# cara
## Aragonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin cara, from Ancient Greek κάρα (kára).

### Noun

cara f (plural caras)
* (anatomy) face

### References

* Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “cara”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin cara, from Ancient Greek κάρα (kára, “head, face”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaɾa/ [ˈka.ɾa]

### Noun

cara f (plural cares)
* (anatomy) face
    Synonym: rostru

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈka.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈka.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -aɾa

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Latin or Vulgar Latin cara, from Ancient Greek κάρα (kára, “head, face”).

#### Noun

cara f (plural cares)
* face (front part of the head)
* face (public image)
* heads (side of a coin)
* face, surface

##### Derived terms

* acarar
* amb cara i ulls
* cara a cara
* caraplè
* encarar

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

cara
* feminine singular of car

### Further reading

* “cara” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Crimean Tatar
### Noun

cara
* wound

#### Derived terms

* carağa tuz basmaq (“rub salt in the wound”)
* carasın teşmek (“scratch one's wound”)

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.ʁa/
* Homophones: caras, carât

### Verb

cara
* third-person singular past historic of carer

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaɾa/ [ˈkɑ.ɾɐ]
* Rhymes: -aɾa
* Hyphenation: ca‧ra

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese cara, from Late Latin or Vulgar Latin cara, from Ancient Greek κάρα (kára, “head, face”).

#### Noun

cara f (plural caras)
* face (of a person or animal)
    Synonym: rostro
* expression; gesture
** 2016, Malandrómeda, Encontro con !@#$%!! [song]:
    Os anos que botei soñando con este momento Funche compoñendo un discurso co tempo. Na cabeza creaba imaxes claras Dos teus ollos, escoitándome, e das túas carasThe years I passed dreaming with this moment I composed a discourse along the time. Inside my head I was making a clear image of your eyes, while you was listening to me, and of your gestures
    Synonyms: aceno, xesto
* surface (face of a polyhedron)

##### Derived terms

* acarear
* carexar

#### Preposition

cara
* to
    Synonym: para

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

cara
* feminine singular of caro

### Further reading

* “cara”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cara”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cara”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cara”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cara”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cara”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* acara (archaic)
* tjara (1947–1972)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃa.ra/
* Hyphenation: ca‧ra
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ra, -a

### Etymology 1

From Malay cara, from Classical Malay cara.
* From Javanese ꦕꦫ (cara, “manner, way, custom, style, language”), from Old Javanese cara, cāra, ācāra (“behaviour, conduct”), from Sanskrit आचार (ācāra, “behaviour, good conduct; usage; custom; rule”), from Sanskrit चर् (car, “to move, to practice”). Doublet of acara, acaram, and ajar.
* Alternatively, from Persian چاره (čâra, “remedy; help; business; scheme; means, manner, mode”).

#### Noun

cara (plural cara-cara)
* way
* manner

##### Derived terms

* secara
* cara aksi
* cara angkat
* cara artikulasi
* cara deret standar
* cara injeksi
* cara kematian
* cara kerja
* cara lipat-delapan
* cara moral
* cara pasang Abney
* cara pasang Alt-Azimut
* cara pasang antigetar
* cara pasang Eagle
* cara pasang Newton
* cara pasang Paschen
* cara penanganan
* cara pengambilan sampel daun
* cara penggunaan
* cara penyajian
* cara penyampaian
* cara produksi
* cara produksi Asia
* cara produksi baik
* cara sambar
* cara selisih
* cara suntik
* cara waktu

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ambonese Malay [Term?]

#### Noun

cara (plural cara-cara)
* (cooking) a typical Ambon snack, made from a mixture of wheat flour, eggs, milk, butter, salt, sugar and liquid coconut milk, which is put into a special mold with a filling of sliced ​​skipjack tuna and sauteed spices, topped with sliced ​​red chilies, then baked [from 21th c.]

### Further reading

* “cara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* caraid (Connacht, Ulster)

### Etymology

From Middle Irish cara (“friend, relation”) (compare Scottish Gaelic caraid, Manx carrey), from Old Irish carae (“friend, relation”), from Proto-Celtic *karants (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros (“dear”) (compare Latin cārus, English charity, whore).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑɾˠə/, /ˈkaɾˠə/

### Noun

cara m (genitive singular carad, nominative plural cairde)
* friend

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
cara
cairde
vocative
a chara
a chairde
genitive
carad
cairde
dative
cara caraid (archaic, dialectal)
cairde
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an cara
na cairde
genitive
an charad
na gcairde
dative
leis an gcara leis an gcaraid (archaic, dialectal) don chara don charaid (archaic, dialectal)
leis na cairde :
* Alternative genitive plural: carad (in certain phrases, otherwise archaic)

#### Derived terms

* anamchara
* banchara
* cairdeach
* cairdiúil
* cara as Críost
* cara cnis
* neaschara

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cara”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 36, page 20
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 147
* ↑ Ó Máille, T. S. (1974) Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word List from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press, →ISBN, page 36
* ↑ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 23, page 31
* ↑ Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947) The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 264, page 54

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cara”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cara”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 117
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “cara”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “cara”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.ra/
* Rhymes: -ara
* Hyphenation: cà‧ra

### Adjective

cara
* feminine singular of caro

### Noun

cara f (plural care)
* female equivalent of caro

### Anagrams

* -arca, Arca, arac, arca

## Javanese
### Romanization

cara
* Romanization of ꦕꦫ

## Latin
### Etymology 1

Inflected form of cārus (“beloved”).

#### Adjective

cāra
* inflection of cārus:
** feminine nominative/vocative singular
** neuter nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

#### Adjective

cārā
* ablative feminine singular of cārus

### Etymology 2

Apparently borrowed from Ancient Greek κάρᾱ (kárā, “head, face”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-(e)s-n-, from the root *ḱerh₂- (“top, head, horn”). Cognate to Latin cornū, corvus, crabrō, cerebrum and cernuus.
Attested tenuously in a single late Latin glossary, where it is given as Greek, and then in medieval Latin documents from Spain. Appears in Romance languages with the meaning “face, facial features” (corresponding to Latin vultus).

#### Noun

cara f (genitive carae); first declension
* (Late Latin, rare, glosses, Medieval Latin, uncertain) the head
    Synonym: caput
** Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum, 4 587.8, (etymologising on Virgil's Georgics III, 269):'Gargara' quasi cara, caros, idest 'caput, capitis'(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** Antidotarium Bambergense, 19 :dente […] dolentibus et carā satis antidotī adpositum prōdest(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

##### Descendants

* North Italian:
** Old Ligurian: cera
*** → Gallurese: cera
*** Ligurian: cêa
*** → Sassarese: cera
** Piedmontese: cera
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: chiere
*** French: chère
*** → Middle English: chere
**** English: cheer
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Aragonese: cara
** Catalan: cara
*** → Sardinian: cara
** Occitan: cara ⇒ caratge (merger with visatge)
    Nord-Occitan: chara
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Leonese: cara
*** Asturian: cara
*** Extremaduran: cara
*** Leonese: cara
*** Mirandese: cara
** Old Galician-Portuguese: cara
*** Fala: cara
*** Galician: cara
*** Portuguese: cara
** Old Spanish: cara
*** Spanish: cara

##### See also

* aspectus
* faciēs
* frōns
* ōs
* testa
* vultus

### Further reading

* “cara” in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
* “cara”, in Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch, digitalized in Wörterbuchnetz des Trier Center for Digital Humanities, Version 01/21, 2021 June 2 (last accessed)
* cara in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Johannes Niehoff-Panagiotidis (1994) Koine und Diglossie (in German), Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 493

## Latvian
### Noun

cara m
* genitive singular of cars

## Malay
### Etymology

From Sanskrit आचार (ācāra, “behaviour, good conduct; usage; custom; rule”), from Sanskrit चर् (car, “to move, to practice”).
Alternatively, from Persian چاره (čâra, “remedy; help; business; scheme; means, manner, mode”).

