# primer
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English primer, primere, from Medieval Latin primarius and primarium (“prayer book”) possibly via Anglo-Norman primer (“prayer book”), from prima (“prime the liturgical hour and office”) + -arius and -arium (suffix forming related objects). Its use for schoolbooks derived from the late medieval and early modern use of such prayer books to teach reading.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/, enPR: prīʹmə
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈpɹɪm.ɚ/, enPR: prĭmʹər
** Audio (Midwestern):(file)
* (US, irregular, but common; borrowed from Etymology 2) IPA: /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/, enPR: prīʹmər
** Audio (California, irregular pronunciation):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪmə(ɹ), -ɪmə(ɹ)

#### Noun

primer (plural primers)
* (historical, Catholicism ecclesiastical) A prayer or devotional book intended for laity, initially an abridgment of the breviary and manual including the hours of the Virgin Mary, 15 gradual and 7 penitential psalms, the litany, the placebo and dirige forming the office of the dead, and the commendations.
    Synonyms: book of hours, prayer book
* (historical, Protestantism ecclesiastical) Any of various similar works issued in England for private prayer in accordance with the Book of Common Prayer.
* A children's book intended to teach literacy: how to read, write, and spell.
** 1545, The A.B.C. Primers:
** 1995, Neal Stephenson, The Diamond Age […] , New York: Bantam Spectra, →ISBN:Four-year-old Elizabeth Finkle-McGraw would receive the Young Lady's Illustrated Primer from her grandfather. Fiona Hackworth would be getting a copy of the Illustrated Primer too, for this had been John Percival Hackworth's crime: He had programmed the matter compiler to place the cockleburs on the outside of Elizabeth's book.
* An introductory text on any subject, particularly basic concepts.
** 1959 March, “New Reading on Railways: The Railwayman's Diesel Manual. By William F. Bolton. G. H. Lake. 7s. 6d.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 172:[...] The two assets of the book are clear explanation, and a multitude of extremely helpful diagrams, some in two colours, and cutaway photographs; these clearly unravel a difficult subject for the layman, as well as the student engineman for whom the primer is chiefly designed.
* (New Zealand, obsolete) An elementary school class; an elementary school student.

##### Derived terms

* double great primer
* great primer
* long primer
* primer book
* primer cord
* primer school
* primer-state
* two-line great primer

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From prime +‎ -er.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/, enPR: prīʹmə
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/, enPR: prīmʹə
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪmə(ɹ)

#### Noun

primer (countable and uncountable, plural primers)
* Any substance or device, such as priming wire or blasting cap, used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive.
** 1912, United States Army Ordnance Dept, Handbook of the 2.95-inch mountain gun mate/riel and pack outfit, →ISBN, page 17:The percussion primer, known as the “ 110-grain percussion primer,” contains an igniting charge of 95 grains of black powder in addition to the essential elements of a percussion primer.
** 2003, Sam Fadala, The Gun Digest Blackpowder Loading Manual, →ISBN, page 73:Therefore, the shotgun primer is quite self- contained. It consists of a separate metal cup called a battery cup that contains the primer itself. That's why it is considered a two-piece primer.
** 2016, Steve Sieberts, Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Competitive Pistol Shooting, →ISBN, page 224:Take care when handling primers, especially ensure that your fingers are free of oil or dirt. Oil can affect the detonating properties of the primer pellet, and can be the cause of misfires if too much oil gets into the primer.
* (obsolete) A person who primes explosives.
* A substance used to prime wood, metal, etc. in preparation for painting.
* A layer of such a substance.
* A layer of makeup that goes beneath the foundation; undermakeup.
** 1989, Stan Place, Bobbi Ray Madry, The Art and Science of Professional Makeup, →ISBN, page 95:The undermakeup (primer) should be allowed to dry-set for 30 seconds. Apply foundation over the primer with a sponge using light, careful strokes to blend. Undermakeups come in cream form, sponge-on wands, or sponge-on cream, and as a lotion.
* (obsolete) A person who primes wood, metal, etc.
* (biochemistry, genetics) A molecule which initiates the synthesis of an enzyme, (especially) a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule which initiates DNA replication.
* (medicine, zoology) A pheromone which interacts first with the endocrine system.
* A device used to prime an internal combustion engine with gasoline, (especially) in airplanes.
* A person who prunes trees.

##### Related terms

* primary
* prime

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 3

From Anglo-Norman primer (“first”), from Latin prīmārius (“first”).

#### Adjective

primer (not comparable)
* (obsolete) First in time, initial, early.
** 1612, Michael Drayton, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC:the primer English kings
* (obsolete) First in importance, premier.
* (obsolete, rare) First in position, foremost.

##### Derived terms

* primer fine
* primer seizin

### Further reading

* Prime, Primer and Priming in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan primer, from Latin prīmārius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [pɾiˈme]
* IPA: (Valencia) [pɾiˈmeɾ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -e(ɾ)

### Adjective

primer (feminine primera, masculine plural primers, feminine plural primeres)
* (ordinal number) first
* (mathematics) prime (having no divisor except itself and 1):

#### Derived terms

* a la taula i al llit, al primer crit
* nombre primer
* primer ministre
* primera ministra
* primerament
* primers auxilis

### Adverb

primer
* first; before anything else

### References

* “primer” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “primer” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʁi.me/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Verb

primer
* to dominate, to be dominant over
* to win (a prize)
* to prevail, take precedent

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “primer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From German primär, from French primaire, from Latin primarius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈprimɛr]
* Hyphenation: pri‧mer
* Rhymes: -ɛr

### Adjective

primer (comparative primerebb, superlative legprimerebb)
* primary
    primer feszültség ― primary voltage

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* primer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch primair, from French primaire, from Latin prīmārius.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈprimɛr/ [ˈpri.mɛr]
* Rhymes: -imɛr
* Syllabification: pri‧mer

### Adjective

primèr
* primary:
** first or earliest in a group or series.
** main; principal; chief; placed ahead of others.

#### Alternative forms

* primair (law)

### Further reading

* “primer” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Old French
### Adjective

primer m (oblique and nominative feminine singular primere)
* Alternative form of premier

### Adverb

primer
* Alternative form of premier

### Noun

primer oblique singular, m (oblique plural primers, nominative singular primers, nominative plural primer)
* Alternative form of premier
* (Anglo-Norman) primer (hymn book)

### References

* primer on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English primer.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɾaj.meʁ/ [ˈpɾaɪ̯.meh]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɾaj.meʁ/ [ˈpɾaɪ̯.meh]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈpɾaj.meɾ/ [ˈpɾaɪ̯.meɾ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈpɾaj.meʁ/ [ˈpɾaɪ̯.meχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɾaj.meɻ/ [ˈpɾaɪ̯.meɻ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈpɾaj.mɛɾ/

### Noun

primer m
* primer (layer of makeup)

### Further reading

* Primer (maquiagem) on the Portuguese Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{pt}$

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* prímjer (Ijekavian)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prǐːmer/
* Hyphenation: pri‧mer

### Noun

prímer m (Cyrillic spelling при́мер)
* example, instance
* model, paragon
* precedence

#### Derived terms

* prímerak
* prímeran
* prìmeren
* prìmereno
* prímericē

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /priméːr/

### Noun

primẹ̑r m inan
* example (something representative of a group)

#### Derived terms

* na prímer

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾiˈmeɾ/ [pɾiˈmeɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: pri‧mer

### Adjective

primer m (apocopate, standard form primero)
* (before the noun) Apocopic form of primero (first)
    el primer hijo ― the first child
* (informal, proscribed) Apocopic form of primera (first)

#### Usage notes

* The form primer is only used before and within the noun phrase of a modified masculine singular noun. In other positions, the standard form primero is used instead.

### Further reading

* “primer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10