# 正直
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhèngzhí
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^3$ zik$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳn-chhṳ̍t
    (Hailu, HRS): zhin$^ˇ$ chid$^ˋ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiàⁿ-ti̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zian$^3$ dêg$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngzhí
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngjhíh
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$-chih$^2$
*** Yale: jèng-jŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqjyr
*** Palladius: чжэнчжи (čžɛnčži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$正值 正直 正職 / 正职
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^3$ zik$^6$
*** Yale: jing jihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^3$ dzik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^3$ jig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡sɪk̚²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$正值 正直
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn-chhṳ̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziin ciid
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zin$^4$ cid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhin$^ˇ$ chid$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃin¹¹ t͡ʃʰit²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàⁿ-ti̍t
*** Tâi-lô: tsiànn-ti̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cviardit
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ tit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tit̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ tit̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ tit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ tit̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zian$^3$ dêg$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàⁿ te̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tek̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyengH drik
Rime :
| Character | 正 | 直 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 之盛切 | 除力切 |
| Baxter | tsyengH | drik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇŋ$^H$/ | /ɖɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛŋ$^H$/ | /ɖɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiæŋ$^H$/ | /ȡiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciajŋ$^H$/ | /ɖik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛŋ$^H$/ | /ȡiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛŋ$^H$/ | /ȡĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ$^H$/ | /ȡʱi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhèng | zhí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^3$ | zik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*teŋ-s N-t<r>ək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋs dɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 正 | 直 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhèng | zhí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyeng$^H$ › | ‹ drik › |
| Old Chinese | /*teŋ-s/ | /*N-t<r>ək/ |
| English | correct (adj., v.) | straight |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 正 | 直 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17178 | 17269 |
| Phonetic component | 正 | 直 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 政 | 直 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjeŋs/ | /*dɯɡ/ |
| Notes | | 金文象目測枉材以取直而會意 |

### Adjective

正直
* having personal integrity; upright
* (literary, literally) orderly and straight
    From: 1670, 顧炎武,《日知録》
    Yú jiàn tiānxià zhōu zhī wéi Táng jiùzhì zhě, qí chéngguō bì jiē kuānguǎng, jiēdào bì jiē zhèngzhí, xièshè zhī wéi Táng jiù chuàng zhě, qí jīzhǐ bì jiē hóngchǎng. [Pinyin]
    I have observed that in the places where the administrative centers of the prefectures in the empire were established during the Tang dynasty, the city walls must be broad and expansive, and the roads and streets are invariably straight and in good order. As for the official buildings founded since then, their foundations are always spacious and grand.

#### Synonyms

* 剛正 / 刚正 (gāngzhèng)
* 剛直 / 刚直 (gāngzhí)
* 悻直 (xìngzhí) (literary)
* 方正 (fāngzhèng)
* 樸直 / 朴直 (pǔzhí)
* 正大 (zhèngdà)
* 正派 (zhèngpài)
* 正當 / 正当
* 正經 / 正经
* 硬直 (Hokkien)
* 端 (duān)
* 端正 (duānzhèng)
* 耿介 (gěngjiè) (literary)
* 耿直 (gěngzhí)

#### Derived terms

* 正直清廉
* 正直無私 / 正直无私
* 正直無邪 / 正直无邪

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 正直(しょうじき) (shōjiki)
* → Korean: 정직(正直) (jeongjik)
* → Vietnamese: chính trực (正直)

### Adverb

正直
* Misspelling of 正值 (zhèngzhí, “just happen; just at the time of”).

### Noun

正直
* Misspelling of 正值 (zhèngzhí, “positive value”).

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 正 | 直 |
| しょう Grade: 1 | じき Grade: 2 |
| goon ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょーじき [shòójíꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* (Tokyo) しょーじき [shòójíkíꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
* IPA: [ɕo̞ːʑikʲi]

### Adjective

正(しょう)直(じき) • (shōjiki) -na (adnominal 正(しょう)直(じき)な (shōjiki na), adverbial 正(しょう)直(じき)に (shōjiki ni))
* honest (scrupulous with regard to telling the truth)

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 正直だろ | しょうじきだろ | shōjiki daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 正直で | しょうじきで | shōjiki de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 正直だ | しょうじきだ | shōjiki da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 正直な | しょうじきな | shōjiki na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 正直なら | しょうじきなら | shōjiki nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 正直であれ | しょうじきであれ | shōjiki de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 正直ではない 正直じゃない | しょうじきではない しょうじきじゃない | shōjiki de wa nai shōjiki ja nai |
| Informal past | 正直だった | しょうじきだった | shōjiki datta |
| Informal negative past | 正直ではなかった 正直じゃなかった | しょうじきではなかった しょうじきじゃなかった | shōjiki de wa nakatta shōjiki ja nakatta |
| Formal | 正直です | しょうじきです | shōjiki desu |
| Formal negative | 正直ではありません 正直じゃありません | しょうじきではありません しょうじきじゃありません | shōjiki de wa arimasen shōjiki ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 正直でした | しょうじきでした | shōjiki deshita |
| Formal negative past | 正直ではありませんでした 正直じゃありませんでした | しょうじきではありませんでした しょうじきじゃありませんでした | shōjiki de wa arimasen deshita shōjiki ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 正直で | しょうじきで | shōjiki de |
| Conditional | 正直なら（ば） | しょうじきなら（ば） | shōjiki nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 正直だったら | しょうじきだったら | shōjiki dattara |
| Volitional | 正直だろう | しょうじきだろう | shōjiki darō |
| Adverbial | 正直に | しょうじきに | shōjiki ni |
| Degree | 正直さ | しょうじきさ | shōjikisa |

### Noun

正(しょう)直(じき) • (shōjiki)
* honesty

#### Derived terms

* 三度目(さんどめ)の正直(しょうじき) (sandome no shōjiki)

### Adverb

正(しょう)直(じき) • (shōjiki)
* honestly, to tell the truth

### References

* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 正 | 直 |

### Noun

正直 • (jeongjik) (hangeul 정직)
* hanja form of 정직 (“honesty”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 正 | 直 |

### Adjective

正直
* chữ Hán form of chính trực (“honorable”).