶续弦
* 熟橡膠 / 熟橡胶
* 牛皮膠 / 牛皮胶
* 牛膠 / 牛胶
* 玻璃膠 / 玻璃胶
* 生橡膠 / 生橡胶 (shēngxiàngjiāo)
* 異戊橡膠 / 异戊橡胶
* 白膠 / 白胶
* 白膠香 / 白胶香
* 皓膠 / 皓胶
* 皮膠 / 皮胶 (píjiāo)
* 萬能膠 / 万能胶 (wànnéngjiāo)
* 秋膠 / 秋胶
* 穿線膠裝 / 穿线胶装
* 笨膠 / 笨胶
* 續弦膠 / 续弦胶
* 背膠布 / 背胶布
* 脂膠 / 脂胶
* 脫膠 / 脱胶 (tuōjiāo)
* 膠乳 / 胶乳 (jiāorǔ)
* 膠元蛋白 / 胶元蛋白
* 膠加 / 胶加
* 膠化 / 胶化 (jiāohuà)
* 膠印 / 胶印
* 膠卷 / 胶卷 (jiāojuǎn)
* 膠卷兒 / 胶卷儿
* 膠原 / 胶原 (jiāoyuán)
* 膠原病 / 胶原病 (jiāoyuánbìng)
* 膠原蛋白 / 胶原蛋白 (jiāoyuán dànbái)
* 膠口 / 胶口
* 膠合 / 胶合
* 膠合板 / 胶合板 (jiāohébǎn)
* 膠噤 / 胶噤
* 膠囊 / 胶囊 (jiāonáng)
* 膠囊劑 / 胶囊剂
* 膠固 / 胶固
* 膠執 / 胶执
* 膠姆糖 / 胶姆糖 (jiāomǔtáng)
* 膠子 / 胶子 (jiāozǐ)
* 膠密 / 胶密
* 膠州 / 胶州 (Jiāozhōu)
* 膠州灣 / 胶州湾 (Jiāozhōuwān)
* 膠布 / 胶布 (jiāobù)
* 膠帶 / 胶带 (jiāodài)
* 膠序 / 胶序
* 膠庠 / 胶庠
* 膠戾 / 胶戾
* 膠折 / 胶折
* 膠拖 / 胶拖
* 膠捲 / 胶卷 (jiāojuǎn)
* 膠掌 / 胶掌
* 膠擦 / 胶擦
* 膠擾 / 胶扰
* 膠木 / 胶木 (jiāomù)
* 膠東 / 胶东 (Jiāodōng)
* 膠杯 / 胶杯
* 膠東丘陵 / 胶东丘陵
* 膠柱 / 胶柱
* 膠柱調瑟 / 胶柱调瑟
* 膠柱鼓瑟 / 胶柱鼓瑟 (jiāozhùgǔsè)
* 膠棗 / 胶枣
* 膠樽 / 胶樽
* 膠水 / 胶水 (jiāoshuǐ)
* 膠水兒 / 胶水儿
* 膠泥 / 胶泥
* 膠清 / 胶清
* 膠淤 / 胶淤
* 膠淺 / 胶浅
* 膠溺 / 胶溺
* 膠滯 / 胶滞
* 膠漆 / 胶漆 (jiāoqī)
* 膠漆之情 / 胶漆之情
* 膠漆交 / 胶漆交
* 膠漆契 / 胶漆契
* 膠漆相投 / 胶漆相投
* 膠漆相融 / 胶漆相融
* 膠濟鐵路 / 胶济铁路
* 膠片 / 胶片 (jiāopiàn)
* 膠片書籍 / 胶片书籍
* 膠版 / 胶版
* 膠版印刷 / 胶版印刷
* 膠版紙 / 胶版纸 (jiāobǎnzhǐ)
* 膠牙 / 胶牙
* 膠牙餳 / 胶牙饧
* 膠球 / 胶球 (jiāoqiú)
