# 牛

| 牛 | U+725B, &#29275; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-725B |
| ← 牚 [U+725A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 牜 → [U+725C] |
| ⽜ | U+2F5C, &#12124; KANGXI RADICAL COW |
| ← ⽛ [U+2F5B] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽝ → [U+2F5D] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* 牜 (U+725C) - used as a left radical component (not a standalone character)
* 𠂒 (U+20092) - sometimes used as a top component

### Han character

牛 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹手 (HQ), four-corner 2500$_0$, composition ⿻𠂉十)
* Kangxi radical #93, ⽜.
* Shuowen Jiezi radical №19

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/牛
* 件, 吽, 汼, 㭌, 犇, 䋅, 鈝, 䭽, 䵓, 吿, 䒜, 㽚, 窂, 荦, 制
* 𡉯, 𫰔, 𡵜, 𢓐, 𢪧, 𭷽, 𨸡, 𨑴, 𣅫, 𣧘, 𣬳, 𤰼, 𥝫, 𦧋, 𧉖, 𧣈, 𧥸, 𧲤, 𮓤, 𩲍, 𩵠, 𩿓, 𬨹
* 𭇤, 𡕘, 𣁄, 𪺝, 𬙮, 𧢻, 𤛗, 𤵃, 𨳯

#### See also

* 先, 告

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 697, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19922
* Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1800, character 1
* Unihan data for U+725B

## Chinese

* 牛 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 牛 (Cantonese)
* 牛 (Classical)
* gû (Southern Min)
* 牛 (Wu)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牛 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) of a bull's head.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.

#### "awesome"

    Clipping of 牛屄 (niúbī).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): niú (niu$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄡˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyiu$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): niú
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): liú
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ню (ni͡u, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngau$^4$ / ngau$^{4-2}$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): ngaau$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngeu$^3$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): ngau$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): nyiu$^4$ / ngieu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiù
    (Hailu, HRS): ngiu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiu$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): niou$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): niû
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngù / ngiù
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gu$^2$ / giu$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gû / giû / ngiû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghu$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): bhu$^5$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): njau$^4$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$gnieu / $^2$gnieu / $^2$nieu
** (Jinhua): $^2$gnieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyiou$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niú
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nióu
*** Wade–Giles: niu$^2$
*** Yale: nyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niou
*** Palladius: ню (nju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: niu
*** Sinological IPA : /nʲiəu²¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: niú
*** Sinological IPA : /niɤu²⁴/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: liú
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): liu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /liəɯ²⁴/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ню (ni͡u, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /niou²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngau$^4$ / ngau$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: ngàuh / ngáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngau$^4$ / ngau$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngeo$^4$ / ngeo$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐu̯²¹/, /ŋɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: ngaau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋau²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngeu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡeu²²/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: ngau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐu⁴²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: nyiu$^4$ / ngieu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /n̠ʲiu³⁵/, /ŋiɛu³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiù
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯u¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiu
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiu¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: niou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /niəu¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niû
*** Sinological IPA : /niu³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngù / ngiù
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋu⁵³/, /ŋieu⁵³/
* ngù - vernacular;
* ngiù - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit牛 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /niou³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /niou²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /niou⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ȵiou⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /niou⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /niou⁴²/ /ou⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /niou²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ȵiɯ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /niəu⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ȵiou⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ȵiɤu⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /niəu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ȵiəu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /niəu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /niəu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /liəɯ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liɯ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niəu¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ȵiəu¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /niəu³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɤ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵiʏ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ȵiø²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ŋau³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /niu⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵiu⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵiəu¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ȵiəɯ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiu⁴⁵/ /ŋiɛu⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiu¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋiu¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋɐu²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ŋɐu²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ŋɐu²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /giu³⁵/ /gu³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋu⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /niu³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /gu⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ku³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ngjuw
Rime :
| Character | 牛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 語求切 |
| Baxter | ngjuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuw/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiu/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 牛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | niú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]ʷə/ (< uvular?) |
| English | ox |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 牛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9564 |
| Phonetic component | 牛 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 牛 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋʷɯ/ |

### Definitions

牛
* bovine, e.g. cow, bull, ox, buffalo, bison, yak (Classifier: 頭／头 m c mb md; 條／条 m g h x; 隻／只 m c g mn w x)
* beef
    乾炒牛河／干炒牛河 ― gānchǎo niúhé ― beef chow fun
    蛋牛治 [Cantonese] ― daan$^{6-2}$ ngau$^{4-2}$ zi$^6$ [Jyutping] ― beef and egg sandwich
* stubborn; pigheaded
* (colloquial) arrogant
* (Mainland China, Mandarin, slang) awesome; powerful
    牛屄 ― niúbī ― [vulgar] awesome
    牛人 ― niúrén ― an awesome person
* (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Ox (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
* (physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) Short for 火牛 (“transformer”). (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
* a surname
    牛僧孺 ― Niú Sēngrú ― Niu Sengru (Tang politician)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 牛 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 牛 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 牛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 牛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 牛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 牛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 牛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 牛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 牛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 牛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 牛 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 牛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 牛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 牛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 牛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 牛 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 牛, 拖磨子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 牛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 牛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 牛 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 牛 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 牛 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 牛 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 牛 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 牛 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 牛 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 牛 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 牛 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 牛 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 牛 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 牛 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 牛仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 牛仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 牛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 牛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 牛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 牛 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 牛 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 牛, 牛兒 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 牛 |
| Jin | Datong | 牛 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 牛 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 牛 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 牛 |
| Jin | Linhe | 牛 |
| Jin | Jining | 牛 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 牛 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 牛 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 牛 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 牛 |
| Jin | Handan | 牛 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 牛 |
| Jin | Suide | 牛 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 牛 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 牛 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 牛仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 牛仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 牛 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 牛, 牛媽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 牛 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 牛, 牛犅 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 牛, 牛犅 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 牛 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 牛 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 牛 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 牛 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 牛 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 牛 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 牛 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 牛 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 牛 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 牛 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 牛 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 牛 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 牛 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 牛 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 牛 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 牛 |
| Wu | Danyang | 牛 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 牛 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 牛 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 牛, 寶耕 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 牛 |
* (beef): 牛肉 (niúròu)
* (awesome):
* 不得了 (bùdéliǎo) (colloquial)
* 了不得 (colloquial)
* 了不起 (liǎobùqǐ) (colloquial)
* 了勿起 (Wu)
* 佼佼 (jiǎojiǎo) (literary)
* 俊偉 / 俊伟 (jùnwěi) (literary)
* 偉大 / 伟大 (wěidà)
* 傑出 / 杰出 (jiéchū)
* 傲人 (àorén) (nowadays especially of breasts, body curve)
* 優異 / 优异 (yōuyì)
* 優秀 / 优秀 (yōuxiù)
* 優越 / 优越 (yōuyuè)
* 出挑 (chhut-thio) (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 出擢 (Hokkien)
* 出眾 / 出众 (chūzhòng)
* 出腳 / 出脚 (Hokkien)
* 出色 (chūsè)
* 勢面 / 势面 (Hokkien)
* 勿得了 (Wu)
* 卓然 (zhuórán) (literary)
* 卓犖 / 卓荦 (zhuóluò) (literary)
* 卓異 / 卓异 (zhuóyì) (literary)
* 卓著 (zhuózhù)
* 卓越 (zhuóyuè)
* 厲害 / 厉害 (lìhài) (informal)
* 咧斗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 咧斗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 好極了 / 好极了 (hǎo jíle)
* 尤異 / 尤异 (yóuyì) (literary)
* 崢嶸 / 峥嵘 (zhēngróng)
* 彰顯 / 彰显 (zhāngxiǎn)
* 惡實 / 恶实 (o$^5$ shr$^6$) (Xiang, used as a complement)
* 打得 (Hakka)
* 挺 (tǐng)
* 斐然 (fěirán)
* 棒 (bàng) (colloquial)
* 標青 / 标青 (biu$^1$ ceng$^1$) (Cantonese, Teochew)
* 漂亮
* 炳 (bǐng) (literary)
* 牛鬼 (Guilin Mandarin)
* 特出 (tèchū)
* 特異 / 特异 (tèyì)
* 犀利 (xīlì) (originally Cantonese, sometimes Mandarin)
* 皦皦 (jiǎojiǎo) (literary)
* 看家 (kānjiā) (attributive, of skill, ability, etc.)
* 穩 / 稳 (wěn) (slang, neologism)
* 突出 (tūchū)
* 英英 (yīngyīng) (literary)
* 蓋帽 / 盖帽 (gàimào) (slang)
* 表表 (biǎobiǎo) (literary)
* 超凡 (chāofán)
* 超卓 (chāozhuó) (literary)
* 超常 (chāocháng)
* 超拔 (chāobá) (literary)
* 超絕 / 超绝 (chāojué)
* 非凡 (fēifán)
* 響噹噹 / 响当当 (xiǎngdāngdāng)
* 顯著 / 显著 (xiǎnzhù)
* 高強 / 高强 (gāoqiáng)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 牛, 牛兒, 牛屄 vulgar |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 厲害, 棒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 厲害, 夠力 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 厲害 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 犀利, 勁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 犀利, 勁, 勁抽, 堅抽 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 犀利 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 犀利, 勁 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 厲害, 慶, 壁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 厲害, 慶 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 叻 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 慶 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 厲害, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 厲害, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Puning | 厲害, 野 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 厲害 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 厲害 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 結棍 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 結棍 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 結棍 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 結棍 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 結棍 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 䏧腮 |
* (transformer):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 變壓器 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 變壓器 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 火牛 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 火牛 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 火牛 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 火牛 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 火牛 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 變壓器 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 火牛 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 火牛 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 方棚 |

#### Descendants

* Wutunhua: nek

### Compounds

* 一牛吼地
* 丙吉問牛 / 丙吉问牛
* 九牛一毛 (jiǔniúyīmáo)
* 九牛毛
* 乞食飯牛 / 乞食饭牛
* 乳牛 (rǔniú)
* 亡羊得牛
* 人工蝸牛 / 人工蜗牛
* 仔牛肉 (zǎiniúròu)
* 休牛放馬 / 休牛放马
* 休牛散馬 / 休牛散马
* 休牛歸馬 / 休牛归马
* 偷渡黃牛 / 偷渡黄牛
* 做牛做馬 / 做牛做马 (zuòniúzuòmǎ)
* 充棟汗牛 / 充栋汗牛
* 全牛
* 公牛 (gōngniú)
* 千牛
* 千牛刀
* 午夜牛郎
* 原牛 (yuánniú)
* 吹牛 (chuīniú)
* 吞牛
* 吳牛喘月 / 吴牛喘月 (Wú niú chuǎnyuè)
* 吹牛大王 (chuīniú dàwáng)
* 吹牛皮 (chuī niúpí)
* 呼牛作馬 / 呼牛作马
* 呼牛呼馬 / 呼牛呼马
* 問牛 / 问牛
* 問牛知馬 / 问牛知马
* 土牛
* 土牛木馬 / 土牛木马
* 地牛發威 / 地牛发威
* 地牛翻身 (dìniú fānshēn)
* 地黃牛 / 地黄牛
* 執牛耳 / 执牛耳 (zhí niú'ěr)
* 壯氣吞牛 / 壮气吞牛
* 夔牛
* 多如牛毛 (duōrúniúmáo)
* 大吹牛皮
* 天牛 (tiānniú)
* 如牛負重 / 如牛负重 (rúniúfùzhòng)
* 孺子牛 (rúzǐniú)
* 寧為雞口，無為牛後 / 宁为鸡口，无为牛后 (níng wéi jīkǒu, wú wéi niúhòu)
* 封牛 (fēngniú)
* 對牛彈琴 / 对牛弹琴 (duìniútánqín)
* 小放牛
* 小牛 (xiǎoniú)
* 小試牛刀 / 小试牛刀
* 屠牛朝歌
* 帶牛佩犢 / 带牛佩犊
* 庖丁解牛 (páodīngjiěniú)
* 志沖斗牛
* 扯牛尾巴
* 摸春牛
* 放牛 (fàngniú)
* 放牛吃草
* 放牛歸馬 / 放牛归马
* 放牛班
* 敲牛宰馬 / 敲牛宰马
* 斗牛 (dǒuniú)
* 旄牛
* 春牛
* 春牛圖 / 春牛图
* 木牛流馬 / 木牛流马 (mùniú liúmǎ)
* 村牛
* 椎牛饗士 / 椎牛飨士
* 歸馬放牛 / 归马放牛
* 殷師牛鬥 / 殷师牛斗
* 母牛 (mǔniú)
* 氂牛 / 牦牛
* 氣克斗牛
* 氣力如牛 / 气力如牛
* 氣吞牛斗
* 氣喘如牛 / 气喘如牛 (qìchuǎnrúniú)
* 氣沖斗牛 / 气冲斗牛
* 氣沖牛斗 / 气冲牛斗
* 水牛 (shuǐniú)
* 水牛兒 / 水牛儿
* 汗牛充棟 / 汗牛充栋 (hànniúchōngdòng)
* 泥牛
* 泥牛入海 (níniú-rùhǎi)
* 海牛 (hǎiniú)
* 濯濯牛山
* 火牛陣 / 火牛阵
* 無殼蝸牛 / 无壳蜗牛 (wúké-wōniú)
* 版築飯牛 / 版筑饭牛
* 牛B (niúbī)
* 牛X (niúchā)
* 牛之一毛
* 牛乳 (niúrǔ)
* 牛乳油
* 牛人 (niúrén)
* 牛仔
* 牛仔布 (niúzǎibù)
* 牛仔舞
* 牛仔裝 / 牛仔装
* 牛仔褲 / 牛仔裤
* 牛倌
* 牛刀 (niúdāo)
* 牛刀割雞 / 牛刀割鸡
* 牛刀小試 / 牛刀小试
* 牛勁 / 牛劲
* 牛叉 (niúchā)
* 牛回磨轉 / 牛回磨转
* 牛圈 (niújuàn)
* 牛女
* 牛女佳期
* 牛奶 (niúnǎi)
* 牛奶糖 (niúnǎitáng)
* 牛子 (niúzǐ)
* 牛宿 (Niúxiù)
* 牛小排
* 牛屄 (niúbī)
* 牛山 (Niúshān)
* 牛山下涕
* 牛山歎 / 牛山叹
* 牛山濯濯
* 牛崽
* 牛崽褲 / 牛崽裤 (niúzǎikù)
* 牛市 (niúshì)
* 牛年
* 牛年馬月 / 牛年马月
* 牛後 / 牛后
* 牛心
* 牛心古怪
* 牛心左性
* 牛性
* 牛房
* 牛掰 (niúbāi)
* 牛排 (niúpái)
* 牛李黨爭 / 牛李党争
* 牛棚 (niúpéng)
* 牛欄 / 牛栏 (niúlán)
* 牛步化
* 牛比 (niúbǐ)
* 牛毛 (niúmáo)
* 牛毛雨
* 牛氣 / 牛气 (niúqi)
* 牛油 (niúyóu)
* 牛津 (niújīn)
* 牛津大學 / 牛津大学
* 牛溲馬勃 / 牛溲马勃
* 牛熊證 / 牛熊证 (niúxióngzhèng)
* 牛犁 (niúlí)
* 牛犢 / 牛犊 (niúdú)
* 牛犢子 / 牛犊子 (niúdúzi)
* 牛痘 (niúdòu)
* 牛痘苗 (niúdòumiáo)
* 牛瘟 (niúwēn)
* 牛皮 (niúpí)
* 牛皮大王 (niúpí dàwáng)
* 牛皮癬 / 牛皮癣 (niúpíxuǎn)
* 牛皮糖 (niúpítáng)
* 牛皮紙 / 牛皮纸 (niúpízhǐ)
* 牛眠地
* 牛眼 (niúyǎn)
* 牛童馬走 / 牛童马走
* 牛筋牛降
* 牛耳
* 牛肉 (niúròu)
* 牛肉場 / 牛肉场
* 牛肉秀
* 牛脖子
* 牛脾氣 / 牛脾气 (niúpíqi)
* 牛腩 (niúnǎn)
* 牛腰
* 牛腱 (niújiàn)
* 牛舌 (niúshé)
* 牛舌餅 / 牛舌饼
* 牛舍 (niúshè)
* 牛莊 / 牛庄 (Niúzhuāng)
* 牛蒡 (niúbàng)
* 牛虻 (niúméng)
* 牛蛙 (niúwā)
* 牛蠅 / 牛蝇 (niúyíng)
* 牛衣
* 牛衣對泣 / 牛衣对泣
* 牛表牛觔 / 牛表牛斤
* 牛角 (niújiǎo)
* 牛角之歌
* 牛角尖 (niújiǎojiān)
* 牛角掛書 / 牛角挂书
* 牛角書生 / 牛角书生
* 牛角麵包 / 牛角面包 (niújiǎo miànbāo)
* 牛蹄中魚 / 牛蹄中鱼
* 牛蹄子
* 牛車 / 牛车 (niúchē)
* 牛軛湖 / 牛轭湖
* 牛逼 (niúbī)
* 牛郎 (niúláng)
* 牛郎星
* 牛郎織女 / 牛郎织女
* 牛酪 (niúlào)
* 牛鐲 / 牛镯
* 牛雜 / 牛杂 (niúzá)
* 牛革
* 牛鞅
* 牛鞭 (niúbiān)
* 牛頓 / 牛顿 (Niúdùn)
* 牛頭 / 牛头 (niútóu)
* 牛頭不對馬嘴 / 牛头不对马嘴 (niútóubùduìmǎzuǐ)
* 牛頭禪 / 牛头禅
* 牛頭馬面 / 牛头马面 (niútóumǎmiàn)
* 牛飲 / 牛饮 (niúyǐn)
* 牛餼退敵 / 牛饩退敌
* 牛首 (Niúshǒu)
* 牛馬 / 牛马 (niúmǎ)
* 牛馬之衣 / 牛马之衣
* 牛馬襟裾 / 牛马襟裾
