# crow
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kɹəʊ/
* (US) enPR: krō, IPA: /kɹoʊ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊ
* Homophones: cro, Crow

### Etymology 1

From Middle English crowe, from Old English crāwe, from Proto-West Germanic *krāā, from Proto-Germanic *krēǭ (compare West Frisian krie, Dutch kraai, German Krähe), from *krēaną (“to crow”). See below.

#### Noun

crow (plural crows)
* A bird, usually black, of the genus Corvus, having a strong conical beak, with projecting bristles; it has a harsh, croaking call.
** 1922, E.R. Eddison, The Worm Ouroborus:Gaslark in his splendour on the golden stairs saying adieu to those three captains and their matchless armament foredoomed to dogs and crows on Salapanta Hills.
* Any of various dark-coloured nymphalid butterflies of the genus Euploea.
* A bar of iron with a beak, crook or claw; a bar of iron used as a lever; a crowbar.
    Synonym: crowbar
** 1796, Matthew Lewis, The Monk, Folio Society, published 1985, page 267:He approached the humble tomb in which Antonia reposed. He had provided himself with an iron crow and a pick-axe: but this precaution was unnecessary.
** 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:Watt might have broken the door down, with an axe, or a crow, or a small charge of explosive, but this might have aroused Erskine's suspicions, and Watt did not want that.
* (now rare, slang) Someone who keeps watch while their associates commit a crime; a lookout.
** 1874, Marcus Clarke, For the Term of his Natural Life, Penguin, published 2009, page 53:“Ay,” put in a young man, who had the reputation of being the smartest “crow” in London—“‘fishers of men,’ as the parson says.”
** 1975, Michael Crichton, The Great Train Robbery:By nine o'clock on the evening of November 12, 1854, Pierce had his confederates in their places. The crow, Agar's woman, lounged across the street from the Trent mansion.
* (historical) A gangplank (corvus) used by the Ancient Roman navy to board enemy ships.
* (among butchers) The mesentery of an animal.
* (derogatory) An ill-tempered and obstinate woman, or one who otherwise has features resembling the bird; a harpy.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shrew
** 1899, George Horton, A Fair Brigand‎, H.S. Stone, page 242:But it helps a man along to have a wife he can be proud of. Suppose you marry some old crow. People point at her and ask, 'Who is that death's head yonder?'
** 1970, Paul J. Smith, 0:13 from the start, in Woody Woodpecker: "Seal on the Loose", spoken by Woody Woodpecker (Grace Stafford):(Mrs. Meany to Woody, from a window) "I don't care! I'm not running a pet shop." "Well it looks like one with an old crow in the window!"
* (ethnic slur, offensive, slang) A black person.
* (military, slang) The emblem of an eagle, a sign of military rank.
** 2002, Ed Goodrich, Riggers that Dive, page 46:A young petty officer that must have just received his “crow” (a single chevron, with an eagle over it) was showing off to several seamen.
** 2003, Jonathan T. Malay, Seraphim Sky, page 106:The young man had been threatened with loss of his third class rank, his “crow,” the eagle in a petty officer's sleeve insignia.

##### Hyponyms

* American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
* Australian crow (Corvus orru)
* Banggai crow (Corvus unicolor)
* bare-faced crow (Corvus tristis)
* Bismarck crow (Corvus insularis)
* black crow (Corvus capensis)
* blue-wattled crow
* Bougainville crow (Corvus meeki)
* brown-headed crow (Corvus fuscicapillus)
* Cape crow (Corvus capensis)
* carrion crow (Corvus corone)
* collared crow (Corvus torquatus)
* Cuban crow (Corvus nasicus)
* Danish crow (Corvus cornix)
* dun crow
* Eurasian crow (Corvus corone)
* fish crow (Corvus ossifragus)
* Flores crow (Corvus florensis)
* grey crow (Corvus tristis)
* Hawaiian crow (Corvus hawaiiensis, Corvus tropicus)
* hermit-crow
* high-billed crow (†Corvus impluviatus)
* hooded crow (Corvus cornix)
* hoodiecrow (Corvus cornix)
* house crow (Corvus splendens)
* Jamaican crow (Corvus jamaicensis)
* jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos)
* large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchos macrorhynchus)
* little crow (Corvus bennetti)
* long-billed crow (Corvus validus)
* Mariana crow (Corvus kubaryi)
* Mesopotamian crow (Corvus cornix capellanus)
* New Caledonian crow (Corvus moneduloides)
* northwestern crow (Corvus caurinus)
* Pagenstecher's crow
* palm crow (Corvus palmarum)
* pied crow (Corvus albus)
* piping crow (Corvus typicus)
* Puerto Rican crow (Corvus pumilis)
* robust crow (Corvus viriosus)
* Royston crow
* Salomon Islands crow (Corvus meeki, Corvus woodfordi)
* scald-crow
* Scotch crow (Corvus cornix)
* sea crow
* Sinaloan crow (Corvus sinaloae)
* slender-billed crow (Corvus enca)
* small brown crow (Euploea darchia) (butterfly)
* Somali crow (Corvus edithae)
* Tamaulipas crow (Corvus imparatus)
* Torresian crow (Corvus orru)
* violaceous crow (Corvus enca violaceus)
* white-billed crow (Corvus woodfordi)
* white-necked crow (Corvus leucognaphalus)
* †New Ireland crow

##### Derived terms

* as the crow flies
* crowbait
* crowberry
* crowbill
* crow cage
* crowdom
* croweater
* crowflower
* crowfoot
* crowkeeper
* crowlike
* crow-line
* crowly
* crow moon
* crow pheasant
* crow pose
* crow scarer
* crow's foot (“facial wrinkle”)
* crow-silk
* crow's nest
* crowstep
* crowstone
* crow-tit
* crowtoe
* crow to pick
* crow to pluck
* crow to pull
* crow-trodden
* eat boiled crow
* eat crow
* fruitcrow
* gallicrow
* gorcrow
* hoarse as a crow
* holy crow
* John crow
* king crow
* paradise-crow
* pig's-crow
* rain crow
* scarecrow
* stone the crows
* water crow

##### Translations
#### Adjective

crow
* (uncommon) Dark black, the color of a crow; crow-black.
    Coordinate term: raven
** 1945, George Marsh, Ask No Quarter, New York, W. Morrow & Company:"Though her her crow hair is lovely and wavy, she loathes it and craves yellow locks. Since she saw Hugh, she's given me no peace.” Sheffield's square , good-looking face shaped a grimace.
** 2019 December 6, Shi Shuifeiyan, Escaped Consort: Hubby, Don’t Chase Me: Volume 3, Funstory, →ISBN:[…] only her crow hair could be seen. Her appearance could not be seen as she anxiously called out, "Mother ..." The setting sun cast a dim yellow light on the interior of the house. The woman lay on her back and looked up at the beams overhead […]

#### See also

* caw
* murder of crows (“flock of crows”)
* raven

#### Further reading

* Crow on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Corvus (boarding device) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 2

The verb is from Middle English crowen, from Old English crāwan (past tense crēow, past participle crāwen), from Proto-West Germanic *krāan, from Proto-Germanic *krēaną, from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”).
The noun is from Middle English crowe, from the verb.
Compare Dutch kraaien, German krähen, Lithuanian gróti, Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)). Related to croak.

#### Verb

crow (third-person singular simple present crows, present participle crowing, simple past crowed or (UK) crew, past participle crowed or (archaic) crown)
* (intransitive) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance.
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:Yet once me thought it [the ghost of Hamlet's father] was about to ſpeake, / And lifted vp his head to motion, / Like as he would ſpeake, but euen the / The morning cocke crew lowd, and in all haſte / It ſhrunke in haſte away, and vaniſhed / Our ſight.
** 1784, The House that Jack Built, page 8:This is the Cock that crowed in the Morn[.]
** 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part II”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 37:'You are that Psyche' Cyril said again / 'The mother of the sweetest little maid, / That ever crow'd for kisses.'
** 1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 87:The child was at this time about ten months old, and was a strong, hearty, happy infant, always laughing when he was awake and always sleeping when he did not laugh, because his little limbs were free from pain and his little stomach was not annoyed by internal troubles. He kicked, and crowed, and sputtered, when his mother took him, and put up his little fingers to clutch her hair, and was to her as a young god upon the earth. Nothing in the world had ever been created so beautiful, so joyous, so satisfactory, so divine!
** 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter III, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC, part I, page 48:Hearing the miner's footsteps, the baby would put up his arms and crow.
** 1962, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right”, in The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan:When your rooster crows at the break o' dawn / Look out your window and I'll be gone.
* (intransitive) To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag.
    He’s been crowing all day about winning the game of cards.
** 2017 September 27, Julianne Tveten, “Zucktown, USA”, in The Baffler‎:Touting its sponsorship of local engineering and sustainability programs, Amazon crows about such “investments” as its dog park, playing fields, art installations, and Buckyball-reminiscent domical gardens.
** 2023 October 7, Ajesh Patalay, quoting Margaret Cho, “The Naked Chef 2.0”, in FT Weekend‎, HTSI, page 77:Another of my favorite dishes, the Asian chicken salad, was inspired by a skit by comedian Margaret Cho (“This is not the salad of my people…” she crows).
* (intransitive, music) To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it.

##### Usage notes

The past tense crew in modern usage is confined to literary and metaphorical uses, usually with reference to the story of Peter in Luke 22.60. The past participle crown is similarly poetical.

##### Derived terms

* cockscrow
* crower
* crowingly
* crow over
* outcrow
* overcrow

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Noun

crow (plural crows)
* The cry or call of a rooster or a cockerel, especially as heard at sunrise.
    Synonym: cock-a-doodle-doo

##### Derived terms

* cockcrow

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

crow (uncountable)
* Alternative spelling of cro (“marijuana”)
** 2024 June 13, Bagzoverfame X General Jamz - Imagine (lyrics and music), “Imagine” (0:37 from the start):My young boys hop out the ride in a crop yard searching, tryna find this crow

### References

* ↑ “crow”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
* ↑ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Crow (krō$^u$), sb.$^2$”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume II (C), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1206, column 3: “f. Crow v.”
* ↑ “crou, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007: “From crouen .”

### Anagrams

* Worc

## Middle English
### Noun

crow
* Alternative form of crowe