* 膠瑟 / 胶瑟
* 膠皮 / 胶皮 (jiāopí)
* 膠皮車 / 胶皮车
* 膠盭 / 胶盭
* 膠目 / 胶目
* 膠着 (jiāozhuó)
* 膠筏 / 胶筏
* 膠管 / 胶管
* 膠粘 / 胶粘
* 膠粘劑 / 胶粘剂
* 膠紙 / 胶纸 (jiāozhǐ)
* 膠結 / 胶结
* 膠緻 / 胶致
* 膠續 / 胶续
* 膠羽 / 胶羽
* 膘膠 / 膘胶 (biàojiāo)
* 膠膠 / 胶胶
* 膠膠擾擾 / 胶胶扰扰
* 膠膠紛紛 / 胶胶纷纷
* 膠膠膊膊 / 胶胶膊膊
* 膠膠角角 / 胶胶角角
* 膠致 / 胶致
* 膠舟 / 胶舟
* 膠船 / 胶船
* 膠菜 / 胶菜 (Jiāocài)
* 膠著狀態 / 胶着状态
* 膠著 / 胶着 (jiāozhuó)
* 膠萊谷地 / 胶莱谷地
* 膠葛 / 胶葛
* 膠袋 / 胶袋 (jiāodài)
* 膠裝 / 胶装
* 膠言 / 胶言
* 膠讓 / 胶让
* 膠質 / 胶质 (jiāozhì)
* 膠車 / 胶车
* 膠輵 / 胶𬨍
* 膠轕 / 胶𮝺
* 膠附 / 胶附
* 膠青 / 胶青
* 膠革 / 胶革
* 膠靴 / 胶靴
* 膠鞋 / 胶鞋 (jiāoxié)
* 膠餳 / 胶饧
* 膠體化學 / 胶体化学 (jiāotǐ huàxué)
* 膠體溶液 / 胶体溶液
* 膠體物 / 胶体物
* 膠鬲之困 / 胶鬲之困
* 膠鰾 / 胶鳔
* 膠黌 / 胶黉
* 膠黏 / 胶黏
* 膠黐 / 胶黐
* 蜂膠 / 蜂胶 (fēngjiāo)
* 螯膠 / 螯胶
* 蟲膠 / 虫胶 (chóngjiāo)
* 蟲膠清漆 / 虫胶清漆
* 褐藻膠 / 褐藻胶
* 西膠 / 西胶
* 起膠餅 / 起胶饼
* 超能膠 / 超能胶
* 透明膠 / 透明胶
* 鉤膠 / 钩胶
* 阿井膠 / 阿井胶
* 阿拉伯膠 / 阿拉伯胶 (ālābó jiāo)
* 阿膠 / 阿胶 (ējiāo)
* 阿膠版 / 阿胶版
* 陰膠 / 阴胶
* 陳雷膠漆 / 陈雷胶漆
* 集絃膠 / 集弦胶
* 雷陳膠漆 / 雷陈胶漆
* 順丁橡膠 / 顺丁橡胶
* 食膠蟲 / 食胶虫
* 香膠 / 香胶
* 驢皮膠 / 驴皮胶
* 骨膠 / 骨胶
* 魚膠 / 鱼胶 (yújiāo)
* 鰾膠 / 鳔胶 (biàojiāo)
* 鳳麟膠 / 凤麟胶
* 鸞膠 / 鸾胶
* 鸞膠續斷 / 鸾胶续断
* 鸞膠鳳絲 / 鸾胶凤丝
* 鹿膠 / 鹿胶
* 鹿角膠 / 鹿角胶 (lùjiǎojiāo)
* 麋膠 / 麋胶
* 麟膠 / 麟胶
* 黃明膠 / 黄明胶
* 黃膠 / 黄胶
* 黏膠 / 黏胶
* 黏膠纖維 / 黏胶纤维
* 黐膠 / 黐胶
* 黑膠 / 黑胶 (hēijiāo)
* 黑膠唱片 / 黑胶唱片
* 黑膠綢 / 黑胶绸 (hēijiāochóu)
* 鼠膠 / 鼠胶

