# kost
## Cornish
### Noun

kost m (plural kostys or kostow)
* cost, charge, expense

#### Derived terms

* heb kost (“free of charge”)
* kostow arghantti (“bank charges”)
* kostow mentons (“maintenance charges”)
* kusulyades kost (“(female) quantity surveyor”)
* kusulyas kost (“(male) quantity surveyor”)

### Noun

kost m (plural kostys)
* coast, district, region

### Mutation
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech kost, from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkost]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kost
* Rhymes: -ost

### Noun

kost f (relational adjective kostní, diminutive kůstka)
* bone (any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone)
* (colloquial) girl, woman

#### Derived terms

* kosterní
* kostlivý
* kostnatý
* kostní
* kosťový
* diagram rybí kosti
* kostlivec
* kostra
* kůstka

### Further reading

* “kost”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kost”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kost”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste, German Kosten, borrowed from Medieval Latin costa, which is derived from the verb constare.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʰʌsd̥]

#### Noun

kost c (singular definite kosten, not used in plural form)
* food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)
* diet (food a person or animal consumes, habitual consumption)
* board (regular meals or the amount paid for them in a place of lodging)

### Etymology 2

From Old Danish kwast, kwost, kost, from Old Norse *kvǫstr, from Proto-Germanic *kwastuz. Doublet of kvast ("tassel"), related to Swedish kvast, German Quaste (“tassel”), and Dutch kwast.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʰɔsd̥]

#### Noun

kost c (singular definite kosten, plural indefinite koste)
* broom, besom
* brush

##### Descendants

* → Icelandic: kústur

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔst/
* Hyphenation: kost
* Rhymes: -ɔst

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.

#### Noun

kost m (plural kosten, diminutive kostje n)
* cost, price
* (in the plural) expenses
* (used absolutely, with definite article) board, livelihood, meals and lodgings
* food, nourishment

##### Derived terms

* grondstofkosten
* kostbaar
* kostbaas
* kostelijk
* kosteloos
* kosten koper
* kostenplaatje
* kostenpost
* kostganger
* kostgeld
* kostgrond
* kostjongen
* kostleerling
* kostprijs
* kostschool
* kostwinner
* op kosten jagen
* rauwkost
* reiskost
* ten koste van
* verzendkosten
* voor de kost

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: kos (“food”)
* Negerhollands: kost
* → Indonesian: kos (“lodgings”)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

kost
* inflection of kosten:
** first/second/third-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### Anagrams

* kots
* stok

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkoːst/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

kost
* inflection of kosen:
** third-person singular present
** second-person plural present subjunctive
** plural imperative

## Hungarian
### Etymology

kos +‎ -t

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkoʃt]
* Hyphenation: kost
* Rhymes: -oʃt

### Noun

kost
* accusative singular of kos

## Icelandic
### Noun

kost
* indefinite accusative singular of kostur

## Latvian
### Etymology

From *kansti, from Proto-Baltic *kond-t(e)i, from an ablauted form *kond- of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to rub, to scratch, to scrape”) (whence also kniest (“to itch”), q.v.) with an extra -d. Cognates include Lithuanian ką́sti, Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ (Old Church Slavonic кѫсъ (kǫsŭ), Russian кус (kus, “mouthful”), кусать (kusatʹ, “to bite, to sting”), Bulgarian къ́сам (kǎ́sam, “to bite, to sting”), Czech kousati, Polish kąsać (“to bite, to sting”)), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to bite, to eat”), Ancient Greek κνώδοντες (knṓdontes, “metal teeth on sword”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kuôst]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

kost (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kožu, kod, kož, past kodu)
* to bite, to take a bite (to use one's teeth to press, to cut off a piece of something)
    kost maizes kumosu ― to bite (off) a mouthful of bread
    kost riekstu ― to bite a nut, to break its shell with one's teeth
    kost auklu, diegu ar zobiem ― to bite (= cut) a string, a cord with (one's) teeth
    desu koda, Pāvils no viena gala, Roberts no otra ― they bit the sausage, Pāvils from one end, Roberts from the other
    Baiba kož maizi pa mazam gabaliņam, lai ilgāk pietiktu ― Baiba bites the bread in small bites, so that it lasts longer
    smeikli kaklu nelauzīs, bez zobiem riekstu nekodīs ― laughter won't break (one's) neck, without teeth (one) won't bite (= break open) a nut
* to bite in (to press, to sink one's teeth into something)
    kost tomātā, ābolā ― to bite (in) a tomato, an apple
    Andris kāri kož biezajā sviestmaizē ― Andris bit (in) the thick sandwich with appetite
* to bite, to chew (to reduce (usually food) to pieces with one's teeth)
    Julcīte savu cukura gabaliņu iemet mutē un kož kraukšķinādama un tīksminādamās ― Julcīte threw her sugar cube into (her) mouth and bit, chewed, crunching and enjoying it
    kaza kož lapas ar saviem asajiem zobiem ― the goat is biting, chewing leaves with its sharp teeth
* (colloquial) to eat a little, to have a bite
    viņa no rīta nav kumosu kodusi ― she hasn't had a bite (= anything to eat) since morning
* to bite (to be able to bite; to sink one's teeth into something in order to hurt or kill; (of insects) to sting)
    čūska kož ― the snake bites
    svešs zvērs var pēkšņi kost ― a strange animal may suddenly bite
    vilks koda avis ― the wolf bit the sheep
    kostas brūces ― bitten wounds (i.e., wounds from bites)
    odi, blusas, dunduris kož ― mosquitoes, fleas, horseflies bite
    mušas koda kā trakas ― the flies bit like crazy
    visu nedēļu dunduri koduši miesu ― all week the horseflies have been biting (our) flesh
* (figuratively, of hard, sharp objects) to cause sudden sharp pain
    vajadzēs tev savaldīties: ganu rīkstes kož ― you will have to be careful: the shepherd's rod bites (= hurts)
* (figuratively, of words, thoughts) to cause sudden discomfort
    visvairāk kremt un kož tā aušīgā iedoma ― that flighty whim gnaws and bites most of all
* (of cold or hot weather) to bite (to freeze or heat so much that they no longer grow)
    salnas kosta bērza lapa, ziedus ― the frosts bit the birch leaves, the flowers
    saulstaru kosta zāle ― sun(rays)-bitten grass
* (of time, rust) to damage or destroy slowly
    rūsa nespēj kost ― rust won't be able to bite it
    laika kostais kuršu zobens ― time-bitten (worn-out) Curonian sword
* to bite (to cause a sore, burning sensation)
    sinepes kož mēlē ― must bites the tongue
    dūmi sāka kost acīs un kaklā ― the smoke started biting in the eyes and throat
    sviedri ritēja pāri pierei un koda acīs ― the sweat ran past (his) forehead and bit in (his) eyes
    laukā asi koda sals ― outside, the frost bit sharp
    vaigos kož sals, un sniegs jautri gurkst zem zābaku zolēm ― the frost bit in the cheeks, and the snow crunched under the boot soles
    rupji krekli kož ādā ― coarse shirts bite the skin
* (of bright lights, colors) to bite (to cause a feeling of pain in the eyes)
    lielās dzīvsudraba spuldzes ir tik spilgtas, ka kož acīs ― the large mercury lamps are so bright that they bite in the eyes
    lakats bija jauns un košs, par daudz košs, koda acīs ― the scarf was new and bright, too bright: it bit in the eyes
* (of tools, blades) to be sharp when in use, to cut well
    zāģis koda labi ― the saw bit (= cut) well
    jūsu gudrība ka truls nazis: spīdēt spīd, bet nekož ― your wisdom (is) like a dull knife: it does shine, but it doesn't bite (= doesn't cut)
* to bite (to press one's teeth, usually expressing tension)
    kost zobus lūpā ― to bite (lit. to bite one's teeth) in(to) one's lip
    meitene koda lūpā, līdz tā kļuva balta ― the girl bit her lip until it became white
* to bite (to make something, usually a gap, hole, etc., with one's teeth)
    Kains gurķa auglī dižu robu kodīs ― Kains will bite a big hole in the cucumber plant

#### Derived terms

    prefixed verbs:
* aizkost
* apkost
* atkost
* iekost
* izkost
* nokost
* pakost
* pārkost
* piekost
* sakost
* uzkost
    other derived terms:
* kodiens
* kodīgs
* kodināt
* kodums
* kosties

#### Related terms

* kodīt
* košļāt

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kost”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Mòcheno
### Etymology

From Middle High German kost, koste, from Medieval Latin costa, from Latin cōnstō. Cognate with German Kost.

### Noun

kost f
* dish (specific type of food)

### References

* “kost” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural koster, definite plural kostene)
* a broom or brush

##### Derived terms

* barberkost
* sminkekost

##### Related terms

* koste

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse kostr.

#### Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)
* diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
* board
    kost og losji - board and lodging

##### Derived terms

* kostfiber
* kosthold
* kosttilskudd

### Etymology 3
#### Alternative forms

* kosa, koset (of kose)

#### Verb

kost
* past participle of kose
* imperative of koste

### References

* “kost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʊst/

#### Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural kostar, definite plural kostane)
* a broom or brush

##### Derived terms

* barberkost
* sminkekost

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse kostr.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔst/

#### Noun

kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)
* diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
* board
    kost og losji - board and lodging

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuːst/

#### Participle

kost
* past participle of kosa

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔst/

#### Verb

kost
* imperative of kosta

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʊst/

#### Verb

kost
* imperative of kosta

### References

* “kost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈkost/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈkost/

### Noun

kost f
* bone

#### Descendants

* Czech: kost

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kost”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kôːst/

### Noun

kȏst f (Cyrillic spelling ко̑ст)
* bone

#### Derived terms

* ključna kost

### Further reading

* “kost”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* Pero Budmani, editor (1898–1903), “kȏst”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎ (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 368

## Slavomolisano
### Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian kost.

### Noun

kost m
* bone

#### Declension
### References

* Antonietta Marra (2012), “Contact phenomena in the Slavic of Molise: some remarks about nouns and prepositional phrases” in Morphologies in Contact.

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kostь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kóːst/

### Noun

kọ̑st f
* bone

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “kost”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “kost”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔst/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔst

### Noun

kost c
* diet, food (The food and beverage a person or animal habitually consumes, or food more generally)
    kost och logifood and accommodation

#### Declension
### See also

* diet (“diet, controlled food regime”)
* livsmedel (“foodstuff”)
* mat (“food”)

### Further reading

* kost in Svensk ordbok.

### Anagrams

* toks