# 正氣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhèngqì
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄑㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^3$ hei$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciáng-ké
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chèng-khì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zian$^3$ ki$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngqì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄑㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngcì
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$-chʻi$^4$
*** Yale: jèng-chì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqchih
*** Palladius: чжэнци (čžɛnci)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$正氣 / 正气 證訖 / 证讫
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^3$ hei$^3$
*** Yale: jing hei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^3$ hei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^3$ héi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ³³ hei̯³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciáng-ké
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(kʰ-)}$ŋɛi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-khì
*** Tâi-lô: tsìng-khì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeangqix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰi¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰi²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zian$^3$ ki$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàⁿ khì
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰi²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyengH khj+jH
Rime :
| Character | 正 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) | 微 (20) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 之盛切 | 去旣切 |
| Baxter | tsyengH | khj+jH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇŋ$^H$/ | /kʰɨi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛŋ$^H$/ | /kʰɨi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiæŋ$^H$/ | /kʰiəi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciajŋ$^H$/ | /kʰɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛŋ$^H$/ | /kʰiəi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛŋ$^H$/ | /kʰĭəi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ$^H$/ | /kʰe̯i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhèng | qì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^3$ | hei$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*teŋ-s C.qʰəp-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋs kʰɯds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 正 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhèng | qì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyeng$^H$ › | ‹ khjɨj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*teŋ-s/ | /*C.qʰəp-s/ |
| English | correct (adj., v.) | cloudy vapors |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 正 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 17178 | 10140 |
| Phonetic component | 正 | 气 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 政 | |
| Old Chinese | /*tjeŋs/ | /*kʰɯds/ |

### Noun

正氣
* healthy atmosphere; healthy tendency
* righteousness; moral courage; mettle (Classifier: 股 m)
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Nèi wéi xǐng yǐ duān cāo xī, qiú zhèngqì zhī suǒ yóu. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    From: Wen Tianxiang, Song of Righteousness (正氣歌)
    Tiāndì yǒu zhèngqì, zá rán fù liúxíng. [Pinyin]
    In the world there is the spirit of righteousness, taking many forms, bestowed on the everchanging things.
* (traditional Chinese medicine) vital energy

#### Derived terms

* 明公正氣 / 明公正气
* 浩然正氣 / 浩然正气

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 正気(しょうき) (shōki); 正気(せいき) (seiki)
* → Korean: 정기(正氣) (jeonggi)
* → Vietnamese: chính khí (正氣)