# sa
## Translingual
### Symbol

sa
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Sanskrit.

## Abau
### Noun

sa
* woman

### References

* transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

## Acehnese
### Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/

### Numeral

sa
* one

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Ainu
### Noun

sa (Kana spelling サ)
* elder sister
    Synonym: nanna

### References

* John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)‎, Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., page 385
* Vovin, Alexander V. (2016) “On the Linguistic Prehistory of Hokkaidō”, in Gruzdeva Ekaterina, Janhunen Juha, editors, Crosslinguistics and Linguistic Crossings in Northeast Asia. Papers on the Languages of Sakhalin and Adjacent Regions (Studia Orientalia; 117), Helsinki, pages 29–38

## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *si-a, a combination of two pronominal members, Proto-Indo-European *kʷih₂ and *h₂ew-/*h₂en-. Alternatively from Proto-Albanian *tšja or, as per Meyer, from Greek σαν (san, “when, whenever”).

### Pronoun

sa
* how much

#### Derived terms

* sasi

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “sa”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 392
* ↑ Meyer, G. (1891) “sa”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 375

## Ama
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/

### Noun

sa
* rain

## Atong (India)
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sʰa/

### Numeral

sa (Bengali script সা)
* one

#### Synonyms

* rongsa
* wan
* eek

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

## Bahnar
### Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *caː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”); cognate with Halang cha, Koho saa, Semai ca, Pacoh cha, Khmer ស៊ី (sii) and Mon စ (ca).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saː/

### Verb

sa
* to eat

## Balinese
### Romanization

sa
* Romanization of ᬲ

## Banjarese

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification with the reason: “is this shortened form really used? (except for the proclitic sa-)”
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Numeral

sa
* Short for asa (“one”).

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

From Old Catalan sa~san, from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [sə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [sa]
* Homophone: ça

#### Adjective

sa (feminine sana, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sanes)
* healthy

##### Derived terms

* sa i estalvi
* sanament
* sanejar

##### Related terms

* insà
* malsà
* sanitat

### Etymology 2

From Latin ipsa.

#### Article

sa f
* (Balearic) nominative feminine singular of es

### References

* “sa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “sa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “sa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “sa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cebuano
### Alternative forms

* 's — contraction, informal

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa. Compare Tagalog sa, Bikol Central sa, Hiligaynon sa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/ [s̪ɐ]

#### Preposition

sa
* marks the indirect object or recipient of the verb: to
    Coordinate terms: kang, (colloquial) ni — used before personal names
    Gihatag na nako ang tanan sa akong amigo. ― I already gave everything to my friend.
* refers to the location of something or some action: in; at; on
    Naa sa lamisa. ― On the table.
    Sa Pilipinas ko gipanganak. ― I was born in the Philippines.
* refers to motion towards or away from a definite location:
** to the; towards the
    Synonym: padulong (sa)
    Moadto siya sa sinehan unya. ― He's going to the movies later.
** from the; away from the
    Synonym: gikan (sa)
    Mihawa ko sa balay. ― I went away from the house.
* refers to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
    Synonyms: (colloquial) inig-, ig-
    Sa Lunes mi mouli. ― We're going home on Monday.
* refers to accompaniment with a definite partner or object: with; together with; in company with
    Synonyms: uban (sa/ang), kuyog (sa/ang)
    Nikuyog si Juan sa iyang papa. ― Juan went with his father.
* used in comparisons: than
    Synonym: kaysa (sa/kang)
    Mas paspas ang eroplano sa imong sakyanan. ― The airplane is faster than your car.
* refers to the cause of action: due to; because of
    Synonyms: tungod sa, kay
    Namatay sila sa kagutom. ― They died of hunger.
* refers to the definite tool or instrument used for doing: with, through, by
    Synonym: gamit (ang)
    Iyang gisagpa sa kamot. ― He slapped him with the hand.
* refers to the basis of action: through, by, on the basis of
    Migawas ang estudyante sa pagsugot sa maestro. ― The student went out by the teacher's permission.

##### Usage notes

* Used in combination with other words to form more specific prepositional phrases:
    sa babaw (sa) ― on top (of)
    sa sulod (sa) ― within, inside (of)
    pinaagi sa ― by means of
    tungod sa ― due to, because of
* In senses where definiteness is encoded, sa is used in contrast with og, which refers to indefinite relations.

#### See also

| | | Direct | Direct | Indirect | Indirect | Oblique |
| | | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Oblique |
| Common | Singular | ang | ing$^†$, 'y | sa, sang$^†$ | og | sa |
| Common | Plural | ang mga | ing mga$^†$, 'y mga | sa mga, sang mga$^†$ | og mga | sa mga |
| Personal | Singular | si | si | ni | ni | kang* |
| Personal | Plural | sila ni, silang sa$^†$ | sila ni, silang sa$^†$ | nila ni, nilang na$^†$ | nila ni, nilang na$^†$ | (kan)ila ni*, (kan)ilang* ka$^†$ |
| $^†$Archaic *Indirect personal forms used instead in colloquial speech. |||||||

### Etymology 2

From earlier sang, conflating with sa (“to, in, at”). Compare Hiligaynon sang, Waray-Waray han, Tagalog ng.

#### Article

sa
* definite indirect marker for nouns other than personal names
    Coordinate term: og — for indefinite nouns
    Mikaon sa isda ang iring.The cat ate the fish.
    Gikaon sa iring ang isda.The cat ate the fish.
* of, 's; marks possession
    luto sa inahan ― mother's cooking
    babaw sa lamisa ― on top of the table
** of the; with a definite possessor
    Coordinate term: og — see Usage notes
    anak sa hari ― son of the king

##### Usage notes

* In marking possession, the usage of sa is contrasted with that of og in certain possessive relations, such as kinship terms:
    inahan sa hari ― mother of the king
    inahan og hari ― mother of a king
* But this distinction does not apply to all possessive phrases:
    mga dahon sa punuan ― (a/the) tree's leaves
    mga dahon og punuan ― is ungrammatical
* However, the contrast is mostly unused in everyday speech, with sa used in all possessive phrases.

### Etymology 3

Compare Tagalog sina, Tausug hinda, Kinaray-a sanday.

#### Article

sa
* (archaic) direct marker for plural personal names
    Synonyms: sila ni, silang

### Etymology 4

From usa, isa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsaʔ/ [ˈs̪aʔ]

#### Noun

sà
* shortened form of usa, isa (“for now, before doing”)

### Etymology 5

Elision of the "l" in sala (“strain”), from Proto-Philippine *sáraʔ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsa(ː)/ [ˈs̪a(ː)]

#### Noun

sa
* (Cebu) shortened form of sala (“strain”)

### Etymology 6

Elision of the "l" in sala (“fault, sin”), from Inherited from Proto-Philippine *salaq.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsa(ː)ʔ/ [ˈs̪a(ː)ʔ]

#### Noun

sâ
* (Cebu) shortened form of sala (“fault, sin”)

## Chipewyan
### Etymology

Compare South Slavey sa

### Noun

sa
* sun
* watch

## Drung
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/p-wa.

### Noun

sa
* tooth

### References

Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎, Santa Barbara: University of California

## Duriankere
### Noun

sa
* water

### Further reading

* Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics)

## Duun
### Noun

sa
* fire

### Further reading

* Duungooma ABC (alphabet duun), page 26

## Eastern Cham
### Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saː/

### Numeral

sa (Akhar Thrah spelling ꨧ, Cham symbol ꩑)
* one

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Estonian
### Alternative forms

* Sa (optional capitalization)

### Etymology

Short form of sina

### Pronoun

sa (genitive su, partitive sind, long form sina)
* you, thou (in unstressed positions)
    Mis sa teed seal? ― What are you doing there?

#### See also
### Further reading

* “sa”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “sa”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
* sa in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## Finnish
### Etymology

See sinä; developed through contraction.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑ
* Hyphenation: sa

### Pronoun

sa
* (personal, archaic, poetic) you (second-person singular pronoun)

#### Declension

Other forms than the nominative generally align with sä.

#### Synonyms

* sinä (standard Finnish; see it for full list)

### Further reading

* “sa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* -as, as

## Franco-Provençal
### Determiner

sa
* feminine singular of son

## French
### Etymology

From Old French sa, from Latin sua feminine form of suus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/
* Audio:(file)

### Determiner

sa f sg
* (possessive) his, her, its, their, one's
    Emma est allée chez sa sœur.Emma went to her sister's house.
    Pierre a perdu sa carte d’identité.Pierre has lost his identity card.
    Sa voiture est blanche.Their car is white.

#### Related terms
### Further reading

* “sa”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* as

## Futuna-Aniwa
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *saqa.

### Adjective

sa
* bad
* ugly

## Galician
### Etymology

Either from Proto-Germanic *saliz (“house, hall”), or from Proto-Germanic *sēaną (“to sow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsaː/

### Noun

sa f (plural sas)
* generation, litter
* sowing season

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “sala”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
* ↑ Piel, J. M. (1973), "Betrachtungen zu hisp.-got. *sala, gal.-pg. Sáa, Sá", in Studia Iberica. Festschrift für Hans Flache. München: Francke Verlag. page 463.

## Garo
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik. Cognate with Tibetan གཅིག (gcig), Burmese တစ် (tac).

### Numeral

sa
* one

## Gothic
### Romanization

sa
* Romanization of 𐍃𐌰

## Guaraní
### Adjective

sa
* (cardinal number) one hundred

#### Derived terms

* saha

## Hadza
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/

### Verb

sa
* to rain

### Noun

sa
* the form of sako or its inflections after a determiner

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French ça.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/

### Verb

sa
* can, to be able to

### Determiner

sa
* this
* these
** 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik‎:Dapre Misey Guaido, 2 peyi sa yo ap defann sèlman enterè biznis yo ak Venezuela.According to Mr. Guaido, these two countries are only defending their business interests in Venezuela.
* that
* those

### Pronoun

sa
* (demonstrative) this
* (demonstrative) these
* (demonstrative) that
* (demonstrative) those
* (interrogative) what
* (relative) what

#### Derived terms

* kisa

## Hanunoo
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *sa (locative marker).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsa/ [ˈsa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: sa

### Preposition

sa (Hanunoo spelling ᜰ)
* to
    Synonym: (literary) kan
* on; at; in
* by
* for
* from

#### Usage notes

* For personal names, kan (or kana if plural) is used instead.

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 232
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*sa₂”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Haroi
### Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

### Numeral

sa
* one

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Hausa
### Etymology

Generally thought to be from Proto-Chadic (compare Proto-Central Chadic *ɬa, whence Mbuko slā, Uldeme slà, Bana slá, Muyang ɬà, Moloko ɬa, Zulgo-Gemzek sla, Podoko sla, Daba zlà, Lagwan nsla), but Newman dissents and considers it a possible borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sâː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [sâː]

### Noun

sâ m (feminine sānìyā, plural shānū, possessed form sân)
* bull, ox, cattle

## Higaonon
### Preposition

sa
* of

## Iban
### Affix

sa
* short form for satu, often pronounced as se-.
* combine with a verb in nasal form e.g. se +‎ kayoh (kayoh means "paddle") to form a noun sengayoh (a paddle).
* combine with a verb in nasal form and a prefix pe- e.g. sa +‎ pe +‎ san (san means "a load") to form a noun sapenyan (as much as one can carry) and sa +‎ pe +‎ temu (temu means "opinion") to form sapenemu (as much as one knows).

### References

* Richards, Anthony. An Iban-English Dictionary, Volume 1 Clarendon Press. 1981.

## Ido
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/

### Determiner

sa
* (archaic) Alternative form of sua.
** 1909-1910, Progreso – duesma yaro, page 40:
    Segun sa opiniono la max (maxim) importanta neceso por I.L. esas la max granda perfekteso, e ne la amaso di adheranti, [...]According to his opionion the most important necessity for an I.L. is the perfection, and not the amount of adherents, [...]

## Igbo
### Pronunciation

* (inherent tone): IPA: /sá/

### Verb

sá
* to wash, to scrub.
    Ana m asa efere.
       I am washing plates.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Clipping of saya.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/
* Hyphenation: sa

### Pronoun

sa
* (Papuan) I (first person singular prononun)

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”), from Proto-Celtic *in sindū/sindai (“in the m sg/f sg dative”), *in sindom/sindam (“into the m sg/f sg accusative”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˠə/

### Contraction

sa
* Contraction of i + an.
    Tá an fear sa bhád. ― The man is in the boat
    Tá na páistí ag súgradh sa tsráid. ― The children are playing in the street.
    Táimid inár suí sa seomra (or) tseomra. ― We are sitting in the room.

#### Usage notes

This contraction is obligatory, i.e. *i an never appears uncontracted. Used before consonant sounds only; otherwise, san is used. Triggers:
* lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p and changes initial s to ts in Ulster varieties,
* lenition of b, c, g, m, p, changes initial s to ts, and triggers eclipsis of f in Munster varieties,
* eclipsis and changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns while not affecting s in masculine nouns in Connacht varieties,
* in An Caighdeán Oifigiúil causes lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p and changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns (An Córas Lárnach) or all nouns (Córas an tSéimhithe).
Often understood to be a contraction of ins an, but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while ins is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.

#### Related terms

| Basic form | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Copular forms | Copular forms | Copular forms |
| Basic form | an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) |
| de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh |
| i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inar | inarb | inarbh |
| le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh |
| ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh |
| trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh |
| *Dialectal. |||||||||||

### References

* Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, →DOI, →JSTOR, §67, page 17
* McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gramadach na Gaeilge: An Caighdeán Oifigiúil‎, Seirbhís Thithe an Oireachtais, 2017, pages 8–10, 15–18

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sa”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “sa”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “sa”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* sà (misspelling)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsa/$^*$
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: sà

### Verb

sa
* third-person singular present indicative of sapere
    Giovanni sa dov'è Laura. ― Giovanni knows where Laura is.

### References

* ↑ sa in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Japanese
### Romanization

sa
* The hiragana syllable さ (sa) or the katakana syllable サ (sa) in Hepburn romanization.

## Jarai
### Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

### Numeral

sa
* one

## Kabyle
### Etymology

From Proto-Berber.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/

### Numeral

sa (feminine sat)
* seven
    Synonym: sebɛa

## Kamakan
### Alternative forms

* zan (Kamakan)

### Noun

sa
* (Kotoxo) water

### References

* Chestmir Loukotka, La família lingüística Kamakan del Brasil
* Márcio Silva Martins Andérbio, Revisão da família lingüística Kamakã proposta por Chestmir Loukotka (thesis, Université de Brasilia, 2007 page 52)

## Lhao Vo
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swiʔ (“water; liquid; body fluid”). Cognate with Burmese သွေး (swe:).

### Noun

sa
* blood

### References

* Dr. Ola Hanson, "A Dictionary of the Kachin Language" (1906).

## Ligurian
### Verb

sa
* third-person singular present indicative of savéi

## Livonian
### Alternative forms

* sinā

### Etymology

A shorter form of sinā.

### Pronoun

sa
* you; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee

#### See also

* minā, ma
* tämā, ta

### References

Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN

## Louisiana Creole
### Etymology

Inherited from French sera (“will be”) or similar (e.g., seras), an inflection of French être (“to be”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/
* Rhymes: -a
* Homophones: ça, sâ

### Verb

sa
* (auxiliary, copulative) will be

#### Related terms

* çé
* çé té
* dèt

## Lower Sorbian
### Preposition

sa
* Obsolete spelling of za.

## Macanese
### Etymology 1

Reduced form of sua. Semantically derived from Cantonese 嘅 (ge$^3$, possessive marker).

#### Alternative forms

* sua

#### Particle

sa
* particle appended after pronouns to denote ownership: -'s
    iou-sa filo ― my child
    êle-sa ― his; her; their (sg.)
    ilôtro-sa casa ― their (pl.) house
    uví mai-sa ladínha ― to listen to mother's scolding

##### Usage notes

* According to native speakers, sa is more commonly used than sua.
* The particle is not inflected for gender.
* Almost always spelt connected using a hyphen in the vast majority of writings, but not mandatory.

##### Related terms

* su

#### See also

# Dated.   * Rare.

### Etymology 2

Uncertain. Possibly from Portuguese sabe (“know”), thus a doublet of sábi.

#### Alternative forms

* sa', sá

#### Particle

sa
* expletive particle expressing confirmation or explanation
    Sâm diabo? Nunca, sâm tacho-sa!Is it the devil? No, it's a pot!

### References

* https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm
* Batalha, Graciete Nogueira (1988) “sa”, in Glossário do dialecto macaense: notas linguísticas, etnográficas e folclóricas [Glossary of the Macanese dialect: linguistic, ethnographic and folkloric notes], Macau: Instituto Cultural de Macau, page 525

## Malay
### Numeral

sa
* (1924-1972) Obsolete spelling of se.

## Maltese
### Etymology

Probably from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until; as far as; even”). The form, though without doubt unusual, might be explained from earlier *ħta by assimilation in fast speech. Compare Moroccan Arabic حتى (ḥta). Compare also Spanish hasta, which, if related, might point to the existence of an obsolete Maghrebi variant *ḥastā. Joseph Aquilina preferred to derive the Maltese form from a contraction of Italian sino a, variant of fino a (“until; as far as”). Both may also have reinforced each other.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/

### Preposition

sa
* until
    Se nħobbok sal-aħħar nifs ta’ ħajti. ― I’ll love you until the last breath of my life.
* as far as

#### Derived terms

* sabiex
* sadattant
* safejn
* sakemm
* sissa

## Mandarin
### Romanization

sa (sa$^5$ / sa$^0$, Zhuyin ˙ㄙㄚ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠮿
sa
* Nonstandard spelling of sā.
* Nonstandard spelling of sǎ.
* Nonstandard spelling of sà.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Maranao
### Noun

sa
* tea

#### References

* A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

## Masalit
### Noun

sa
* water

### References

* Timothy Leffel, Focus constructions in Masalit (New York University, 05/31/2011)

## Matal
### Etymology 1

Likely from Proto-Chadic *sa (“to drink”). Cognate with Mpade se (“to drink”).

#### Verb

sa
* to drink
    Kà uwana may azà à gi, kavàw à gi tatak may, nəlay akə̀s à gi, katə̀ɗàw gi iyaw gəsà, gəgà məlok gà, kakə̀sàw gi la ahàl səla. (Mata 25:35)For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink (lit: so I drank), I was a stranger and you welcomed me as a guest. (Matthew 25:35)
    Kəla uwabeyuwi uwana asà iyaw aŋa suwa uwanay, nəlay adàkəsay aya (Yuhana 4:13)Everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again.(John 4:13)

### Etymology 2

Likely from Proto-Chadic *(-)sə (“to come”).

#### Verb

sa
* to come
    La kità Yuhana asà à waŋ, azùw aw, asà aw, ŋgaha azladza tagòɗ kà: 'Masla la masasəɗok mawisiga.' (Mata 11:18)For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a demon!’ (Matthew 11:18)
    La mavakay uwatà Yesu asà à uda la kay, ŋgaha ahàd adzà madzay la gay dərəv kà matapla tatak à azladza. (Matthew 13:1)​On that day Jesus came out of the house and was sitting by the sea. (Matthew 13:1)
    "Sà à waŋ, sà à waŋ", tagòɗ à mamətsay, ama mamətsay ahòy atà à ahàl. (Mafətala 9:6)Come here, come here, they said to the death, but the death flew from them (Revelation 9:6)

### References

* ↑ Newman, Paul (1977) Chadic Classification and Reconstructions (Afroasiatic Linguistics; 5)‎, number 1, Malibu: Undena
* ↑ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/25#35
* ↑ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/John/4#13
* ↑ Newman, Paul (1977) Chadic Classification and Reconstructions (Afroasiatic Linguistics; 5)‎, number 1, Malibu: Undena
* ↑ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/11#18
* ↑ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/13#1
* ↑ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Rev/9

## Minangkabau
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

### Numeral

sa
* one

#### Synonyms

* ciek

#### Derived terms

* sa-

## Northern Roglai
### Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

### Numeral

sa
* one

### Further reading

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Verb

sa
* simple past of si

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Verb

sa
* past of seia

## Ojibwe
### Particle

sa
* emphasis marker
    Mii sa go ozhiitaawaad igo.They were getting ready.

### References

* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/sa-pc-disc

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin sua, feminine of suus.

### Determiner

sa f (masculine son, plural ses)
* his/hers/its (third-person singular possessive)

#### Descendants

* French: sa

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swa.

### Conjunction

sā
* so
* as
* or

## Old Irish
### Determiner

sa
* Alternative spelling of so

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀲 (Brahmi script)
* स (Devanagari script)
* স (Bengali script)
* ස (Sinhalese script)
* သ (Burmese script)
* ส or สะ (Thai script)
* ᩈ (Tai Tham script)
* ສ or ສະ (Lao script)
* ស (Khmer script)
* 𑄥 (Chakma script)
* so (Latin script)
* 𑀲𑁄 (Brahmi script)
* सो (Devanagari script)
* সো (Bengali script)
* සො (Sinhalese script)
* သော or သေႃ (Burmese script)
* โส (Thai script)
* ᩈᩮᩣ (Tai Tham script)
* ໂສ (Lao script)
* សោ (Khmer script)
* 𑄥𑄮 (Chakma script)

### Pronoun

sa
* he, it

### Adjective

sa
* masculine nominative singular of ta (“that”)

### Noun

sa
* vocative singular of san (“dog”)

## Palu'e
### Etymology

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa, *asa.

### Numeral

sa
* one

## Papiamentu
### Alternative forms

* sabi (synonym)

### Etymology

From Portuguese saber and Spanish saber and Kabuverdianu sabe.

### Verb

sa
* to know

## Pawaia
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sá/, [sá]

### Noun

sa
* water

### References

* Phonological Considerations of Pawaia, in Oceania Linguistic Monographs, issues 14-15 (1971)
* Transnewguinea.org, citing both D. Trefry, A comparative study of Kuman and Pawaian (1969) and G. E. MacDonald, The Teberan Language Family, pages 111-121, in The Linguistic Situation in the Gulf District and Adjacent Area, Papua New Guinea (editor K. J. Franklin) (1973)

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Greater Poland):
** (Kuyavia) IPA: /ˈsa/
** (Northern Greater Poland) IPA: /ˈsa/
** (Eastern Greater Poland) IPA: /ˈsa/

### Adverb

sa (not comparable)
* (Northern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Kuyavia) Alternative form of sam (“here”)

### Further reading

* Oskar Kolberg (1867) “sa”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 276
* Oskar Kolberg (1877) “sa”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 35

## Rade
### Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

### Numeral

sa
* one

### Further reading

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Rawang
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑ˧/

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

sa
* to wait.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

sa
* bird; fowl.

## Romani
### Pronoun

sa
* all

## Romanian
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sa, from Latin sua, the feminine form of suus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -a

### Determiner

sa f
* feminine singular of său: his/her

### Pronoun

sa f (possessive pronouns)
* (preceded by "a") his/hers (that which is his or hers)

## Sardinian
### Alternative forms

* s' (apocopated, used before vowels)

### Etymology

From Latin ipsa (“herself”), feminine of ipse (“himself”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /su/

### Article

sa f (plural (Logudorese, Nuorese) sas or (Campidanese) is, masculine su)
* (Logudorese, Campidanese, Nuorese) the (feminine singular definite article)

### References

* Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
* Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “ísse”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* sa'

### Etymology

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”).

### Preposition

sa
* in the
    sa bhliadhna de dh'aois Chrìost ― in the year of our Lord, anno domini

#### Usage notes

* Triggers lenition.
* This form is used before nouns beginning with b, c, g, m or p; otherwise san is used instead.
* Often understood to be a contraction of anns a', but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while anns is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.

#### Related terms

* ann an
* anns

### References

* Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, →DOI, →JSTOR, §67, page 17
* McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Serbo-Croatian
### Preposition

sa (Cyrillic spelling са)
* Alternative form of s; used instead of s when the following word or group of words start with sibilants s, z, š or ž and before instrumental form of first-person pronoun ja (mnom).

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sa]

### Pronoun

sa
* accusative of seba
    Vidím sa v zrkadle. ― I see myself in the mirror.
    Koho vidíš v zrkadle? Seba. ― Whom do you see in the mirror? Myself.

#### Usage notes

* In regular sentences, it must take the 2nd position.
    Modlím sa. ― I am praying.
* In the past tense, it takes the third 3rd while the inflected form of the verb byť takes the 2nd position.
    Modlil som sa. ― I was praying.
* In the conditional mood, it takes the 4th position of the sentences with the inflected form of byť occupying the 3rd position and the pronoun by taking the 2nd position.
    Modlil by som sa, keby... ― I would pray, if ...

#### Related terms

* masculine animate only, ony otherwise

### Further reading

* “sa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## South Slavey
### Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *x̯ʷa. Cognates include Navajo shá and Dogrib sa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sà(ʔ)]
* Hyphenation: sa

### Noun

sa (stem -za-)
* sun
* month

#### Declension

$^{1)}$ Used when the subject is a group of human beings and the object is singular. $^{2)}$ Used when the previous condition does not apply.

#### Derived terms

* sadzee

### References

* Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 215

## Southern Ndebele
### Verb

-sa$^?$
* to take

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Sranan Tongo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/

### Etymology 1

From English shall or borrowed from Dutch zal.

#### Particle

sa
* Verbal marker for modal aspect.
* Verbal marker for the future tense.
    Synonym: o
** 1975, “Basya Adyuku koni”, in Ursy M. Lichtveld, Jan Voorhoeve, editors, Creole drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Surinam‎, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 86:A krabdagu taki: - Angri e kiri mi ba. A di mi si yu e nyan, ne mi kon. Adyuku taki: - We san mi e nyan, mi no sabi efu yu sa nyan en. Na kasaba dokun mi tyari. Efu yu sa nyan en, dan mi sa gi yu.The crab-eating raccoon said: 'I'm starving, brother. When I saw that you're eating, I came over immediately. Adyuku said: 'I say, I don't know whether you'll [want to] eat what I'm eating. I brought cassava duckanoo. If you'll eat it, then I'll give it to you.
** 1999, Hillary de Bruin, “Liederen uit de praktijk van de duman [Songs from the Winti priest's practice]”, in OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis‎, Instituut ter Bevordering van de Surinamistiek, →ISSN, page 152:Blesi sa kon bogobogo, Masra pramis' m'anga yu, Lek'wan alen a sa wiki, Kraf' den di bribi fu tru, Sula fu seigi, wan dei sa was' kon na gron, now wan tu dropu de spiti, ma sibibusi sa konBlessing will come abundantly / the Lord promised to me and you / like a rainshower it will awaken / strengthen those who truly believe / With cataracts of blessing / one day the ground will be awash / now a few droplets are spitting / but torrential rains will come

### Etymology 2

From English saw.

#### Noun

sa
* A saw (tool with a serrated blade, used for sawing).

## Sumerian
### Romanization

sa
* Romanization of 𒊓 (sa)

## Swazi
### Verb

-sá
* to dawn

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Swedish
### Etymology

Apocopic form of sade

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɑː/
* Rhymes: -ɑː

### Verb

sa
* (somewhat informal) past indicative of säga

### Anagrams

* -as, as

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa. Compare Bikol Central sa, Cebuano sa, Hiligaynon sa, Waray-Waray ha, Tausug ha, and Gorontalo ta.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /sa/ [sɐ]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: sa

#### Preposition

sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)
* indirect object marker: to
    Binigay ko na ang lahat sa kaibigan ko. ― I already gave everything to my friend.
* used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; at; on (not used in a positive equational sentence)
    Sa Pilipinas ako ipinanganak. ― I was born in the Philippines.
    Wala siya sa opisina. ― He's not at the office.
* used to refer towards a location: to; toward
    Pupunta siya sa sinehan mamaya. ― He's going to the movies later.
* used to refer to accompaniment: with; together with; in company with
    Sumama si Juan sa tatay niya. ― Juan went with his father.
* used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
    Sa Lunes kami uuwi. ― We're going home on Monday.
* used in comparisons: than
    Synonym: kaysa
    Mas mabilis ang eroplano sa kotse mo. ― The airplane is faster than your car.
* used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of (usually with galing or tubo)
    Tubo siya sa Cebu. ― He is a native from Cebu.
* a prescribed point in time when something occurred: upon; on; at the time of
    Sa pagpasok niya sa bahay, tumunog ang telepono. ― Upon his entrance to the house, the telephone rang.
* used to refer to the cause: due to; from; of
    Namatay sila sa gutom. ― They died of hunger.
* used to refer to the basis: on the basis of; on
    Lumabas ang estudyante sa pahintulot ng guro. ― The student went out based on the permission from the teacher.
* used to refer to one's dependence on or use of: on; through the use of
    Nabuhay sila sa tubig at tinapay lamang. ― They lived only on water and bread.
* used in combination with other words to form more specific prepositional phrases
    sa pamamagitan ng ― by means of
    mula sa ― from

##### Usage notes

* This is not used with names of people or other living beings, where kay or kina is used instead.
* For positive equational sentences, to refer to a location of something, nasa, na kay, or na kina is used instead.

##### Alternative forms

* s — text messaging

##### Derived terms

* ayon sa
* kaysa
* laban sa
* nasa
* para sa
* sa aba ko
* sa aba mo
* sa bagay
* sa kabila ng
* sa kabilang banda
* sa kabutihang palad
* sa kasamaang palad
* sa katunayan
* sa madaling sabi
* sa madaling salita
* sa may
* sa una
* sa wakas

##### See also

* sa-

### Etymology 2

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜐ (sa).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /sa/ [sɐ]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: sa

#### Noun

sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)
* the name of the Latin-script letter S/s, in the Abakada alphabet
    Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) es, (in the Abecedario) ese

##### See also

* sasa

### Etymology 3

See tsa.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈsa/ [ˈsa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: sa

#### Noun

sa (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)
* Obsolete form of tsa.

### Further reading

* “sa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Talysh
### Etymology

Cognate with Persian صد (sad).

### Numeral

sa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Tooro
### Etymology

Inherited from Common Bantu *-ca (“empty”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/

### Adjective

-sa (declinable)
* (rare) empty, bare
    Near-synonym: -onka
    bigere bisa ― barefoot

#### Derived terms

* busa (“naked; nothing”)

### References

* Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 349
* Rubongoya, L. T. (2013) Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎, Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 352
* Entry 9239 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

## Tunica
### Noun

sa
* dog

## Turkish
### Phrase

sa
* (Internet) Initialism of selamünaleyküm.

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [saː˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʂaː˧˧] ~ [saː˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʂaː˧˧] ~ [saː˧˧]

### Etymology 1

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 蹉 (“to slip; to fall”, SV: tha)?”

#### Verb

sa • (蹉, 沙, 莎)
* to fall (especially from the sky); to drop down; to prolapse

##### Derived terms

* bút sa gà chết
* chim sa cá lặn
* chuột sa chĩnh gạo
* sa búi trĩ
* sa cơ
* sa đà
* sa đắm
* sa đì
* sa đọa
* sa ngã
* sa sút

##### Related terms

* sà
* sạ

### Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紗.

#### Noun

sa
* gauze

##### Derived terms

* sa trơn
* song sa

### Etymology 3
#### Romanization

sa
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 沙 (“sand”)
* Sino-Vietnamese reading of 砂 (“sand”)

##### Derived terms

* chu sa
* hằng hà sa số
* sa bồi
* sa mạc
* sa trường

## Welsh
### Verb

sa (not mutable)
* (South Wales) first-person singular present negative colloquial of bod
    Sa i’n gwybod.I don’t know.
* (colloquial) Contraction of basai.

#### Usage notes

Unlike other negative verb forms, the present negative form—and so, which is used for all other persons—is not complemented by ddim after the subject.

## West Frisian
### Conjunction

sa
* so

#### Further reading

* “sa (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

## West Makian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̪a/

### Verb

sa
* (stative) to be bad
* (stative) to be rotten

#### Conjugation
### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

## Western Cham
### Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa/

### Numeral

sa
* one

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*esa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Xârâgurè
### Etymology

Compare Drehu xe (“smack”).

### Verb

sa
* hit

### References

* Claire Moyse-Faurie, Constructions expressing middle, reflexive and reciprocal situations in some Oceanic languages, in Reciprocals and Reflexives: Theoretical and Typological Explorations

## Xhosa
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

-sa$^?$
* to take

##### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sâː]

#### Ideophone

sâ
* Signifies scattering.

## Yámana
### Pronoun

sa
* you

## Zhuang
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to Mandarin 沙 (shā) or Lao ຊາຍ (sāi) and Thai ทราย (saai)?”

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /θa˨˦/
* Tone numbers: sa$^1$
* Hyphenation: sa

### Noun

sa (Sawndip form 砟, 1957–1982 spelling sa)
* sand

### Adjective

sa (1957–1982 spelling sa)
* sandy

## Zou
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *saa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sà/
* Hyphenation: sa

#### Adjective

sa
* hot

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *shaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sja-n.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sǎ/
* Hyphenation: sa

#### Noun

sá
* meat
* animal

##### Derived terms

* ahsa
* bongsa
* savun
* vasa
* voksa

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tshaʔ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sâ/
* Hyphenation: sa

#### Adjective

sà
* dense, thick

### References

* Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 62

## Zulu
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *-kéa.

#### Verb

-sá
* (intransitive) to dawn

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

Clipping of -yisa.

#### Verb

-sa
* (transitive) to take to
* (transitive) to convey, to send, to transfer

##### Inflection
### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sa”
* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sa”