# bom
## Translingual
### Symbol

bom
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Berom.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Berom terms

## Abinomn
### Noun

bom
* earth

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch bom, from French bombe.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔm/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bom (plural bomme, diminutive bommetjie)
* bomb, explosive
* (figurative) bombshell (something sensational, amazing or controversial)

#### Derived terms

* atoombom
* kernbom
* tydbom

## Danish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German bōm (“tree”), from Proto-Germanic *baumaz, *bagmaz, compare German Baum and English beam.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈb̥ɔmˀ]

### Noun

bom c (singular definite bommen, plural indefinite bomme)
* bar, tollbar
* barrier (rail)
* beam

#### Inflection
### References

“bom” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bom
* Rhymes: -ɔm

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French bombe, still attested as bombe in Early Modern Dutch.

#### Noun

bom f (plural bommen, diminutive bommetje n)
* bomb (explosive)
    Er werd een bom ontdekt in het treinstation. ― A bomb was discovered in the train station.
    De bommen vielen op de stad tijdens de luchtaanval. ― The bombs fell on the city during the air raid.
* (Suriname) gas cylinder (cylindrical vessel for compressed gas)
    Synonyms: gasbom, gascylinder, gasfles

##### Derived terms

* atoombom
* bermbom
* bombrief
* bommetje
* brandbom
* clusterbom
* fotobom
* kernbom
* tijdbom

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: bom
* → Caribbean Javanese: bom
* → Indonesian: bom
* → Sranan Tongo: bom
* → West Frisian: bom

### Etymology 2

Clipping of bomschuit.

#### Noun

bom f (plural bommen, diminutive bommetje n)
* (historical) flat-bottomed marine fishing vessel

### Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch bomme, bonne, probably of Celtic origin, from Gaulish *bunda, feminine form of *bundos (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ-, *bʰudʰmḗn.

#### Noun

bom f (plural bommen, diminutive bommetje n)
* (archaic) bung, stopper (for barrels)
    Synonyms: spon, stop

### Etymology 4

Initialism of bewust ongehuwde moeder (“deliberately unmarried mother”). First attested in 1978.

#### Noun

bom f (plural bommen, diminutive bommetje n)
* single mother

##### Alternative forms

* BOM

##### Derived terms

* bommoeder
* bomvrouw

### References

* ↑ “bonde”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “bommoeder”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

## Iban
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bomb.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bom/

### Noun

bom
* bomb

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɔm]
* Hyphenation: bom

### Etymology 1

From Dutch bom, from French bombe, from Italian bomba, from Latin bombus (“a boom”).

#### Noun

bom (plural bom-bom)
* bomb, an explosive device used or intended as a weapon

##### Derived terms

* mengebom
* pengebom
* pengeboman

##### Related terms

* bombardemen
* bombardir

#### Compounds

* bom atom
* bom brisan
* bom bunuh diri
* bom gunung api
* bom hidrogen
* bom klaster
* bom kumbang
* bom laut
* bom molotov
* bom napalm
* bom nuklir
* bom pembakar
* bom pintar
* bom tarik
* bom waktu
* bom zat cair

### Etymology 2

From Dutch boom (“tree, pole”), from Middle Dutch bôom, from Old Dutch bōm, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz.

#### Noun

bom (plural bom-bom)
* boom, tree, pole

### Etymology 3

From Dutch slagboom (“boom barrier, boom gate”) or boom (“beam, barrier”). Compare to Dutch boomklok (“A bell tolled during the opening (in the morning) or closing (in the evening) of a port”, literally “beam bell”).

#### Noun

bom (plural bom-bom)
* boom barrier, boom gate
* (figuratively) harbor, harbour
    Synonym: pelabuhan
* (figuratively) customs
    Synonym: pabean

##### Alternative forms

* bum

### Further reading

* “bom” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Middle High German boum (German Baum), or East Central German, German Low German Boom.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɔm/

### Noun

bom m inan (diminutive bomk)
* tree
** 2011 September 27, I. Neumannojc, “Sadowe bomy za derjeměśe luźa a natury”, in Nowy Casnik:Sadowe bomy w burskich gumnach a teke na dwórach su typiske za naš region.Fruit trees in farmers’ gardens and even in courtyards are typical for our region.

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Lower Sorbian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bom”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bom”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

## Malay
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek βόμβος (bómbos).

### Noun

bom (Jawi spelling بوم, plural bom-bom, informal 1st possessive bomku, 2nd possessive bommu, 3rd possessive bomnya)
* bomb

### Further reading

* “bom” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From either Middle Low German bōm, from Old Saxon bōm or from Dutch boom (“tree, beam, mast, boom”), from Middle Dutch bôom (“tree, beam, pole, boom barrier”), from Old Dutch bōm (“tree”), from Proto-West Germanic *baum (“tree, beam”), from Proto-Germanic *baumaz, *bagmaz (“tree, beam, balk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to grow, swell”).

### Noun

bom m (definite singular bommen, indefinite plural bommer, definite plural bommene)
* a boom (for a sail, crane, microphone etc.)
* a barrier (at a railway crossing etc.)
* a beam (in gymnastics: balance beam)
* a derrick (nautical, for loading/unloading cargo)

#### Derived terms

* bompenger
* bomvei

### References

* “bom” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Middle Low German bom.

### Noun

bom m (definite singular bommen, indefinite plural bommar, definite plural bommane)
* a boom (as above)
* a barrier (as above)
* a beam (as above)
* a derrick (nautical, for loading/unloading cargo)

### References

* “bom” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Occitan
### Etymology

Imitative.

### Interjection

bom
* boom

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *baum.

### Noun

bōm m
* tree

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: bôom
** Dutch: boom
*** Afrikaans: boom
*** Berbice Creole Dutch: bom
*** Jersey Dutch: bôm
*** Negerhollands: bom, boom
**** → Virgin Islands Creole: bom (archaic)
*** Polish: bom, bum
*** Skepi Creole Dutch: bom, boom
*** Sranan Tongo: bon
**** Aukan: bon
*** → English: boom
*** → Indonesian: bom (“tree, pole”), bum
** Limburgish: boum

#### Further reading

* “bōm”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *baum, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz.

### Noun

bōm m
* tree

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: bôm
** Low German: Boom
*** German Low German: Boom
** Plautdietsch: Boom
** → Danish: bom
** → Finnish: puomi
** → Gutnish: bom
** → Norwegian Bokmål: bom
** → Norwegian Nynorsk: bom
** → Swedish: bom

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɔm/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔm
* Syllabification: bom

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch boom.

#### Alternative forms

* bum

#### Noun

bom m inan
* boom (a gymnastics apparatus similar to a balance beam)
    Synonym: tram
* (sailing) boom (a spar extending the foot of a sail; a spar rigged outboard from a ship's side to which boats are secured in harbour)
* boom (a wishbone-shaped piece of windsurfing equipment)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

#### Interjection

bom
* dong (sound of a bell, clock, etc.)

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

bom
* Combined form of bo + -m

### Further reading

* bom in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bom in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bom”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bom”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bom”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 189

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “bom”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “bom”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* bão (Caipira)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese bõo, inherited from Latin bonus (“good”), from Old Latin duonos, earlier duenos, from Proto-Italic *dwenos. Doublet of bónus / bônus, a later borrowing. Compare Fala and Galician bo, Spanish bueno.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbõ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbõ/, (dialectal) /ˈbɐ̃w̃/
* Rhymes: -õ
* Hyphenation: bom
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

bom (feminine boa, masculine plural bons, feminine plural boas, comparable, comparative melhor, superlative o melhor or ótimo or boníssimo)
* good
** desirable, positive, advantageous
** (in reference to senses) pleasant, enjoyable, (of food) tasty
    Synonyms: agradável, aprazível
    Antonyms: ruim, desagradável
    Esta brisa é boa. ― This breeze is pleasant.
** (of a person) kind, generous, acting morally
    Synonyms: gentil, generoso
    Antonyms: mau, mesquinho, amargo
    Ele é um homem bom. ― He is a good man.
** (of quantity or time) sizeable, reasonable, significant
    Synonyms: razoável, significante
    Antonyms: pequeno, insignificante
    boa parte ― significant part

#### Derived terms

* boa gente / gente boa
* boa noite
* boa tarde
* boas
* bom dia
* de boa
* numa boa

#### Related terms

* bem
* bondade
* embora

### Interjection

bom
* well, very well
    Bom, já é hora de ir. ― Well, it's time to go.

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bóːm/

### Verb

bọ̑m
* first-person singular future of bíti

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Dutch boom.

### Noun

bom c
* a barrier (in the form of a pole that can be raised/lowered or opened/closed)
* a miss, failure to hit
* a boom (sail)
* a boom (type of balance beam, used in gymnastics)

#### Synonyms

* (miss): miss

#### Derived terms

* bakom lås och bom

### References

* bom in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bom in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bom in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* bom in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
* bom in Svenskt nautiskt lexikon (1920)

## Tày
### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [ɓɔm˧˥]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [ɓɔm˦]

### Verb

bom
* to encourage; to provoke
    bom đếch pin mạy ― to nudge the children into climbing trees
    bom cần tò fật ― to encourage wrestling

### References

* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɓɔm˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɓɔm˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɓɔm˧˧]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French bombe.

#### Noun

(classifier quả, trái) bom
* bomb
    Synonym: trái phá (obsolete)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French pomme; the phoneme /p/ is changed into /ɓ/ as it is not a native onset consonant.

#### Noun

(classifier quả, trái) bom
* (dialectal) apple

##### Synonyms

* táo tây, táo, bôm (regional)

## Volapük
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bone.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bom/

### Noun

bom (nominative plural boms)
* bone

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Derived terms

* bäkabom (“backbone”)
* bomem
* fitabom

### References

* SARMENTO, Leila Lauar. Gramática em textos. 2nd edition. São Paulo, Brazil: Moderna, 2005.

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English bomb.

### Noun

bom m or f (plural bomiau)
* bomb
* (slang) bomb, mint, killing (large amount of money)

#### Derived terms

* bom amser (“time bomb”)
* bomio (“bomb”, verb)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bom”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Zou
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bom˧/

### Verb

bom
* (transitive) to bind

### References

* Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 81