# rad

| ㎭ | U+33AD, &#13229; SQUARE RAD |
| ← ㎬ [U+33AC] | CJK Compatibility | ㎮ → [U+33AE] |

## Translingual
### Symbol

rad
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Rade.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Rade terms

## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ɹæd/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -æd

### Adjective

rad (comparative radder, superlative raddest)
* (slang, dated) Clipping of radical; excellent.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:awesome, Thesaurus:excellent
** 2002, Brent Goldberg, David Wagner, Van Wilder (motion picture), spoken by Wasted Guy (Aaron Paul):In the Guinness Book of World-fucking-Records, man… under "Raddest Fucking Dude Alive"!
** 2011, Diablo Cody, Young Adult (motion picture), spoken by Wheelchair Mike (John Forest):What is up, girly-friend? Holy shit, cuz. This is such a rad surprise.

#### Derived terms

* k-rad

#### Translations
### Noun

rad (plural rads)
* (metrology) A non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray.
    Synonym: (abbreviation) rd
    Coordinate term: gray
* A political radical.
** 1991 April 19, Penny Arcade, “The Real Thing”, in Gay Community News, page 8:The women who work in it with me are all feminists, they're all rads, two of them are black belts in karate...I mean, they're major women.
* Abbreviation of radian.
* (automotive, plumbing, slang) Abbreviation of radiator.
* (firearms, slang) Abbreviation of sight radius.

#### Derived terms

* rad-hard

#### See also

* deg
* grad
* mil

### Anagrams

* 'ard, -ard, -dar, ADR, ARD, Ard, DAR, DRA, Dar, Dra, RDA, ard, dar

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse rǫð, from Proto-Germanic *radō (“row”). Cognate with Norwegian rad and Swedish rad.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʁɑð]

#### Noun

rad c (singular definite raden, plural indefinite rader)
* row
* line
* string
* tier

##### Synonyms

* geled n
* række c

##### Derived terms

* rad og række

##### References

* “rad,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Etymology 2

Maybe the same word as the first one. However, Norwegian radd (“person”) speaks against this possibility.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʁɑð]

#### Noun

rad c (singular definite raden, plural indefinite rade)
* (obsolete) skeleton, carcass
** 1807, Jens Baggesen, Nye blandede Digte, p. 358.
    Hans Legem blev en Rad af Been, | Hvorpaa et Dødninghoved green. ("His body became a carcass of bones, on which a skull was grinning.")
** 1855, Poul Møller, Efterladte Skrifter, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 35
    Hans Krop ... | Den bad de Høgen pille, | Saa Raden blev til Rest. ("They let the hawk pick his body so that the skeleton was left.")
* (rare) person
** 2018, Mette Fog Pedersen, Lys og skygge: Betragtninger fra en sygeseng, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:I den Mygindske familie var der mindst lige så megen livfuldhed som på Store Hovgård. Den gamle Mygind var en lun rad, fuld af festlige historier og næsten altid omgivet af sine store hunde. Disse havde en meget familiær stilling i huset.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2017, Knud Andersen, Den blinde ørn, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:... tændt og skridtede frem og tilbage paa Halvdækket, sagde Hovgaard: „ Skipperen er en fin Navigatør, en første Klasses Sømand og sejler hende som en Jolle. Ham kan du lære noget af. Han er en lun Rad og „large“, selv om han er religiøs.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1887, Gerhard Holm, Den Danske konebaads-expedition til Grøonlands øostkyst:Morten, der snart viste sig at være en lun Rad, var heller ikke fri for at kure til Marie, naar de sad og plukkede Ryper eller Edderfugle sammen ude i Kjøkkenet, eller naar Morten havde Ordre fra Johanne til at staa og røre i Gryderne, medens ...(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1906, Dansk tidsskrift:Den, der paa Landet bliver en , lun Rad", en ,,tør" Bider, vilde i Byen blive en Spilopmager, der ikke vejer sine Udfald saa nøje, ikke tænker meget paa Følgerne, eller en ondskabsfuld Bagtaler.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Derived terms

* radmager
* rygrad

##### References

* “rad,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “rad,3” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

### Etymology 3

From English rad, abbreviated from radiation.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʁɑˀð]

#### Noun

rad c (singular definite raden, plural indefinite rad)
* rad (a non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray)

##### References

* “rad,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɑt/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑt
* Homophone: rat

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch rat, from Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-West Germanic *raþ, from Proto-Germanic *raþą, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.

