# asam
## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* masam (chiefly dialectal)
* asem (colloquial, Java)

### Etymology

Inherited from Malay asam, masam, from Proto-Malayic *(ma-)hasəm, from earlier *ma-qalsəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma- + Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm. The sense “a chemical compound” is a semantic loan from Dutch zuur (“acid”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈasam/ [ˈa.sam]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -asam
* Syllabification: a‧sam

### Adjective

asam
* having a sour, acid, acidic, sharp or tangy taste
    Synonym: masam
* (figurative) sourfaced
    Synonyms: cemberut, masam
    Antonym: cerah
* (chemistry) acidic (of or pertaining to an acid)

### Noun

asam (plural asam-asam)
* tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
* sour
    Synonym: masam
* (chemistry) acid
    Synonym: (formal, rare) asid
** 2018, Rizal H., Bermula dari Makanan, PT Sandiarta Sukses, page 47:Ada yang kurang mudah tecerna, apabila makanan mengandung banyak asam, seperti buah yang belum masak.There are things that are less easy to digest, if the food contains a lot of acid, such as unripe fruit.

#### Usage notes

In Indonesian, there are three nearly identical terms of asam, asem, and masam. The word masam is mainly used for sourfaced sense. In the Standard Malay, the prevalent terms is masam with presence of asam as alternative form. The Standard Malay masam has similar senses as in Indonesia with exception of chemistry sense of acid which is asid in Standard Malay. Although asid is listed in Indonesian, it is rarely used.

### Derived terms

* asam-asaman
* asaman
* keasaman
* mengasam
* mengasami
* mengasamkan
* pengasam
* pengasaman
* seasam
* terasam
* asam abietat
* asam alfalinolenat
* asam alginat
* asam amino
* asam apel
* asam arakidat
* asam arakidonat
* asam arang
* asam aromatik
* asam asetat
* asam asetil salisilat
* asam asiatik
* asam askorbat
* asam asparagina
* asam aspartat
* asam azelat
* asam belerang
* asam benzoat
* asam bongkrek
* asam butirat
* asam cekala
* asam cuka
* asam dehidroaskorbat
* asam deoksiribonukleat
* asam dikarboksilat
* asam dilinoleat
* asam dokosaheksanoat
* asam eikosanoat
* asam eikosapentanoat
* asam fenol
* asam fitat
* asam folat
* asam folik
* asam format
* asam fulvat
* asam galat
* asam gama linolenat
* asam garam
* asam gelugur
* asam glukonat
* asam glukoronat
* asam glutamat
* asam hialuronat
* asam hidrosianat
* asam hipoklorit
* asam humat
* asam humus
* asam indol asetat
* asam isovalerat
* asam jawa
* asam jengkolat
* asam kafeat
* asam kandis
* asam kaprilat
* asam kaproat
* asam karbamat
* asam karboksilat
* asam karminat
* asam kawak
* asam keranji
* asam klorida
* asam kuat
* asam kumbang
* asam laktat
* asam lambung
* asam laurat
* asam lemah
* asam lemak
* asam linoleat
* asam linoleat terkonjugasi
* asam malat
* asam metil malonat
* asam metoroat
* asam miristat
* asam nikotinat
* asam nitrat
* asam nitrit
* asam nukleat
* asam oksalat
* asam oktanoat
* asam oleat
* asam organik
* asam orotat
* asam palmitat
* asam pangamat
* asam pantotenat
* asam paraaminobenzoat
* asam pedas
* asam pikrat
* asam piruvat
* asam ribonukleat
* asam salisilat
* asam samak
* asam sarkolaktik
* asam selong
* asam sendawa
* asam serotat
* asam siloaskorbat
* asam sinamat
* asam sitrat
* asam stearat
* asam sterkulat
* asam suberat
* asam sulfat
* asam sunti
* asam tanat
* asam taurokolat
* asam tokoferonat
* asam urat
* asam ursolat

### Further reading

* “asam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish asum.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Aran) IPA: /ˈɑsˠəmˠ/
* (Connemara, Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /ˈasˠəmˠ/

### Pronoun

asam (emphatic asamsa)
* first-person singular of as
    Ní fhuair siad freagra asam. ― They didn’t get an answer from me.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “asam”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “7 a”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938) Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, page 95
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “asam”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “asam”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Latin
### Noun

āsam
* accusative singular of āsa

## Latvian
### Adjective

asam
* dative masculine singular of ass

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *(ma-)hasəm, from earlier *ma-qalsəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma- + Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm.

### Adjective

asam (Jawi spelling اسم)
* sour
    Synonym: masam

### Noun

asam (Jawi spelling اسم, plural asam-asam, informal 1st possessive asamku, 2nd possessive asammu, 3rd possessive asamnya)
* sour foods
    asam garam ― sour salted foods

### Descendants

* Indonesian: asam
* → Min Nan: 亞森／亚森 (a-som, “tamarind”)

### Further reading

* “asam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Portuguese
### Verb

asam
* third-person plural present indicative of asar

## Satawalese
### Noun

asam
* door

### References

* Kevin M. Roddy, A Sketch Grammar of Satawalese, The Language of Satawal Island, Yap State, Micronesia (2007)

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish asum. Cognates include Irish asam and Manx assym.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈas̪əm/
* Hyphenation: a‧sam
* Rhymes: -am

### Pronoun

asam
* first-person singular of à: from me
    Cha d' fhuair iad freagairt asam. ― They didn't get an answer from me.

#### Inflection
### References

* Colin Mark (2003) “à”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 2

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈsam/ [ʔɐˈsam]
* Rhymes: -am
* Syllabification: a‧sam

### Noun

asám (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜋ᜔)
* longing; eager anticipation
    Synonym: pananabik

#### Derived terms

* aasam-asamin
* asam-asamin
* asamin
* pag-asam
* umasam

### Anagrams

* masa, amas, sama

## Tausug
### Pronunciation

* (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA: /ʔasam/ [ʔɑˈsam]
* Rhymes: -am
* Syllabification: a‧sam

### Noun

asam (Sulat Sūg spelling اَسَمْ)
* tamarind