# anima
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin anima (“a current of air, wind, air, breath, the vital principle, life, soul”), sometimes equivalent to animus (“mind”), both from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”); see animus. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind”), Old English anda (“anger, envy, zeal”). More at onde.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈænɪmə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈænəmə/
* Hyphenation: an‧i‧ma

### Noun

anima (plural animas)
* (chiefly philosophy) The soul or animating principle of a living thing, especially as contrasted with the animus. [from 10th c.]
** 1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, section XXXVIII:[W]e cannot chuse but admire the exceeding vividness of the governing faculty or Anima of the Insect, which is able to dispose and regulate so the motive faculties, as to cause every peculiar organ, not onely to move or act so quick, but to do it also so regularly.
* (Jungian psychology) The inner self (not the external persona) of a person that is in touch with the unconscious as opposed to the persona. [from 20th c.]
** 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 31:In the Jungian model of the psyche, the male has an internalized female counterpart, the anima; while the female has an internalized masculine counterpart, the animus.
** 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:Dorothy is bodiless and sexless in Tintern Abbey because she is Wordsworth's Jungian anima, an internal aspect of self momentarily projected.
* (Jungian psychology) The unconscious feminine aspect of a person. [from 20th c.]
** "The projection-making factor is the anima, or rather the unconscious as represented by the anima."

#### Related terms

* animal
* animate
* animus

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ C. G. Jung, Aion: Researches into the Phenomenology of the Self, 2nd ed., ed. and trans. Gerhard Adler and R. F. C. Hull, vol. 9/2, The Collected Works of C. G. Jung (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959), ¶26.

#### Further reading

* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “anima”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* -mania, Amina, Maina, Mania, amain, amnia, mania, aiman

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əˈni.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [aˈni.ma]

### Verb

anima
* inflection of animar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Chibcha
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish ánima.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /anima/

### Noun

anima
* anima, soul

### References

* Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From animo +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈnima/
* Rhymes: -ima

### Adjective

anima (accusative singular animan, plural animaj, accusative plural animajn)
* of the soul; spiritual
** (Can we date this quote?), Simono Pejno (translator), “Revon havas mi” (“I Have a Dream”), speech given by Martin Luther King, Jr. in Washington, DC on August 28, 1963,
    Foje kaj refoje ni leviĝu supren al majestaj altejoj, alfrontante fizikan forton kun anima forto.Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.
* of the mind, mental, psychological, inner
    Ĝi staras antaŭ miaj animaj okuloj. ― I can see it with my mind’s eye.
    anima lukto / ekvilibro ― inner struggle / balance
** (Can we date this quote?), Heinrich August Luyken, Stranga heredaĵo, Ĉapitro 12,
    Vi bezonas korpan kaj animan ripozon.You need physical and mental rest.

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

anima
* third-person singular past historic of animer

### Anagrams

* mania

## Interlingua
### Noun

anima (plural animas)
* soul

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.ni.ma/
* Rhymes: -anima
* Hyphenation: à‧ni‧ma

### Etymology 1

From Latin anima, from animus, from Proto-Italic *anamos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, a nominal derivative of *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). Doublet of alma.

#### Noun

anima f (plural anime)
* (religion, philosophy, also figurative) soul
* the innermost part of something:
** (botany) Synonym of durame (“heartwood”)
** (lutherie) sound post
* (metallurgy) a mould/mold used to create a cavity
* the innermost part of a rope
* (firearms) the inner cavity created by the chamber and the barrel
* (typography) the support of ink rollers
* (military, historical) a type of scaled armor
* (heraldry) a motto tied to a character

##### Derived terms

* anima gemella
* animella
* animetta
* animina
* animismo
* animuccia

##### Related terms

* alma
* animale
* animare
* animato
* animazione
* animo
* animula

#### Further reading

* anima in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

anima
* inflection of animare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* -mania, Manai, mania

## Kabuverdianu
### Alternative forms

* animá (Barlavento)

### Etymology

From Portuguese animar.

### Verb

anima
* (Sotavento) entertain, enliven

### References

* Gonçalves, Manuel (2015) Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary, →ISBN
* Veiga, Manuel (2012) Dicionário Caboverdiano-Português, Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro

## Latin
### Etymology 1

See animus.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈa.ni.ma/, [ˈänɪmä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.ni.ma/, [ˈäːnimä]

#### Noun

anima f (genitive animae); first declension
* soul, spirit, life
** c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 1.19:...animum autem alii animam, ut fere nostri declarat nomen: nam et agere animam et efflare dicimus et animosos......some would have the soul, or spirit, to be the anima, as our schools generally agree; and indeed the name signifies as much, for we use the expressions animam agere, to live; animam efflare, to expire; animosi, men of spirit...
** Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Lucam 1:46:Magnificat anima mea Dominum.My soul doth magnify the Lord.
* air, breeze
* breath
    Synonyms: spīritus, spīrātiō

##### Declension

First-declension noun (dative/ablative plural in -īs or -ābus).

##### Derived terms

* anima mundī
* animōsus
* animula

##### Related terms

* animal
* animālis
* animātiō
* animātus
* animō

##### Descendants

* Aromanian: inimã
* Asturian: alma, ánima
* → Basque: arima
* → Catalan: ànima
* Dalmatian: jamna
* → English: anima
* Franco-Provençal: ârma
* Friulian: anime, ànime
* → Galician: ánima
* Istriot: anema
* Italian: alma, anima
* Megleno-Romanian: ińamă
* Mirandese: alma
* Padanian:
** Emilian: arma
** Lombard: arma
** Old Piedmontese: arma
*** Piedmontese: anma, ambra, alma, arma
* Occitan: anma, arma
* Old Catalan: arma
* Old French: ame
** Middle French: ame
*** French: âme
** Walloon: åme
* Old Galician-Portuguese: alma
** Galician: alma
** Portuguese: alma
* → Portuguese: anima
* Romanian: inimă
* Romansch: olma
* Sardinian: àmina
* Sicilian: arma
* → Sicilian: ànima
* Old Spanish: alma
** Spanish: alma
* → Spanish: ánima
* Venetan: ànema
* Walloon: åme

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

animā
* second-person singular present active imperative of animō

### References

* “anima”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “anima”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "anima", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* anima in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere to hold one's breath: animam continere to give up the ghost: animam edere or efflare to be at one's last gasp: animam agere (ambiguous) to weary, bore the reader: languorem, molestiam legentium animis afferre (ambiguous) to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others: religionem ex animis extrahere (N. D. 1. 43. 121) (ambiguous) Nature has implanted in all men the idea of a God: natura in omnium animis notionem dei impressit (N. D. 1. 16. 43)

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaː.nɪ.ma/
* Audio (Gozo):(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Italian animare.

#### Verb

anima (imperfect janima, past participle animat, verbal noun animar)
* to animate

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Italian anima.

#### Noun

anima f (plural animi)
* The innermost part of something: core

### Related terms

* animatur
* animazzjoni
* animista
* animiżmu
* animożità
* animuż
* inanimat

## Old French
### Noun

anima oblique singular, f (oblique plural animas, nominative singular anima, nominative plural animas)
* (9th and 10th centuries) Alternative form of ame

## Portuguese

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### Etymology 1

Unadapted borrowing from Latin anima. Doublet of alma, inherited from the same source.

#### Alternative forms

* ânima, ánima

#### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: a‧ni‧ma

#### Noun

anima f (plural animas)
* (Jungian psychology) anima (unconscious feminine aspect of a male)
* anima (soul or inner self of a person)
    Synonym: alma

##### Related terms

* alma
* anima mundi
* animus

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈnĩ.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈnĩ.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /aˈni.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐˈni.mɐ/
* Hyphenation: a‧ni‧ma

#### Verb

anima
* inflection of animar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Q'anjob'al
### Noun

anima
* person

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French animer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.niˈma/
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: a‧ni‧ma

### Verb

a anima (third-person singular present animă, past participle animat) 1st conjugation
* to animate

#### Related terms

* animabil
* animabilitate
* animare
* animat
* animator
* animație
* animism

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈnima/ [aˈni.ma]
* Rhymes: -ima
* Syllabification: a‧ni‧ma

### Verb

anima
* inflection of animar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative