# ni
## English
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!
* Audio (General American):(file)

### Noun

ni
* (grammar) Initialism of noun inanimate.

#### See also

* na
* nad
* nid

### Anagrams

* -in, -in', IN, i'n, in, in-

## Abinomn
### Pronoun

ni
* you (singular)

## Afar
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈni/ [ˈnɪ]

### Determiner

ní
* our
** Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎, Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 5:Diggah nanu Ni Rabbow koo inkittosnaah Qibaada dibuk koo caglisna, nanu ni-caagiidah inkih cato koo esserra.Our God, with strength we make you whole, only you we give [our] adoration, we as one ask you for help with our afairs.

#### See also
### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ni”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

## Ainu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nʲi/

### Noun

ni (Kana spelling ニ)
* tree
* wood

#### Synonyms

* cikuni

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* tani
* nani
* nime

### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *nū, from Proto-Indo-European *nū (“now”). Cognate to Sanskrit नू (nū, “now”). Often occurs in coordination with other particles, compare tani, nani, nime.

### Adverb

ni
* now
    Synonyms: tash, tani, hë, nani, nime

#### Related terms

* nu

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 206

## Anguthimri
### Noun

ni
* (Mpakwithi) place
* (Mpakwithi) camp

### References

* Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* nã

### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin nīs, from Latin nos. Compare Romanian ne (older form nă).

### Pronoun

ni (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of noi)
* (direct object, first-person plural) us

#### Related terms

* noi (stressed accusative)

### Pronoun

ni (unstressed dative and reflexive form of noi)
* (indirect object, first-person plural) (to) us

#### Related terms

* nau (stressed dative)

#### See also

* vi

## Asturian
### Noun

ni f (uncountable)
* nu (name for the letter of the Greek alphabet: Ν and ν)

## Atong (India)
### Etymology

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *nɯi⁴ (“two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (“two”). Cognate with S'gaw Karen ခံ (khee), Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis), Sikkimese ཉི (nyi), Nuosu ꑍ (nyip), Burmese နှစ် (hnac).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/

### Numeral

ni (Bengali script নি)
* two

#### Synonyms

* rongni
* tu
* do

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

## Bambara
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

ni
* soul, life, spirit

### Etymology 2
#### Conjunction

ni
* if
    Ni taara sugu la, i bɛ ne ba ye.If you go to the market, you will see my mother
* when

### References

* Richard Nci Diarra, Lexique bambara-français-anglais, December 13, 2010

## Basque
### Etymology

From Proto-Basque *ni.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/ [ni]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: ni

### Pronoun

ni (emphatic forms neu, nihaur, nerau)
* First-person singular personal pronoun; I
** c. 1808, Juan Bautista Aguirre, Eracusaldiac [Lessons]‎, Tolosa, published 1850, page 473:[…] Jauna: ez naiz ni beñere izan zu neure viotzean artzeco diña […][ […] Jauna, ez naiz ni beñere izan zu nere biotzean artzeko diña […] ] […] Lord, not even once have I been worth of belonging to your heart […]
** 1989, Gorka Aulestia, Basque-English Dictionary, Douglas: William A, page 53:Ni errege izan nintzen.I was king.
** 2013, Patricio Urquizu Sarasua, Gramática de la lengua vasca, Universidad Nacional de Educación de Distancia, page 154:Ni etorri naiz.I have come.

#### Derived terms

* neu
* ni beldur
* niganatu (“to bring closer to me”)
* nihaur
* nik al dakit (“who knows”)
* nik dakita (“who knows”)
* nik uste (“I suppose”)
* niketz
* niretar (“my family, my associates”)
* niretu
* nirezko
* nitasun

### Further reading

* “ni”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “ni”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Biloxi
### Noun

ni
* Synonym of ani (“water”)

### References

* David Kaufman, Tanêks-Tąyosą Kadakathi: Biloxi-English Dictionary (University of Kansas, 2011, →ISBN, page 34

## Breton
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.

#### Pronoun

ni
* we (first-person plural personal pronoun)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.

