# to
## Translingual
### Symbol

to
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Tongan.

## English
### Alternative forms

* (dialectal) ter
* (contraction) t'
* (abbreviation) 2

### Etymology 1

From Middle English to, from Old English tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō ~ *ta, from Proto-Indo-European *de ~ *do (“to”). Cognate with Scots tae, to (“to”), North Frisian to, tö, tu (“to”), Saterland Frisian tou (“to”), Low German to (“to”), Dutch toe, te (“to”), German zu (“to”), West Frisian ta (“to”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian ndaj (“towards”), Irish do (“to, for”), Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Russian до (do, “to”). Doublet of too.

#### Pronunciation

Stressed
* enPR: to͞o, IPA: /tuː/
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: [tu̟ː], [tʰʊw]
** (US) IPA: [tʰu̟(ː)]
** (Canada) IPA: [t(ʰ)u̟ː]
** (Standard Southern British) IPA: [tʰʉw]
** (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: [tʰʉː]
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Homophones: too, two
* Rhymes: -uː
Unstressed
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready. Particularly: "(US, after a vowel) (before a vowel) (US, after a vowel)"
* (before a consonant) IPA: /tə/, /tʊ/
** (US, after a vowel) IPA: [ɾə]
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (before a vowel) IPA: /tʊ/, /tu(ː)/
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: [tʊ(w)]
** (US) IPA: [tʊ(w)], [tu̟]
** (US, after a vowel) IPA: [ɾʊ(w)], [ɾu̟]
** (Canada) IPA: [tʊ(w)], [tu̟(ː)]
** (Standard Southern British) IPA: [t(ʰ)ʉw]

#### Particle

to
* A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.
    I want to leave.
    He asked me what to do.
    I have places to go and people to see.
    To err is human.
    Who am I to criticise? I've done worse things myself.
** 1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC:To err, is human; to forgive, divine.
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:To be, or not to be: that is the question: / […]
** 2010 July, “Archived copy”, in Associated Press‎, archived from the original on 5 July 2010, headline:Odds are, BP to get new CEO this year
** 2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport‎:To that end, the home supporters were in good voice to begin with, but it was Newcastle who started the game in the ascendancy, with Barton putting a diving header over the top from Jose Enrique's cross.
* As above, with the verb implied.
    "Did you visit the museum?" "I wanted to, but it was closed."
    If he hasn't read it yet, he ought to.
* Used to indicate an obligation on the part of, or a directive given to, the subject.
    You are to go to the store and buy a bottle of milk.
* (expressing purpose) In order to.
    I went to the shops to buy some bread.

##### Derived terms

* finna (fixing to)
* gonna (going to)
* gotta (got to)
* hafta (have to)
* oughta (ought to)
* supposta (supposed to)
* usta (used to)
* wanna (want to)

##### Translations

* A user suggests that this English entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “Sense 1 is not the English infinitive morpheme, that would be -∅. The sentence "I could eat." contains a verb in the infinitive but no to. Rather, to is a particle that is used in conjunction with an already (zero-)marked infinitive. The box below, however, seems to contain a random mix of translations of the infinitive marker -∅ (e.g. German -en, Romanian -a, Turkish -mek) and the particle to (e.g. German zu, Romanian a).”
* Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Preposition

to
* In the direction of; towards.
    She looked to the heavens.
* Indicating destination or final position: In the direction of, so as to arrive at or reach.
    We are walking to the shop.
    The water came right to the top of this wall.
    The coconut fell to the ground.
** 2013 September 28, Kenan Malik, “London Is Special, but Not That Special”, in New York Times, retrieved 28 September 2013:Driven by a perceived political need to adopt a hard-line stance, Mr. Cameron’s coalition government has imposed myriad new restrictions, the aim of which is to reduce net migration to Britain to below 100,000.
* Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action.
    I gave the book to him.
    I spoke to him earlier.
    He devoted himself to education.
    They drank to his health.
* So as to contact, press against, impact, etc.
    I fixed the notice to the wall.
    Put your shoulder to the door.
* So as to become or reach: indicating a terminal state resulting from an action.
    His face was beaten to a pulp.
    Whisk the mixture to a smooth consistency.
* So as to bring about or elicit (an effect or outcome).
    He made several bad-taste jokes to groans from the audience.
    I tried complaining, but it was to no effect.
    To everyone's great relief, the tuneless carol singers finally ceased their warbling.
* Used after an adjective to indicate its application.
    similar to ..., relevant to ..., pertinent to ..., I was nice to him, he was cruel to her, I am used to walking.
* Indicating a degree or level reached.
    It was to a large extent true.
    We manufacture these parts to a very high tolerance.
* Used to describe what something consists of or contains.
    Anyone could do this job; there's nothing to it.
    There's a lot of sense to what he says.
    The name has a nice ring to it.
* Denotes the end of a range.
    It takes 2 to 4 weeks to process typical applications.
* (obsolete) As a.
    With God to friend (with God as a friend); with The Devil to fiend (with the Devil as a foe); lambs slaughtered to lake (lambs slaughtered as a sacrifice); took her to wife (took her as a wife); was sold to slave (was sold as a slave).
* Used to indicate a ratio or comparison; compared to, as against.
    one to one = 1:1
    ten to one = 10:1.
    I have ten dollars to your four.
    The odds on that horse are seven to two.
** c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:The hoſt of Xerxes, which by fame is ſaid To drinke the mightie Parthian Araris, Was but a handfull to that we will haue.
** 2012 April 22, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0-1 West Brom”, in BBC Sport‎:In total, the Reds had 28 shots to their opponent's nine, and 15 corners to the Baggies' three.
* (arithmetic) Used to indicate that the preceding term is to be raised to the power of the following value; indicates exponentiation.
    Three squared or three to the second power is nine.
    Three to the power of two is nine.
    Three to the second is nine.
* (time) Preceding (the stated hour).
    What's the time? – It's quarter to four in the afternoon (or 3:45 pm).
    Antonym: past
** (informal) With implied hour.
    It’s quarter to (3:45, or 4:45, or whatever time ending in 45 would make the most sense)
* According to.
    Our holiday did not go to plan.
* (Canada, Cornwall (UK), Newfoundland, Wales, West Midlands (UK)) At.
    Stay where you're to and I'll come find you, b'y.
    Where are you to?
** 1867, Cornish Tales, in prose and verse by various authors, page 33:"What's that to you?" said Trevool, rather sharply, "worn't I to a berrin? […]
* Used more-or-less idiomatically with various verbs: keep to the left, agree to the proposal, attend to the matter, etc. See the individual entries.

##### Usage notes

In the sense of "as a", it is a fossil word (Standard English only), found usually only in obsolete set phrases like: "to take a woman to wife", "to have someone to friend", "to have something to birthright" etc. In northern dialects,(clarification of this definition is needed) where it is rare but still in common use, it is often used in combination with with.

##### Derived terms

* lean-to
* many-to-many
* many-to-one
* one-to-many
* one-to-one
* to a hair
* to a man
* to and fro
* to hand
* to spare

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

##### See also

* at

#### Adverb

to (not comparable)
* (regionalism) Toward a closed, touching or engaging position.
    Synonyms: closed, shut
    Antonyms: open, ajar
    Please push the door to.
** 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 12”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:He went in his room, pushed the door to, without fastening the latch.
** 1925, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, chapter V, in The Great Gatsby, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 104:Aware of the loud beating of my own heart I pulled the door to against the increasing rain.
* (nautical) Into the wind.
* Misspelling of too.

##### Usage notes

The sense "toward a closed, touching or engaging position" is a regionalism found in various parts of the UK and US.

##### See also

* come to
* heave to
* here's to
* lean-to
* set-to
* to and fro
* For quotations using this term, see Citations:to.

### Etymology 2

From Hindi तो (to).

#### Pronunciation

* (India) IPA: /t̪oː/, [t̪oː]

#### Particle

to
* (mild intensifier, colloquial, chiefly North India) a filler word common amongst urban Indians.
    I am to so bored right now.

### References

* Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

### Anagrams

* OT, ot-

## Abinomn
### Noun

to
* sago (tree)

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin tuus.

### Adjective

to (epicene, plural tos)
* your

#### Related terms

* tuyu

## Babine-Witsuwit'en
### Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

### Noun

to
* water

### References

* Sharon Hargus, Wisuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology (2007), page 43

## Babuza
### Noun

to
* water

### References

* Naoyoshi Ogawa, English-Favorlang vocabulary (2003)
* S. Tsuchida, A Comparative Vocabulary of Austronesian Languages of Sinicized Ethnic Groups in Taiwan, Part I: Western Taiwan, Memoirs of the Faculty of Letters, No. 7 (1982)

## Bahnar
### Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *tɔʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *tɔʔ. Cognates include Vietnamese đó, Khmer ដ៏ (dɑɑ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔː/

### Pronoun

to
* that, there

## Bambara
### Noun

to
* stiff porridge

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). First attested in 1575.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈtɔ]

### Noun

to m (plural tons)
* (music) tone (specific pitch)
* (linguistics) tone (pitch of a word)
* tone or shade of a color

#### Derived terms

* entonar
* semitò

### References

* ↑ “to”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

### Further reading

* “to” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “to” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “to” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech to.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈto]
* Audio:(file)

### Pronoun

to n
* nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of ten: it, this, that

### Further reading

* “to”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “to”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “to”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Dalmatian
### Etymology

From Latin tuus. Compare Italian tuo, Romanian tău, Friulian to, French ton, Spanish tu.

### Pronoun

to m (feminine toa)
* your; second-person masculine singular possessive pronoun

### See also

* mi
* nuester
* vestro

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”).
The modern Danish form is a merger of the original East Old Norse accusative masculine twā and the nominative/accusative feminine twāʀ (West tvær). The neuter tū (West tvau) is preserved in the adverb itu.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtˢoˀ]

#### Numeral

to
* two

### Etymology 2

From Old Danish thwa, from Old Norse þvá (“wash”), from Proto-Germanic *þwahaną.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtˢoˀ]

#### Verb

to (imperative to, infinitive at to, present tense tor, past tense toede, perfect tense har toet)
* (archaic) to wash

### Conjugation

activepassive
present
tor
toes
past
toede
toedes
infinitive
to
toes
imperative
to
participle
present
toende
past
toet (auxiliary verb have)
gerund
toen :

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [to]
* Hyphenation: to

### Noun

to (accusative singular to-on, plural to-oj, accusative plural to-ojn)
* The name of the Latin-script letter T/t.

### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

## Ewe
### Noun

to
* antelope
* (anatomy) ear
* father-in-law
* mortar
* mountain

### Verb

to
* to crush
* to pound

## Finnish
### Etymology

Abbreviation of torstai (“Thursday”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈto/, [ˈt̪o̞]
* Rhymes: -o
* Hyphenation: to

### Noun

to
* Thu (abbreviation of Thursday)

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /to/
* Homophones: tau, taux, tôt

### Noun

to m (plural tos)
* (cooking, West Africa) variant of tô

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin tuus.

### Pronoun

to (second-person singular possessive of masculine singular, of feminine singular tô, of masculine plural tiei, of feminine plural tôs)
* (used attributively) your, thy; of yours, of thine
    che al sedi santifiât il to nom, che al vegni il to ream, — "Your kingdom come, your will be done," (third and fourth sentences of Lord's Prayer)
* (used predicatively) yours, thine
* (used substantively) yours, thine; the thing belonging to you/ thee

### See also

* lôr
* gno
* nestri
* so
* vuestri

## Fula
### Preposition

to
* in, at, to

### References

* Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɔː]

### Interjection

to
* interjection used to call dogs or cattle
** 1820, B. A. Fandiño, El Heráclito Español y Demócrito Gallego:Meu señor santo Tomé, tendes dous nomes nun só, sodes castrón polo mé, é sodes cán polo tó.My good sir Santo Tomé: You have two names in just one, You are a ram with the "mé" And a dog with the "tó"

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “to”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “to”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “to”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Garifuna
### Article

to
* feminine definite article
    Mutu to ― The woman

#### Antonyms

* le

## Gonja
### Noun

to
* language

### References

* Mary E. Kropp Dakubu, The Languages of Ghana

## Gun
### Etymology 1

Cognates include Fon tò, Saxwe Gbe otò, Adja eto

#### Alternative forms

* òtò, otò

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tò/

#### Noun

tò (plural tò lɛ́ or tò lẹ́)
* city, village, town, country
    Ùn ná yì ná tò cé / N ná yì ná tò ṣié ― I will go to my country

##### Derived terms

* tòdàhó (“city”)
* tòhọ̀ (“city hall”)
* tòkpɛví (“village”)
* tòpẹví (“village”)
* tòví (“citizen”)
* tòxɔ̀ (“city hall”)
* tòɖàxó (“city”)

### Etymology 2

Cognates include Fon tò

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tò/

#### Particle

tò
* A present progressive or habitual tense marker, only used before nouns.
    Synonyms: nɔ̀, nọ̀
    Nyɛ́ tò hàn jì / Yẹ́n tò hàn jì ― I am singing

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tò/

#### Preposition

tò
* in, at

### Etymology 4

Cognates include Fon tò, Adja tò. Compare Yoruba tò, Ifè tò

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tò/

#### Verb

tò
* to arrange, manage, organise

### Etymology 5

From Proto-Gbe *-tó. Cognates include Fon tó, Saxwe Gbe otó, Adja eto, Ewe eto

#### Alternative forms

* òtó, otó

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tó/

#### Noun

tó (plural tó lɛ́ or tó lẹ́)
* ear

##### Derived terms

* dó tó (“to hear”)
* tómɛ̀nú (“earring”)
* tómẹ̀nú (“earring”)
* ɖó tó (“to hear”)

## Hupa
### Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /to(ː)/

### Noun

to
* a body of water, such as a lake or ocean

### References

* The Phonology of the Hupa Language, part 1: The Individual Sounds, volume 5, by Roland Burrage Dixon, Samuel Alfred Barrett, Washington Matthews, Bill Ray (using the older orthography "tō")
* Victor Golla, Hupa Language Dictionary Second Edition (1996), page 105 (to)

## Ido
### Pronoun

to
* Alternative form of ito (“that”)

## Itene
### Noun

to
* eye

### References

* Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 162

## Japanese
### Romanization

to
* The hiragana syllable と (to) or the katakana syllable ト (to) in Hepburn romanization.

## Kangean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: to

### Noun

to
* person; individual
* people

## Kashubian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ/
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Syllabification: to

### Pronoun

to
* relative and interrogative pronoun; this, that

### Further reading

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “to”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎

## Kituba
### Conjunction

to
* or

## Kongo
### Conjunction

to
* or

## Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai
### Alternative forms

* tū

### Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

### Noun

to
* water

### References

* Franz Boas, Pline Early Goddard, Vocabulary of an Athapascan dialect of the State of Washington, IJAL volume III, pages 39-45 (1924-1925)

## Latvian
### Pronoun

to
* that; accusative singular masculine of tas
* with that; instrumental singular masculine of tas
* of that; genitive plural masculine of tas
* that; accusative singular feminine of tas
* with that; instrumental singular feminine of tas
* of that; genitive plural feminine of tas

## Lithuanian
### Pronoun

to
* that; genitive singular masculine of tas

## Louisiana Creole
### Etymology

Inherited from French tu (“you, thou”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /to/
* Rhymes: -o
* Homophone: tô

### Pronoun

to (second person informal singular, plural vouzòt, ouzòt, zòt, zo, objective twa, possessive determiner tô, possessive pronoun tokin, tochin)
* you (singular), thou
    To té paʼlé gra. / To te pale gra.
       You spoke with an accent. (literally: "You had spoken thick.")

#### Derived terms

* (prevocalic) t'

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɔ]

### Pronoun

to n
* this

### Determiner

to
* nominative neuter singular of ten
* accusative neuter singular of ten

## Mauritian Creole
### Etymology

From French tu.

### Pronoun

to (objective twa, formal ou)
* you (second-person singular nominative personal pronoun)

### See also
## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English tā, tāhe, from Proto-West Germanic *taihā, from Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ (“toe”).

#### Alternative forms

* toe, towe, two, tho, teie; ta (northern); toa (Early Middle English)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔː/
* (Northern) IPA: /taː/

#### Noun

to (plural tos or ton)
* (anatomy) toe

##### Related terms

* mistelto

##### Descendants

* English: toe
* Scots: tae
* Yola: toan (plural)

##### References

* “tō, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From Old English tō, ta, te, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toː/
* (unstressed) IPA: /tu/, /tɔ/

#### Particle

to
* to (infinitive marker)

##### Alternative forms

* ta, ti, tu, tho, thu; te (Early Middle English); t (prevocalic)

##### Descendants

* English: to
* Scots: tae

##### References

* “tọ̄̆, verbal part.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

#### Preposition

to
* to

##### Alternative forms

* ta, ti, tu, tho, thu; te (Early Middle English); t (prevocalic)

##### Descendants

* English: to
* Scots: tae
* Yola: ta, to, t'

##### References

* “tọ̄̆, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

#### Adverb

to
* to

##### Alternative forms

* two

##### Descendants

* English: to
* Scots: tae

##### References

* “tọ̄, adv.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

#### Adverb

to
* too

##### Alternative forms

* two; ta (northern West Midlands)

##### Descendants

* English: too
* Scots: tae
* Yola: too

##### References

* “tọ̄, adv.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

#### Conjunction

to
* until
* while
* so that

##### References

* “tọ̄̆, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 3

Shortening of tone.

#### Pronoun

to
* the one (of two)

##### Alternative forms

* two; ta (northern)

## Mohawk
### Particle

to
* Alternative form of tó:

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse tvá, accusative case of tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuː/

### Numeral

to
* two

#### Derived terms

* todelt
* todimensjonal
* tofarget
* tomannsbolig
* tospråklig
* toåring

### References

* “to” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* tvo, tvei, tvaug, tvau, tvær, tver, tu, tvu (two, non-standard or Høgnorsk gender-depending)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuː/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse tvá, accusative case of tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

#### Numeral

to
* two

##### Derived terms

* toar
* todelt
* todimensjonal
* tospråkleg
* toåring

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse tó n.

#### Noun

to n (definite singular toet, indefinite plural to, definite plural toa)
* fabric
* (figurative, by extension) ability, nature

### Etymology 3

From Old Norse tó f.

#### Noun

to f (definite singular toa, indefinite plural tør, definite plural tørne)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* “to” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* ot

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.

### Pronoun

to
* nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of ten: it, this, that

#### Descendants

* Czech: to

### References

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “to”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* ti — Northumbrian

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toː/

### Preposition

tō
* to, into
** 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 30‎:Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.
* towards
** late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
    ...ðā beseah hē tō Petre sumere ælmessan wilniġende...Then looked he towards Peter, desiring an alms,...
* at
* (grammar) used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb
    tō drīfenne ― to drive
* as (In the role of)
    iċ wyrċe tō īsensmiðe ― I work as an ironsmith
    þā nam iċ hīe tō wīfe ― then I took her as a wife
    tō bōte ― to boot (literally: as an improvement, thus in addition)
** Blickling Homilies, "The Dedication of St. Michael's Church"
    Englas bēoð tō ðeġnunge gǣstum fram Gode hider on world sended...Angels will be sent by God as spirits of service hither into the world...

### Adverb

tō
* besides
* in addition, also, too; moreover
* to an excessive degree; too
** 10th century, The Wanderer:Ne sċeal nō tō hātheort, · ne tō hrædwyrde, ne tō wāc wiga, · ne tō wanhȳdiġ, ne tō forht, ne tō fæġen, · ne tō feohġīfre, ne nǣfre ġielpes tō ġeorn, · ǣr hē ġeare cunne.Should not be too wrathful, nor too hasty in words, nor too weak warrior, nor too careless, nor too fearful, nor too joyful, nor too eager for money, nor ever too eager of pride, before he would know enough.

#### Descendants

* Middle English: to
** English: to, too
** Geordie English: te, tiv
** Scots: tae

## Old High German
### Preposition

to
* Alternative form of zuo

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to. First attested in the 14th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /tɔ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /tɔ/

### Particle

to
* intensifying particle

### Pronoun

to
* relative and interrogative pronoun; this, that
* possessive pronoun
* indeterminate pronoun; this, that
* introduction pronoun; this

### Conjunction

to
* then (in that case, used in if constructions)
* clarifies a statement; namely
* resultative conjunction; so
* secondary clause equivalent in superordinate clauses

#### Descendants

* Polish: to
* Silesian: to

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “to”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* tuo, thuo, te, ti

### Etymology

Proto-Germanic *tō, whence also Old English ti and Old High German zuo

### Preposition

tō
* to
* as (In the role of)
** 9th c. Heliand, verse 60-64
    Erodes was an Hierusalem oƀer that Judeono folk gikoran te kuninge, sō ina thie kēser thārod, fon Rūmuburg rīki thiodan satta undar that gisīđi.Herodes was chosen as king in Jerusalem over the Jewish nation, so there the emperor, powerful ruler from Rome placed him among the servants.

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: tô
** Low German: to
* ⇒ Old Saxon: tōtō, tōte
** Middle Low German: tôte, tote, tôt, tot

## Plautdietsch
### Preposition

to
* to

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish to. Cognate with Czech to, Russian то (to), Ancient Greek τό (tó), German das, dass, English that.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Audio 3:(file)
* Audio 4:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Syllabification: to

### Conjunction

to
* used to attribute to the known object a characteristic that helps one know more about the topic; may optionally be followed by jest [with nominative]
    Janek to mój brat. ― Janek is my brother.
    Górnicy to jest takie specyficzne społeczeństwo. ― Miners are such a peculiar society.
* used to juxtapose elements that are equivalent
    Chcieć to móc. ― Where there's a will there's a way. (literally, “To want is to be able to.”)
    Ciekawość to pierwszy stopień do piekła. ― Curiosity killed the cat. (literally, “Curiosity is the first step to hell.”)
* used to indicate that the subject of the conversation has peculiarities which are familiar to the interlocutors, so that nothing else needs to be said about it in order to understand the topic
    Nasze straty są minimalne, ale bez śmierci się nie obejdzie. Wojna to wojna. ― Our losses are minimal but some casualties are inevitable. War is war.
    No, ale rozkaz to rozkaz. Nie mnie podważać. ― Well, but an order is an order. Not for me to question.
* in that case, then (used in if-constructions)
    Coordinate term: jeśli
    „Wiem, co chcę zrobić.” „To to zrób”. ― “I know what I want to do.” “Then do it.”
    Jeśli to zrobisz, to daj mi znać. ― If you do this, then let me know.
    „Jeżeli zbuduję sobie kiedyś własny dom, to właśnie taki” – myślałam. ― “If I ever build my own house one day, this is the one,” I thought.

#### Derived terms

* atoli

### Particle

to
* used to indicate what one is talking about
    Parę razy mi się udało. Z jedną to nawet bardzo. ― I have succeeded a couple of times. With one it was even very successful.
* used to indicate what can be said about the topic, in contrast to all that cannot be said about it
    W tych ścianach to ona była królową i musiała mieć królewskie wejście. ― Within these walls, it was her who was the queen and had to have a royal entrance.
* so (used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question, or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic)
    Synonym: a
    No to kiedy zaczynamy? ― So when are we starting?
    OK, to do zobaczenia. ― OK, see you then.
* used to indicate that the topic in the relevant question refers to a known set of elements from which a choice has to be made
    Synonym: też
    Od kiedy to morderstwo jest takim ewenementem? ― Since when is murder such a rarity?
    Komu to przypadło dzisiaj kucharzowanie? ― Who is cooking today?
* used to express surprise that something is indeed like that as the speaker did not think it could really be so
    Synonyms: ale, co za, jaki
    A to zdolniacha z wuja! ― Uncle really is gifted!
    No, tośmy wczoraj mieli niezły bal! ― Well, we had quite a party yesterday!
* (literary) used to indicate that the topic refers to a known object, mentioned in the preceding statement
    O Czechosłowacji po roku 1968 dochodziły do nas ponure wiadomości, dlatego to starałem się przejechać ten kraj jak najszybciej mimo zmęczenia. ― There was grim news about Czechoslovakia after 1968, which is why I tried to cross the country as quickly as possible despite my fatigue.
* (colloquial) used to indicate that what someone has said about the topic is a fait accompli and should no longer be discussed
    Spróbuj zaakceptować jego wady. Nikt nie jest kryształowy. Pali to pali, widziały gały co brały. ― Try to accept his flaws. No one is perfect. OK, he smokes, so what? Big deal, you should've thought about it earlier.

### Pronoun

to n
* this (nearby, neuter)
    Antonym: tamto
    Inna rzecz, że nikt nie zwracał na niego szczególnej uwagi; to go dziwiło. ― The other thing was that no one paid any particular attention to him; this surprised him.
* used to point to the object to which the sentence refers
    Synonym: oto
    Ewa, to Andrzej. ― Ewa, this is Andrzej.

#### Declension
### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), to is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 655 times in scientific texts, 307 times in news, 880 times in essays, 1038 times in fiction, and 2233 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 5113 times, making it the 11th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “to”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 605, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 2

### Further reading

* to in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* to in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* “TO I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 09.07.2008
* “TO II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 09.07.2008
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “to”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “to”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “to”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 72

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tu/
* Hyphenation: to

### Contraction

to (feminine ta)
* Contraction of te o.

## Selepet
### Noun

to
* water

### References

* K. A. McElhanon, Selepet grammar (1972)
* William A. Foley, The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN, page 257

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tôː/

### Pronoun

tȏ (Cyrillic spelling то̑)
* neuter nominative singular of taj
* neuter accusative singular of taj

## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish to.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Syllabification: to

### Pronoun

to n
* this (nearby, neuter)
* used to point to the object to which the sentence refers

### Particle

to
* intensifier particle in questions

### Conjunction

to
* in that case, then (used in if-constructions)

### Further reading

* to in silling.org

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.

### Pronoun

to
* nominative/accusative neuter singular of ten: it, this, that

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tóː/

### Pronoun

tọ̑
* inflection of ta:
** accusative singular feminine
** nominative/accusative singular neuter

## Tocharian B
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰowh₂ōn, from the root *dʰewh₂-.

### Noun

to m
* (detatchable) body hair on the human body (especially pubic hair)

## Tooro
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tòó.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /to/

### Adjective

-to (declinable)
* young
    Synonym: -hyaka (“new”)
    Antonym: -kuru (“old, senior”)

#### Declension
### References

* Entry 7185 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
* Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 373

## Tututni
### Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

### Noun

to
* (Euchre Creek) water

### References

* Victor Golla, Tututni (Oregon Athapaskan), International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 42:3 (July 1976), pages 217-227

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic طَاء (ṭāʔ).

