OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# pirang
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* perang

### Etymology

Inherited from Malay pérang (“brown”), possibly from Persian افرنگ (“Frank, any white European”), from Old French franc. Doublet of Prancis (“French”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpiraŋ]
* Hyphenation: pi‧rang

### Adjective

pirang
* blond, of a pale yellowish (golden brown) color
    pirang:

#### Synonyms

* merah kecoklatan
* merah kekuningan

### Further reading

* “pirang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *piraŋ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [piˈɾãŋ]
* Rhymes: -ãŋ
* Hyphenation: pi‧rang

### Adjective

pirang (noun form piranga)
* red

#### Derived terms

* mopirang
* obapirang
* obapiranga
* piranga

#### See also

Colors in Old Tupi (layout · text) :
| Nouns | piranga | îuba, tagûá (LGA) | oby | obyeté | *umbyka | morotinga, tinga | una, pyxuna (LGA) | tingaíba, pytanga / pyxanga |
| Adjectives | pirang | îub, tagûá (LGA) | oby | obyeté | *umbyk | moroting, ting | un, pyxun (LGA) | tingaíb, pytang / pyxang |

### References

* ↑ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (2000 March 17) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais‎ (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC

### Further reading

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “piranga”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 386, columns 1–2
# dogfly
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English dogflye, dogge flie, equivalent to dog +‎ fly, chiefly after post-classical Latin cynomyia and its etymon Ancient Greek κυνάμυια (kunámuia) (in Hellenistic Greek κυνόμυια (kunómuia)). Compare Old English hundes lūs.

### Noun

dogfly (plural dogflies)
* A bloodsucking fly, Stomoxys calcitrans; stablefly.
** 1612, The Ecclesiasticall History of Theodoret Bishop of Cyrus, page 196:And behoulding a great multitude of the enemies, he wiſhed them no other harme, but only that ſwarmes of gnats and dogflies might be ſent among them, that feeling the ſtinges of thoſe ſmall creatures, they might acknowledg the power of him that aided the Romanes. When this petition was made vnto God, preſently whole cloudes of gnats and dogflies couered the Perſiã army, […].
** 1961, Annual Report, State Board of Health, State of Florida, 1961, page 3:Discussed with Chairman of the Legislative Committee of the Florida Anti-Mosquito Association support of the group for additional funds for the mosquito control program of the State Board of Health and another research laboratory on dogflies.
** 1969, Wesley Marx, The Frail Ocean, New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, pages 63–64:Dogflies were pestering the Pensacola beach trade, and beach crews were mobilized to disinfect the clumps of washed-up seaweed in which the dogflies lived.

### References

* ↑ “dogfly”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
# nàng
## Mandarin
### Alternative forms

* nang — nonstandard
* nàŋ — very rare shorthand

### Romanization

nàng (nang$^4$, Zhuyin ㄋㄤˋ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 儾
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 齉
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㒄

## Rawang
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɑŋ˧˩/

### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* vnàng

#### Adjective

nàng
* light (weight).

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* vnàng

#### Noun

nàng
* corpse.

## Tày
### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [naːŋ˧˨]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [naːŋ˩]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *naːŋᴬ (“lady”), from Middle Chinese 娘 (MC nrjang, “young woman”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨶᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ນາງ (nāng), Lü ᦓᦱᧂ (naang), Tai Dam ꪙꪱꪉ, Shan ၼၢင်း (náang), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥒᥰ (läang) or ᥢᥣᥒᥰ (näang), Aiton ꩫင် (naṅ), Ahom 𑜃𑜂𑜫 (naṅ), Thai นาง (naang). Cognate via Middle Chinese: Old Khmer នាង (nāṅa, nāṅ°), nâ, nõ (“courtesy title for females”), Khmer នាង (niəng), Vietnamese nàng, Burmese နန်း (nan:).

#### Noun

nàng (娘)
* (polite) an admirable and lovable young woman
    经史娘諸買保林Kinh sử nàng chứ mại bấu lùm(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Pronoun

nàng (娘)
* (polite) you, a beloved woman
* (polite) she/her, that admirable or lovable young woman

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

nàng
* tree that's about to bloom
    cuổi nàng ― a banana tree about to flower

### References

* ↑ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (PhD)‎, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University.
* Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 娘 (“lady”, SV: nương). Compare Thai นาง (naang). Doublet of nường.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [naːŋ˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [naːŋ˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [naːŋ˨˩]

### Noun

nàng
* (chiefly fiction, endearing) an admirable/lovable young/young adult woman
    nàng tiên cá ― the Little Mermaid
    (humorous) cô nàng ― a lass; a wench

### Pronoun

nàng
* (now literary or humorous) pronoun used to refer to a beloved or admirable woman
    Antonym: chàng
** 1983, Homer, translated by Phan Thị Miến, Ô-đi-xê [The Odyssey]:Người trở về chỗ cũ, ngồi đối diện với Pê-nê-lốp, trên chiếc ghế bành ban nãy, rồi nói với nàng : — Khốn khổ ! Hẳn là các vị thần trên núi Ô-lem-pơ đã ban cho nàng một trái tim sắt đá hơn ai hết trong đám đàn bà yếu đuối, […]He returned to his seat, facing Penelope, on that bench, and told her: — For goodness’ sake! The Olympians must have granted you the hardest heart among the frail women, […]

### See also

* nàng thơ
* nàng tiên
* nghề của nàng
* thiếp
* chàng

### Anagrams

* ngàn
# 割稻
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gēdào
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜ ㄉㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): got$^3$ dou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gēdào
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ ㄉㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gedào
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^1$-tao$^4$
*** Yale: gē-dàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gedaw
*** Palladius: гэдао (gɛdao)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: got$^3$ dou$^6$
*** Yale: got douh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: got$^8$ dou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: god$^3$ dou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːt̚³ tou̯²²/

### Verb

割⫽稻 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to harvest rice crop

#### Synonyms

* (dialectal) 割稻子
* (Northern Wu) 斫稻
* (Hokkien) 割粙
# pita lebar
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pita +‎ lebar.

### Noun

pita lebar (plural pita-pita lebar)
* bandwidth: the rate of data flow in digital networks typically measured in bits per second; the bitrate
* wideband: a communications transmission rate between that of narrowband and broadband
    Synonym: jalur lebar (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “pita lebar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# জীবনাবসান
## Bengali
### Etymology

By Sanskritic tatpuruṣa compound of জীবন (jibon) +‎ অবসান (obśan).

### Noun

জীবনাবসান • (jibnabśan)
* (euphemistic) death
# Kakskerta
## Finnish
### Etymology

kaks- (“two”) +‎ kerta (“layer”), because of the island's "two-part" shape (with a lake in the middle).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑksˌkertɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝ks̠ˌk̟e̞rt̪ɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ertɑ
* Hyphenation: Kaks‧kerta

### Proper noun

Kakskerta
* A former municipality in Finland, merged with Turku in 1968.
* The island on which this municipality was located.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of Kakskerta (Kotus type 9*K/kala, rt-rr gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Kakskertani
accusative
nom.
Kakskertani
gen.
Kakskertani
genitive
Kakskertani
partitive
Kakskertaani
inessive
Kakskerrassani
elative
Kakskerrastani
illative
Kakskertaani
adessive
Kakskerrallani
ablative
Kakskerraltani
allative
Kakskerralleni
essive
Kakskertanani
translative
Kakskerrakseni
abessive
Kakskerrattani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Kakskertasi
accusative
nom.
Kakskertasi
gen.
Kakskertasi
genitive
Kakskertasi
partitive
Kakskertaasi
inessive
Kakskerrassasi
elative
Kakskerrastasi
illative
Kakskertaasi
adessive
Kakskerrallasi
ablative
Kakskerraltasi
allative
Kakskerrallesi
essive
Kakskertanasi
translative
Kakskerraksesi
abessive
Kakskerrattasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Kakskertamme
accusative
nom.
Kakskertamme
gen.
Kakskertamme
genitive
Kakskertamme
partitive
Kakskertaamme
inessive
Kakskerrassamme
elative
Kakskerrastamme
illative
Kakskertaamme
adessive
Kakskerrallamme
ablative
Kakskerraltamme
allative
Kakskerrallemme
essive
Kakskertanamme
translative
Kakskerraksemme
abessive
Kakskerrattamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Kakskertanne
accusative
nom.
Kakskertanne
gen.
Kakskertanne
genitive
Kakskertanne
partitive
Kakskertaanne
inessive
Kakskerrassanne
elative
Kakskerrastanne
illative
Kakskertaanne
adessive
Kakskerrallanne
ablative
Kakskerraltanne
allative
Kakskerrallenne
essive
Kakskertananne
translative
Kakskerraksenne
abessive
Kakskerrattanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Kakskertansa
accusative
nom.
Kakskertansa
gen.
Kakskertansa
genitive
Kakskertansa
partitive
Kakskertaansa
inessive
Kakskerrassaan Kakskerrassansa
elative
Kakskerrastaan Kakskerrastansa
illative
Kakskertaansa
adessive
Kakskerrallaan Kakskerrallansa
ablative
Kakskerraltaan Kakskerraltansa
allative
Kakskerralleen Kakskerrallensa
essive
Kakskertanaan Kakskertanansa
translative
Kakskerrakseen Kakskerraksensa
abessive
Kakskerrattaan Kakskerrattansa
instructive
comitative

### References

* ↑ Sirkka Paikkala, editor (2007), Suomalainen paikannimikirja [The Book of Finnish Place Names] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Karttakeskus, Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus, →ISBN
# mencuri
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* nyuri (colloquial)

### Etymology

Affixation of meng- +‎ curi.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /mənˈt͡ʃuri/ [mənˈt͡ʃu.ri]
* Rhymes: -uri
* Syllabification: men‧cu‧ri

### Verb

mencuri (transitive)
* to steal

#### Derived terms

* mencuri bongkar
* mencuri dengar
* mencuri hati
* mencuri pandang
* mencuri panggung
* mencuri perhatian
* mencuri waktu

### Further reading

* “mencuri” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# অবসান
## Bengali
### Noun

অবসান • (obśan)
* end
# PKL
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peˈkaɛl/

### Noun

PKL (uncountable)
* (education) Initialism of praktik kerja lapangan.
* (business) Initialism of pedagang kaki lima (“hawker, street vendor”).
# Nodosauridae
## Translingual
### Etymology

From †Nodosaurus +‎ -idae

### Proper noun

†Nodosauridae
* A taxonomic family within the order †Ornithischia – certain ankylosaurian dinosaurs, known from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous periods in what is now Asia, Europe, North America, and possibly South America.

#### Descendants

* → English: nodosaurid
* → English: nodosaur

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Deuterostomia – infrakingdom; Chordata – phylum; Vertebrata – subphylum; Gnathostomata – infraphylum; Tetrapoda – superclass; Reptilia – class; Eureptilia, Romeriida – clades; Diapsida – subclass; Archosauromorpha – infraclass; Archosauria – division; Ornithodira – subsection; Dinosauria – superorder; †Ornithischia – order; †Ankylosauria – suborder

### References

* Nodosauridae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Nodosauridae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Nodosauridae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# sidrería
## Asturian
### Noun

sidrería f (plural sidreríes)
* cidery
* cider bar, cider house

## Spanish
### Etymology

From sidra +‎ -ería.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sidɾeˈɾia/ [si.ð̞ɾeˈɾi.a]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Syllabification: si‧dre‧rí‧a

### Noun

sidrería f (plural sidrerías)
* cidery (place where cider is brewed)
* pub or bar where cider is sold; a cider house

### Further reading

* “sidrería”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Almohad
## English
### Adjective

Almohad (not comparable)
* Of or relating to a Berber caliphate in 12th century Morocco.

#### Translations
### Noun

Almohad (plural Almohads)
* A member of the Almohads.

#### Translations
### Synonyms

* Muwahhid
# cut-in
## English
### Etymology

Deverbal from cut in.

### Noun

cut-in (plural cut-ins)
* (broadcasting) A section of film or audio inserted into another sequence.
** 1916, Carl Charlton, How to Write Photoplays, page 23:Inasmuch as leaders and cut-ins use up film a foot to a word, they should be resorted to only when absolutely necessary. For the producer has sufficient expense in his company and plant, without adding to it in film for cut-ins and leaders.
* (video games, by extension) A visual sequence focusing on a character's face or body while they perform a special move.
* The situation where the performer of a musical work receives royalties for each performance, despite not having composed it.
** 2012, Gary Rosen, Unfair to Genius: The Strange and Litigious Career of Ira B. Arnstein, page 138:"My collaborators are having their convention in Cleveland this week," was the rueful joke among real songwriters who were seeing their royalties diluted by cut-ins.
** 1994, Kerry Segrave, Payola in the Music Industry: A History, 1880-1991, page 21:One group was understandably upset by all the royalty cut-ins — the songwriters.

### Anagrams

* incut, tunic
# Chernobylic
## English
### Etymology

From Chernobyl +‎ -ic.

### Adjective

Chernobylic (comparative more Chernobylic, superlative most Chernobylic)
* Of, or like the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster or its aftermath.
** 2001 May 15, Michael Graham, “My Grandpa, the Nazi”, in Clinton & Me, Grand Central Publishing, →ISBN:Now, my grandpa knows Nazis. he saw quite a few of them in World War II―mostly down the barrel of a rifle. Listening to the Chernobylic reaction to Pat Buchanan coming from the media mainstream, Grandpa has begun to wonder if the panzers aren’t pushing toward our borders at this very minute.
** 2009 February 24, Tim Lilburn, “Iamblichus to Porphyry”, in Orphic Politics, McClelland & Stewart, →ISBN, page 31:[l]ike a foam-shirted Lucifer slicking chernobylic through fat rolls of flame…
** 2012 June 30, Nicholas Coleridge, The Fashion Conspiracy, Random House, →ISBN:In a restaurant, she is formidable enough, diverting waiters from neighbouring tables to fetch her drinks or grumbling loudly about the freshness of the bread; in the back of a taxi she is overpowering, swaddled in an ankle-length fur coat and trailing a Chernobylic cloud of designer scent.
** 2017 March 14, Kim Stanley Robinson, New York 2140, Obit, →ISBN:The people in that newly abandoned region are left to cope with their new rust belt status, abandoned as they are to fates ranging from touristic simulacrum to Chernobylic calm.
** 2025 March 18, Gene Weingarten, “The Washington Post Canceled Me for Currygate. Jeff Bezos Was My Unlikely Savior.”, in Mother Jones‎ (blog), Media:The recent pattern of Chernobylic meltdowns at the Washington Post has been stupefying, a display of serial journalistic malpractice by a senior management beholden to the whims and ruthlessness of its billionaire owner—the man who turned Amazon into a retail behemoth while pushing his prole workers so hard that the drivers began peeing into bottles to meet draconian delivery quotas.
# planing
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpleɪnɪŋ/
* Homophone: plaining

### Verb

planing
* present participle and gerund of plane

### Noun

planing (plural planings)
* The act by which something is planed.
** 1996, James N. McKean, Mary Vanclay, Common Sense Instrument Care, page 44:The length of time between planings can be anywhere from one year to several, depending on the density of the wood, the amount you play, and the abrasiveness of your perspiration.
* (music) parallel harmony

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English planning.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpla.nɪŋ]
* Hyphenation: pla‧ning

### Noun

planing (plural planing-planing)
* (colloquial) plan, planning
    Synonyms: rencana, perencanaan

### Further reading

* “planing” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English planning.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈplanin/ [ˈpla.nĩn]
* Rhymes: -anin

### Noun

planing m (plural planings)
* plan, planning
* timetable, schedule

#### Usage notes

* This spelling occurs in practice, but does not conform the RAE orthography, according to which the word should either conserve the original spelling and be written in italics or quotation marks, or be adapted into the Spanish spelling: the suffix -ing should be changed to -in.
# liingu
## Fula
### Alternative forms

* 𞤤𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤺𞤵
* lingu
* liinga

### Etymology

From Proto-Fula-Serer *li(ɓ), whence also Serer liɓ. Cognate with Baga Pokur ɛ-lì.

### Noun

liingu nde (plural liɗɗi ɗi)
* fish

#### Usage notes

* Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
* An alternative plural is liƴƴi.

#### Related terms

* liingel
* liingal

### References

* Mukoshy, Ibrahim A. (2014) A Fulfulde-English Dictionary, Ibadan, Nigeria: HEBN Publishers Plc, →ISBN
* M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.
* D. Osborn, D. Dwyer, and J. Donohoe, A Fulfulde (Maasina)-English-French Lexicon: A Root-Based Compilation Drawn from Extant Sources Followed by English-Fulfulde and French-Fulfulde Listings, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1993.
* F.W. Taylor, Fulani-English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1932. (New York:Hippocrene Books, 2005)
* Tourneux, Henry, Daïrou, Yaya (1999) Dictionnaire peul de l’agriculture et de la nature (Diamaré, Cameroun), suivi d’un index français-fulfulde‎ (in French), page 276
* G.V. Zubko, Kamuusu Pular (Fulfulde)-Riisinkoore-Faransinkoore, "Riisinkoore" 1980
* ↑ Konstantin Pozdniakov (2022) Proto-Fula–Sereer: Lexicon, morphophonology, and noun classes (Niger-Congo Compartative Studies), volume 3, Berlin, Germany: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 139
# ὑπαρχοίμεθα
## Ancient Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hy.par.kʰǒi̯.me.tʰa/ → /y.parˈçy.me.θa/ → /i.parˈçi.me.θa/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /hy.par.kʰǒi̯.me.tʰa/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /(h)y.parˈkʰy.me.tʰa/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /y.parˈçy.me.θa/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /y.parˈçy.me.θa/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /i.parˈçi.me.θa/

### Verb

ὑπαρχοίμεθα • (huparkhoímetha)
* first-person plural present mediopassive optative of ὑπάρχω (hupárkhō)
# cut-in
## English
### Etymology

Deverbal from cut in.

### Noun

cut-in (plural cut-ins)
* (broadcasting) A section of film or audio inserted into another sequence.
** 1916, Carl Charlton, How to Write Photoplays, page 23:Inasmuch as leaders and cut-ins use up film a foot to a word, they should be resorted to only when absolutely necessary. For the producer has sufficient expense in his company and plant, without adding to it in film for cut-ins and leaders.
* (video games, by extension) A visual sequence focusing on a character's face or body while they perform a special move.
* The situation where the performer of a musical work receives royalties for each performance, despite not having composed it.
** 2012, Gary Rosen, Unfair to Genius: The Strange and Litigious Career of Ira B. Arnstein, page 138:"My collaborators are having their convention in Cleveland this week," was the rueful joke among real songwriters who were seeing their royalties diluted by cut-ins.
** 1994, Kerry Segrave, Payola in the Music Industry: A History, 1880-1991, page 21:One group was understandably upset by all the royalty cut-ins — the songwriters.
* An instance of pulling in front of another vehicle in traffic.

### Anagrams

* incut, tunic
# zojnore
## Albanian
### Noun

zojnore f
* woman/mistress of the house

### Further reading

* Newmark, L. (1999) “zojnore”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary
# predeterminative
## English
### Adjective

predeterminative (not comparable)
* Of or relating to predetermination.

### Noun

predeterminative (plural predeterminatives)
* (grammar) Synonym of predeterminer
# 𥄂

| 𥄂 | U+25102, &#151810; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-25102 |
| ← 𥄁 [U+25101] | CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B | 𥄃 → [U+25103] |

## Translingual
### Han character

𥄂 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+3, 8 strokes, composition ⿱𥃭一)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 800, character 12
* Unihan data for U+25102

## Chinese
### Etymology

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# liingu
## Fula
### Alternative forms

* 𞤤𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤺𞤵
* lingu
* liinga

### Etymology

From Proto-Fula-Serer *li(ɓ), whence also Serer liɓ. Cognate with Baga Pokur ɛ-lì.

### Noun

liingu ngu (plural liɗɗi ɗi)
* fish

#### Usage notes

* Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
* An alternative plural is liƴƴi.

#### Related terms

* liingel
* liingal

### References

* Mukoshy, Ibrahim A. (2014) A Fulfulde-English Dictionary, Ibadan, Nigeria: HEBN Publishers Plc, →ISBN
* M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.
* D. Osborn, D. Dwyer, and J. Donohoe, A Fulfulde (Maasina)-English-French Lexicon: A Root-Based Compilation Drawn from Extant Sources Followed by English-Fulfulde and French-Fulfulde Listings, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1993.
* F.W. Taylor, Fulani-English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1932. (New York:Hippocrene Books, 2005)
* Tourneux, Henry, Daïrou, Yaya (1999) Dictionnaire peul de l’agriculture et de la nature (Diamaré, Cameroun), suivi d’un index français-fulfulde‎ (in French), page 276
* G.V. Zubko, Kamuusu Pular (Fulfulde)-Riisinkoore-Faransinkoore, "Riisinkoore" 1980
* ↑ Konstantin Pozdniakov (2022) Proto-Fula–Sereer: Lexicon, morphophonology, and noun classes (Niger-Congo Compartative Studies), volume 3, Berlin, Germany: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 139