#### Noun

ni m (plural nied)
* nephew

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ni]
* Rhymes: -i

### Etymology 1
#### Conjunction

ni
* neither, nor

#### Adverb

ni
* not even, even

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ni f (plural nis)
* nu; the Greek letter Ν (lowercase ν)

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɲɪ]

### Pronoun

ni f
* accusative singular of ona

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse níu, from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /niː/, [niːˀ]

### Numeral

ni
* nine

## Drung
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj.

### Noun

ni
* day

### References

* Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎, Santa Barbara: University of California

## Dumbea
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/

### Pronoun

ni
* they

### References

* Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDuᵐbea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
* Shintani, T.L.A. & Païta, Y. (1990) Dictionnaire de la langue de Païta, Nouméa: Sociéte d'etudes historiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cited in: "Drubea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

## Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
### Determiner

ni
* this.

### Pronoun

ni
* this.

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Italian noi, French nous, Spanish nos, Latin nos, plus the i of personal pronouns.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /ni/

### Pronoun

ni (first-person plural, accusative nin, possessive nia)
* we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
    Ni batis lin.We hit him.
* ourselves
    Ni diris al ni.We said to ourselves.

### See also

| | | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural | Plural |
| | | Nominative | Accusative | Possessive | Nominative | Accusative | Possessive |
| First person | First person | mi | min | mia | ni | nin | nia |
| Second person | Formal | vi | vin | via | vi | vin | via |
| Second person | Familiar$^1$ | ci | cin | cia | vi | vin | via |
| Third person | Masculine | li | lin | lia | ili iŝi$^3$ | ilin iŝin$^3$ | ilia iŝia$^3$ |
| Third person | Feminine | ŝi | ŝin | ŝia | ili iŝi$^3$ | ilin iŝin$^3$ | ilia iŝia$^3$ |
| Third person | Neuter | ĝi | ĝin | ĝia | ili iŝi$^3$ | ilin iŝin$^3$ | ilia iŝia$^3$ |
| Third person | Gender-neutral$^2$ | ri ŝli | rin ŝlin | ria ŝlia | ili iŝi$^3$ | ilin iŝin$^3$ | ilia iŝia$^3$ |
| Third person | Reflexive | si | sin | sia | si | sin | sia |
| Indefinite | Indefinite | oni | onin | onia | oni | onin | onia |
| Notes ||||||||
| $^1$ The second person familiar pronouns are archaic. $^2$ The proposed gender-neutral third-person singular pronouns ri (rin, ria) and ŝli (ŝlin, ŝlia) are not widely used. $^3$ The proposed third-person feminine plural pronoun iŝi (iŝin, iŝia) is not widely used. ||||||||

## French
### Etymology

From Middle French ny, from Old French ne, from Latin nec. Compare Italian né, Catalan and Spanish ni, Portuguese nem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/
* Audio:(file)

### Conjunction

ni
* neither; nor
** 1898, Revue du monde invisible, page 339:Notre imagination, si ardente qu’on la suppose, ne peut ni guérir instantanément une lésion organique, ni ressusciter un mort.Our imagination, so ardent as we suppose, can neither instantaneously heal an organic lesion, nor resuscitate the dead.
** 1876, Bulletins et mémoires de la Société médicale des hôpitaux de Paris, Volume 12:[…] les constitutions accidentelles ou intercurrentes ne sont ni moins importantes ni plus faciles à expliquer. […] accidental or intercurrent constitutions are neither less important nor easier to explain.
** c. 1656–1662, Blaise Pascal, “Preuves par discours I – Papier original : RO 3-1 r° / v° et RO 7-1 r° / v°”, in Pensées [Thoughts]‎:Mais nous ne connaissons ni l’existence ni la nature de Dieu, parce qu’il n’a ni étendue, ni bornes.But we know neither the existence nor the nature of God, because He has neither extent nor limits.

#### Usage notes

* Used with the negative particle ne.
* Chiefly used at least twice in the same sentence the same way neither and nor would be used in an English sentence, such as ni riche, ni pauvre (“neither rich nor poor”).

#### Derived terms

* ni chair ni poisson
* ni oui ni non
* ni plus ni moins
* ni vu ni connu

#### See also

* soit

### Further reading

* “ni”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Gothic
### Romanization

ni
* Romanization of 𐌽𐌹

## Hanunoo
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ni (“marker of possession”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈni/ [ˈni]
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: ni

### Preposition

ni (Hanunoo spelling ᜨᜲ)
* of; by
    ti luka ni Bado ― lime tube of Bado
    Kinaon ni Bado ti burot.The wild yam was eaten by Bado.

