# adrenal
## English
### Etymology

From ad- (“near”) +‎ renal (“pertaining to the kidneys”), from Latin rēn (“kidney”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /æˈdɹiːnəl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
    Rhymes: -iːnəl

### Adjective

adrenal (comparative more adrenal, superlative most adrenal)
* Pertaining to the adrenal glands (suprarenal glands), their secretions, or the function derived therefrom.
    Synonym: suprarenal
** 2003, William Gibson, Pattern Recognition (Bigend cycle; book 1), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, page 155:She seems to inhabit some fluid, crystalline medium. Pure adrenal dream.
* Abutting or near the kidneys.
    Antonym: intrarenal
    Hypernym: extrarenal
    Hyponyms: suprarenal, infrarenal
    Near-synonym: perirenal
* This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
** 2025 March 1, Barney Ronay, “Crystal Palace through after Millwall keeper’s red for head-high tackle on Mateta”, in The Guardian‎:[a single outstanding act of violence] […] took place inside the stadium, and in front of the watching millions, as Liam Roberts launched an adrenal, wildly dangerous flying challenge into the head of Jean-Philippe Mateta with five minutes gone.

#### Derived terms

* adrenal artery
* adrenal cortex
* adrenalectomy
* adrenal gland
* adrenalin
* adrenaline
* adrenalism
* adrenalitis
* adrenally
* extraadrenal
* hyperadrenalism
* hypoadrenal
* hypoadrenalism
* hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
* hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
* intraadrenal
* nonadrenal
* periadrenal
* sympathoadrenal

#### Related terms

* postrenal
* prerenal

#### Translations
### Noun

adrenal (plural adrenals)
* An adrenal gland.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Darlena, Ålander, Alander

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /adˈrenal/ [at̪̚ˈre.nal]
* Rhymes: -enal
* Syllabification: ad‧re‧nal

### Noun

adrenal (plural adrenal-adrenal)
* adrenal gland

#### Related terms

* adrenalina
* adrenergik
* adrenokortikal

### Further reading

* “adrenal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* ad-renal

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.dɾeˈnaw/ [a.dɾeˈnaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.dɾɨˈnal/ [ɐ.ðɾɨˈnaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.dɾɨˈnal/ [ɐ.ðɾɨˈnaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.dɾɨˈna.li/ [ɐ.ðɾɨˈna.li]

### Adjective

adrenal m or f (plural adrenais)
* adrenal (near the kidney)
* adrenal (pertaining to adrenal glands)

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin ad- + renal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /adɾeˈnal/ [a.ð̞ɾeˈnal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: a‧dre‧nal

### Adjective

adrenal m or f (masculine and feminine plural adrenales)
* adrenal

#### Derived terms

* glándula adrenal (“adrenal gland”)

#### Related terms

* adrenalina

### Further reading

* “adrenal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish adrenal.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔadɾeˈnal/ [ʔɐ.d̪ɾɛˈn̪al]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: a‧dre‧nal

### Adjective

adrenál (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜎ᜔)
* adrenal

#### Related terms

* adrenalina
* rinyon

### Further reading

* Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 13

## Welsh
### Etymology

Internationalism. Borrowed from English adrenal.

### Adjective

adrenal (feminine singular adrenal, plural adrenal, not comparable)
* adrenal
    Synonym: uwcharennol

#### Derived terms

* cortecs adrenal (“adrenal cortex”)
* chwarren adrenal (“adrenal gland”)

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “adrenal”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “adrenal”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies