# 硬

| 硬 | U+786C, &#30828; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-786C |
| ← 硫 [U+786B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 硭 → [U+786D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

硬 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口一中大 (MRMLK), four-corner 1164$_6$, composition ⿰石更)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 831, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24230
* Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2432, character 6
* Unihan data for U+786C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 更 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs |
| 粳 | *kraːŋ |
| 埂 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ |
| 浭 | *kraːŋ |
| 稉 | *kraːŋ |
| 梗 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 哽 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 綆 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 鯁 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 挭 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 骾 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 郠 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 硬 | *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs |
| 鞕 | *ŋɡraːŋs |
| 丙 | *pqraŋʔ |
| 炳 | *praŋʔ |
| 邴 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 怲 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 苪 | *praŋʔ |
| 蛃 | *praŋʔ |
| 昺 | *praŋʔ |
| 昞 | *praŋʔ |
| 窉 | *praŋʔ |
| 柄 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 鈵 | *praŋs |
| 寎 | *praŋs |
| 病 | *braŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs): semantic 石 + phonetic 更 (OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yìng (ying$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngen$^4$
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): ēn
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нин (nin, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngaang$^6$ / ngaang$^{6-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngang$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ngang$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngang
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngang$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ning$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngāing
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngâing
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ngī / ngǐ / ngēe / ngē / gēng / gěng / gīrn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngên$^6$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): nge$^6$ / ngeng$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ngan
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngen$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yìng
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^4$
*** Yale: yìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yinq
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ngen$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngen
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋən²¹³/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: ēn
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): en$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ə̃⁴⁴/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нин (nin, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /niŋ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaang$^6$ / ngaang$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: ngaahng / ngáang
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaang$^6$ / ngaang$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngang$^6$ / ngang$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaːŋ²²/, /ŋaːŋ²²⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡaŋ³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ngang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaŋ¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngang
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngang
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋaŋ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ning$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /niŋ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngāing
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaiŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngâing
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaiŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngī
*** Tâi-lô: ngī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngi
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /ŋĩ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ŋĩ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngǐ
*** Tâi-lô: ngǐ
*** IPA (Lukang): /ŋĩ³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋĩ²²/
*** IPA (Philippines): /ŋi³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngēe
*** Tâi-lô: ngēe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋɛ̃²²/
*** IPA (Penang): /ŋɛ²¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /ŋɛ²²/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngē
*** Tâi-lô: ngē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nge
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ŋẽ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gēng
*** Tâi-lô: gīng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: geng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gěng
*** Tâi-lô: gǐng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɪŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gīrn
*** Tâi-lô: gīrn
*** IPA (Singapore): /ɡən²²/
* ngī/ngǐ/ngēe/ngē - vernacular (“hard; stiff; tough; obstinately; arduous”);
* gēng/gěng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit硬 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /əŋ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /niŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ȵiə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /iŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ȵĩn¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ȵiŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ŋən³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ŋən¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ŋen²¹³/ /in²¹³/ 新,少 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ə̃²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ən⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʐən⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ȵiŋ³⁵/ /ȵie̞³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /nĩŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ŋã²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ŋã³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ŋɑŋ¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ŋiɛ²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ŋʌ̃³²⁴/ /ŋɛ²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ȵiɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ŋən¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ŋən²¹/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ŋɑŋ²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋaŋ⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋaŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ŋaŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ŋaŋ²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /giŋ²²/ /ŋi²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋaiŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋaiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋẽ³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋɛ³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: ngeangH
Rime :
| Character | 硬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 耕 (117) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 五爭切 |
| Baxter | ngeangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚæŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋəɨjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋæŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋæŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | èng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngang$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡraːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 硬 | 硬 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 880 | 881 |
| Phonetic component | 丙 | 丙 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 鞕 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɡraːŋs/ | /*ŋɡraːŋs/ |
| Notes | 見傷寒論 | 同鞕，王韻五孟反 |

