# food
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English fode, foode, from Old English fōda (“food”), from Proto-West Germanic *fōdō, from Proto-Germanic *fōdô (“food”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to guard, graze, feed”).
Cognate with Scots fuid (“food”), Low German föde, vöde (“food”), West Frisian fiedsel (“food”), Dutch voedsel (“food”) Danish føde (“food”), Swedish föda (“food”), Icelandic fæða, fæði (“food”), Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (fōdeins, “food”), Latin pānis (“bread, food”), Latin pāscō (“feed, nourish”, verb). Related to fodder, foster.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: fo͞od
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /fuːd/
*** Audio (UK):(file)
** (General American) IPA: /fud/
*** Audio (US):(file)
** (MLE) IPA: /fʏːd/
*** Audio (MLE):(file)
** (General South African) IPA: /fʉːd/, /fyːd/
** Rhymes: -uːd
* (Indic) enPR: fo͝od IPA: /fuɖ/
** Rhymes: -ʊd

### Noun

food (usually uncountable, plural foods)
* (uncountable) Any solid substance that can be consumed by living organisms, especially by eating, in order to sustain life.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:food
    The innkeeper brought them food and drink.
** 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:“ […] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […] ”
** 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, pages 72–3:Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.
* (countable) A foodstuff.
    Synonyms: (archaic, now only humorous or regional) belly-timber, foodstuff, provender; see also Thesaurus:food
** 2006, C Williams, J Buttriss, Improving the Fat Content of Foods, →ISBN, page 492:Variation and changes in the trans fatty acid content of different foods, especially in processed foods, further complicate such estimates.
* (uncountable, figuratively) Anything that nourishes or sustains.
    Hyponym: brainfood
    The man's inspiring speech gave us food for thought.
    Mozart and Bach are food for my soul.
** 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:This may prove food to my displeasure.
** 1798, William Wordsworth, Tintern Abbey:In this moment there is life and food / For future years.
* (uncountable, MLE) Any illegal substance or illegal substances, drugs.
** 2009 March 17, “Next Hype” (track 3), in All-Star Pars‎, performed by Tempa T:What kind of things that you have. When I find out don't expect me to stop. I'll come for the P's that you stack. And come for the food that you blot.
** 2015, Stormzy, “Shut Up” (track 15), in Gang Signs & Prayer, performed by Stormzy:I'm so London, I'm so south / Food in the ends like there ain't no drought / Flipz don't talk like he's got no mouth
** 2016 March 4, “3 Wheel-Ups” (track 4), in Made in the Manor‎, performed by Kano (British musician),Giggs (rapper),Wiley (musician):[Verse 2:Kano]:If you've been shotting in the manor from way back when and you ain't on a kilo ting, I don't wanna hear about cunch and food and tings, man don't do those tings.

#### Synonyms

* Synonyms: see Thesaurus:food
* (substance consumed by living organisms): belly-timber (archaic, now only humorous or regional), chow (slang), comestible (formal), eats (slang), feed (for domesticated animals), fodder (for domesticated animals), foodstuffs, grub (informal), nosh (slang), nourishment, provender, scran (dialectal), sustenance, victuals

#### Derived terms

* agri-food
* ambient food
* angel food
* angel-food cake
* angel food cake
* angel's food cake
* angel's-food cake
* animal food
* antifood
* avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
* baby food
* bushfood
* cat food
* cheese food
* Chinese food syndrome
* cold food powder
* comfort food
* convenience food
* cottage food operation
* deerfood
* devil's food cake
* devil's-food cake
* dogfood
* dog food
* dude food
* eat one's own dog food
* every good boy deserves food
* famine food
* fast food
* fast-food
* fast food music
* finger food
* fish food
* food additive
* foodaholic
* food allergy
* food and board
* food art
* food artist
* food baby
* food bank
* food banking
* food-borne
* foodborne
* food-borne disease
* food bowl
* food cache
* food canal
* food cart
* food chain
* food closet
* food coloring
* food colouring
* food coma
* food court
* food crop
* food-derived illness
* food desert
* food drive
* foodery
* food fall
* food-fall
* foodfest
* food fight
* food fish
* foodflation
* food for powder
* food for the worms
* food for thought
* food for worms
* food fraud
* foodful
* food garden
* foodgasm
* food-grade
* foodgrain
* food hall
* foodie
* food insecurity
* food intolerance
* foodious
* foodism
* foodist
* foodista
* foodlegger
* foodless
* foodlike
* food literacy
* food-literate
* foodloaf
* food miles
* food mill
* food mixer
* FOODMO
* foodmonger
* food noise
* food oasis
* foodoir
* foodomics
* foodophile
* food pantry
* food pipe
* food plant
* food play
* foodplay
* food poisoning
* foodporn
* food porn
* foodpreneur
* foodprint
* food processor
* food puzzle
* food pyramid
* foodscape
* food science
* food scientist
* food security
* foodseller
* food service
* foodservice
* foodshed
* food shop
* food sovereignty
* foodstagram
* foodstall
* food stamp
* foodstore
* food street
* foodstuff
* foodstyle
* food stylist
* food supplement
* food swamp
* foodtech
* food-to-go
* foodtography
* FoodTok
* food tree
* food trip
* food truck
* food vacuole
* foodware
* food waste disposer
* foodway
* foodweb
* food web
* foodwise
* food wrap
* foodwriting
* foody
* foodyolk
* frankenfood
* frozen food
* functional food
* ground food
* hard food
* health food
* junk food
* junk food news
* larval food plant
* lawn food
* multifood
* nanofood
* natural food
* nonfood
* non-food
* outside food
* petfood
* pharmafood
* plant food
* put food on the table
* rabbit food
* retort food
* seafood
* skin food
* slow food
* snack food
* sometimes food
* soul food
* soyfood
* street food
* superfood
* unfood
* vegetable food
* whole food
* worm-food
* worm food
* worm's food
* yuppie food stamp

#### Related terms

* feed
* fodder

#### Collocations

Adjectives often applied to "food": raw, cooked, baked, fried, grilled, processed, healthy, unhealthy, wholesome, nutritious, safe, toxic, tainted, adulterated, tasty, delicious, fresh, stale, sweet, sour, spicy, exotic, marine.

#### Translations

Abkhaz: афа (afa)
Acholi: cam
Afrikaans: kos (af), voedsel (af)
Ainu: アエㇷ゚ (aep)
Akan: aduane
Albanian: ushqim (sq) m
Aleut:
Eastern: qaqax̂
Western: qalgadax̂
Ambonese Malay: makanan
American Sign Language: FlatO@Mouth-PalmBack
Amharic: ምግብ (məgb), መብል (mäbl)
Arabic: طَعَام (ar) m (ṭaʕām), أَكْل (ar) m (ʔakl)
Egyptian Arabic: اكل m (akl)
Gulf Arabic: أَكِل m (akil)
Hijazi Arabic: أَكِل m (ʔakil)
Moroccan Arabic: ماكلة f (mākla)
South Levantine Arabic: أكل (ʔákil)
Aramaic: אוכלא m
Armenian: ուտելիք (hy) (utelikʻ), սնունդ (hy) (snund), կերակուր (hy) (kerakur)
Aromanian: mãcari f, mãcare f
Assamese: খোৱাবস্তু (khüabostu), খানা (khana)
Asturian: comida (ast) f
Axi: zo²¹mi²¹
Azerbaijani: qida (az), ərzaq (az), yemək (az)
Bakhtiari: زات (zât)
Baluchi: ورگ (warag)
Bashkir: аҙыҡ (aźıq), ризыҡ (rizıq), аш (aş); ем (yem) (for animals)
Basque: janari (eu)
Belarusian: харчава́нне n (xarčavánnje), е́жа f (jéža)
Bengali: খাদ্য (bn) (khaddo), খাবার (bn) (khabar)
Bislama: kakae
Breton: boued (br) m, bouedoù (br) pl
Bulgarian: храна́ (bg) f (hraná)
Burmese: စားစရာ (my) (ca:ca.ra), အစားအစာ (my) (a.ca:a.ca), အစား (my) (a.ca:), အာဟာရ (my) (ahara.)
Carpathian Rusyn: їджіня f (jidžinja), страва f (strava)
Catalan: menjar (ca) m, aliment (ca) m
Cebuano: pagkaon
Central Melanau: wakkan
Chakma: please add this translation if you can
Chechen: яа хӏума (jaa huma), кхача (qača), даар (daar)
Chichewa: chakudya
Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma: chakurya
Chinese:
Cantonese: 嘢食 (je$^5$ sik$^6$), 食物 (sik$^6$ mat$^6$)
Eastern Min: 食物 (sĭk-ŭk)
Hakka: 食物 (sṳ̍t-vu̍t)
Hokkien: 食物 (zh-min-nan) (chia̍h-mi̍h / chia̍h-mn̍gh / si̍t-bu̍t), 食食 (zh-min-nan) (chia̍h-si̍t), 物食 (zh-min-nan) (mi̍h-chia̍h / mn̍gh-chia̍h)
Jin: 食物 (seh$^5$ veh$^4$)
Mandarin: 食物 (zh) (shíwù), 食品 (zh) (shípǐn), 吃食 (zh) (chīshi) (colloquial), 吃兒 / 吃儿 (zh) (chīr) (Beijing)
Wu: 食物 ($^8$zeq-veq$_8$)
Chuvash: апат-ҫимӗҫ (ap̬at-śimĕś)
Crimean Tatar: aş
Czech: potrava (cs) f, jídlo (cs) n, žrádlo (cs) n (for animals)
Danish: føde (da) c, mad (da) c, næring (da)
Darkinjung: ngunnuñ
Dhivehi: please add this translation if you can
Dolgan: ас
Dutch: voedsel (nl) n, eten (nl) n
Dzongkha: ལྟོ (lto)
East Central German: Assn n
Eastern Arrernte: merne
Egyptian: (wnmw), (šbw)
Esperanto: manĝaĵo (eo)
Estonian: toit (et)
Faroese: matur (fo) m, føði f
Fijian: kakana
Finnish: ruoka (fi), ravinto (fi), murkina (fi) (colloquial), safka (fi) (slang), pöperö (fi) (colloquial), mättö (fi) (slang), muona (fi), sapuska (fi) (colloquial), ape (fi), ateria (fi) (meal), sörsseli (fi) (colloquial), setit (slang), purtava (fi) (colloquial), muru (fi) (in a saying), syötävä (fi), syöminen (fi), naposteltava (fi) (snack), suuhun pantava
French: nourriture (fr) f, alimentation (fr) f, manger (fr) m, bouffe (fr) f
Old French: mangier, norriture
Galician: comida (gl) f, alimento (gl) m
Gallurese: alimentu, riccattu
Georgian: საზრდო (sazrdo), საჭმელი (ka) (sač̣meli), საკვები (saḳvebi)
German: Nahrung (de) f, Essen (de) n, Lebensmittel (de) n, Speise (de) f
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐍃 m (mats)
Greek: τροφή (el) f (trofí), φαγητό (el) n (fagitó), φαΐ (el) n (faḯ)
Ancient: βρῶμα n (brôma), βορά f (borá), (Epic) εἶδαρ n (eîdar)
Guaraní: tembi'u
Guhu-Samane: patta
Gujarati: ખાવાનું (khāvānũ)
Haitian Creole: manje
Halkomelem: s'elhtel
Hawaiian: ʻai
Hebrew: אֹכֶל (he) m (ókhel), מָזוֹן (he) m (mazón)
Hiligaynon: pagkaon
Hindi: खाना (hi) m (khānā), भोजन (hi) m (bhojan)
Hungarian: étel (hu), ennivaló (hu), élelem (hu), étek (hu), táplálék (hu)
Iban: pemakai
Icelandic: matur (is) m, fæði n
Ido: nutrivo (io), nutrajo (io), manjajo (io)
Igbo: nri
Indonesian: makanan (id), pangan (id) (scientific term)
Ingrian: rooka, söökki, toitto, toittu, söömiin
Ingush: яа хӏама (jaa hama)
Interlingua: alimento
Irish: bia (ga)
Italian: cibo (it) m, alimento (it) m, vitto (it) m
Ivatan: kanen
Japanese: 食べ物 (ja) (たべもの, tabemono), 食物 (ja) (しょくもつ, shokumotsu), (scientific) 食料 (ja) (しょくりょう, shokuryō), 飯 (ja) (めし, meshi), 食品 (ja) (しょくひん, shokuhin), (for animals) 餌 (ja) (えさ, esa)
Javanese: pangan, panganan (jv)
Jeju: 밥 (bap)
Kabyle: učči
Kaingang: vẽjẽn
Kannada: ಕೂತ (kn) (kūta), ಬೋನ (kn) (bōna)
Kapampangan: pamangan
Kazakh: ас (as), тамақ (kk) (tamaq)
Khakas: ас (as)
Khasi: jingbam
Khmer: ម្ហូបអាហារ (mhoupʼaahaa), ម្ហូប (km) (mhoup), អាហារ (km) (ʼaahaa)
Khoekhoe: ǂû-i
Kongo: madia
Korean: 음식(飮食) (ko) (eumsik), 먹을 것 (meogeul geot), 식량(食糧) (ko) (singnyang), 먹이 (ko) (meogi), 밥 (ko) (bap), 진지 (ko) (jinji) (honorific)
Kuna: masi
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: خواردەمەنی (xwardemenî), چێشت (ckb) (çêşt)
Northern Kurdish: xurek (ku), xiza (ku)
Kyrgyz: аш (ky) (aş), тамак (ky) (tamak), тамак-аш (ky) (tamak-aş)
Ladino: alimento, komida
Lao: ອາຫານ (lo) (ʼā hān), ເຄື່ອງກິນ (lo) (khư̄ang kin)
Latgalian: iedīņs m
Latin: cibus (la) m, pābulum n, esca f, cibaria, alimentum n, pulmentum
Latvian: pārtika f, ēdiens (lv) m
Laz: gyari
Lithuanian: maistas (lt) m
Lü: ᦃᧁᧉᦓᧄᧉ (ẋaw²nam²), ᦃᧁᧉᦔᦱ (ẋaw²ṗaa)
Luhya: syakhulia
Lushootseed: sʔəɬəd
Macedonian: храна (mk) f (hrana)
Maguindanao: ken
Malay: makanan (ms)
Malayalam: ആഹാരം (ml) (āhāraṁ), ഭക്ഷണം (ml) (bhakṣaṇaṁ)
Maltese: ikel m
Manx: bee
Maori: kai (mi), haupa, kame, kamenga
Maranao: ken
Marathi: खाणे n (khāṇe), अन्न n (anna)
Mauritian Creole: manze
Mazanderani: خه‌راک (xərâk)
Meru: irio
Mingrelian: ოჭკომალი (oč̣ḳomali)
Mirandese: quemido m, alimiento m
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: хоол (mn) (xool), хүнс (mn) (xüns), зоог (mn) (zoog)
Mwani: chakurya
Nahuatl:
Classical: tlacualli
Navajo: chʼiyáán
Neapolitan: mmangià n
Nepali: खाना (khānā)
Ngazidja Comorian: zio class 8
Norman: mang'rie f (Guernsey), nouôrrituthe f (Jersey)
Northern Sami: biebmu
Norwegian:
Bokmål: mat (no) m, føde (no) m or f, næring m or f
Occitan: manjar (oc) m, aliment (oc) m, noiridura (oc) f
Odia: ଖାଦ୍ୟ (or) (khādya)
Ojibwe: miijim
Oromo: nyaata
Ossetian: хӕрд (xærd), хӕринаг (xærinag)
Ottoman Turkish: یی (yeyi), ییه‌جك (yeycek), مانجه (manca), قوت (kut) (food in general); آش (aş) (cooked food)
Paiwan: lami
Pangasinan: panangan
Pannonian Rusyn: єдзенє n (jedzenje), єдло n (jedlo)
Pashto: ډوډۍ (ps) (ḍwoḍay)
Persian:
Classical Persian: غَذا (ğazā), خْوَراک (xwarāk)
Dari: غِذا (fa) (ğizā), خوراک (fa) (xōrāk, xurāk), نان (fa) (nān) (colloquial)
Iranian Persian: غَذا (ğazâ), خوراک (fa) (xorâk)
Pipil: takwal, tacual
Pitcairn-Norfolk: wettles
Pitjantjatjara: mai
Plautdietsch: Äten n
Polish: jedzenie (pl) n, pożywienie (pl) n, żywność (pl) f, strawa (pl) f, jadło (pl) n, pica (pl) f (archaic)
Portuguese: comida (pt) f, alimento (pt) m
Punjabi: ਅਹਾਰ (pa) m (ahār), ਖਾਣਾ m (khāṇā)
Quechua: mikhuna (qu)
Rapa Nui: kai
Rohingya: hána
Romani: xaben m
Romanian: aliment (ro) n, mâncare (ro) f, hrană (ro) f
Russian: еда́ (ru) f (jedá), пи́ща (ru) f (píšča), пита́ние (ru) n (pitánije), (for animals) корм (ru) m (korm), харчи́ (ru) m pl (xarčí) (colloquial), кормёжка (ru) f (kormjóžka) (colloquial), жратва́ (ru) f (žratvá) (slang), ха́вчик (ru) m (xávčik) (slang), ха́вка (ru) f (xávka) (slang), е́жа (ru) f (jéža) (archaic)
Sanskrit: खाद्य (sa) n (khādya), भोजन (sa) n (bhojana), अन्न (sa) n (anna), प्सुरस् (sa) n (psuras), घास (sa) m (ghāsa), आहार (sa) m (āhāra)
Santali: ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ (jômak’)
Sardinian:
Campidanese: alimentu
Logudorese: tzibbu, alimentu
Scottish Gaelic: biadh m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: хра́на f
Roman: hrána (sh) f
Sidamo: sagale
Sinhalese: කෑම (si) (kǣma), ආහාර (si) (āhāra)
Skolt Sami: porrmõš
Slovak: jedlo (sk) n, strava f
Slovene: hrana (sl) f
Somali: cunto
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: jěza f
Sotho: dijo (st)
Southern Altai: аш (aš)
Spanish: alimento (es) m, comida (es) f, víveres (es) m pl, jama (es) f, manduca (es) f, manducatoria (es) f, gueish m (El Salvador), manye (es) f (Latin America), manyé (es) f (Dominican Republic), conducho (es) m (disused)
Swahili: chakula (sw)
Swedish: mat (sv) c, föda (sv) c
Sylheti: please add this translation if you can
Tabasaran: хураг (ꭓurag)
Tagalog: pagkain (tl)
Tajik: ғизо (tg) (ġizo)
Talysh: خراک (xərâk) (Asalem dialect)
Tamil: சாப்பாடு (ta) (cāppāṭu), உணவு (ta) (uṇavu), போனகம் (ta) (pōṉakam), போனம் (ta) (pōṉam)
Tarifit: mašša m
Tatar: аш (tt) (aş), ашамлык (tt) (aşamlıq), азык (tt) (azıq), ризык (tt) (rizıq), аш-су (tt) (aş-su), азык-төлек (tt) (azıq-tölek), нигъмәт (tt) (niğmät), тәгам (tt) (tägam)
Tedim Chin: an
Telugu: ఆహారం (te) (āhāraṁ), తిండి (te) (tiṇḍi), బోనము (te) (bōnamu), భోజనము (te) (bhōjanamu)
Thai: อาหาร (th) (aa-hǎan), ของกิน (th) (kɔ̌ɔng-gin)
Tibetan: ལྟོ (lto), ཁ་ལག (kha lag)
Tigrinya: መግቢ (mägbi)
Tocharian B: śwātsi
Tok Pisin: kaikai
Torres Strait Creole: kaikai
Tumbuka: chakulya
Tupinambá: emi'u (t-)
Turkish: yiyecek (tr), yemek (tr), besin (tr), aş (tr), azık (tr)
Turkmen: aş (tk), azyk (tk)
Tuvan: чем (çem), аъш-чем (àş-çem)
Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎋𐎍 (ảkl)
Ukrainian: ї́жа (uk) f (jíža), харчува́ння n (xarčuvánnja), ї́дло (uk) n (jídlo)
Urdu: کھانا m (khānā), بھوجَن m (bhojan)
Uyghur: ئوزۇق (ozuq), يېمەك (yëmek)
Uzbek: ozuqa (uz), oziq (uz), ovqat (uz), yemak (uz), taom (uz), osh (uz)
Veps: söm
Vietnamese: thức ăn (vi), đồ ăn (vi), thực phẩm (vi)
Volapük: fid (vo)
Võro: süük
Walloon: amagnî (wa) m, amindjî (wa) m
Waray-Waray: pagka-un
Welsh: bwyd (cy) m
West Frisian: fiedsel
Western Panjabi: اہار m, کھانا (pnb) m (khānā)
White Hmong: mov, zaub mov
Woiwurrung: qeeap
Yakut: ас (as)
Yámana: antama
Yiddish: עסן (yi) n (esn)
Yoruba: oúnjẹ
Zazaki: werd (diq) n, cem (diq) m
Zhuang: gijgwn
Zou: en
ǃXóõ: ʻâã :

### See also

* breakfast
* brunch
* dinner
* dish
* dunch
* lunch, luncheon
* meal
* supper
* Category:Foods

### Further reading

* food on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Category:food on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

### Anagrams

* do of, doof