# 豆

| 豆 | U+8C46, &#35910; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C46 |
| ← 豅 [U+8C45] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 豇 → [U+8C47] |
| ⾖ | U+2F96, &#12182; KANGXI RADICAL BEAN |
| ← ⾕ [U+2F95] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾗ → [U+2F97] |

## Translingual
### Han character

豆 (Kangxi radical 151, 豆+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿 (MRT), four-corner 1010$_8$, composition ⿱𠮛䒑)
* Kangxi radical #151, ⾖.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/豆
* 侸, 哣, 㛒, 㤱, 浢, 逗, 梪, 脰, 䄈, 短, 裋, 䛠, 鋀, 餖(饾), 䱏
* 剅, 郖, 㪷, 㰯, 毭, 頭, 㐙, 壴, 荳, 登, 壹, 䇺, 㢄, 痘, 䖒
* 𭎞, 𭐞, 𢭃, 𤞟, 𨹜, 𭴧, 𪻡, 𥆖, 𥺉, 𬗖, 𧻿, 𨁋, 𮝒, 𫑶, 𩊪, 𪏄
* 𰃛, 𭔰, 𣪌, 𧡀, 𪁞, 𡘰, 𪲓, 𥥷, 𪉣, 𭅋, 𫔡, 𩰒, 𡇧

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1191, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36245
* Dae Jaweon: page 1654, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3565, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8C46

## Chinese

* 豆 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 豆 (器皿) (Written Standard Chinese)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 豆 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 侸 | *toː |
| 剅 | *toː, *roː |
| 郖 | *toː, *doːs |
| 鬪 | *toːs |
| 鋀 | *tʰoː |
| 頭 | *doː |
| 豆 | *doːs |
| 逗 | *doːs, *dos |
| 痘 | *doːs |
| 梪 | *doːs |
| 脰 | *doːs |
| 荳 | *doːs |
| 浢 | *doːs |
| 餖 | *doːs |
| 毭 | *doːs |
| 豎 | *djoʔ |
| 裋 | *djoʔ |
| 短 | *toːnʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – some kind of container. Borrowed phonetically for the plant name. Displaced Old Chinese 菽 (shū). Unrelated to the bottom part of 豊.

### Etymology

Derived from 頭 (OC *doː), ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *du (“head”) (STEDT).
"Soybean > bean" is possibly the same word as "round vessel" (Unger, 1984)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dòu (dou$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dou$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): dōu
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): dōu
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dau$^6$ / dau$^{6-2}$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): daau$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): eu$^5$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): dau$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): teu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thèu
    (Hailu, HRS): teu$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): têu$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dou$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): dē
* Eastern Min (BUC): dâu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dao$^5$ / dieo$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tāu / tiō / tō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dao$^7$ / dou$^6$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): dao$^1$ / deu$^7$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): dau$^6$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$deu / $^6$doe / $^6$de / $^6$dei
** (Jinhua): $^6$dieu
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou$^5$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): ddieu$^5$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): dou$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòu
*** Wade–Giles: tou$^4$
*** Yale: dòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow
*** Palladius: доу (dou)
*** Sinological IPA : /toʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòur
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòur
*** Wade–Giles: tou$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dòur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dowl
*** Palladius: доур (dour)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: dou$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dou
*** Sinological IPA : /təu²¹³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: dōu
*** Sinological IPA : /tɤu⁵⁵/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: dōu
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): dou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /təɯ⁴⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dau$^6$ / dau$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: dauh / dáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dau$^6$ / dau$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deo$^6$ / deo$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐu̯²²/, /tɐu̯²²⁻³⁵/
* dau6 - used in compounds;
* dau6-2 - used as a standalone noun.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit豆 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tou⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /tou⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /tou⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /tou²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tou⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /tou³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /tou⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /tɯ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /təu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /tou¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /tɤu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /təu³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /təu¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /təu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /təu²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /təɯ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /tɯ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /təu⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /təu³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /təu⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /dɤ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /dɤ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /dei¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /dɤu²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰiu²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /tʰiu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /təu⁵⁵/ /təu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /dəɯ²¹/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰɛu²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰeu⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʰeu⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tɐu²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /tɐu²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /tɐu²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tɔ²²/ /tau²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tɑu²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /te⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tau³¹/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔdau²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: duwH
Rime :
| Character | 豆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 田候切 |
| Baxter | duwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dəu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dəu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /du$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N.t]ˤo-s/, /*[d]ˤok-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*doːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 豆 | 豆 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dòu | dòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ duw$^H$ › | ‹ duw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[N.t]ˁo-s/ | /*[d]ˁok-s/ |
| English | bean | vessel with a neck |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 豆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2466 |
| Phonetic component | 豆 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*doːs/ |

