# guillotine
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɡɪlətiːn/, /ˌɡɪləˈtiːn/, /ˌɡiːjəˈtiːn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɡɪləˌtin/, /ˈɡi(j)əˌtin/
* Hyphenation: guil‧lo‧tine

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French guillotine, named after the French physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (1738–1814), who proposed its use for capital punishment.

#### Noun

guillotine (plural guillotines)
* (historical, also figuratively) A machine used for the application of capital punishment by decapitation, consisting of a tall upright frame from which is suspended a heavy diagonal-edged blade which is dropped onto the neck of the person to be executed; also, execution using this machine.
** 1837, Thomas Carlyle, “The Procession”, in The French Revolution: A History […], volume I (The Bastille), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, book IV (States-General), pages 143–144:For two-and-twenty years he [Joseph-Ignace Guillotin], unguillotined, shall hear nothing but guillotine, see nothing but guillotine; then dying, shall through long centuries wander, as it were, a disconsolate ghost, on the wrong side of Styx and Lethe; his name like to outlive [Julius] Cæsar’s.
* (by extension)
** A device or machine with a cutting blade.
*** A device used for cutting the pages of books, stacks of paper, etc., to straight edges, usually by means of a hinged or sliding blade attached to a flat platform.
*** (surgery) An instrument with a sliding blade for cutting the tonsils, uvula, or other body parts.
    Hyponyms: (for tonsils) tonsillotome, tonsilotome, (for the uvula) uvulotome
** (law, politics, informal)
*** (British) A parliamentary procedure for fixing the dates when various stages of discussion of a bill must end, to ensure that the enactment of the bill proceeds expeditiously.
**** 2019 October 22, Stephen Kerr, Member of Parliament for Stirling, “Second Reading of the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Bill”, in House of Commons Debates (House of Commons)‎, volume 666, archived from the original on 24 October 2019, column 860:The right hon. Gentleman is making a great stooshie about time in relation to this Bill, but was it not the case that, when the SNP [Scottish National Party] Scottish Government introduced their continuity Bill in the Scottish Parliament, they operated a ruthless guillotine to prevent proper scrutiny of it? That is the case; they ran a guillotine on that Bill, and there was a very limited amount of time allowed for debate and scrutiny, yet he complains about that happening here.
*** (US) A legislative motion that debate be ended and a vote taken; a cloture.

##### Derived terms

* dry guillotine
* guillotine choke
* guillotine clause
* Hume's guillotine

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French guillotiner (“to execute with a guillotine, to guillotine”), from guillotine (see etymology 1) + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs).

#### Verb

guillotine (third-person singular simple present guillotines, present participle guillotining, simple past and past participle guillotined) (transitive)
* To use a guillotine (on someone or something).
** (also figuratively) To execute (someone) with a guillotine.
    Many counterrevolutionaries were guillotined during the French Revolution.
** To cut or trim (a body part, a stack of paper, etc.) with a guillotine.
* (law, politics, informal)
** (British) To end discussion (about a parliamentary bill or part of one) by invoking a guillotine procedure.
** (US) To end (a legislative debate) by invoking cloture.

##### Derived terms

* guillotined (adjective)
* guillotinement
* guillotiner
* guillotining (noun)
* unguillotined

##### Translations
### Notes

* ↑ From the Wellcome Collection in London, England, United Kingdom.

### References

* ↑ “guillotine, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2021; “guillotine, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “guillotine, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2021; “guillotine, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Further reading

* guillotine on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French guillotine. Named after Joseph-Ignace Guillotin. First attested in the early 1790s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌɡi.joːˈti.nə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: guil‧lo‧ti‧ne
* Rhymes: -inə

### Noun

guillotine f (plural guillotines, diminutive guillotinetje n)
* guillotine
    Synonym: valbijl

#### Derived terms

* guillotineren

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡi.jɔ.tin/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Guillotin. Named after French physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (1738–1814), who proposed its use for capital punishment. The surname is a diminutive of Guillot.

#### Noun

guillotine f (plural guillotines)
* guillotine (machine)

##### Derived terms

* guillotiner (“behead with a guillotine”)
* fenêtre à guillotine (“box sash window”)

##### Descendants

* → Dutch: guillotine
* → English: guillotine
* → Finnish: giljotiini
* → Indonesian: guillotine
* → Italian: ghigliottina
* → Ottoman Turkish: كییوتین (giyotin)
** Turkish: giyotin
* → Portuguese: guilhotina
* → Russian: гильотина (gilʹotina)
** → Armenian: գիլյոտին (gilyotin)
** → Georgian: გილიოტინა (gilioṭina)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

guillotine
* inflection of guillotiner:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “guillotine”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French guillotine, Guillot. After Dr Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, who proposed its use for capital punishment.

### Noun

guillotine (plural guillotine-guillotine)
* guillotine (machine)

### Further reading

* “guillotine” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Spanish
### Verb

guillotine
* inflection of guillotinar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative