# turbid
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English turbide, borrowed from Latin turbidus (“disturbed”), from turba (“mass, throng, crowd, tumult, disturbance”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɜː(ɹ)bɪd/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

turbid (comparative more turbid, superlative most turbid)
* Having the lees or sediment disturbed; not clear. (of a liquid)
    Synonyms: confused, cloudy, disordered, disturbed, droff, roiled
    turbid water
    turbid wine
** 1827, The Medico-chirurgical Review and Journal of Medical Science:On the 6th October, the 18th day of her illness, she presented the following phenomena: — pulse small and quick — urine yellow and turbid.
** 1853, Pisistratus Caxton [pseudonym; Edward Bulwer-Lytton], “Final Chapter”, in “My Novel”; Or Varieties in English Life […], volume IV, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book twelfth, page 283:He seeks in vain to occupy his days with rural pursuits; he to whom the excitements of a metropolis, with all its corruption and its vices, were the sole sources of the turbid stream that he called "pleasure!"
** 1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Part II, XXIII [Uniform ed., p. 217]:
    He perceived more clearly the cruelty of Nature, to whom our refinement and piety are but as bubbles, hurrying downwards on the turbid waters.
** 2004, Jukka A. Räty, Kai-Erik Peiponen, Toshimitsu Asakura, UV-Visible Reflection Spectroscopy of Liquids, →ISBN, page 30:This makes the estimation of the refractive index of the turbid liquid quite problematic.
** 2005, Jeff Sparrow, Wild Brews: Beer Beyond the Influence of Brewer's Yeast, →ISBN:The resulting impression filled with turbid mash liquor, which was hand-pumped through a tube into a separate kettle.
** 2013, Marten Scheffer, Ecology of Shallow Lakes, →ISBN, page ix:In the turbid state, the development of submerged vegetation is prevented by low underwater light levels.
* Smoky or misty.
    Synonyms: fumid, hazy; see also Thesaurus:nebulous
** 1776, Joseph Priestley, Experiments And Observations On Different Kinds Of Air:Towards the last I increased the heat, and by that means produced a very turbid air, of which I collected a prodigious quantity.
** 2012, Agnes Christina Laut, The Freebooters of the Wilderness, →ISBN:Involuntarily, he stepped behind some alder brush off the trail. Another flutter of wind thinning the turbid mist.
** 2014, Thad Godish, Wayne T. Davis, Joshua S. Fu, Air Quality, →ISBN, page 112:The turbid air over major cities is often described as a dust dome.
* Unclear; confused; obscure.
    Synonyms: ambiguous, equivocal; see also Thesaurus:incomprehensible, Thesaurus:vague
** 2010, Adrian Mackenzie, Wirelessness: Radical Empiricism in Network Cultures, →ISBN, page 1:Motion, to take a good example, is originally a turbid sensation, of which the native shape is perhaps best preserved in the phenomenon of vertigo.
** 2012, Julia James, The Dark Side Of Desire, →ISBN:Those turbid emotions swirled inside him again—part frustration, part anxiety.
** 2016, Cecilia Muratori, The First German Philosopher, →ISBN:In the aforementioned paragraph 406 of the Encyclopedia, magnetic ecstasy is described as a confused and turbid experience because its content does not present itself in rational form: for this reason the state of the somnambulist should not be considered as a possible path to cognition (Erkenntnis).

#### Derived terms

* turbidity
* turbidly
* turbidness

#### Related terms

* disturb
* perturb
* trouble
* turbine
* turbulence
* turbulent

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “turbid”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “turbid”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “turbid”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.