# 京

| 京 | U+4EAC, &#20140; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAC |
| ← 享 [U+4EAB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 亭 → [U+4EAD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

京 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口火 (YRF), four-corner 0090$_6$, composition ⿳亠口小)

#### Derived characters

* 倞 惊 掠 弶 涼(凉) 猄 婛 𠶛 𡌿 𡹡 𡬱 琼 晾 椋 㹁 稤 䁁 䃄 綡(𫟅) 翞 諒(谅) 輬(辌) 䝶 䣼 𨂙 鍄 鯨(鲸) 黥 剠 勍 就 鶁 𡹞 景 麖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 299
* Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 284, character 6
* Unihan data for U+4EAC

## Chinese

* 京 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 京 (Cantonese)
* 京 (Classical)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 京 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj13492j13493j13494j13495j13496j13497j13498j13499j13500j13501j13502j13503j13504j13505j13506j13507j13508Bronze inscriptionsb08306b08307b08308b08309b08310b08311b08312b08313b08314b08315b08316b08317b08318b08319b08320b08321b08322b08323b08324Small seal scripts03835Transcribed ancient scriptsL33123L33124L33125L33126L33127L33128L33129L33130L33131L10565L10566L10567L10568L10569L10570L10571L10572L10573L10574L10575L10576L10577L10578L10579L10580L10581 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 涼 | *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs |
| 凉 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 椋 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 綡 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 輬 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 諒 | *ɡ·raŋs |
| 掠 | *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ |
| 弶 | *ɡaŋs |
| 京 | *kraŋ |
| 麖 | *kraŋ |
| 鶁 | *kraŋ |
| 景 | *kraŋʔ |
| 鯨 | *ɡraŋ |
| 黥 | *ɡraŋ |
| 勍 | *ɡraŋ |
| 剠 | *ɡraŋ |
| 倞 | *ɡraŋs |
| 影 | *qraŋʔ |
| 璟 | *qraŋʔ, *kʷraŋʔ |
| 憬 | *kʷraŋʔ |
| 暻 | *kʷraŋʔ |
| 澋 | *ɡʷraːŋʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a tall building (i.e. a tower). Compare 高.
When used as a component on top of the character, the character loses the bottom part 小. (e.g., 亮 and 亭). Unrelated to the top component of 离, which represents grass.

### Etymology 1

Either from:
* Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT), cognate with 岡 (OC *klaːŋ, “hill, crest”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”), Tibetan སྒང་ (sgang, “ridge; mound”), Burmese ခင် (hkang, “ridge”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Puroik gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain"); or
* of Austroasiatic origin, compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *graŋ (“hill, peak”) (Schuessler, 2007), whence Mon ဂြၚ် (krɛ̀aŋ, “peak”) and Old Khmer grāṅ (“hill on flat land”).
Within Chinese, cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “large”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jīng (jing$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җин (žin, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ging$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gen$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kîn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gin$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): géng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging$^1$ / gia$^1$ / giaⁿ$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiaⁿ / keng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gian$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$cin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jing
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$
*** Yale: jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jin$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җин (žin, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^1$
*** Yale: gīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ken³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: géng
*** Sinological IPA : /keiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ging
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵³³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gia$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: giaⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /kia⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: giaⁿ$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kĩã⁵³³/
* gia1, giaⁿ1 - vernacular;
* ging1 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit京 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕĩn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕin³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕin²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/ /t͡ɕi¹³/ ～陵城 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕaŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕin⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kin⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kin²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /keŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /keŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiŋ⁵⁵/ /kiã⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /keiŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kiã³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /keŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: kjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 舉卿切 |
| Baxter | kjaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ging$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]raŋ/ |
| English | hill; capital city |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6828 |
| Phonetic component | 京 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 驚 |
| Old Chinese | /*kraŋ/ |

