# buail
## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish búailid (“beats, strikes, assaults; knocks (on); strikes, coins (money); stamps, impresses (a seal)”, verb). See buille (“blow, stroke”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bˠuəlʲ/
* (Ulster, dated) IPA: /bˠiːlʲ/ (as if spelled baoil)
* (rapid speech) IPA: /bˠɔlʲ/

### Verb

buail (present analytic buaileann, future analytic buailfidh, verbal noun bualadh, past participle buailte)
* (ambitransitive) strike, hit, beat
    An té a bhuailtear sa cheann bíonn eagla air. ― A burnt child dreads the fire. (literally, “He who gets hit in the head has fear.”)
* defeat, beat
* strike out, make one's way, proceed
** 1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 196:Do bhuail sé an cé isteach agus bhí Máire Bhán agus a leanbhín álainn roimis agus sceitimíní uirthi ag fáiltiughadh roimis.He made his way onto the quay, and Máire Bhán and her beautiful little child were waiting for him, and welcomed him excitedly.
* to clap (one's hands)
* to mint (coins)

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | bualadh | bualadh | bualadh | bualadh | bualadh | bualadh | bualadh | bualadh |
| past participle | buailte | buailte | buailte | buailte | buailte | buailte | buailte | buailte |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | buailim | buaileann tú; buailir$^†$ | buaileann sé, sí | buailimid | buaileann sibh | buaileann siad; buailid$^†$ | a bhuaileann; a bhuaileas / a mbuaileann* | buailtear |
| past | bhuail mé; bhuaileas | bhuail tú; bhuailis | bhuail sé, sí | bhuaileamar; bhuail muid | bhuail sibh; bhuaileabhair | bhuail siad; bhuaileadar | a bhuail / ar bhuail* | buaileadh |
| past habitual | bhuailinn / mbuailinn‡‡ | bhuailteá / mbuailteá‡‡ | bhuaileadh sé, sí / mbuaileadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhuailimis; bhuaileadh muid / mbuailimis‡‡; mbuaileadh muid‡‡ | bhuaileadh sibh / mbuaileadh sibh‡‡ | bhuailidís; bhuaileadh siad / mbuailidís‡‡; mbuaileadh siad‡‡ | a bhuaileadh / a mbuaileadh* | bhuailtí / mbuailtí‡‡ |
| future | buailfidh mé; buailfead | buailfidh tú; buailfir$^†$ | buailfidh sé, sí | buailfimid; buailfidh muid | buailfidh sibh | buailfidh siad; buailfid$^†$ | a bhuailfidh; a bhuailfeas / a mbuailfidh* | buailfear |
| conditional | bhuailfinn / mbuailfinn‡‡ | bhuailfeá / mbuailfeá‡‡ | bhuailfeadh sé, sí / mbuailfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhuailfimis; bhuailfeadh muid / mbuailfimis‡‡; mbuailfeadh muid‡‡ | bhuailfeadh sibh / mbuailfeadh sibh‡‡ | bhuailfidís; bhuailfeadh siad / mbuailfidís‡‡; mbuailfeadh siad‡‡ | a bhuailfeadh / a mbuailfeadh* | bhuailfí / mbuailfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go mbuaile mé; go mbuailead$^†$ | go mbuaile tú; go mbuailir$^†$ | go mbuaile sé, sí | go mbuailimid; go mbuaile muid | go mbuaile sibh | go mbuaile siad; go mbuailid$^†$ | — | go mbuailtear |
| past | dá mbuailinn | dá mbuailteá | dá mbuaileadh sé, sí | dá mbuailimis; dá mbuaileadh muid | dá mbuaileadh sibh | dá mbuailidís; dá mbuaileadh siad | — | dá mbuailtí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | buailim | buail | buaileadh sé, sí | buailimis | buailigí; buailidh$^†$ | buailidís | — | buailtear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

#### Derived terms

* buail amach
* buail aníos
* buail anuas
* buail ar
* buail chuig
* buail faoi
* buail le
* buail roimh
* buail síos
* buail suas
* buail um
* clóbhuail
* frithbhuail

#### Descendants

* →⇒ Yola: booleyin

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “búailid, búalaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* “buail”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “buailim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 95
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “buail”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish búalaid. See buille (“blow, stroke”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpuɪl/

### Verb

buail (past bhuail, future buailidh, verbal noun bualadh, past participle buailte)
* strike, hit, bang, beat, smite, knock, pelt, rap, thrust, thump
* thrash, thresh (corn)
* coin

#### Derived terms

* buail air
* buail an ceann

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈbɨ.ai̯l/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈbi.ai̯l/

### Noun

buail m pl
* plural of bual

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.