# kram
## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse krama (“to press, squeeze”), from kremja (“to crush”).

#### Noun

kram n (singular definite krammet, plural indefinite kram)
* hug

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Old Norse kram, from Middle Low German kräm (“fine cloth; also used for merchant tents, thus later a synonym for merchandise”), probably ultimately of Slavic origin; see German Kram.

#### Noun

kram n (singular definite krammet, not used in plural form)
* stuff, things, goods
** 2017, Hans Lyngby Jepsen, Træerne, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:For mange mennesker, for mange fødder, for meget støv og for meget billigt kram.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1929, J. L. Bjørner, Robert Storm Petersen, Frihandelens fane: et økonomiskpolitisk nutidsbillede paa en historisk baggrund:Mange bar jo ikke Raad til andet. En Toldlov kan forhindre Importen af billigt Kram, men den kan ikke forhindre, at der opstaar en indenlandsk Fabrikation baseret paa Kram, paa slet, men dyrt Kram, og som kun vil lokke Arbejde og Kapital ...(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1976, Svend Åge Madsen, Tugt og utugt i mellemtiden: roman:Der er utallige diske med farvestrålende varer, boder med billigt kram, lokkende skilte, pyramider af dåser, kurve med brød, bokse med frosset kød, alt i ét virvar, der skal gøre kunden så forvirret at hun køber mere end hun har brug for og råd til ...(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Synonyms

* (positive): vare
* (negative): bras, ragelse, møg

#### Verb

kram
* imperative of kramme

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch cramme, from Middle Dutch crimmen (“to catch, grab (with claws)”), from Proto-West Germanic *krimman.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /krɑm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kram
* Rhymes: -ɑm

### Noun

kram f (plural krammen, diminutive krammetje n)
* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself! Particularly: "sense 1. best illustrated with an image, no precise English translation"
* staple (U-shaped metal fastener to bind materials together, for example to attach fence wire to posts)
* (Medicine) surgical staple
    Synonym: hechtkram

#### Hyponyms

* (staple): nietje (to bind sheets of paper together)

#### Derived terms

* krammen (“to attach or seal with staples”)

#### Descendants

* → Papiamentu: kramchi, kranchi, kramtsje (from the diminutive)

### References

* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “kram”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

### Further reading

* Matthias de Vries, Lambert Allard te Winkel (1864) “KRAM”, in Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, published 2001

### Anagrams

* Mark

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

kram
* singular imperative of kramen
* (colloquial) first-person singular present of kramen

## Indonesian
### Noun

kram (plural kram-kram)
* (medicine, colloquial) alternative spelling of keram (“cramp”)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse krammr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /krɑm/

### Adjective

kram (neuter singular kramt, definite singular and plural kramme, comparative krammere, indefinite superlative krammest, definite superlative krammeste)
* having a temperature near the melting point, wet, sticky (of snow)
    Det er lettere å lage snøballer når snøen er kram.Making snowballs is easier when the snow is sticky.

### References

* “kram” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse krammr.

### Adjective

kram (neuter singular kramt, definite singular and plural kramme, comparative krammare, indefinite superlative krammast, definite superlative krammaste)
* having a temperature near the melting point, wet, sticky (of snow)

### References

* “kram” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* Lexin ordbøker på nett

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* krom (Northern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle High German krām, from Old High German kram, itself probably borrowed from Slavic. See modern German Kram.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkram/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -am
* Syllabification: kram

### Noun

kram m inan (diminutive kramik)
* (dated) market stall, market stand
    Synonym: stragan

#### Derived terms

* kramarski
* kramarz
* kramnica

### Further reading

* kram in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kram in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## South Efate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kram/

### Noun

kram
* axe

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /krɑːm/

### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish kram, from Old Norse kram, from Middle Low German kräm (“fine cloth; also used for merchant tents, thus later a synonym for merchandise”), probably ultimately of Slavic origin; see German Kram. Related to Danish kram, Icelandic kram.

#### Noun

kram n
* A merchandise, commodities, small and cheap products sold to consumers; trash (useless merchandise).
** 1831, Fredrik Cederborgh, Berättelse om Den, först rike och ansedde, sedermera fattige och föraktade John Hall‎, page 5:För att kunna åtkomma dylikt, wäl rätt artigt men föga räntegifwande kram, beslöt han, att, med en särdeles wäl försedd kaßa, resa till Danmarks hufwudstad, ungefär trettio mil aflägsen från deß födelseort Götheborg.In order to be able to access such, indeed quite proper trifle but not paying much interest, he decided, with a particularly well-stocked coffer, to travel to Denmark's capital city, about thirty miles distant from his birthplace, Gothenburg.

##### Related terms

* krimskrams
* kräma

### Etymology 2

From the verb krama (“to squeeze, to hug”).

#### Adjective

kram
* (of snow) wet, cloggy; that easily forms snowballs

##### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

##### Related terms

* kramsnö

#### Noun

kram c or n
* a hug, an embrace

##### Synonyms

* kjam (slang)
* kramis (informal, childish)
* omfamning

##### Derived terms

* kramis
* kramsjuk
* styrkekram

### References

* kram in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* kram in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* kram in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* karm, mark