# habitus
## English
### Etymology

From Latin habitus (“habit”), from habeō (“have; maintain”). The plural habiti is a misconstruction, as the Latin plural is in fact habitūs. This is reflected by the English plural habitus, which is occasionally encountered. habiti may have been influenced by Latin habitī, the plural of the participle habitus; however, it is not the etymon of the English term.

### Noun

habitus (countable and uncountable, plural habiti or habitus or habituses)
* (zoology) habitude; mode of life; bearing.
* (zoology, chiefly invertebrates) General appearance.
** 1963, Alan H. Cheetham, Late Eocene Zoogeography of the Eastern Gulf Coast Region, page 30:[M]any species having eschariform zoaria in quiet water are able to assume the membraniporiform habitus in strongly agitated water.
* (botany) habit
* (anatomy, medicine) the general shape and appearance of the body, usually with reference to weight, adipose distribution, posture, and gait; most often called by the collocation body habitus.
* (sociology) The lifestyle, values, dispositions and expectations of particular social groups that are acquired through the activities and experiences of everyday life.
** 2019, Raúl Sánchez García, “Reformulation, expansion, and hybridisation of Japanese martial arts”, in The Historical Sociology of Japanese Martial Arts (Routledge Research in Sport, Culture and Society), Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, part III (Martial artists):A wrestler could gain the rank of ōzeki based on his competitive achievements, but the promotion to yokozuna implied the presence of a certain habitus than embodied the quintessential traditional Japaneseness.
* (liturgy) The liturgical clothing of monks, nuns and the clerical community, metaphorically referring to the religious mode of life.

#### Usage notes

* The plural is quite rare.
* The main distinction between usage in botany versus zoology is that a plant's habit is a more or less technical statement of its growth form and structure (e.g. liana vs. tree vs. acaulescent herbaceous), while in zoology, the habitus is often not even qualified or described other than to serve as a more technical statement that the taxon resembles another. This is especially common for Hexapoda and Arachnida.

#### Translations
### References

* “habitus”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* ushabti

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin habitus (“habit”), a noun based on habeō (“have; maintain”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ha‧bi‧tus

### Noun

habitus m (plural habitussen or habitus)
* manner, behaviour
* general physical appearance such as shape of the body
* (botany) general appearance and/or behaviour of a plant

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: habitus

## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English habitus), ultimately from Latin habitus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɑbitus/, [ˈhɑ̝bit̪us̠]
* Rhymes: -ɑbitus
* Hyphenation: ha‧bi‧tus

### Noun

habitus
* habitus

#### Declension

Possessive forms of habitus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
habitukseni
habitukseni
accusative
nom.
habitukseni
habitukseni
gen.
habitukseni
genitive
habitukseni
habitusteni habituksieni
partitive
habitustani
habituksiani
inessive
habituksessani
habituksissani
elative
habituksestani
habituksistani
illative
habitukseeni
habituksiini
adessive
habituksellani
habituksillani
ablative
habitukseltani
habituksiltani
allative
habitukselleni
habituksilleni
essive
habituksenani
habituksinani
translative
habituksekseni
habituksikseni
abessive
habituksettani
habituksittani
instructive
comitative
—habituksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
habituksesi
habituksesi
accusative
nom.
habituksesi
habituksesi
gen.
habituksesi
genitive
habituksesi
habitustesi habituksiesi
partitive
habitustasi
habituksiasi
inessive
habituksessasi
habituksissasi
elative
habituksestasi
habituksistasi
illative
habitukseesi
habituksiisi
adessive
habituksellasi
habituksillasi
ablative
habitukseltasi
habituksiltasi
allative
habituksellesi
habituksillesi
essive
habituksenasi
habituksinasi
translative
habitukseksesi
habituksiksesi
abessive
habituksettasi
habituksittasi
instructive
comitative
—habituksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
habituksemme
habituksemme
accusative
nom.
habituksemme
habituksemme
gen.
habituksemme
genitive
habituksemme
habitustemme habituksiemme
partitive
habitustamme
habituksiamme
inessive
habituksessamme
habituksissamme
elative
habituksestamme
habituksistamme
illative
habitukseemme
habituksiimme
adessive
habituksellamme
habituksillamme
ablative
habitukseltamme
habituksiltamme
allative
habituksellemme
habituksillemme
essive
habituksenamme
habituksinamme
translative
habitukseksemme
habituksiksemme
abessive
habituksettamme
habituksittamme
instructive
comitative
—habituksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
habituksenne
habituksenne
accusative
nom.
habituksenne
habituksenne
gen.
habituksenne
genitive
habituksenne
habitustenne habituksienne
partitive
habitustanne
habituksianne
inessive
habituksessanne
habituksissanne
elative
habituksestanne
habituksistanne
illative
habitukseenne
habituksiinne
adessive
habituksellanne
habituksillanne
ablative
habitukseltanne
habituksiltanne
allative
habituksellenne
habituksillenne
essive
habituksenanne
habituksinanne
translative
habitukseksenne
habituksiksenne
abessive
habituksettanne
habituksittanne
instructive
comitative
—habituksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
habituksensa
habituksensa
accusative
nom.
habituksensa
habituksensa
gen.
habituksensa
genitive
habituksensa
habitustensa habituksiensa
partitive
habitustaan habitustansa
habituksiaan habituksiansa
inessive
habituksessaan habituksessansa
habituksissaan habituksissansa
elative
habituksestaan habituksestansa
habituksistaan habituksistansa
illative
habitukseensa
habituksiinsa
adessive
habituksellaan habituksellansa
habituksillaan habituksillansa
ablative
habitukseltaan habitukseltansa
habituksiltaan habituksiltansa
allative
habitukselleen habituksellensa
habituksilleen habituksillensa
essive
habituksenaan habituksenansa
habituksinaan habituksinansa
translative
habituksekseen habitukseksensa
habituksikseen habituksiksensa
abessive
habituksettaan habituksettansa
habituksittaan habituksittansa
instructive
comitative
—habituksineen habituksinensa :

#### Synonyms

* ulkomuoto

### Further reading

* “habitus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch habitus, from Latin habitus.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /haˈbitus/ [haˈbi.t̪ʊs]
* Rhymes: -itus
* Syllabification: ha‧bi‧tus

### Noun

habitus (plural habitus-habitus)
* habitus, habit (the general shape, appearance, or characteristic)
* (sociology) habitus (the lifestyle, etc. of particular social groups)
* habit (an action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness)

#### Related terms

* habitat
* habituasi

### Further reading

* “habitus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology 1

Perfect passive participle of habeō (“have”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈha.bi.tus/, [ˈhäbɪt̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.bi.tus/, [ˈäːbit̪us]

#### Participle

habitus (feminine habita, neuter habitum); first/second-declension participle
* retained, maintained, having been maintained
* (by extension) well-kept; stout, fleshy, burly

##### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

##### Descendants

* Sardinian: àpidu, àpitu, àpiu

### Etymology 2

From habeō (I have) +‎ -tus (noun formation suffix). Distantly related to gift.

#### Noun

habitus m (genitive habitūs); fourth declension
* external aspect, appearance, posture, frame
    Synonyms: speciēs, faciēs, fōrma, frōns
* habit; disposition; character
    Synonyms: indolēs, natura, ingenium, mēns, character
* physical or emotional condition
* dress, attire

##### Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

##### Descendants

* → Asturian: hábitu
* → Bulgarian: хабитус (habitus)
* → Catalan: hàbit
* → Dutch: habitus
* → English: habit, habitus
* → Finnish: habitus
* → German: Habitus
* → Italian: abito
* → Lombard: abet
* → Old French: abit (see there for further descendants)
* → Old Irish: aibit
** Irish: aibíd
** Scottish Gaelic: abaid
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: abito
** Galician: hábito
** Portuguese: hábito
* → Polish: habit
* → Russian: га́битус (gábitus)
* → Spanish: hábito
* → Ukrainian: габітус (habitus)
* → Venetan: abito
** → Cimbrian: abito

### References

* “habitus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “habitus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* habitus in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
* "habitus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. humour; disposition: animi affectio or habitus (De Inv. 2. 5)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin habitus.

### Noun

habitus n (plural habitusuri)
* habitus