# era
## English
### Alternative forms

* æra (archaic)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: îrʹə:
** (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: /ˈɪə.ɹə/, [ˈɪə̯.ɹə ~ ˈɪː.ɹə]
*** Audio (UK):(file)
** (New Zealand) IPA: /iə.ɹə/, [ˈi̞ə̯.ɹə ~ ˈiː.ɹə]
** (Scotland) IPA: /ˈi.ɹə/, [ˈiː.ɹə]
** (East Anglia, cheer–chair merger) IPA: /ˈɛː.ɹə/, [ˈɛ̝.ɹə ~ ˈe̞ː.ɹə]
** Rhymes: -ɪəɹə
** Homophone: airer (non-rhotic, cheer–chair merger)
* (US) enPR: ĕrʹə, îrʹə; IPA: /ˈɛɹ.ə/, /ˈɪɚ.ə/
** Audio (US); /ˈɛɹ.ə/:(file)
** Homophone: error (/ˈɛɹ.ə/, non-rhotic)
** Rhymes: -ɛɹə, -ɪəɹə
* Hyphenation: e‧ra

### Noun

era (plural eras)
* A time period of indeterminate length, generally more than one year.
** 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 6, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:Even in an era when individuality in dress is a cult, his clothes were noticeable. He was wearing a hard hat of the low round kind favoured by hunting men, and with it a black duffle-coat lined with white.
** 2012 January, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 4 April 2012, page 87:In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.
* (geology) A geochronologic unit of tens to hundreds of millions of years; a subdivision of an eon, and subdivided into periods.

#### Synonyms

* (time period of indeterminate length): age, epoch, period
* See also Thesaurus:era

#### Hyponyms

* (cosmological time unit): stelliferous era, degenerate era, black hole era
* (geochronologic unit): Cenozoic era, erathem, Mesozoic era, Paleozoic era

#### Coordinate terms

* supereon
* aeon ~ eon
* era
* period
* epoch
* age, sub-epoch

#### Derived terms

* bubble era
* classical era
* dead-ball era
* era-defining
* era name
* Fleabag era
* flop era
* geologic era
* golden era
* live-ball era
* modern era
* our era
* Planck era
* rainbow era

#### Translations

Albanian: erë (sq) f, epokë (sq) f
Arabic: عَصْر (ar) m (ʕaṣr), عُصُور (ar) m pl (ʕuṣūr), زَمَان (ar) m (zamān)
Armenian: դարաշրջան (hy) (darašrǰan), ժամանակաշրջան (hy) (žamanakašrǰan)
Asturian: era (ast) f, época (ast) f
Azerbaijani: əsr (az), dövr (az), era, zaman (az)
Bashkir: дәүер (dəwer), заман (zaman)
Belarusian: э́ра f (éra), эпо́ха f (epóxa)
Bengali: যুগ (bn) (jug), কাল (bn) (kal), জমানা (bn) (jomana)
Breton: amzervezh f, hoalad m
Bulgarian: е́ра (bg) f (éra), епо́ха (bg) f (epóha)
Burmese: ခေတ် (my) (hket), ယုဂ် (my) (yug)
Catalan: era (ca) f, època (ca) f, període (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 時代 / 时代 (zh) (shídài), 紀元 / 纪元 (zh) (jìyuán)
Czech: éra (cs) f, epocha f, období (cs) n
Danish: æra c
Dutch: tijdperk (nl) n, periode (nl) f, era (nl) m, tijdrekening (nl) f
Egyptian: (rk)
Esperanto: erao
Estonian: ajastu (et)
Finnish: aikakausi (fi), ajanjakso (fi), aika (fi)
French: ère (fr) f, période (fr) f, époque (fr) f
Galician: era (gl) f, época (gl) f
Georgian: დრო (ka) (dro), ერა (era)
German: Ära (de) f, Epoche (de) f
Greek: περίοδος (el) f (períodos), εποχή (el) f (epochí)
Hebrew: עידן \ עִדָּן (he) m (idán), תְּקוּפָה (he) f (tkufá)
Hindi: युग (hi) m (yug), अनुयुग m (anuyug), ज़माना m (zamānā), काल (hi) m (kāl)
Hungarian: kor (hu), korszak (hu), éra (hu)
Ido: ero (io)
Indonesian: era (id), masa (id), jaman (id), periode (id)
Italian: era (it) f, epoca (it) f
Japanese: 時代 (ja) (じだい, jidai), 紀元 (ja) (きげん, kigen)
Kabuverdianu: idadi
Kazakh: дәуір (däuır), заман (zaman)
Khmer: សម័យ (km) (saʼmay), កាល (km) (kaal), យុគ (km) (yuk)
Korean: 시대(時代) (ko) (sidae), 기원(紀元) (ko) (giwon)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: dewr (ku), zeman (ku)
Kyrgyz: доор (ky) (door), эра (era), заман (ky) (zaman)
Lao: ຍຸກ (nyuk), ສະໃໝ (sa mai), ສໄມ (sa mai)
Latin: aetas (la) f
Latvian: ēra f, laikmets m
Lithuanian: era (lt) f
Macedonian: ера f (era)
Malay: masa (ms), zaman (ms), tarikh (ms)
Marathi: काळ m (kāḷ), युग n (yug)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: цаг (mn) (cag), үе (mn) (üje), эрин үе (erin üje)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: æra (no) m, tidsalder m, epoke (no) m, tidsepoke m
Nynorsk: æra m, tidsalder m, epoke m, tidsepoke m
Pashto: دوره (ps) f (dawrá), عصر (ps) m (asᶕr), زمانه (ps) f (zamāná, zəmāná)
Persian:
Iranian Persian: عَصْر (asr), دُوْرِه (dowre), زَمان (zamân), زَمانِه (zamâne)
Polish: era (pl) f
Portuguese: era (pt) f, época (pt) f
Romanian: eră (ro) f, epocă (ro) f, perioadă (ro) f
Russian: э́ра (ru) f (éra), эпо́ха (ru) f (epóxa)
Sanskrit: युग (sa) n (yuga)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: е́ра f
Roman: éra (sh) f
Slovak: obdobie n, éra (sk) f, epocha (sk) f
Slovene: era f
Spanish: época (es) f, era (es) f, período (es) m, evo (es) m (poetic)
Swedish: era (sv) c, tidevarv (sv) n
Tagalog: higtion
Tajik: давр (davr), давра (davra), аср (asr), замон (tg) (zamon), замона (zamona)
Tatar: заман (tt) (zaman), дәвер (tt) (däwer)
Telugu: శకం (te) (śakaṁ), యుగం (te) (yugaṁ)
Thai: สมัย (th) (sà-mǎi), กาล (th) (gaan), ยุค (th) (yúk)
Turkish: çağ (tr), devir (tr), asır (tr)
Turkmen: döwür, zaman (tk)
Udmurt: вапум (vapum)
Ukrainian: е́ра (uk) f (éra), епо́ха (uk) f (epóxa)
Urdu: زَمانَہ m (zamāna) دَور m (daur), عَصْر m ('asr), زَمان m (zamān)
Uyghur: دەۋر (dewr)
Uzbek: davr (uz), era (uz), epoxa (uz), asr (uz), zamon (uz)
Vietnamese: thời đại (vi) (時代), kỉ nguyên (vi) (紀元)
Zazaki: dem (diq), dewr (diq) :

### Further reading

* era on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* 'ear, Åre, ear, Rea, rea, EAR, REA, aer-, A.R.E., ReA, ARE, aër-, Are, Aer, are, Rae

## Albanian
### Noun

era
* definite nominative singular of erë

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Late Latin aera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeɾa/ [ˈe.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -eɾa
* Syllabification: e‧ra

### Noun

era f (plural eres)
* era (time period)
    Synonyms: dómina, época

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian э́ра (éra), ultimately from Late Latin aera.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

era (definite accusative eranı, plural eralar)
* era
    yeni eraya qədəm qoymaq ― to enter a new era
    eramızdan əvvəl ― before the common era

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “era” in Obastan.com.

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

era inan
* manner

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈe.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈe.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -eɾa

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

#### Noun

era f (plural eres)
* era (time period)
    Synonym: època

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin ārea (“open space; threshing floor”). Compare the borrowed doublet àrea.

#### Noun

era f (plural eres)
* small section of arable land destined for cultivation

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

era
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ésser

### Further reading

* “era” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “era”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “era” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “era” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Chuukese
### Verb

era
* (intransitive) to say

#### Related terms

* ereni

## Creek
### Pronunciation

* (Oklahoma) IPA: [ɪɬɑ́ˑ]
* Hyphenation: e‧ra

### Noun

era
* his/her back

#### Inflection
### References

* J. B. Martin, M. McKane Mauldrin (2004) A dictionary of Creek/Muscogee, University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 31
* J. B. Martin (2011) A grammar of Creek (Muscogee), University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 134

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeː.raː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: era
* Rhymes: -eːraː

### Noun

era f (plural era's)
* era, age, epoch
    Synonyms: eeuw, tijdperk
* (dated) era, calendar
    Synonym: jaartelling

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: era

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈera]
* Rhymes: -era
* Hyphenation: er‧a

### Adjective

era (accusative singular eran, plural eraj, accusative plural erajn)
* adjective form of ero (“bit, piece”).

## Fala
### Verb

era
* first-person singular imperfect indicative of sel (“to be”)
* third-person singular imperfect indicative of sel (“to be”)
** 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IV, Chapter 1: Non Diptongación da “E” i a “O” en Nossa Fala:Tampocu era normal en o leonés antiguu, según os estudius dos escritus i textus estudiaus, por ejemplu por Menéndez Pidal, quen tamén viñu i estudió o mañegu.Neither was it normal in Old Leonese, according to studies of the writings and the texts studied, by Menéndez Pidal for example, who also came and studied Mañego.

## Galician
### Verb

era
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

## Indonesian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch era, from Latin aera.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈera/ [ˈe.ra]
* Rhymes: -era
* Syllabification: e‧ra

#### Noun

era (plural era-era)
* era, age, epoch

##### Derived terms

* era bonanza minyak
* era demokratisasi
* era digitalisasi
* era elektrifikasi
* era globalisasi
* era industrialisasi
* era keemasan
* era keterbukaan
* era kolonial
* era kontemporer
* era milenial
* era modern
* era pandemi
* era pascapandemi
* era pembangunan
* era reformasi
* era telekomunikasi
* era transisi

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hitu [Term?]

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈera/ [ˈe.ra]
* Rhymes: -era
* Syllabification: e‧ra

#### Noun

era (plural era-era)
* sago dreg

### Further reading

* “era” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Noun

era (plural eras)
* era

### Verb

era
* optional irregular past tense form of esser ("to be")

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.ra/
* Rhymes: -ɛra
* Hyphenation: è‧ra

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

#### Noun

era f (plural ere)
* age, epoch, period
    Synonyms: epoca, età
* (geology) era

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin erat.

#### Verb

era
* third-person singular imperfect indicative of essere

### Etymology 3

From Latin eram.

#### Verb

era
* (obsolete) Alternative form of ero, first-person singular imperfect indicative of essere
** 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell]‎, lines 10–12; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎, 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:Io non so ben ridir com’i’ v’intrai, ¶ tant’era pien di sonno a quel punto ¶ che la verace via abbandonai.I cannot well repeat how there I entered, ⁠¶ ⁠So full was I of slumber at the moment ¶ ⁠In which I had abandoned the true way.

### Anagrams

* -are, Rea, are, rea

## Ladino
### Verb

era (Hebrew spelling אירה)
* first-person singular imperfect indicative of ser
* third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* hera

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈe.ra/, [ˈɛrä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈe.ra/, [ˈɛːrä]

### Noun

era f (genitive erae, masculine erus); first declension
* mistress (of a house, with respect to the servants)

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

## Luganda
### Conjunction

era
* and then (only used for occurrences in chronological order)

#### See also

* ne

#### References

The Essentials of Luganda, J. D. Chesswas, 4th edition. Oxford University Press: Nairobi. 1967, p. 95.

## Mirandese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.ɾɐ/

### Verb

era
* first/third-person singular imperfect of ser

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Verb

era
* (archaic or dialectal) plural present of vera

## Occitan
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Gascony):(file)

### Article

era f
* feminine singular of eth

### Pronoun

era
* (Gascony) she

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō.

### Noun

ēra f
* honour
* dignity

#### Derived terms

* unēra

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: êre
** Dutch: eer
*** Afrikaans: eer
*** Negerhollands: eer
** Limburgish: ieër

#### Further reading

* “ēra”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old English
### Verb

era
* imperative singular of erian

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō, whence also Old English ār, Old Norse eir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeː.ra/

### Noun

ēra f
* honour
* renown
* respect

#### Descendants

* German: Ehre

### References

* Henry Frowde, An Old High German Primer
* Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer with grammar, notes and glossary, Second Edition

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō, whence also Old English ār, Old Norse eir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛː.rɑ/

### Noun

ēra f
* honour
* renown
* glory

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: ēre
** → Old Norse: æra
*** Danish: ære
*** Icelandic: æra
*** Faroese: æra
*** Norwegian Nynorsk: ære
*** Norwegian Bokmål: ære
*** Swedish: ära

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *teT, from Proto-Tupian *jeT.
Cognate with Guaraní téra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.ɾa/
* Rhymes: -ɛɾa
* Hyphenation: e‧ra

### Noun

era (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tera, R1 rera, R2 sera)
* name

#### Derived terms

* er
* erakûatiasaba
* erapûana
* ere'yma

#### Descendants

* Nheengatu: era
* →⇒ Portuguese: xará

### References

* ↑ Andrey Nikulin (2020) Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo‎ (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB

### Further reading

* Antônio Lemos Barbosa (1956) Curso de tupi antigo: gramática, exercícios, textos [Course of Old Tupi: Grammar, Exercises, Texts]‎ (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José
* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “era”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 109, column 1

## Polish
### Etymology

Internationalism; compare English era, French ère, German Ära, ultimately from Late Latin aera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛra
* Syllabification: e‧ra

### Noun

era f
* era

#### Related terms

* n.e.
* p.n.e.

### Further reading

* era in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* era in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛ.ɾɐ/
* Rhymes: -ɛɾɐ
* Homophones: hera, Hera
* Hyphenation: e‧ra
* Audio (Brazil):(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

#### Noun

era f (plural eras)
* era (time period of indeterminate length, generally more than one year)
    Synonym: época
* (archaeology) age (period of human prehistory)
    Synonym: idade
* (geology) era (unit of time, smaller than aeons and greater than periods)

##### Derived terms

* era antropozóica
* era cenozóica
* era cristã
* era da pedra
* era da pedra lascada
* era da pedra polida
* era digital
* era do bronze
* era do ferro
* era mesozóica
* era paleozóica
* era proterozóica

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

era
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

## Rapa Nui
### Etymology

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *e-la. Cognates include Tuamotuan era and Maori ērā.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈe.ɾa/
* Hyphenation: e‧ra

### Determiner

era
* that
    Te vaka era. ― That canoe.

#### See also

$^{1)}$ emphatic   $^{2)}$ rare

### References

* Veronica Du Feu (1996) Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 145
* Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎, Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 194

## Romanian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jeˈra]

#### Verb

era
* third-person singular imperfect indicative of fi: he/she was (being)
    el era pierdut
       he was lost
    el era sarcastic
       he was being sarcastic

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈera]

#### Noun

era f
* definite nominative/accusative singular of eră

## Rwanda-Rundi
### Verb

-êra (infinitive kwêra, perfective -êze)
* be white
* be pure, be innocent
* be holy
* be ripe

#### Derived terms

* icyumweru / icumweru (“week”)
* umwera (“white person”)
* umweru (“something white”)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ěːra/
* Hyphenation: e‧ra

### Noun

éra f (Cyrillic spelling е́ра)
* era

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeɾa/ [ˈe.ɾa]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɾa
* Syllabification: e‧ra

### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

era
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

#### See also

* estaba

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

#### Noun

era f (plural eras)
* era, age
    la Nueva Era ― New Age
* (geology) era

##### Derived terms

* era común
* era cristiana
* era de César
* era de Cristo

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin ārea. Compare the borrowed doublet área.

#### Noun

era f (plural eras)
* threshing floor
* tipple

### Further reading

* “era”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eːra/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: e‧ra

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse yðr, yðar, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz.

#### Alternative forms

* edra (archaic)

#### Pronoun

era (singular form er)
* your, yours (multiple owners of more than one object)
* you (only in this use:)
    Era jävla idioter!You bloody idiots!
    Era små fan!You little bastards!

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Latin aera.

#### Noun

era c
* era

##### Declension
### Anagrams

* -are, rea

## Tause
### Noun

era
* water

### See also

* ira (Weirate and Deirate dialects)

### References

* Duane A. Clouse, 1997, Toward a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya, In Karl J. Franklin (ed.), Papers in Papuan linguistics No. 2, 133-236. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, page 172