# instigator
## English
### Etymology

From Latin īnstīgātor (“stimulator”), from īnstīgāre (present infinitive of īnstīgō (“to incite, set on, stimulate, rouse or urge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp, to stab; to puncture; to goad”)) + -or (from -ō (suffix forming masculine agent nouns), from Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂- (suffix forming nouns denoting authority or burden)); cognate with French instigateur. By surface analysis, instigate +‎ -or.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɪnstɪɡeɪtə/
* Audio (Received Pronunciation):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɪnstəˌɡeɪtɚ/, /-ɾɚ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Hyphenation: in‧sti‧gat‧or

### Noun

instigator (plural instigators)
* A person who intentionally instigates, incites, or starts something, especially one that creates trouble.
** 1606, Edvvard Forset [i.e., Edward Forsett], “An Examination of a Position Published by P. R. in the Preface of His Treatise, Tending to Mitigation, Concerning the Lawfullnesse of the Popes Power ouer Princes: With a Defence of the Oath of Allegiance”, in A Comparative Discovrse of the Bodies Natvral and Politique. Wherein out of the Principles of Nature, is Set Forth the True Forme of a Commonweale, with the Dutie of Subiects, and the Right of the Soueraigne: Together with Many Good Points of Politicall Learning, Mentioned in a Briefe after the Preface, London: Printed for Iohn Bill, →OCLC, page 92:[T]he Pope doth not keepe his quarter, but will needs breake forth of the rayles and limits of that diſtinction, taking vpon him to be authorized alſo temporally, and that, for the ſuppreſſion and ſubverſion of the Civill Soveraignity, […] whence muſt neceſſarily ariſe either privie complottings, or open attempts, in favour of their opinions, and in furtherance of their deſires, which how farre it will extend, and into how deepe degrees it vſeth to grow, many ſorowfull and fearefull examples hath in this Realme demonſtratively declared vnto vs, to every whereof Papacy hath beene the ſtirrer and inſtigator.
** 1648, John Owen, “An Answer, to the Twentieth Chapter of the Booke Intituled, The Universality of Gods Free Grace, &c. being a Collection of All the Arguments Used by the Author, throughout the whole Booke to Proove the Universality of Redemption”, in Salus Electorum, Sanguis Jesu; or the Death of Death in the Death of Christ. A Treatise of the Redemption and Reconciliation that is in the Blood of Christ with the Merit thereof, and the Satisfaction Wrought thereby. [...], London: Printed by W. W. for Philemon Stephens; and are to be sold at his shop at the Golden Lyon in St Pauls Church-yard, →OCLC, book IV, page 279:[H]e [Jesus Christ] whom they deſpiſed as the Carpenters Sonne and bad come downe from the Croſſe, if he could, is exalted to the right hand of God, having all judgement committed to him, having before hand in his death, judged, ſentenced, & overcom Sathan the Prince of this World, the chief inſtigatour of his crucifiers, who had the power of death.
** 1950 March, Eric S. Tonks, “The Whitacre—Hampton-in-Arden Line, L.M.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 187:The author (obviously a naturalist of no mean order) received an official rap over the knuckles for trespassing, and for encouraging others to do so. Evidently the instigator of this reprimand had not visited the railway in blackberry time!
** 1964, Albert Pepitone, “The Reaction to Boastfulness”, in Attraction and Hostility: An Experimental Analysis of Interpersonal and Self Evaluation (The Atherton Press Behavioral Science Series), New York, N.Y.: Atherton Press, OCLC 490312942; reprinted New Brunswick, N.J.: Aldine Transaction, Transaction Publishers, 2009, →ISBN, page 77:
    In studies designed to arouse aggression, the instigator often not only threatens the subject, but also expresses an extremely high self-evaluation. Subjects are insulted about their intelligence, sexual attractiveness, and character, and, at the same time, the instigator implies or explicitly describes his own superiority in these respects.
** 1978 December 23, Nancy Walker, “Bah! Humbug!”, in Gay Community News, volume 6, number 22, page 16:I love my lover. I do not want to be the instigator of anguish for her.
** 2004, Erik A. Fisher, Steven W. Sharp, “The Players”, in The Art of Managing Everyday Conflict: Understanding Emotions and Power Struggles, Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishing, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 55:The instigator has the power to start the conflict. The person instigating the conflict always seeks power in some form. That is why they are starting the fight. […] An example of this is a child who tells two different kids that they are saying things about each other. This then starts a fight between the two kids, and the instigator gets to watch the fireworks. The instigator likes to feel the power of seeing the other two kids fight. In some cases, the instigator may want to redirect attention away from him- or herself and onto someone else.
** 2012, Daniel McCool, “Crumbling Edifice”, in River Republic: The Fall and Rise of America's Rivers, New York, N.Y., Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 12:Although each [river] restoration is unique, the genesis of most projects appears to center on a singular sort of individual that I have come to call "the instigator." Instigators are typically average Americans, quite often from a background that we would not consider a position of power. They are "housewives," students, small business people, retired persons, or a local politician or government administrator.

#### Alternative forms

* instigatour (obsolete, rare)

#### Synonyms

* inciter
* initiator
* troublemaker

#### Related terms

* instigate
* instigation

#### Translations
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /in.stiːˈɡaː.tor/, [ĩːs̠t̪iːˈɡäːt̪ɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /in.stiˈɡa.tor/, [inst̪iˈɡäːt̪or]

### Etymology 1

From īnstīgō (“to incite, instigate”) +‎ -tor.

#### Noun

īnstīgātor m (genitive īnstīgātōris, feminine īnstīgātrīx); third declension
* stimulator, instigator

##### Declension

Third-declension noun.

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

īnstīgātor
* second/third-person singular future passive imperative of īnstīgō

### References

* “instigator”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “instigator”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "instigator", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* instigator in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French instigateur.

### Noun

instigator m (plural instigatori, feminine equivalent instigatoare)
* instigator