* 牛馬走 / 牛马走 (niúmǎzǒu)
* 牛驥共牢 / 牛骥共牢
* 牛驥同皁 / 牛骥同皂
* 牛鬼蛇神 (niúguǐshéshén)
* 牛魔王 (niú mówáng)
* 牛黃 / 牛黄 (niúhuáng)
* 牛黄 (niúhuáng)
* 牛黃狗寶 / 牛黄狗宝
* 牛鼎烹雞 / 牛鼎烹鸡 (niúdǐngpēngjī)
* 牛鼻 (niúbí)
* 牛鼻子 (niúbízi)
* 牧牛兒 / 牧牛儿
* 牧牛放馬 / 牧牛放马
* 牯牛 (gǔniú)
* 犁牛之子
* 牻牛兒苗 / 牻牛儿苗
* 牽牛拔樁 / 牵牛拔桩
* 牽牛星 / 牵牛星 (Qiānniúxīng)
* 牽牛織女 / 牵牛织女
* 牽牛花 / 牵牛花 (qiānniúhuā)
* 犀牛 (xīniú)
* 犀牛望月
* 犀牛角
* 犍牛 (jiānniú)
* 犛牛 / 牦牛
* 犯牛勁 / 犯牛劲
* 甯戚飯牛 / 甯戚饭牛
* 瘠牛僨豚 / 瘠牛偾豚
* 白犀牛
* 目無全牛 / 目无全牛 (mùwúquánniú)
* 目牛游刃 (mùniúyóurèn)
* 目牛無全 / 目牛无全
* 石牛道
* 石牛開道 / 石牛开道
* 種牛痘 / 种牛痘 (zhòng niúdòu)
* 童牛角馬 / 童牛角马
* 約翰牛 / 约翰牛
* 細漢偷挽匏，大漢偷牽牛 / 细汉偷挽匏，大汉偷牵牛 (sè-hàn thau bán pû, tōa-hàn thau khan gû) (Min Nan)
* 紫金牛
* 繭絲牛毛 / 茧丝牛毛
* 羞以牛後 / 羞以牛后
* 羚牛 (língniú)
* 老牛破車 / 老牛破车
* 老牛筋
* 老牛箝嘴
* 老牛箍嘴
* 老牛舐犢 / 老牛舐犊
* 耕牛 (gēngniú)
* 臥牛城 / 卧牛城
* 花牛腿
* 荷蘭乳牛 / 荷兰乳牛
* 菲列牛排
* 菜牛 (càiniú)
* 蚊動牛鬥 / 蚊动牛斗
* 蝸牛 / 蜗牛 (wōniú)
* 蟒牛 (Mǎngniú)
* 蠻牛 / 蛮牛
* 裾馬襟牛 / 裾马襟牛
* 襟裾馬牛 / 襟裾马牛
* 買牛賣劍 / 买牛卖剑
* 賣刀買牛 / 卖刀买牛
* 賣劍買牛 / 卖剑买牛
* 蹊田奪牛 / 蹊田夺牛
* 酸牛奶 (suānniúnǎi)
* 野牛 (yěniú)
* 金牛 (jīnniú)
* 金牛山
* 金牛座 (jīnniúzuò)
* 金牛道
* 鐵牛 / 铁牛 (tiěniú)
* 鐵牛車 / 铁牛车
* 鑽牛犄角 / 钻牛犄角
* 鑽牛角尖 / 钻牛角尖 (zuān niújiǎojiān)
* 隔山打牛
* 雞口牛後 / 鸡口牛后 (jīkǒuniúhòu)
* 雞尸牛從 / 鸡尸牛从
* 青牛
* 青牛紫氣 / 青牛紫气
* 青盲牛 (chăng-màng-ngù) (Eastern Min)
* 鞅牛
* 鞭牛
* 頂牛 / 顶牛
* 風馬牛不相及 / 风马牛不相及 (fēng mǎ niú bù xiāngjí)
* 馬勃牛溲 / 马勃牛溲
* 馬牛襟裾 / 马牛襟裾
* 騎牛覓牛 / 骑牛觅牛
* 鬥牛 / 斗牛 (dòuniú)
* 鬥牛士 / 斗牛士 (dòuniúshì)
* 鬥牛陣 / 斗牛阵
* 麝牛 (shèniú)
* 黄牛 (huángniú)
* 黃牛 / 黄牛 (huángniú)
* 黃牛岩 / 黄牛岩 (Huángniúyán)
* 黧牛
* 齊王捨牛 / 齐王舍牛

### See also

* (Chinese zodiac signs) (~年) 鼠 (shǔ), 牛 (niú), 虎 (hǔ), 兔 (tù), 龍／龙 (lóng), 蛇 (shé), 馬／马 (mǎ), 羊 (yáng), 猴 (hóu), 雞／鸡 (jī), 狗 (gǒu), 豬／猪 (zhū)

### References

* “牛”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* cow, ox, cattle

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぐ (gu)
* Kan-on: ぎゅう (gyū, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: ご (go)
* Kun: うし (ushi, 牛, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 牛(うし)馬(うま) (ushiuma)
* 牛(うし)鬼(おに) (ushioni), 牛(ぎゅう)鬼(き) (gyūki)
* 牛(うし)氈(かも)鹿(しか) (ushikamoshika, “wildebeest, gnu”)
* 牛車(ぎっしゃ) (gissha), 牛(ぎゅう)車(しゃ) (gyūsha), 牛(うし)車(ぐるま) (ushiguruma) : oxcart
* 牛(ぎゅう)脂(し) (gyūshi, “tallow of cow”)
* 牛(ぎゅう)舎(しゃ) (gyūsha)
* 牛(ぎゅう)耳(じ)る (gyūjiru)
* 牛(ぎゅう)肉(にく) (gyūniku, “beef”)
* 牛(ぎゅう)乳(にゅう) (gyūnyū, “cow's milk”)
* 牛(ぎゅう)馬(ば) (gyūba)
* 牛(ぎゅう)皮(ひ) (gyūhi, “cowhide”)
* 牛(ぎゅう)酪(らく) (gyūraku, “butter”)
* 牛頭天王(ごずてんのう) (Gozu Tennō) : name of a deity
* 牛(ご)蒡(ぼう) (gobō) : greater burdock (Arctium lappa)
* インド牛(うし) (indōshi), 瘤(こぶ)牛(うし) (kobūshi), 犎(ほう)牛(ぎゅう) (hōgyū) : zebu
* 雄(お)牛(うし), 牡(お)牛(うし) (ōshi)
* 蝸(か)牛(ぎゅう) (kagyū, “snail; cochlea”)
* 蝸牛(かたつむり) (katatsumuri, “snail”)
* 子(こ)牛(うし), 仔(こ)牛(うし) (kōshi)
* 呉(ご)牛(ぎゅう) (gogyū), 水(すい)牛(ぎゅう) (suigyū) : water buffalo
* 麝(じゃ)香(こう)牛(うし) (jakōushi, “musk ox”)
* 肉(にく)牛(ぎゅう) (nikugyū, “beef cattle”)
* 乳(にゅう)牛(ぎゅう) (nyūgyū, “dairy cattle”)
* 雌(め)牛(うし), 牝(め)牛(うし) (meushi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 牛
* うし Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *usi.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うし [ùshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

牛(うし) or 牛(ウシ) • (ushi)
* cow, bull, ox, cattle, a domestic bovine
    Synonyms: (dialectal, Tohoku) べこ, (dialectal, Akita, Sendai, Shimokita, Tsugaru) べご, (dialectal, Kagoshima) べぶ
** 1999 November 18, “牛(ぎゅう)魔(ま)人(じん) [Bull Jinn]”, in Vol.6, Konami:
    森(もり)に住(す)む牛(うし)の魔(ま)人(じん)。ツノを突(つ)き出(だ)し突(とっ)進(しん)して攻(こう)撃(げき)。
       Mori ni sumu ushi no majin. Tsuno o tsukidashi tosshin shite kōgeki.
       A bovine jinn who resides in the woods. He’ll charge at you and stick you with his horns.
** 1999 December 1, “ミノタウルス [Minotaurus]”, in BOOSTER 6, Konami:
    すごい力(ちから)を持(も)つウシの怪(かい)物(ぶつ)。オノひと振(ふ)りで何(なに)でもなぎ倒(たお)す。
       Sugoi chikara o motsu ushi no kaibutsu. Ono hitofuri de nani demo nagitaosu.
       A bovine monster with tremendous power who chops up anyone in his way with one axe swing.
* beef

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウシ.

##### Derived terms

* 丑(うし) (ushi)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 牛
* ぎゅう Grade: 2
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 牛 (ngjuw, “cow”). Compare Hokkien 牛 (giû / ngiû).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎゅう [gyúꜜù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡʲɨː]

#### Noun

牛(ぎゅう) • (gyū)
* cow, bull, ox, cattle
* beef
* (astronomy) Ox

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

牛 (eumhun 소 우 (so u))
* hanja form of 우 (“cow”)

#### Compounds

* 와우 (蝸牛, wau, “snail”)
* 우유 (牛乳, uyu, “cow's milk”)

## Miyako
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: うす (usu, 牛)

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *usi, from Proto-Japonic *usi.

### Pronunciation

* (Tarama; Nakachi, Irabu) IPA: /u.sz̩/

### Noun

牛(うす) (usu)
* cow, cattle
* beef

### References

* Tokuyama, Shun'ei (渡久山春英), Kenan, Celik (セリック・ケナン) (2020) 南琉球宮古語多良間方言辞典 [A Dictionary of Tarama Miyako, a dialect of Southern Ryukyuan], Tokyo (東京都): Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo, Gengo Hen'i Kenkyū Ryōiki (国立国語研究所 言語変異研究領域), →ISBN, page 89
* Tomihama, Sadayoshi (富浜定吉) (2013) 宮古伊良部方言辞典 [Miyako Irabu Dialect Dictionary], Naha (那覇市): Okinawa Times (沖縄タイムス社), →ISBN, page 102

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: うし (ushi, 牛, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 牛
* うし Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
From Proto-Ryukyuan *usi, from Proto-Japonic *usi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔuɕi/

### Noun

牛(うし) (ushi)
* cow, cattle

#### Derived terms

* 牛ぬ乳
* 水牛

### References

* “うし【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

牛: Hán Nôm readings: ngưu, ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ, ngâu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Yonaguni
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: うち (uchi, 牛)

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *usi, from Proto-Japonic *usi.

### Noun

牛(うち) (uchi)
* cow, cattle

### References

* “うち【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.