# stå
## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Danish staa, either from an unattested Eastern Old Norse *stá or borrowed from Middle Low German stān. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *stāną, cognate with German stehen, Dutch staan. Compare also Swedish stå, Norwegian Bokmål stå, English stand, Latin stāre, stō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsd̥ɔˀ]
* Rhymes: -ɑː

### Verb

stå (imperative stå, infinitive at stå, present tense står, past tense stod, perfect tense har stået)
* to stand
* to be, appear (in a text), to say, to be written
    Hvor står det henne?
       Where is that written?
    Der står i Biblen, at ...
       It says in the Bible that ...

#### Conjugation

activepassive
present
står
stås
past
stod
infinitive
stå
stås
imperative
stå
participle
present
stående
past
stået (auxiliary verb have)
gerund
ståen :

#### Derived terms

* afstå
* anstå
* bestå
* bistå
* fremstå
* henstå
* opstå
* påstå
* stå af
* stå bi
* stå for
* stå frem
* stå op
* stå på
* stå ud
* stådreng (noun)
* udstå

### Noun

stå
* standstill, halt

#### Usage notes

Only used in these expressions:
* i stå
* gå i stå
* sætte i stå

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

Noun use of the verb stå.

#### Alternative forms

* stande (obsolete in both Bokmål and in Nynorsk)

#### Noun

stå
* (only idiomatic, not inflected) stop up, stop short, break down
    Forhandlingene gikk i stå.The negotations broke down.
* (only in specific cases) a stand
    Store stå.
       A standing area for spectators at Bislett stadion in Oslo, literally: "the great stand"
* (slang, not inflected) erection, hard-on

##### Synonyms
###### stop up, stop short, break down

* baklås
* gå i stå
* stagnasjon
* stans
* stanse
* stillstand
* stoppe opp

###### erection

* ståpikk
* ereksjon

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse standa; compare with Swedish stå, Danish stå, English stand, Latin stāre, stō.

#### Verb

stå (present tense står, past tense sto or stod, past participle stått, passive infinitive stås, present participle stående, imperative stå)
* to stand.
    Bussen var så full at han måtte stå.The bus was so full he had to stand.
    Stå stille, sa jeg!I said, stand still!
* to be, be located.
    Det står en vase på bordet.There is a vase on the table.
* to stand still, be stopped
    Toget stod i ti minutter grunnet strømbrudd.The train was stopped for ten minutes due to a power failure.
* to take place, happen
    Når står bryllupet?
       When is the wedding?
    Slaget ved Waterloo stod i 1815.
       The battle of Waterloo took place in 1815.
* to reach, be at
    Vannspruten stod langt over brygga.The spurt of water reached way over the pier.
* to be written, to say
    Tror du ikke på meg? Det står i avisen.Don't you believe me? It says so in the paper.
* (tests and exams) to pass
    Hvordan gikk det, stod du til eksamen?How did it go, did you pass your exam. (literally: "how did it go, did you stand to the exam?")
* to be in a certain situation or condition
    Minst 175.000 nordmenn står uten fastlege.
       At least 175.000 Norwegians are without a primary care provider.
    Leiligheten står tom.
       The apartment is empty (in the sense that it is out of use).

##### Synonyms
###### to stand

* kneise
* rage
* rekke
* stande
* være
* være oppreist

###### to be located

* ligge
* være

###### to stand still, be stopped

* stanse
* stoppe
* stoppe opp

###### to take place, happen

* figurere
* finne sted
* foregå
* skje
* være

###### to reach, be at

* nå
* være

##### Derived terms

* avstå
* bistå
* enestående
* enkeltstående
* forestå
* framstå, fremstå
* frittstående
* gjenstå
* hvordan står det til?
* høytstående
* motstå
* nærstående
* oppstå
* stillestående
* stå anklaget for noe
* stå ansvarlig for noe
* stå for det en har gjort
* stå i forhold til noe
* stå i med noen
* stå imot
* stå opp
* stå overfor noe
* stå pal
* stå på som verst
* stå til rette for
* stå åpent frem
* uimotståelig
* velstående

### References

* “stå” in The Ordnett Dictionary
* “stå” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “stand”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* åst, såt

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* (verb): standa, stande (non-standard since 2012)

### Etymology

From Old Norse standa, from Proto-Germanic *standaną. The infinitive stå and present tense står, could be derived irregularly from standa, but are likely derived from an Eastern Scandinavian variant. This could have come from an unattested (Eastern) Old Norse form *stá, or from the Middle Low German form stān. Both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *stāną, which like *standaną, ultimately derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”). The noun derives from the verb. Compare Swedish stå, Danish stå, English stand, Latin stāre, stō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stoː/

### Verb

stå (present tense står, past tense stod, past participle stått, passive infinitive ståast, present participle ståande, imperative stå)
* (intransitive) to stand
    Bussen var så full at han måtte stå.The bus was so full, he had to stand.
    Stå stille, sa eg!Stand still, I said!
* (intransitive) to be, be located
    Det står ei vase på bordet.There is a vase on the table.
* (intransitive) to stand still, be stopped
    Toget stod i ti minutt grunna straumbrot.The train was stopped for ten minutes due to a power outage.
* (intransitive) to take place, happen
    Når står bryllaupet?When is the wedding?
    Slaget ved Waterloo stod i 1815.The battle of Waterloo took place in 1815.
* (intransitive) to reach, be at
    Vasspruten stod langt over brygga.The spurt of water reached way over the pier.
* (intransitive) to be written, to say
    Trur du ikkje på meg? Det står i avisa.Don't you believe me? It says so in the newspaper.
* (intransitive, with a preposition) to pass (tests, exams, classes)
    Antonym: stryke
    Korleis gjekk det? Stod du til eksamen?How did it go? Did you pass your exam(literally, “How did it go? Did you stand to the exam?”)
    Eg stod på eksamen!I passed the exam!(literally, “I stood on the exam!”)
    Eg stod i faget òg.I passed the class as well.(literally, “I passed in the class as well.”)

#### Synonyms

(to stand):
* kneise
* rage
* rekkje
* stande
* vere
* vere oppreist
(to be located):
* liggje
* vere
(to stand still, be stopped):
* stanse
* stoppe
* stoppe opp
(to take place, happen):
* figurere
* finne stad
* hende
* skje
* vere
(to reach, be at):
* nå
* vere

#### Derived terms

* avstå
* bestå
* bistå
* forstå
* framstå
* korleis står det til?
* oppstå
* som ein står og går
* stand
* stå anklaga for noko
* stå ansvarleg for noko
* stå att
* stå bak
* stå for det ein har gjort
* stå høgt i kurs
* stå i
* stå i høve til noko
* stå i med nokon
* stå imot
* stå ope fram
* stå overfor noko
* stå pal
* stå på hovudet
* stå på som verst
* stå seg godt
* stå seg godt med
* stå seg på
* stå til rette for
* ståande hær
* tilstå
* utstå
* vedstå

#### Related terms

* sta
* stad
* stade
* stendig
* sto
* stode

### Noun

stå m (definite singular ståen, indefinite plural ståar, definite plural ståane)
* (only, idiomatic, not inflected) stop up, stop short, break down
    Forhandlingane gjekk i stå.The negotiations broke down.
* (slang) erection, hard-on
* (only in specific cases) a stand
    Store ståA standing area for spectators at Bislett stadion in Oslo, literally: "the great stand"

#### Synonyms

(stop up, stop short, breakdown):
* baklås
* gå i stå
* stagnasjon
* stans
* stanse
* stillstand
* stoppe opp
(erection):
* ståpikk
* ereksjon

### References

* “stå” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* “stå”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
* “stå” in The Ordnett Dictionary
* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “stand”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* såt, åst

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish stā, possibly from an unattested eastern Old Norse stá, or via early Middle Low German stān. Both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *stāną, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Or from earlier Swedish stånda, from Old Swedish staanda, standa, stonda, from Old Norse standa, from Proto-Germanic *stāną, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. In any case from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.
Compare German stehen, Dutch staan, Danish stå, Norwegian Bokmål stå, English stand, Latin stāre, stō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stoː/
* Rhymes: -oː

### Verb

stå (present står, preterite stod, supine stått, imperative stå)
* stand; be in an upright position
** 1904, Selma Lagerlöf, Herr Arnes penningar‎:Då sir Archie gick förbi Elsalill, lade han sin hand på hennes för att få veta om det verkligen var en död, som stod där.When sir Archie passed Elsalill he put his hand on hers to make sure if it really was a dead one that was standing there.
** 1930, Agnes von Krusenstjerna, Kvinnogatan‎:En dag hade de stått över de ångande baljorna och gnott kläderna, heta i ansiktena av den varma och fuktiga luften.One day they had been standing over the steaming tubs scrubbing the clothes with their faces hot from the warm and humid air.
* (of machinery) be at a standstill, not be running
* (of events) be held, take place, happen
** 1906, Selma Lagerlöf, Nils Holgerssons underbara resa‎:"Vad står nu på?" frågade förargåsen.'Now what is up?' asked the leader goose.
* be written down, to say, to read
** 1912, August Strindberg, Ett halvt ark papper‎:Där stod det, hela denna vackra historia, som avspeglats på den korta tiden av två år; allt han ville glömma stod där; ett stycke mänskoliv på ett halvt ark papper."There it was written, this entire beautiful story that had taken place in just two short years; all he wanted to forget was written there; a piece of a human life on half a sheet of paper.
* (reflexive) to last, to keep (not spoil)
    Synonym: hålla
    Mjölken står sig längre i kylskåpetThe milk lasts longer in the fridge
* (reflexive) to hold up, to stand up
    Den gamla teorin står sig änThe old theory still holds up
    Den står sig väl i konkurrensenIt stands up well to the competition
* (reflexive) to make it (not succumb or the like)
    Med en stor frukost så står man sig till lunchA big breakfast will see you through to lunch

#### Usage notes

* The verb stå is often used in constructions such as stå och [another verb]. These constructions impart some of the same sense that is commonly expressed in English through the use of a present participle, that is they show that it is an ongoing activity. Constructions with verbs that originally meant "stand" also happen in other languages; compare Spanish estar (“to be”), which is a cognate and also originally meant "to stand" (although it does not carry that meaning anymore). The standing as such is a minor issue:
** Vad står du och glor på? ― What are you staring at?
** Han bara står och mumlar ― He is just mumbling
* Note that the verbs sitta (“to sit”) and ligga (“to lie down”) may be used in a similar manner if the activity is taking place sitting or lying down.
* The past participle (stånden) is virtually obsolete; it is only used occasionally in modern-day use.
* The old supine ståndit is almost universally replaced by stått.
** The same goes for the archaic imperative statt (from Old Norse statt), which is replaced by stå. Compare gack, old imperative of gå.
* In speech it is rather common to use stog as past tense, which is formed by analogy with slå (past tense slog). This form is generally considered nonstandard, however.

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

#### Derived terms

* anstå
* avstå
* bestå
* framstå
* förestå
* förstå
* påstå
* stå i
* stå på
* stå till
* stå upp
* stå upp för
* stå ut
* stå över
* visa var skåpet ska stå
* överstå

#### Related terms

* stad
* stånd
* stanna
* städ

### References

* stå in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* stå in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* stå in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH

### Anagrams

* tås, åts