# dot
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) enPR: dŏt, IPA: /dɒt/
* (US) enPR: dät, IPA: /dɑt/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /dɔt/
** Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒt

### Etymology 1

From Middle English *dot, dotte, from Old English dott (“a dot, point”), from Proto-West Germanic *dott, from Proto-Germanic *duttaz (“wisp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Dot, Dotte (“a clump”), Dutch dot (“lump, knot, clod”), Low German Dutte (“a plug”), dialectal Swedish dott (“a little heap, bunch, clump”).

#### Noun

dot (plural dots)
* A small, round spot.
    Synonyms: speck, spot
    Hyponyms: pindot, pinprick
    a dot of colour
** 1845, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “Morte d’Arthur”, in Poems‎, lines 269–272:Long stood Sir Bedivere / Revolving many memories, till the hull / Look’d one black dot against the verge of dawn / And on the mere the wailing died away.
** 1914, Rowland R. Gibson, Forces Mining and Undermining China‎, 2nd edition, London: Andrew Melrose, →OCLC, →OL, page v:THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO A VERY SMALL DOT IN A VERY BIG UNIVERSE
* (grammar) A punctuation mark used to indicate the end of a sentence or an abbreviated part of a word; a full stop; a period.
    Synonyms: (British) full stop, (US) period, point
* A point used as a diacritical mark above or below various letters of the Latin script, as in Ȧ, Ạ, Ḅ, Ḃ, Ċ.
    Hyponym: (over the letters i and j) tittle
* (mathematics) A symbol used for separating the fractional part of a decimal number from the whole part, for indicating multiplication or a scalar product, or for various other purposes.
    Synonym: decimal point
* One of the two symbols used in Morse code.
    Synonym: dit
** 1838, William Hamilton, “Report on Prof. Morse’s Electro-Magnetic Telegraph”, in Journal of the Franklin Institute‎:The alphabetical signals are made up of combinations of dots and of lines of different lengths.
* (obsolete) A lump or clot.
    Synonym: blob
* Anything small and like a speck comparatively; a small portion or specimen.
    Synonyms: (amount) dab, ounce, (thing) dicky-bird, itsy-bitsy, minuity; see also Thesaurus:modicum
    a dot of a child
* (cricket, informal) A dot ball.
** 2019 July 14, Stephan Shemilt, “England win Cricket World Cup: Ben Stokes stars in dramatic finale against New Zealand”, in BBC Sport‎, London:That left 15 needed from Boult's final set. Two dots were followed by a heave over deep mid-wicket, then came the outrageous moment of fortune.
* (MLE) buckshot, projectile from a "dotty" or shotgun
    Synonym: shotty
** 2018, “Rolling Round”, HL8 and SimpzBeatz (music), performed by Sparko of OMH:Can’t miss no dots Every shot let caused I’m hittin Used to bag it up in the toilet My mumsie thought I was shittin
* (MLE) Clipping of dotty (“shotgun”).
    Synonyms: bruckback, broom, scattergun, shotty
** 2018 September 9, “Hide N Seek”, in C1 (lyrics), Tulse Hill Slums‎, from 1:06–1:09:We got rambos, glocks and dots, It takes two armed jakes to sum off the block
* (MLE, slang, rare) confinement facility
    Synonyms: slammer, can, bin; see also Thesaurus:prison
** 2024 March 17, “Scummy” (0:31 from the start), Trizz #Birmingham (lyrics):The feds want me in the dot I got luck for selling them drugs But when I come out I’m still building a spot

##### Hyponyms

* centered dot
* centred dot
* glue dot
* middle dot
* polka dot
* space dot

##### Derived terms

* antidot
* biodot
* chroma dot
* connect the dots
* day dot
* dot and carry
* dot-and-go-one
* dot blot
* dot-bomb
* dot bomb
* dot-carnage
* dotcom
* dot-com
* dot com
* dot-coma
* dot-com boom
* dot-com bubble
* dot-comer
* dot-commer
* dot-commiserate
* dot crawl
* dot dot dot
* dot dot slash
* dotfile
* dothead
* dot Indian
* dotless
* dotlet
* dotlike
* dot-matrix
* dot matrix
* dot matrix printer
* dotmocracy
* dot or feather
* dot painting
* dotplot
* dot point
* dot product
* dot release
* dots and boxes
* dots per inch
* dottel
* dotter
* dottle
* dot to dot
* dotty
* fruit dot
* immunodot
* ink dot
* inkdot
* ink-dot
* interdot
* intradot
* jazz dot
* join the dots
* microdot
* mid-dot
* middot
* mil-dot
* multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
* nanodot
* off one's dot
* on the dot
* overdot
* pale blue dot
* pindot
* poke-a-dot
* poke a dot
* polka-dot
* polka-dot plant
* pseudodot
* quantum dot
* Red Dot
* rock dots
* sesame dot
* suspension dots
* Swiss dot
* the year dot
* to the dot
* underdot
* white dot syndrome

##### Translations
#### Verb

dot (third-person singular simple present dots, present participle dotting, simple past and past participle dotted)
* (transitive) To cover with small spots (of some liquid).
    His jacket was dotted with splashes of paint.
** 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 171:Nurse Cramer had a cute nose and a radiant, blooming complexion dotted with fetching sprays of adorable freckles that Yossarian detested.
** 1988, Bernard Wolf, In the Year of the Tiger‎, 1st edition, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 20, column 1:Yang Shuo county, in the middle of the Guangxi Autonomous Region, is an area dotted by hundreds of little villages, all looking much alike.
* (transitive) To add a dot (the symbol) or dots to.
    Dot your is and cross your ts.
* To mark by means of dots or small spots.
    to dot a line
* To mark or diversify with small detached objects.
    to dot a landscape with cottages
** 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 151:The switchback road to Diabaig - pronounced 'Jer-vague' - passes through some of the most exhilarating scenery in Scotland. […] With a final swoop, the road plummets down into Diabaig, where cottages are dotted across the slopes of a rocky semi-circle.
** 2023 April 14, Rosyln Sulcas, “Review: Grief and Mourning, Delivered With Ecstatic Vitality”, in The New York Times‎:Wooden crosses, some drunkenly askew, dot a darkened stage at the start of Vuyani Dance Theater’s “Cion: Requiem of Ravel’s Bolero.” There is silence, then the sound of weeping, which escalates to heart-rending, gasping sobs.
* (colloquial) To punch (a person).
** 2016, Kerry Greenwood, Murder and Mendelssohn, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 332:`Which means,' said John, `that someone dotted him a good one, shoved him into the bathtub, ran the water, then opened his mouth and poured champagne into it until he drowned.'

##### Synonyms

* stipple

##### Derived terms

* cross the t's and dot the i's
* dot down
* dot the i's and cross the t's

##### Translations
#### Preposition

dot
* Dot product of the previous vector and the following vector.
    The work is equal to F dot Δx.

##### Coordinate terms

* cross

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From French dot.

#### Alternative forms

* dote

#### Noun

dot (plural dots)
* (US, Louisiana) A dowry.
** 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 53”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:"Have you the pictures still?" I asked. "Yes; I am keeping them till my daughter is of marriageable age, and then I shall sell them. They will be her dot."
** 1927, Anna Bowman Dodd, Talleyrand: the Training of a Statesman:As a bride, Madame de Talleyrand had brought a small dot of fifteen thousand francs to the family fund.

##### Related terms

* dotal
* dotation

### Anagrams

* tod, Tod, T.o.D., DTO, OTD, ODT, T. O. D., T. o. D., T.O.D., ToD, TOD

## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *dhētim, accusative of Proto-Indo-European *dhē (“to put”). Alternatively it might represent a univerbation of do +‎ të; Gustav Meyer opines for a Latin provenance, from in toto.

### Particle

dot
* Expresses impossibility, thus it corresponds to "Can't" in negative sentences and "can" in interrogative ones.
    Nuk e bëj dot.I can't do it.
    A vjen dot?Can you come?

#### Related terms

* do
* të

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈdɔt]
* Rhymes: -ɔt

### Etymology 1

From Latin dōte.

#### Noun

dot m (plural dots)
* dowry
* gift, talent
    Synonym: do

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old French hadot. Cognate with English haddock.

#### Noun

dot m (plural dots)
* Atlantic wreckfish (Polyprion americanus)
    Synonyms: rascàs, pàmpol rascàs, gerna, famfre

### Further reading

* “dot” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Champenois
### Alternative forms

* (Rémois) doil, doilleute

### Etymology

Inherited from Old French doit, from Latin digitus.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /do/

### Noun

dot m (plural dots)
* (Troyen, Langrois) finger

### References

* Daunay, Jean (1998) Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)‎ (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes
* Baudoin, Alphonse (1885) Glossaire de la forêt de Clairvaux‎ (in French), Troyes

## Dutch
### Etymology

A secondary form of dodde (“long, soft raceme, as of a cattail plant”), a word of uncertain but perhaps gibberish origin related to German Dutte, düttenkolb (“bulrush”), themselves linked to words like Zitze, Titte.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: dot
* Rhymes: -ɔt

### Noun

dot m or f (plural dotten, diminutive dotje n)
* a tuft, a bunch, a clump
* (informal) a lot, a large amount
    een dot geld - a lot of money
* cutie, something small and adorable
* darling, sweetie (almost always used in its diminutive form - dotje)
* a swab

#### Synonyms

* (cutie): kleintje
* (darling): schatje, liefje

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French dot (16th c.), a borrowing from Latin dos. Doublet of dose.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔt
* Homophones: dote, dotent, dotes, dots

### Noun

dot f (plural dots)
* dowry, marriage portion

#### Derived terms

* coureur de dot

#### Related terms

* doter

### Further reading

* “dot”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* dod

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ˠɔt̪ˠ/

### Contraction

dot (triggers lenition)
* (Munster) Contraction of do do (“to your sg, for your sg”).
    An bhfuilir dílis dot chéile?Are you faithful to your spouse?

#### Related terms

| Basic form | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Copular forms | Copular forms | Copular forms |
| Basic form | an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) |
| de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh |
| i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inar | inarb | inarbh |
| le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh |
| ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh |
| trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh |
| *Dialectal. |||||||||||

## Klamath-Modoc
### Alternative forms

* tút (Gatschet)

### Noun

dot
* tooth

### References

* Barker, M. A. R. (1963). Klamath Dictionary. University of California Publications in Linguistics 31. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.
* Gatschet, Samuel S. (1890). The Klamath Indians of southwestern Oregon. Volume II, Part II. United States Government Printing Office.

## Latvian
### Etymology

From earlier *duoti, *duotie, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti (“to give”). The present tense forms are new formations, replacing the old athematic forms (still attested in dialectal forms like domu (“I give”) instead of dodu). The past tense forms are from earlier *davu (cf. Lithuanian daviaũ); the e was extended from the past active participle form devis (< *devens < *de-d-wens).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [duɔ̯t]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

dot (transitive, no conjugation, present dodu, dod, dod, past devu)
* to give (to hand to someone, so that s/he can have it)
    dot lakatu mātei ― to give a scarf to (one's) mother
    dot ziedus ― to give flowers
    dot draugam grāmatu izlasīt ― to give a friend a book to read
    dot atslēgas ― to give the keys
    dot kasierei naudu ― to give money to the cashier
    dot bērnam maizes šķēli ― to give a child a slice of bread
    dot govīm sienu ― to give hay to the cows
    dot sienu ― to give hay (to throw it with a fork)
    dot mēslojumu ― to give fertilizer, to fertilize (land, soil)
    dot ēst ― to give food (lit. to give to eat)
    dot bērnam krūti ― to give (one's) breast to a child (= to nurse, breastfeed a child)
    dot roku ― to give (one's) hand (= to wave, to greet someone, to shake hands, to hold hands)
    dot maizi ― to give bread; to provide food (e.g., in old age)
    bet kas tad tev vecumā dos maizi? ― but who will give you bread (= provide you with food) in (your) old age?
* to give, to provide (to allow the use of a material object, to free a place for someone else's use)
    dot autobusu ekskursijai ― to give a bus to the excursion
    dot naktsmājas tūristiem ― to provide accommodation for tourists
    dot asinis, kaula smadzenes ― to give (= donate) blood, bone marrow
    dot trolejbusā vietu vecākiem pasažieriem ― to give one's place on the trolley to older passengers
    kā es vēlāk uzzināju, mājas pagaidām dod tikai ģimenēm ― as I later found out, for the time being they are giving houses only to families
* (colloquial) to give in marriage
    krievi, krievi, leiši, leiši... visi man draugi, radi; krievam devu savu māsiņu, pats es ņēmu leišu meitu ― Russians, Russians, Lithuanians, Lithuanians... all friends, relatives to me; to a Russian I gave my little sister, (and) I myself took a Lithuanian girl (as wife)
* (colloquial) to allow (e.g., a son or daughter) to work, to be employed
    dot dēlu par ganu ― to give a son as a shepherd (= to allow a son to work as a shepherd)
* to give, to grant, to procure, to secure (a state, circumstances)
    dot darbu ― to give work
    dot atvaļinājumu ― to give a holiday
    dot patstāvību, brīvību ― to give autonomy, freedom
    dot priekšroku ― to give (one's) preference (to...)
    dot iespēju ― to give the opportunity, the possibility (of...)
    man bija dots mēness, lai atpūstos pēc ziemas darbiem ― a month was given to me, so that I would rest after winter's work
* to give, to dedicate, to donate, to provide (at birth)
    tev, meistar, dodam mīlestību savu ― to you, master, we give our love
    arī tas taisnums māksla, to iemācīties nevarēja, tas cilvēkam vai nu dots no paša sākuma, vai palika visu mūžu nesasniegts ― also that straightness (is) art, one can't learn it, either it is given from the very beginning (= from birth), or it remains unobtained (for one's) whole life
* (dated sense) to allow, to permit
    stāstu mātei, ka Dāvis man dod braukt patstāvīgi ― I tell (my) mother that Dāvis gave (= allowed) me to drive by myself
* to give (to express orally or in writing)
    dot rīkojumu ― to give instructions, orders
    dot pavēli ― to give a command, an order
    dot norādījumus ― to give instructions
    dot atļauju ― to give permission
    dot solījumu ― to make (lit. give) a promise
    dot zvērestu ― to take (lit. give) an oath
    dot ieteikumu ― to give a recommendation
    dot parakstu ― to give (one's) signature (= to sign)
    dot liecību ― to bear, give testimony
    dot norēķinu ― to give a report (of one's actions)
    dot vārdu, nosaukumu ― to give a name, a denomination
    dot ziņu ― to give knowledge of (= to report; to announce)
* to give (to add to a text)
    dot vārdnīcai stilistiskās norādes ― to give a dictionary stylistic references
    piezīmes dotas parindēs ― comments (are) given in parentheses
* (mathematics, usually in the past passive participle form dots) to be given, to be known from the start
    dotais lielums ― given quantity
    uzdevums bija kvadrāta un taisnstūra laukuma aprēķināšana, ja dots perimetrs ― the task was the calculation of the square and rectangular area, if the perimeter is given
    kopu uzskata par dotu, ja ir dots pilns tās elementu saraksts ― a set is considered to be given if a full list of its elements is given
* (of physical or mental states) to give (to create, to inspire, to generate)
    dot drosmi cīņā ― to give courage in (= to) fight
    dot možumu ― to give liveliness
    dot prieku ― to give joy, pleasure
    dot mieru ― to give peace (of mind)
    dot iemeslu ― to give (= create, be) a reason
    cerība viņus sildīja un deva jaunus spēkus cīņai par savu dzīvību ― hope warmed them and gave (them) new strength for the fight for their lives
    neesmu taču ne mazāko iemeslu devis, kas tai būtu varējis modināt cerības ― I haven't given even the slightest reason to arouse expectations, hopes
* (of results, effects) to give, to provide, to be the cause (of something)
    eksperiments dod gaidītos resultātus ― the experiment is giving the expected results
    pētījums dod jaunas atziņas ― the study gives new insights
    dot ēnu, paēnu ― to give (= create) shade, a shadow (e.g., a tree)
    ko tas (mums) dod? ― what does this give (us)? (= what good is there in it for us?)
* (of material objects, values; also of spiritual or cultural values) to give, to produce, to create
    dot produkciju virs plāna ― to give production (= to produce) above the plan
    govs dod daudz piena ― (this) cow gives a lot of milk
    jaunā aitu šķirne dod augstvērtīgu vilnu ― the new breed of sheep gives high-quality wool
    augļu koki pēc dziļām ziemām dažkārt dod bagātīgas augļu ražas ― fruit trees after deep winters sometimes give abundant fruit harvests
    elektriskais motors dos baltu, spodru gaismu ― the electric motor will give white, bright light
    pēdējā laikā gleznotājs devis vairākas vērtīgas gleznas ― in recent times, (this) painter has given (= produced) many valuable paintings
    visvairāk latviešu literārā valodā iesakņojušos jaunvārdu devuši J. Alunāns, Kronvaldu Atis, Rainis un A. Upīts ― most of the new words that struck root in the Latvian literary languages (were) given (by) J. Alunāns, Kronvaldu Atis, Rainis and A. Upīts
* (colloquial) to give, to pay
    jauna mašīna maksā četrus tūkstošus, jūsēja ir pietiekami nobraukta, lai par to nedotu pat pusotra ― a new car costs four thousand, (but) yours is quite traveled, so that (one) wouldn't give one and a half thousand (= fifteen hundred)
* (colloquial, a person's age, by sight) to give, to estimate as
    Mare vēl bija izskatīga sieva, četrdesmit sešus viņai gandrīz nevarēja dot ― Mare was still a handsome woman, you almost couldn't give her forty-six (years of age)
* (colloquial) to hit
    dot pa ādu ― to give on the skin (= to beat, to flog, to thrash)
    tevi kāds sit, dod pretī, neļaujies apvainot! ― (if) someone hits you, give (= hit) back, don't let (him) offend you!
    viņš deva ar cirvi lācim pa pauri, lācis beigts ― he gave (hit) the bear on the top of the head with an axe, the bear (is now) finished (= dead)
    es šim vīram devu vienu pliķi ― I gave this man a slap (= I slapped his face)
* (colloquial) to shoot, to give a shot
    nedomā kustēt! ja bēgsi, no abiem stobriem tev došu stilbos ― don't (even) think about moving! if you run, from both barrels I will give (= shoot) (you) in the leg

#### Derived terms

    prefixed verbs:
* aizdot
* apdot
* atdot
* iedot
* izdot
* nodot
* padot
* pārdot
* piedot
* sadot
* uzdot
    other derived terms:
* devējs
* devums
* doties

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “dot”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doːt/

### Verb

dot
* inflection of doen:
** second-person plural present indicative
** second-person plural imperative

## Malay
### Noun

dot (plural dot-dot, informal 1st possessive dotku, 2nd possessive dotmu, 3rd possessive dotnya)
* nipple, teat

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *dúgdā (“daughter”). Cognate with Persian دختر (doxtar), دخت (doxt), Pashto لور (lur).

### Noun

dot f
* daughter

#### Related terms

* dotmam
* keç
* pis

## Northern Sami
### Etymology

From Proto-Samic *totë.

### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈtoːh(t)/

### Determiner

dōt
* yonder, that way over there (very far from speaker and listener)

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *daud.

### Adjective

dōt
* dead

#### Derived terms

* dōdo

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: dôot
** Dutch: dood
*** Afrikaans: dood
*** Berbice Creole Dutch: doto
*** Petjo: doot
** Limburgish: doead

#### Further reading

* “dōt”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

From Rhine Franconian dot, from a Central German variant of Middle High German tōt, from Old High German tōt, from Proto-West Germanic *daud, from Proto-Germanic *daudaz. Compare German tot, Dutch dood, English dead, Swedish död, Icelandic dauður.

### Adjective

dot
* dead

## Volapük
### Noun

dot (nominative plural dots)
* doubt

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English dot.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔt/

### Noun

dot m (plural dotiau)
* dot

#### Derived terms

* dotio (“to dot”)
* dotiog (“dotted”)
* i dot (“(the letter) i”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dot”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies