# 緊

| 緊 | U+7DCA, &#32202; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DCA |
| ← 緉 [U+7DC9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 緋 → [U+7DCB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

緊 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8 in Chinese, 糸+9 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸水女戈火 (SEVIF), four-corner 7790$_3$, composition ⿱臤糸)

#### Derived characters

* 𡁵, 𪷬, 𣝌, 𦤱, 𰫱, 𫉺, 𦃢

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 929, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27603
* Dae Jaweon: page 1367, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3410, character 8
* Unihan data for U+7DCA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 緊 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 臤 | *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins |
| 掔 | *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn |
| 慳 | *kʰriːn |
| 藖 | *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns |
| 堅 | *kiːn |
| 鋻 | *kiːn, *kiːns |
| 鰹 | *kiːn |
| 蜸 | *kʰiːnʔ |
| 菣 | *kʰiːns, *kʰins |
| 賢 | *ɡiːn |
| 礥 | *ɡiːn, *ɢrin |
| 臔 | *ɡiːnʔ |
| 挋 | *kiŋs |
| 臣 | *ɡiŋ |
| 茞 | *ɡiŋ |
| 腎 | *ɡjinʔ |
| 頣 | *hŋiŋʔ |
| 緊 | *kinʔ |
| 嚚 | *ŋɡriŋ |
| 鏗 | *kʰreːŋ |
| 摼 | *kʰreːŋ |
| 硻 | *kʰreːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kinʔ): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic 糸.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jǐn (jin$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gan$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gin$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kín
    (Hailu, HRS): gin$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gin$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jing$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gīng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kín
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ging$^2$ / gêng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$cin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^3$
*** Yale: jǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jin$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^2$
*** Yale: gán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kin⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jing$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gîng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín
*** Tâi-lô: kín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kin⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kin⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kin⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ging$^2$ / gêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kíng / kéng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵²/, /keŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cin
*** MiniDict: cin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kjinX
Rime :
| Character | 緊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居忍切 |
| Baxter | kjinX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kiɪn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kin$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kjen$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kin$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiĕn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭĕn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ĕn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jǐn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gan$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qi[n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kinʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 緊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jǐn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjin$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.qi[n]ʔ/ (I! no palatalization) |
| English | tight |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 緊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1346 |
| Phonetic component | 臣 |
| Rime group | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 緊 |
| Old Chinese | /*kinʔ/ |

#### Definitions

緊
* tense; tight; taut; tightly
    褲子太緊了。／裤子太紧了。 ― Kùzi tài jǐn le. ― These pants are too tight.
    把瓶口塞緊。／把瓶口塞紧。 ― Bǎ píngkǒu sāi jǐn. ― Stopper the bottle tightly.
    後車跟得太緊／后车跟得太紧 ― hòuchē gēn dé tài jǐn ― the car behind someone is following someone too closely
* firm; secure
* to tighten
    緊一緊腰帶／紧一紧腰带 ― jǐn yī jǐn yāodài ― to tighten the belt a little
* strict
       Tā bǎ zhàngfū de shōurù guǎn de hěn jǐn. [Pinyin]
       She strictly controls expenditure of her husband's income.
* pressing; urgent
* short of money; hard up
    最近手頭很緊。／最近手头很紧。 ― Zuìjìn shǒutóu hěn jǐn. ― I'm short of money recently.
* violent; heavy
    雨下得緊。／雨下得紧。 ― Yǔ xià de jǐn. ― It's raining quite heavily.
* critical; important
* (literary or Hokkien, Datian Min, Zhao'an Hakka, Wenzhounese) quick; rapid; quickly
    不緊不慢／不紧不慢 ― bùjǐnbùmàn ― not rushed and not slow; taking one's time
       I cháu liáu chin kín. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       He runs really fast.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 緊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 緊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 緊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 緊 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 緊, 衡 † |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 緊, 衡 † |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 緊 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 緊, 絚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 絚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 絚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 絚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 絚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 絚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 絚, 絚丹 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 絚 GT |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 絚 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 絚 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - only used for pulled objects as a resultative | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - only used for pulled objects as a resultative |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 疾 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 快, 快速, 迅速 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 快 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 快 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 快騰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 快 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 快 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 快 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 快 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 快 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 快, 快當, 快性 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 快 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 快, 快當 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 快 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 快, 𢜶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 快, 𢜶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 快, 𢜶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 快, 快脆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 快, 快脆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 快 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 快 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 快 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 快 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 快, 快脆 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 快脆 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 快 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 快 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 快 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 快 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 快 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 快 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 快 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 快 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 快 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 遽, 快 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 遽 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 遽, 快 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 䟐 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 急 |
| Hakka | Pinghe (Jiufeng) | 緊 |
| Hakka | Changting | 䟐 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 䟐 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 遽, 䟐 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 䟐 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 快 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 遽 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 快, 䟐 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 快 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 遽 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 遽 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 遽 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 遽, 拚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 遽 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 緊 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 快 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 遽 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 猛 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 猛 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 猛 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 快 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 快 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 快 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 快 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 快 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 快, 猛 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 快 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 快 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 快 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 快 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 猛, 緊 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 猛, 兇 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 緊, 猛, 快 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 快 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 緊 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 猛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 猛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 猛 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 猛 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 猛 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 猛 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 猛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 猛 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 猛 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 猛, 快 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 猛 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 快 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 猛 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 緊 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 緊 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 烈 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 烈 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 快, 快當 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 快 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 快 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 快 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 快 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 快 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 快 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 快 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 快 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 快 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 快 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 快, 𢜶 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 快 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 快, 𢜶 |
| Wu | Danyang | 快, 𢜶 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 快 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 快 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 快, 緊 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 快 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 快, 快迅 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 快, 快迅 |

#### Compounds

* 上緊 / 上紧 (shàngjǐn)
* 不大緊 / 不大紧
* 不打緊 / 不打紧
* 不緊 / 不紧
* 不要緊 / 不要紧 (bùyàojǐn)
* 不關緊要 / 不关紧要
* 加緊 / 加紧 (jiājǐn)
* 勒緊 / 勒紧
* 勒緊褲帶 / 勒紧裤带 (lēijǐn kùdài)
* 口緊 / 口紧 (kǒujǐn)
* 吃緊 / 吃紧 (chījǐn)
* 咬緊 / 咬紧
* 咬緊牙關 / 咬紧牙关 (yǎojǐnyáguān)
* 嘴緊 / 嘴紧 (zuǐjǐn)
* 嚴緊 / 严紧 (yánjǐn)
* 夜緊 / 夜紧
* 夾緊 / 夹紧
* 密鑼緊鼓 / 密锣紧鼓 (mìluójǐngǔ)
* 手緊 / 手紧 (shǒujǐn)
* 打甚麼緊 / 打甚么紧
* 打緊 / 打紧 (dǎjǐn)
* 打緊板 / 打紧板
* 扣緊 / 扣紧
* 抓緊 / 抓紧 (zhuājǐn)
* 拘緊 / 拘紧
* 收緊 / 收紧 (shōujǐn)
* 敢緊 / 敢紧
* 月黑風緊 / 月黑风紧
* 有緊沒要 / 有紧没要
* 有要沒緊 / 有要没紧
* 束緊 / 束紧
* 沒緊要 / 没紧要
* 沒要緊 / 没要紧
* 淒緊 / 凄紧
* 無關緊要 / 无关紧要 (wúguānjǐnyào)
* 牙關緊閉 / 牙关紧闭
* 甚麼打緊 / 甚么打紧
* 當緊 / 当紧
* 皮鬆肉緊 / 皮松肉紧
* 瞅緊 / 瞅紧
* 第一要緊 / 第一要紧
* 箍緊 / 箍紧
* 緊七慢八 / 紧七慢八
* 緊不緊 / 紧不紧
* 緊仔 / 紧仔
* 緊俏 / 紧俏 (jǐnqiào)
* 緊促 / 紧促 (jǐncù)
* 緊切 / 紧切
* 緊包程 / 紧包程
* 緊嚴 / 紧严
* 緊壓茶 / 紧压茶
* 緊守 / 紧守
* 緊密 / 紧密 (jǐnmì)
* 緊差緊做 / 紧差紧做
* 緊巴巴 / 紧巴巴
* 緊張 / 紧张 (jǐnzhāng)
* 緊張不安 / 紧张不安
* 緊張大師 / 紧张大师
* 緊張理論 / 紧张理论
* 緊張病 / 紧张病
* 緊急 / 紧急 (jǐnjí)
* 緊急命令 / 紧急命令
* 緊急狀態 / 紧急状态 (jǐnjí zhuàngtài)
* 緊急處分 / 紧急处分
* 緊急警報 / 紧急警报
* 緊手 / 紧手
* 緊打慢敲 / 紧打慢敲
* 緊接 / 紧接 (jǐnjiē)
* 緊接著 / 紧接著
* 緊湊 / 紧凑 (jǐncòu)
* 緊溜 / 紧溜
* 緊溜兒的 / 紧溜儿的
* 緊溜子裡 / 紧溜子里
* 緊用項 / 紧用项
* 緊等 / 紧等
* 緊箍兒 / 紧箍儿
* 緊箍咒 / 紧箍咒 (jǐngūzhòu)
* 緊簇 / 紧簇
* 緊綁綁 / 紧绑绑
* 緊緊 / 紧紧 (jǐnjǐn)
* 緊縮 / 紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
* 緊繃 / 紧绷 (jǐnbēng)
* 緊繃繃 / 紧绷绷
* 緊缺 / 紧缺 (jǐnquē)
* 緊自 / 紧自
* 緊著 / 紧著
* 緊襯 / 紧衬
* 緊要 / 紧要 (jǐnyào)
* 緊要處 / 紧要处
* 緊要關頭 / 紧要关头 (jǐnyào guāntóu)
* 緊記 / 紧记 (jǐnjì)
* 緊話 / 紧话
* 緊跟 / 紧跟 (jǐngēn)
* 緊身兒 / 紧身儿 (jǐnshēnr)
* 緊身衣 / 紧身衣 (jǐnshēnyī)
* 緊身褡 / 紧身褡
* 緊迫 / 紧迫 (jǐnpò)
* 緊迫盯人 / 紧迫盯人
* 緊追 / 紧追
* 緊追不捨 / 紧追不舍
* 緊追權 / 紧追权
* 緊那羅 / 紧那罗 (jǐnnàluó)
* 緊鄰 / 紧邻 (jǐnlín)
* 緊鎖 / 紧锁
* 緊鑼密鼓 / 紧锣密鼓 (jǐnluómìgǔ)
* 緊閉 / 紧闭 (jǐnbì)
* 緊關裡 / 紧关里
* 緊防 / 紧防
* 縛緊 / 缚紧
* 繃緊 / 绷紧 (bēngjǐn)
* 縮緊 / 缩紧 (suōjǐn)
* 老緊 / 老紧
* 著緊 / 著紧
* 要緊 / 要紧 (yàojǐn)
* 貼緊 / 贴紧
* 赤緊的 / 赤紧的
* 趕緊 / 赶紧 (gǎnjǐn)
* 通貨緊縮 / 通货紧缩 (tōnghuò jǐnsuō)
* 遒緊 / 遒紧
* 逼緊 / 逼紧
* 關緊 / 关紧
* 雙眉緊鎖 / 双眉紧锁
* 風聲緊 / 风声紧
* 鬆緊帶 / 松紧带 (sōngjǐndài)

### Etymology 2

Possibly from earlier 近處／近处 (gan6-2 cyu3, gan6-2 syu3, “future marker expressing the imminent aspect”) (Kataoka, 2018).

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gan$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gin$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kín
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^2$
*** Yale: gán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kin⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin³¹/

#### Definitions

緊
* (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Nanning Pinghua) Grammatical particle used to express progressive aspect (an ongoing activity) which may undergo a change of state. Similar to the -ing form in English.
    我讀緊書。／我读紧书。 [Cantonese] ― ngo$^5$ duk$^6$ gan$^2$ syu$^1$. [Jyutping] ― I am attending school.
       keoi$^5$ zoek$^3$ gan$^2$ saam$^1$. [Jyutping]
       He/she is putting clothes on.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 著 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 著 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 著 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 著 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 著 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 著 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 著 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 著 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 著 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 著 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 倒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 倒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 倒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 倒, 穩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 著 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 緊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 緊 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 緊 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 倒 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 等 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 等 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 等 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 等 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 緊 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 等 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 緊 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 著 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 緊 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勒海, 勒該 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 勒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 的, 該, 當, 東, 仔, 勒眼 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 底, 的 rare, 該, 當, 仔, 勒眼 |

#### See also

* (Cantonese) 住 (zyu6)

### References

* “緊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “緊”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* tense, tight (かたい, しめる, ちぢむ)
* urgent, pressing (きびしい)

#### Readings

* Go-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
* Kun: かたい (katai, 緊い)、ちぢむ (chijimu, 緊む)、しめる (shimeru, 緊める)、きびしい (kibishii, 緊しい)、きつい (kitsui, 緊い)

#### Compounds

* 緊急(きんきゅう) (kinkyū)
* 緊縮(きんしゅく) (kinshuku)
* 緊張(きんちょう) (kinchō)
* 緊縛(きんばく) (kinbaku)
* 緊迫(きんぱく) (kinpaku)
* 緊密(きんみつ) (kinmitsu)

### References

* ↑ “緊”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

緊 (eumhun 굳게 얽힐 긴 (gutge eolkil gin))
* hanja form of 긴 (“tense, tight, taut”)
* hanja form of 긴 (“firm, secure”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

緊: Hán Nôm readings: khẩn, lẳm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation