# پیس
## Khalaj
### Adjective

پیس (pîs)
* Arabic spelling of pîs (“ugly”)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian پیس (pis, “leprosy”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (pys /⁠pēs⁠/, “mottled, leprous; leprosy”).

### Noun

پیس • (pis)
* leprosy, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae
    Synonym: جذام (cüzam)

### Adjective

پیس • (pis)
* leprous, relating to or infected with one of the diseases known as leprosy
    Synonym: آلاجه (alaca)
* (by extension) dirty, filthy, soiled, covered with or containing dirt or grime
    Synonym: مردار (murdar)
* (by extension) mean, stingy, miserly, unwilling to spend, give, or share
    Synonyms: پنتی (pinti), جمری (cimri), خسیس (hasîs), ناكس (nekes)

#### Derived terms

* پیس بوغاز (pis boğaz, “glutton”)
* پیسلتمك (pisletmek, “to make or let be dirty”)
* پیسلك (pislik, “dirt, filth”)
* پیسلمك (pislemek, “to soil, befoul”)
* پیسلنمك (pislenmek, “to become dirty”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: pis
* → Albanian: pis
* → Armenian: փիս (pʻis)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “pis5”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3862
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “پیس”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 139a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “پیس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 331
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Lepra”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 936
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “پیس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 988
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “pis”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “پیس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 464

## Persian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (pys /⁠pēs⁠/, “mottled, leprous; leper”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ-. Akin to Old Armenian պիսակ (pisak), an Iranian borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [peːs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰeːs]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰeːs]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [pʰeːs]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [pʰeːs]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [pʰiːs]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [pʰes]

### Noun

پیس • (pis)
* vitiligo

### Adjective

پیس • (pis)
* vitiligous
* (transferred sense) vile, ignoble

### Related terms

* پیسه (pise)
* لک و پیس (lak-o-pis)

### Descendants

* → Armenian: փիս (pʻis) (via Turkic)
* → Azerbaijani: pis
* → Georgian: ფისი (pisi)
* → Khalaj: pîs
* → Northern Kurdish: pîs
* → Middle Armenian: փիս (pʻis)
* → Ottoman Turkish: پیس (pis)
** Turkish: pis
** → Albanian: pis
** → Armenian: փիս (pʻis)
* → Pashto: پېس (pes)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “պիսակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 84–85
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, pages 230–231
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 68
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “پیس”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 265