# patior
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* patiō

### Etymology

Apparently denominative from Proto-Indo-European *ph₁-tós, participle of *peh₁- (“to hurt”), though this morphology would be highly irregular. Cognate with paene, paeniteō, pēnūria, Ancient Greek πῆμα (pêma), πηρός (pērós), Old English feond (“devil, enemy”) (English fiend), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian, “to blame”), Proto-Slavic *patiti (“to suffer, to fare misfortune”).
An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *pet- (“to fly, fall”), with semantic shift "to befall" > "to experience" > "to suffer".

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpa.ti.or/, [ˈpät̪iɔr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpat.t͡si.or/, [ˈpät̪ː͡s̪ior]

### Verb

patior (present infinitive patī, perfect active passus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent
* (transitive) to suffer, endure, tolerate
    Synonyms: tolerō, patiō, sufferō, subeō, perferō, perpetior, recipiō, accipiō, sinō, ferō, dūrō, sustineō, sustentō
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.157–158:tum patitur cultus ager et renovātur arātrōThat is when the field endures cultivation, and is renewed by the plough. [Note: This verse by the poet Ovid can endure a more figurative translation or permit a more literal reading of the word patitur.]
* (transitive) to allow, acquiesce, permit, submit
    Synonyms: permittō, admittō
    Patere lēgem quam ipse fēcistī / tulistī.Submit to the law which you yourself made / proposed.
* (intransitive) to exist, live
    Pati sine regnoTo live without a king.

#### Derived terms

* compatior
* passibilis
* passiō
* passus
* patibilis
* patiēns
* perpetior
* praepatior
* prōpatior

#### Related terms

* passīvus
* patientia

#### Descendants

* Old French: pader
* → Catalan: patir
* → French: pâtir
* → Occitan: patir
* →? Serbo-Croatian: patiti
Reflexes of an assumed variant *patīre:
* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: pãtsiri
** Romanian: păți
** → Proto-Albanian: *patjɔnit
*** ⇒ Albanian: pësoj
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: patire (see there for further descendants)
    Amasseno: paté
** Sicilian: patiri
*** → Maltese: bata
* North Italian:
** Istriot: padì
* Gallo-Romance:
** Occitan:
    Auvergnat: padir
    Vivaro-Alpine: [pådyi]
* Ibero-Romance:
** ⇒ Portuguese: padecer
** Old Spanish: padir ⇒ padescer
*** Spanish: padecer

### References

* 1 2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “patior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 450

### Further reading

* “patior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “patior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* patior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to suffer wrong: iniuriam ferre, pati to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati (ambiguous) to extend in breadth, in length: in latitudinem, in longitudinem patere (ambiguous) to have a wide extent: late patere (also metaphorically vid. sect. VIII. 8)
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “pati”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 8: Patavia–Pix, page 15