# lapis
## English
### Etymology

Shortened form of lapis lazuli.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlæpɪs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

lapis (uncountable)
* Ellipsis of lapis lazuli.
** 1735, [John Barrow], “ENGRAVING”, in Dictionarium Polygraphicum: Or, The Whole Body of Arts Regularly Digested. […], volume I (A–H), London: […] C[harles] Hitch and C[harles] Davis […], and S[amuel] Austen […], →OCLC:Lapis, opal, &c. are poliſh'd on a wooden wheel. To faſhion and Engrave vaſes of agate, cryſtal, lapis, or the like, they make uſe of a kind of lathe like that us'd by pewterers, excepting that as the pewterers lathe holds the veſſels, which are to be wrought with proper tools; that of the Engraver generally holds the tools which are turn'd by a wheel, and the veſſels held to them to be cut and engraven either in relievo or otherwiſe; [...]
** 1923 (reprinted 1993), Franklin Simon Fashion Catalog for 1923 (Franklin Simon & Co, New York), item number 53:
    French Bead Necklace of lapis or carnelian color, with crystal rondelles between each bead, graduated, 32 inches long.
** 2010, Irene Winter, editor, On Art in the Ancient Near East: From the Third Millennium B.C.E., page 291:That lapis lazuli in particular among the precious and semi-precious stones known from Mesopotamia was accorded considerable value in antiquity may be inferred from the archaeological record through association with high-status locii and goods. [...] deities receive votive gifts and booty of lapis, consisting of items of personal adornment and cult objects, while their temples are described as decorated with lapis or shining like lapis. [...] For example, the contents of the graves in the Royal Cemetery of Ur: [...] various objects employing inlay that include lapis among the insets, [...] Mari sent an emissary to acquire lapis from Lars.
** 2011, Daniel Boscaljon, Hope and the Longing for Utopia: Futures and Illusions in Theology and Narrative, page 99:The buddha lands described in the Lotus share certain generic features: the ground is made of lapis or crystal; they are perfectly level, without mountains or valleys; they are free from all manner of filth, including the stench of latrines [...] The ground was made of lapis lazuli, [...]

#### Usage notes

* In translations of Indian mythological texts, a plural form lapises can be found.
* The term lapis is sometimes considered an informal/slang term, especially after its popularization by Minecraft.

#### Related terms

* lapis armenus
* lapis calaminaris
* lapis infernalis

### See also

* kek lapis

### Anagrams

* Alsip, spial, Lipas, Palis, pails, ALIPs, pials, lapsi, lipas

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlapis/ [ˈl̪a.pis]
* Hyphenation: la‧pis

### Noun

lápis (Basahan spelling ᜎᜉᜒᜐ᜔)
* pencil
    Synonyms: pensil, monggol (dated)

#### See also

* bolpen
* pluma

## Bolinao
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

### Noun

lapis
* pencil

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: la‧pis
* IPA: /ˈlapis/ [ˈl̪a.pɪs̪]

### Etymology 1

Unknown.

#### Noun

lapis
* doublespotted queenfish (Scomberoides lysan)
* needlescaled queenfish (Scomberoides tol)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”), from Latin lapis (“stone”).

#### Noun

lapis
* a pencil

## Cuyunon
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

### Noun

lapis
* pencil

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* lápis (reintegrationist spelling)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin lapis (“stone”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlapis/ [ˈla.pis̺]
* Rhymes: -apis
* Hyphenation: la‧pis

### Noun

lapis m (invariable)
* pencil
    E a letra con que escribía nun papel cun lapis atado nunha silla.And the handwriting he used to write on a piece of paper with a pencil tied to a chair.

### Further reading

* “lapis”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay lapis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapis (“stone slab, thin layer”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈla.pɪs/
* Rhymes: -pɪs, -ɪs, -s
* Hyphenation: la‧pis

### Noun

lapis (plural lapis-lapis)
* layer, lining
* row
* stratum

### Adjective

lapis
* in layers

### Derived terms

* berlapis
* berlapis-lapis
* dilapisi
* lapisan
* melapis
* melapisi
* melapiskan
* pelapis
* pelapisan
* lapis antara
* lapis difusi
* lapis legit
* lapis monomolekul
* lapis mutiara
* lapis penutup

### Related terms

* tapis
* tepis
* tipis

### Further reading

* “lapis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lapis. Doublet of lapide.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈla.pis/
* Rhymes: -apis
* Hyphenation: là‧pis

### Noun

lapis m (invariable)
* pencil
    Synonym: matita
* sanguine (red chalk)
    Synonym: sanguigna

#### Derived terms

* appuntalapis

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: laps
* → Catalan: llapis
* → Galician: lapis, lápis
* → Maltese: lapes
* → Piedmontese: làpis
* → Portuguese: lápis (see there for further descendants)
* → Romagnol: àbiș
* → Spanish: lápiz (see there for further descendants)
* → Venetan: łàpis

### Anagrams

* salpi, spali

## Kapampangan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlapis/ [ˈläː.pis]
* Hyphenation: la‧pis

### Noun

lapis
* pencil

## Kavalan
### Noun

lapis
* squirrel

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *lapets. May be connected with Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), either from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”) (compare secō, saxum; rumpō, rupēs) or, more likely, a Mediterranean substrate language.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈla.pis/, [ˈɫ̪äpɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈla.pis/, [ˈläːpis]

### Noun

lapis m (genitive lapidis); third declension
* stone
    Synonyms: saxum, silex, petra
** Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Genesis 28:22:et lapis iste quem erexi in titulum vocabitur Domus DeiAnd this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God's house
* milestone
* boundary stone
* gravestone, tombstone
* lapis manalis (“stone of manes”), which covers the gate of Hades or underworld
* stone platform at a slave auction
* statue
* (poetic) jewel, precious stone

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* lapicīda
* lapidāris
* lapidēscō
* lapideus
* lapidō
* lapidōsus
* lapillus
* lapiō
* (medieval) lapis calamīnāris
* (medieval) lapis lazulī

#### Related terms

* lapidārius
* lapidātiō
* lapidātor

#### Descendants

* Italian: lapida, lapide
** → Catalan: làpida
* Spanish: laude
* → Italian: lapis (see there for further descendants)
* → Polish: lapis
* → Portuguese: lápide
* → Russian: ля́пис (ljápis)
* → Spanish: lápida (see there for further descendants)

### References

* “lapis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “lapis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "lapis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* lapis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “lapis”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 678

## Limos Kalinga
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

### Noun

lapis
* pencil

## Lubuagan Kalinga
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

### Noun

lapis
* pencil

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [la.pes]
* Rhymes: -pes, -es
* Hyphenation: la‧pis

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapis (“stone slab, thin layer”).

#### Noun

lapis (Jawi spelling لاڤيس)
* layer
    Synonym: petala
* row
* stratum

##### Affixations

* berlapis
* berlapis-lapis
* berlapiskan
* lapisan
* lapisi
* lapiskan
* melapis
* pelapis
* pelapisan

##### Compounds

* lapis emas

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: lapis

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

lapis (Jawi spelling لاڤيس)
* flayed (of meat, etc.)
* a type of kuih made out of rice flour or wheat flour and coconut milk steamed layer by layer
    Synonyms: kuih lapis, lapis legit

### Further reading

* “lapis” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Masbatenyo
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

### Noun

lapis
* pencil

## Matigsalug Manobo
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

### Noun

lapis
* pencil

## Pangasinan
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

#### Noun

lapis
* pencil

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

lapís
* coconut shell

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin lapis (īnfernālis); compare Russian ля́пис (ljápis).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈla.pis/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -apis
* Syllabification: la‧pis

### Noun

lapis m inan
* (informal) silver nitrate (silver salt of nitric acid, AgNO3)
    Synonyms: azotan srebra, kamień piekielny
* (archaic) light grey or light lilac color

#### Declension
### Further reading

* lapis in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* lapis in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French lapis or Latin lapis.

### Noun

lapis n (uncountable)
* lapis lazuli

#### Declension
## Tagabawa
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

### Noun

lapis
* pencil

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”), from Latin lapis. Doublet of lapida.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈlapis/ [ˈlaː.pɪs]
* Rhymes: -apis
* Syllabification: la‧pis

### Noun

lapis (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜉᜒᜐ᜔)
* pencil
    Synonym: mongol
* graphite; black lead
    Synonym: grapito
* doublespotted queenfish (Scomberoides lysan)
* stone slab; stile of tiles

#### Derived terms

* batong-lapis
* lapisin
* maglapis

#### See also

* mongol

### Further reading

* “lapis”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* plais, pasil, Pasil, lipas

## Tetum
### Etymology

From Portuguese lápis.

### Noun

lapis
* pencil

## Waray-Waray
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

### Noun

lapis
* pencil

## Yogad
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”).

### Noun

lapis
* pencil