# 列

| 列 | U+5217, &#21015; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5217 |
| ← 刖 [U+5216] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 刘 → [U+5218] |
| 列 | U+F99C, &#63900; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99C |
| ← 鍊 [U+F99B] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 劣 → [U+F99D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

列 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一弓中弓 (MNLN), four-corner 1220$_0$, composition ⿰歹刂)

#### Derived characters

* 例, 冽, 𰄧, 咧, 𡊻, 𫰞, 峢, 𢂥, 㤡, 挒, 栵, 𣧿, 洌, 𣸠, 𤈘, 𤖺, 𤞊, 𭻎, 𥆁, 𥒂, 䅀, 𦀎, 𮉥, 蛚, 𮕠, 𧙷, 𧧋, 𰶓, 𨀺, 𨦙, 𩊡, 䮋, 𩶽, 𪗿, 𠞺, 𬆒
* 𰅅, 𠶘, 峛, 𪩤, 𬀰, 𥬭, 茢, 𰳨, 𩂶, 𭃖, 劽, 𭑔, 姴, 㡂, 𰐊, 㤠, 𭠧, 𭩶, 𬆓, 烈, 烮, 㽝, 𤳓, 𥁟, 𥅮, 𥞥, 𧊿, 𧒈, 𬠼, 裂, 銐, 𨾸, 𩢾, 𩧮, 鮤, 𫚓, 鴷, 䴕, 䶛
* 𧙩, 㾐, 𧍐, 𪙂, 趔, 迾, 颲, 𱃘

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 137, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1901
* Dae Jaweon: page 309, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 325, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5217
* Unihan data for U+F99C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 列 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 例 | *reds |
| 鮤 | *reds, *red |
| 栵 | *reds, *red |
| 洌 | *reds, *red |
| 銐 | *r'eds, *r̥ʰjeds |
| 峛 | *relʔ |
| 列 | *red |
| 裂 | *red |
| 烈 | *red |
| 冽 | *red |
| 迾 | *red |
| 蛚 | *red |
| 茢 | *red |
| 颲 | *red |
| 鴷 | *red |
| 挒 | *red |
| 姴 | *red |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 歹 (“skeletal remains”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to tear apart.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): liè (lie$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄝˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nie$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): liě
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): lie̊q
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ле (li͡ə, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lit$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): ngik$^8$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): let$^5$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): lit$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): liet$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lie̍t / la̍t
    (Hailu, HRS): lied$^ˋ$ / lad$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): liêd$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lieh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): liĕ
* Eastern Min (BUC): liĕk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): leh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lia̍t / le̍t / liat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): liag$^8$ / liêg$^8$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): lieg$^8$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): lyut$^5$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^8$liq
** (Jinhua): $^8$liq
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): lie$^6$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): le$^4$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): lie$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liè
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liè
*** Wade–Giles: lieh$^4$
*** Yale: lyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lieh
*** Palladius: ле (le)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nie$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lie
*** Sinological IPA : /niɛ²¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: liě
*** Sinological IPA : /liɛ²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: lie̊q
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): lieq$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lieʔ⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ле (li͡ə, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /liə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lit$^6$
*** Yale: liht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːt̚²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: ngik$^8$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɪk̚²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: let$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /let̚³²/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: lit$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lit̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: liet$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /liɛt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lie̍t / la̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: lied / lad
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liad$^6$ / lad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯et̚⁵/, /lat̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: lied$^ˋ$ / lad$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /liet²/, /lat²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: liêd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /liɛt̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /liəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: liĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /liɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: liĕk
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ieʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: leh$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: le̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /lɛʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: leh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɛʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: lia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liat
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Nan'an): /liɛt̚²³/
*** IPA (Changtai): /liɛt̚³/
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /liɛt̚¹⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Yongchun): /liɛt̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Hui'an)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍t
*** Tâi-lô: le̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: let
*** IPA (Hui'an): /let̚²³/
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liat
*** Tâi-lô: liat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liad
*** IPA (Longyan): /liɛt̚⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: liag$^8$ / liêg$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lia̍k / lie̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /liak̚⁴/, /liek̚⁴/
* liag8 - Shantou;
* liêg8 - Chaozhou.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit列 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /liɛ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /liɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /lie⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /liə²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /liə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /liɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /liɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /lɨ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /lie¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /liə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /liɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /nie²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /nie³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /nie²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /liɛ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /lieʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /liəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /liʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /liaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /liɪʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /liəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /liəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /li²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /le²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /liɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lie²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /nie²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /liɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /liet̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /liet̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lit̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /lit̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /lit̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liat̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lieʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /liɛ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /liak̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /lit̚³/ |
* Middle Chinese: ljet
Rime :
| Character | 列 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 薛 (81) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 良辥切 |
| Baxter | ljet |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lit$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][e]t/
    (Zhengzhang): /*red/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 列 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | liè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljet › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r][e]t/ |
| English | tear apart; rank |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 列 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8128 |
| Phonetic component | 列 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*red/ |

### Definitions

列
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to tear apart; to break up; to separate; to split
    See also: 裂
* a line of objects
* to list
* (Mainland China) column (in data tables)
    Synonym: 行 (háng) (Taiwan)
* (Taiwan) row (in data tables)
    Synonym: 行 (háng) (Mainland China)
* a surname
* (Mainland China) Short for 列寧／列宁 (Lièníng, “Lenin”).

### Compounds

* 一系列 (yīxìliè)
* 下列 (xiàliè)
* 上列 (shàngliè)
* 不列塔尼
* 並列 / 并列 (bìngliè)
* 以色列 (Yǐsèliè)
* 以色列國 / 以色列国 (Yǐsèlièguó)
* 入列 (rùliè)
* 出列 (chūliè)
* 分列 (fēnliè)
* 分列式 (fēnlièshì)
* 列仙
* 列位 (lièwèi)
* 列侯 (lièhóu)
* 列傳 / 列传 (lièzhuàn)
* 列入 (lièrù)
* 列冊 / 列册
* 列列
* 列印 (lièyìn)
* 列印機 / 列印机 (lièyìnjī)
* 列名
* 列吧 (lièbā)
* 列國 / 列国 (lièguó)
* 列土 (liètǔ)
* 列土分疆
* 列土分茅
* 列土封疆
* 列坐 (lièzuò)
* 列士
* 列女
* 列女傳 / 列女传
* 列子 (Lièzǐ)
* 列宿
* 列寧主義 / 列宁主义 (Lièníng zhǔyì)
* 列寧格勒 / 列宁格勒 (Liènínggélè)
* 列島 / 列岛 (lièdǎo)
* 列巴 (lièbā)
* 列布
* 列席 (lièxí)
* 列強 / 列强 (lièqiáng)
* 列支敦士登 (Lièzhīdūnshìdēng)
* 列日 (Lièrì)
* 列星 (lièxīng)
* 列當 / 列当
* 列眉
* 列祖列宗 (lièzǔlièzōng)
* 列管
* 列缺 (lièquē)
* 列翅
* 列聖 / 列圣 (lièshèng)
* 列肆
* 列舉 / 列举 (lièjǔ)
* 列表 (lièbiǎo)
* 列表機 / 列表机
* 列觀 / 列观
* 列車 / 列车 (lièchē)
* 列車員 / 列车员
* 列車長 / 列车长
* 列述 (lièshù)
* 列陣 / 列阵 (lièzhèn)
* 列隊 / 列队 (lièduì)
* 列鼎
* 列鼎而食
* 列鼎重裀
* 前列 (qiánliè)
* 前列腺 (qiánlièxiàn)
* 右列
* 同列 (tóngliè)
* 名列前茅 (mínglièqiánmáo)
* 名列榜首 (mínglièbǎngshǒu)
* 增列
* 大不列顛 / 大不列颠 (Dàbùlièdiān)
* 大列吧 (dàlièbā)
* 大列巴 (dàlièbā)
* 對列 / 对列
* 對號列車 / 对号列车
* 嵊泗列島 / 嵊泗列岛
* 左列
* 布列 (bùliè)
* 平列 (píngliè)
* 并列關係 / 并列关系
* 序列 (xùliè)
* 忝列門牆 / 忝列门墙
* 戶列簪纓 / 户列簪缨
* 排列 (páiliè)
* 排列組合 / 排列组合
* 擺列 / 摆列 (bǎiliè)
* 數列 / 数列 (shùliè)
* 新不列顛 / 新不列颠
* 明格列爾 / 明格列尔 (Mínggéliè'ěr)
* 星光列車 / 星光列车
* 條列 / 条列
* 橫列 / 横列
* 泛音列 (fànyīnliè)
* 混合齒列 / 混合齿列
* 漏列
* 班列
* 環列 / 环列
* 系列 (xìliè)
* 系列片 (xìlièpiàn)
* 編列 / 编列 (biānliè)
* 羅列 / 罗列 (luóliè)
* 臚列 / 胪列 (lúliè)
* 菲列牛排
* 虎列拉 (hǔlièlā)
* 行兵列陣 / 行兵列阵
* 行列 (hángliè)
* 行列式 (hánglièshì)
* 論列 / 论列
* 論列是非 / 论列是非
* 部列
* 重裀列鼎
* 銓列 / 铨列
* 鋪錦列繡 / 铺锦列绣
* 開列 / 开列 (kāiliè)
* 降冪排列 / 降幂排列
* 陳列 / 陈列 (chénliè)
* 陳列所 / 陈列所 (chénlièsuǒ)
* 陳力就列 / 陈力就列
* 隊伍行列 / 队伍行列
* 隊列 / 队列 (duìliè)
* 馬列主義 / 马列主义 (Mǎlièzhǔyì)
* 鳴鐘列鼎 / 鸣钟列鼎
* 鶴列 / 鹤列
* 齒列 / 齿列

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: れち (rechi)
* Kan-on: れつ (retsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: ならぶ (narabu, 列ぶ)、ならべる (naraberu, 列る)、つらねる (tsuraneru, 列ねる)、つらなる (tsuranaru, 列なる)

#### Compounds

* 行(ぎょう)列(れつ) (gyōretsu): matrix; line; queue; procession
* 配(はい)列(れつ) (hairetsu): arrangement; array; sequence
* 系(けい)列(れつ) (keiretsu): series; Japanese conglomerate
* 列(れっ)車(しゃ) (ressha): (rail transport) train
* 貨(か)物(もつ)列(れっ)車(しゃ) (kamotsu-ressha): freight train
* 列(れっ)島(とう) (rettō): archipelago
* 千(ち)島(しま)列(れっ)島(とう) (Chishima-rettō): Kuril Islands
* Kanji in this term
* 列
* れつ Grade: 3
* on'yomi

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 列 (ljet).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) れつ [réꜜtsù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɾe̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

列(れつ) • (retsu)
* line, row
* (mathematics) a column of a matrix

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

列 (eumhun 줄 렬 (jul ryeol), word-initial (South Korea) 줄 열 (jul yeol))
* hanja form of 렬/열 (“line, row”)

#### Compounds

* 열차 (列車, yeolcha, “train”)
* 열강 (列强/列強, yeolgang, “great power (powerful state)”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

列: Hán Việt readings: liệt
列: Nôm readings: rét, sét, lít, lướt, rịt, liếc, liệt, lét, lượt, rật, rết, rớt, rụt, sít, sắt, sệt, lệch, loẹt, riệt, rít, rệt, lịt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 4 Hồ (1976).