# नरक
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* नर्क (nark)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नरक (naraka).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /nə.ɾək/, [nɐ.ɾɐk]

### Noun

नरक • (narak) m
* hell
    Synonym: (Islam) जहन्नुम (jahannum)

#### Declension
## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘡𑘨𑘎 (naraka, “hell”), from Sanskrit नरक (naraka, “hell”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nə.ɾək/

### Noun

नरक • (narak) m
* hell
    Antonym: स्वर्ग (svarga)

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “नरक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “नरक”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

## Nepali
### Alternative forms

* नर्क (narka)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nʌɾʌk]
* Phonetic Devanagari: नरक्

### Noun

नरक • (narak)
* hell

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* naraka (Latin script)
* 𑀦𑀭𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* নরক (Bengali script)
* නරක (Sinhalese script)
* နရက or ၼရၵ (Burmese script)
* นรก or นะระกะ (Thai script)
* ᨶᩁᨠ (Tai Tham script)
* ນຣກ or ນະຣະກະ (Lao script)
* នរក (Khmer script)
* 𑄚𑄢𑄇 (Chakma script)

### Noun

नरक m
* Devanagari script form of naraka (“hell”)

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* নৰক (Assamese script)
* ᬦᬭᬓ (Balinese script)
* নরক (Bengali script)
* 𑰡𑰨𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀦𑀭𑀓 (Brahmi script)
* နရက (Burmese script)
* નરક (Gujarati script)
* ਨਰਕ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌨𑌰𑌕 (Grantha script)
* ꦤꦫꦏ (Javanese script)
* 𑂢𑂩𑂍 (Kaithi script)
* ನರಕ (Kannada script)
* នរក (Khmer script)
* ນຣກ (Lao script)
* നരക (Malayalam script)
* ᠨᠠᡵᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘡𑘨𑘎 (Modi script)
* ᠨᠠᠷᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧁𑧈𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐣𑐬𑐎 (Newa script)
* ନରକ (Odia script)
* ꢥꢬꢒ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆤𑆫𑆑 (Sharada script)
* 𑖡𑖨𑖎 (Siddham script)
* නරක (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩯𑩼𑩜 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚝𑚤𑚊 (Takri script)
* நரக (Tamil script)
* నరక (Telugu script)
* นรก (Thai script)
* ན་ར་ཀ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒢𑒩𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨝𑨫𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ner- (“lower, under, inner, bottom; to sink, to shrivel”). Compare with Tocharian B ñor, Lithuanian naras and nara (“hole, lair”), and Proto-Germanic *nurþrą. Possibly related to Ancient Greek νέρθεν (nérthen) and ἔνεροι (éneroi, “those below (the earth)”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /nɐ́.ɾɐ.kɐ/, /nɐ.ɾɐ́.kɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /n̪ɐ.ɾɐ.kɐ/

### Noun

नरक • (náraka, naráka) stem, m or n
* hell

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic

#### Synonyms

* निरय (niraya)

#### Derived terms

* नारक (nā́raka, nāraká)

#### Descendants

* Pali: naraka
** → Burmese: နရက် (na.rak)
** → Khmer: នរក (nɔrŭək)
** → Lao: ນະລົກ (na lok)
** → Thai: นรก (ná-rók)
* → Chinese: 那落迦 (nàluòjiā)
* → Gujarati: નરક (narak)
* → Hindi: नरक (narak); नर्क (nark)
* → Indonesian: neraka
* → Japanese: 奈落 (naraku)
* → Kannada: ನರಕ (naraka)
* → Korean: 나락 (narak)
* → Malayalam: നരകം (narakaṁ)
* → Malay: neraka (نراک)
* → Old Javanese: naraka
* → Old Marathi: 𑘡𑘨𑘎 (naraka)
** Marathi: नरक (narak)
* → Punjabi: ਨਰਕ (naraka)
* → Tamil: நரகம் (narakam)
* → Telugu: నరకము (narakamu)
* → Thai: นรก (ná-rók)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “नरक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 529, column 3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “nā́raka-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 37