# 鱷

| 鱷 | U+9C77, &#40055; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9C77 |
| ← 鱶 [U+9C76] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鱸 → [U+9C78] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鱷 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+16, 27 strokes, cangjie input 弓火一土口 (NFMGR), four-corner 2632$_7$, composition ⿰魚噩)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1480, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46597
* Dae Jaweon: page 2012, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4720, character 10
* Unihan data for U+9C77

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 斥 | *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ |
| 訴 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 泝 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 愬 | *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ |
| 遡 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 塑 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 溯 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 遻 | *ŋaːɡs |
| 柝 | *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ |
| 鶚 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 諤 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 齶 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鍔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 遌 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 崿 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 偔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 堮 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 湂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鱷 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 噩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 咢 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鑩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鄂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鰐 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 萼 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 愕 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 顎 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 朔 | *sŋraːɡ |
| 槊 | *sraːwɢ |
| 蒴 | *sraːwɢ |
| 坼 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 拆 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 逆 | *ŋraɡ |
| 屰 | *ŋraɡ |
| 縌 | *ŋraɡ |
| 蝷 | *reːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːɡ): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ).

### Etymology

Within Chinese, Carr (1990) relates it to:
* 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “to beat the drum”), either because drumming was associated with dragons or because some drums were made of crocodilian skins (Schuessler, 2007).
* Words for “fear”, e.g. 愕 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “startled; terrified”), 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “frightening; startling”).
Outside of Chinese, Carr (1990) also relates it to:
* Proto-Tai *ŋwak (“mythical water creature”) (reconstruction from Chamberlain, 1977), which Pittayaporn (2009-2010), reconstructing the root as *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”), holds to be a loan from Chinese.
* Proto-Austro-Tai *(m)baŋiwak (“shark; crocodile”), posited by Paul K. Benedict and proposed by him to give rise to the Tai word, as well as Japanese 鰐(わに) (wani, “crocodilian; shark”), 魚(うお) (uo, “fish”).
Vovin (2021) notes that 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) "aquatic reptile, saltwater crocodile" was attested late, for the first time in Shuowen as 𧊜; and that "it would be very weird if the word for a ‘saltwater crocodile’ from the middle of Huang-he (黃河) river basin that lies quite far away from both tropics and the sea would be borrowed by Tai languages in Southern China". Therefore, Vovin contends that, instead, 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) had been borrowed into Later Han Chinese from Tai.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): è (e$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngok$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngok$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngo̍k
* Northern Min (KCR): ngŏ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngáuk / ngăuk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): go̍k / kho̍k / ngo̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngag$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$ngoq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngo$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: è
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: è
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$
*** Yale: è
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngok$^6$
*** Yale: ngohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngok$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡɔk̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngo̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngog
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋok̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngáuk / ngăuk
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɑuʔ²⁴/, /ŋouʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: go̍k
*** Tâi-lô: go̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɔk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kho̍k
*** Tâi-lô: kho̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qok
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngo̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ngo̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngok
*** IPA (Singapore): /ŋɔk̚⁴³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nga̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋak̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$ngoq
*** MiniDict: ngoh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$ngoq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋoʔ¹²/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ngo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋo²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ngak
Rime :
| Character | 鱷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五各切 |
| Baxter | ngak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | è |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngok$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鱷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9459 |
| Phonetic component | 屰 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 咢 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːɡ/ |
| Notes | 鰐或體 |

### Definitions

鱷
* crocodilian; crocodile; alligator

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 鱷, 忽雷, 骨雷 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鱷 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 鱷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鱷魚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 鱷魚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鱷魚 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鱷魚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 鱷魚 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鱷魚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鱷魚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鱷魚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 鱷魚 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 鱷魚 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 鱷魚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鱷魚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鱷魚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鱷魚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鱷魚 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 峇仔 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 峇仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 峇仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 峇仔, 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鱷魚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 峇囝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 鱷魚, 峇囝 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 峇囝 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 峇囝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 峇囝 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 峇囝 |

### Compounds

* 大鱷 / 大鳄 (dà'è)
* 揚子鱷 / 扬子鳄 (yángzǐ'è)
* 澳洲鱷魚 / 澳洲鳄鱼
* 灣鱷 / 湾鳄 (wān'è)
* 短吻鱷 / 短吻鳄 (duǎnwěn'è)
* 鱷梨 / 鳄梨 (èlí)
* 鱷溪 / 鳄溪
* 鱷魚 / 鳄鱼 (èyú)
* 鱷魚眼淚 / 鳄鱼眼泪 (èyú yǎnlèi)
* 鹹水鱷 / 咸水鳄 (xiánshuǐ'è)

### Descendants

* →? Proto-Tai: *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”)
** Ahom: 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ṅük, “crocodile; nāga”)
** Lao: ເງືອກ (ngư̄ak, “merperson; electric eel”)
** Shan: ငိူၵ်ႈ (ngōek, “alligator; crocodile”)
** Thai: เงือก (ngʉ̂ʉak, “snake; nāga; crocodilian; mythical water creature; merperson”)

### References

* 𧊜 in Chinese Text Project's Dictionary

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 鰐 |
| Kyūjitai | 鱷 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鰐)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: がく (gaku)
* Kan-on: がく (gaku)
* Kun: わに (wani, 鱷)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鱷: Hán Nôm readings: ngạc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.