#### Definitions

京
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) capital (city)
    京城 ― jīngchéng ― capital city
    京畿 ― jīngjī ― capital city and its surrounding area
    泰京 ― Tàijīng ― (Thailand) Bangkok (the capital city of Thailand)
    墨京 ― Mòjīng ― (dated) Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Sān hòu zài tiān, wáng pèi yú jīng. [Pinyin]
    The three sovereigns were in heaven; and king [Wu] was their worthy successor in his capital.
* Short for 北京 (Běijīng, “Beijing”). after 1949
    京劇／京剧 ― jīngjù ― Beijing opera
    京腔 ― jīngqiāng ― Beijing accent
* Short for 南京 (Nánjīng, “Nanjing”). between 1927–1948
* Short for 京都 (jīngdū, “Kyoto”). when referring Japan-related topics
* ten quadrillion, 10$^{16}$
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) tall mound
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Céngsūn zhī yǔ, rú dǐ rú jīng. [Pinyin]
    The stacks of the distant descendant, will stand like islands and mounds.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) large barn
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) large; great
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Yǒuguī zhīhòu, jiāng yù yú Jiāng, wǔshìqíchāng, bìng yú zhèngqīng, bā shì zhīhòu, mò zhī yǔ jīng. [Pinyin]
    The posterity of this scion of the Gui [surname of the House of Chen] will be nourished among the Jiang [surname of the House of Qi]. In five generations they will be prosperous, and the highest ministers in Qi; in eight, there will be none to compare with them for greatness.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) ten million, 10$^7$
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) septillion, 10$^{24}$
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) A hundred nonillion, 10$^{32}$

##### See also

Chinese numerals :
| 10$^4$ | 10$^8$ | 10$^{12}$ | 10$^{16}$ | 10$^{20}$ | 10$^{24}$ | 10$^{28}$ | 10$^{32}$ | 10$^{36}$ | 10$^{40}$ | 10$^{44}$ | 10$^{48}$ |
| 萬／万 (wàn) | 億／亿 (yì) | 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) | 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝／沟 (gōu) | 澗／涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載／载 (zài) | 極／极 (jí) |
| 萬／万 (wàn) | 億／亿 (yì) | 萬億／万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China) | 億億/亿亿 (Mainland China) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝／沟 (gōu) | 澗／涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載／载 (zài) | 極／极 (jí) |

#### Compounds

* 上京 (shàngjīng)
* 中京 (Zhōngjīng)
* 二京
* 五日京兆 (wǔrìjīngzhào)
* 京尹
* 京二胡 (jīng'èrhú)
* 京京 (jīngjīng)
* 京倉 / 京仓
* 京債 / 京债
* 京兆 (Jīngzhào)
* 京兆尹 (Jīngzhào Yǐn)
* 京八寸
* 京劇 / 京剧 (jīngjù)
* 京口
* 京味 (jīngwèi)
* 京味兒 / 京味儿
* 京城 (jīngchéng)
* 京堂
* 京報 / 京报
* 京字頭 / 京字头 (jīngzìtóu)
* 京官
* 京室
* 京察
* 京山 (Jīngshān)
* 京師 / 京师 (jīngshī)
* 京府
* 京戲 / 京戏 (jīngxì)
* 京斯敦 (Jīngsīdūn)
* 京族 (Jīngzú)
* 京東大鼓 / 京东大鼓
* 京江
* 京油子
* 京洛
* 京派 (jīngpài)
* 京津大鼓
* 京滬鐵路 / 京沪铁路
* 京片子 (jīngpiànzi)
* 京畿 (jīngjī)
* 京畿令
* 京白 (jīngbái)
* 京白梨
* 京縣 / 京县
* 京繡 / 京绣
* 京胡 (jīnghú)
* 京腔 (jīngqiāng)
* 京花子
* 京菜 (jīngcài)
* 京華 / 京华 (jīnghuá)
* 京觀 / 京观 (jīngguàn)
* 京話 / 京话
* 京語 / 京语 (jīngyǔ)
* 京調 / 京调 (jīngdiào)
* 京邑 (jīngyì)
* 京都 (jīngdū)
* 京闕 / 京阙 (jīngquè)
* 京韻大鼓 / 京韵大鼓
* 光復舊京 / 光复旧京
* 兩京 / 两京 (liǎngjīng)
* 北京 (Běijīng)
* 北京之春
* 北京人 (Běijīngrén)
* 北京大學 / 北京大学
* 北京時間 / 北京时间 (Běijīng Shíjiān)
* 北京條約 / 北京条约
* 北京狗 (běijīnggǒu)
* 北京鴨 / 北京鸭 (běijīngyā)
* 南京 (Nánjīng)
* 南京條約 / 南京条约
* 四京
* 帝京
* 放京債 / 放京债
* 東京 / 东京 (Dōngjīng)
* 東京影展 / 东京影展
* 東京灣 / 东京湾 (Dōngjīngwān)
* 東京股市 / 东京股市
* 汴京 (Biànjīng)
* 洛京
* 海京
* 灤京 / 滦京
* 燕京 (Yānjīng)
* 玉京
* 盛京 (Shèngjīng)
* 研京練都 / 研京练都
* 神京 (shénjīng)
* 維京人 / 维京人 (wéijīngrén)
* 莫之與京 / 莫之与京 (mòzhīyǔjīng)
* 西京 (Xījīng)
* 西京賦 / 西京赋
* 西京雜記 / 西京杂记
* 進京 / 进京 (jìnjīng)
* 鎬京 / 镐京 (hàojīng)
* 陪京

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 京(きょう) (kyō); 京(けい) (kei)
* → Korean: 경(京) (gyeong)
* → Vietnamese: kinh (京)

#### References

* “京”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00065

### Etymology 2

From Vietnamese Kinh, in turn from Sino-Vietnamese word from 京 (“capital”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīng (jing$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jing
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$
*** Yale: jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^1$
*** Yale: gīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit京 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕĩn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡ɕin³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕin²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/ /t͡ɕi¹³/ ～陵城 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕaŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕin⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kin⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kin²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /keŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /keŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiŋ⁵⁵/ /kiã⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kiŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /keiŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kiã³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /keŋ²³/ |

#### Definitions

京
* Gin (ethnic Vietnamese from China)

#### Compounds

* 京族 (Jīngzú)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* capital city
* ten quadrillion (short scale); ten thousand billion (long scale); 10$^{16}$
* Tokyo
* Kyoto

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
* Tō-on: きん (kin)
* Kun: みやこ (miyako, 京)
* Nanori: あつ (atsu)、たか (taka)

#### Compounds

* 京表(きょうおもて) (kyōomote)
* 京女(きょうおんな) (kyōonna)
* 京方(きょうがた) (kyōgata)
* 京形(きょうがた) (kyōgata)
* 京響(きょうきょう) (kyōkyō)
* 京劇(きょうげき) (kyōgeki)
* 京大(きょうだい) (Kyōdai)
* 京地(きょうち) (kyōchi)
* 京都(きょうと) (Kyōto)
* 京菜(きょうな) (kyōna)
* 京人形(きょうにんぎょう) (kyōningyō)
* 京風(きょうふう) (kyōfū)
* 京物(きょうもの) (kyōmono)
* 京華(けいか) (keika)
* 京師(けいし) (keishi)
* 京滋(けいじ) (Keiji)
* 京人(けいじん) (keijin)
* 京成(けいせい) (keisei)
* 京阪(けいはん) (Keihan)
* 京浜(けいひん) (Keihin)
* 京葉(けいよう) (Keiyō)
* 京洛(きょうらく) (kyōraku)
* 英京(えいきょう) (eikyō)
* 帰京(ききょう) (kikyō)
* 在京(ざいきょう) (zaikyō)
* 出京(しゅっきょう) (shukkyō)
* 退京(たいきょう) (taikyō)
* 滞京(たいきょう) (taikyō)
* 中京(ちゅうきょう) (Chūkyō)
* 帝京(ていきょう) (teikyō)
* 東京(とうきょう) (Tōkyō)
* 南京(なんきょう) (Nankyō)
* 入京(にゅうきょう) (nyūkyō)
* 北京(ほっきょう) (Hokkyō)
* 平安京(へいあんきょう) (Heian-kyō)
* 平城京(へいじょうきょう) (Heijō-kyō)
* 離京(りっきょう) (rikkyō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 京
* きょう Grade: 2
* goon
From Middle Chinese 京 (MC kjaeng).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょー [kyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲo̞ː]

#### Noun

京(きょう) • (kyō)
* capital city
* Short for 京都 (Kyōto, “Kyōto (a city in Kyōto, Japan)”).
    京言葉(きょうことば) (kyōkotoba)
    京(きょう)料理(りょうり) (kyōryōri, literally “Kyōto cuisine”)
    京(きょう)の着倒(きだお)れ、大阪(おおさか)の食(く)い倒(だお)れ
       Kyō no kidaore, Ōsaka no kuidaore
       Spend Your Money on Fashion in Kyoto, eat till you’re broke in Osaka

#### Affix

京(きょう) • (kyō)
* capital city
    Synonyms: 都 (miyako), (literary) 洛 (raku)
* (specifically) Kyōto (a city in Kyōto, Japan)
    Synonym: (literary) 洛 (raku)
* (especially) Tōkyō (a province of Japan)
    上京(じょうきょう) (jōkyō)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 京
* みやこ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 京 – see the following entry. :
| 【都みやこ】3 | [noun] (archaic) the place of residence of the emperor [noun] (by extension) a capital city [noun] (by extension) a capital (most important city in the field specified), an economic and political center, a metropolis [noun] (shogi, colloquial) Short for 都詰め (miyakozume): moving the 王将 (ōshō)/玉将 (gyokushō, “king”) to the center of the board with other pieces close together [proper noun] a placename [proper noun] a surname [proper noun] a female given name Alternative spelling 京都 |
(This term, 京, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 京
* けい Grade: 2
* kan'on

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けー [kéꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ke̞ː]

#### Number

京(けい) • (kei)
* 10,000,000,000,000,000, 10$^{16}$, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion

#### See also

v • d • eJapanese counter/suffix: 京 (けい, kei, "ten quadrillion") :
| Number | Kanji | Kana | Romaji |
| 10$^{16}$ | 一京 | いっけい | ikkei |
| 2 × 10$^{16}$ | 二京 | にけい | nikei |
| 3 × 10$^{16}$ | 三京 | さんけい | sankei |
| 4 × 10$^{16}$ | 四京 | よんけい | yonkei |
| 5 × 10$^{16}$ | 五京 | ごけい | gokei |
| 6 × 10$^{16}$ | 六京 | ろっけい | rokkei |
| 7 × 10$^{16}$ | 七京 | ななけい | nanakei |
| 8 × 10$^{16}$ | 八京 | はっけい | hakkei |
| 9 × 10$^{16}$ | 九京 | きゅうけい | kyūkei |
| 10$^{17}$ | 十京 | じっけい | jikkei |
| 10$^{18}$ | 百京 | ひゃっけい | hyakkei |

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 京
* かなどめ Grade: 2
* nanori

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かなどめ [kànáꜜdòmè] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ka̠na̠do̞me̞]

#### Proper noun

京(かなどめ) • (Kanadome)
* a surname

## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 경 (亰, gyeong)

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 京 (MC kjaeng). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what is its historical reading?”)

### Hanja

京 (eumhun 서울 경 (seoul gyeong)) 京 (eumhun 경 경 (gyeong gyeong))
* hanja form of 경 (“capital”)
* hanja form of 경 (“10,000,000,000,000,000, 10$^{16}$, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion”)

#### Compounds

* 경기도 (京畿道, Gyeonggido, “Gyeonggi”)
* 경부 (京釜, Gyeongbu, “Seoul and Busan”)
* 경인 (京仁, Gyeong'in, “Seoul and Incheon”)
* 동경 (東京, Donggyeong, “Tokyo”)
* 북경 (北京, Bukgyeong, “Beijing”)
* 상경 (上京, sanggyeong, “going to capital city”)

### See also

* 서울 (Seoul, “capital; Seoul”)
* 수도 (首都, sudo, “capital”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 3.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

京: Hán Việt readings: kinh, nguyên
京: Nôm readings: kinh, kiêng, kềnh, kình

### Noun

京 • (kinh)
* chữ Hán form of kinh (“capital city”).

### Adjective

京 • (Kinh)
* chữ Hán form of Kinh (“ethnically Vietnamese”).

### Verb

京 • (kiêng)
* chữ Nôm form of kiêng (“to respect”).

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).