# 天堂
## Chinese
### Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit देवसभा (devasabhā, “hall of the gods”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tiāntáng
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄊㄤˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тянтон (ti͡anton, I-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tin$^1$ tong$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hen$^1$ hong$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thiên-thòng
    (Hailu, HRS): tien$^ˋ$ tong
* Eastern Min (BUC): tiĕng-dòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): teng$^1$ dorng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thian-tông / thiⁿ-tn̂g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tin$^1$ deng$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$thi-daon$_6$ / $^1$thie-daon$_2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiāntáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄊㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiantáng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^1$-tʻang$^2$
*** Yale: tyān-táng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiantarng
*** Palladius: тяньтан (tjanʹtan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тянтон (ti͡anton, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiæ̃²⁴ tʰɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tin$^1$ tong$^4$
*** Yale: tīn tòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tin$^1$ tong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tin$^1$ tong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hen$^1$ hong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hen³³ hɔŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-thòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien$^ˊ$ tong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tian$^1$ tong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ tʰoŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien$^ˋ$ tong
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰien⁵³ tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tiĕng-dòng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰieŋ⁵⁵ $^{(t-)}$nouŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: teng$^1$ dorng$^2$ [Phonetic: teng$^5$ dorng$^2$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: teng-dó̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ tɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-tông
*** Tâi-lô: thian-tông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tiendoong
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ tɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-tn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: thinn-tn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tvi'dngg
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³ tŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tin$^1$ deng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiⁿ tṳ̂ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰĩ³³⁻²³ tɯŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$thi-daon$_6$
*** MiniDict: thi$^平$ daon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$thi-daan$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰi⁵⁵ dɑ̃²¹/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^1$thie-daon$_2$
*** MiniDict: thie$^平$ daon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /tʰie⁴⁴ dɑ̃³¹/

### Noun

天堂
* (religion) heaven
* (figurative) paradise
** File:Gyirong welcome.JPG
       huānyíng nín dào rénjiāntiāntáng Jílónggōu [Pinyin]
       Welcome to Gyirong Valley, a Heaven on Earth

#### Antonyms

* 地獄／地狱 (dìyù)

#### Derived terms

* 上有天堂，下有蘇杭 / 上有天堂，下有苏杭 (shàng yǒu tiāntáng, xià yǒu Sūháng)
* 人間天堂 / 人间天堂
* 任天堂 (Rèntiāntáng)
* 天堂鳥 / 天堂鸟 (tiāntángniǎo)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 天堂(てんどう) (tendō)
* → Korean: 천당(天堂) (cheondang)
* → Vietnamese: thiên đường (天堂)

### Proper noun

天堂
* (～鎮) Tiantang (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 天 | 堂 |
| てん Grade: 1 | どう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てんどー [téꜜǹdòò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [tẽ̞ndo̞ː]

### Noun

天(てん)堂(どう) • (tendō)
* heaven

#### See also

* 天国(てんごく) (tengoku)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 天 | 堂 |

### Noun

天堂 • (cheondang) (hangeul 천당)
* hanja form of 천당 (“heaven”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 天 | 堂 |

### Noun

天堂
* chữ Hán form of thiên đường (“heaven”).