# 姜

| 姜 | U+59DC, &#23004; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59DC |
| ← 姛 [U+59DB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 姝 → [U+59DD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

姜 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿土女 (TGV), four-corner 8040$_4$, composition ⿱𦍌女)

#### Derived characters

* 𠷩, 𡟜, 𤟲, 𣕞, 𤚖, 𥔣, 𨃇, 𨩍, 𩝅, 𩹖, 𦍯, 𨜰, 𡟿, 𦎛, 𡡭, 葁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 259, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6205
* Dae Jaweon: page 525, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1047, character 11
* Unihan data for U+59DC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 姜 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions |
| | Old Chinese |
| 样 | *ʔslaːŋ, *laŋ |
| 佯 | *zlaŋ, *laŋ |
| 詳 | *ljaŋ, *laŋ |
| 洋 | *ljaŋ, *laŋ |
| 翔 | *ljaŋ |
| 庠 | *ljaŋ |
| 祥 | *ljaŋ |
| 痒 | *ljaŋ, *laŋʔ |
| 姜 | *klaŋ |
| 羌 | *kʰlaŋ |
| 蜣 | *kʰlaŋ |
| 猐 | *kʰlaŋ |
| 唴 | *kʰlaŋs |
| 羊 | *laŋ |
| 徉 | *laŋ |
| 烊 | *laŋ |
| 蛘 | *laŋ, *laŋʔ |
| 眻 | *laŋ, *laŋs |
| 鴹 | *laŋ |
| 恙 | *laŋs |
| 羕 | *laŋs |
| 樣 | *laŋs |
| 漾 | *laŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaŋ): phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”)

### Etymology 1

Commonly assumed to be related to 羌 (OC *kʰlaŋ) (Pulleyblank, 2000), though not necessarily (Schuessler, 2007); 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) in the graphs may be just phonetic or also semantic, signifying "names referring to nomads" (Schuessler, 2009).
Pulleyblank (2000) reconstructs 姜 (OC *(C)ɰàŋ) and proposes etymological connection to 姬 (OC *(C)ɰə̀ɰ), 姜 being the "collateral, wife-supplying counterpart" to 姬 the "ruling clan", both being "two intermarrying moieties"; he also points to other word-pairs, including 似 (MC ziX, “to resemble”) < *-əɰʔ and 像 (MC zjangX, “to imitate, image”) < *-aŋʔ, which display the phonetic correspondences: *-ɰ vs. *-ŋ as well *-ə- vs. *-a- (ibid.).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāng (jiang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): goeng$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khiuⁿ / kiuⁿ / kioⁿ / khiong / khiang / kiong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$cian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiang
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$
*** Yale: jyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
*** Palladius: цзян (czjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: goeng$^1$
*** Yale: gēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiông
*** Hakka Romanization System: giong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯oŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiuⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khiunn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qviw
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiũ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiũ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiuⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kiunn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kviw
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiũ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kioⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kionn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kvioy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔ̃⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiong
*** Tâi-lô: khiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiang
*** Tâi-lô: khiang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
*** Tâi-lô: kiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
* khiuⁿ - vernacular (surname in Quanzhou);
* kiuⁿ/kioⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 埔姜);
* khiong/khiang - literary (surname in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan);
* kiong - literary (limited, e.g. 范姜).
* Middle Chinese: kjang
Rime :
| Character | 姜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居良切 |
| Baxter | kjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | goeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*klaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 姜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.qaŋ/ |
| English | a family name |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 姜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14530 |
| Phonetic component | 羊 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 薑 |
| Old Chinese | /*klaŋ/ |

#### Definitions

姜
* a surname
    姜維／姜维 ― Jiāng Wéi ― Jiang Wei (military general of the state of Shu)
* (mythology) name of a river, identified as a Qi stream near Mount Qi (Commentary on the Water Classic)
    From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2nd century CE
    Shénnóng jū Jiāng Shuǐ, yǐwéi xìng. [Pinyin]
    The Divine Farmer dwelt by the Jiang river, (whose name) he took as (his) surname.

#### Compounds

* 埔姜
* 姜姜
* 姜家大被
* 姜巷 (Jiāngxiàng)
* 姜芋
* 姜被
* 姜黃 / 姜黄 (jiānghuáng)
* 姬姜
* 孟姜女 (Mèngjiāngnǚ)
* 敬姜猶績 / 敬姜犹绩
* 海埔姜
* 范姜 (Fànjiāng)
* 賣良姜 / 卖良姜
* 齊姜 / 齐姜

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 姜 – see 薑 (“ginger”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 薑).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kun: つよい (tsuyoi)

#### Compounds

* 姜黄(きょうおう) (kyōō): wild turmeric
* 生姜(しょうが) (shōga)
* 良姜(りょうきょう) (ryōkyō)

## Korean
### Hanja

姜 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang)
* a surname

## Vietnamese
### Han character

姜: Hán Nôm readings: Khương, khương, cưng, gừng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.