# kos
## Translingual
### Symbol

kos
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kosraean.

## English
### Noun

kos (plural koses or kos)
* Alternative spelling of coss.

## Afar
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kos/ [kɔs]
* Hyphenation: kos

### Noun

kos m
* limp, lameness

#### References

* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔs/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kos (plural kosse, diminutive kossie)
* food

#### Usage notes

The diminutive singular is rarely used, while the diminutive plural, kossies, is more commonly found in language used for infants and small children.

#### Derived terms

* kitskos
* kosmenger

#### Related terms

* koste

## Albanian
### Etymology

From a South Slavic language, compare Old Church Slavonic квасъ (kvasŭ, “sour dough, sour drink”), archaic Serbo-Croatian квас (“yeast”), Slovene kvas (“yeast”). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *kvasъ (“leaven, fermented drink”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔs/

### Noun

kos m (plural kosë, definite kosi, definite plural kosët)
* yogurt

#### Derived terms

* kosaxhi

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kos”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 192

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkos]
* Rhymes: -os
* Homophone: koz

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech kos, from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

#### Noun

kos m anim (relational adjective kosí)
* blackbird

##### Derived terms

* kosí
* kosův
* kosáček
* kosák
* kosátko
* kose
* kosíček
* kosík

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

kos f
* genitive plural of kosa

#### Verb

kos
* second-person singular imperative of kosit

### Further reading

* “kos”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kos”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kos”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

### Anagrams

* sok

## Danish
### Noun

kos c
* indefinite genitive singular of ko

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔs/
* Hyphenation: kos
* Rhymes: -ɔs

### Noun

kos m (plural kossen, diminutive kosje n)
* Dialectal form of kus (“kiss”)

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkoːs/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

kos
* singular imperative of kosen

## Hausa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kôs/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [kʷâs]

### Noun

kôs m
* trump card

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries). Compare Turkish koç.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkoʃ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kos
* Rhymes: -oʃ

### Noun

kos (plural kosok)
* ram, tup (a male sheep)
    Hypernym: (sheep) juh
    Hyponym: (a castrated ram) ürü
    aranygyapjas kos ― golden-fleeced ram (from Greek mythology)
* tup (the head of a hammer, and particularly of a steam-driven hammer)

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ kos in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* kos in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

### Anagrams

* sok

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* kost

### Etymology

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“I stand firm (at a price)”). Compare to Malay kos (“cost”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔs]
* Hyphenation: kos

### Noun

kos (plural kos-kos)
* (colloquial) lodging
    Synonyms: indekosan, kosan, kos-kosan

### Verb

kos
* (colloquial) to rent a place to live or lodge
    Synonyms: berindekos, berkos, indekos, mengekos

### Derived terms

* berkos
* kos-kosan
* kosan
* mengekos

### Further reading

* “kos” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Lower Sorbian
### Noun

kos m anim
* Superseded spelling of kós.

#### Declension
## Malay
### Etymology

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“I stand firm (at a price)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kos]
* Hyphenation: kos
* Rhymes: -os

### Noun

kos (Jawi spelling کوس, plural kos-kos, informal 1st possessive kosku, 2nd possessive kosmu, 3rd possessive kosnya)
* cost

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* berkos [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* pengekosan

### References

* “kos” in Kamus Dewan Perdana, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2021, →ISBN, page 1159.
* “kos” in Kamus Bahasa Melayu Nusantara Edisi Kedua (‘Nusantara Malay Language Dictionary Second Edition’), Berakas: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, 2011, →ISBN, page 1421.

### Further reading

* “kos” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Middle High German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before 13th CE) /ˈkoːs̠/

### Verb

kōs
* first/third-person singular past indicative of kiesen

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From the verb kose.

#### Noun

kos m (definite singular kosen) (uncountable)
* cosiness (UK) or coziness (US)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

kos m
* hug, cuddle

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

kos
* imperative of kose

### References

* “kos” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From the verb kose.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuːs/

#### Noun

kos m (definite singular kosen, uncountable)
* cosiness (UK) or coziness (US)

##### Derived terms

* heimekos
* koseleg
* kosekveld
* peiskos

#### Adjective

kos
* cozy

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* kòs

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koːs/

#### Noun

kos f (definite singular kosa, indefinite plural kaser, definite plural kasene)
* a heap, a pile

### References

* “kos” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Spanish cosa and Portuguese coisa and Kabuverdianu kuza.

### Noun

kos
* thing

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɔs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔs
* Syllabification: kos
* Homophone: Kos

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

#### Noun

kos m animal
* blackbird, common blackbird, merle (Turdus merula)
    Synonym: kos zwyczajny

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

kos f
* genitive plural of kosa

### Further reading

* kos in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kos in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kôːs/

#### Adjective

kȏs (Cyrillic spelling ко̑с, definite kȏsī)
* slant, inclined, skew
* (grammar) oblique (of a case)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kôːs/

#### Noun

kȏs m (Cyrillic spelling ко̑с)
* blackbird

##### Declension
### References

* “kos”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “kos”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kóːs/

#### Adjective

kọ̑s (comparative [please provide], superlative)
* (archaic) slanted, inclined, skewed

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kóːs/

#### Noun

kọ̑s m inan
* piece

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3

From Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kóːs/

#### Noun

kọ̑s m anim
* blackbird

##### Inflection
### Further reading

* “kos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “kos”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Swedish
### Etymology

Doublet of kurs.

### Noun

kos c
* (in some expressions) course (often away)
    Tjuven flydde sin kosThe thief fled his course (fled)
    Fågeln flög sin kosThe bird flew its course (flew away)
    att styra sin kos någonstansto head towards some place [steer one's course somewhere]

#### See also

* kosa

### Noun

kos
* indefinite genitive singular of ko

### References

* kos in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* kos in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* kos in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* oks, sko

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology 1

From English cost.

#### Noun

kos
* cost

### Etymology 2

From English cause.

#### Noun

kos
* cause