# rung
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ɹʌŋ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌŋ
* Homophones: rng, wrung

### Etymology 1

From Middle English rung, from Old English hrung, from Proto-West Germanic *hrungu, from Proto-Germanic *hrungō. Cognate with Dutch rong (“pole, stanchion”), German Runge (“stake, pole, stanchion”), Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰 (hrugga, “a staff”).

#### Noun

rung (plural rungs)
* A crosspiece forming a step of a ladder; a round.
* A crosspiece between legs of a chair.
** 1854, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Feathertop: a Moralized Legend”, in Mosses from an Old Manse:One of its arms was a disabled flail which used to be wielded by Goodman Rigby, before his spouse worried him out of this troublesome world; the other, if I mistake not, was composed of the pudding stick and a broken rung of a chair, tied loosely together at the elbow.
* (figurative) A position in a hierarchy.
    the lowest rung of the society
** 2023 June 15, Kat Moon, “Ashley Park’s Main Character Energy From ‘Joy Ride’ Is Here To Stay: ‘I’m Treating Myself Like A Lead Now’”, in Women's Health‎:“I’m very proud that I’ve worked on every rung of the ladder,” Ashley says. “When you go to college, you don’t want to be a senior right away—you want to be a freshman.”
* (nautical, dated) A floor timber in a ship.
* (dated) One of the stakes of a cart; a spar; a heavy staff.
* (engineering, dated) One of the radial handles projecting from the rim of a steering wheel.
* (engineering, dated) One of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel.

##### Descendants

* → Irish: runga

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

rung
* past participle of ring (only in senses related to a bell)
* (chiefly dialectal) simple past of ring
** 1723, Charles Walker, Memoirs of Sally Salisbury, section VI:With ecchoing Shouts the vaulted Chamber rung, / Belle Chuck was now the TOAST of ev'ry Tongue.
** 1906, South Carolina. General Assembly, Report of State Officers, Board and Committees to the General ...‎, page 229:Mr. Seibels, in his testimony, said I rung him up to see about labels. He is very much mistaken. I rung him up to see about bottles.
** 1996, Peter Golenbock, Wrigleyville: A Magical History Tour of the Chicago Cubs‎, page 435:So they rung him up, and the next day he came to me and wanted to know where that pitch was.
** 2008, Dean Kuipers, Burning Rainbow Farm: How a Stoner Utopia Went Up in Smoke‎, page 70:"I just rung him up, told him I was looking for an apartment and some work and got both of them the same day," Moe said.

#### Adjective

rung (not comparable)
* Of a pig: having a ring through the nose.
** 1842, American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine, volume 13, page 335:[…] he passed by his gate with a decided scowl on his furrowed brow, and grunting and growling like a newly rung pig.
** 1919, Popular Science, volume 95, number 4, page 31:A "rung" pig is comfortable as long as he confines his food hunt to the surface of the ground. Ringing a pig of ordinary size is easy, but special arrangements must be made for handling the big ones.

#### Usage notes

Rang and rung are incorrect for the past of ring in the sense of encircle, where ringed is used instead.
Rung as a simple past is usually considered incorrect.

### Further reading

* Rung in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

### Anagrams

* gurn

## Atong (India)
### Etymology

From (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Noun

rung
* logboat, dugout canoe

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

## Jingpho
### Etymology

Borrowed from Burmese ရုံး (rum:).

### Noun

rung
* office

### References

* Kurabe, Keita (2016 December 31) “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”, in Kyoto University Linguistic Research‎, volume 35, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 91–128

## Khasi
### Verb

rung
* to enter

#### Derived terms

* phrung
* pynrung

### References

* Singh, U Nissor (1906) Khasi-English dictionary‎, Shillong: Eastern Bengal and Assam Secretariat Press, page 176. Searchable online at SEAlang.net.

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʐʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ɹʊwŋ͡m˧˧]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Verb

rung • (㧤, 容, 慵, 搈, 𢫝, 𢲣, 𢴋, 𢹈)
* to put in motion; to shake; to agitate; to ring (bell)

#### Derived terms

* rung cảm
* rung lắc
* rung rinh (từ láy)