### Definitions

硬
* hard (resistant to pressure)
    硬木 ― yìngmù ― hardwood
* stiff; inflexible
    僵硬 ― jiāngyìng ― stiff; rigid
* tough; strong; firm
    心腸硬／心肠硬 ― xīncháng yìng ― to be tough; to be hard-hearted
* good (in terms of quality or ability); able (of a person)
    牌子硬。 ― Páizǐ yìng. ― The trademark is good.
* obstinately; with difficulty; forcibly; resolutely
       Wǒ yìng chán zhù māmā yīqǐ qù kàn nǎinǎi. [Pinyin]
       I forcibly bug my mother for us to visit grandmother together.
* (Cantonese, Teochew) certainly; definitely; of course
* (Hokkien) arduous; formidable; onerous
* (Huizhou) thick; viscous
* (slang) to become hard; to have an erection
** 2002 January 29, Q C Boy, “《QC仔手記之 去陽江食pizza》”, in hk.talk.sex‎ (Usenet):
       saam$^1$ lap$^1$ zung$^1$, co$^5$ dou$^3$ gau$^1$ dou$^1$ ngaang$^6$ saai$^3$, dou$^1$ m$^4$ zi$^1$ gau$^1$ ngaang$^6$ ding$^6$ gap$^1$ niu$^6$; zung$^2$ zi$^1$ ngaang$^6$ zuk$^1$ saam$^1$ lap$^1$ zung$^1$ laa$^1$! [Jyutping]
       3 hours, I sat until my dick was completely hard, that I didn't know if my dick was hard or I had to pee; anyhow, I was hard for three full hours!

#### Synonyms

* (hard):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 硬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 硬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 硬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 硬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 硬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 硬 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 硬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 硬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 硬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 硬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 硬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 硬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 硬 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 硬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 硬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 硬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 硬奏, 硬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 硬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 硬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 硬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 硬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 硬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 硬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 硬 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 硬 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 硬 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 硬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 硬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 硬 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 硬 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 硬 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 硬 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 硬 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 硬 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 硬 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 硬 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 硬 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 硬 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 丁 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 硬 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 硬 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 硬 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 硬 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 硬, 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 硬, 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 硬, 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 硬, 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 𠕇, 硬 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 𠕇, 硬 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 𠕇, 硬 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 𠕇, 硬 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 𠕇, 硬 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 𠕇, 硬 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 𠕇, 硬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 𠕇, 硬 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 硬, 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 硬, 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 硬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 硬 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 硬 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 硬 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 硬 |
| Wu | Danyang | 硬 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 硬 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 硬 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 硬 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 硬 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 硬 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 硬 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 硬 |
* (thick):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 稠 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 稠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 稠, 糨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 稠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 稠 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 稠 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 厚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 稠 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 稠, 厚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 稠 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 稠 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 稠, 糨, 糊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 稠, 乾, 釅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 釅, 稠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 乾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 稠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 稠 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 厚, 稠, 乾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 厚 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 厚, 乾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 醹 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 醹, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 醹, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 杰, 醹 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 𤄷, 杰 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 杰 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 杰 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 及 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 濃 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 濃 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 醹, 結 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 醹 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 竭 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Changting | 醹, 濃, 竭 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 醹, 竭 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 濃, 稠 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 竭 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 竭 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 濃 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 醹 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 醹 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 厚 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 硬 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 硬 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 稠 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 濃 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 濃 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 洘 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 洘 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 濃 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 𬇴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 𬇴 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 洘, 洽, 汔, 𠕇, 醪 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 𠕇, 汔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 糊 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 洘 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 洘, 汔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 汔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 洘 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 洘, 洽 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 汔, 釅 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 乾, 𠕇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 渴 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 洘, 醪 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 杰 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𫀸 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 洘, 渴 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 渴 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 渴 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 洘 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 洘 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 濃 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 濃 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 杰 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 厚 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 厚 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 厚 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 乾 |
| Wu | Danyang | 乾, 厚 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 厚 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 燥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 饘 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 厚 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 釅 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 濃 |
* (to have an erection):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 勃起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 勃起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 硬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 硬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 雄起 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 扯旗, 扯, 硬, 起機, 偷柴 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 起磅 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 硬起來 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 硬 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 𫞻起來 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 起陽兒 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 起雞 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 翹 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 起磅 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 拍飛機 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 興陽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 舉支 |

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “hard”): 軟／软 (ruǎn)

### Compounds

* 僵硬 (jiāngyìng)
* 冷硬
* 剛板硬正 / 刚板硬正
* 剛硬 / 刚硬
* 動脈硬化 / 动脉硬化 (dòngmài yìnghuà)
* 口硬
* 命硬
* 嘴硬 (zuǐyìng)
* 堅硬 / 坚硬 (jiānyìng)
* 強弓硬弩 / 强弓硬弩 (qiáng gōng yìng nǔ)
* 強硬 / 强硬 (qiángyìng)
* 強硬手段 / 强硬手段
* 心硬 (xīnyìng)
* 心高氣硬 / 心高气硬
* 怕硬欺軟 / 怕硬欺软
* 扶同硬證 / 扶同硬证
* 拉硬屎
* 拉硬弓
* 撐硬船兒 / 撑硬船儿
* 服硬
* 欺軟怕硬 / 欺软怕硬 (qīruǎnpàyìng)
* 死硬 (sǐyìng)
* 死硬派
* 生奪硬搶 / 生夺硬抢
* 生拉硬拽 (shēng lā yìng zhuài)
* 生搬硬套 (shēngbānyìngtào)
* 生硬 (shēngyìng)
* 瘦硬
* 直偷硬取
* 硬仗 (yìngzhàng)
* 硬來 / 硬来
* 硬化 (yìnghuà)
* 硬取
* 硬喫 / 硬吃
* 硬實 / 硬实
* 硬專家 / 硬专家
* 硬山
* 硬席 (yìngxí)
* 硬幣 / 硬币 (yìngbì)
* 硬幹 / 硬干
* 硬度 (yìngdù)
* 硬式棒球
* 硬式網球 / 硬式网球
* 硬弓
* 硬弩強弓 / 硬弩强弓
* 硬彩
* 硬性 (yìngxìng)
* 硬性規定 / 硬性规定
* 硬手
* 硬挺 (yìngtǐng)
* 硬掙 / 硬挣
* 硬撐 / 硬撑
* 硬撅撅
* 硬文學 / 硬文学
* 硬是 (yìngshì)
* 硬是要得
* 硬朗
* 硬木 (yìngmù)
* 硬札
* 硬棒
* 硬橡皮
* 硬殼 / 硬壳 (yìngké)
* 硬氣 / 硬气 (yìngqi)
* 硬水 (yìngshuǐ)
* 硬派 (yìngpài)
* 硬漢 / 硬汉 (yìnghàn)
* 硬煤
* 硬玉 (yìngyù)
* 硬玻璃
* 硬生生 (yìngshēngshēng)
* 硬病
* 硬皮馬勃 / 硬皮马勃 (yìngpí mǎbó)
* 硬石膏 (yìngshígāo)
* 硬碰硬 (yìngpèngyìng)
* 硬碟 (yìngdié)
* 硬科學 / 硬科学 (yìngkēxué)
* 硬結 / 硬结
* 硬繃繃 / 硬绷绷 (yìngbēngbēng)
* 硬肥皂
* 硬脂
* 硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
* 硬脾氣 / 硬脾气
* 硬腳 / 硬脚
* 硬腦膜 / 硬脑膜 (yìngnǎomó)
* 硬膏
* 硬著頭皮 / 硬着头皮 (yìngzhe tóupí)
* 硬裡子 / 硬里子
* 硬要 (yìngyào)
* 硬話 / 硬话
* 硬語盤空 / 硬语盘空
* 硬質合金 / 硬质合金
* 硬邦邦 (yìngbāngbāng)
* 硬鋼 / 硬钢
* 硬闖 / 硬闯
* 硬頁岩 / 硬页岩
* 硬領 / 硬领
* 硬頭硬腦 / 硬头硬脑
* 硬顎 / 硬颚 (yìng'è)
* 硬骨頭 / 硬骨头
* 硬骨魚 / 硬骨鱼
* 硬骨魚綱 / 硬骨鱼纲
* 硬體 / 硬体 (yìngtǐ)
* 硬麵 / 硬面
* 硬黃 / 硬黄
* 粗硬
* 翅膀硬 (chìbǎng yìng)
* 肝硬化症
* 腰板脖硬
* 腳硬 / 脚硬
* 腰裡硬 / 腰里硬
* 腰頭硬 / 腰头硬
* 臉硬 / 脸硬
* 血管硬化 (xuèguǎn yìnghuà)
* 軟硬不吃 / 软硬不吃
* 軟硬兼施 / 软硬兼施 (ruǎn-yìng jiānshī)
* 過硬 / 过硬 (guòyìng)
* 酒硬
* 骨頭硬 / 骨头硬

### References

* “硬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* Solid, hard, firm.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
* Kan-on: ごう (gō)
* Kan’yō-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kun: かたい (katai, 硬い, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 硬化(こうか) (kōka)
* 硬貨(こうか) (kōka): coins
* 硬式(こうしき) (kōshiki)
* 硬質(こうしつ) (kōshitsu)
* 硬水(こうすい) (kōsui)
* 硬直(こうちょく) (kōchoku)
* 硬度(こうど) (kōdo)
* 硬度計(こうどけい) (kōdokei)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kjʌ̹ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [경]

### Hanja

Wikisource 硬 (eumhun 굳을 경 (gudeul gyeong))
* hanja form of 경 (“harden, stiffen”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

硬: Hán Nôm readings: ngạnh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.