# gáeth
## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* gaíth

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡaːi̯θ]

### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

gáeth
* wise
* intelligent

##### Inflection

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

##### Quotations

* c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 18$^c$6
    Is machthad limm a threte do·rérachtid máam fírinne et soscéli; .i. i⟨s⟩ súaignid nírubtar gaítha for comairli. Is dían do·rréractid maám ind ṡoscéli.I marvel how quickly you pl have abandoned the yoke of righteousness and [the] gospel; i.e. it is clear that your counsels have not been wise. It is swiftly that you have abandoned the yoke of the gospel.(literally, “it is a wonder to me its quickness that…”)

##### Derived terms

* do·gáetha

##### Descendants

* Irish: gaoth

### Etymology 2

Per MacBain, from Proto-Celtic *gaitā, deverbal from from *gai- (“to drive, storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to shake, move, agitate”), whence also gath (“dart, arrow, javelin; ray”). Cognate with Sanskrit हेड (heḍa, “agitation, anger”) and Old English gāst (English ghost), gār (“spear, dart”) and gād (“goad”).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Noun

gáeth f
* wind

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Quotations

* Verses in the St Gall Priscian
    Is acher in gaíth innocht fu·fuasna fairggæ findḟolt ni ágor réimm mora minn dond láechraid lainn ua Lothlind.Bitter is the wind to-night: it tosses the ocean’s white hair: I fear not the coursing of a clear sea by the fierce heroes from Scandinavia.

##### Derived terms

* gáethach

##### Descendants

* Irish: gaoth
* Manx: geay
* Scottish Gaelic: gaoth
* ⇒ Middle Irish: gáethamlacht
* ⇒ Middle Irish: gáethmar
** Irish: gaofar
** Scottish Gaelic: gaothar, gaothmhor

### Etymology 3

Uncertain. Perhaps attested in Primitive Irish ᚌᚐᚈᚈᚕᚌᚂᚐᚅ (gattea-glan, “(?)having clean water”).

#### Noun

gáeth m or f (genitive unattested, no plural)
* estuary

##### Descendants

* Irish: gaoth

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “gaoth”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN, page 188
* ↑ Ziegler, Sabine (1994) Alfred Bammesberger and Günter Neumann, editors, Die Sprache der altirischen Ogam-Inschriften [The language of the Old Irish Ogham inscriptions] (Historische Sprachforschung; Ergänzungsheft 36) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 183

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 gáeth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 gáeth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 gáeth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language