# rennen
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛ.nə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ren‧nen
* Rhymes: -ɛnən

### Etymology 1

A merger of two related verbs:
* Middle Dutch rinnen (“to flow, to run fast”), from Old Dutch *rinnan, from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną.
* Middle Dutch rennen (“to run/ride fast”), from Old Dutch *rennen, from Proto-Germanic *rannijaną.
Doublet with runnen (“to manage”).

#### Alternative forms

* rinnen (obsolete)
* runnen (mainly sense thicken)

#### Verb

rennen
* (intransitive, about people or animals) to run, to move fast

##### Synonyms

* (to move fast): hardlopen, lopen

##### Derived terms

* hondenren
* paardenren
* renbaan
* renkoekoek
* renner
* renspin
* wedren
* aanrennen
* achteraanrennen
* achternarennen
* achteroprennen
* afrennen
* berennen
* binnenrennen
* doorrennen
* gerennen
* heenrennen
* inrennen
* langsrennen
* losrennen
* narennen
* omhoogrennen
* omrennen
* omverrennen
* onderrennen
* ontrennen
* openrennen
* oprennen
* overhooprennen
* overrennen
* rondrennen
* samenrennen
* tegenrennen
* terugrennen
* toerennen
* uiteenrennen
* uitrennen
* voorbijrennen
* vooroprennen
* voortrennen
* vooruitrennen
* wegrennen

##### Descendants

* → Papiamentu: ren (dated)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

rennen
* plural of ren

## German
### Etymology

From a merger of transitive / causative Old High German rennan (“to make something run or flow”) (from Proto-Germanic *rannijaną), and intransitive Old High German rinnan (“to run or flow”) (from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną). A similar development of merging roots can be seen in Dutch rennen and English run as well.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʁɛnən]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ren‧nen
* Rhymes: -ɛnən

### Verb

rennen (irregular weak, third-person singular present rennt, past tense rannte, past participle gerannt, past subjunctive rennte, auxiliary haben or sein)
* (intransitive) to run; to race; to sprint (said of competing sportsmen, animals etc.) [auxiliary sein]
    So schnell wie Mike rennt niemand in der Klasse.In this class, nobody runs as fast as Mike.
    Der Gepard ist das Säugetier, welches am schnellsten rennen kann.The cheetah is the mammal which can run the fastest.
* (transitive) to run over (someone) [auxiliary haben]
    jemanden zu Boden rennen ― to run someone to the ground

#### Usage notes

Although laufen is used more frequently than rennen in the sense of to run, the latter is often used to describe running fast or to an excessive degree, like a hunting animal or a sprinter does.
    Die Sportler rannten alle sehr schnell. — The sportsmen all ran very fast. -but- Sie laufen, wie jeden Morgen, zu Fuß zur Schule. — They run (or jog) to school on foot, as they do every morning.

#### Conjugation

As a result of the merger of Old High German rinnan and rennan, the verb does follow the same ablaut-pattern as kennen but has regular endings in its preterite and past participle like other weak conjugated verbs.
$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Rennen n
* Renner m
* Rennerei f
* herabrennen
* hinaufrennen
* nachrennen
* überrennen
* vorrennen
* wegrennen
* zurückrennen

#### See also

* laufen
* rasen
* Raserei f

### Further reading

* “rennen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “rennen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “rennen” in Duden online
* “rennen” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Japanese
### Romanization

rennen
* Rōmaji transcription of れんねん

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

Cognate with German rennen, Dutch rennen, English run.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʀænən/
* Rhymes: -ænən

### Verb

rennen (third-person singular present rennt, past participle gerannt, auxiliary verb sinn)
* (intransitive) to run

#### Conjugation

(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

#### Synonyms

* (to run): lafen

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Partially from Old English rinnan, with variants from irnan, iernan, from Proto-West Germanic *rinnan, from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to flow, run”); partially from Old Norse rinna, renna (“to flow, run”), from the same Proto-Germanic source. Compare also Old English ġerennan (“to coagulate, curdle”).

#### Alternative forms

* renne, ren, rene, renen, reinen, reinnen, raine, rainen, runne, ronne, ronen, roun, ruine, herne
* rinne, rinnen, rin, rine, rinen (northern, northeast Midlands)
* erne, ernen, eorne, eornen, urne, urnen, uerne, hurnen (southern Midlands)
* eorne, eornen, urne, urnen, uerne, hurnen, irne, irnen, hirnen (southwest Midlands)
* heorne, eærne, earnæ (early southwest Midlands)
* eorne, eornen, urne, urnen, uerne, hurnen, irnen, hirnen (Early Middle English)

#### Verb

rennen (third-person singular simple present renneth, present participle rennende, rennynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative ran, past participle yrunnen, runnen, yrunne, runne)
* to run, go, move; to travel; to flee
* to ride (on horseback, on a chariot, etc.)
* to hasten
* to flow; pour forth, gush out
* to proceed, continue, carry on
* to pursue
* (of time) to pass, elapse
* to spread, become current
* to be in effect, be valid
* to coagulate, congeal
* to pierce, penetrate

##### Conjugation

$^1$ Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English. $^2$ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: run, rin
* Scots: rin
* Yola: rhin, rin

#### References

* “rennen, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From Old English ærnan and Old Norse, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *rannijaną (“to cause to run, flow”). Compare Middle Dutch rennen (“to run, ride fast”).

#### Alternative forms

* renne, arnen
* ærne, ærnen, eærne, hearne, earne, herne, erne (Early Middle English)

#### Verb

rennen (third-person singular simple present renneth, present participle rennende, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rende)
* to ride (transport oneself on horseback) swiftly

##### Conjugation

$^1$ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

#### References

* “rennen, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.