OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# silakan
## Finnish
### Noun

silakan
* genitive singular of silakka

### Anagrams

* Niskala, kaislan, kanslia, laiskan, naskali

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* silahkan (nonstandard)

### Etymology

From Malay silakan, from Classical Malay silakan. Equivalent to sila +‎ -kan.

### Interjection

silakan
* please (when offering)
    Synonym: monggo

### Adverb

silakan
Modifies a verb to ask if the listener can please do the verb. For example: silakan membaca surat itu means can you please read (membaca) that letter (surat itu)?

### Further reading

“silakan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kosoviskam
## Latvian
### Adjective

kosoviskam
* dative masculine singular of kosovisks
# kosoviskākai
## Latvian
### Adjective

kosoviskākai
* dative feminine singular of kosoviskāks
# Malacañang
## English
### Alternative forms

* Malacañan

### Etymology

From Spanish Malacañán, from Tagalog mamalakayahan, from mamalakaya+han, ultimately from lakaya. A common folk etymology is it was derived from Tagalog may lakan diyan. The final -g was added to the name during the American colonial era (1898-1946).

### Pronunciation

* (Philippines) IPA: /mɐ.lɐ.kɐˈɲaŋ/

### Proper noun

Malacañang
* the official residence and workplace of the president of the Philippines
* (Philippines, Philippine politics, metonymically) the Philippine presidency and its administration; the Philippine government

#### Translations
## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /malakanˈjaŋ/ [mɐ.lɐ.xɐˈɲaŋ]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /malakanˈjaŋ/ [mɐ.lɐ.xɐn̪ˈjaŋ]
* Rhymes: -aŋ
* Syllabification: Ma‧la‧ca‧ñang

### Proper noun

Malacañáng (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜃᜈ᜔ᜌᜅ᜔)
* Alternative form of Malakanyang
# kosoviskākus
## Latvian
### Adjective

kosoviskākus
* accusative masculine plural of kosoviskāks
# krāšņai
## Latvian
### Adjective

krāšņai
* dative feminine singular of krāšņs
# krāšņajiem
## Latvian
### Adjective

krāšņajiem
* definite dative/instrumental masculine plural of krāšņs
# krāšņajās
## Latvian
### Adjective

krāšņajās
* definite locative feminine plural of krāšņs
# krāšņākajam
## Latvian
### Adjective

krāšņākajam
* definite dative masculine singular of krāšņāks
# krāšņākam
## Latvian
### Adjective

krāšņākam
* dative masculine singular of krāšņāks
# krāšņākām
## Latvian
### Adjective

krāšņākām
* dative/instrumental feminine plural of krāšņāks
# krāšņus
## Latvian
### Adjective

krāšņus
* accusative masculine plural of krāšņs
# kreisajās
## Latvian
### Adjective

kreisajās
* definite locative feminine plural of kreiss
# kreisajos
## Latvian
### Adjective

kreisajos
* definite locative masculine plural of kreiss
# kreisajiem
## Latvian
### Adjective

kreisajiem
* definite dative/instrumental masculine plural of kreiss
# kreisāka
## Latvian
### Adjective

kreisāka
* inflection of kreisāks:
** genitive masculine singular
** nominative feminine singular
# kreisajā
## Latvian
### Adjective

kreisajā
* definite locative masculine/feminine singular of kreiss
# kreisākajai
## Latvian
### Adjective

kreisākajai
* definite dative feminine singular of kreisāks
# kreisākam
## Latvian
### Adjective

kreisākam
* dative masculine singular of kreisāks
# kreiso
## Latvian
### Adjective

kreiso
* inflection of kreiss:
** definite vocative/accusative/instrumental masculine/feminine singular
** definite genitive masculine/feminine plural
# mezglaina
## Latvian
### Adjective

mezglaina
* inflection of mezglains:
** genitive masculine singular
** nominative feminine singular
# امشو
## Persian
### Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Pronunciation

* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪm.ʃäw]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔɪm.ʃäw]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɪm.ʃäw]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔim.ʃäw]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔem.ʃow]

### Adverb

امشو • (imšaw / emšow)
* (colloquial, dialectal) pronunciation spelling of امشب (imšab / emšab).
# netīrīgāko
## Latvian
### Adjective

netīrīgāko
* inflection of netīrīgāks:
** definite vocative/accusative/instrumental masculine/feminine singular
** definite genitive masculine/feminine plural
# maķedoniskāki
## Latvian
### Adjective

maķedoniskāki
* nominative masculine plural of maķedoniskāks
# vakarīgiem
## Latvian
### Adjective

vakarīgiem
* dative/instrumental masculine plural of vakarīgs
# prah
## Alak
### Noun

prah
* (Alak) sky

#### Alternative forms

* brah (Harak)

### Further reading

* Theraphan L. Thongkum, The place of Lawi, Harak and Tariang within Bahnaric (1997), in The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal, volume 27

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch vracht (“freight, mass”), from Middle Dutch vracht, from Middle Low German vracht, vrecht (“payment for cargo”), from Old Saxon frāht, frēht, from Proto-Germanic *fra- + *aihtiz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈprah]
* Hyphenation: prah

### Noun

prah (plural prah-prah)
* Alternative spelling of prahoto
* (colloquial) freight, goods or items in transport
    Synonym: muatan

### Further reading

* “prah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *porxъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pers-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prâːx/

#### Noun

prȃh m (Cyrillic spelling пра̑х)
* (uncountable) powder

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “prah”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

prah (Cyrillic spelling прах)
* first-person singular imperfect past of prati

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *porgъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [prax]
* Homophone: prach

### Noun

prah m inan (relational adjective prahový)
* threshold

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “prah”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *porxъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pers-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /práːx/
* Rhymes: -aːx
* Hyphenation: prah

### Noun

prȃh m inan
* (uncountable) dust (fine, dry particles)
    Synonyms: prahec, prašek, prašina
* powder
    Synonyms: prašek, štupa

#### Derived terms

* beli prah
* cvetni prah
* dvigati mnogo prahu
* dvigati veliko prahu
* dvigniti mnogo prahu
* dvigniti oblak prahu
* dvigniti veliko prahu
* gnojilo v prahu
* izprašīti
* kozmični prah
* ležati v prahu
* naprašīti
* oprašīti
* otresti prah s čevljev in zapustiti
* pometati prah s koleni
* prah kaj prekrije
* prah si in v prah se povrneš
* prȃhəc
* prȃšək
* prášən
* prašína
* prašīti
* prȃšnica
* prȃšnik
* sesuti v prah
* sesuti v prah in pepel
* solnčni prah
* sončni prah
* spremeniti v prah
* spremeniti v prah in pepel
* strelni prah
* zaprašīti
* zdrobiti v sončni prah
* zlati prah
* zmleti v sončni prah
* živi prah

### See also

* omesti
* prh
* pršeti

### Further reading

* “prah”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “prah”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references
# prakiraan cuaca
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of prakiraan (“forecast”) +‎ cuaca (“weather”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pra.ki.ˈra.an ˈt͡ʃu.ˈa.t͡ʃa/

### Noun

prakiraan cuaca (uncountable)
* (meteorology) weather forecast, weather report, weathercast: A prediction of future weather, often for a specific locality, in a newspaper or on the radio or television
    Synonym: ramalan cuaca

### Further reading

* “prakiraan cuaca” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# セタ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* シタ (Hokkaido, Sakhalin, South Kuril)

### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *gita LH (“dog”) ( < *LL ? cf. accent in KK ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sèꜛtá/

### Noun

セタ (Latin spelling seta)
* (Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril) dog
    Synonyms: レエㇷ゚ (reep), レイェㇷ゚ (reyep)

### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
   * John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)‎, Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., page 396
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)
   * DYBOWSKI のシュムシュ島アイヌ語資料について（第1部） (DYBOWSKI No Shumushu Tō Ainu Go Shiryō Ni Tsuite (Dai 1 Bu), “On DYBOWSKI's Shumshu Island Ainu Language Materials (Part 1)”)‎ (in Japanese), Fukuoka: 村山七郎 (Murayama Shichirō), 1970 (Kuril)
# рамонак
## Belarusian
### Etymology

From рамо́н (ramón) +‎ -ак (-ak), ultimately from Latin rōmānus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [raˈmonak]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -onak
* Hyphenation: ра‧мо‧нак

### Noun

рамо́нак • (ramónak) m inan (genitive рамо́нку, uncountable, relational adjective рамо́нкавы, diminutive рамо́начак)
* (plant, uncountable) chamomile (chamomile as a general idea, group of chamomiles)
* chamomile tea (dried chamomile flowers and the drink made from them)
    Synonyms: рамо́нкавая гарба́та (ramónkavaja harbáta), рамо́нкавы чай (ramónkavy čaj)

#### Declension
### Noun

рамо́нак • (ramónak) m inan (genitive рамо́нка, nominative plural рамо́нкі, genitive plural рамо́нкаў, relational adjective рамо́нкавы, diminutive рамо́начак)
* (plant, countable) chamomile (a plant or a flower)

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* ↑ Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2006), “рамо́нак”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 11 (раб – сая́н), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 92

### Further reading

* “рамонак”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “рамонак” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
* "рамонак" in Belarusian-Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at Verbum
# prefasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch prefatie (“preface”), from Medieval Latin prefātia, for classical Latin praefātiō (“a saying beforehand”), from praefor (“to speak beforehand”), from prae- (“beforehand”) + for (“to speak”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /preˈfasi/ [preˈfa.si]
* Rhymes: -asi
* Syllabification: pre‧fa‧si

