# personal
## English
### Alternative forms

* personall, obsolete

### Etymology

From Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”), equivalent to person +‎ -al. Doublet of personnel.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈpɜː.sə.nəl/, /ˈpɜːs.nəl/
* (US) IPA: /ˈpɜɹ.sə.nəl/, /ˈpɜɹs.nəl/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: per‧son‧al‧,‧perso‧nal, perso‧nal

### Adjective

personal (comparative more personal, superlative most personal)
* Pertaining to persons (human beings as opposed to things or animals).
* Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals
    personal values; personal desire
    Her song was her personal look at the values of friendship.
** 2014 March 3, Zoe Alderton, “‘Snapewives’ and ‘Snapeism’: A Fiction-Based Religion within the Harry Potter Fandom”, in Religions‎, volume 5, number 1, MDPI, →DOI, pages 219–257:Despite personal schisms and differences in spiritual experience, there is a very coherent theology of Snape shared between the wives. To examine this manifestation of religious fandom, I will first discuss the canon scepticism and anti-Rowling sentiment that helps to contextualise the wider belief in Snape as a character who extends beyond book and film.
** 2015 October 27, Matt Preston, The Simple Secrets to Cooking Everything Better‎, Plum, →ISBN, page 192:You could just use ordinary shop-bought kecap manis to marinade the meat, but making your own is easy, has a far more elegant fragrance and is, above all, such a great brag! Flavouring kecap manis is an intensely personal thing, so try this version now and next time cook the sauce down with crushed, split lemongrass and a shredded lime leaf.
* Dealing with subjects about which one wishes (or people usually wish) to maintain privacy or discretion; not for public view; sensitive, intimate.
    personal reasons
    You can't read my diary—it is personal.
    That's a very personal question.
    I can't believe you went through my drawers and looked at all my personal things!
* (euphemistic) Intended for sexual use.
    personal lubricant; personal massager
* Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; bodily.
    personal charms
** 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite. […] Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?
* Done in person; without an intermediary.
    a personal interview
    a personal meeting
    personal settings
** 2011, Bob Nelson, Peter Economy, Consulting For Dummies:Although you miss the nonverbal cues that you pick up in a personal meeting, you can call far more clients in a day than you can meet with in person.
* Relating to an individual, their character, conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner
    personal reflections or remarks
* (grammar) Of a noun or pronoun, having reference particular to humans and other entities having personality such as a named animal, a deity, a personification, etc.
* (grammar) Related to grammatical first, second, etc. persons.
    a personal pronoun
* Denoting ownership.
    one's personal vehicle, as opposed to a company vehicle

#### Usage notes

* Not to be confused with personnel (“employees, staff”).

#### Derived terms

* antipersonal
* bipersonal
* depersonalize, depersonalization
* extrapersonal
* first-personal
* hyperpersonal
* impersonal
* interpersonal
* intrapersonal
* monopersonal
* multipersonal
* nonpersonal
* nothing personal
* overpersonalize
* peripersonal
* personal ad, personal advertisement
* personal area network
* personal assistant
* personal attack, personal attacker
* personal best
* personal brand
* personal capital
* personal column
* personal computer
* personal conduct
* personal covenant
* personal crisis
* personal data
* personal dative
* personal day
* personal defence weapon, personal defence, personal defense weapon
* personal development
* personal digital assistant
* personal effect
* personal equation, absolute p.e.
* personal estate
* personal exception
* personal fiduciary
* personal finance
* personal flotation device
* personal foul
* personal god
* personal goddess
* personal hell
* personal hygiene
* personal identification number
* personal identity
* personal injury
* personalise, personalize
* personalism
* personalist
* personalistic
* personal jurisdiction
* personal law
* personal ledger
* personal life
* personal location beacon, personal location radiobeacon
* personal locator beacon, personal locator radio-beacon
* personal lubricant
* personally
* personal message
* personal mobility device
* personal name
* personal navigant
* personalness
* personal online desktop
* personal ordinariate
* personal organizer
* personal pension
* personal pronoun
* personal property, personal property tax
* personal protective equipment, personal protector
* personal record
* personal rule
* personal security
* personal service
* personal shopper, personal shopping
* Personal Social Health Education
* personal space
* personal stereo
* personal time
* personal trainer, personal training
* personal transaction
* personal transporter
* personalty
* personal union
* personal video recorder
* personal water craft
* personalzine
* polypersonal
* prepersonal
* profersonal
* subpersonal
* superpersonal
* suprapersonal
* telepersonals
* third-personal
* transpersonal
* tripersonal
* ultrapersonal
* unipersonal
* unpersonal
* up close and personal

