# دل
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dal.la/

### Verb

دَلَّ • (dalla) I (non-past يَدُلُّ (yadullu), verbal noun دَلَالَة (dalāla))
* to show, to indicate, to direct
    الكتاب المقدس يدلُّنا على الطريق الصحيح. ― The Bible shows/directs us to the right path.
* [+ على] to be evidence of, to be proof of, to attest to, to demonstrate, to establish, to substantiate
* [+ على] to denote, to designate, to signify, to suggest
    لا شكلي ولا كلامي يَدُلّان على أنّي من الطبقة العُلْيا.Neither my way nor my speech show that I am from the upper class.

#### Conjugation
## Baluchi
### Etymology

From Classical Persian دل (dil), from Proto-Iranian *jŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.
Compare Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd), old Mazanderani زیله (zila) Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya), Armenian սիրտ (sirt), and English heart.
Doublet of زرد, which was inherited.

### Noun

دل • (dil)
* (anatomy) heart
    Synonym: زرد (zird)

#### Derived terms

* دلبر (dilbar, “sweetheart, beloved”)
* دلکهر (dilkahr, “heartbroken”)
* زنده‌دل (zinda-dil, “lively”)
* شیردل (šérdel, “brave”)

## Gujarati
### Noun

دل • (dil) n (Lisan ud-Dawat)
* Arabic spelling of દિલ (dil)
    Synonyms: ھيّوں (haiyũ), ھردہ (hirdā), قلب (qalb), فؤاد (fuwād)

## Laki
### Noun

دل (dil)
* heart

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *til (“tongue; language”).

#### Alternative forms

* دیل (dil)

#### Noun

دل • (dil)
* tongue (organ)
* anything shaped like a tongue
** (geography) spit, promontory
** tenon
* tongue (language)
* a prisoner taken to gain information

##### Derived terms

* دل باغی (dil bağı, “frenulum”)
* دل بالغی (dil balığı, “kind of flatfish”)
* دلجك (dilcik, “clitoris”)
* صیغیر دلی (sığır dili, “bugloss”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: dil

### Etymology 2

From Classical Persian دل (dil).

#### Noun

دل • (dil)
* heart (organ)
    Synonyms: یورك (yürek), قلب (kalb)
* (figurative) heart, courage; mind, feelings
    Synonym: گوڭل (göñül)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: dil

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 600
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dil1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dil2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 910

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭩𐭫 (dyl /⁠dil⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *jŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr; with a regular phonetic shift *ȷ́ŕ̥d- > *dŕ̥d > *dŕ̥l > dil. For the phonetic change, compare گل (gol) and سالار (sâlâr).
Cognates with Parthian 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫅 (zyrd /⁠zirδ⁠/), Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd), old Mazanderani زیله (zila), Northern Kurdish dil, Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya), Armenian սիրտ (sirt), Pashto زړه (zrë,zra) and English heart.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [dil]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɪl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɪl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ɪl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪il̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪el̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪il]
* Audio (Dari):(file)
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

دِل • (del) (plural دل‌ها (del-hâ))
* (original sense, now less common) heart
    Synonym: (now more common) قلب (qalb)
* (now common) stomach
    دلم درد می‌کند ― del-am dard mi-konad ― I have a stomachache
* mind; (figurative) the heart (as the seat of emotion)
    دلم شکست ― del-am šekast ― my heart is broken
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1543:برق خندد بر که میخندد بگو بر کسی که دل نهد بر نور اوbarq xandad bar ki mē-xandad bi-gō bar kas-ē ki dil nihad bar nūr-i ōThe lightning laughs: say, at whom is it laughing? At him that sets his heart upon its light.
* courage

#### Derived terms

* اهل دل (ahl-e del)
* بزدل (bozdel)
* دل دادن (del dâdan)
* دلاور (delâvar)
** دلیر (dalir)
* دلباخته (delbâxte)
* دلبر (delbar)
* دلتنگ (deltang)
* دلداده (deldâde)
* دلدار (deldâr)
* دلربا (delrobâ)
* دلسوز (delsuz)
* شیردل (širdel)
* همدل (hamdel)
* یکدل (yekdel)

#### Descendants

* → Old Azari: دل (dil, dul)
* → Azerbaijani: dil
* → Baluchi: دل (dil)
* → Bengali: দিল (dil)
* → Chagatai: دل
** Uyghur: دىل (dil)
** Uzbek: dil
* → Gilaki: دل (dil)
* → Gujarati: દિલ (dil)
    Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati: دل (dil)
* → Harzani: دل (del)
* → Old Hindi: दिल (dila)
** Hindustani: dil
    Hindi: दिल
    Urdu: دِل (dil)
* → Judeo-Tat: дуьл (dyl)
* → Central Kurdish: دڵ (dill)
* → Northern Kurdish: dil
* → Southern Kurdish: دڵ (dill)
* → Kyrgyz: дил (dil)
* → Laki: دڵ (dill), دل (dil)
* → Maithili: dil
    Devanagari script: दिल
    Tirhuta script: 𑒠𑒱𑒪
* → Marathi: दिल (dil)
* → Marwari: दिल (dil)
* → Mazanderani: دل (del)
* → Nepali: दिल (dil)
* → Odia: ଦିଲ (dila)
* → Old Punjabi: ਦਿਲੁ (dilu)
** Punjabi: dil
    Gurmukhi script: ਦਿਲ
    Shahmukhi script: دِل
* → Ottoman Turkish: دل
** Turkish: dil
* → Sindhi:
    Arabic script: دِلُ
    Devanagari script: दिलु
* → Northern Talysh: dıl (del)
* → Southern Talysh: دیل (dil /⁠dīl⁠/), دل (dıl /⁠del⁠/)
* → Turkmen: dil
* → Yagnobi: дил (dil)

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دل (dil). First attested as Old Punjabi ਦਿਲੁ (dilu).

### Noun

دِل • (dil) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦਿਲ)
* heart
* mind
* soul
* spirit, valor
* courage

#### Declension
## Sindhi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دل (dil).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d̪ɪlɪ]

### Noun

دِلِ • (dili) f (Devanagari दिलि)
* heart
* courage
* desire

### References

* Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “دِلِ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دَلَّ (dalla).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dall/, [dal]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

دلّ • (dall) I (present بدلّ (bidill))
* to guide, to direct, to indicate
    Synonyms: أرشد (ʔaršad), أشر (ʔaššar)

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دل (dil). First attested in c. 1265 as Old Hindi دل (dl) and later as Middle Hindi دل (dl).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪ɪl/
* Audio (Pakistan):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪl

### Noun

دِل • (dil) m (Hindi spelling दिल)
* (anatomy) heart
    Synonym: قلب (qalb)
* mind; conscience
    Synonyms: من (man), دماغ (dimāġ)
* mind; imagination
* attention
* (figuratively) wish

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ “دل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

### Further reading

* “دل”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “دل”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 312
* Platts, John T. (1884) “دل”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 523
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “دل”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “دل”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC