# 饉

| 饉 | U+9949, &#39241; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9949 |
| ← 饈 [U+9948] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 饊 → [U+994A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

饉 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+11, 20 strokes, cangjie input 人戈廿中一 (OITLM), four-corner 8471$_4$, composition ⿰飠堇(GHTV) or ⿰𩙿堇(JK) or ⿰飠𦰌)
* time of famine or crop failure

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1425, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44366
* Dae Jaweon: page 1950, character 34
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4469, character 14
* Unihan data for U+9949

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 饉 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 囏 | *krɯːn |
| 螼 | *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns |
| 堇 | *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ |
| 墐 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns |
| 𥎊 | *ɡrɯn |
| 僅 | *ɡrɯns |
| 瑾 | *ɡrɯns |
| 覲 | *ɡrɯns |
| 殣 | *ɡrɯns |
| 饉 | *ɡrɯns |
| 廑 | *ɡrɯns |
| 瘽 | *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ |
| 歏 | *ɡrɯns |
| 鄞 | *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn |
| 謹 | *kɯnʔ |
| 槿 | *kɯnʔ |
| 漌 | *kɯnʔ |
| 慬 | *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn |
| 勤 | *ɡɯn |
| 懃 | *ɡɯn |
| 懄 | *ɡɯn |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǐn (jin$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gan$^2$ / gan$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^3$
*** Yale: jǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^2$ / gan$^6$
*** Yale: gán / gahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^2$ / gan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^2$ / gen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn³⁵/, /kɐn²²/
* Middle Chinese: ginH
Rime :
| Character | 饉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (44) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠遴切 |
| Baxter | ginH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡien$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡǐĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 饉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jìn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gin$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/ |
| English | famine |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 饉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6738 |
| Phonetic component | 堇 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 僅 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrɯns/ |

### Definitions

饉
* (fossil word) famine

#### Usage notes

* Some ancient dictionaries including Shuowen Jiezi claimed that 饑 was used for shortage of grain and 饉 of vegetables, which however is not attested in the Old Chinese corpus.

#### Compounds

* 年饉 / 年馑
* 饑饉 / 饥馑 (jījǐn)
* 饑饉之歲 / 饥馑之岁
* 饑饉荐臻 / 饥馑荐臻 (jījǐnjiànzhēn)
* 饑饉薦臻 / 饥馑荐臻 (jījǐnjiànzhēn)

### References

* “饉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | Shinjitai (extended) | 饉󠄃 饉+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| Kyūjitai | 饉 | |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin)
* Kun: うえる (ueru, 饉える)

#### Compounds

* 餒(だい)饉(きん) (daikin, “body deterioration due to starvation or hunger”)

## Korean
### Hanja

饉 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

饉: Hán Việt readings: cận
饉: Nôm readings: cận
* chữ Hán form of cận (“famine, crop failure, starvation”).

### References

* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Trần (2004).