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃa.rə/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃa.ra/
* Rhymes: -ara, -ra, -a

### Noun

cara (Jawi spelling چارا, plural cara-cara, informal 1st possessive caraku, 2nd possessive caramu, 3rd possessive caranya)
* manner, means, method
* style, fashion

#### Descendants

* > Indonesian: cara (inherited)
* > Peranakan Indonesian: tjara (inherited)

### Further reading

* “cara” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Middle Irish
### Alternative forms

* carait

### Etymology

From Old Irish carae, from Proto-Celtic *karants (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros (“dear”) (compare Latin cārus, English charity, whore).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkarə/

### Noun

cara
* friend
    coscc carat ― a friend's advice
* relative

#### Declension

| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | cara, carait | carait, cairde |
| Vocative | cara, carait | cairde |
| Accusative | carait | cairdiu, cairde |
| Genitive | carat | carat, cairde |
| Dative | carait | cairdib |

#### Derived terms

* caratrad (“friendship, alliance”)

#### Descendants

* Irish: cara
* Scottish Gaelic: caraid
* Manx: carrey

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cara”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑ.rɑ/

### Verb

cara
* singular imperative of carian

## Old Javanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃa.ra/
* Rhymes: -ra
* Homophone: cāra
* Hyphenation: ca‧ra

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit चर (cara, “wandering, walking, moving”).

#### Noun

cara
* going
* walking

##### Derived terms

* cara-cara
* bhūmicara
* gaganacara
* khecara
* lĕbucara
* niśācara
* ākāśacara

##### Descendants

* >? Javanese: ꦕꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ (coro)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

cara
* Alternative spelling of cara, cāra, ācāra
* Alternative spelling of cara, pacara, upacara, upacāra
* Alternative spelling of caraṇa

### Further reading

* "cara" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Old Saxon
### Noun

cara f
* Alternative spelling of kara

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀘𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* चर (Devanagari script)
* চর (Bengali script)
* චර (Sinhalese script)
* စရ or ၸရ (Burmese script)
* จร or จะระ (Thai script)
* ᨧᩁ (Tai Tham script)
* ຈຣ or ຈະຣະ (Lao script)
* ចរ (Khmer script)
* 𑄌𑄢 (Chakma script)

### Noun

cara m
* act of walking about, act of frequenting
* one who walks about, one who frequents
* messenger, spy

#### Descendants

* → Thai: จร (jɔɔn, “to wander”)

### Verb

cara
* second-person singular imperative active of carati (“to walk”)

### References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “cara”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sa.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ara
* Syllabification: ca‧ra

### Noun

cara m pers
* genitive/accusative singular of car

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.ɾɐ/
* Rhymes: -aɾɐ
* Hyphenation: ca‧ra

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese cara, from Late Latin or Vulgar Latin cara, from Ancient Greek κάρα (kára, “head, face”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱrh₂esn.

#### Noun

cara f (plural caras)
* face
    Synonyms: face, rosto
* heads (side of coin)
    Synonym: anverso
    Antonym: coroa
    cara ou coroa ― head or tails
* (informal) resemblance, appearance (perceived characteristic of a person, object or situation)
    Synonym: pinta
    Ele tem cara de idiota. ― He looks like an idiot.

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:cara.

##### Derived terms

* cara a cara
* cara de lata
* cara de pau
* cara de um, focinho de outro
* cara ou coroa
* cara-metade
* descarar
* na cara dura

#### Noun

cara m (plural caras)
* (Brazil, informal) man, fellow, guy and any adult male
    Synonyms: bicho, camarada, cabra, tipo
** 2024 August 31, Jeniffer Gularte, Mariana Muniz, quoting Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, “Lula: Musk tem de respeitar decisão do STF”, in Diário do Pará, page B1:Esse país não é um país que tem uma sociedade com complexo de vira-lata, que o cara [Elon Musk] gritou e a gente fica com medo. Esse cara tem que aceitar as regras desse país.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Interjection

cara!
* (Brazil, informal) man!; dude!

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:cara.

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

cara
* feminine singular of caro (“expensive, dear”)

## Sardinian
### Etymology

From Spanish cara and/or Catalan cara, both from Late Latin cara, from Ancient Greek κάρα (kára).

### Noun

cara f (plural caras)
* face

### References

* Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “kára”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

## Sassarese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkara/

### Etymology 1

Likely from Spanish and/or Catalan cara, both from Late Latin cara, from Ancient Greek κάρᾱ (kárā), from Proto-Hellenic *kárahə, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱérh₂sō (“top of the head/skull”), derived from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn, top”).

#### Noun

cara f (plural cari) (rare)
* face
    Synonym: fàccia
** 1957, Salvator Ruju, “Li candaréri [The candlesticks]”, in Sassari véccia e nóba [Old and new Sassari]; republished as Caterina Ruju, editor, Sassari véccia e nóba, Nuoro: Ilisso edizioni, 2001, →ISBN, page 144:Ma la più bèdda còsa, li baggiani di cara bruna, d’ócci risurani.But the most beautiful thing, [is] the brown-faced young girls with smiling eyes.(literally, “But the most beautiful thing, [are] the young girls of brown face, of smiling eyes.”)
* countenance
    Synonyms: fàccia, chiza

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish cala, of unknown origin.

#### Alternative forms

* cala (Sedini)

#### Noun

cara f (plural cari)
* inlet, cove

### References

* Ugo Solinas (2016) Vocabolario sassarese-italiano fraseologico ed etimologico, volume 1, Sestu: Domus de Janas, →ISBN, page 318
* Giosue Muzzo (1981) Vocabolario del dialetto sassarese, Chiarella Editore, →ISBN; republished, Sassari: Carlo Delfino editore, 2018, page 55
* Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaɾa/ [ˈka.ɾa]
* Audio (Latin America):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɾa
* Syllabification: ca‧ra

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Latin or Vulgar Latin cara, from Ancient Greek κάρα (kára, “head, face”).

#### Noun

cara f (plural caras)
* (anatomy) face (the front part of the head)
    Synonyms: rostro, haz
* face (one's facial expression)
    Su cara lo decía todo.His face said everything.
* face (the frontal aspect of something)
    Synonyms: frente, fachada
* (colloquial) gall, nerve (impudence)
* (geometry) face (any of the flat bounding surfaces of a polyhedron)
* side (of paper, a card, a coin)
* heads (side of a coin)
    Synonym: anverso
    Antonyms: cruz, (Argentina) ceca

##### Derived terms

* a cara de perro
* a cara descubierta
* a cara o ceca
* a cara o cruz
* a cara o sello
* a la cara (“in the face; to the face”)
* a mal tiempo, buena cara
* cara a
* cara A
* cara a cara
* cara B
* cara con dos haces
* cara de acelga
* cara de aleluya
* cara de cemento
* cara de gualda
* cara de hereje
* cara de perro
* cara de pocos amigos
* cara de póquer
* cara de rallo
* cara de rosa
* cara de suela
* cara de vaqueta
* cara de viernes
* cara de vinagre
* cara dura
* cara larga
* cara o sello
* caradura
* cariacontecido
* carinegro
* carirredondo
* carita
* carota
* cruzar la cara
* dar la cara
* de cara a
* doble cara
* echar en cara
* echarse a la cara
* el santo de cara
* hacer a dos caras
* lavar la cara
* pintacaras
* plantar cara
* por la cara
* saltar a la cara
* salvar la cara
* tener más cara que espalda
* ver la cara
* verse las caras

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

cara
* feminine singular of caro

### Further reading

* “cara”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Venetan
### Adjective

cara
* feminine singular of caro

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* câr (literary, third-person singular present/future)
* caraf (first-person singular future)
* cariff (colloquial, third-person singular future)
* carith (colloquial, third-person singular future)

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈkara/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈkaːra/, /ˈkara/

### Verb

cara
* inflection of caru:
** first-person singular future colloquial
** third-person singular present indicative/future literary
** second-person singular imperative

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.