# rug
## English
### Etymology

Uncertain; probably of North Germanic origin; perhaps inherited via Middle English *rugge (suggested by Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”) and rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”), probably related to *rūhaz (“rough”), related to English rag and rough.
Cognate with dialectal Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”), Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”), related to English rag and rough. Compare also Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: rŭg, IPA: /ɹʌɡ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌɡ

### Noun

rug (plural rugs)
* A partial covering for a floor. [1624]
* (UK, Australia) A (usually thick) piece of fabric used for warmth (especially on a bed); a blanket. [1591]
** 1855, William Howitt, A Boy′s Adventures in the Wilds of Australia: or, Herbert′s Note-Book, page 254:They then cut down a quantity of gum-tree leaves for a bed, and threw their rugs upon them ready for bed-time.
** 1906 July 27, Government Gazette of Western Australia, page 2297:Furnish every sleeping apartment with a sufficient number of toilet utensils and bedsteads, and sufficient bedding so that each bed shall be provided with a mattress, two sheets, a rug, and, in winter time, not less than one additional rug.
** 1950 April, Dental Journal of Australia, Volume 22, page 181,
    My own son had a bunny rug of which he was very fond and on being put to bed he would always demand his “bunny rug to suck his finger with.″
** 1958, Arthur Hailey, John Castle. Runway Zero-Eight. Bantham Books
    She tucked in a rug round the woman. “How’s that?” The woman nodded gratefully.
** 1997, Alan Sharpe, Vivien Encel, Murder!: 25 True Australian Crimes, page 22:He brought with him a rug and a sheet, and lay down by the fire.
* (historical, now rare) A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for clothing. [1547]
** 1577, Raphaell Holinshed, “The Historie of Irelande […]”, in The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Hunne, →OCLC:They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of mine […] repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these Waterford rugs.
* (historical, now rare) A cloak or mantle made of such a frieze. [1577]
* (obsolete, rare) A person wearing a rug. [1627]
* A cloth covering for a horse. [1790]
* (obsolete, rare) A dense layer of natural vegetation that precludes the growth of crops. [1792]
* (slang) The female pubic hair. [1893]
* A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog.
* (slang) A wig; a hairpiece. [1940]
* (colloquial) A dense growth of chest hair. [1954]
* (US, slang, ethnic slur) Short for rughead.
** 1980, John Irwin, Prisons in Turmoil, page 212:We're the motherfuckers be fightin' when the rugs [black prisoners] start wasting people around here.

#### Usage notes

* (partial floor covering): The terms rug and carpet are not precise synonyms: a rug covers part of the floor; a carpet covers most or a large area of the floor; a fitted carpet runs wall-to-wall.

#### Synonyms

* (small carpet): carpet, mat
* (wig): toupee, wig

#### Derived terms

* area rug
* brush something under the rug
* cut a rug
* cute as a bug in a rug
* cut the rug
* drug rug
* lie like a cheap rug
* lie like a rug
* Nain rug
* Oriental rug
* oriental rug
* prayer rug
* pull the rug
* pull the rug out from under
* rag rug
* rug-cutter
* rug-cutting
* rug-headed
* rug hooking
* rug joint
* rug monkey
* rug muncher
* rug pilot
* rug pull
* rug-pull
* rug ranking
* rug rat
* rug rider
* scatter rug
* snug as a bug in a rug
* sweep something under the rug
* throw rug
* under the rug

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

rug (third-person singular simple present rugs, present participle rugging, simple past and past participle rugged)
* (transitive) To cover with a rug.
** 1966, Margaret I. Clarke, Care of the Horse and Pony, page 45:It stands to reason that because of the difference in climate the necessity for rugging a horse in Australia would vary considerably from that in cold countries like England […]
* (Scotland, archaic) To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear.
** 1816, [Walter Scott], The Antiquary. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:“this was a job in the auld times o'rugging and riving through the hale country […] ”
* Clipping of rug pull.

#### Derived terms

* rug up

### Further reading

* “rug”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “rug”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “rug”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* GRU, GUR

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch rug.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rœχ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

rug (plural rûe or rûens, diminutive ruggie)
* (plural chiefly rûe) back (rear of the body)
* (plural chiefly rûens) hill; ridge

## Aromanian
### Etymology 1

From Latin rubus. Compare Romanian rug.

