# tema
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈte.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈte.ma]

### Noun

tema m (plural temes)
* theme
* topic, subject
* (linguistics) theme, topic
    Synonym: tòpic
    Antonym: rema
* (Internet) discussion thread, topic
    Synonym: fil

#### Derived terms

* tematització

#### Related terms

* temàtic

### Further reading

* “tema”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “tema” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From temo +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtema]
* Rhymes: -ema
* Hyphenation: te‧ma

### Adjective

tema
* subject; related to a topic

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tämä, from Proto-Uralic *tä. Cognate with Finnish tämä, Northern Sami dát and Hungarian té- in tétova (“here and there”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtemɑ/
* Hyphenation: te‧ma

### Pronoun

tema (genitive tema, partitive teda, short form ta)
* he/she (3rd person singular animate personal pronoun)

#### Usage notes

* Used stressed in a sentence; when the pronoun is unstressed, ta is used.

#### See also
### Further reading

* “tema”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “tema”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
* tema in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## Faroese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʰeːma/

### Noun

tema n (genitive singular tema, plural temu or temur)
* theme; subject

#### Synonyms

* evni

#### Derived terms

* temadagur
* temakvøld
* temavika

### Further reading

* "tema" at Sprotin.fo

## Galician
### Verb

tema
* inflection of temer:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch thema, from Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɛma]
* Hyphenation: tè‧ma
* Rhymes: -ma, -a

### Noun

tèma (plural tema-tema)
* theme

#### Derived terms

* bertema
* bertemakan

#### Related terms

* tematik
* tematis

### Further reading

* “tema” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology 1

From Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɛ.ma/
* Rhymes: -ɛma
* Hyphenation: tè‧ma

#### Noun

tema m (plural temi)
* theme, subject
* (linguistics) stem
* thesis

##### Related terms

* a tema
* sottotema
* tematico

##### Descendants

* → Turkish: tema

### Etymology 2

From the verb temere. Compare Romanian teamă, Romansch tema, temma.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɛ.ma/, (traditional) /ˈte.ma/
* Rhymes: -ɛma, (traditional) -ema
* Hyphenation: tè‧ma, (traditional) té‧ma

#### Noun

tema f (plural teme)
* fear

#### Verb

tema
* inflection of temere:
** first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* Meta, mate, matè, meta, meta-, metà, team

## Japanese
### Romanization

tema
* Rōmaji transcription of てま

## Kikuyu
### Etymology

Hinde (1904) records kutemma as an equivalent of English mutilate in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɛma/

### Verb

tema (infinitive gũtema)
* to cut (with a knife)

#### Synonyms

* gũtinia

#### Derived terms

(Nouns)
* ndemwa class 9/10
* mũtemi class 1
(Verbs)
* gũtemera
* gũtemwo
(Proverbs)
* gũtema na kanua ti gũtema na rũhiũ
* rũtemaga mwenji

### References

* ↑ Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 40–41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
* Barlow, A. Ruffell (1960). Studies in Kikuyu Grammar and Idiom, p. 32.

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma); cognate to Latin thema.

### Noun

temà f (plural tèmos) stress pattern 2
* theme; subject

#### Declension
## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian tema.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɛː.ma/

### Noun

tema m or f (plural temi)
* topic, theme

### See also

* tema’

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

### Noun

tema n (definite singular temaet, indefinite plural tema or temaer, definite plural temaene)
* a theme
* a subject or topic

#### Derived terms

* temapark

### References

* “tema” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

### Noun

tema n (definite singular temaet, indefinite plural tema, definite plural temaa)
* a theme
* a subject or topic

#### Derived terms

* temapark

### References

* “tema” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈte.mɑ/

### Verb

tema
* singular imperative of temian

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtẽ.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtẽ.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈte.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈte.mɐ/
* Rhymes: -emɐ
* Hyphenation: te‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma). Doublet of teima.

#### Alternative forms

* thema (obsolete)

#### Noun

tema m (plural temas)
* theme; topic; subject (what something is about)
    Synonym: tópico
* theme; motif (recurring idea)
    Synonym: motivo
* (music) theme (main melody of a piece of music)
* (film, television) theme (melody that identifies a film or programme)
* (linguistic morphology) theme (the main stem of a word, without the affixes)
* (graphical user interface) theme; skin (colour schemes, sounds, artwork of an application)
    Synonym: skin
* (historical) theme (regional unit of the Byzantine empire)

##### Derived terms

* teminha (diminutive), temazinho (diminutive)

##### Related terms

* temático

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

tema
* inflection of temer:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Romansch
### Etymology 1

From Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

#### Noun

tema m (plural temas)
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) subject, topic, theme

### Etymology 2

From temair, temer, etc. Compare Italian tema, Romanian teamă.

#### Alternative forms

* temma (Puter, Vallader)

#### Noun

tema f (plural temas)
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) fear

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /těːma/
* Hyphenation: te‧ma

### Noun

téma f (Cyrillic spelling те́ма)
* theme, subject

#### Declension
## Shona
### Adjective

-temá
* black
* dark

#### Inflection
## Slovene
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *tьma.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /təmá/, /tə́ma/

#### Noun

təmȁ or tə̏ma f
* dark, darkness

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμᾰ (thémă).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /téːma/

#### Noun

tẹ̑ma f
* topic, theme

##### Inflection
### Further reading

* “tema”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtema/ [ˈt̪e.ma]
* Rhymes: -ema
* Syllabification: te‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma). Doublet of taima.

#### Noun

tema m (plural temas)
* theme; plot (of a book, film or other media)
    Me gusta la serie porque el tema es complicado.I like the series because the plot is complicated.
* topic; matter; subject
    el tema es que… ― the thing is…
    por el tema de ― because of…
* (linguistics) theme; topic
    Antonym: rema
* song, track
    Alternative forms: (augmentative) temazo, (augmentative) temón

##### Derived terms

* aquí hay tema
* cada loco con su tema
* darle al tema
* fuera de tema (“off-topic”)
* temar
* temario
* tematizar

##### Related terms

* temática
* temático

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

tema
* inflection of temar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
* inflection of temer:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “tema”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-tema (infinitive kutema)
* to slash, to cut with a panga
* to spit

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -tema :
| Positive present | -natema |
| Subjunctive | -teme |
| Negative | -temi |
| Imperative singular | tema |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kutema |
| Negative | kutotema |
Imperatives :
| Singular | tema |
| Plural | temeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hutema |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -litema |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kutema |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tatema |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tatema |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -siteme |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngetema |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singetema |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalitema |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalitema |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -metema |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshatema |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jatema |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kitema |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipotema |
| Consecutive | katema / positive subject concord + -katema |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kateme |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -temea
** Causative: -temesha
** Stative: -temeka
* Nominal derivations:
** utemaji (“spitting”)

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin thema.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tema n
* a theme, a topic

#### Related terms

* tematisk

### Further reading

* tema in Svensk ordbok.

### Anagrams

* meta, tame, team

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish tema.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈtema/ [ˈt̪ɛː.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -ema
* Syllabification: te‧ma

### Noun

tema (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜋ)
* theme; subject
    Synonym: paksa
* (colloquial) resentment (often expressed indirectly in one's words)
    Synonyms: hinanakit, sama ng loob, pagdaramdam

#### Derived terms

* temahan
* temahin

#### See also

* pahatid
* mensahe

### Anagrams

* mate

## Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian tema.

### Noun

tema (definite accusative temayı, plural temalar)
* theme, subject

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin thema.

### Noun

tema (plural temalar)
* theme, subject