# yen
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɛn/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛn

### Etymology 1

From Medhurst and Hepburn’s romanizations, under the influence of earlier Portuguese romanizations, of Japanese 圓(えん) (en, “round; a round object”) as ye or yen, now 円(えん) (en), from Chinese 銀圓 / 银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”): 銀 / 银 (yín, “silver”) + 圓 / 圆 (yuán, “circular, round; yuan, yen, dollar”). Cognate with Chinese 元 (yuán, “monetary unit, especially RMB”) and Korean 원 (won, “North or South Korean won”). Doublet of won and yuan.

#### Noun

yen (plural yen)
* The unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen.
** 1872 February 24, “The Export of Rice”, in The Japan Weekly Mail: A Political, Commercial, and Literary Journal, volume III, number 8, Yokohama: ジャパンメール新聞社 [Japan Meru Shinbunsha], →OCLC, page 95, column 1:Passing by those clauses of it which demand no notice, we arrive at that which provides that "each proposal (for purchase) must state the price per picul of rice in gold yen." But why in gold yen, a coin as yet so scarce as to be almost beyond the ken of the foreign merchant?
** 1906 March 28, G[opal] K[rishna] Gokhale, “Budget Speech, 1906”, in Speeches of the Honourable Mr. G. K. Gokhale, C.I.E., Madras: Published by G[anapathi] A[graharam] Natesan & Co., Esplanade, published [1908], →OCLC, pages 171–172:Does any one however believe that Japan's glorious achievements would have been possible, if the Government of that country had merely poured money like water on its standing battalions, unaugmented by reserves, and the magnificent spirit of every man, woman and child in that country had not been behind the Army to support it? Japan's ordinary budget for the Army is only about 37.3 millions yen, or a little under six crores of rupees.
** 2011, Rei Kimura, chapter 7, in Japanese Orchid, [Bangkok?]: Bangkok Books, →ISBN, page 38:Taking the cue from his neighbours, Paul fed three 1000 yen notes into a machine beside the TV screen and the silent screen immediately exploded into a kaleidoscope of colours and instructions in Japanese below at least twenty pictures of sexy girls. […] Paul hesitated staring intently at the screen and the waiting girl while the 3,000 yen he had fed into the machine steadily dwindled at the rate of 50 yen a minute.
* A coin or note worth one yen.
** 2003, Richard Werner, “Preface”, in Princes of the Yen: Japan’s Central Bankers and the Transformation of the Economy, Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN:When banks lend, they create money out of nothing, without withdrawing it from other parts of the economy. This way, fiscal policy would not have crowded out private-sector activity yen by yen, as actually happened.

##### Synonyms

* JPY

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Origin uncertain, but probably from Cantonese 癮 / 瘾 (jan$^5$, “craving”) originally in reference to opium addiction, 煙癮 / 烟瘾 (jin$^1$ jan$^5$) or 菸癮 / 烟瘾 (jin$^1$ jan$^5$): 煙 / 烟 (jin$^1$), 菸 / 烟 (jin$^1$, “smoke, specifically opium”). Compare the later yen (“opium”) and yen-yen.

#### Noun

yen (plural yens)
* A strong desire, urge, or yearning.
    Synonyms: craving, desire, hankering, jones, longing, urge, yearning
    humankind's yen for knowledge
** 1934, Lew Levenson, chapter XX, in Butterfly Man, New York, N.Y.: Castle Books, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: Castle Books, [1960?], →OCLC, page 208:
    She repeated the words: "You for me and me for you," then hummed: "Two for tea and tea for two …" Her voice trailed off … "All I got is a yen for Diana and my sweet little cute little Zigzag."
** 1936 February, F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Crack-Up”, in Esquire‎:Like most middle-westerners, I have never had any but the vaguest race prejudices—I always had a secret yen for the lovely Scandinavian blondes who sat on porches in St. Paul but hadn’t emerged enough economically to be part of what was then society.
** 1955, J P Donleavy, The Ginger Man, published 1955 (France), page 342:And Clocklan with a nurse for sure again. Always with nurses. Always with blonde hair. His maid has black and I guess he thrives on variety. And over there are some elderly ones with diamonds on their chests in lieu of the other things. Sometimes have a yen to get one of them in bed. Old age no object.
** 1999, Natalie Angier, “Of Hoggamus and Hogwash: Putting Evolutionary Psychology on the Couch”, in Woman: An Intimate Biography, New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 382:If a fellow chooses to tell himself that his yen for the fetching young intern in his office and his concomitant disgruntlement with his aging wife's housekeeping lacunae make perfect Darwinian sense, who am I to argue with him?

##### Translations
#### Verb

yen (third-person singular simple present yens, present participle yenning, simple past and past participle yenned)
* (transitive) To have a strong desire for.
** [1876, F[rancis] K[ildale] Robinson, A Glossary of Words Used in the Neighbourhood of Whitby (Series C. Original Glossaries, and Glossaries with Fresh Additions; IV), London: Published for the English Dialect Society by Trübner & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill, →OCLC, page 227:Yenning, groaning, longing after.]
** 1953, Alfred Bester, “Who He?”, New York, N.Y.: Dial Press, →OCLC, page 205:"Listen, I'm in Tom Bleutcher's suite at The Brompton House. Been here the whole Almighty morning. Olga wants you to have lunch with us." / "Olga? Who's she?" / "His daughter. You made a big hit with her last time they was in town. Come on down." / "Get the new writer." / "I got no new writer. Anyway she yens for you. Come on down."
** 1992, Peter Jordan, “Acknowledgements”, in Re-Entry: Making the Transition from Missions to Life at Home, Seattle, Wash.: YWAM Publishing, →ISBN:C. S. Lewis warned, "The yen to publish is spiritually dangerous." The "yen" in this case is spread around, so perhaps the danger is diminished! This book has been "yenned" into existence by many, and is a two-team effort ….

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Mandarin 煙 / 烟 (yān), 菸 / 烟 (yān), or Cantonese 煙 / 烟 (jin$^1$), 菸 / 烟 (jin$^1$, “smoke, specifically opium”). Compare the earlier yen (“strong desire”) and later yen-yen.

#### Noun

yen (uncountable)
* (slang) Opium.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:opium

##### Derived terms

* yen-hok
* yen hop
* yen pok
* yen she
* yen shee
* yen siang
* yen sleep

### References

* ↑ W[alter] H[enry] Medhurst (1830) An English and Japanese, and Japanese and English Vocabulary: Compiled from Native Works, Batavia: [s.n.], →OCLC.
* ↑ J[ames] C[urtis] Hepburn (1867) A Japanese and English Dictionary: With an English and Japanese Index, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, →OCLC.
* ↑ “Yen”, in 世界大百科事典 [Sekai dai Hyakka Jiten = Heibonsha World Encyclopedia], volume III, Tokyo: Heibonsha, 2007, →OCLC.
* ↑ "yen, n.²", in the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* ↑ "yen, n.³", in the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

### Anagrams

* -yne, NYE, Ney, Nye, eny, ney, nye

## Bambara
### Adverb

yen
* there

#### See also

* yan

## Breton
### Etymology

Compare Welsh iâ.

### Adjective

yen
* cold
    An dour zo yen.The water is cold.

## Chinese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English yen, from Japanese 円 (en, “yen, circle”).

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): jen$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jen$^1$
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛːn⁵⁵/

### Noun

yen
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, colloquial) yen; Japanese monetary unit and coin

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 日元, 日圓, 日幣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 老日 argot |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 日元, 日幣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 日幣, 日元 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 日元, yen, 日本yen, 日yen, 日本紙 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 日票 |

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 円 (en, “yen, circle”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɛn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: yen
* Rhymes: -ɛn

### Noun

yen m (plural yens)
* yen, Japanese monetary unit and coin

## French
### Etymology

From Japanese.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɛn/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: hyène (hyène can have aspirate or mute h, whereas yen is always "aspirate")

### Noun

yen m (plural yens)
* yen (currency)

### Further reading

* “yen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Ido
### Etymology 1

From Esperanto jen, from German jener.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɛn/

#### Interjection

yen
* look here, behold, lo
    Yen la volfo!Here is the wolf!, Look, the wolf!

#### Conjunction

yen
* here is, there is
    Yen (hike) me.Here I am.

##### Synonyms

* yen hike
* yen ibe

#### Preposition

yen
* here is
    Yen (ke) la treno arivas!Here comes the train!

##### Synonyms

* yen ke

#### Derived terms

* yena
* yene

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 円.

#### Noun

yen (plural yen)
* (money) yen (Japanese currency)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From the influence of earlier Portuguese romanizations, of Japanese 圓 (“round; a round object”) as ye or yen, now 円 (en), from Chinese 銀圓 / 银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”): 銀 / 银 (yín, “silver”) + 圓 / 圆 (yuán, “circular, round; yuan, yen, dollar”). Cognate with Chinese 元 (yuán, “monetary unit, especially RMB”) and Korean 원 (won, “North or South Korean won”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɛn/, /jen/
* Hyphenation: yèn

### Noun

yen (plural yen-yen)
* yen, the unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen

### References

* ↑ “Yen”, in 世界大百科事典 [Sekai dai Hyakka Jiten = Heibonsha World Encyclopedia], volume III, Tokyo: Heibonsha, 2007, →OCLC.

### Further reading

* “yen” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

yen
* Rōmaji transcription of 𛀁ん

## Koko-Bera
### Pronoun

yen (accusative yintéw, dative yintéw)
* you; second person singular pronoun, nominative case

### References

* Paul Black (2008) “Pronominal Accretions in Pama-Nyungan”, in Claire Bowern, Bethwyn Evans, Luisa Miceli, editors, Morphology and Language History (in Koko-Bera), →ISBN

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

yen m (plural yenen)
* yen

### References

* “yen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Spanish lleno.

### Adjective

yen
* full

## Paraujano
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjen/
* Rhymes: -en
* Syllabification: yen

### Noun

yen (alienable)
* viper

### References

* Álvarez, José, Bravo, María (2008) “yen”, in Diccionario básico de la lengua añú [Basic dictionary of the Añú language]‎, Maracaibo, Venezuela: University of Zulia, →ISBN, page 108.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English yen or French yen.

### Noun

yen m (plural yeni)
* yen (currency)

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 円 (en).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʝen/ [ˈɟ͡ʝẽn]
* IPA: (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʝen/ [ˈɟ͡ʝẽn]
* IPA: (Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈjen/ [ˈjẽn]
* Rhymes: -en

### Noun

yen m (plural yenes)
* yen

### Further reading

* “yen”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish یك (yeñ, “sleeve”), from Proto-Turkic *yeŋ (“sleeve”).
* Azerbaijani yen
* Bashkir ең (yeñ)
* Chuvash ҫанӑ (śană)
* Crimean Tatar yeñ, енъ
* Gagauz en
* Karachay-Balkar женг (jeñ), дженг (ceñ)
* Karaim йин
* Karakhanid یَنكْ (yeŋ)
* Kazakh жең (jeñ)
* Khakas нің (nìñ)
* Kumyk енг (yeñ)
* Kyrgyz жен (jen)
* Salar yiñ
* Southern Altai јеҥ (ǰeŋ), дженг (dženg)
* Tatar җиң (ciñ), ciñ
* Turkmen ýeň
* Tuvan чең (çeñ)
* Uyghur يەڭ (yeng)
* Uzbek yeng
* Yakut сиэх (sieq)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjen/
* Hyphenation: yen

#### Noun

yen (definite accusative yeni, plural yenler)
* sleeve (part of a garment that covers the arm)
    Kısa yenli bir gömlek. ― A shirt with short sleeves.

### Etymology 2

From English yen.

#### Noun

yen (definite accusative yeni, plural yenler)
* yen (Japanese currency)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

yen
* second-person singular imperative of yenmek

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “یڭ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2205
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “یڭ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1353
* ↑ Şemseddin Sâmi (1899–1901) “یڭ”, in قاموس تركی [kamus-ı türki] (in Ottoman Turkish), Constantinople: İkdam Matbaası, page 1550
* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yéŋ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 940
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jegn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yen¹”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “yen”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “yen¹”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5288

## Volapük
### Etymology

From Japanese 円 (en).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jen]

### Noun

yen (nominative plural yens)
* yen

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

## Zhuang
### Etymology

From Mandarin 縣／县 (xiàn).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /jeːn˧˥/
* Tone numbers: yen$^5$
* Hyphenation: yen

### Noun

yen (1957–1982 spelling yen)
* county