# 寅

| 寅 | U+5BC5, &#23493; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BC5 |
| ← 寄 [U+5BC4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 密 → [U+5BC6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

寅 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十一中金 (JMLC), four-corner 3080$_6$, composition ⿱宀⿳一由八)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7204
* Dae Jaweon: page 570, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 936, character 16
* Unihan data for U+5BC5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寅 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 寅 | *lil, *lin |
| 蔩 | *lil, *lenʔ, *lin |
| 鏔 | *lil, *li |
| 演 | *lenʔ |
| 縯 | *lenʔ, *linʔ |
| 戭 | *lenʔ, *linʔ |
| 夤 | *lin |
| 螾 | *lin, *linʔ |
| 濥 | *linʔ, *lins |
| 瞚 | *hljuns |
Originally an ideogram (指事): an arrow 矢 with a distinguishing mark (now 日).
In the modern form the arrowhead has corrupted into 宀.

### Etymology
#### 3rd earthly branch

    Smith (2011) suggests that this branch denoted the "bending, stretching, drawn out" moon phase, i.e. the waning half-moon with a concave flat edge. Smith points to
   * the possible relation between 寅 (OC *lin) and 引 (OC *linʔ, “to stretch, to draw (a bow)”) (noted earlier by James Mellon Menzies); and
   * that both graphs 寅 and 引 were used interchangeably as phonophorics for 螾 (OC *lin, *linʔ) and 蚓 (OC *linʔ), meaning "worm".
    Association with the tiger was possibly arbitrary, just like 辰 (chén) with the dragon (see Ferlus, 2013)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yín (yin$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yin$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): in$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yì
    (Hailu, HRS): rhi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yi$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): în
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ing$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yín
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yín
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^2$
*** Yale: yín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
*** Palladius: инь (inʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yin$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
*** Sinological IPA : /in²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^4$
*** Yale: yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jin²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: in$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /in³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
*** Hakka Romanization System: i$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhi
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒi⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /iŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ěng
*** Sinological IPA : /eiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ìng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ing$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: íng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: în
*** Tâi-lô: în
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iin
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /in¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /in²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /in²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ing$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: îng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yin
*** MiniDict: yin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦin²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: in$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /in¹³/
* Middle Chinese: yij, yin
Rime :
| Character | 寅 | 寅 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 以脂切 | 翼眞切 |
| Baxter | yij | yin |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiɪ/ | /jiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ji/ | /jin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jɪ/ | /jen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ji/ | /jin/ |
| Li Rong | /i/ | /iĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /ji/ | /jĭĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i/ | /i̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yí | yín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^4$ | jan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)ər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lil/, /*lin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 寅 | 寅 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yín | yín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yij › | ‹ yin › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ](r)ər/ | /*[ɢ](r)ər/ |
| English | 3rd earthly branch | 3rd earthly branch |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 寅 | 寅 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 15273 | 15281 |
| Phonetic component | 寅 | 寅 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 姨 | 寅 |
| Old Chinese | /*lil/ | /*lin/ |

### Definitions

寅
* (Classical) to revere, respect
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
    Tóng yín xié gōng hé zhōng zāi! [Pinyin]
    When (sovereign and ministers show) a common reverence and united respect for these, lo! the moral nature (of the people) is made harmonious.
* third of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
* tiger (虎) of Chinese zodiac

#### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子 (zǐ), 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌 (xū), 亥 (hài)

### Compounds

* 同寅 (tóngyín)
* 唐寅
* 寅吃卯糧 / 寅吃卯粮 (yínchīmǎoliáng)
* 寅憂夕惕 / 寅忧夕惕
* 寅支卯糧 / 寅支卯粮
* 寅時 / 寅时 (yínshí)
* 寅月 (Yínyuè)
* 寅清
* 寅畏 (yínwèi)
* 寅臺 / 寅台
* 寅誼 / 寅谊
* 寅賓 / 寅宾
* 建寅
* 陳寅恪 / 陈寅恪

### References

* “寅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “寅”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: いん (in)
* Kan-on: いん (in)
* Kun: とら (tora, 寅)
* Nanori: とも (tomo)、のぶ (nobu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 寅
* とら Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From 虎 (tora, “tiger”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とら [tòrá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ɾa̠]
* Homophone: 虎

#### Proper noun

寅(とら) • (Tora)
* the Tiger, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 寅
* いん Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 寅 (yin).

#### Proper noun

寅(いん) • (In)
* the Tiger, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

## Korean
### Hanja

寅 • (in, i) (hangeul 인, 이, revised in, i, McCune–Reischauer in, i)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

寅: Hán Nôm readings: dần
* chữ Hán form of Dần (“third of the twelve earthly branches”).
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

#### Compounds

* 丙寅 (Bính Dần)
* 壬寅 (Nhâm Dần)
* 庚寅 (Canh Dần)
* 戊寅 (Mậu Dần)
* 甲寅 (Giáp Dần)