# ganda
## Faroese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

ganda (third person singular past indicative gandaði, supine gandað)
* to conjure, to bewitch, to jinx, to hex

#### Conjugation

$^1$Only the past participle being declined.

#### Synonyms

* rúna

### Further reading

"ganda" at Sprotin.fo

## Icelandic
### Noun

ganda
* indefinite accusative plural of gandur
* indefinite genitive plural of gandur

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈɡanda/ [ˈɡan.da]
* Rhymes: -anda
* Syllabification: gan‧da

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay ݢندا (ganda, “fold”),
* probably from Hindi गंडा (gaṇḍā, “aggregate of four; knot”).
* probably from Sanskrit गण्ड (gaṇḍa, “whole cheek, side, joint”).

#### Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)
* dual
* double
* fold
* multiple

##### Derived terms

* berganda
* berganda-ganda
* diganda
* digandakan
* diperganda-gandakan
* dipergandakan
* ganda-berganda
* memperganda-gandakan
* mempergandakan
* mengganda
* menggandakan
* pengganda
* penggandaan
* pergandaan

#### Compounds

* ganda campuran

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay ݢندا (ganda, “odour; perfume”), from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandá, “scent, smell”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰás (“smell”).

#### Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)
* scent, smell
    Synonym: bau

#### Compounds

* ganda rasa

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Betawi [Term?].

#### Adjective

ganda
* dare to fight
* underestimate

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Balinese [Term?]

#### Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)
* dry corn husk

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from Moronene [Term?]

#### Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)
* distended stomach

### Etymology 6

Borrowed from Malay [Term?] (Riau dialect).

#### Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)
* wood used as a support for a whetstone

### Further reading

* “ganda” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* gande (e-infinitive)
* gainnj, gainn, gannj (palatalization)

### Etymology

Compare to Faroese ganda

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²ɡɑndɑ/
* IPA: /ɡɑɲː/ (Trøndelag dialect)

### Verb

ganda (present tense gandar, past tense ganda, past participle ganda, passive infinitive gandast, present participle gandande, imperative ganda/gand)
* to conjure
* to use magic sending a sickness upon somebody

#### Related terms

* gand
* gandferd
* gandfluge
* gandfugl

### References

* “ganda” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Oromo
### Noun

ganda
* village

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɐ̃.dɐ/
* Hyphenation: gan‧da

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Bengali গন্ডার (gonḍar), from Sanskrit गण्ड (gaṇḍa).

#### Noun

ganda f (plural gandas)
* (dated, India) rhinoceros
    Synonyms: rinoceronte, abada (dated)

### Etymology 2

Alteration of grande.

#### Adjective

ganda m or f (plural gandas)
* (Portugal, colloquial) large, big

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

ganda class V (plural maganda class VI)
* skin
* shell
* peel

### Verb

-ganda (infinitive kuganda)
* to coagulate; freeze
    maziwa ya kugandacurdled milk
* (of food) to spoil

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -ganda :
| Positive present | -naganda |
| Subjunctive | -gande |
| Negative | -gandi |
| Imperative singular | ganda |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuganda |
| Negative | kutoganda |
Imperatives :
| Singular | ganda |
| Plural | gandeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huganda |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -liganda |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuganda |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -taganda |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -taganda |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sigande |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeganda |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeganda |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngaliganda |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singaliganda |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meganda |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshaganda |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jaganda |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kiganda |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipoganda |
| Consecutive | kaganda / positive subject concord + -kaganda |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kagande |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -gandia
** Causative: -gandisha
** Stative: -gandika

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* ganra — dialectal, Rizal, informal

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ɡanˈda/ [ɡɐn̪ˈd̪a]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: gan‧da

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandhá, “aroma, fragrance”) with semantic shift, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰás (“smell”).

#### Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)
* beauty
    Synonyms: kagandahan, dilag, karilagan
* splendor
    Synonyms: dikit, kariktan, dingal, karingalan
* fineness; excellence; fine quality (of someone's work, etc.)
    Synonyms: husay, kahusayan
* fineness; brightness (of weather)
    Synonyms: kaaliwalasan, kaliwanagan, kagandahan

##### Derived terms

* adnagam
* damagans
* damags
* gandahan
* gandang-kalooban
* gandang-langit
* gandiz
* gumanda
* ikaganda
* ipaganda
* kagandahan
* maganda
* magandahan
* magandahin
* magandang araw
* Magandang Balita
* magandang gabi
* magandang hapon
* magandang tanghali
* magandang umaga
* magandang-kalooban
* magandang-loob
* magandang-maganda
* magmaganda
* magmagandang-loob
* magpaganda
* nakagaganda
* napakaganda
* paganda
* pagandahan
* pagandahin
* pagkaganda
* pampaganda
* timpalak-kagandahan

### Etymology 2

Probably from Sanskrit कन्द (kanda, “garlic; bulbous plant”). Compare Cebuano ganda.

#### Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)
* garlic chive; Chinese chive
    Synonyms: kutsay, perero

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)
* annual interest of a hundred percent on a loan

##### See also

* takipan

### Further reading

* “ganda”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila
** page 26: “Adornar) Ganda [(pc)] alguna ymagen o nouia, o adorno de virtudes”
** page 125: “Bueno) Ganda [(pc)] excelente y ſin ygual”
** page 316: “Excelente) Ganda (pc) ſea lo que fuere”
** page 351: “Hermoſura) Ganda (pc) aſi de cara como de arreo”
** page 605: “Vſura) Ganda (pc) q̃ creçe de cada año”
* Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 282

### Anagrams

* dagan