# 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷
## Old Uyghur
### Alternative forms

* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽶 (kwykwy /⁠kükü⁠/) (Etymology 4)
* 𐰛𐰈𐰛 (kẅk /⁠kök⁠/) (Etymology 1)
* 𐫞𐫇𐫏𐫐 (qwyk /⁠kök⁠/)
* 𐼸𐼴𐼸 (kwk /⁠kök⁠/) (Etymology 1), 𐼸𐼴𐼸𐼷 (kwky /⁠köki⁠/) (third person singular possessive, Etymology 3)
* ككُاَن (kkẅen /⁠köken⁠/) (kök + -en?, Etymology 1)
* 虹 (kˠʌŋH /⁠köŋ ~ köɣ⁠/) (?, Etymology 1)
* ܟܘܝܟ (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/), ܟܘܝܩ (kwyγ /⁠kög⁠/), ܓܘܝܩ (γwyγ /⁠gög⁠/)
* 𑀓𑁆𑀬𑁄‌𑀓𑁆 (kyo‌k /⁠kök⁠/)

### Etymology 1

By surface analysis, 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kwymʾk /⁠kö-⁠/, “to rise”) +‎ -𐽷 (-k /⁠-k⁠/, “deverbal suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *kȫk (“sky, grue”). Cognate with Karakhanid كُوكْ (kök) and Yakut күөх (küöq).

#### Adjective

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/)
* blue, green
    Synonyms: 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (cʾkyr /⁠čakïr⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yʾš /⁠yaš⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yašïl⁠/)
* grayish blue
    Synonym: 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /⁠boz⁠/)
* dun, sallow, faint, blond
    Synonym: 𐽲𐽶𐽿𐽲𐽰 (qyšqʾ /⁠ḳïšġa⁠/)

#### Noun

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/)
* sky, heavens
    Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽳𐽿𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (ʾʾnwšʾqʾn /⁠anošaġan⁠/), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (tnkry yyr /⁠teŋri yér⁠/), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (tnkrylyk /⁠teŋrilik⁠/), 𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (wštmʾq /⁠uštmaḫ⁠/)
    Antonyms: 𐽺𐽾𐽲 (nrq /⁠naraḳa⁠/), 𐾀𐽹𐽳 (tmw /⁠tamu⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽷 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yʾβlʾk yyr /⁠yavlaḳ yér⁠/)
* (time, rare) night, nighttime, evening
    Synonyms: 𐽷𐽶𐽽𐽰 (kycʾ /⁠kéče⁠/), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽺 (twyn /⁠tün⁠/)

##### Declension
###### Compound terms

* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽱𐽰𐽸𐽳𐽾𐽶 (kwyk βʾdwry /⁠kök vayduri⁠/, “beryl, aquamarine stone”)
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kwyk qʾrʾ /⁠kök ḳara⁠/, “navy, indigo”)
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐽿 (kwyk qʾš /⁠kök ḳaš⁠/, “green jade”)
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 (kwyk qʾlyq /⁠kök ḳalïḳ⁠/, “space, cosmos, atmosphere”)
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (kwyk yʾqyz /⁠kök yaġïz⁠/, “heaven and earth”) (天地 (tiāndì))
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (kwyk pʾqyr /⁠kök baġïr⁠/, “spleen”)
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (kwyk rzʾβrt /⁠kök ražavart⁠/, “lazuli”)

###### Derived terms

* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽸𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kwykʾdtwrmʾk /⁠kökedtürmek⁠/, “to praise”, literally “to make ascend to heavens”)
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kwykʾdlmʾk /⁠kökedilmek⁠/, “to ascend to heavens”)
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kwykʾrmʾk /⁠kökermek⁠/, “to turn blue, to bluen”)
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽽𐽷𐽰𐽺 (kwykwrckʾn /⁠kögürčgän⁠/, “dove, wood pigeon”)
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /⁠köküš⁠/, “dark blue, indigo”)
* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽺 (kwykmʾn /⁠kökmen⁠/, “silver”)

###### Descendants

* Western Yugur: kyk (kük, “blue”)

### Etymology 2

Derived from Proto-Turkic *kök (“seam”). Cognate with Chuvash кӑкӑр (kăk̬ăr, “to stitch”), Tuvan көктээр (kökteer, “file, filed papers”) and Kumyk көкле (“to tack”) (tran.).

#### Noun

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/)
* (anatomy, zootomy) thin film, membrane
    𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 ― kwyzdʾky kwyk /közdeki kök/ ― veil in the eye
* (sewing, rare) stitch

##### Derived terms

* 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kwyklʾmʾk /⁠köklemek⁠/, “to stitch, to bind”)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kök (“root”).

#### Noun

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/)
* (botany, rare) root
    Synonym: 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽼 (twyp /⁠tüp⁠/)
    𐽱𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽰 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳βyrynʾ kwykw/viréna kökü/roots of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides)
* (philosophy, religion, rare) essence
    Synonyms: 𐽼𐽳𐽺 (pwn /⁠bun, pun⁠/), 𐽹𐽳𐾁 (mwl /⁠mul⁠/), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽴 (twyz /⁠töz⁠/), 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽴 (yyltyz /⁠yïltïz⁠/)

##### Declension
### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 罟罟 (kɔX-kɔX, “a title for Mongol noblewomen”), from Middle Mongol 罟罟 (gugu, “id.”).

#### Noun

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kökü /kwyk/)
* (clothing, rare) a kind of headgear worn by Mongol women

### See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (pwdwq /⁠boduġ⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /⁠öŋ⁠/) (layout · text) :
| 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /⁠aḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /⁠yürüŋ⁠/) | 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /⁠boz⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/) | 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/) |
| 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /⁠al⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /⁠ḳïzïl⁠/) | 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /⁠ar⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /⁠yaġïz⁠/) | 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /⁠sarïġ⁠/), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴 (krʾz /⁠ḳaraža⁠/) |
| | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yʾš /⁠yaš⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yašïl⁠/) | |
| 𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /⁠čač⁠/) | 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (cʾkyr /⁠čaḳïr⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /⁠köküš⁠/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /⁠razavart⁠/) |
| 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /⁠yipgin⁠/) | | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /⁠ḳïzġan⁠/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /⁠sazġan⁠/) |

### References

* Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “kök”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 114
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(1) kök, (2) kök, (3) kök, (4) kö:k (g-)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 708, 709
* Hamilton, James (2020) “kök, KYWK”, in Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, pages 198, 199
* Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kök”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1), (2), (3), (5), (6), (8) kök”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 400, 401