### Definitions

豆
* pod-bearing plant or its seeds; bean; pea (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 粒 m)
    綠豆／绿豆 ― lǜdòu ― mung bean
    蠶豆／蚕豆 ― cándòu ― fava bean
    豌豆 ― wāndòu ― pea
* bean-shaped object (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 粒 m)
    咖啡豆 ― kāfēidòu ― coffee bean
* (historical) stemmed shallow bowl on a round base, often with a lid and sometimes with handles, initially earthenware and used as a food container, later also made of wood or bronze and used to hold minced and pickled meats and vegetables and used in ritual sacrifice

### Compounds

* 伊豆半島 / 伊豆半岛 (Yīdòu Bàndǎo)
* 俎豆
* 兩豆塞耳 / 两豆塞耳
* 冷灰爆豆
* 凍豆腐 / 冻豆腐
* 刀切豆腐
* 吃豆腐 (chī dòufu)
* 四季豆 (sìjìdòu)
* 土豆 (tǔdòu)
* 大豆 (dàdòu)
* 大豆油
* 寸馬豆人 / 寸马豆人
* 小豆兒 / 小豆儿
* 山扁豆
* 山豆根 (shāndòugēn)
* 巴豆 (bādòu)
* 念豆兒佛 / 念豆儿佛
* 扁豆 (biǎndòu)
* 撒豆成兵
* 敏豆 (mǐndòu)
* 料豆兒 / 料豆儿
* 杏仁豆腐
* 梅豆
* 棧豆 / 栈豆 (zhàndòu)
* 榆瞑豆重
* 楬豆
* 槐豆
* 毛豆 (máodòu)
* 油炸豆兒 / 油炸豆儿 (yóuzhádòur)
* 澡豆
* 濱豇豆 / 滨豇豆
* 炒豆兒 / 炒豆儿
* 烏豆 / 乌豆
* 煮豆燃萁 (zhǔdòuránqí)
* 燃萁煮豆
* 狗豆子
* 瓜分豆剖 (guāfēndòupōu)
* 瓜剖豆分
* 甘納豆 / 甘纳豆
* 甜豆 (tiándòu)
* 發牙豆 / 发牙豆
* 白小豆
* 白豆兒佛 / 白豆儿佛
* 白豆蔻 (báidòukòu)
* 皇帝豆 (huángdìdòu)
* 目光如豆
* 相思豆
* 磨豆腐
* 稨豆 (biǎndòu)
* 種豆得豆 / 种豆得豆
* 簞食豆羹 / 箪食豆羹
* 籩豆 / 笾豆
* 糟豆腐
* 紅豆 / 红豆 (hóngdòu)
* 綠豆 / 绿豆 (lǜdòu)
* 綠豆皮兒 / 绿豆皮儿
* 綠豆稀飯 / 绿豆稀饭
* 綠豆糕 / 绿豆糕 (lǜdòugāo)
* 綠豆蠅 / 绿豆蝇
* 羅漢豆 / 罗汉豆 (luóhàndòu)
* 羽扇豆
* 老豆
* 老豆腐 (lǎodòufu)
* 肉豆蔻 (ròudòukòu)
* 胡豆 (húdòu)
* 臭豆
* 臭豆腐 (chòudòufu)
* 芻豆 / 刍豆
* 芽豆 (yádòu)
* 芝麻綠豆 / 芝麻绿豆 (zhīma lǜdòu)
* 荷蘭豆 / 荷兰豆 (hélándòu)
* 萁豆
* 菉豆 (lǜdòu)
* 菜豆 (càidòu)
* 菉豆眼
* 萹豆 (biǎndòu)
* 虎爪豆
* 蛾眉豆
* 蜜豆冰
* 蠶豆 / 蚕豆 (cándòu)
* 蠶豆症 / 蚕豆症 (cándòuzhèng)
* 觴豆 / 觞豆
* 豆乳 (dòurǔ)
* 豆乾 / 豆干 (dòugān)
* 豆兒大 / 豆儿大
* 豆剖
* 豆剖瓜分
* 豆嘴兒 / 豆嘴儿
* 豆大
* 豆姑娘
* 豆娘 (dòuniáng)
* 豆娘子
* 豆子 (dòuzi)
* 豆宣
* 豆干 (dòugān)
* 豆條 / 豆条
* 豆槐
* 豆汁 (dòuzhī)
* 豆沙 (dòushā)
* 豆油 (dòuyóu)
* 豆渣 (dòuzhā)
* 豆漺
* 豆漿 / 豆浆 (dòujiāng)
* 豆爽 (dòushuǎng)
* 豆瓣醬 / 豆瓣酱 (dòubànjiàng)
* 豆皮 (dòupí)
* 豆碹
* 豆秸灰
* 豆算
* 豆簽 / 豆签
* 豆粥
* 豆絲 / 豆丝
* 豆綠 / 豆绿 (dòulǜ)
* 豆羹
* 豆脯
* 豆腐
* 豆腐乳 (dòufurǔ)
* 豆腐乾 / 豆腐干
* 豆腐官
* 豆腐干
* 豆腐心
* 豆腐皮 (dòufupí)
* 豆腐腦 / 豆腐脑 (dòufunǎo)
* 豆腐衣
* 豆腐西施
* 豆腐飯 / 豆腐饭 (dòufufàn)
* 豆腐鯊 / 豆腐鲨 (dòufushā)
* 豆花 (dòuhuā)
* 豆芽 (dòuyá)
* 豆芽菜 (dòuyácài)
* 豆苗 (dòumiáo)
* 豆莢 / 豆荚 (dòujiá)
* 豆萁
* 豆萁之喻
* 豆萁相煎
* 豆萱
* 豆蓉
* 豆蒜
* 豆蔻 (dòukòu)
* 豆蔻年華 / 豆蔻年华 (dòukòuniánhuá)
* 豆蔻梢頭 / 豆蔻梢头
* 豆薯 (dòushǔ)
* 豆角 (dòujiǎo)
* 豆豉
* 豆豉油
* 豆象
* 豆醬 / 豆酱 (dòujiàng)
* 豆重榆瞑
* 豆雁
* 豆青 (dòuqīng)
* 豆餅 / 豆饼 (dòubǐng)
* 豆饌 / 豆馔
* 豇豆 (jiāngdòu)
* 豌豆 (wāndòu)
* 赤小豆 (chìxiǎodòu)
* 赤豆 (chìdòu)
* 跳豆
* 迸豆兒 / 迸豆儿
* 醬豆腐 / 酱豆腐 (jiàngdòufu)
* 野毛扁豆
* 野豌豆
* 銅豌豆 / 铜豌豆
* 鐵蠶豆 / 铁蚕豆
* 長豇豆 / 长豇豆
* 雲豆 / 云豆 (yúndòu)
* 青豆 (qīngdòu)
* 馬齒豆 / 马齿豆 (mǎchǐdòu)
* 麻婆豆腐 (mápó dòufu)
* 麻豆
* 黃豆 / 黄豆 (huángdòu)
* 黃豆芽 / 黄豆芽 (huángdòuyá)
* 黑豆

### Descendants

* → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *tʰuəᴮ¹
** Ahom: 𑜌𑜥 (thū)
** Khün: ᨳ᩠ᩅᩫ᩵
** Lao: ຖົ່ວ (thūa)
** Lü: ᦷᦏᧈ (ṫho¹)
** Northern Thai: ᨳ᩠ᩅᩫ᩵
** Phake: ထုဝ် (thuw)
** Shan: ထူဝ်ႇ (thò)
** Tai Dam: ꪖ꪿ꪺ (thua2)
** Tai Dón: ꪖꪺꫀ (tho2)
** Tai Nüa: ᥗᥨᥝᥱ (thǒw)
** Thai: ถั่ว (tùua)

### References

* “豆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* bean, legume

#### Readings

* Go-on: ず (zu, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
* Kun: まめ (mame, 豆, Jōyō)
* Nanori: ど (do)

#### Compounds

* 豆(とう)乳(にゅう) (tōnyū, “soy milk”)
* 豆(とう)腐(ふ) (tōfu, “tofu”)
* 小豆(あずき) (azuki, “azuki bean”)
* 豌豆(えんどう) (endō)
* 大(だい)豆(ず) (daizu, “soybean”)
* 納豆(なっとう) (nattō, “natto”)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 豆
* まめ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
⟨mame$_2$⟩ → /mame/
From Old Japanese, in turn from Proto-Japonic *mamay.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まめ [màméꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ma̠me̞]

### Noun

豆(まめ) • (mame)
* the pulses
* a bean
** 1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世(せ)界(かい)名(めい)作(さく)童(どう)話(わ)第(だい)５(ご)巻(かん)　ジャックと豆(まめ)の木(き) [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 5: Jack and the Beanstalk]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 120:ジャックは豆(まめ)の木をつたって、雲の上にのぼりました。Jakku wa mame no ki o tsutatte, kumo no ue ni noborimashita.Jack scrambled along the beanstalk, climbed up above the clouds.
* a pea
* a soybean

#### Derived terms

* 豆蔦(マメヅタ) (mamezuta)
* 豆(マメ)甘(ウマシ) (mameumashi), 豆(マメ)回(マワ)し (mamemawashi): Japanese grosbeak
* 蝗豆(イナゴマメ) (inago-mame)
* 隠元豆(インゲンマメ) (ingen-mame)
* 枝(えだ)豆(まめ) (edamame, “edamame”)
* 狸豆(タヌキマメ) (tanuki-mame)
* 蝶豆(チョウマメ) (chōmame)
* 鉈豆(ナタマメ) (natamame)
* 南京豆(なんきんまめ) (Nankin mame)
* 八升豆(ハッショウマメ) (hasshōmame)
* 藤豆(フジマメ) (fuji-mame)

#### Idioms

* 豆(まめ)を植(う)えて稗(ひえ)を得(え)る (mame o uete hie o eru, “to do something expecting good results, instead getting bad results”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 豆 (MC duwH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 뚜ᇢ〮 (Yale: ttwúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 두 (twu) (Yale: twu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [tu]
* Phonetic hangul: [두]

### Hanja

Wikisource 豆 (eumhun 콩 두 (kong du))
* hanja form of 두 (“bean”)

#### Compounds

* 녹두 (綠豆, nokdu)
* 대두 (大豆, daedu)
* 두류 (豆類, duryu)
* 두부 (豆腐, dubu, “tofu”)
* 두아 (豆芽, dua)
* 두유 (豆乳, duyu, “soy milk”)
* 두유 (豆油, duyu)
* 홍두 (紅豆, hongdu)
* 흑두 (黑豆, heukdu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

豆: Hán Nôm readings: đậu, dấu
* chữ Hán form of đậu (“bean”).

#### Derived terms

* 豆漿 (đậu tương)
* 豆腐 (đậu hủ)
* 豆芽 (đậu nha)
* 豆蔻 (đậu khấu)

### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Trần (2004).

## Zhuang
### Noun

豆
* Sawndip form of daeuh (“seaweed, algae”)

### Adjective

豆
* Sawndip form of daeuh (“green (as seaweed or algae)”)