# 腰

| 腰 | U+8170, &#33136; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8170 |
| ← 腯 [U+816F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 腱 → [U+8171] |

## Translingual
### Han character

腰 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月一田女 (BMWV), four-corner 7124$_4$, composition ⿰月要(GJK) or ⿰⺼要(HTV))

#### Derived characters

* 𣿺, 𪱘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 989, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29705
* Dae Jaweon: page 1441, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2094, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8170

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 腰 | *qew |
| 要 | *qew, *qews |
| 葽 | *qew, *qews, *qeːw, *qeːwʔ |
| 喓 | *qew |
| 闄 | *qewʔ |
| 偠 | *qeːwʔ |
| 騕 | *qeːwʔ |
| 婹 | *qeːwʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qew): semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 要 (OC *qew, *qews).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yāo (yao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jiu$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): jiu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yêu
    (Hailu, HRS): rhau$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yau$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): iau$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): iáu
* Eastern Min (BUC): iĕu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ieo$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): io / iau
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iê$^1$ / io$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): jiu$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$iau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): iau$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yao
*** Wade–Giles: yao$^1$
*** Yale: yāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
*** Palladius: яо (jao)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jiu$^1$
*** Yale: yīu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jiu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːu̯⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: jiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ziu²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu
*** Hakka Romanization System: ieu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yeu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yeu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhau$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒau⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /iau⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: iau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /iau¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iáu
*** Sinological IPA : /iau⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕu
*** Sinological IPA : /ieu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ieo$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: a̤u
*** Sinological IPA : /ieu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io / iau
*** Tâi-lô: io / iau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ioy, iaw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /io⁴⁴/, /iau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /io³³/, /iau³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /io⁴⁴/, /iau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /io⁴⁴/, /iau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ⁴⁴/, /iau⁴⁴/
* io - vernacular;
* iau - literary.
* Middle Chinese: 'jiew
Rime :
| Character | 腰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於霄切 |
| Baxter | 'jiew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔiᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔjæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔiaw/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɛu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jiu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔew/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qew/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 腰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjiew › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔew/ |
| English | waist |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 腰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14747 |
| Phonetic component | 要 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 要 |
| Old Chinese | /*qew/ |

### Definitions

腰
* (anatomy) waist; lower back; small of the back (Classifier: 條／条 c)
* waist of clothes
* kidney; edible animal kidney
* purse; pockets
* middle part
* a surname, Yao

#### Synonyms

* (waist): (regional) 腰子 (yāozi)
* (kidney):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 腎, 腎水, 水藏 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 腎, 腎臟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 腰子, 腎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 腎, 腰子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 腎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 腎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 腰子, 腎 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 腰子, 腎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 腎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 腎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 腎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 腰子, 腎 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 腰子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 腰子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 腰子, 腎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 腎臟, 腎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 腰子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 腰子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 腰子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 腰子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 腎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 腎 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 腎 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 腰子 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 腰子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 腎 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 腰子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 腰仔, 腎家 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 腰仔, 腎家 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 腰仔, 腎家 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 腰, 腎家 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 腰仔, 腎家 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 腰子 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 腰子 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 腰子, 腎 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 腰子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 腰仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 腰子, 腰心子, 腎 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 腰子 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 腎 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 腎 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 腎 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 腎 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 腰子, 腎臟 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 腰子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 腰子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 腰子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 腰子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 腎, 腰子 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 腰子 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 腰 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 腰子 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 腰子 |

### Compounds

* 上腰
* 下腰
* 上腰包
* 主腰 (zhǔyāo)
* 五斗折腰
* 亞腰葫蘆 / 亚腰葫芦
* 仗腰子
* 伸懶腰 / 伸懒腰 (shēn lǎnyāo)
* 伸腰
* 佝腰
* 割靴腰子
* 半中腰 (bànzhōngyāo)
* 半山腰 (bànshānyāo)
* 叉腰 (chāyāo)
* 吊腰
* 哈腰 (hāyāo)
* 圍腰 / 围腰
* 壓腰 / 压腰 (yāyāo)
* 宮腰 / 宫腰
* 展腳舒腰 / 展脚舒腰
* 山腰 (shānyāo)
* 廊腰
* 弓腰
* 弓腰曲背
* 弔腰撒跨 / 吊腰撒跨
* 彎腰駝背 / 弯腰驼背
* 後腰 / 后腰
* 懶腰 / 懒腰 (lǎnyāo)
* 扠腰
* 折腰 (zhéyāo)
* 扶腰
* 扭腰
* 折腰五斗
* 折腰升斗
* 扭腰撒胯
* 折腰步
* 抱腰
* 拿腰
* 挺腰
* 挺腰子
* 捶腰
* 探腰
* 掏腰包 (tāo yāobāo)
* 掂腳舒腰 / 掂脚舒腰
* 插腰 (chāyāo)
* 搭腰
* 摧眉折腰
* 撐腰 / 撑腰 (chēngyāo)
* 攔腰 / 拦腰
* 束腰 (shùyāo)
* 柳腰
* 楊柳腰 / 杨柳腰
* 楚腰
* 毛腰
* 水蛇腰 (shuǐshéyāo)
* 沈腰
* 沈腰潘鬢
* 流水腰
* 涮腰
* 潘鬢沈腰
* 熊腰虎背
* 牛腰
* 白腰雨燕
* 等腰梯形 (děngyāo tīxíng)
* 納胯挪腰 / 纳胯挪腰
* 細腰 / 细腰
* 細腰蜂 / 细腰蜂
* 綠腰 / 绿腰 (Lǜyāo)
* 繫腰 / 系腰
* 纖腰 / 纤腰 (xiānyāo)
* 肉腰刀
* 背紫腰金
* 腰刀
* 腰包 (yāobāo)
* 腰圍 / 腰围 (yāowéi)
* 腰圓 / 腰圆
* 腰子 (yāozi)
* 腰封
* 腰巾
* 腰帶 / 腰带 (yāodài)
* 腰截
* 腰房
* 腰把子
* 腰斬 / 腰斩 (yāozhǎn)
* 腰板
* 腰果 (yāoguǒ)
* 腰板兒 / 腰板儿 (yāobǎnr)
* 腰板脖硬
* 腰桿子 / 腰杆子
* 腰棚
* 腰椎 (yāozhuī)
* 腰椎神經 / 腰椎神经
* 腰椎穿刺 (yāozhuī chuāncì)
* 腰機 / 腰机
* 腰櫃 / 腰柜
* 腰牌
* 腰痛 (yāotòng)
* 腰眼 (yāoyǎn)
* 腰窩兒 / 腰窝儿
* 腰站兒 / 腰站儿
* 腰粗氣豪 / 腰粗气豪
* 腰纏 / 腰缠 (yāochán)
* 腰纏萬貫 / 腰缠万贯
* 腰肌 (yāojī)
* 腰肢 (yāozhī)
* 腰胯
* 腰腿 (yāotuǐ)
* 腰舟
* 腰花 (yāohuā)
* 腰裡硬 / 腰里硬
* 腰褡子
* 腰襦
* 腰身 (yāoshēn)
* 腰輿 / 腰舆
* 腰部 (yāobù)
* 腰金拖紫
* 腰金紫綬 / 腰金紫绶
* 腰金衣紫
* 腰鋪 / 腰铺
* 腰鍋 / 腰锅
* 腰門 / 腰门
* 腰頭硬 / 腰头硬
* 腰骨 (yāogǔ)
* 腰鼓 (yāogǔ)
* 自掏腰包 (zì tāo yāobāo)
* 虎背熊腰 (hǔbèixióngyāo)
* 虎體熊腰 / 虎体熊腰 (hǔtǐxióngyāo)
* 虎體狼腰 / 虎体狼腰 (hǔ tǐ láng yāo)
* 彪腹狼腰 (biāo fù láng yāo)
* 蜂腰 (fēngyāo)
* 蜂腰削背
* 蝦腰 / 虾腰
* 蠻腰 / 蛮腰
* 衣紫腰金
* 衣紫腰銀 / 衣紫腰银
* 衣紫腰黃 / 衣紫腰黄
* 褲腰 / 裤腰 (kùyāo)
* 賣腰的 / 卖腰的
* 𨉣腰
* 轉腰子 / 转腰子
* 長腰 / 长腰
* 面薄腰纖 / 面薄腰纤
* 頂門腰軟 / 顶门腰软
* 點頭哈腰 / 点头哈腰 (diǎntóuhāyāo)
* 齊腰 / 齐腰 (qíyāo)

### Descendants

* → Proto-Tai: *ˀjeːwᴬ (“waist”)
** Lao: ແອວ (ʼǣu)
** Northern Thai: ᩋᩯ᩠ᩅ
** Tai Dam: ꪵꪮꪫ
** Thai: เอว (eeo)
** Shan: ဢႅဝ် (ʼěao)
** Zhuang: yiu

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 腰 |
| Kyūjitai | 腰󠄁 腰+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 腰󠄃 腰+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* hips, loins, lower back

#### Readings

* Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)
* Kun: こし (koshi, 腰, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 腰(よう)筋(きん) (yōkin)
* 腰(よう)鼓(こ) (yōko)
* 腰(よう)間(かん) (yōkan)
* 腰(よう)斬(ざん) (yōzan) (要(よう)斬(ざん))
* 腰(よう)帯(たい) (yōtai)
* 腰(よう)椎(つい) (yōtsui)
* 腰(よう)痛(つう) (yōtsū)
* 腰(よう)部(ぶ) (yōbu)
* 細(さい)腰(よう) (saiyō)
* 山(さん)腰(よう) (san'yō)
* 楚(そ)腰(よう) (soyō)
* 蜂(ほう)腰(よう) (hōyō)
* 柳(りゅう)腰(よう) (ryūyō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 腰
* こし Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 腰 – see the following entry. :
| 【こしコシ】 | [noun] the waist, the (lower) back, the small of the back [noun] (anatomy) the lumbar region [noun] the skirting of a shoji [noun] the third line of a waka or tanka poem (from the way that the next two lines are longer, similar to the way the body gets wider at the hips) [noun] (of food) chewiness; springiness |
(This term, 腰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 腰
* よう Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 腰 (MC 'jiew).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jo̞ː]

#### Affix

腰(よう) • (yō)
* hips, loins, lower back

### References

* ↑ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “腰”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腰 (MC 'jiew). Recorded as Middle Korean 요 (ywo) (Yale: yo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 腰 (eumhun 허리 요 (heori yo))
* hanja form of 요 (“waist; hips”)

#### Compounds

* 요고 (腰鼓, yogo)
* 요부 (腰部, yobu)
* 요통 (腰痛, yotong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

腰: Hán Nôm readings: yêu, ro, eo, oeo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.