### Noun

to (plural tolar)
* the Arabic letter ط

#### Declension
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Compare Thai โต (dtoo), Lao ໂຕ (tō), Lü ᦷᦎ (ṫo).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [tɔ˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [tɔ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [tɔ˧˧]

### Adjective

to • (蘇, 𡚢, 𫰅, 𡚡)
* big, large
    Antonyms: nhỏ, bé
* great, considerable
* loud

#### Usage notes

* In many situations, this word and lớn are interchangeable:
    nhà to mà chẳng ai ở ― a big house where no one lives in
    căn nhà lớn trên đỉnh đồi ― a big house on top of the hill
* However, for body parts, it seems like only to is used:
    tai to ― big ears

#### See also

* lớn; bự
* phình to
* to bự
* to cồ
* to đùng
* to lớn
* to oạch
* to tác
* to tướng

## Votic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian то (to).

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈto/, [ˈto]
* Rhymes: -o
* Hyphenation: to

### Conjunction

to
* (if ...) then
* or else

### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “to”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *toɣ (“covering”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toː/
* Rhymes: -oː

### Noun

to m (plural toeau or toeon)
* roof
    Synonym: pen tŷ

#### Derived terms

* adar y to (“house sparrows”)
* gwallt to (“combover”)
* rhoi'r ffidil yn y to (“to give up”, literally “to put the fiddle in the roof”)
* to bach (“circumflex”)
* to gwellt (“thatched roof”)
* toi (“to roof, to tile, to thatch”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Yola
### Particle

to
* Alternative form of ta
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:Shoo ya aam zim to doone, as w' be doone nowe;She gave them some to do, as we are doing now;
** 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:A near a haapney to paay a peepeare.Had ne'er a halfpenny to pay the piper.
** 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:Wee aar lhaung vlealès an pikkès, to waaite apan a breede.With their long flails and picks, to wait upon the bride.

### Preposition

to
* Alternative form of ta
** 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:Coome to thee met.Come to thy meat.
** 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:Hea marreet dear Phielim to his sweet Jauane.He married dear Phelim to his sweet Joan.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 31

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tò/

#### Verb

tò
* (transitive) to arrange, to line up
* (transitive) to order, to put things in order
* (intransitive) to become ordered, to become arranged

##### Usage notes

* to before a direct object

##### Derived terms

* atò
* to eegun
* títò (“ordering”)
* ètò (“process”)
* ìtò

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tò/

#### Verb

tò
* (Ekiti, Ondo) to talk incessantly; to gossip
    Synonym: rò
    Ẹjọ́ kúwe é tò ― What are you gossiping about? (literally, “What matter are you talking incessantly about”)

##### Usage notes

* to before a direct object

##### Derived terms

* tojọ́
* ètítò (“word”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tó/

#### Verb

tó
* (intransitive) to be enough, to be worthy, to be sufficient, to amount to
* (intransitive) to be comparable to
    gíga a rẹ̀ẹ́ tó erin ― His tallness is comparable to an elephant

##### Usage notes

* It is a common verb in Yoruba names affirming the worthiness of entities like the orisha. (Ex. Ògúntósìn (“A Yoruba name meaning, "Ogun is worthy of being worshipped."”)).

##### Derived terms

* tó bẹ́ẹ̀
* tóyìí

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tó/

#### Verb

tó
* to reach up to
    ọwọ́ mi kò tó o ― My hand does not reach it
* to be visible, to be comprehensible

## Zazaki
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *túH, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Related to Persian تو (to).

### Pronoun

to
* (informal) you (sg., acc.)