# joe
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: jō
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /d͡ʒəʊ/
*** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
** (General American) IPA: /d͡ʒoʊ/
* Homophones: Jo, Joe, Zhou
* Rhymes: -əʊ

### Etymology 1

From the proper name Joe.

#### Noun

joe (plural joes)
* (informal) A male; a guy; a fellow.
    I'm just an ordinary joe.
* (UK, slang) A spy, especially a double agent.
** 2001, Tod Hoffman, Le Carré's Landscape, page 193:Name me a joe in a bad country ... who doesn't fall for a pretty face if she's on his side against the world.
** 2004, Richard W. Cutler, Counterspy, page 96:Soviet troops were permitted to enter the American sector, where they could easily capture and torture an agent to confirm the existence of a Joe house, then cripple American espionage efforts by kidnapping a nest of spies in one fell swoop.
** 2009, John Fleming, Stoppard's Theatre: Finding Order amid Chaos, page 178:Then Hapgood turned him into a joe — that is, he works for the British.
** 2010, Mick Herron, Slow Horses, page 215:Lamb didn't look any different, was still a soft fat rude bastard, still dressed like he'd been thrown through a charity shop window, but Jesus, River thought—Lamb was a joe.
* (historical) Synonym of johannes (“An old Portuguese gold coin bearing a figure of John V of Portugal.”)
** 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Chapter XCIX. The Doubloon”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 481:I have seen doubloons before now in my voyagings; your doubloons of old Spain, your doubloons of Peru, your doubloons of Chili, your doubloons of Bolivia, your doubloons of Popayan; with plenty of gold moidores and pistoles, and joes, and half joes, and quarter joes.
** 1861, “United States Mint”, “Chapter I. Establishment of Mint—Standard of Coins—Laws Regulating Coinage—Progress of Coinage—Precious Metals in the Country”, in Eighty Years’ Progress of the United States: […], volume I, New York: […]. Worcester, Mass.: L. Stebbins, page 213, column 1:Guineas, joes, half joes, doubloons, and pistoles of various origin constituted the gold currency, while the silver was mostly the Spanish American dollar and its fractions: the half, quarter, eighth, and sixteenth, with the pistareen and half pistareen.
** 1863 August, The Historical Magazine, and Notes and Queries Concerning the Antiquities, History and Biography of America, volume VII, number 8, New York: Charles B. Richardson, […]. London: Trübner & Co., page 245, column 2:In the olden time the currency, you know, was a l in gold and silver, joes, half-joes (Johannes), pistoles, moidores, doubloons, pistareens, ninepences (12+$^1$⁄$_2$ cents), and fourpence-half-pennies (6+$^1$⁄$_4$ cents) or “fippenny-bits.”

##### Alternative forms

* Joe

##### Derived terms

* average joe
* cup o' joe
* cuppa joe
* dwarf joe-pye weed
* green joe-pye weed
* half joe
* joe blake
* joe job
* joe-pye weed
* mumbly joe
* sloppy joe

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Uncertain. See cup of joe for more.

#### Noun

joe (countable and uncountable, plural joes)
* (chiefly US, informal) Coffee.
** 2008 January–February, “70 Ways to Improve Every Day of the Week”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, page 135:45 have some joe Week's almost over—now bring it home. Austrian researchers found that a cup of java resulted in a 45-minute boost of brain activity in the regions responsible for attention, concentration, and short-term memory.
** 2010, Melody Carlson, A Mile in My Flip-Flops, page 221:Some people say I make the best joe in town. But you know there's a kiosk over on Eighteenth Avenue, not that far from here.

##### Related terms

* cup of joe

##### Translations
### Etymology 3
#### Noun

joe (plural joes)
* (Scotland) Alternative form of jo (“a darling or sweetheart”)
** 1836 Joanna Baillie The Phantom, Act 2. Provost, to a maidservant.
    I fear, my joe, the good that I can do him, Or ev'n the minister, if he were here, Would be but little.

## Dalmatian
### Alternative forms

* ioe

### Pronoun

joe f (plural jai)
* (third-person feminine singular pronoun, oblique case) her

#### Related terms

* jala
* joi (masculine)
* jai

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ju/
* Audio:(file)

### Interjection

joe
* (colloquial) bye
* (colloquial) okay, sure
    Ik bel je later. -Joe. - I will call you later. -Okay.
* (colloquial) thanks
    Mag ik je pen lenen? -Alsjeblieft. -Joe! - Can I borrow your pen. -There you go. -Thanks!

## Norman
### Alternative forms

* jaue, jouoe

### Etymology

Inherited from Old French joe, from Vulgar Latin *gauta. Compare French joue.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʒo], [ˈʒow]
* IPA: [ˈʒu] (borrowed from French?)

### Noun

joe f (plural joes)
* cheek

### References

* ALF: Atlas Linguistique de la France [Linguistic Atlas of France] – map 724: “joue” – on lig-tdcge.imag.fr
* Delesques, Henri (1887) “joe”, in Dictionnaire de patois normand: […] (in French), page 374
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*gaba”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 5

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* jode, joude (archaic or orthographically archaizing)
* joue, jouue, jowe, jouwe (forms reflecting introduction of antihiatic /w/, raising of /ɔ/ to /u/, or both)
* goe, goue⁠, gouhe⁠, gowe (⟨g⟩ either genuine northern /ɡ/ or Anglo-Norman graphy for /d͡ʒ/)
* ⁠joewe⁠, jewe⁠, ⁠joie⁠, ⁠joye⁠, ⁠yoe⁠, ⁠giue⁠ (unusual; some forms may reflect [ɔw]~[ɔj] interchange; ⟨y⟩ prob. alt. graphy for /d͡ʒ/)

### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gauta. Attested from ca. 1100 onwards.

### Pronunciation

* (archaic) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɔðə/
* (classical) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɔə/
* (late) IPA: /ˈʒuə/
(central pronunciations)

### Noun

joe oblique singular, f (oblique plural joes, nominative singular joe, nominative plural joes)
* cheek
* jaw

#### Descendants

* French: joue
* Norman: joe, jaue, jouoe
* Walloon: gawe
* → Middle English: joue, goue, jovwe, jowwe, jaue, jeaue, geoue
** English: jaw

#### References

* “joe”, in DEAF: Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français, Heidelberg: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1968-.
* jowe on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
* Pope, Mildred Katherine (1934) From Latin to French with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman, Manchester: Manchester University Press, page 210
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*gaba”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 5

## Sranan Tongo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ju/

### Pronoun

joe
* Superseded spelling of yu.