# basque
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French basque.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bæsk/, /bɑːsk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Homophones: bask, Basque
* Rhymes: -æsk, -ɑːsk

### Noun

basque (plural basques)
* The part of a waistcoat etc. extending below the waist.
* A woman's close-fitting bodice, underbodice, or corset having such a feature.

#### Derived terms

* basqued

#### See also

* saut de basque
* basquine
* vasquine

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bask/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French baste, probably borrowed from Provençal or Occitan basto, from Frankish *bastijan (“to weave, plait, sew”). But others suggest it was named after the fashion of the Basques, the same as basquine and Spanish basquiña.

#### Noun

basque f (plural basques)
* skirt, skirts (of a jacket, morning coat etc.); basque (of waistcoat)
* (figurative), a language spoken by basque poeples.
** 2015 January, Virginie Despentes, Vernon Subutex, volume 1, Éditions Grasset, →ISBN, page 15:Il n’était pas fidèle, et elles se suspendaient d’autant plus facilement à ses basques que lui ne pensait qu’à se défiler.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Derived terms

* coller aux basques
* lâcher les basques

### Etymology 2

This form is inherited from Middle French and took precedence in the mid 15th century. Derived from Latin Vascō, singular form of the plural noun Vascones (see there for more).
The transition of the initial -v- to -b- indicates a likely loan from Spanish or Occitan. Old French forms included bascle, and Old Provençal (Occitan), bascon, basclon. Medieval Latin had the plurals bascli, basculi, and basclos, basculos, but also basclones, basculones, while Renaissance Latin used Basculus among other names. The latinate forms with a v have remained in use too. Doublet of gascon and Vascon, from the accusative form Vasconem. A connection to the family of Basque euskal, euskara is uncertain.

#### Noun

basque m (uncountable)
* Basque (language)

#### Adjective

basque (plural basques)
* Basque

#### Derived terms

* Pays basque
* pelote basque
* tour de basque
* courir comme un basque
* tambour de basque

#### Descendants

* → English: Basque
** → Welsh: Basg
* ⇒ Irish: Bascach, Bascais

### References

* ↑ “basque”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
* ↑ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “basque”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 1: A–B, page 272
* ↑ “basque” in Émile Littré, Dictionnaire de la langue française, 1872–1877.
* ↑ “basquine”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
* ↑ Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (basquine, supplement)
* ↑ Cotgrave, Randle (1611) “Basquine; Vasquine; Vasquiner”, in A dictionarie of the French and English tongues‎, A.Islip
* ↑ “basquiña”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* ↑ but it is attested already in the 13th century: EODA: Euskal Herria.
* ↑ “basque”, in Dictionnaire de l’occitan médiéval en ligne (in German and French), Munich: LMU, 2013–2025
* ↑ "Bascli", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* ↑ “Basque”, in Dictionnaire universel francois et latin, contenant la signification et la definition tant des mots de l'une & de l'autre langue, volume 1, 1752, page 1405

## Middle French
### Alternative forms

* bascle, basclois [12th-14th century]. Compare Anglo-Norman bascle, baskle [13th–14th centuries]
* Bascon, Bascot. Compare Middle English Baskone, basclon. [15th century]
* Basquain, Bisquain, Bizquain. Compare French biscaïen, biscayne, and Middle English Bisker.

### Etymology

See above.

### Noun

basque m (plural basques)
* Basque (language)
* Basque (person)
* (historical) biscaïen or biscayne, a person or a thing related to the region of Biscay or the city Bayonne

#### Synonyms

* Cantaber

### References

* ↑ basque$^1$ on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
* 1 2 Godefroy, Frédéric (1901) Lexique de l'ancien français, page 48
* ↑ basque in Anglo-Norman Dictionary, Aberystwyth University, 2022
* 1 2 “basque”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000: “Portyngalers, Galycyans, Biskers, Baskones, Chavers, and Bretoners”
* ↑ "basque", in Jean Nicot, Thresor de la langue françoyse, tant ancienne que moderne (1606).