# اشك
## Arabic
### Verb

اُشْكُ • (ušku) (form I) /uʃ.ku/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of شَكَا (šakā)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *eĺčgek (“donkey”); cognate with Azerbaijani eşşək, Bashkir ишәк (işək), Chuvash ашак (aš̬ak), Kazakh есек (esek), Kyrgyz эшек (eşek), Tatar ишәк (işäk), Turkmen eşek, Uyghur ئىشەق (isheq) and Uzbek eshak.

#### Noun

اشك • (eşek) (definite accusative اشكی (eşeği), plural اشكلر (eşekler))
* donkey, ass a domesticated animal of the species Equus asinus asinus which is similar to a horse
    Synonyms: حمار (himar), خر (har), مركب (merkeb)
* (derogatory) donkey, ass, mule, jackass, jackaninny, a person considered silly, stupid, or obstinate

##### Derived terms

* اشك آریسی (eşek arısı, “hornet”)
* اشك ایكولی (eşek eyeğülü, “obstinate, perverse”, literally “donkey-ribbed”)
* اشك ایونی (eşek oyunu, “prank, joke”)
* اشك بالغی (eşek balığı, “stockfish”)
* اشك دكرمنی (eşek değirmeni, “mill turned by an ass”)
* اشك دیكنی (eşek dikeni, “cotton thistle”)
* اشك سولوكی (eşek sülüğü, “horse-leech”)
* اشك سینكی (eşek sineği, “gadfly”)
* اشك شقه‌سی (eşek şakası, “prank, joke”)
* اشك قوردی (eşek kurdu, “woodlouse”)
* اشك كنكری (eşek kengeri, “carline thistle”)
* اشك مارولی (eşek marulu, “sow thistle”)
* اشكجك (eşekcik, “small donkey”)
* اشكجی (eşekci, “donkey-driver”)
* اشكلك (eşeklik, “asininity”)
* اوزون اشك (uzun eşek, “leapfrog”)
* سینكی قولاغی (eşek kulağı, “centaury”)
* یابان اشكی (yaban eşeği, “onager”)
* یر اشكی (yer eşeği, “woodlouse”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: eşek
* → Armenian: էշեկ (ēšek)
* → Bulgarian: ешѐк (ešèk)
* → Laz: ეშეღი (eşeği)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ѐшек
    Latin script: èšek
* →? Sicilian: sceccu
** → Italian: scecco

#### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “اشك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 62
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “eşek”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1496
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “اشك”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 41b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اشك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 98
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Asinus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 90
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اشك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 241
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “eşek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اشك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 122

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian اشک (ašk, “tear”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *Hácru.

#### Noun

اشك • (eşk) (definite accusative اشكی (eşki), plural اشكلر (eşkler))
* tear, teardrop, eyewater, a drop of clear, salty liquid produced from the eyes by crying or irritation
    Synonyms: دمع (demʼ), كوز یاشی (göz yaşı), یاش (yaş)

##### Derived terms

* اشك آلود (eşk alud, “tearful, weeping”)
* اشك اولمق (eşk olmak, “to cry, to shed tears”)
* اشك ریز (eşk riz, “weeping, crying”)
* اشك شادی (eşk-i şadî, “tears of joy”)
* اشكبار (eşkbâr, “tearful, weeping”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: eşk

#### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “eşk”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1501
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “eşk”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 283
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اشك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 98
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Lacryma”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 902
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اشك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 241
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اشك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 122