#### Noun

rad n (plural raderen or (obsolete) raden, diminutive raadje n or radje n or radertje n)
* wheel
    Synonym: wiel
    het rad van fortuin ― the wheel of fortune

##### Usage notes

* Standard Dutch prefers wiel, though less so for stationary wheels, where both words are usual. In certain compounds only rad is common.

##### Derived terms

* molenrad
* radbraken
* raddraaier
* raderboot
* raderschip
* raderwerk
* radlijn
* radslag
* reuzenrad
* schoepenrad
* tandrad
* waterrad

##### Descendants

* → Papiamentu: rat, rad

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch rat, from Old Dutch *rath, *rad, from Proto-West Germanic *hraþ, *hrad, from Proto-Germanic *hradaz, *hraþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kret-.

#### Adjective

rad (comparative radder, superlative radst)
* quick, swift
    Synonyms: rap, snel, vlug, kwiek, gezwind, ras
    Zij is rad van tong.
       She has a sharp tongue.
** 2002, Feeks mist radde tong, in De Standaard online,
    Bitch is missing sharp tongue(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Declension
### Anagrams

* dar

## Haitian Creole
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣad/

### Noun

rad
* clothes

#### Synonyms

* abi
* lenj

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrat]
* Hyphenation: rad

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

rad (plural rad-rad)
* (metrology) rad, a non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray

### Etymology 2

From Dutch raad (“council”), from Middle Dutch râet, from Old Dutch rāt, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaz.

#### Noun

rad (plural rad-rad)
* (archaic) court
    Synonyms: dewan, majelis

### Further reading

* “rad” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Noun

rad m (invariable)
* (physics) rad (unit)
* (mathematics) radian

### Anagrams

* dar

## Lower Sorbian
### Alternative forms

* rady

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *radъ (“glad”). Cognates include Upper Sorbian rad, Polish rad, Czech rád, Old Church Slavonic радъ (radŭ), and Russian рад (rad).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rat/

### Predicative

rad (feminine rada, neuter rado, dual radej, plural raźi)
* happy/happily, glad/gladly
    To ja rad/rady cynim.I’m happy to do that. (male speaker)
    Mója žeńska to rada/rad/rady scyni.My wife will be happy to do that.
    Našo góle tam rado/rad/rady doženjo.Our child will be happy to go there.
    Tam woni raźi/rad/rady njechojźe.They don’t like going there.

#### Usage notes

The feminine, neuter, dual, and plural forms may optionally be used in agreement with the subject of the verb, or rad or rady may be used invariably.

## Middle English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rad/, /raːd/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English hræd, from Proto-West Germanic *hrad, from Proto-Germanic *hradaz. Compare rathe.

#### Alternative forms

* radde, rade
* red, ræd (Early Middle English)

#### Adjective

rad (plural and weak singular rade, comparative raddere, superlative raddest)
* quick, fast, speedy
* rash, hasty, angry
* eager

##### Descendants

* Scots: redd, red

##### References

* “rad(e, adj.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-30.

#### Adverb

rad
* quickly, speedily

##### Descendants

* Scots: redd, red

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Norse hræddr, past participle of hræða (“to frighten”).

#### Alternative forms

* raadd, radde, rade, redde

#### Adjective

rad
* afraid, scared, terrified, fearful

##### Descendants

* Scots: rad, radd, red, redd, rede

##### References

* “rad(e, adj.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-30.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse rǫð.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raːd/, /raː/

### Noun

rad f or m (definite singular rada or raden, indefinite plural rader, definite plural radene)
* a row
* (chess) rank

#### Derived terms

* på rad
* ryggrad

### References

* “rad” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [raːd], [raː], [ʁaːd], [ʁaː], [ɾaːd], [ɾaː]

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse rǫð.

#### Noun

rad f (definite singular rada, indefinite plural rader, definite plural radene)
* a row

##### Derived terms

* på rad
* ryggrad

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse hraðr, from Proto-Germanic *hradaz.

#### Adjective

rad (neuter radt, definite singular and plural rade, comparative radare, indefinite superlative radast, definite superlative radaste)
* fast
* straight

##### Derived terms

* radig

### References

* “rad” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɑːd/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *raidu. Cognate with Old Norse reið.