### See also

* si

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 198

## Hausa
### Alternative forms

* níi

### Etymology

From Proto-Chadic, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔanāku.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /níː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [níː]

### Pronoun

nī
* I (1st person singular pronoun)

### See also

* mínì (1st person singular indirect object enclitic pronoun)
* nì (1st person singular independent object pronoun)
* -wá (1st person singular possessive enclitic pronoun)

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Native word of debated origin:
* Shortened from nézd (“look!”) ~ nízd (a dialectal variant).
* An onomatopoeia expressing astonishment.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈni]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ni

### Interjection

ni
* (colloquial) lo!, look!
    Itt van ni! ― Look! Here it is!

#### Usage notes

Most of the time it is used in its duplicated form: nini!

### References

* ↑ ni in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* ni in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Idi
### Noun

ni
* water

### References

* Idi Organised Phonology Data

## Ido
### Pronoun

ni
* (personal) we (first-person plural personal pronoun)

## Ingrian
### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈni/, [ˈni]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈni/, [ˈni]
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: ni

### Conjunction

ni
* Alternative form of niin
** 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. I. Molotsova, Loonnontiito (ensimäin osa): oppikirja alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:Jot saavva tiitä mitä ono pintamaas, ni pittää tehä mokomat oopьtat.In order to get to know what is in the topsoil, (that's why) it's important to perform such experiments.

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 340

## Interlingua
### Alternative forms

* nec

### Etymology

From French and Spanish ni, from Latin nec (“and not”).

### Adverb

ni
* and not.
    Io non sape, ni vole saper ― I don’t know, and I don’t want to know
* Neither, nor.
    Illo ni me place ni displace ― It neither pleases me nor displeases me
* And, or (following a "with no" or "without").
    Nos debe resister sin aqua ni alimento ― We must resist with no water or food

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈni/
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: nì

### Etymology 1

Blend of no +‎ sì.

#### Adverb

ni
* (informal) neither yes nor no

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ni m or f (invariable)
* nu (Greek letter)

### Anagrams

* in, in-

## Japanese
### Romanization

ni
* The hiragana syllable に (ni) or the katakana syllable ニ (ni) in Hepburn romanization.

## Kamano
### Alternative forms

* nina

### Noun

ni
* water

### References

* The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN

## Kansa
### Etymology

From Proto-Siouan *wa-rį́• (“water”).

### Noun

ni
* water
* any liquid
* river

### References

* Kansa dictionary
* Quapaw dictionary, in notes: "ni (ni) - water, river, liquid (Kanza)"

## Kedah Malay
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/

### Pronoun

ni
* you (singular)

## Klao
### Noun

ni
* water

### References

* World Lexicon of Grammaticalization (2002, →ISBN

## Laboya
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [niː]

### Noun

ni
* coconut

### References

* Allahverdi Verdizade (2019) “ni”, in Lamboya word list‎, Leiden: LexiRumah

## Latin
### Etymology

From Old Latin nei, from Proto-Italic *nei, from Proto-Indo-European *néy (“not”), from *ne. Cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹 (nei), Lithuanian nei, Old Church Slavonic ни (ni), Old Irish ní and Sanskrit न (ná). See also nē.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈniː/, [ˈniː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈni/, [ˈniː]

### Adverb

nī (not comparable)
* not, if...not, unless- an absolutely negative particle like ne so only in combinations

#### Derived terms

* quid nī? (why not?)
* nīmīrum (not wonderful)
* nisi

### Conjunction

nī
* not, that not, unless; like ne in imperative and intentional clauses
    Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas. ― Take not whatsoever hope hence.
    Vinum aliudve quid ni laudato. ― I don't praise wine or anything else.
    Numa constituit, ut pisces, qui squamosi non essent, ni pollucerent ... ni qui ad polluctum emerent. ― [The Roman king] Numa ordained that scaleless fish be neither offered [to the gods] ... nor bought for offering.

## Ligurian
### Etymology

From Latin nec.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/

### Conjunction

ni
* nor
* neither...nor
* either...or

## Livonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nügüt. Cognates include Finnish nyt.

### Adverb

ni
* now

## Lolopo
### Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *(ʔ)-ne¹, from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔnəj¹/³, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj (“sun; day”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ni³³]

### Noun

ni
* (Yao'an) day

### References

* Merrifield, Judith, Merrifield, Scott (2018) “Query for ni”, in Yao'an Loxrlavu – English Dictionary (in Chinese), SIL International

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German nie, from Old High German nio. Cognate with German nie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /niː/

### Adverb

ni
* never

#### Synonyms

* (never): nimools, keemol, keemools

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/
* Rhymes: -ni, -i

### Determiner

ni (Jawi spelling ني)
* Colloquial form of ini

### Pronoun

ni (Jawi spelling ني)
* Colloquial form of ini

## Mandarin
### Romanization

ni
* Nonstandard spelling of nī.
* Nonstandard spelling of ní.
* Nonstandard spelling of nǐ.
* Nonstandard spelling of nì.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Marshallese
### Etymology

From Proto-Micronesian *niu, from Proto-Oceanic *niuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.

### Pronunciation

* (phonetic) IPA: [nʲi]
* (phonemic) IPA: /nʲij/
* Bender phonemes: {niy}

### Noun

ni
* coconut tree

#### Related terms

* iu (coconut)

### References

* Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

## Middle English
### Adverb

ni
* Alternative form of ne

### Conjunction

ni
* Alternative form of ne

## Middle Irish
### Particle

ni
* Alternative spelling of ní

## Mizo
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nii (“sun; day”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj (“sun; day”).

#### Noun

ni
* sun
* day
* time

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ni
* aunt

### References

* Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940) “ni”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

## Mohegan-Pequot
### Pronoun

ni (first person singular)
* singular first-person pronoun I

## Mokilese
### Etymology

From Proto-Micronesian *niu, from Proto-Oceanic *niuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.

### Noun

ni
* coconut tree

#### Derived terms

* ni pwespwes
* ni rei
* ni roam
* ni soal
* ni wahssa

#### References

* Harrison, Sheldon P., Mokilese-English Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press 1977

## Navajo
### Pronoun

ni
* second person singular pronoun you
    Shí dóó ni ayóo ałk’is niidlį́.You and I are really good friends.
* second person singular possessive pronoun yours
    Díí naaltsoos éí ni.This book is yours.

#### Usage notes

The verb in Navajo incorporates information about person, and many sentences may thus not have explicit independent pronouns. For instance:
* Hooghandi naniná.
* Ni éí hooghandi naniná.
Both sentences are grammatically complete, and mean essentially the same thing: you are at home. The verb naniná is in the second-person form, so the pronoun can be safely omitted, as in the first sentence. This is similar to pronoun dropping in other languages where the verb specifies person, such as Spanish. Meanwhile, the explicit use of ni in the second sentence emphasizes that the speaker is talking about you. This can be thought of as roughly equivalent to the use of emphasis in English: while the first sentence comes across as you're at home, the second one is more like you, you're at home.

#### See also
## Naxi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja.

#### Noun

ni
* fish

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s.

#### Numeral

ni
* two

### References

* Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012

## Ningil
### Noun

ni
* water

### References

* transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
* Margaret Manning, Naomi Saggers, A Tentative Phonemic Analysis of Ningil (SIL), in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse níu (whence also Danish ni, Icelandic níu, Faroese níggju and Swedish nio) from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun); Old English niġon (English nine); Old Frisian nigun (West Frisian njoggen); Old High German niun (German neun).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/

### Numeral

ni
* nine

#### Derived terms

* førtini
* nittini

#### Related terms

* niende

### References

* “ni” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* nio, nie (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Old Norse níu.

### Numeral

ni
* nine

#### Derived terms

* førtini
* nittini

### References

* “ni” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Nutabe
### Noun

ni
* water

### References

* Paul Rivet, Nouvelle contribution à l’étude de l’ethnologie précolombienne de Colombie, Journal de la Société des Américanistes volume 35, pages 25-39 (1943), page 26

## Old Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈɲi/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈɲi/

### Pronoun

ni
* dual accusative of oně

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* ne

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ne.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/

### Particle

ni
* not

#### Derived terms

* nein

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: ne
** German: nee (dialectal)

## Old Irish
### Particle

ni
* Alternative spelling of ní

## Omaha-Ponca
### Etymology

From Proto-Siouan *wa-rį́• (“water”).

### Noun

ni
* water

### References

* Alice Cunningham Fletcher, Francis La Flesche, The Omaha Tribe (1970), page 166

## Phalura

* A user suggests that this Phalura entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “expand the cryptic abbreviations”.
* Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/

#### Determiner

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
* this (agr: prox fem / prox non-nom masc)

#### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/

#### Determiner

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
* these (agr: prox)

#### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/

#### Pronoun

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
* it
* she (prox fem nom)

#### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/

#### Pronoun

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
* they (prox nom)

#### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɲi/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈɲi]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: ni
* Homophone: -ni

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ni.

#### Conjunction

ni
* (archaic) Synonym of ani

##### Derived terms

* ni pies, ni wydra
* ni tak, ni siak
* ni to, ni sio

### Etymology 2

See nie.

#### Particle

ni
* (dialectal, Przemyśl) Alternative form of nie

### Etymology 3

See ny.

#### Noun

ni n (indeclinable)
* Alternative form of ny

### Further reading

* ni in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ni in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Aleksander Saloni (1899) “ni”, in “Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska”, in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors, Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 241

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νῦ (nû).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈni/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈni/
* Hyphenation: ni

### Noun

ni m (plural nis)
* nu (the thirteenth letter of the Greek alphabet)

## Proto-Norse
### Romanization

ni
* Romanization of ᚾᛁ

## Rawang
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni˧/

### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* vni

#### Verb

ni
* to pour; to water.

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* vni

#### Noun

ni
* headhair.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj. Cognate with Burmese နေ (ne) and နေ့ (ne.), Old Chinese 日 (*njiɡ).

#### Noun

ni
* day (24 hour).

##### See also

* yáng (“daytime”)

## Romanian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin.

#### Pronoun

ni
* Alternative form of ne (dative of noi): to us

##### Usage notes

This form is used when ne (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:
* îl (the accusative of el, contracted as ni-l)
* îi (the accusative of ei, contracted as ni-i)
* le (the accusative of ele)
* se (the reflexive accusative of all third-person pronouns)

##### See also

* li
* vi

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hungarian ni.

#### Interjection

ni
* (Transylvania) lo!, look!, behold!
    Ni la el! ― Look at him!

## Samoan
### Article

ni
* some (plural indefinite article)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ni (“nor, not”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nej, from Proto-Indo-European *ney. Compare ni-, ne.

### Particle

ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)
* (emphasizes negation) even, either
    ni ja to ne znam — even I don't know that; I don't know that either
    Nisam ni htio čuti njegov prijedlog.I didn't even want to hear his proposal.

### Conjunction

ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)
* (shortening of niti) neither, nor
    ona nije ni pametna ni(ti) marljiva — she is neither smart nor industrious
    ni traga ni glasa o .. — not a trace about ..
    ni kriv ni dužan — completely innocent (lit. neither guilty nor indebted)

## Sicilian
### Alternative forms

* nni

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ni]
* (unstressed) IPA: [nɪ]

### Pronoun

ni
* us, accusative of nuàutri
* us, dative of nuàutri
* us, reflexive of nuàutri

#### See also

* nuàutri
* vi

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nìː/

### Verb

ní
* negative third-person singular present of bíti

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈni/ [ˈni]
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: ni

### Etymology 1

From Old Spanish nin, from Latin nec, apocopated form of neque, from Proto-Indo-European *nekʷe (“and not, neither, nor”), from *ne (“not”) + *-kʷe (“and”). Compare Asturian and Galician nin, Catalan and French ni, Portuguese nem, Italian né, Dalmatian ne. Indo-European cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌷 (nih) and Irish nach.

#### Conjunction

ni
* (coordinating) neither... nor
    Antonym: o ... o
    No tengo ni dinero ni tiempo.I have neither money nor time.
** (with three or more referents) none of...
    Ni Juan, ni Pedro, ni Felipe te darán la razón.None of John, Peter, or Phillip will give you the reason.
* nor, or
    No descansa de día ni de noche.He doesn't rest during the day nor during the night.

##### Derived terms

* ni chicha ni limonada
* ni come, ni deja comer
* ni corto ni perezoso
* ni fu ni fa
* ni grado ni gracias
* ni idea
* ni ir ni venir
* ni lerdo ni perezoso
* ni más ni menos
* ni olvido, ni perdón
* ni pena ni gloria
* ni rey ni roque
* ni tanto ni tan calvo
* ni va ni viene
* ni visto ni oído
* sin chistar ni mistar
* sin oficio ni beneficio
* sin pena ni gloria
* sin pies ni cabeza
* sin tripas ni cuajar

#### Adverb

ni
* not even
    No descansaba ni por un minutoI didn't rest even for a minute.
    Ni yo sé qué significa esta palabra.Not even I know what this word means.

##### Derived terms

* ni a balazos
* ni a cañón
* ni a cañonazos
* ni a dos tirones
* ni a la de tres
* ni a palos
* ni a tiros
* ni a tres tirones
* ni bien
* ni borracho
* ni buscado con un candil
* ni con mucho
* ni cosa que lo valga
* ni Cristo que lo fundó
* ni de broma
* ni de coña
* ni de guasa
* ni de lejos
* ni Dios
* ni en sueños
* ni gaitas
* ni ganas
* ni hablar
* ni hablar del peluquín
* ni harto de vino
* ni hecho a propósito
* ni idea
* ni jota
* ni madre
* ni media palabra
* ni modo
* ni mu
* ni mucho menos
* ni muerto
* ni palabra
* ni pensarlo
* ni pío
* ni pizca
* ni por asomo
* ni por esas
* ni por un cristo
* ni que
* ni que decir tiene
* ni qué hostias
* ni qué leches
* ni qué niño muerto
* ni qué ocho cuartos
* ni qué pan caliente
* ni remotamente
* ni siquiera
* ni un pelo
* nini
* no dejar verde ni seco
* no ni na
* ya ni la friegas

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ni f (plural níes)
* nu; the Greek letter Ν, ν
    Synonym: ny

### Further reading

* “ni”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili

Other scripts :
| Ajami | نِـ |

### Etymology

The use as a focus marker is original. This then acquired a presentative meaning (“it is”), which was finally reanalyzed as a copula.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Particle

ni
* focus marker
** 2022, Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar: Chimbuko, Misingi na Maendeleo, Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, →ISBN:Lengo la Mwalimu Nyerere kujiuzulu nafasi hiyo lilikuwa ni pamoja na kukiimarisha chama cha TANU kuweza kuyakabili vizuri majukumu ya uhuru.Mwalimu Nyerere's goal when he resigned from that position was nothing but to strengthen the TANU party to be able to effectively face the responsibilities of independence.

### Verb

ni
* positive degree present and gnomic (all persons, numbers, and classes) of -wa (“to be”)

### References

* ↑ John H. McWhorter (1992) “NI and the Copula System in Swahili: A Diachronic Approach”, in Diachronica, volume 9, number 1, →DOI, pages 15–46

## Swedish
### Etymology

Since 1661, through rebracketing of the 2nd plural verb suffix -(e)n and the older pronoun I ("ye"), e.g. vissten I > visste ni (“did you know”). Compare Icelandic þér and þið which developed similarly.
The Old Swedish ī, īr derives from Old Norse *īʀ (East Norse variant of ér) from Proto-Germanic *jīz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Compare Danish I.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /niː/
* Rhymes: -iː

### Pronoun

ni
* you (plural nominative)
    Du är bara en person, men ni där borta är fyra personerYou are just one person, but you/you guys over there are four people
* you (second-person singular nominative formal) (capitalized Ni, rare in modern use)
** (obsolete) title used when addressing a person of lower social rank
    –Ni kan börja med att städa kontoret, fröken Andersson. –Javisst, Herr Direktör.–You can start with cleaning the office, miss Andersson. –Certainly, Mr. Director
** (colloquial, perceived formal, derogatory to some) by some considered a respectful alternative to du (“you”), especially when addressing customers or the elderly
    Vill ni ha en påse med köpet?Do you want a bag with your purchase?

#### Usage notes

Both ni and er are second person plural forms, but can also be used as formal second person singular, as in the German Sie or French vous. It may sometimes also be capitalized (Ni, Er). The courteous "ni" was introduced in Swedish around the year 1900 as an alternative to the more complicated pattern of addressing others in the third person singular by their appropriate titles. This required knowledge of social status, occupation, educations, etc. with terms like fru (“Mrs.”) or fröken (“Ms.”), greve (“count”), kamrer (“accountant”), kandidat (“bachelor's degree holder”), etc. However this "ni-reform" was not well liked and when authority came to use the word ni to their subordinates the word got a condescending undertone. Interestingly enough the older I, from which ni was originally formed, was used alongside ni all along (and is still in use in some dialects) but never got the condescending undertone that ni got. This was all phased out gradually during the 1960s and 1970s in the so-called du-reformen, (“the you-reform”). In contemporary Swedish, du is universal and may be used to address anyone, regardless of differences in social status or age.
Ni is used occasionally by younger speakers to address customers in order to be formal and polite. However this is often seen as being overly formal and too contrived, even condescending and insulting, especially by older speakers. Formality and politeness in modern Swedish is not conveyed through specific grammatical forms, but primarily done through indirectness, manners of speaking or various other behaviors.

#### Synonyms

* I

### References

* ni in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ni in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* ni in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* in

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ni/ [n̪ɪ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: ni

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Austronesian *ni (“marker of possession”).

#### Preposition

ni (plural nina, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)
* of; possessive particle, used only with personal names
    bisikleta ni Juan ― Juan's bicycle
* objective marker for personal names, objective form of si; functional equivalent of ng

##### Derived terms

* ani

##### See also
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish ni (“not even”), from Old Spanish nin, from Latin nec, apocopated form of neque.

#### Conjunction

ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)
* neither; nor
    Ni ako hindi nagsisigarilyo. ― Even I don't do cigarettes.
    Ni aso ni pusa. ― Neither dog nor cat.

#### Related terms

* ni ultimo

#### See also

* kahit
* man

#### Adverb

ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)
* not even
    Synonym: ni ultimo
    Hindi ako humingi ni isang butil ng bigas. ― I didn't ask not even for a single grain of rice.

### Anagrams

* -in, -in-, in-

## Tarifit
### Alternative forms

* ney

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

ni (Tifinagh spelling ⵏⵉ)
* (intransitive) to mount (on an animal)
* (intransitive) to get into, to board, to embark (a vehicle)

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* Verbal noun: tnaya (“mounting, boarding”)
* Causative: sni (“to make board”)
** Verbal noun: aseniy
* tnaya (“transport”)
* amnay (“rider; cavalier, knight”)

## Tokelauan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ni]
* Hyphenation: ni

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *ni. Cognates include Tuvaluan ni and Samoan ni.

#### Article

ni
* Plural indefinite article; any

##### See also
### Etymology 2
#### Particle

ni
* Changes a statement into a polite question; isn't it? doesn't it?

### References

* R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎, Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 250

## Unami
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ni]

### Pronoun

ni
* I

## Ura (Vanuatu)
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni/, [ni]

### Noun

ni
* tree

### Further reading

* Terry Crowley, Ura: A Disappearing Language of Southern Vanuatu (1999)

## Uzbek
### Particle

ni
* accusative case marker; placed after the direct object of a transitive verb
    Men O'zbek tilini o'rganyapman.I am studying Uzbek.

## Veps
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ни (ni).

### Determiner

ni
* not, not a, no

#### Inflection

Not inflected.

### Conjunction

ni ... ni
* neither ... nor

### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “ни”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

See này.
This is one of many cases in which monophthongs were not diphthongized in Central Vietnamese, compare mày vs. mi, chấy vs. chí, nước vs. nác.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ni˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [nɪj˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [nɪj˧˧]

### Determiner

ni
* (Central Vietnam) this

### Adverb

ni
* (Central Vietnam) now

### See also

proximal (*-iː)
distal 1 (*-iːʔ)
distal 2 (*-əːʔ)
distal 3/ remote (*-ɔːʔ)
interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel)
place, attributive$^1$ n-
ni nì này/nầy nây
nấy
nớ
nọ (nó)
nào
place, nominal$^2$ đ-
đây
đấy (ấy)
đó
đâu
manner r-
ri rày
rứa
ru sao$^3$
extent 1$^4$ b-
bây
bấy
bao
extent 2$^5$ v-
vầy
vậy
$^1$ Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). $^2$ Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). $^3$ From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). $^4$ Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). $^5$ Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”).
visibility/evidentiality$^6$
distal (ngang)
remote (huyền)
Northern-Southern
kia (cơ)
kìa (cờ)
Central
tê
tề
$^6$ Originally, these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and/or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles, often in reduced forms cơ/cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội, còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ("From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!") (Ba ngày luân lạc, 1943). :

### Anagrams

* in

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /niː/
* Rhymes: -iː

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.

#### Pronoun

ni
* us; we

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *nīs, from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”).

#### Adverb

ni (triggers mixed mutation)
* (literary) not
** 2004, Beibl Cymraeg Newydd Diwygiedig‎, Cymdeithas y Beibl, Genesis 21:26:Dywedodd Abimelech, “Ni wn i ddim pwy a wnaeth hyn; ni ddywedaist wrthyf, ac ni chlywais i sôn am y peth cyn heddiw.”Abimelech said, “I do not know who has done this; you did not tell me, and I did not hear anything about it until today.”

