# 俗語
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): súyǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˊ ㄩˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk$^6$ jyu$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siu̍k-ngî
* Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̆-ngṳ̌
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sio̍k-gú / sio̍k-gír / sio̍k-gí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: súyǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˊ ㄩˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: súyǔ
*** Wade–Giles: su$^2$-yü$^3$
*** Yale: sú-yǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: swuyeu
*** Palladius: суюй (sujuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /su³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: súyǔr
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˊ ㄩˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: súyǔr
*** Wade–Giles: su$^2$-yü$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: sú-yǔr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: swuyeuel
*** Palladius: суюйр (sujujr)
*** Sinological IPA : /su³⁵ yə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zuk$^6$ jyu$^5$
*** Yale: juhk yúh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk$^9$ jy$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zug$^6$ yu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊk̚² jyː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siu̍k-ngî
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiug ngi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiug$^6$ ngi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯uk̚⁵ ŋi²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̆-ngṳ̌
*** Sinological IPA : /sy²⁴ ŋy²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k-gú
*** Tâi-lô: sio̍k-gú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siogguo
*** IPA (Tainan): /siɔk̚⁴⁻¹ ɡu⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /siɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡu⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k-gír
*** Tâi-lô: sio̍k-gír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔk̚²⁴⁻² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k-gí
*** Tâi-lô: sio̍k-gí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioggie
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: zjowk ngjoX
Rime :
| Character | 俗 | 語 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 似足切 | 魚巨切 |
| Baxter | zjowk | ngjoX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zɨok̚/ | /ŋɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ziok̚/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ziok̚/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zuawk̚/ | /ŋɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ziok̚/ | /ŋiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭwok̚/ | /ŋĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯wok̚/ | /ŋi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sú | yǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zuk$^6$ | jyu$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-[ɢ]ok ŋ(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljoɡ ŋaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 俗 | 語 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sú | yǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjowk › | ‹ ngjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-[ɢ]ok/ | /*ŋ(r)aʔ/ |
| English | ways, customs; vulgar | speak |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 俗 | 語 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 4302 | 13159 |
| Phonetic component | 谷 | 五 |
| Rime group | 屋 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 續 | 語 |
| Old Chinese | /*ljoɡ/ | /*ŋaʔ/ |

### Noun

俗語
* common saying; adage

#### Synonyms

* 俗話 / 俗话 (súhuà)
* 俗語話 / 俗语话 (sṳ̆k-ngṳ̄-uâ) (Eastern Min, Hokkien)
* 常言 (chángyán)
* 恆言 / 恒言 (héngyán) (literary)

#### See also

* 成語／成语 (chéngyǔ)
* 歇後語／歇后语 (xiēhòuyǔ)
* 諺語／谚语 (yànyǔ)

## Japanese
### Etymology

Kanji in this term :
| 俗 | 語 |
| ぞく Grade: S | ご Grade: 2 |
| goon ||
Compound of 俗 (zoku, “common, vulgar”) +‎ 語 (go, “word, term, language”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぞくご [zòkúgó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡zo̞kɯ̟ɡo̞]

### Noun

俗(ぞく)語(ご) • (zokugo)
* common language (as opposed to literary or poetic language); vernacular
* colloquial or informal language; slang
* proverb
* layman's language unconfined to Buddhism
* early modern spoken Chinese

### References

* ↑ “ぞく‐ご 【俗語】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Noun

俗語 • (sogeo) (hangeul 속어)
* hanja form of 속어 (“slang”)

## Vietnamese
### Noun

俗語
* chữ Hán form of tục ngữ (“proverb”).