# 剝

| 剝 | U+525D, &#21085; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-525D |
| ← 剜 [U+525C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 剞 → [U+525E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

剝 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女水中弓 (VELN), four-corner 2210$_0$, composition ⿰彔刂)

#### Derived characters

* 𠺣, 𰹡, 𭄄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 141, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2049
* Dae Jaweon: page 321, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 346, character 4
* Unihan data for U+525D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 剝 | *proːɡ |
| 龣 | *kroːɡ, *roːɡ |
| 祿 | *roːɡ |
| 淥 | *roːɡ, *roɡ |
| 睩 | *roːɡ |
| 琭 | *roːɡ |
| 箓 | *roːɡ |
| 碌 | *roːɡ, *roɡ |
| 盝 | *roːɡ |
| 娽 | *roːɡ, *roɡ |
| 彔 | *b·roːɡ |
| 趢 | *roːɡ, *roɡ |
| 簶 | *roːɡ |
| 綠 | *roɡ |
| 逯 | *roɡ |
| 錄 | *roɡ |
| 醁 | *roɡ |
| 騄 | *roɡ |
| 菉 | *roɡ |
| 籙 | *roɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *proːɡ): phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bō, bāo (bo$^1$, bao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ, ㄅㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mok$^1$ / bok$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pok
    (Hailu, HRS): bog
* Eastern Min (BUC): buóh / báuk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pak / pok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bag$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^7$poq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, literary in Mainland, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bō
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bo
*** Wade–Giles: po$^1$
*** Yale: bwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, vernacular in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bao
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^1$
*** Yale: bāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bau
*** Palladius: бао (bao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mok$^1$ / bok$^1$
*** Yale: mōk / bōk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mok$^7$ / bok$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mog$^1$ / bog$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːk̚⁵/, /pɔːk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pok
*** Hakka Romanization System: bog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pok̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bog
*** Sinological IPA: /pok⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: buóh / báuk
*** Sinological IPA : /puɔʔ²⁴/, /pɑuʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak / pok
*** Tâi-lô: pak / pok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pag, pog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pak̚³²/, /pɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚⁵/, /pɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚³²/, /pɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pak̚³²/, /pɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²/, /pɔk̚³²/
* pak - vernacular (“to peel; to take off; to snatch”);
* pok - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit剝 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pɑu⁵⁵/ /po⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pɤ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pɑu²¹/ /po²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pə²¹³/ /pa²¹³/ ～皮 |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pa⁵⁵/ ～皮 /pə⁵⁵/ ～削 |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /po²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /po²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /puə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /po²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /po³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /po²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /po³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /poʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /paʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /pʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /paʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /poʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /poʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /poʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /po²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pɔʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /po⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /po²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /po²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pɔʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pok̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pok̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɔk̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pɔk̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pɔk̚⁵/ /mɔk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pak̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pɔuʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pɔ²⁴/ /pu²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pak̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbak̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: paewk
Rime :
| Character | 剝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 北角切 |
| Baxter | paewk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[p]ˤrok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*proːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 剝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bō |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pæwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[p]ˁrok/ (~ *mə-pˁrok) |
| English | flay, peel |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 剝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8539 |
| Phonetic component | 录 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 剥 |
| Old Chinese | /*proːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

剝
* (Classical) to cut apart, split
* to peel; to skin; to shell
* (of skin, paint, etc.) to fall off; to erode; to come off
* (Cantonese, Hakka, Zhongshan Min) to take off (clothes)
* (Hokkien) to take off; to remove; to take down (something attached to something else)
    剝目鏡／剥目镜 [Hokkien] ― pak ba̍k-kiàⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to take off one's eyeglasses
    剝手指／剥手指 [Hokkien] ― pak chhiú-chí [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to take off one's ring
* (Classical) exposed, without cover; naked
* (now in compounds) to strip; to deprive; to exploit
** (Hokkien) to snatch; to take away by force; to rob; to mug
** (Classical, government) to strip someone of (a position) i.e. to fire someone
** (figurative) to rip off, plagiarize
* twenty-third hexagram "Splitting Apart" of the I Ching, represented by the symbol ䷖
* (Classical) to decline, diminish
* Used in onomatopoeias.

#### Usage notes

Use 剝／剥 (bō) for peeling something with one's hands, like a tangerine. Use 削 (xiāo) for peeling something with a knife or peeler, like a potato.

##### Synonyms

* (to take off):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 脫, 褪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 脫, 褪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 脫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 脫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 脫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 脫 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 脫, 褪 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 脫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 脫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 脫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 脫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 脫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 脫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 脫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 脫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 脫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 脫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 脫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 脫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 脫, 褪, 解 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 脫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 脫, 褪 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 脫, 褪 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 除, 脫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 除, 剝, 解 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 脫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 除, 脫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 除 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 除, 剝 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 脫 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 脫 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 脫 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 脫, 除 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 褪 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 除 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 脫 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 脫 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 推, 剝, 脫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 脫 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 剝 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 剝 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 剝 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 剝 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 脫 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 脫 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 脫, 褪 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 脫 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 脫 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 褪 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 褪 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 褪 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 褪 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 褪 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 褪 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 褪 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 褪 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 脫 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 解 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 褪 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 脫 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 脫 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 脫 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 剝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 剝 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 脫 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 脫 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 脫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 脫, 褪 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 脫 |
| Wu | Danyang | 脫 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 脫 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 脫 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 脫 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 脫, 褪 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 脫 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 脫 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 脫 |

#### Compounds

* 乾剝剝 / 干剥剥
* 侵剝百端 / 侵剥百端
* 凍剝剝 / 冻剥剥
* 刳剝 / 刳剥
* 刻剝 / 刻剥
* 剋剝 / 克剥
* 剝一層皮 / 剥一层皮
* 剝光豬 / 剥光猪 (bōguāngzhū)
* 剝削 / 剥削 (bōxuē)
* 剝削小民 / 剥削小民
* 剝削者 / 剥削者 (bōxuēzhě)
* 剝剝 / 剥剥
* 剝剝啄啄 / 剥剥啄啄
* 剝啄 / 剥啄 (bōzhuó)
* 剝奪 / 剥夺 (bōduó)
* 剝挽 / 剥挽
* 剝極必復 / 剥极必复
* 剝牙 / 剥牙
* 剝痛瘡 / 剥痛疮
* 剝皮 / 剥皮
* 剝皮剉骨 / 剥皮剉骨
* 剝皮剔骨 / 剥皮剔骨
* 剝皮抽筋 / 剥皮抽筋
* 剝盡 / 剥尽
* 剝脫 / 剥脱
* 剝膚 / 剥肤
* 剝膚椎髓 / 剥肤椎髓
* 剝膚錐髓 / 剥肤锥髓
* 剝船 / 剥船
* 剝落 / 剥落 (bōluò)
* 剝落斑殘 / 剥落斑残
* 剝蝕 / 剥蚀 (bōshí)
* 剝蝕作用 / 剥蚀作用
* 剝衫 / 剥衫
* 剝離 / 剥离 (bōlí)
* 剝離作用 / 剥离作用
* 剝面皮 / 剥面皮
* 割剝 / 割剥
* 剽剝 / 剽剥
* 否剝 / 否剥
* 吞剝 / 吞剥 (tūnbō)
* 嗶剝 / 哔剥
* 嗶嗶剝剝 / 哔哔剥剥
* 團剝 / 团剥
* 圮剝 / 圮剥
* 屯剝 / 屯剥
* 彈剝 / 弹剥
* 必剝 / 必剥
* 必必剝剝 / 必必剥剥
* 抽剝 / 抽剥 (chōubō)
* 抽筋剝皮 / 抽筋剥皮
* 抽絲剝繭 / 抽丝剥茧 (chōusībōjiǎn)
* 摧剝 / 摧剥
* 斑剝 / 斑剥
* 沒彈剝 / 没弹剥
* 洗剝 / 洗剥
* 活剝生吞 / 活剥生吞
* 環狀剝皮 / 环状剥皮
* 生吞活剝 / 生吞活剥 (shēngtūnhuóbō)
* 畢畢剝剝 / 毕毕剥剥
* 盤剝 / 盘剥 (pánbō)
* 網膜剝離 / 网膜剥离
* 老剝皮 / 老剥皮
* 脫剝 / 脱剥
* 蝕剝 / 蚀剥
* 蹇剝 / 蹇剥
* 重利盤剝 / 重利盘剥 (zhònglìpánbō)

#### Descendants

* → Proto-Tai: *poːkᴰ (“peel”)
** Lao: ປອກ (pǭk, “peel”)
** Lü: ᦔᦸᧅᧈ (ṗoak¹)
** Shan: ပွၵ်ႇ (pàuk)
** Thai: ปอก (bpɔ̀ɔk, “peel”)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 剝 – see 駁 (“to refute; to transport by barge”). (This character is an obsolete form of 駁).

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 剝 – see 撲 (“to beat”). (This character is an obsolete form of 撲).

### References

* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “剝”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00363
* (Min Nan) “剝”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 剥 |
| Kyūjitai | 剝 |

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 剥)
* peel
* peel off
* strip

#### Readings

* Go-on: ほく (hoku)
* Kan-on: はく (haku, Jōyō)
* Kun: はがす (hagasu, 剝がす, Jōyō)、はがれる (hagareru, 剝がれる, Jōyō)、はげる (hageru, 剝げる, Jōyō)、はぐ (hagu, 剝ぐ, Jōyō)、むく (muku, 剝く)

#### Usage notes

Included in the 2010 jōyō reform instead of 剥, despite it having been standard in Japanese character sets.

## Korean
### Hanja

剝 (eum 박 (bak))
* to strip
* undress
* to cut, trim
* injure

## Vietnamese
### Han character

剝: Hán Nôm readings: bác, bóc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.