# 冬至
## Chinese

* 冬至 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 冬至 (Cantonese)
* Tûng-chṳ (Hakka)
* Dĕ̤ng-cé (Eastern Min)
* Tang-chì (Southern Min)
* 冬至 (Wu)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dōngzhì
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄓˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dong$^1$ zi$^4$
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): dònzhiī
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dung$^1$ zi$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): uung$^1$ zi$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): dung$^1$ zi$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): tûng-chṳ
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dung$^1$ zi$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dung$^1$ zi$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dĕ̤ng-cé
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tong-chì / tang-chì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dang$^1$ zi$^3$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$ton-tsy$_5$ / $^1$ton-tsyu$_5$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong$^1$ zhr$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dōngzhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dongjhìh
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^1$-chih$^4$
*** Yale: dūng-jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongjyh
*** Palladius: дунчжи (dunčži)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: dong$^1$ zi$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dungz
*** Sinological IPA : /toŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹³/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: dònzhiī
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): don$^1$ zhii$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /toŋ³¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^1$ zi$^3$
*** Yale: dūng ji
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^1$ dzi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^1$ ji$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: uung$^1$ zi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɵŋ³³ t͡si³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: dung$^1$ zi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tuŋ⁴² t͡sz̩³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-chṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˊ$ zii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^1$ zi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dung$^1$ zi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: dung$^1$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuŋ¹¹ t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dĕ̤ng-cé
*** Sinological IPA : /tøyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒɛi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-chì
*** Tâi-lô: tong-tsì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dongcix
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ³³ t͡si⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-chì
*** Tâi-lô: tang-tsì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dangcix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dang$^1$ zi$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang tsì
*** Sinological IPA : /taŋ³³⁻²³ t͡si²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Changzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ton-tsy$_5$
*** MiniDict: ton$^平$ tsy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ton-tsr$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /toŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /toŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ton-tsyu$_5$
*** MiniDict: ton$^平$ tsyu$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /toŋ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩ʷ/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: dong$^1$ zhr$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʊŋ³³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /tən³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁵/

### Noun

冬至
* winter solstice (one of the solar terms, around the 22nd of December)
    冬至快樂／冬至快乐 ― dōngzhì kuàilè ― Happy Dongzhi
    From: 《幼學瓊林》
    dōngzhì dào ér jiāhuī fēi, lìqiū zhì ér wúyè luò [Pinyin]
    When the winter solstice arrives, the ash flies, and when the autumn begins, the leaves fall.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 冬至, 南至 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 冬至 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 冬至 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 冬至 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 冬至 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 冬至 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 冬至 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 冬至 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 冬至 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 冬至 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 冬至 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 冬至 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 冬至 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 冬至 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 冬至 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 冬, 過冬 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 冬至, 過冬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 冬至 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 冬至 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 冬至 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 冬至 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 冬至 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 冬至, 長至 dated |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 冬至 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 冬至 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 冬至 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 冬至 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 冬至 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 冬至 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 冬至 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 冬至 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 冬至 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 冬至 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 冬至 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 冬至 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 冬至, 大冬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 冬至 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 冬至, 冬節, 冬 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 冬至, 冬, 冬節 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 冬至 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 冬至 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 冬至 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 冬至 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 冬至 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 冬至 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 冬節, 冬至 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 冬節, 冬至 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 冬節 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 冬節, 冬至 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 冬節 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 冬節 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 冬至 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 冬至 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 冬至, 過冬 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 冬至 |
| Jin | Linhe | 冬至 |
| Jin | Jining | 冬至 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 冬至 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 冬至 |
| Jin | Handan | 冬至 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 冬節 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 冬至, 冬節 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 冬至 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 冬節, 小年兜 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 冬節 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 冬至, 冬節 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 冬至 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 冬至 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 冬至 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 冬至 |
| Wu | Danyang | 冬至 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 冬至 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 冬至 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 冬節 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 冬至 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 冬至 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 冬至 |

#### Coordinate terms

* 夏至 (xiàzhì)

#### Derived terms

* 冬至羊，夏至狗

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 冬至(とうじ) (tōji)
* → Korean: 동지(冬至) (dongji)

### See also

* 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
** Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
** Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
** Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 冬 | 至 |
| とう Grade: 2 | し > じ Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーじ [tòójí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ːʑi]

### Noun

冬(とう)至(じ) • (tōji)
* winter solstice

### See also

* 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)節(せっ)気(き) (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立(りっ)春(しゅん) (Risshun), 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui), 啓(けい)蟄(ちつ) (Keichitsu), 春(しゅん)分(ぶん) (Shunbun), 清(せい)明(めい) (Seimei), 穀(こく)雨(う) (Kokuu)
** Summer: 立(りっ)夏(か) (Rikka), 小(しょう)満(まん) (Shōman), 芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) (Bōshu), 夏(げ)至(し) (Geshi), 小(しょう)暑(しょ) (Shōsho), 大(たい)暑(しょ) (Taisho)
** Autumn: 立(りっ)秋(しゅう) (Risshū), 処(しょ)暑(しょ) (Shosho), 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro), 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (Shūbun), 寒(かん)露(ろ) (Kanro), 霜(そう)降(こう) (Sōkō)
** Winter: 立(りっ)冬(とう) (Rittō), 小(しょう)雪(せつ) (Shōsetsu), 大雪(たいせつ) (Taisetsu), 冬(とう)至(じ) (Tōji), 小(しょう)寒(かん) (Shōkan), 大寒(だいかん) (Daikan)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 冬 | 至 |

### Noun

冬至 • (dongji) (hangeul 동지)
* hanja form of 동지 (“winter solstice”)

### See also

* 이십사절기(二十四節氣) (Isipsajeolgi, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 입춘(立春) (Ipchun), 우수(雨水) (Usu), 경칩(驚蟄) (Gyeongchip), 춘분(春分) (Chunbun), 청명(淸明) (Cheongmyeong), 곡우(穀雨) (Gogu)
** Summer: 입하(立夏) (Ipha), 소만(小滿) (Soman), 망종(芒種) (Mangjong), 하지(夏至) (Haji), 소서(小暑) (Soseo), 대서(大暑) (Daeseo)
** Autumn: 입추(立秋) (Ipchu), 처서(處暑) (Cheoseo), 백로(白露) (Baengno), 추분(秋分) (Chubun), 한로(寒露) (Hallo), 상강(霜降) (Sanggang)
** Winter: 입동(立冬) (Ipdong), 소설(小雪) (soseol), 대설(大雪) (Daeseol), 동지(冬至) (Dongji), 소한(小寒) (Sohan), 대한(大寒) (Daehan)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 冬 | 至 |

### Noun

冬至
* chữ Hán form of đông chí (“winter solstice”).

### See also

* Hai mươi tư tiết khí (𠄩𨒒四節氣, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: Lập xuân (立春)、Vũ thủy (雨水)、Kinh trập (驚蟄)、Xuân phân (春分)、Thanh minh (清明)、Cốc vũ (穀雨)
** Summer: Lập hạ (立夏)、Tiểu mãn (小滿)、Mang chủng (芒種)、Hạ chí (夏至)、Tiểu thử (小暑)、Đại thử (大暑)
** Autumn: Lập thu (立秋)、Xử thử (處暑)、Bạch lộ (白露)、Thu phân (秋分)、Hàn lộ (寒露)、Sương giáng (霜降)
** Winter: Lập đông (立冬)、Tiểu tuyết (小雪)、Đại tuyết (大雪)、Đông chí (冬至)、Tiểu hàn (小寒)、Đại hàn (大寒)