# κόπτω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Probably a yod-present formation from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)kop- (“to strike, to beat”) (though there is a chance that the word is a substrate borrowing). Compare Proto-Slavic *skopiti (“to castrate”).
Further cognate with Lithuanian kàpti (“to hew, fell”), kaplỹs (“hatchet”), Albanian kep (“to hew, chisel”), Proto-Slavic *kopàti (“to dig”), Old High German happa (“scythe”), English hatchet.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kóp.tɔː/ → /ˈkop.to/ → /ˈkop.to/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kóp.tɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈkop.to/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈkop.to/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈkop.to/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈkop.to/

### Verb

κόπτω • (kóptō)
* (transitive) to strike; cut; shake
** (transitive) to knock
*** 2022 May 18, Seumas Macdonald, chapter 5, in Linguae Graecae Per Se Illustrata‎:ἰδού, ἔστιν ἀνήρ πρὸς τῇ θύρᾳ. ἐκεῖνος οὖν κόπτει.idoú, éstin anḗr pròs têi thúrāi. ekeînos oûn kóptei.Look, there is a man by the door. He then knocks.

#### Derived terms

* κόμμα (kómma)
* (or related via the root:) κοπή (kopḗ), κοπίς (kopís)

#### Descendants

* Byzantine Greek: κόβω (kóbō)
** Greek: κόβω (kóvo)
* Mariupol Greek: ко́фту (kóftu)
* → Greek: κόπτω (kópto)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κόπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 748-9

### Further reading

* “κόπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κόπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “κόπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* κόπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* G2875 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* κόπτω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

## Greek
### Etymology

This form was a learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō) found in Katharevousa; compare the inherited doublet κόβω (kóvo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈko.pto/
* Hyphenation: κό‧πτω

### Verb

κόπτω • (kópto) (past έκοψα, passive κόπτομαι)
* (dated) Alternative form of κόβω (kóvo)

#### Conjugation

* See compounds
* See κόβω (kóvo)
* See the passive κόπτομαι (kóptomai)

#### Related terms

* απρόσκοπτος (apróskoptos, “unhindered”, adjective)
* καφεκοπτείο (kafekopteío)
* κοπτήρας m (koptíras, “incisor”)
* κοπτήριο n (koptírio)
* κόπτης m (kóptis, “cutter, wire cutter”)
* Κόπτης m (Kóptis, “Copt”)
* κοπτικός (koptikós)
* κοπτοράπτης m (koptoráptis)
* νυχοκόπτης m (nychokóptis)
* χαρτοκόπτης m (chartokóptis)
* χαρτοκοπτική f (chartokoptikí)
* χρονοδιακόπτης m (chronodiakóptis)
* and see: κόβω (kóvo)
* ανακόπτω (anakópto, “to halt”)
* αποκόπτω (apokópto, “to cut off, sever”)
* διακόπτω (diakópto, “to interrupt; terminate”)
* περικόπτω (perikópto, “to trim; slash”)
* προσκόπτω (proskópto, “to meet with difficulties”)
* συγκόπτω (sygkópto, “to shorten, abridge”)