#### Related terms

* personalia
* personality
* personally
* personnel

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

personal (plural personals)
* (chiefly in the plural) An advertisement by which an individual attempts to meet others with similar interests.
* One's own property or asset
** 1748, Tobias Smollett (translator), Alain-René Lesage (original), The Adventures of Gil Blas of Santillane
    In addition to this, a coarse shirt quite new, a pair of my father's shoes quite old, and, what rejoiced me more than all the rest, a rouleau of twenty rials in a linen rag. Behold the sum total of my personals.
** 1982 April 10, Roosevelt Williamson, “Prison Racism and Legal Slavery in America”, in Gay Community News, page 15:I've had my cell ransacked, savagely searched, and as a result, had my legal papers stolen and destroyed, allong with what little personal clothing and other personals I had.

#### Further reading

* “personal”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* psoralen

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin persōnālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [pər.suˈnal]
* IPA: (Balearic) [pər.soˈnal]
* IPA: (Valencia) [peɾ.soˈnal]

### Adjective

personal m or f (masculine and feminine plural personals)
* personal
    Antonym: impersonal

#### Derived terms

* personalitzar
* personalment
* unipersonal

#### Related terms

* impersonal
* persona
* personalitat

### Further reading

* “personal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “personal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “personal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “personal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from English personal, from Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal
* IPA: /peɾˈsonal/ [peɾ̪ˈs̪o.n̪ɐl̪]

### Adjective

personal
* of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public or general

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:personal.

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin persōnālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛʁzoˈnaːl/
* Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

personal (strong nominative masculine singular personaler, not comparable)
* personal

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “personal” in Duden online
* “personal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English personal, from Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pərˈsonal]
* Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal

### Adjective

pêrsonal
* Synonym of pribadi (“personal”)

#### Related terms

* person
* persona
* personalia
* personalisasi
* personalitas
* personel

### Further reading

* “personal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Adjective

personal (comparative plus personal, superlative le plus personal)
* personal

### Noun

personal (uncountable)
* staff, personnel

## Ladin
### Adjective

personal m (feminine singular personala, masculine plural personai, feminine plural personales)
* personal

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Pseudo-anglicism, derived from personal trainer.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /peʁ.soˈnaw/ [peh.soˈnaʊ̯]
* (Brazil) IPA: /peʁ.soˈnaw/ [peh.soˈnaʊ̯]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /peɾ.soˈnaw/ [peɾ.soˈnaʊ̯]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /peʁ.soˈnaw/ [peχ.soˈnaʊ̯]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /peɻ.soˈnaw/ [peɻ.soˈnaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɨɾ.suˈnal/ [pɨɾ.suˈnaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɨɾ.suˈnal/ [pɨɾ.suˈnaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /pɨɾ.suˈna.li/
* Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal

### Noun

personal m or f by sense (plural personais)
* (Brazil, informal) personal trainer
    Synonyms: PT, personal trainer

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin personalis or German personell or Italian personale or French personnel. By surface analysis, persoană +‎ -al.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /per.soˈnal/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -al
* Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal

### Adjective

personal m or n (feminine singular personală, masculine plural personali, feminine and neuter plural personale)
* personal (relating to the person)
* personal (intimate, not to be shared)

#### Antonyms

* impersonal

#### Derived terms

* pronume personal
* tren personal

### Adverb

personal
* personally

### Noun

personal n (plural personale)
* (collective) staff, members of staff, personnel
* (countable) Short for tren personal (“stopping train”).

#### Declension
### Further reading

* personal in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin persōnālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peɾsoˈnal/ [peɾ.soˈnal]
* Audio (Mexico):(file)
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: per‧so‧nal

### Adjective

personal m or f (masculine and feminine plural personales)
* personal
    Antonym: impersonal

#### Derived terms

* cédula personal
* computadora personal
* defensa personal
* derecho personal
* entrenador personal
* forma no personal
* forma personal
* ordenador personal
* personalismo
* personalmente
* pronombre personal
* unipersonal

### Noun

personal m (plural personales)
* personnel, staff
    profesores y personal ― faculty and staff
    personal militar ― military personnel
    personal de seguridad ― security personnel
    personal sanitario ― health workers, healthcare workers, medical personnel
    personal médico ― medical staff, medical personnel; medical practitioners

### Noun

personal m (uncountable)
* (informal) folks, people, mob, crowd; the masses
** 1993 April 23, Francisco Umbral, “Queremos saber”, in Antena 3:Yo he venido aquí a hablar de mi libro; y no a hablar de lo que opine el personal, que me da lo mismo, porque para eso tengo mi columna y mi opinión diaria.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* antipersonal

#### Related terms

* impersonal
* persona
* personalidad

### Further reading

* “personal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɛʂʊnˈɑːl]

### Noun

personal c
* staff (employees of a business)
    Synonym: arbetskraft

#### Derived terms

* ambassadpersonal
* ambulanspersonal
* apotekspersonal
* butikspersonal
* civilpersonal
* dagispersonal
* dagpersonal
* däckspersonal
* ekonomipersonal
* extrapersonal
* fyrpersonal
* hemtjänstpersonal
* hotellpersonal
* kabinpersonal
* kanslipersonal
* kassapersonal
* kringpersonal
* kökspersonal
* markpersonal
* omsorgspersonal
* personaladministration
* personaladministratör
* personalansvar
* personalansvarig
* personalansvarsnämnd
* personalavdelning
* personalbostad
* personalbrist
* personalchef
* personaldator
* personaldirektör
* personalfest
* personalföreträdare
* personalförstärkning
* personalförsörjning
* personalförteckning
* personalgrupp
* personalingång
* personalinskränkning
* personalintendent
* personalintensiv
* personalkategori
* personalkonferens
* personalkonsulent
* personalkostnad
* personalkrävande
* personalliggare
* personalläkare
* personalmatsal
* personalminskning
* personalmöte
* personalneddragning
* personalnedskärning
* personalnämnd
* personalomsättning
* personaloption
* personalorganisation
* personalplanering
* personalpolitik
* personalpolitisk
* personalpool
* personalproblem
* personalrekrytering
* personalrepresentant
* personalrestaurang
* personalresurs
* personalrum
* personalsekreterare
* personalsidan
* personalsituation
* personalstyrka
* personaltidning
* personaltoalett
* personaltäthet
* personalunion
* personalutbildning
* personaluthyrning
* personalutrymme
* personalutskott
* personalutveckling
* personalvård
* personalvårdsnämnd
* personalärende
* personalökning
* restaurangpersonal
* räddningspersonal
* serveringspersonal
* servicepersonal
* sjukhuspersonal
* sjukvårdspersonal
* skolpersonal
* stampersonal
* städpersonal
* säkerhetspersonal
* tullpersonal
* tågpersonal
* vakpersonal
* vaktpersonal
* vårdpersonal

### Further reading

* personal in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker

### Anagrams

* polarens, polernas

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Each pronunciation has a different source:
* With ultimate stress, borrowed from Spanish personal.
* With antepenultimate stress, borrowed from English personal.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /peɾsoˈnal/ [pɛɾ.soˈn̪al] (Spanish pronunciation)
*** Rhymes: -al
** IPA: /ˈpeɾsonal/ [ˌpɛɾ.soˈn̪al] (English pronunciation)
*** Rhymes: -eɾsonal
* Syllabification: per‧so‧nal

### Adjective

personál or pérsonál (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈᜎ᜔)
* personal

#### Derived terms

* personalan

### Further reading

* “personal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018