# avant-garde
## English
### Alternative forms

* avantgarde

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde (“vanguard”). Doublet of vanguard and vaward.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /æˈvɑ̃t.ɡɑːd/, /æˈvɑ̃.ɡɑːd/, /ˌæ.vɑ̃ˈɡɑːd/, /ˈæ.vn̩t.ɡɑːd/
* (US) IPA: /ˌɑˌvɑntˈɡɑɹd/, /əˌvɑntˈɡɑɹd/, /ˌæ.vɑntˈɡɑɹd/, /ˌɑˌvæntˈɡɑɹd/, /əˌvæntˈɡɑɹd/, /ˌɑˌvɑ̃ˈɡɑɹd/, /ˌæˌvɑ̃ˈɡɑɹd/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

avant-garde (plural avant-gardes)
* (obsolete) The vanguard of an army or other force.
    Antonym: arrière-garde
* Any group of people who invent or promote new techniques or concepts, especially in the arts.
    Antonym: arrière-garde

#### Translations
### Adjective

avant-garde (comparative more avant-garde, superlative most avant-garde)
* Innovative and pioneering, especially when extremely or obviously so.
    Synonyms: underground; see also Thesaurus:innovation
    It was a very avant-garde production.
** 2014, James Dobson, Modesty and Self-Esteem‎:I fear she will pay a heavy price for the avant-garde ideas she has been sold.

#### Translations
### Derived terms

* avant-dance
* avant-garage
* avant-gardism
* avant-gardist
* avantgardist
* avantgardistic
* avant-metal
* avantpop
* avant-pop
* transavantgarde

### See also

* leading edge

## Finnish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑʋɑntˌɡɑrde/, [ˈɑ̝ʋɑ̝n̪t̪ˌɡɑ̝rde̞]
* IPA: /ˈɑʋɑn(t)ˌɡɑːr(d)/, [ˈɑ̝ʋɑ̝n(t̪)ˌɡɑ̝ːr(d)]
* Rhymes: -ɑrde
* Hyphenation: avant‧garde

### Noun

avant-garde
* Synonym of avantgardismi.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of avant-garde (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
avant-gardeni
accusative
nom.
avant-gardeni
gen.
avant-gardeni
genitive
avant-gardeni
partitive
avant-gardeani
inessive
avant-gardessani
elative
avant-gardestani
illative
avant-gardeeni
adessive
avant-gardellani
ablative
avant-gardeltani
allative
avant-gardelleni
essive
avant-gardenani
translative
avant-gardekseni
abessive
avant-gardettani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
avant-gardesi
accusative
nom.
avant-gardesi
gen.
avant-gardesi
genitive
avant-gardesi
partitive
avant-gardeasi
inessive
avant-gardessasi
elative
avant-gardestasi
illative
avant-gardeesi
adessive
avant-gardellasi
ablative
avant-gardeltasi
allative
avant-gardellesi
essive
avant-gardenasi
translative
avant-gardeksesi
abessive
avant-gardettasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
avant-gardemme
accusative
nom.
avant-gardemme
gen.
avant-gardemme
genitive
avant-gardemme
partitive
avant-gardeamme
inessive
avant-gardessamme
elative
avant-gardestamme
illative
avant-gardeemme
adessive
avant-gardellamme
ablative
avant-gardeltamme
allative
avant-gardellemme
essive
avant-gardenamme
translative
avant-gardeksemme
abessive
avant-gardettamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
avant-gardenne
accusative
nom.
avant-gardenne
gen.
avant-gardenne
genitive
avant-gardenne
partitive
avant-gardeanne
inessive
avant-gardessanne
elative
avant-gardestanne
illative
avant-gardeenne
adessive
avant-gardellanne
ablative
avant-gardeltanne
allative
avant-gardellenne
essive
avant-gardenanne
translative
avant-gardeksenne
abessive
avant-gardettanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
avant-gardensa
accusative
nom.
avant-gardensa
gen.
avant-gardensa
genitive
avant-gardensa
partitive
avant-gardeaan avant-gardeansa
inessive
avant-gardessaan avant-gardessansa
elative
avant-gardestaan avant-gardestansa
illative
avant-gardeensa
adessive
avant-gardellaan avant-gardellansa
ablative
avant-gardeltaan avant-gardeltansa
allative
avant-gardelleen avant-gardellensa
essive
avant-gardenaan avant-gardenansa
translative
avant-gardekseen avant-gardeksensa
abessive
avant-gardettaan avant-gardettansa
instructive
comitative

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French avantgarde. By surface analysis, avant (“before, in front of”) +‎ garde (“guard”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.vɑ̃.ɡaʁd/
* Audio (Vosges):(file)

### Noun

avant-garde f (plural avant-gardes)
* (military) vanguard [since mid-12th c.]
    Antonym: arrière-garde
** 1879, Alfred Barbou, Les Trois Républiques françaises : Histoire populaire de la République en France [The Three French Republics: People's history of the Republic in France], A. Duquesne:Le 11 décembre, les avant-gardes ennemies étaient signalées aux environs de Château-Thierry.On December 11, the enemy vanguard was reported in the vicinity of Château-Thierry.
* (figuratively) avant-garde, firing line [since mid-16th c.]
* (Marxism) vanguard, the most politicized and conscious part of the proletariat.
** 1917, Vladimir Lenin, “Chapter II, part 1”, in L’État et la Révolution‎:En éduquant le parti ouvrier, le marxisme éduque une avant-garde du prolétariat capable de prendre le pouvoir et de mener le peuple tout entier au socialisme, de diriger et d’organiser un régime nouveau, d’être l’éducateur, le guide et le chef de tous les travailleurs et exploités pour l’organisation de leur vie sociale, sans la bourgeoisie et contre la bourgeoisie. Au contraire, l’opportunisme régnant éduque, dans le parti ouvrier, des représentants des travailleurs les mieux rétribués qui se détachent de la masse : ils "s’accommodent" assez bien du régime capitaliste et vendent pour un plat de lentilles leur droit d’aînesse, c’est-à-dire qu’ils abdiquent leur rôle de chefs révolutionnaires du peuple dans la lutte contre la bourgeoisie.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* avant-gardisme
* avant-gardiste
* d’avant-garde

#### Descendants

* → Danish: avantgarde
* → English: avant-garde
* → German: Avantgarde
* → Korean: 아방가르드 (abanggareudeu)
* → Norwegian Bokmål: avantgarde
* → Norwegian Nynorsk: avantgarde
* → Swedish: avantgarde
* → Turkish: avangart

### Further reading

* “avant-garde”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.

### Noun

avant-garde
* avant-garde
    Synonyms: garda depan, pelopor, perintis

### Further reading

* “avant-garde” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Middle French
### Noun

avant-garde f (plural avant-gardes)
* (military) vanguard

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /aˌvɐ̃ˈɡaʁ.d͡ʒi/ [aˌvɐ̃ˈɡaɦ.d͡ʒi]
* (Brazil) IPA: /aˌvɐ̃ˈɡaʁ.d͡ʒi/ [aˌvɐ̃ˈɡaɦ.d͡ʒi]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /aˌvɐ̃ˈɡaɾ.d͡ʒi/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /aˌvɐ̃ˈɡaʁ.d͡ʒi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /aˌvɐ̃ˈɡaɻ.de/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐˌvɐ̃ˈɡaɾ.dɨ/ [ɐˌvɐ̃ˈɡaɾ.ðɨ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐˌvɐ̃ˈɡaɾ.dɨ/ [ɐˌvɐ̃ˈɡaɾ.ðɨ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ɐˌbɐ̃ˈɡaɾ.dɨ/ [ɐˌβɐ̃ˈɡaɾ.ðɨ]
* Hyphenation: a‧vant-gar‧de

### Noun

avant-garde m (plural avant-gardes)
* avant-garde

### Adjective

avant-garde m or f (plural avant-gardes)
* avant-garde