#### Descendants

* → Burmese: ကော် (kau)
* → Khmer: កាវ (kaaw)
* → Lao: ກາວ (kāo)
* →? Sundanese: ka
* → Thai: กาว (gaao)
* → Vietnamese: keo (non-Sino-Vietnamese)

### Etymology 2

Near homophone of the vulgar word 鳩 / 鸠 (gau$^1$).

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaau$^1$
*** Yale: gāau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gao$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːu̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

膠 (Hong Kong Cantonese)
* (originally Internet slang) stupid; foolish; dumb
    膠劇／胶剧 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― gaau$^1$ kek$^6$ [Jyutping] ― stupid soap operas
* (Internet slang) stupidness; stupidity (Classifier: 打 c)
* (originally Internet slang, offensive) idiot; retard
    左膠／左胶 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― zo$^2$ gaau$^1$ [Jyutping] ― leftard
    巴膠／巴胶 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― baa$^1$ gaau$^1$ [Jyutping] ― bus fans with bad behaviours
* (originally Internet slang, possibly offensive) nerd; enthusiast
    腳膠／脚胶 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― goek$^3$ gaau$^1$ [Jyutping] ― foot fetish
    巴膠／巴胶 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― baa$^1$ gaau$^1$ [Jyutping] ― bus enthusiast
* (chiefly Internet slang) to act stupidly; to act foolishly

#### Compounds

* 倭膠 / 倭胶
* 假膠 / 假胶 (gaa$^2$ gaau$^1$)
* 大中華膠 / 大中华胶 (daai$^6$ zung$^1$ waa$^4$ gaau$^1$)
* 左膠 / 左胶 (zo$^2$ gaau$^1$)
* 巴膠 / 巴胶 (baa$^1$ gaau$^1$)
* 民主膠 / 民主胶
* 派膠 / 派胶 (paai$^3$ gaau$^1$)
* 煩膠 / 烦胶 (faan$^4$ gaau$^1$)
* 玩膠 / 玩胶
* 真心膠 / 真心胶 (zan$^1$ sam$^1$ gaau$^1$)
* 硬膠 / 硬胶 (ngaang$^6$ gaau$^1$)
* 腳膠 / 脚胶 (goek$^3$ gaau$^1$)
* 膠劇 / 胶剧 (gaau$^1$ kek$^6$)
* 自膠 / 自胶 (zi$^6$ gaau$^1$)
* 鐵膠 / 铁胶 (tit$^3$ gaau$^1$)

#### See also

* :o) (commonly associated with the term)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* glue
* isinglass

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: にかわ (nikawa, 膠)

#### Compounds

* 阿(あ)膠(きょう) (akyō)
* 希(き)突(とっ)起(き)膠(こう)細(さい)胞(ぼう) (kitokkikōsaibō): oligodendrocyte
* 魚(ぎょ)膠(こう) (gyokō)
* 膠(こう)化(か) (kōka)
* 膠(こう)原(げん)質(しつ) (kōgenshitsu)
* 膠(こう)原(げん)繊(せん)維(い) (kōgensen'i)
* 膠(こう)原(げん)病(びょう) (kōgenbyō)
* 膠(こう)砂(さ) (kōsa)
* 膠(こう)剤(ざい) (kōzai)
* 膠(こう)漆(しつ) (kōshitsu)
* 膠(こう)質(しつ) (kōshitsu)
* 膠(こう)州(しゅう)湾(わん) (Kōshūwan)
* 膠(こう)状(じょう) (kōjō)
* 膠(こう)着(ちゃく) (kōchaku)
* 膠(こう)柱(ちゅう) (kōchū)
* 膠(こう)泥(でい) (kōdei)
* 漆(しっ)膠(こう) (shikkō)
* 小(しょう)膠(こう)細(さい)胞(ぼう) (shōkōsaibō): microglia
* 神(しん)経(けい)膠(こう)細(さい)胞(ぼう) (shinkeikōsaibō): neuroglia
* 神(しん)経(けい)膠(こう)腫(しゅ) (shinkeikōshu): glioma
* 星(せい)状(じょう)膠(こう)細(さい)胞(ぼう) (seijōkōsaibō): astrocyte
* 鮸膠(にべ) (nibe), 鰾膠(にべ) (nibe)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 膠
* にかわ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From 煮(に) (ni, “boiling”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 煮(に)る (niru).) + 皮(かわ) (kawa, “skin”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にかわ [nìkáwá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɲ̟ika̠β̞a̠]

### Noun

膠(にかわ) • (nikawa)
* glue made from animal hide, tendons, and bone

#### Derived terms

* 膠(にかわ)下(した)地(じ) (nikawashitaji)
* 膠(にかわ)質(しつ) (nikawashitsu)
* 膠(にかわ)す (nikawasu): stay as if stuck to glue
* 膠(にかわ)付(づ)け (nikawazuke)
* 魚(うお)膠(にかわ) (uo-nikawa)
* 透(す)き膠(にかわ) (sukinikawa)
* 鰾(にべ)膠(にかわ) (nibenikawa)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

膠 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

膠: Hán Nôm readings: giao, keo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.