##### Usage notes

* Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
* The form nid is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form ni remains, thus ni + gwn becomes ni wn, not *nid wn.
* In literary registers, dim (“anything”) may be added (as ddim, with soft mutation) for emphasis, so ni chlywais i ddim may mean either “I did not hear anything” or simply “I did not hear”. In the colloquial language, ni is omitted but the mixed mutation remains, giving chlywais i ddim (“I didn't hear”).

##### See also

* dim (“not”) (colloquial)

### References

* ↑ Gareth King, editor (2000), “ni”, in Pocket Modern Oxford Welsh Dictionary: Welsh-English, Oxford University Press, →ISBN

## West Makian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n̪i/

### Pronoun

ni (possessive prefix ni)
* second-person singular pronoun, you

#### See also

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

## Wutunhua
### Etymology

From Mandarin 你 (nǐ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [n̪i]

### Pronoun

ni
* you (second-person subject pronoun)

#### See also
## Yil
### Noun

ni
* water

### References

* transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
* A Tentative Phonemic Statement in Yil in West Sepik Province, in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

IPA: /nĩ́/

#### Noun

ní
* The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* nẹ́ (Ondo, Ikalẹ)

#### Pronunciation

IPA: /nĩ́/

#### Verb

ní
* (transitive) to have

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

IPA: /nĩ́/

#### Preposition

ní
* at, in (used when no movement is implied)
* preposition used for creating adverbials

##### Derived terms

* lẹ́ẹ̀kan (“once”)
* lẹ́yìn (“behind, except”)
* lọ́dọọdún (“every year”)
* lọ́jọ́ ọ̀la (“in the future”)
* lọ́la (“tomorrow”)
* lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀ (“every week”)
* lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sán (“every afternoon”)
* lọ́sàn-án (“in the afternoon”)
* lọ́tùn-ún-la (“the day after tomorrow”)
* lábẹ́ (“under”)
* lálaalẹ́ (“every evening”)
* lálẹ́ (“in the evening”)
* lánàá (“yesterday”)
* láràárọ̀ (“every morning”)
* láyé àtijọ́ (“historically”)
* láàárọ̀ (“in the morning”)
* lóde òní (“nowadays”)
* lójoojúmọ́ (“everyday”)
* lókè (“over, above”)
* lónìí (“today”)
* lópin (“at the end”)
* lórí (“on top, on”)
* lóòótọ́ (“in truth”)
* ní báyìí (“at this time”)
* níbẹ̀ (“there”)
* níbẹ̀rẹ̀ (“at the start”)
* níbikíbi (“anywhere”)
* níbo (“where”)
* níbí (“here”)
* nígbà tí (“when”)
* nígbàkugbà (“at any time”)
* níjẹta (“two days ago”)
* nílẹ̀ (“down”)
* nílé (“at home”)
* nínú (“inside”)
* nípòkípò (“in any position”)
* nísàlẹ̀ (“below, under”)
* nítorí (“because of”)

##### See also

* sí

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

IPA: /nĩ́/

#### Verb

ní
* (intransitive) to say

##### See also

* sọ
* wí

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

IPA: /nĩ̄/

#### Verb

ni
* (transitive) to be (to have a quality or identification)

##### Usage notes

This verb cannot be used with regular subject pronouns such as mo or ó, and emphatic subject pronouns must be used in their place. This verb is also often used in a flipped structure where the quality or identification becomes the grammatical subject of the verb while an object pronoun is used for the actual subject of the sentence.
* Òun ni ọ̀rẹ́ mi. – He is my friend. (uses the emphatic pronoun òun instead of ó)
* Ṣé ọmọ Yorùbá ni yín? – Are you Yoruba? (Ọmọ Yorùbá becomes the subject of ni while "you" becomes the object pronoun yín)

##### See also

* jẹ́
* wà

### Etymology 6
#### Pronunciation

IPA: /nĩ̄/
* (intransitive) to be bloated, to be tumid

#### Derived terms

* níni

## Zou
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj. Cognates include Northern Min 日 (nì) and Burmese နေ (ne).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni˧/

#### Noun

ni
* sun

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ni, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s. Cognates include Northern Min 二 (nī) and Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ni˧/

#### Numeral

ni
* two

### References

* Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40

## Zulu
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

-ni$^?$
* what (kind of)

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

-ni
* Combining stem of nina.

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-ni”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ni”