# 坪

| 坪 | U+576A, &#22378; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-576A |
| ← 坩 [U+5769] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 坫 → [U+576B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

坪 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土一火十 (GMFJ), four-corner 4114$_9$, composition ⿰土平)

#### Derived characters

* 𦱾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4976
* Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 34
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 430, character 9
* Unihan data for U+576A

## Chinese

* 坪 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Pyeong (English)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 平 | *ben, *beŋ |
| 怦 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 砰 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 抨 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 閛 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 伻 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 評 | *beŋ, *beŋs |
| 坪 | *beŋ |
| 苹 | *beŋ |
| 枰 | *beŋ, *beŋs |
| 泙 | *beŋ |
| 蚲 | *beŋ |
| 胓 | *beŋ |
| 匉 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 萍 | *beːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *beŋ): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ).

### Etymology

The Taiwanese measurement unit of area was borrowed from the Japanese one during Japanese colonial period.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): píng (ping$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ping$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phiàng / phìn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): piang$^2$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ba$^2$ / baⁿ$^2$ / pia$^2$ / piaⁿ$^2$ / ping$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phêng / phiâⁿ / pîⁿ / pêⁿ / phîⁿ / phêⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pêng$^5$ / pian$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$bin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: píng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: píng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻing$^2$
*** Yale: píng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyng
*** Palladius: пин (pin)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ping$^4$
*** Yale: pìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ping$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ping$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phiàng / phìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: piang$^ˇ$ / pin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: piang$^2$ / pin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰi̯aŋ¹¹/, /pʰin¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: piang$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰiaŋ¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ba$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: báⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /pa¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: baⁿ$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pã¹³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: pia$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: piáⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰia¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: piaⁿ$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰĩã¹³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ping$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: píng
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ¹³/
* ba2/baⁿ2 - vernacular;
* pia2/piaⁿ2 - vernacular;
* ping2 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: bjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 坪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 符兵切 |
| Baxter | bjaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /biajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /biɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | píng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ping$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*beŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 坪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9820 |
| Phonetic component | 平 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 平 |
| Old Chinese | /*beŋ/ |

### Definitions

坪
* plain (especially used in a place name); flatland; level ground; terrace
* (Taiwan) a traditional unit of areal measure equal to a square six 尺 (chǐ) on each side, approximately 3.306 square meters or 35.57 square feet

### Compounds

* 七里坪 (Qīlǐpíng)
* 下坪 (Xiàpíng)
* 下谷坪 (Xiàgǔpíng)
* 三鬥坪 / 三斗坪
* 仁和坪 (Rénhépíng)
* 停機坪 / 停机坪 (tíngjīpíng)
* 兩坪 / 两坪 (Liǎngpíng)
* 六里坪 (Liùlǐpíng)
* 南坪 (Nánpíng)
* 卸甲坪 (Xièjiǎpíng)
* 厚坪 (Hòupíng)
* 古村坪 (Gǔcūnpíng)
* 喬家坪 / 乔家坪 (Qiáojiāpíng)
* 地坪 (dìpíng)
* 坪場 / 坪场
* 坪壩 / 坪坝 (píngbà)
* 坪數 / 坪数
* 坪林 (Pínglín)
* 坪頂 / 坪顶 (Píngdǐng)
* 大支坪 (Dàzhīpíng)
* 姚坪 (Yáopíng)
* 安坪 (Ānpíng)
* 官坪 (Guānpíng)
* 富城坪 (Fùchéngpíng)
* 寺坪 (Sìpíng)
* 小坪 (Xiǎopíng)
* 康坪 (Kāngpíng)
* 建坪 (Jiànpíng)
* 方高坪 (Fānggāopíng)
* 木魚坪 / 木鱼坪 (Mùyúpíng)
* 松木坪 (Sōngmùpíng)
* 柯坪 (Kēpíng)
* 柘木坪 (Zhèmùpíng)
* 桃坪 (Táopíng)
* 棉花坪 (Miánhuāpíng)
* 榔坪 (Lángpíng)
* 楂樹坪 / 楂树坪 (Zhāshùpíng)
* 樟村坪 (Zhāngcūnpíng)
* 樟樹坪 / 樟树坪 (Zhāngshùpíng)
* 水井坪 (Shuǐjǐngpíng)
* 水坪 (Shuǐpíng)
* 沙坪 (Shāpíng)
* 洋坪 (Yángpíng)
* 活龍坪 / 活龙坪 (Huólóngpíng)
* 清坪 (Qīngpíng)
* 清太坪 (Qīngtàipíng)
* 溪口坪 (Xīkǒupíng)
* 火燒坪 / 火烧坪 (Huǒshāopíng)
* 白楊坪 / 白杨坪 (Báiyángpíng)
* 秦家坪 (Qínjiāpíng)
* 竹坪 (Zhúpíng)
* 篤坪 / 笃坪 (Dǔpíng)
* 紅坪 / 红坪 (Hóngpíng)
* 紅花坪 / 红花坪 (Hónghuāpíng)
* 花坪 (Huāpíng)
* 茅坪 (Máopíng)
* 茅坪場 / 茅坪场 (Máopíngchǎng)
* 草坪 (cǎopíng)
* 蒿坪 (Hāopíng)
* 薛坪 (Xuēpíng)
* 賀家坪 / 贺家坪 (Hèjiāpíng)
* 鄂坪 (Èpíng)
* 金坪 (Jīnpíng)
* 金果坪 (Jīnguǒpíng)
* 長坪 / 长坪 (Chángpíng)
* 阿坶坪
* 雙坪 / 双坪 (Shuāngpíng)
* 鞦韆坪 / 秋千坪 (Qiūqiānpíng)
* 馬坪 / 马坪 (Mǎpíng)
* 馮坪 / 冯坪 (Féngpíng)
* 騾坪 / 骡坪 (Luópíng)
* 高坪 (Gāopíng)
* 龍坪 / 龙坪 (Lóngpíng)
* 龍潭坪 / 龙潭坪 (Lóngtánpíng)
* 龍舟坪 / 龙舟坪 (Lóngzhōupíng)

### References

* “坪”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “坪”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 178.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 坪 |
| Kyūjitai | 坪󠄁 坪+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 坪󠄃 坪+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: びょう (byō)
* Kan-on: へい (hei)
* Kun: つぼ (tsubo, 坪, Jōyō)

##### Usage notes

The on'yomi are not used in modern Japanese.

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 坪
* つぼ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Cognate with 壺 (tsubo, “basin”). The current meaning related to area arose from the way a surrounded area with the base or floor lower than the circumference looks like a basin.
Although the reading is different, this areal measurement meaning for 坪 is shared in common with the terms 평 (坪, pyeong) in Korean and 坪 (pe$^5$) in Taiwanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つぼ [tsùbó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨbo̞]

#### Noun

坪(つぼ) • (tsubo)
* a unit of areal measure, traditionally a square six 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese unit of length, roughly equivalent to the English foot) per side, equivalent to the area covered by two standard-sized tatami mats. In modern usage, standardized at 3.306 square metres.

### References

* ↑ “坪”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 坪 (MC bjaeng). Recorded as Middle Korean 펴ᇰ (phyeng) (Yale: phyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 坪 (eumhun 들 평 (deul pyeong))
* hanja form of 평 (“Pyeong, a traditional unit of measurement”)
* hanja form of 평 (“plain; flatland; level ground; terrace”)

#### Compounds

* 평당 (坪當, pyeongdang)
* 평수 (坪數, pyeongsu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

坪: Hán Nôm readings: bình
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation