# 墾

| 墾 | U+58BE, &#22718; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58BE |
| ← 墽 [U+58BD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 墿 → [U+58BF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

墾 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 月女土 (BVG), four-corner 2710$_4$, composition ⿱貇土)

#### Derived characters

* 𡓚 𮒰

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 240, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5509
* Dae Jaweon: page 479, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 492, character 4
* Unihan data for U+58BE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 艱 | *krɯːn |
| 齦 | *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn |
| 眼 | *ŋrɯːnʔ |
| 蛝 | *ɡrɯːn |
| 限 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 硍 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 豤 | *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn |
| 詪 | *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns |
| 根 | *kɯːn |
| 跟 | *kɯːn |
| 珢 | *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn |
| 艮 | *kɯːns |
| 茛 | *kɯːns |
| 墾 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 懇 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 垠 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn |
| 泿 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn |
| 痕 | *ɡɯːn |
| 拫 | *ɡɯːn |
| 鞎 | *ɡɯːn |
| 很 | *ɡɯːnʔ |
| 恨 | *ɡɯːns |
| 銀 | *ŋrɯn |
| 檭 | *ŋrɯn |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kěn (ken$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): han$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khién
    (Hailu, HRS): kien$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kên$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kōng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kyng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khún
    (Teochew, Peng'im): keng$^2$ / kiang$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kěn
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kěn
*** Wade–Giles: kʻên$^3$
*** Yale: kěn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keen
*** Palladius: кэнь (kɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰən²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: han$^2$
*** Yale: hán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: han$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khién
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰien²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kên$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰɛn³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kōng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰouŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kyng$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kṳ̂ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰyŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kyng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰyŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
*** Tâi-lô: khún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quon
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: keng$^2$ / kiang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ́ng / khiáng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɯŋ⁵²/, /kʰiaŋ⁵²/
* keng2 - Chaozhou, Chenghai, Raoping, Shantou;
* kiang2 - Chaoyang, Jieyang.
* Middle Chinese: khonX
Rime :
| Character | 墾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 痕 (53) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 康很切 |
| Baxter | khonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kěn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | han$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːnʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 墾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3930 |
| Phonetic component | 艮 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 墾 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰɯːnʔ/ |

### Definitions

墾
* to cultivate; to reclaim wasteland
* to till; to plow

### Compounds

* 墾地 / 垦地 (kěndì)
* 墾殖 / 垦殖 (kěnzhí)
* 墾田 / 垦田
* 墾荒 / 垦荒 (kěnhuāng)
* 墾闢 / 垦辟
* 屯墾 / 屯垦 (túnkěn)
* 山田燒墾 / 山田烧垦
* 排水開墾 / 排水开垦
* 濫墾 / 滥垦
* 耕墾 / 耕垦
* 農墾 / 农垦 (nóngkěn)
* 開墾 / 开垦 (kāikěn)
* 鹽墾 / 盐垦

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to till, to plough
* to cultivate; to reclaim wasteland

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
* Kun: ひらく (hiraku, 墾く)、たがやす (tagayasu, 墾す)、はる (haru, 墾る)

#### Compounds

* 墾(こん)田(でん) (konden, “newly cultivated field”)
* 墾(こん)化(か) (konka, “cultivation of land”)
* 墾(こん)芸(げい) (kongei)
* 墾(こん)荒(こう) (konkō, “reclaiming land”)
* 墾(こん)耕(こう) (konkō, “cultivation”)
* 墾(こん)鑿(さく) (konsaku, “plowing land and digging ditches”)
* 墾(こん)種(しゅ) (konshu, “plowing and cultivation”)
* 墾(こん)除(じょ) (konjo, “plowing/cultivating land”)
* 墾壌(こん) (konjō, “cultivation”)
* 墾(こん)殖(しょく) (konshoku, “plowing and cultivation”)
* 墾(こん)植(しょく) (konshoku, “same as 墾殖”)
* 墾(こん)耨(じょく) (konjoku, “clearing and pruning of land”)
* 墾(こん)草(そう) (konsō, “cultivation of grassland”)
* 墾(こん)発(ぱつ) (konpatsu, “cultivation”)
* 墾(こん)辟(ぺき) (konpeki, “cultivation”)
* 墾(こん)闢(ぺき) (konpeki, “cultivation”)
* 墾(こん)民(みん) (konmin, “settler, colonist”)
* 墾(はり)道(みち) (harimichi, “newly-cleared road”)
* 開(かい)墾(こん) (kaikon, “cultivation, clearing”)
* 耕(こう)墾(こん) (kōkon, “plowing and cultivation”)
* 鉏墾
* 新(しん)墾(こん) (shinkon, “reclaiming, cultivation”)
* 償墾
* 備墾
* 闢(へき)墾(こん) (hekikon, “cultivation”)
* 翻墾

## Korean
### Hanja

墾 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

墾: Hán Nôm readings: khẩn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.