OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# synniga
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsyn.ni.jɑ/

### Adjective

synniġa
* inflection of synniġ:
** strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
** weak nominative masculine singular
# chondriokonts
## English
### Noun

chondriokonts
* plural of chondriokont
# pieds de mouche
## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pieds de mouche m
* plural of pied de mouche
* (informal, figuratively) chicken scratch, illegible handwriting
# Bayar
## Turkish
### Proper noun

Bayar
* a male given name
* a surname
# sæccinge
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsæt.t͡ʃin.ɡe/, [ˈsæt.t͡ʃiŋ.ɡe]

### Noun

sæċċinge
* inflection of sæċċing:
** nominative plural
** accusative singular/plural
** genitive/dative singular
# urosepticaemia
## English
### Noun

urosepticaemia (uncountable)
* Alternative form of urosepticemia
# pyrotartarous
## English
### Adjective

pyrotartarous (not comparable)
* Alternative form of pyrotartareous
# sæle
## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Adjective

sæle
* definite singular of sæl
* plural of sæl

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsæ.le/
* IPA: /ˈsæː.le/

### Noun

sæle
* dative singular of sæl

### Noun

sǣle
* inflection of sǣl:
** dative/genitive singular
** nominative plural
** accusative singular/plural
# rhotically
## English
### Etymology

From rhotic +‎ -ally.

### Adverb

rhotically (not comparable)
* In a rhotic manner.
# glīšākām
## Latvian
### Adjective

glīšākām
* (dialectal) dative feminine plural of glīšāks
* (dialectal) instrumental feminine plural of glīšāks
# بوري
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buː.riː/
* (Kuwait, Egypt) IPA: /ˈbuː.ri/

### Etymology 1

* In Egypt, the name of the fish is said to come from Coptic ⲫⲟⲣⲓ (phori, “Mugil cephalus”) – in Bohairic, also ϥⲟⲣⲓ (fori), while in Sahidic it is ⲃⲱⲣⲉ (bōre); however, the name is also used in Morocco and Lebanon, and the relation with Japanese 鰡 / 鯔 (bora) denoting the same species of fish remains enigmatic.
* The meaning of a fatty bread is from Urdu پُوری (pūrī) / Hindi पूरी (pūrī).
* The sense of a pipe and the sense of a vehicle’s horn is from Ottoman Turkish بورو (boru, “duct, pipe, tube; horn”). Doublet of بُرْغِيّ (burḡiyy, “screw”).

#### Noun

بُورِي • (būrī) m
* (zoology) mullet (several fish species, and especially Mugil cephalus)
* (Kuwait) a type of thin bread made with excessive amount of oil; Indian fried bread
* (Iraq) pipe
* (Saudi Arabia) motor vehicle's horn

##### Descendants

* Maltese: buri
* Hebrew: בורי (buri)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Proper noun

بُورِي • (būrī) f
* A village in Bahrain.

##### Declension
### Etymology 3
#### Verb

بُورِي • (būrī) (form I) /buː.riː/
* second-person feminine singular imperative of بَارَ (bāra)

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

بَوِّرِي • (bawwirī) (form II) /baw.wi.riː/
* second-person feminine singular imperative of بَوَّرَ (bawwara)

### Etymology 5
#### Verb

بُورِيَ • (būriya) (form III) /buː.ri.ja/
* third-person masculine singular past passive of بَارَى (bārā)

## Chadian Arabic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بورو (boru).

### Noun

بوري • (būri) m
* motor vehicle's horn
* klaxon

### References

* Heath, Judith, Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021) Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎ (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 29
* Pommerol, Patrice Jullien de (1999) Dictionnaire Arabe Tchadien-Français (in French), Éditions Karthala, →ISBN, page 284

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish بورو (boru).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buː.ri/

### Noun

بوري • (būri) m (dual بورِيِّين (būriyyēn), plural بَوَاري (bawāri))
* motor vehicle's horn
# imikkuk
## Tashelhit
### Etymology

imikk +‎ -uk

### Deteminer

imikkuk
* minimal, tiny
# ময়না
## Bengali
### Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀫𑀬𑀡 (mayaṇa) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit मदन (madana).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /mɔe̯na/, [ˈmɔe̯naˑ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /mɔe̯na/, [ˈmɔe̯naˑ]
    Audio:(file)

### Noun

ময়না • (moẏna)
* myna, mynah, mina
* a thorny bush of species Meyna spinosa, with medicinal uses in traditional Indian medicine
# mengabstrakkan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Circumfixed abstrak +‎ meng- -kan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [məŋapˈstrakkan]
* Hyphenation: mêng‧ab‧strak‧kan

### Verb

mêngabstrakkan
* to abstract:
** to consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself; to consider theoretically; to look at as a general quality
** to perform the process of abstraction.
** to summarize; to abridge; to epitomize.

### Further reading

* “mengabstrakkan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Affixation of abstrak +‎ meng- -kan.

### Pronunciation

* (English-based) IPA: [mə.ŋɛp.strɛk.kan]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* (spelling-based) IPA: [mə.ŋap.strak.kan]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Hyphenation: meng‧ab‧strak‧kan

### Verb

mengabstrakkan (Jawi spelling مڠبسترککن, imperative/1st and 2nd person passive abstrakkan, 3rd person passive diabstrakkan)
* (transitive) to abstract

### Further reading

* “mengabstrakkan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# পাঁড়ে
## Bengali
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Bengali পাঁড়িআ (pãṛia), from Old Bengali পাঁডিআ (pā̃ḍiā), from Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita, “scholar, teacher”), probably reborrowed from Prakrit *𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀢 (*paṇṇita), from Vedic Sanskrit प्रज्ञित (prajñita, “learned”). Cognate to Nepali पाँड़े (pā̃ṛe), Gujarati પંડયો (paṇḍyo), Hindi पाँड़े (pā̃ṛe), Marathi 𑘢𑘰𑘽𑘚𑘿𑘧𑘰 (pāṇḍyā).

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /pãɽe/, [ˈpãɽeˑ], /pãɾe/, [ˈpãɾeˑ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /paɾe/, [ˈpaɾeˑ]

### Proper noun

পাঁড়ে • (pãṛe)
* a title of Brahmins from north-central India

#### Related terms

* পণ্ডিত (ponḍit)
# wuro
## Fula
### Noun

wuro ngo (plural gure ɗe)
* (Pulaar, Adamawa) town, village, city

### References

* M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.
* Tourneux, Henry, Daïrou, Yaya (1999) Vocabulaire peul du monde rural : Maroua-Garoua (Cameroun)‎ (in French)
# কস্ট
## Bengali
### Alternative forms

* কষ্ট (koṣṭ)

### Etymology

Borrowed from English cost. Cognate with Hindi कॉस्ट (kŏsṭ) / कास्ट (kāsṭ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɔst/, /ˈkɔʃ.t/, /ˈkɔʃ.ʈ/

### Noun

কস্ট • (kosṭ)
* cost, price
    Synonym: দাম (dam)
    এই শার্টের কস্ট ৫০০ টাকা।ei śarṭer kosṭ 500 ṭaka.The price of this shirt is ৳500.
# sakinah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay sakinah, from Arabic سَكِينَة (sakīna, “inner peace, tranquility, calmness; presence of God, shechinah”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /saˈkinah/ [saˈki.nah]
* Rhymes: -inah
* Syllabification: sa‧ki‧nah

### Noun

sakinah (plural sakinah-sakinah)
* (Islam) inner peace, tranquility, calmness

### Further reading

* “sakinah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# ƴoolde
## Fula
### Noun

ƴoolde nde (plural ƴoole ɗe)
* (Adamawa) dune, mound, hill

### References

* Tourneux, Henry, Daïrou, Yaya (1999) Vocabulaire peul du monde rural : Maroua-Garoua (Cameroun)‎ (in French)
# Monodnaviria
## Translingual
### Etymology

mono- +‎ dna +‎ -viria

### Proper noun

Monodnaviria
* One of seven realms, the highest taxonomic rank of viruses, certain single-stranded DNA viruses. [from 2024]

#### Hyponyms

* (realm): Loebvirae, Sangervirae, Shotokuvirae, Trapavirae – kingdoms
** Hofneioviricota, Phixviricota; Cossaviricota, Cressdnaviricota; Saleviricota – phyla

#### Coordinate terms

* (realm): Adnaviria, Duplodnaviria, Varidnaviria, Singelaviria, Riboviria, Ribozyviria – realms

### References

* Monodnaviria on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Monodnaviria on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Viruses on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Template:R:ViralZone
# 江山易改，本性難移
## Chinese

| | | rivers and mountains; the land; a landscaperivers and mountains; the land; a landscape; the country; the state power | change; easy; simple | to change; to alter; to transformto change; to alter; to transform; to correct | | one's inherent nature | disaster; distress; to scolddisaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good | to move; to shift; to changeto move; to shift; to change; to alter; to remove |
| trad. (江山易改，本性難移) | trad. (江山易改，本性難移) | 江山 | 易 | 改 | ， | 本性 | 難 | 移 |
| simp. (江山易改，本性难移) | simp. (江山易改，本性难移) | 江山 | 易 | 改 | ， | 本性 | 难 | 移 |
| alternative forms | alternative forms | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 |
| Literally: “The rivers and mountains are easily altered, but one's inherent nature is difficult to change”. |||||||||

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāngshān yì gǎi, běnxìng nán yí
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄢ ㄧˋ ㄍㄞˇ , ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kang-san ī-kài, pún-sèng lân-î
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāngshān yì gǎi, běnxìng nán yí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄢ ㄧˋ ㄍㄞˇ , ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiangshan yì gǎi, běnsìng nán yí
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$-shan$^1$ i$^4$ kai$^3$, pên$^3$-hsing$^4$ nan$^2$ i$^2$
*** Yale: jyāng-shān yì gǎi-, běn-syìng nán yí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiangshan yih gae, beenshinq nan yi
*** Palladius: цзяншань и гай, бэньсин нань и (czjanšanʹ i gaj, bɛnʹsin nanʹ i)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ i⁵¹ kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵ i³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
*** Yale: gōng sāan yih gói, bún sing nàahn yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^1$ san$^1$ yi$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ xing$^3$ nan$^4$ yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵ jiː²² kɔːi̯³⁵ puːn³⁵ sɪŋ³³ naːn²¹ jiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-san ī-kài, pún-sèng lân-î
*** Tâi-lô: kang-san ī-kài, pún-sìng lân-î
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴ i³³⁻²¹ kai²¹ pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹ lan²³⁻³³ i²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴ i³³⁻¹¹ kai¹¹ pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ i²⁴/

### Proverb

江山易改，本性難移
* a leopard can't change its spots
    From: 2021 March 14, 愛情你比我想的閣較偉大 (Oh Love, You Are Much Greater Than I Imagined), wrttien by 黃奇斌 (Ki-pin N̂g), performed by 茄子蛋 (EggPlantEgg)
    sui-jiân Kang-san ī-kài tān pún-sèng lân-î ài lí ài kah pe̍h ba̍k-bâi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    [Though] things change any moment / But I’m still the same person / Love you always, till the end

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 牛就是牛，牽到北京也是牛／牛就是牛，牵到北京也是牛, 一歲生根，百歲牢老／一岁生根，百岁牢老, 一歲生張，百歲牢老／一岁生张，百岁牢老
# orzechowy
## Polish
### Etymology

From orzech +‎ -owy.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.ʐɛˈxɔ.vɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
* Syllabification: o‧rze‧cho‧wy

### Adjective

orzechowy (comparative bardziej orzechowy, superlative najbardziej orzechowy, derived adverb orzechowo)
* (not comparable, relational) nut; nutty
* golden brown

#### Derived terms

* masło orzechowe

### Further reading

* orzechowy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# Monodnaviria
## Translingual
### Etymology

mono- +‎ dna +‎ -viria

### Proper noun

Monodnaviria
* One of seven realms, the highest taxonomic rank of viruses, certain single-stranded DNA viruses. [from 2024]

#### Hyponyms

* (realm): Loebvirae, Sangervirae, Shotokuvirae, Trapavirae – kingdoms
** Hofneioviricota, Phixviricota; Cossaviricota, Cressdnaviricota; Saleviricota – phyla

#### Coordinate terms

* (realm): Adnaviria, Duplodnaviria, Varidnaviria, Singelaviria, Riboviria, Ribozyviria – realms

### References

* Monodnaviria on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Monodnaviria on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Viruses on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Monodnaviria at ViralZone
# 江山易改，本性難移
## Chinese

| | | rivers and mountains; the land; a landscaperivers and mountains; the land; a landscape; the country; the state power | change; easy; simple | to change; to alter; to transformto change; to alter; to transform; to correct | | one's inherent nature | disaster; distress; to scolddisaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good | to move; to shift; to changeto move; to shift; to change; to alter; to remove |
| trad. (江山易改，本性難移) | trad. (江山易改，本性難移) | 江山 | 易 | 改 | ， | 本性 | 難 | 移 |
| simp. (江山易改，本性难移) | simp. (江山易改，本性难移) | 江山 | 易 | 改 | ， | 本性 | 难 | 移 |
| alternative forms | alternative forms | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 |
| Literally: “The rivers and mountains are easily altered, but one's inherent nature is difficult to change”. |||||||||

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāngshān yì gǎi, běnxìng nán yí
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄢ ㄧˋ ㄍㄞˇ , ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kang-san ī-kài, pún-sèng lân-î
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāngshān yì gǎi, běnxìng nán yí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄢ ㄧˋ ㄍㄞˇ , ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiangshan yì gǎi, běnsìng nán yí
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$-shan$^1$ i$^4$ kai$^3$, pên$^3$-hsing$^4$ nan$^2$ i$^2$
*** Yale: jyāng-shān yì gǎi-, běn-syìng nán yí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiangshan yih gae, beenshinq nan yi
*** Palladius: цзяншань и гай, бэньсин нань и (czjanšanʹ i gaj, bɛnʹsin nanʹ i)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ i⁵¹ kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵ i³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
*** Yale: gōng sāan yih gói, bún sing nàahn yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^1$ san$^1$ yi$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ xing$^3$ nan$^4$ yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵ jiː²² kɔːi̯³⁵ puːn³⁵ sɪŋ³³ naːn²¹ jiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-san ī-kài, pún-sèng lân-î
*** Tâi-lô: kang-san ī-kài, pún-sìng lân-î
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴ i³³⁻²¹ kai²¹ pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹ lan²³⁻³³ i²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴ i³³⁻¹¹ kai¹¹ pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ i²⁴/

### Proverb

江山易改，本性難移
* a leopard can't change its spots
    From: 2021 March 14, 愛情你比我想的閣較偉大 (Oh Love, You Are Much Greater Than I Imagined), wrttien by 黃奇斌 (Ki-pin N̂g), performed by 茄子蛋 (EggPlantEgg)
    sui-jiân Kang-san ī-kài tān pún-sèng lân-î ài lí ài kah pe̍h ba̍k-bâi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    [Though] things change any moment / But I’m still the same person / Love you always, till the end

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 牛就是牛，牽到北京也是牛／牛就是牛，牵到北京也是牛, 牛牽到佗位攏是牛／牛牵到佗位拢是牛, 牛牽到佗落攏是牛／牛牵到佗落拢是牛, 一歲生根，百歲牢老／一岁生根，百岁牢老, 一歲生張，百歲牢老／一岁生张，百岁牢老
# kedekatan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixed dekat +‎ ke- -an.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /kədəˈkatan/ [kə.dəˈka.t̪an]
* Rhymes: -atan
* Syllabification: ke‧de‧ka‧tan

### Noun

kedekatan (plural kedekatan-kedekatan)
* nearness, closeness, proximity

#### Derived terms

* kedekatan batin
* kedekatan emosional
* kedekatan geografis
* kedekatan relasi

### Further reading

* “kedekatan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# かんらんゆ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of かんらんゆ – see the following entry. :
| 【橄欖油】 | [noun] (dated) olive oil |
(This term, かんらんゆ (kanran'yu), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# 江山易改，本性難移
## Chinese

| | | rivers and mountains; the land; a landscaperivers and mountains; the land; a landscape; the country; the state power | change; easy; simple | to change; to alter; to transformto change; to alter; to transform; to correct | | one's inherent nature | disaster; distress; to scolddisaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good | to move; to shift; to changeto move; to shift; to change; to alter; to remove |
| trad. (江山易改，本性難移) | trad. (江山易改，本性難移) | 江山 | 易 | 改 | ， | 本性 | 難 | 移 |
| simp. (江山易改，本性难移) | simp. (江山易改，本性难移) | 江山 | 易 | 改 | ， | 本性 | 难 | 移 |
| alternative forms | alternative forms | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 |
| Literally: “The rivers and mountains are easily altered, but one's inherent nature is difficult to change”. |||||||||

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāngshān yì gǎi, běnxìng nán yí
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄢ ㄧˋ ㄍㄞˇ , ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kang-san ī-kài, pún-sèng lân-î
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāngshān yì gǎi, běnxìng nán yí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄢ ㄧˋ ㄍㄞˇ , ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiangshan yì gǎi, běnsìng nán yí
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$-shan$^1$ i$^4$ kai$^3$, pên$^3$-hsing$^4$ nan$^2$ i$^2$
*** Yale: jyāng-shān yì gǎi-, běn-syìng nán yí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiangshan yih gae, beenshinq nan yi
*** Palladius: цзяншань и гай, бэньсин нань и (czjanšanʹ i gaj, bɛnʹsin nanʹ i)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ i⁵¹ kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵ i³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
*** Yale: gōng sāan yih gói, bún sing nàahn yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^1$ san$^1$ yi$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ xing$^3$ nan$^4$ yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵ jiː²² kɔːi̯³⁵ puːn³⁵ sɪŋ³³ naːn²¹ jiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-san ī-kài, pún-sèng lân-î
*** Tâi-lô: kang-san ī-kài, pún-sìng lân-î
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴ i³³⁻²¹ kai²¹ pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹ lan²³⁻³³ i²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴ i³³⁻¹¹ kai¹¹ pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ i²⁴/

### Proverb

江山易改，本性難移
* a leopard can't change its spots
    From: 2021 March 14, 愛情你比我想的閣較偉大 (Oh Love, You Are Much Greater Than I Imagined), wrttien by 黃奇斌 (Ki-pin N̂g), performed by 茄子蛋 (EggPlantEgg)
    sui-jiân Kang-san ī-kài tān pún-sèng lân-î ài lí ài kah pe̍h ba̍k-bâi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    [Though] things change any moment / But I’m still the same person / Love you always, till the end

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 牛著是牛，牽到北京猶是牛／牛著是牛，牵到北京犹是牛, 牛著是牛，牽到北京也是牛／牛著是牛，牵到北京也是牛, 牛牽到北京也是牛／牛牵到北京也是牛, 牛牽到佗位攏是牛／牛牵到佗位拢是牛, 牛牽到佗落攏是牛／牛牵到佗落拢是牛, 一歲生根，百歲牢老／一岁生根，百岁牢老, 一歲生張，百歲牢老／一岁生张，百岁牢老
# 江山易改，本性難移
## Chinese

| | | rivers and mountains; the land; a landscaperivers and mountains; the land; a landscape; the country; the state power | change; easy; simple | to change; to alter; to transformto change; to alter; to transform; to correct | | one's inherent nature | disaster; distress; to scolddisaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good | to move; to shift; to changeto move; to shift; to change; to alter; to remove |
| trad. (江山易改，本性難移) | trad. (江山易改，本性難移) | 江山 | 易 | 改 | ， | 本性 | 難 | 移 |
| simp. (江山易改，本性难移) | simp. (江山易改，本性难移) | 江山 | 易 | 改 | ， | 本性 | 难 | 移 |
| alternative forms | alternative forms | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 | 江山易改，稟性難移／江山易改，禀性难移 |
| Literally: “The rivers and mountains are easily altered, but one's inherent nature is difficult to change”. |||||||||

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāngshān yì gǎi, běnxìng nán yí
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄢ ㄧˋ ㄍㄞˇ , ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kang-san ī-kài, pún-sèng lân-î
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāngshān yì gǎi, běnxìng nán yí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ ㄕㄢ ㄧˋ ㄍㄞˇ , ㄅㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiangshan yì gǎi, běnsìng nán yí
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$-shan$^1$ i$^4$ kai$^3$, pên$^3$-hsing$^4$ nan$^2$ i$^2$
*** Yale: jyāng-shān yì gǎi-, běn-syìng nán yí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiangshan yih gae, beenshinq nan yi
*** Palladius: цзяншань и гай, бэньсин нань и (czjanšanʹ i gaj, bɛnʹsin nanʹ i)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ i⁵¹ kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵ i³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
*** Yale: gōng sāan yih gói, bún sing nàahn yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^1$ saan$^1$ ji$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ sing$^3$ naan$^4$ ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^1$ san$^1$ yi$^6$ goi$^2$, bun$^2$ xing$^3$ nan$^4$ yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵ jiː²² kɔːi̯³⁵ puːn³⁵ sɪŋ³³ naːn²¹ jiː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang-san ī-kài, pún-sèng lân-î
*** Tâi-lô: kang-san ī-kài, pún-sìng lân-î
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴ i³³⁻²¹ kai²¹ pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹ lan²³⁻³³ i²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴ i³³⁻¹¹ kai¹¹ pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ i²⁴/

### Proverb

江山易改，本性難移
* a leopard can't change its spots
    From: 2021 March 14, 愛情你比我想的閣較偉大 (Oh Love, You Are Much Greater Than I Imagined), wrttien by 黃奇斌 (Ki-pin N̂g), performed by 茄子蛋 (EggPlantEgg)
    sui-jiân Kang-san ī-kài tān pún-sèng lân-î ài lí ài kah pe̍h ba̍k-bâi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    [Though] things change any moment / But I’m still the same person / Love you always, till the end

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 牛著是牛，牽到北京猶是牛／牛着是牛，牵到北京犹是牛, 牛著是牛，牽到北京也是牛／牛着是牛，牵到北京也是牛, 牛牽到北京也是牛／牛牵到北京也是牛, 牛牽到佗位攏是牛／牛牵到佗位拢是牛, 牛牽到佗落攏是牛／牛牵到佗落拢是牛, 一歲生根，百歲牢老／一岁生根，百岁牢老, 一歲生張，百歲牢老／一岁生张，百岁牢老
# eachtradh
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish echtrad, from echtra (“tale, narrative, history”), from Old Irish echtar (“without, outside”), from Proto-Celtic *exteros. Doublet of eachdraidh. Cognate with Irish eachtra (“adventure”). Compare Welsh eithr (“except, beyond”), Latin exter (“outer”).

### Noun

eachtradh m (genitive singular eachtraidh, plural eachtraidhean)
* adventure

#### Synonyms

* driod-fhortan

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “echtra”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
# 牛就是牛，牽到北京也是牛
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 牛就是牛，牽到北京也是牛 – see 牛著是牛，牽到北京也是牛 (“An ox is an ox, even if it is brought to Beijing; a leopard can't change its spots”). (This term is a variant form of 牛著是牛，牽到北京也是牛).
# -त्र
## Sanskrit
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tram, from Proto-Indo-European *-trom.

#### Suffix

-त्र • (-tra) n
* forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic

##### Derived terms
#### Further reading

* Wackernagel, Jakob, Albert Debrunner (1896-1964) Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)‎ (in German), Vol. II.2: Die Nominalsuffixe, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1954, 516-523, pages 701-710

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tra, from Proto-Indo-European *-tre (or *-tro).

#### Alternative forms

* -त्रा (-trā) — Vedic

#### Suffix

-त्र • (-tra)
* forms adverbs indicating stationary location from nominal stems

##### Derived terms
#### References

* Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 1: Einleitung, Terminologie, Lautgesetze, Adverbialendungen, Nominalsuffixe, Anhänge und Indices, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 195