# صدر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.da.ra/

#### Verb

صَدَرَ • (ṣadara) I (non-past يَصْدُرُ (yaṣduru) or يَصْدِرُ (yaṣdiru), verbal noun صَدْر (ṣadr) or صُدُور (ṣudūr) or مَصْدَر (maṣdar)) (intransitive)
* to emerge; to come up; to spring; to issue; to rise
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 99:6:يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصْدُرُ النَّاسُ أَشْتَاتًا لِّيُرَوْا أَعْمَالَهُمْyawmaʔiḏin yaṣduru an-nāsu ʔaštātan liyuraw ʔaʕmālahumOn that Day people will proceed in separate groups to be shown [the consequences of] their deeds.
** to materialize, to happen, to occur
    Synonym: حَدَثَ (ḥadaṯa)
** to emerge as if from a source, to proceed, to emanate, to arise, to originate, to stem, to spring
    Synonym: اِنْبَثَقَ (inbaṯaqa)
** to be released; to be public or available, to be out; to come out; to circulate
    صَدَرَ الْكِتَابُ مِنْ دَارِ النَّشْرِ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاء.ṣadara l-kitābu min dāri n-našri yawma l-ʔarbiʕāʔ.The book issued from the publisher on Wednesday.

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤad.da.ra/

#### Verb

صَدَّرَ • (ṣaddara) II (non-past يُصَدِّرُ (yuṣaddiru), verbal noun تَصْدِير (taṣdīr)) (transitive)
* to send, to send off, to send out
** to export
** to dispatch; to forward; to transport
** to publish, to issue, to promulgate
* to preface; to introduce
    Synonyms: قَدَّمَ (qaddama), مَهَّدَ (mahhada)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤadr/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

صَدْر • (ṣadr) m
* (uncountable) verbal noun of صَدَرَ (ṣadara, “to emerge; to materialize; to be released publicly”) (form I)

### Etymology 2.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤadr/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

صَدْر • (ṣadr) m (plural صُدُور (ṣudūr))
* (uncountable) verbal noun of صَدَرَ (ṣadara, “to hit in the chest”) (form I)
* (countable) a chest, a breast
** a bust, a bosom
** something resembling, likened to, or related to chests (such as a center, a core, a heart, and so on)
* (countable) a front
    Synonyms: جَبَهَةَ (jabahata), وَاجِهَة (wājiha), مُقَدَّمَ (muqaddama)
    Antonyms: عَجْز (ʕajz), دُبْر (dubr), مُؤَخَّرَ (muʔaḵḵara)
** a person at the front, a leader, a commander
* (countable) a beginning, a start, an outset, a commencement; an inception; a dawn, a rise

##### Declension
### Etymology 2.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.da.ra/

#### Verb

صَدَرَ • (ṣadara) I (non-past يَصْدُرُ (yaṣduru), verbal noun صَدْر (ṣadr))
* (transitive) to hurt the chest of; to hit in the chest
* (passive voice) to have a chest complaint

##### Conjugation
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “صدر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 485–486
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “صدر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 1318–1319
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “صدر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “صدر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 576
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “صدر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “صدر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 701–702

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic صَدَّرَ (ṣaddara).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤad.dar/

#### Verb

صَدَّر • (ṣaddar) II (non-past يِصَدِّر (yiṣaddir))
* to export

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic صَدْرْ (ṣadr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.dir/, /sˤa.dur/

#### Noun

صَدِر or صَدُر • (ṣadir or ṣadur) m (construct state صَدْر (ṣadr), plural صُدور (ṣudūr))
* chest
* breast
    Synonym: (informal) ديس (dēs)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَدْر (ṣadr).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [saðɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säd̪ɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säd̪ɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [säd̪ɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [säd̪ɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæd̪ɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [säd̪ɾ]

### Noun

صدر • (sadr) (plural صدور (sodur))
* something principal; something chief; something foremost
* beginning; early part
    در صدر اسلام ― dar sadr-e eslâm ― in Islam's early days
* (historical) High-ranking title in medieval and Early Modern Iran:
** From the eleventh century to circa 1370, a title used for any high-ranking official.
** From circa 1370 to 1800, the chief minister of religious affairs, who was in charge of the Islamic judiciary and the operation of charitable funds.
** Under Qajar rule in the nineteenth century, again a generic prestigious title, but especially short for صدر اعظم (sadr-e a'zam, “grand vizier.”)
* (uncommon) chest; breast
    Synonym: سینه (sine)

### Proper noun

صدر • (sadr)
* a surname from Arabic, usually used by descendants of the Shi'ite Imam Musa al-Kazim.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic صَدَرَ (ṣadara).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.dar/, [ˈsˤɑ.dˤɑr]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

صدر • (ṣadar) I (present بصدر (boṣdor))
* to be published, to be issued, to be released

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic صَدَّرَ (ṣaddara).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤad.dar/, [ˈsˤɑdˤ.dˤɑr]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

صدّر • (ṣaddar) II (present بصدّر (biṣadder))
* to publish, to issue, to release
* to export

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Arabic صَدْر (ṣadr).

#### Alternative forms

* سدر (sidr)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤidr/, [ˈsˤɪ.dˤ(ɪ)rˤ], [ˈsɪ.d(ɪ)r]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

صدر • (ṣidr) m (plural صدورة (ṣdūra))
* chest, breast

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian صَدْر (sadr), from Arabic صَدْر (ṣadr).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /səd̪ɾ/
* Rhymes: -ədɾ

### Noun

صَدْر • (sadr) m (formal plural صُدُور (sudūr), Hindi spelling सदर)
* president
* chief, head; host (of an event etc.)

#### Derived terms

* صَدْرِ مَمْلَکَت (sadr-i mamlakat, “head of state”)

#### Proper noun

صَدْر • (sadr) m (Hindi spelling सद्र)
* Saddar (a neighbourhood of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan).