OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 钳棺
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 钳棺 – see 鉗棺 (“to grab the coffin being carried out for a funeral procession with one's hand to stop it from leaving the door”). (This term is the simplified form of 鉗棺).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# drtivý
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdr̩cɪviː]
* Hyphenation: dr‧ti‧vý

### Adjective

drtivý (comparative drtivější, superlative nejdrtivější)
* overwhelming, crushing

#### Related terms

* drtit impf

### Further reading

* “drtivý”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “drtivý”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “drtivý”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# cildlica
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃild.liː.t͡ʃɑ/, [ˈt͡ʃiɫd.liː.t͡ʃɑ]

### Adjective

ċildlīċa
* inflection of ċildlīċ:
** strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
** weak nominative masculine singular
# människosöners
## Swedish
### Noun

människosöners
* indefinite genitive plural of människoson
# žirgtā
## Latvian
### Adjective

žirgtā
* inflection of žirgts:
** locative masculine/feminine singular
** definite genitive masculine singular
** definite nominative/vocative feminine singular
# kaballah
## English
### Proper noun

kaballah
* Alternative form of Kabbalah
# だいぶつべんさい
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of だいぶつべんさい – see the following entry. :
| 【代物弁済】 | [noun] (law) payment in substitutes |
(This term, だいぶつべんさい (daibutsubensai), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# cyndelices
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkyn.de.liː.t͡ʃes/

### Adjective

cyndelīċes
* strong genitive masculine/neuter singular of cyndelīċ
# människosönernas
## Swedish
### Noun

människosönernas
* definite genitive plural of människoson
# žirgtākie
## Latvian
### Adjective

žirgtākie
* definite nominative/vocative masculine plural of žirgtāks
# বাঙালিয়ানা
## Bengali
### Etymology

By surface analysis, বাঙালি (baṅali) +‎ আনা (ana)

### Noun

বাঙালিয়ানা • (baṅaliẏana)
* Bengaliness
# plagiarism
## English
### Etymology

From plagiary +‎ -ism.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈpleɪd͡ʒəɹɪzəm/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈplæɪd͡ʒəɹɪzəm/

### Noun

plagiarism (countable and uncountable, plural plagiarisms)
* (uncountable) Copying of another person's ideas, text, or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission; plagiarizing.
    Even if it's not illegal, plagiarism is usually frowned upon.
    Copy from one, it's plagiarism. Copy from two, it's research.
* (uncountable) Text or other work resulting from this act.
    The novel was awash in plagiarism, with entire passages lifted verbatim.
* (countable) The instance of plagiarism.

#### Derived terms

* autoplagiarism
* mosaic plagiarism
* patchwork plagiarism
* self-plagiarism

#### Related terms

* microplagiarism
* plagiarist
* plagiarize

#### Further reading

* “plagiarism”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “plagiarism”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
# 將信將疑
## Chinese

| | | a general; (will, shall, "future tense"); readya general; (will, shall, "future tense"); ready; prepared; to get; to use | letter; true; to believeletter; true; to believe; sign; evidence | a general; (will, shall, "future tense"); readya general; (will, shall, "future tense"); ready; prepared; to get; to use | to doubt; to misbelieve; to suspect |
| trad. (將信將疑) | trad. (將信將疑) | 將 | 信 | 將 | 疑 |
| simp. (将信将疑) | simp. (将信将疑) | 将 | 信 | 将 | 疑 |

### Etymology

From a famous Tang-era fu (rhyme prose) Dirge on an Ancient Battlefield:
    生也何恩？殺之何咎？其存其歿，家莫聞知。人或有言，將信將疑。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]生也何恩？杀之何咎？其存其殁，家莫闻知。人或有言，将信将疑。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]From: circa 740s, Li Hua,《論佛骨表》(On an Old Battlefield), translated by H. A. Giles, 1922.Shēng yě hé ēn? Shā zhī hé jiù? Qí cún qí mò, jiā mò wénzhī. Rén huò yǒu yán, jiāng xìn jiāng yí. [Pinyin]They owe no thanks for life, for what have they done to deserve death? They may be alive or dead the family knows it not. And if one brings the news, they listen, half doubting, half believing.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāngxìn-jiāngyí
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng$^1$ seon$^3$ zoeng$^1$ ji$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāngxìn-jiāngyí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiangsìnjiangyí
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$-hsin$^4$-chiang$^1$-i$^2$
*** Yale: jyāng-syìn-jyāng-yí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiangshinnjiangyi
*** Palladius: цзянсиньцзянъи (czjansinʹczjanʺi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ i³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^1$ seon$^3$ zoeng$^1$ ji$^4$
*** Yale: jēung seun jēung yìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^1$ soen$^3$ dzoeng$^1$ ji$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^1$ sên$^3$ zêng$^1$ yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɵn³³ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

### Idiom

將信將疑
* to take with a pinch of salt; to be doubtful; to be not quite convinced

#### Synonyms

* 半信半疑 (bànxìn-bànyí)
# 火舌
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huǒshé
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄕㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fo$^2$ sit$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hue$^3$ si$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hér-chi̍h / hé-chi̍h / hóe-chi̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huê$^2$ zih$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huǒshé
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄕㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huǒshé
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^3$-shê$^2$
*** Yale: hwǒ-shé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoosher
*** Palladius: хошэ (xošɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fo$^2$ sit$^3$
*** Yale: fó sit
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fo$^2$ sit$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fo$^2$ xid$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔː³⁵ siːt̚³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hue$^3$ si$^2$ [Phonetic: hue$^5$ si$^2$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hôi-si̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /huei⁴⁵³⁻²¹ ɬi¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hue$^3$ si$^2$ [Phonetic: hue$^5$ li$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /huei³³²⁻²¹ $^{(ɬ-)}$li¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hér-chi̍h
*** Tâi-lô: hér-tsi̍h
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siʔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hé-chi̍h
*** Tâi-lô: hé-tsi̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hefcih
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siʔ⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóe-chi̍h
*** Tâi-lô: hué-tsi̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoefcih
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Tainan): /hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siʔ⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huê$^2$ zih$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hué tsi̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /hue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siʔ⁴/

### Noun

火舌
* tongues of fire

#### Synonyms

* 火苗 (huǒmiáo)

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “火舌”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 290.
# gullmëzi
## Albanian
### Etymology

From gullmë +‎ zi

### Adjective

gullmëzi
* unlucky, unfortunate
    Synonym: fatzi
    Antonyms: gullmëmadh, gullmëbardhë, fatlum

### Further reading

* Newmark, L. (1999) “gullmëzi”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary
# žirgto
## Latvian
### Adjective

žirgto
* inflection of žirgts:
** definite vocative/accusative/instrumental masculine/feminine singular
** definite genitive masculine/feminine plural
# mogok lapar
## Malay
### Etymology

Compound of mogok (“strike”) +‎ lapar (“hungry”).

### Noun

mogok lapar (plural mogok-mogok lapar, informal 1st possessive mogok laparku, 2nd possessive mogok laparmu, 3rd possessive mogok laparnya)
* hunger strike (fast undertaken as a means of protest)
    Synonym: mogok makan (Indonesia)

### Further reading

* “mogok lapar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# Hongaria
## Acehnese
### Proper noun

Hongaria
* Hungary (a country in Central Europe)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch Hongarije. Compare with the Latin-borrowed Hungaria.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /hoŋɡaˈria/ [hoŋ.ɡaˈri.a]
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: Hon‧ga‧ri‧a

### Proper noun

Hongaria
* Hungary (a country in Central Europe)

#### Alternative forms

* Hungaria
* Hungary (Johor-Riau)

#### See also

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belanda
* Belarus
* Belgia
* Bosnia dan Herzegovina
* Britania Raya
* Bulgaria
* Ceko
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finlandia
* Georgia
* Hongaria
* Irlandia
* Islandia
* Italia
* Jerman
* Kazakhstan
* Kosovo
* Kroasia
* Latvia
* Listenstaina
* Lituania
* Luksemburg
* Makedonia
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monako
* Montenegro
* Norwegia
* Perancis
* Polandia
* Portugal
* Rumania
* Rusia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Siprus
* Slovenia
* Slowakia
* Spanyol
* Swedia
* Swiss
* Turki
* Ukraina
* Vatikan
* Yunani
# gratitude
## English

Wikiquote

### Etymology

From French gratitude, from Medieval Latin grātitūdō (“thankfulness”), from Latin grātus (“thankful”). Displaced native Old English þancung.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɹætɪt(j)ud/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

gratitude (countable and uncountable, plural gratitudes)
* The state of being grateful.

#### Synonyms

* appreciation
* thankfulness
* gratefulness

#### Antonyms

* ingratitude

#### Derived terms

* gratitudinal
* overgratitude

#### Related terms

* grace
* grateful
* gratification
* gratify

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “gratitude”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “gratitude”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “gratitude”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

## French
### Etymology

From Late Latin gratitudō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʁa.ti.tyd/
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Homophone: gratitudes
* Hyphenation: gra‧ti‧tude

### Noun

gratitude f (plural gratitudes)
* gratitude
    Synonym: reconnaissance
    Antonym: ingratitude

### Further reading

* “gratitude”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# žirgtos
## Latvian
### Adjective

žirgtos
* inflection of žirgts:
** locative masculine plural
** definite accusative masculine plural
# gwrtharthrod
## Welsh
### Etymology

gwrth- (“anti-, counter-”) +‎ arthrod (“Arctic”).

### Proper noun

y gwrtharthrod m
* (obsolete) the Antarctic Circle
    Synonym: y Cylch Antarctig

#### Coordinate terms

* yr arthrod (“the Arctic circle”)

#### Derived terms

* gwrtharthrodol (“Antarctic”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwrtharthrod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# hopkantor
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch hoofdkantoor (“head office, headquarters”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hopˈkan.tor/, [hopˈkan.t̪or]
* Rhymes: -tɔr
* Hyphenation: hop‧kan‧tor

### Noun

hopkantor (plural hopkantor-hopkantor)
* (dated) head office, headquarters
    Synonyms: kantor besar, hopkantor

### Further reading

* “hopkantor” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# dielli
## Albanian
### Noun

dielli
* inflection of diell:
** definite nominative singular
** indefinite dative/ablative singular
# Воцерковление
## Russian

* A user has marked this entry for imminent deletion.
* If you think it should be kept, or at least discussed, then please , replace this template with {{rfd}} or {{rfv}} (as appropriate), and add a section to Wiktionary:Requests for deletion or Wiktionary:Requests for verification explaining why.

### Etymology

во (vo) + церковь (tzerkov’) + ле́ние (leniye)

### Pronunciation

IPA: [vət͡sɨrkɐˈvlʲenʲɪje]

### Noun

* воцерковле́ние • (vocerkovlénije) n inan (genitive воцерковле́ния, nominative plural воцерковле́ния, genitive plural воцерковле́ний)
* Christian church rite for an infant & mother after a successful birth.
* Generally, the rituals, habits, and customs attendant to regular participation in church services.

#### Declension

* ↑ Энциклопедия азбуки веры, s.v. «воцерковле́ние»
# gwrtharthrod
## Welsh
### Etymology

gwrth- (“anti-, counter-”) +‎ arthrod (“Arctic”).

### Proper noun

y gwrtharthrod f
* (obsolete) the Antarctic Circle
    Synonym: y Cylch Antarctig

#### Coordinate terms

* yr arthrod (“the Arctic circle”)

#### Derived terms

* gwrtharthrodol (“Antarctic”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwrtharthrod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# hotel prodeo
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of hotel (“hotel”) +‎ prodeo (“free, gratis”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhotɛl proˈdeo̯]

### Noun

hotel prodeo (plural hotel-hotel prodeo)
* (figurative) prison
    Synonyms: bui, penjara

### Further reading

* “hotel prodeo” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# færlican
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfæːr.liː.t͡ʃɑn/, [ˈfæːrˠ.liː.t͡ʃɑn]

### Adjective

fǣrlīċan
* inflection of fǣrlīċ:
** weak accusative masculine/feminine singular
** weak genitive/dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter singular
** weak nominative/accusative masculine/feminine/neuter plural
# ferarum
## Latin
### Noun

ferārum f
* genitive plural of fera (“wild animal, beast”)

### Adjective

ferārum
* genitive feminine plural of ferus
** 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
    omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt
       So far does every species on earth of man and beast [lit. "beasts"], whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged, collapse into the frenzies and the fire [of sex].
# Szép
## Slovak
### Proper noun

Szép m pers (female equivalent Szépová)
* a male surname from Hungarian

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Szép”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# hujan asam
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of hujan (“rain”) +‎ asam (“acid”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhud͡ʒan ˈasam/

### Noun

hujan asam (plural hujan-hujan asam)
* (geology) acid rain

#### Synonyms

* hujan asid (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “hujan asam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# უცერემონიო
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ut͡sʰeɾemonio]
* Hyphenation: უცე‧რე‧მო‧ნიო