#### Noun

rād f
* journey, ride
* raid, expedition
** The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
    An. DCCLXXXVII Hēr nam Byrhtrīc cing Offan dohtor Ēadburge. ⁊ on his dagum cōman ǣrest III sċipa Norðmanna, ⁊ þā sē ġerēfa þǣr tō rād, ⁊ hīe wolde drīfan tō þǣs cinges tūne... Þæt wǣron þā ǣrestan sċipu Denisċra manna þe Angelcynnes land ġesōhte.Year 787 In this King Brightric kidnapped Offa's daughter Eadburg. And in those days came the first three Norse ships, intending to drive off the reeve and raid the king's town...Those were the first Danish ships to come to the land of the Angles.
* the runic character ᚱ (/r/)
** The Old English rune poem
    ᚱ byþ on recȳde rinca ġehwylċum / sēfte...Journey is easy for warriors in the hall...

##### Declension

Strong ō-stem:

##### Derived terms

* hranrād

##### Descendants

* Middle English: rode, rade, rod, rood, roode
** English: road
** Scots: raid
*** → English: raid, rade (Scotland)
**** → Spanish: raid
**** → French: raid
**** → Italian: raid
**** → Polish: rajd
**** → Romanian: raid
**** → Swedish: räd
** → Old French: *rade
*** Middle French: rade
**** French: rade
***** → Catalan: rada
***** → Italian: rada
***** → Spanish: rada

### Etymology 2

See ridan.

#### Verb

rād
* first/third-person singular preterite of ridan

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós. Cognates include Old English rēad, Old Saxon rōd and Old Dutch rōt.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈraːd/

### Adjective

rād
* red

#### Descendants

* North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: ruad
    Goesharde: ruud
    Halligen: ruad
    Heligoland: rooad
    Mooring: rüüdj
    Sylt: ruar
    Wiedingharde: ruuid
* Saterland Frisian: rood
* West Frisian: read

#### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

## Old High German
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *hrad, wheseence also Old English hræþ, Old Norse hraðr.

#### Adjective

rad
* fast

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *raþ, from Proto-Germanic *raþą, akin to Latin rota.

#### Noun

rad n
* wheel

##### Descendants

* German: Rad
* Yiddish: ראָד (rod)

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrat/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at
* Syllabification: rad

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish rad, from Proto-Slavic *radъ.

#### Adjective

rad (comparative bardziej rad, superlative najbardziej rad, no derived adverb)
* (dated) glad (pleased, happy, satisfied)

##### Usage notes

* All forms except the nominative are obsolete.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from New Latin radium.

#### Noun

rad m inan
* (chemistry) radium (chemical element with an atomic number of 88)

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from English rad.

#### Noun

rad m inan
* rad (unit of absorbed radiation dose)

##### Declension
### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

rad m inan
* Abbreviation of radian.

### Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

rad f
* genitive plural of rada

### Further reading

* rad in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* rad in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “rad”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rad]

### Verb

rad
* inflection of rade:
** first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** third-person plural present indicative

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *radъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /râd/

#### Adjective

rȁd (Cyrillic spelling ра̏д, comparative ràdijī)
* willing

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From ráditi (“to work”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /râːd/

#### Noun

rȃd m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑д)
* work

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

From English rad.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /râːd/

#### Noun

rȃd m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑д)
* rad (unit of absorbed dose of radiation)

##### Declension
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rat]

### Noun

rad m inan
* row
* (chess) rank

#### Declension
### References

* “rad”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *radъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rát/

#### Adjective

rȁd (comparative rȃjši, superlative nȁjrȃjši)
* liking or preferring something, having a positive attitude towards something

##### Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ráːt/

#### Noun

rȃd m inan
* (dated) gladness

##### Inflection
### Further reading

* “rad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse rǫð, from Proto-Germanic *radō (“row”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːd

### Noun

rad ?
* Abbreviation of radian.

### Noun

rad c
* A row; a line of entries in a table, or a line of objects
* A single horizontal row of text on a CRT screen, printed paper, etc.
* A line in a screenplay
* (colloquial) A (short) written letter(Can we add an example for this sense?)
* (chess) rank

#### Synonyms

* (line in screenplay): replik

### Anagrams

* dar, dra

## Veps
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian страда (strada). Related to Livvi ruado and Ludian ruad.

### Noun

rad
* work, labor, toil
* event

#### Declension
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raːd/

### Adjective

rad
* Soft mutation of rhad.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.