### Noun

prefasi (plural prefasi-prefasi)
* (Catholicism) preface: a variable prayer forming the prelude or introduction to the Eucharistic Prayer or canon of the Mass, following the Sursum corda dialogue and leading into the Sanctus

### Further reading

* “prefasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# presbiterian
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /prɛsbiteˈrian/ [prɛs.bi.t̪eˈri.an]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: pres‧bi‧te‧ri‧an

### Noun

presbiterian (plural presbiterian-presbiterian)
* (Protestantism) Presbyterian: A person belonging to a church in the tradition of Presbyterianism

#### Related terms

* presbiter
* presbiterial
* presbiterium

### Further reading

* “presbiterian” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# presentasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, from Dutch presentatie, from Old French presentation (French présentation), from Latin praesentātiōnem, accusative singular of praesentātiō (“representation, exhibition”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /presɛnˈtasi/
* Rhymes: -si, -i
* Hyphenation: pré‧sèn‧ta‧si

### Noun

présèntasi (plural presentasi-presentasi)
* presentation:
** the act of presenting, or something presented
    Synonym: pemberian
** a lecture or speech given in front of an audience
    Synonym: pembentangan (Standard Malay)
** (medicine) the symptoms and other possible indications of disease, trauma, etc., that are exhibited by a patient who has sought, or has otherwise come to, the attention of a physician
** (obstetrics) the position of the foetus in the uterus at birth
    Synonym: letak

#### Derived terms

* berpresentasi
* dipresentasikan
* mempresentasikan

### Further reading

* “presentasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# probandus
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin probandus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌproːˈbɑn.dʏs/
* Hyphenation: pro‧band‧us

### Noun

probandus m (plural probandi, feminine probanda)
* a male proband (man who is subject of a genealogical study)
* Alternative form of proband

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: probandus

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch probandus, from Latin probandus.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /proˈbandus/ [proˈban.dʊs]
* Rhymes: -andus
* Syllabification: pro‧ban‧dus

### Noun

probandus (plural probandus-probandus)
* (education, medicine) simulated patient, standardized patient, sample patient, or patient instructor: a person who is trained to mimic a real patient's history, physical exam, and emotional state
    Synonym: pasien simulasi
* proband
** a particular subject (human or other animal) being studied or reported on
** (medicine genetics) an individual who presents with a genetic disorder or other specific characteristic, when this leads to the genetic investigation of the individual's family

### Further reading

* “probandus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

Future passive participle of probō.

### Participle

probandus (feminine probanda, neuter probandum); first/second-declension participle
* which is to be approved, tested, proved

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.
# prodeo
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Latin prodeo, from pro (“for the sake of”) +‎ deo (“god, deity”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [proˈdɛo̯]
* Hyphenation: pro‧dèo

### Adjective

prodéo
* free; gratis
    Synonyms: cuma-cuma, gratis
* (Can we verify this sense?)because of god

#### Derived terms

* hotel prodeo

### Further reading

* “prodeo” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

From prō- +‎ eō. Compare redeō, from re- + eō.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈproː.de.oː/, [ˈproːd̪eoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpro.de.o/, [ˈprɔːd̪eo]

### Verb

prōdeō (present infinitive prōdīre, perfect active prōdiī or prōdīvī, supine prōditum); irregular conjugation, no passive
* (intransitive) to go forth: to advance, to proceed
    Synonyms: prōgredior, prōficiō, prōcēdō, adeō, aggredior, gradior, subeō, incēdō, īnferō, accēdō, ēvehō, succēdō, adorior
    Antonyms: dēgredior, dēficiō, discēdō, dēcēdō, dīgredior, cēdō, excēdō, facessō
* (intransitive) to come forth: to appear, to emerge, to become manifest
* (intransitive) to come up, to turn out, to become fashionable
** 2 CE, Publius Ovidius Naso, Ars Amatoria Book 3, 171:...cultus et ornatus variis prodisse capillis......adorned and decorated by the various tresses (or, the various hairstyles) to have become fashionable...

#### Conjugation
### References

* “prodeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “prodeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* prodeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to come upon the stage: in scaenam prodire to pass the limit: extra modum prodire to show oneself in the streets, in public: in publicum prodire (Verr. 2. 1. 31) to appear as witness against a person: testem prodire (in aliquem)
# pronomina persona
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pronomina (“pronoun”) +‎ persona (“to replace; to change”), from Latin pronomina personalia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pro.no.ˈmi.na pər.ˈso.na/

### Noun

pronomina persona (plural pronomina-pronomina persona)
* (grammar) personal pronoun: pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it, they)

#### Synonyms

* kata ganti diri (Standard Malay)
* kata ganti orang

### Further reading

* “pronomina persona” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# proyek
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch project, from Latin prōiectum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpro.jɛk/
* Hyphenation: pro‧yèk

### Noun

proyèk (plural proyek-proyek)
* project:
** a planned endeavor, usually with a specific goal and accomplished in several steps or stages
** (education) a complex, real-world task or problem that students work on over an extended period, serving as the central vehicle for learning and applying knowledge across different subjects, where they actively research, design, develop, and present a solution, often in teams, to demonstrate their understanding and mastery of key concepts and skills

#### Alternative forms

* projèk (nonstandard Indonesian)
* projek (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

#### Derived terms

* keproyekan
* proyek mercusuar
* proyek perintis
* proyek sangkuriang

#### Related terms

* proyeksi
* proyektor

### Further reading

* “proyek” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# рамонак
## Belarusian
### Etymology

From рамо́н (ramón) +‎ -ак (-ak), ultimately from Latin rōmānus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [raˈmonak]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -onak
* Hyphenation: ра‧мо‧нак

### Noun

рамо́нак • (ramónak) m inan (genitive рамо́нку, uncountable, relational adjective рамо́нкавы, diminutive рамо́начак)
* (plant, uncountable) chamomile (chamomile as a general idea, group of chamomiles)
* chamomile tea (dried chamomile flowers and the drink made from them)
    Synonyms: насто́й рамо́нку (nastój ramónku), рамо́нкавая гарба́та (ramónkavaja harbáta), рамо́нкавы чай (ramónkavy čaj)

#### Declension
### Noun

рамо́нак • (ramónak) m inan (genitive рамо́нка, nominative plural рамо́нкі, genitive plural рамо́нкаў, relational adjective рамо́нкавы, diminutive рамо́начак)
* (plant, countable) chamomile (a plant or a flower)

#### Declension

$^1$Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

### References

* ↑ Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2006), “рамо́нак”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 11 (раб – сая́н), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 92

### Further reading

* “рамонак”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “рамонак” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
* "рамонак" in Belarusian-Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at Verbum
# PSAJ
## Indonesian
### Noun

PSAJ (plural PSAJ-PSAJ)
* (education) Initialism of penilaian sumatif akhir jenjang.
# publikasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch publicatie, from Middle Dutch publicatie, from Middle French publication, (ultimately) from Old French [Term?], from Latin pūblicātiō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /publiˈkasi/
* Hyphenation: pub‧li‧ka‧si

### Noun

publikasi (uncountable)
* publication:
** the communication of information to the general public etc.
    Synonym: pengumuman
** the act of publishing printed or other matter
    Synonym: penerbitan
** an issue of printed or other matter, offered for sale or distribution
    Synonyms: keluaran, terbitan

#### Derived terms

* mempublikasikan
* memublikasikan
* pemublikasian
* terpublikasi

#### Related terms

* publikasi ilmiah
* publikasi primer

### Further reading

* “publikasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pugar
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpu.ɡar/
* Rhymes: -ɡar
* Hyphenation: pu‧gar

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦸꦒꦼꦂ (puger). Semantic loan from Dutch herstellingsteken for music sense of natural.

#### Root

pugar
* Alternative spelling of memugar

#### Noun

pugar (plural pugar-pugar)
* (music) natural: The symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note
    Synonym: natural (Standard Malay)

#### Derived terms

* dipugar
* dipugarkan
* memugar
* memugari
* memugarkan
* pemugar
* pemugaran
* pugaran

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Minangkabau puga (“to hit”).

#### Root

pugar
* Alternative spelling of memugar

##### Derived terms

* dipugar
* memugar

### Further reading

* “pugar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# punah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay punah, from Sanskrit पून (pūna, “destroyed”), पू (pū, “to destroy”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpunah]
* Hyphenation: pu‧nah

### Adjective

punah
* extinct, no longer in existence; having died out
    Synonyms: binasa, lenyap, musnah
    Bagaimana makhluk hidup tersebut dapat punah? ― How can that living thing be extinct?

#### Affixed terms

* kepunahan
* memunahkan
* pemunahan

### Further reading

* “punah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Sundanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpunah]
* Hyphenation: pu‧nah

### Etymology 1

Perhaps from Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡 (puṇṇa, “full”), from Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa, “full, fulfilled, complete”). Compare Pali puṇṇa, Hindi पून (pūn)

#### Adjective

punah (Sundanese script ᮕᮥᮔᮂ)
* paid off; settled (of a debt)

### Etymology 2

From Indonesian punah (“extinct”).

#### Adjective

punah (Sundanese script ᮕᮥᮔᮂ)
* (more common) extinct, no longer in existence.
    Synonyms: carem, tumpur
    Maung Bali téh geus punah ti taun 1900-anThe Bali tiger already went extinct in the 1900s

### Further reading

* Coolsma, S (1913) Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij
* Maman Sumantri, et al. (1985) Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia