# طوپراق
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* طپراق (toprak)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak (“earth, soil”); cognate with Azerbaijani torpaq, Bashkir тупраҡ (tupraq), Chuvash тӑпра (tăpra), Kazakh топырақ (topyraq), Kyrgyz топурак (topurak), Turkmen toprak, Uyghur تۇپراق (tupraq) and Uzbek: tuproq.

### Noun

طوپراق • (toprak) (definite accusative طوپراغی (toprağı), plural طوپراقلر (topraklar))
* earth, soil, ground, a mixture of mineral particles and organic material, used to support plant growth
    Synonyms: ارض (arz), تراب (türâb), زمین (zemin)
* land, terrain, a partitioned and measurable area which is owned and on which buildings can be built
    Synonyms: اراضی (arazi), قاره (kara)
* country, region, territory, district, land, tract, a geographical area of considerable but indefinite extent
    Synonyms: ارض (arz), اولكا (ülke), ایل (il), تراب (türâb)
* potter's clay, a plastic clay that does not contain iron, suitable for making earthenware and stoneware

### Adjective

طوپراق • (toprak)
* earthen, made of earth or mud, or made of clay, especially said of pottery

#### Derived terms

* بابالر طوپراغی (babalar topraği, “ancestral land”)
* جیویق طوپراق (cıvık toprak, “clayey earth”)
* خام طوپراق (ham toprak, “virgin land”)
* طوپراق آلمق (toprak almak, “to conquer territory”)
* طوپراق ابریق (toprak ıbrık, “earthen waterpot”)
* طوپراق ایشی (toprak işi, “earthenwork”)
* طوپراق باتمق (toprak batmak, “to sink into the earth”)
* طوپراق بویا (toprak boya, “earth used as a pigment”)
* طوپراق تنجره (toprak tencere, “earthen pot”)
* طوپراق رنكی (toprak rengi, “earth-color”)
* طوپراق صاحبی (toprak sâhibi, “landowner”)
* طوپراق صوقاق (toprak sokak, “unpaved street”)
* طوپراق قلعه (toprak kalʼe, “Toprakkale, a district of Turkey”)
* طوپراق كیرمك (toprak girmek, “to enter a territory”)
* طوپراقلامق (topraklamak, “to mix or cover with earth”)
* طوپراقلانمق (topraklanmak, “to become mixed with earth”)
* طوپراقلو (topraklı, “mixed or covered with earth”)
* قره طوپراق (kara toprak, “tomb”, literally “black earth”)
* قوتلو طوپراق (kutlu toprak, “strong earth”)
* قورو طوپراق (kuru toprak, “bare earth”)
* لكه طوپراغی (leke toprağı, “fuller's earth”)
* لوله‌جی طوپراغی (lüleci toprağı, “piper's earth”)
* یاصدق طوپراغی (yasdık toprağı, “fine earth for a seedbed”)
* یاغلو طوپراق (yağlı toprak, “fertile soil”)
* یشیل طوپراق (yeşil toprak, “green earth”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: toprak

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “طوپراق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 300
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “toprak”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4872
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “طوپراق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 315b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طوپراق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 811
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Solum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1570
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “طوپراق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3135
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “toprak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طوپراق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1249