# -е
## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* -ё (-jo)
* -а (-a) — after ш, ч, ж
* -'е (-ʺje) — after р
* -ie, -je, -a — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Compare Polish -ie, -e, Russian -ье (-ʹje), -ие (-ije), -ьё (-ʹjó), Ukrainian -я (-ja), -а (-a).

### Pronunciation

* (after ' or ў) IPA: [je]
* (after ш, ч, ж) -а: IPA: [a]
* (after other consonants) IPA: [ʲe]

### Suffix

-е • (-je)
* Abstract noun suffix; forms part of larger suffixes such as -э́нне (-énnje) or -а́нне (-ánnje), and exists on its own especially as a suffix added to compound words.
    ‎без- (bjez-, “without”) + ‎люд (ljud, “people”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎бязлю́ддзе (bjazljúddzje, “absence of people”)
    ‎но́вы (nóvy, “new”) + ‎-а- (-a-) + ‎сялі́ць (sjalícʹ, “to settle”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎навасе́лле (navasjéllje, “housewarming”)
    ‎над- (nad-, “above”) + ‎хма́ра (xmára, “cloud”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎надхма́р'е (nadxmárʺje, “area above the clouds; (poetic) skies, heavens”)
    ‎па- (pa-, “across, along”) + ‎грані́ца (hraníca, “border”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎паграні́чча (pahraníčča, “region along the border”)
    ‎за- (za-) + ‎ці́хі (cíxi, “quiet, still”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎заці́шша (zacíšša, “lull, calm”)
    ‎без- (bjez-, “without”) + ‎даро́га (daróha, “path”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža, “impassibility”)
* Suffix used to create names of locations in conjunction with prefixes.
    ‎за- (za-) + ‎Каўка́з (Kaŭkáz, “Caucasus”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎Закаўка́ззе (Zakaŭkázzje, “Transcaucasia”)
    ‎пры- (pry-) + ‎Днестр (Dnjestr, “Dniester”) + ‎-о́вы (-óvy) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎Прыднястро́ўе (Prydnjastróŭje, “Transnistria”)

#### Usage notes

* When appended onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies, upon which the suffix becomes -а (-a), as in бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža).
* Otherwise, when appended onto a stem ending in a single palatalizable consonant, that consonant is usually geminated and reflected as such in spelling. The exception is в which becomes ў, e.g. пры- (pry-) + сло́ва (slóva) + -е (-je) → прысло́ўе (pryslóŭje) rather than *прысло́вве (*pryslóvvje).
* When appended onto a stem ending in р, the suffix generally becomes -'е (-ʺje), as in надхма́р'е (nadxmárʺje), although -а (-a) is also possible; see паве́тра (pavjétra).
* Syllable stress is usually drawn onto the syllable before the suffix.

#### Derived terms
## Chuvash
### Suffix

-е • (-e)
* Variant of -а (-a) after front vowels

## Kazakh
### Suffix

| | preceding vowel | preceding vowel |
| | А / Ы / О / Ұ | Ә / Е / І / Ө / Ү |
| postconsonantal | -й (-i) | -й (-i) |
| postvocalic | -а (-a) | -е (-e) |
-е • (-e)
* Form of -й (-i) in soft words and after a consonant.

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛ]

### Suffix

-е • (-e) n
* Appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually to form a diminutive or as an expression of endearment.
    ‎прст m (prst) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎прсте n (prste)
    ‎еж m (ež) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎еже n (eže)
    ‎нос m (nos) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎носе n (nose)
    ‎кукла f (kukla) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎кукле n (kukle)
    ‎мома f (moma) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎моме n (mome)
    ‎книга f (kniga) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎книже n (kniže)

#### Derived terms
## Mongolian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjɵ/
* Syllabification: е (1 syllable)

### Suffix

-е • (-e)
* front vowel harmonic form of -я (-ja)

## Old Novgorodian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъ (dialectal *-ə), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-as, from Proto-Indo-European *-os. Cognate with Old East Slavic -ъ (-ŭ), Old Ruthenian -ъ, Old Church Slavonic -ъ (-ŭ).

#### Suffix

-е • (-je) m
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъ, definite form *-ъjь (dialectal *-ə, definite form *-əjь). Cognate with Old East Slavic -ъ (-ŭ), Old Ruthenian -ъ, Old Church Slavonic -ъ (-ŭ), definite form Old East Slavic -ꙑи (-yi), Old Ruthenian -ый (-yj), Russian -ый (-yj), -о́й (-ój), Old Church Slavonic -ꙑи (-yi), Old Polish -y, Old Czech -ý.

#### Suffix

-е • (-je)
* masculine nominative singular adjective ending
    ‎каꙗн- (kajan-) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎каꙗне (kajane)

##### Derived terms
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʲe]

### Etymology 1
#### Suffix

-е • (-e)
* Alternative form of -о (-o): Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs; highly productive; used in place of -о (-o) after palatal consonants, hushing consonants (ч ш щ ж) and ц
    ‎злове́щий (zlovéščij, “ominous”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎злове́ще (zlovéšče, “ominously”)
    ‎неуклю́жий (neukljúžij, “clumsy, awkward”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎неуклю́же (neukljúže, “clumsily, awkwardly”)
    ‎изли́шний (izlíšnij, “excessive”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎изли́шне (izlíšne, “excessively”)
    ‎кра́йний (krájnij, “extreme, utmost”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎кра́йне (krájne, “extremely, very, too”)
    ‎вне́шний (vnéšnij, “outward, outer”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎вне́шне (vnéšne, “outwardly, externally, outside, outdoors”)
    ‎дю́жий (djúžij, “hefty; very strong (low colloquial)”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎дю́же (djúže, “very (colloquial, dialectal)”)

##### Usage notes

* This ending is always unstressed. In circumstances where it would be stressed, -о (-o) replaces it. Compare хорошо́ (xorošó, “well”) from хоро́ший (xoróšij, “good”), давно́ (davnó, “long ago”) from да́вний (dávnij, “old, ancient, bygone”), etc.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-е • (-e)
* Used to form comparatives from adjectives and adverbs ending in a velar, i.e. х г к.
    ‎ти́хий (tíxij, “quiet”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎ти́ше (tíše, “quieter”)
    ‎ти́хо (tíxo, “quietly”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎ти́ше (tíše, “more quietly”)

##### Usage notes

* This ending is always unstressed, and palatalizes the final velar of the stem.
* The endings -ее (-eje) or -е́е (-éje) are used when the stem does not end in a velar.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.

#### Suffix

-е (Latin spelling -e)
* Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.

##### Derived terms

* ждрије̑бе, ждре̑бе
* ја̏гње
* ја́је
* кљу̑се
* пи̏ле
* пу̏це
* тѐле
* ту̀це

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-е (Latin spelling -e)
* Suffix appended to the truncated stem (up to the second syllable) of a proper name to create a masculine or feminine hypocoristic.
    ‎Катари́на + ‎-е → ‎Ка́те
    ‎Ма̀рија + ‎-е → ‎Ма́ре
    ‎Ју̏ра̄ј + ‎-е → ‎Ју́ре
    ‎Ма̀тија + ‎-е → ‎Ма́те

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-e, from Proto-Indo-European *-e, not a desinence per se but a thematic vowel in e-grade.

#### Suffix

-е (Latin spelling -e)
* Suffix appended to the nominal stem to create vocative singular. Used for masculine and neuter a-stems.
    ‎ву̑к + ‎-е → ‎ву̑че (vocative singular)

### See also

* -анце
* -ашце
* -ешце
* -је
* -це

## Ukrainian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-e, from Proto-Indo-European *-e, not a desinence per se but a thematic vowel in e-grade.

#### Suffix

-е • (-e) m or n
* Suffix appended to the nominal stem to create vocative singular. Used for masculine and neuter a-stems.
    ‎Дмитро (Dmytro) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎Дмитре (Dmytre, vocative singular)

### Etymology 2

From -о (-o)

#### Suffix

-е • (-e)
* Alternative form of -о (-o): Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs; used in place of -о (-o) after palatal consonants, hushing consonants (ч ш щ ж) and ц
    ‎дужий (dužyj, “powerful”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎дуже (duže, “very, much”)

### Etymology 3

From -ий (-yj).

#### Suffix

-е • (-e) m (variant -є, plural -і)
* nominative/accusative singular neuter of -ий (-yj)