#### Alternative forms

* rugu, arug, arugu

#### Noun

rug m (plural rudz)
* wild rose, raspberry bush, bramble bush

##### Synonyms

* pilivuri, zigrã, mãcesh, bubzel

### Etymology 2

Probably a semi-learned term or borrowing from Latin rogus, as with its Romanian cognate rug (or modeled after it). Less likely inherited.

#### Noun

rug m (plural rudz)
* funeral pyre

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Danish rugh, from Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rug, Swedish råg, Icelandic rúgur, Dutch rogge, Low German Rogg, German Roggen, English rye.

### Noun

rug c (singular definite rugen, not used in plural form)
* rye (Secale cereale)

### Verb

rug
* imperative of ruge

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch rugge, from Old Dutch ruggi, from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rʏx/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: rug
* Rhymes: -ʏx

### Noun

rug m (plural ruggen, diminutive ruggetje n or rugje n)
* back, backside
* (geology) ridge
* (Netherlands, historical) Short for rooie rug; a thousand-guilders banknote

#### Derived terms

* achter de rug
* bultrug, bultrugwalvis
* heuvelrug
* roodrugpelikaan
* rooie rug
* rugborstel
* ruggespraak
* rugklacht
* rugpijn
* rugslag
* rugslaper
* rugtas
* rugvin
* rugzak
* zadelrug

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: rug
* Jersey Dutch: rœx
* Negerhollands: rugge, rigi, rege

## Elfdalian
### Noun

rug m
* rye (Secale cereale)

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

## Faroese
### Noun

rug
* accusative singular indefinite of rugur

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish ·ruc, prototonic form of ro·ucc, perfect tense of beirid.

### Pronunciation

* (Ulster) IPA: /ɾˠʌɡ/

### Verb

rug
* analytic past indicative of beir

### References

* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 101

## Manx
### Etymology

From ro·uccai, suppletive augmented form of beirid. Compare Irish and Scottish Gaelic rugadh.

### Verb

rug (verbal noun ruggal, past participle ruggit)
* to bear (give birth to)

#### Synonyms

* behr
* ymmyrk

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Compare Danish rug, Swedish råg, Icelandic rúgur, Dutch rogge, German Roggen, English rye.

### Noun

rug m (definite singular rugen)
* rye (the grass Secale cereale or its grains as food)

#### Derived terms

* rugbrød

### References

* “rug” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Cognate with Faroese rugur, Icelandic rúgur, Swedish råg, Danish rug, Dutch rogge, German Roggen, and English rye.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rʊː(ɡ)/, /rʉː(ɡ)/
* (Northern Gudbrandsdal) IPA: [ruɡ]
* Hyphenation: rùg

### Noun

rug m (definite singular rugen)
* rye (the grass Secale cereale or its grains as food)

#### Derived terms

* rugbrød

### References

* “rug” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Adjective

rūg
* Alternative form of rūh

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈruk/
* Rhymes: -uk
* Syllabification: rug
* Homophones: róg, Róg, Rug

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin rūga.

#### Noun

rug m inan
* (obsolete) crease, notch, wrinkle
    Synonyms: bruzda, fałda, karb, zmarszczka

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish rug.

#### Noun

rug m inan (related adjective rugowy)
* (in the plural, historical) mass expulsions of foreign subjects
    Synonyms: ekspulsja, wydalanie
* (in the plural, historical) verifying the validity of parliamentary elections
    Hypernym: sprawdzanie
* (chiefly in the plural, historical) judicial inquiry, investigation
    Synonyms: dochodzenie, śledztwo

##### Related terms

* rugownik
* rugować impf

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

rug f
* genitive plural of ruga

### Further reading

* rug in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* rug in PWN's encyclopedia
* Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “rug”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna

## Romagnol
### Pronunciation

   * (Central Romagnol): IPA: [ˈɾuːɡ]

### Noun

rug m pl
* plural of rôg

### References

Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 514

## Romanian
### Etymology 1

From Latin rogus, probably borrowed in the 19th century or semi-learned. The linguists Candrea and Tiktin believed it to be inherited.

#### Noun

rug n (plural ruguri)
* pyre

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin rubus (“bramble, briar”), from Proto-Italic *wruðos, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”). Compare Italian rovo, dialectal rogo. For the sound shift of Latin -b- to -g- in Romanian, compare neg, negură.

#### Noun

rug m (plural rugi)
* bramble
* dog rose
* blackberry

##### Synonyms

* măceș

##### Derived terms

* ruget

### References

* rug in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rˠuk/

### Verb

rug
* past of beir