# tona
## English
### Noun

tona (plural tonas)
* Alternative form of tonal (“animal companion”).

### Anagrams

* NATO, NOTA, Nato, anot, nato, nota

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tona/, [t̪o̞.na]

### Etymology 1

Probably borrowed from Occitan tona.

#### Noun

tona inan
* ton

##### Derived terms

* tonaka (“in great quantities”)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

tona inan
* (chiefly Souletin) stain, spot
    Synonym: orban

##### Derived terms

* tonagabe (“immaculate”)
* tonatu (“to stain”)

### Further reading

* “tona”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “tona”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin tunna. Doublet of tonya. Cognate with Portuguese, Galician, and Spanish tonel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈto.nə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈto.na]

### Noun

tona f (plural tones)
* tun (cask with a capacity of more than 500 liters)
* ton, tonne

#### Derived terms

* tonatge
* tonell

### Further reading

* “tona” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “tona”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “tona” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “tona” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Central Huasteca Nahuatl
### Verb

tona
* (intransitive) to be sunny

## Classical Nahuatl
### Alternative forms

* to̱na (Mecayapan and Tatahuicapan)
* tuna (Tetelcingo)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toːna/
* IPA: /tuna/ (Tetelcingo)

### Verb

tona
* (intransitive) To shine; be sunny.
* (intransitive) To be warm.

#### Derived terms

* tonalli
* tonatiuh

### References

* Brewer, Forrest, Jean G. Brewer (1962) Vocabulario mexicano de Telecingo, Morelos: castellano-mexicano, mexicano-castellano, México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 19, 50, 242
* Karttunen, Francis (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 245
* Lockhart, James (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford: Stanford University Press, page 240
* Wolgemuth, Carl et al. (2002) Diccionario náhuatl de los municipios de Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz‎, 2nd electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 194, 261

## Finnish
### Pronoun

tona
* (colloquial) essive singular of toi

### Anagrams

* Nato, anot, anto, nato, otan, tano, taon

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese tona (attested since the 14th century in Galician texts). From a local Celtic substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *tonnā or *tondā (“skin”); from Proto-Indo-European *tend-, from *temh₂- (“to cut”). Compare Portuguese tona and Old Irish tonn (“skin, surface”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtonɐ/

### Noun

tona f (plural tonas)
* film (solid or opaque layer on a liquid)
** 1746-1755, Martín Sarmiento, Catálogo de voces y frases de la lengua gallega:tona. Es la tez o nata que cría cualquiera líquido."tona": it is the film or pellicule which is generated on any liquid
* rind (of a vegetable, of cheese)
** 1840, Antonio María de la Iglesia, Poesía, page 39:non ten pelo na cachola qu'é de tona de cabazohe has no hair in his head, which is made of rind of pumpkin
* bark
* surface or upper layer of the soil

#### Derived terms

* estonar

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tona”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “tona”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tona”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Grzega, Joachim (2001) Romania Gallica Cisalpina etymologisch-geolinguistische Studien zu den oberitalienisch-rätoromanischen Keltizismen‎, Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, →ISBN, retrieved 26 August 2015, page 242. – via De Gruyter.

## Herero
### Verb

tona
* to hit

## Ibatan
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

### Noun

tona
* A kind of freshwater eel.

### Further reading

* Ibatan-English Dictionary

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtona]
* Hyphenation: to‧na

### Noun

tona (plural tona-tona)
* (linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese

#### Alternative forms

* ton

### Further reading

* “tona” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Verb

tona
* inflection of tonare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* OTAN, anto-, nato, nota, onta

## Latin
### Verb

tonā
* second-person singular present active imperative of tonō

### References

* "tona", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

tona f
* ton

## Malagasy
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

### Noun

tona
* A species of very large nocturnal serpent.
    Synonym: dona
* (figurative) An eel too large to be used as food because of its resemblance to a tona.

### References

* tona in Malagasy dictionaries at malagasyword.org

## Maori
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).

### Noun

tona
* wart, corn, nodule

#### Derived terms

* kautona
* kiritona

### References

* ↑ Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kona”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, revised & enlarged edition, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 165
* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350

### Further reading

* “tona” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Occitan
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tona f (plural tonas)
* ton

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

Attested since the 14th century in Galician texts and since the 16th century in Portugal. From a local Celtic substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *tonnā (“skin”), from Proto-Indo-European *temh₂- (“to cut”).

### Noun

tona f (plural tonas)
* film, rind, bark, peel
** c. 1390, J. Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Miragres de Santiago, page 96:chantarõ suas lanças ante as tẽdas, et en outro dia manãa acharõnas estar frolidas et cõ tonathey stuck their spears in front of their tents, and the next day in the morning they found them with bark and blooming
** c. 1409, Gerardo Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de Medicina Equorum" de Jordanus Ruffus, page 172:Para esto val moito as favas esbrugadas, sen tona, e ben coitas con geullas novas de porco e poñanas tibias sobr[e]lo inchaçoTo this end it is very helpful to use skinned beans, without their peel, well cooked with fresh pork lard and they must put them lukewarm over the swelling

#### Descendants

* Galician: tona
* Portuguese: tona

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tona”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Phuthi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

#### Pronoun

toná
* they, them; class 8 absolute pronoun.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

#### Pronoun

toná
* they, them; class 10 absolute pronoun.

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* tonna (obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from French tonne. First attested in the 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ.na/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔna
* Syllabification: to‧na

### Noun

tona f (related adjective tonowy)
* (metrology) tonne, ton (one thousand kilograms)
* (colloquial, figurative) ton (large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything)

#### Declension
### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tona is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 56 times in news, 34 times in essays, 1 time in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 114 times, making it the 538th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “tona”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “tona”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
* ↑ J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tonna”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 79
* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “tona”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 604

### Further reading

* tona in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* tona in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tôna/
* Hyphenation: to‧na

### Noun

tȍna f (Cyrillic spelling то̏на)
* tonne
* ton (2240 pounds)

#### Declension
## Slovak
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɔna]

### Noun

tona f (relational adjective tonový)
* ton

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “tona”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

tona f
* ton

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-tona (infinitive kutona)
* to drip, leak

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -tona :
| Positive present | -natona |
| Subjunctive | -tone |
| Negative | -toni |
| Imperative singular | tona |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kutona |
| Negative | kutotona |
Imperatives :
| Singular | tona |
| Plural | toneni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hutona |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -litona |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kutona |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tatona |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tatona |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sitone |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngetona |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singetona |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalitona |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalitona |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -metona |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshatona |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jatona |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kitona |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipotona |
| Consecutive | katona / positive subject concord + -katona |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -katone |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

## Swazi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

#### Pronoun

toná
* they, them; class 8 absolute pronoun.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

#### Pronoun

toná
* they, them; class 10 absolute pronoun.

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

tona (present tonar, preterite tonade, supine tonat, imperative tona)
* (usually with fram (“forth”)) to slowly emerge (from notion of slowly shifting in tone)
    En pizza tonade fram ur dimmanA pizza emerged ("toned forth") from the fog
* to tone, to tint (give a different shade of color)
    tona hårettone one's hair
* to sound (in tones)

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

#### Related terms

* ton
* toning

### References

* tona in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* tona in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* tona in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* Nato, nota

## Tahitian
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Maori tona (“wart, nodule”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).

### Noun

tona
* wart, chancre

### References

* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350

### Further reading

* Yves Lemaître, Lexique du tahitien contemporain (Current Tahitian lexicon), 1995.
* “tona” in Dictionnaire en ligne Tahitien/Français (Online Tahitian–French Dictionary), by the Tahitian Academy.

## Tokelauan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈto.na]
* Hyphenation: to‧na

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *te-o-na. Cognates include Hawaiian kona and Samoan lona.

#### Determiner

tona
* (inalienable, definite) his, her

##### See also

$^{1)}$ Sympathetic

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *tona-tona (“clitoris”). Cognates include Maori tonetone and Samoan tona.

#### Noun

tona
* (vulgar) anus

### References

* R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎, Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 397

## Tongan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Maori tona (“wart, nodule”)).

### Noun

tona
* yaws

### References

* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350

## Tuvaluan
### Noun

tona
* (anatomy) leg

## Yami
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

### Noun

tona
* eel

### Further reading

* Yami (Tao) Dictionary Project