### Adjective

უცერემონიო • (uceremonio) (indeclinable, comparative უფრო უცერემონიო, superlative ყველაზე უცერემონიო)
* unceremonious
# 硬迸迸
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ngī-piàng-piàng / ngē-piàng-piàng
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngī-piàng-piàng
*** Tâi-lô: ngī-piàng-piàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngixpiarngpiaxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ŋĩ²²⁻²¹ piaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ŋĩ³³⁻¹¹ piaŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ piaŋ¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Tainan, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngē-piàng-piàng
*** Tâi-lô: ngē-piàng-piàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngexpiarngpiaxng
*** IPA (Tainan): /ŋẽ³³⁻¹¹ piaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋẽ³³⁻²¹ piaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ piaŋ²¹/

### Adjective

硬迸迸
* (Hokkien, ideophonic) hard (like rock); stiff

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 硬邦邦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 硬邦邦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 硬個撅, 硬撅撅, 硬邦兒, 硬邦 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 硬邦邦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 硬邦邦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 硬爭爭兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 硬邦邦, 硬登登 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 硬七八戧, 邦邦子硬, 邦邦硬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 硬邦邦, 硬董董 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 硬摳摳 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 硬撅撅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 硬𥕏𥕏, 硬極𥕏, 硬角角, 硬瓜瓜, 硬繃繃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 硬𥕏𥕏, 硬轟轟 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 硬轟轟 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 硬𥕏𥕏 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 硬硈硈, 硬角角 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 硬仃仃, 硬確確, 硬翹翹仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 硬仃仃仔, 硬確確仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 硬仃仃, 硬確確, 硬翹翹 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 硬仃仃, 硬確確, 硬翹翹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 硬仃仃, 硬確確, 硬翹翹 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 硬確確, 硬翹翹 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 硬角角 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 硬仃仃 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 硬敲敲 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 硬錚錚, 硬撅撅 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 硬杠杠 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 硬確確 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 硬邦邦, 硬督督, 硬棟棟, 硬迸迸, 硬硞硞, 硬揭揭, 𠕇硞硞, 𠕇篤篤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 硬揭揭, 硬硞硞, 硬碻碻, 𠕇硞硞, 𠕇鐵鐵, 𠕇碻碻 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 硬迸迸, 𠕇硞硞, 𠕇碻碻 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 𠕇硞硞 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 硬硬尼 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𠕇如石 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 硬𥕏𥕏, 硬的的 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 硬繃繃, 硬撟撟, 硬橛橛, 硬𤿩𤿩, 硬扎扎, 硬擱擱 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 硬繃繃, 硬殼殼, 硬確確 |
| Wu | Danyang | 硬腔腔, 硬直直, 硬𤿩𤿩 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 硬邦邦 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 硬繃繃, 硬剝剝, 硬的剝落, 硬結結, 硬結刮剌, 硬燥燥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 硬擱擱 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 硬擱擱, 硬節節兒, 硬節兒節兒 |
# gwrtharthrod
## Welsh
### Etymology

gwrth- (“anti-, counter-”) +‎ arthrod (“Arctic circle”).

### Proper noun

y gwrtharthrod f
* (obsolete) the Antarctic Circle
    Synonym: y Cylch Antarctig

#### Coordinate terms

* yr arthrod (“the Arctic circle”)

#### Derived terms

* gwrtharthrodol (“Antarctic”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwrtharthrod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# mogok lapar
## Malay
### Etymology

Compound of mogok (“to strike”) +‎ lapar (“hungry”).

### Noun

mogok lapar (plural mogok-mogok lapar, informal 1st possessive mogok laparku, 2nd possessive mogok laparmu, 3rd possessive mogok laparnya)
* hunger strike (fast undertaken as a means of protest)
    Synonym: mogok makan (Indonesia)

### Further reading

* “mogok lapar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# godspellice
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡoːd.spelˌliː.t͡ʃe/

### Adjective

gōdspellīċe
* inflection of gōdspellīċ:
** strong accusative feminine singular
** strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular
** strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural
** weak nominative feminine/neuter singular
** weak accusative neuter singular
# Jacobian
## English
### Etymology 1

From Jacobi +‎ -an, after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, a German mathematician of the 19th century.

#### Pronunciation

* enPR: yä-kō'-bi-un, IPA: /jɑːˈkəʊ.bi.ən/
* IPA: /d͡ʒəˈkoʊ.bi.ən/
* Audio (US):(file)

#### Adjective

Jacobian (not comparable)
* Used to specify certain mathematical objects named in honour of C. G. J. Jacobi.
    The Jacobian matrix has partial derivatives as its entries.

##### Translations
#### Noun

Jacobian (plural Jacobians)
* (calculus) A Jacobian matrix or its associated operator.
** 2016, Kyle E. Niemeyer, Nicholas J. Curtis, Chih-Jen Sung, “pyJac: analytical Jacobian generator for chemical kinetics”, in arXiv‎:As a demonstration, we first establish the correctness of the Jacobian matrices for kinetic models of hydrogen, methane, ethylene, and isopentanol oxidation, then demonstrate the performance achievable on CPUs and GPUs using pyJac via matrix evaluation timing comparisons..
* (calculus) The determinant of such a matrix.
** 2015, Ping Ngai Chung, Craig Costello, Benjamin Smith, “Fast, uniform, and compact scalar multiplication for elliptic curves and genus 2 Jacobians with applications to signature schemes”, in arXiv‎:In terms of per-bit security, elliptic curves and Jacobians of genus 2 curves appear to be roughly equivalent. However, when it comes to efficient and side-channel-aware implementations, we see a curious divergence.

##### Translations
#### Further reading

* Jacobian on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 2

From Jacob +‎ -ian.

#### Adjective

Jacobian (comparative more Jacobian, superlative most Jacobian)
* Of or relating to the biblical Jacob.
    Synonym: Jacobic

### Anagrams

* Bajocian
# 硬迸迸
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ngī-piàng-piàng / ngē-piàng-piàng / ngī-piang-piang
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngī-piàng-piàng
*** Tâi-lô: ngī-piàng-piàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngixpiarngpiaxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ŋĩ²²⁻²¹ piaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ŋĩ³³⁻¹¹ piaŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ piaŋ¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Tainan, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngē-piàng-piàng
*** Tâi-lô: ngē-piàng-piàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngexpiarngpiaxng
*** IPA (Tainan): /ŋẽ³³⁻¹¹ piaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋẽ³³⁻²¹ piaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ piaŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngī-piang-piang
*** Tâi-lô: ngī-piang-piang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngixpiangpiafng
*** IPA (Taipei): /ŋĩ³³⁻¹¹ piaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piaŋ⁴⁴/

### Adjective

硬迸迸
* (Hokkien, ideophonic) hard (like rock); stiff

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 硬邦邦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 硬邦邦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 硬個撅, 硬撅撅, 硬邦兒, 硬邦 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 硬邦邦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 硬邦邦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 硬爭爭兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 硬邦邦, 硬登登 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 硬七八戧, 邦邦子硬, 邦邦硬 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 硬邦邦, 硬董董 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 硬摳摳 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 硬撅撅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 硬𥕏𥕏, 硬極𥕏, 硬角角, 硬瓜瓜, 硬繃繃 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 硬𥕏𥕏, 硬轟轟 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 硬轟轟 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 硬𥕏𥕏 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 硬硈硈, 硬角角 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 硬仃仃, 硬確確, 硬翹翹仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 硬仃仃仔, 硬確確仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 硬仃仃, 硬確確, 硬翹翹 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 硬仃仃, 硬確確, 硬翹翹 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 硬仃仃, 硬確確, 硬翹翹 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 硬確確, 硬翹翹 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 硬角角 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 硬仃仃 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 硬敲敲 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 硬錚錚, 硬撅撅 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 硬杠杠 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 硬確確 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 硬邦邦, 硬督督, 硬棟棟, 硬迸迸, 硬硞硞, 硬揭揭, 𠕇硞硞, 𠕇篤篤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 硬揭揭, 硬硞硞, 硬碻碻, 𠕇硞硞, 𠕇鐵鐵, 𠕇碻碻 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 硬迸迸, 𠕇硞硞, 𠕇碻碻 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 𠕇硞硞 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 硬硬尼 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𠕇如石 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 硬𥕏𥕏, 硬的的 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 硬繃繃, 硬撟撟, 硬橛橛, 硬𤿩𤿩, 硬扎扎, 硬擱擱 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 硬繃繃, 硬殼殼, 硬確確 |
| Wu | Danyang | 硬腔腔, 硬直直, 硬𤿩𤿩 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 硬邦邦 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 硬繃繃, 硬剝剝, 硬的剝落, 硬結結, 硬結刮剌, 硬燥燥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 硬擱擱 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 硬擱擱, 硬節節兒, 硬節兒節兒 |