# muka
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Maori.

### Noun

muka (uncountable)
* Prepared fibre of harakeke, used in traditional Maori weaving.

### Anagrams

* Mauk, akum

## Czech
### Alternative forms

* muky f pl

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmuka]

### Noun

muka n pl
* (literary) agony, torment, ordeal

#### Related terms

* mučit

### Further reading

* “muka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “muka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “muka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *muka, probably equivalent to muu (“other, else”) +‎ -ka. Akin to Karelian muka, Livvi muga and Veps muga.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmukɑ/, [ˈmukɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ukɑ
* Hyphenation: mu‧ka

### Adverb

muka (not comparable)
* supposedly, allegedly, as if (used to express that what follows is doubtful or untrue)
    Synonyms: mukamas, (dialectal) mukamasten, mukamasti
    Miten voi kalliimpi olla aina muka jotenkin parempi?How can more expensive supposedly always be somehow better?
    Oletko sinä muka purjehtinut Atlantin yli?Do you claim you have sailed across the Atlantic?
* (in compounds) pseudo-

#### Derived terms

* mukaantua
* mukatiede

#### See also

* muukalainen
* väitetysti

### Further reading

* “muka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* kamu, maku

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay muka, from Sanskrit मुख (mukha).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈmuka/ [ˈmu.ka]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uka
* Syllabification: mu‧ka

### Noun

muka (plural muka-muka)
* face
    Synonym: wajah
** the front part of the head, featuring the eyes, nose, and mouth and the surrounding area
** the public image; outward appearance
** the frontal aspect of something
* act, façade, front, persona, show: an intentional and false impression of oneself
* person
* typeface
    Synonym: pagina
* previous event

#### Derived terms

* bermuka
* bermuka-muka
* bersemuka
* dikemuka
* dikemukakan
* mengemuka
* mengemukakan
* menyemukakan
* muka-muka
* pemuka
* pengemuka
* pengemukaan
* permukaan
* semuka
* terkemuka
* muka air tanah
* muka badak
* muka bantal
* muka berbakat
* muka berkilat
* muka datar
* muka fron
* muka kain
* muka kecut
* muka manis
* muka masam
* muka papan
* muka sabak
* muka stik
* muka tebal
* muka tembem

#### See also

* hadap

### Further reading

* “muka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

muka
* Romanization of ꦩꦸꦏ.

## Kaurna
### Noun

muka
* egg
* anything of oval or round shape

#### See also

* yarla-muka (“calf muscle”)
* muka-muka (“the brain”)
* kardlumuka (“scrotum, testes”)
* kuntumuka (“the male breast”)
* ngarrumuka (“scrotum, testes, brain”)

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mǫka; cognate with Upper Sorbian muka, Polish mąka, Czech mouka, Russian мука́ (muká), Old Church Slavonic мѫка (mǫka).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmuka]

### Noun

muka f (diminutive mucka)
* flour (powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains)

#### Declension
## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (mukha). Displaced earlier muha regular reflex of Proto-Malayic *muha (“face; front”); and dahi (now meaning “forehead”) from Proto-Malayic *dahi from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqih from Proto-Austronesian *daqiS (“forehead; face”).

### Pronunciation

* (Baku) IPA: /ˈmuka/ [ˈmu.ka]
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: /ˈmukə/ [ˈmu.kə]
* Rhymes: -uka, -ka, -a
* Hyphenation: mu‧ka

### Noun

muka (Jawi spelling موک, plural muka-muka, informal 1st possessive mukaku, 2nd possessive mukamu, 3rd possessive mukanya)
* (anatomy) face
    Synonym: wajah
* front, facade
    Synonym: depan
* surface, flat or exposed overside
    Synonym: permukaan

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pemuka [passive / name of profession] (pe-)
* bermuka [stative / habitual] (beR-)
* muka-muka [reduplication] (redup)
* bermuka-muka [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)
* semuka [immediacy / habitual] (se-)
* menyemukakan [immediacy / habitual + agent focus + causative benefactive] (se- + meN- + -kan)
* bersemuka [immediacy / habitual + stative / habitual] (se- + beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* ke muka
* kemukakan
* kemukai
* mengemukakan
* mengemukai
* terkemuka
* pengemukaan
* permukaan
* berpermukaan
* air muka
* muka surat

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: muka
* → Urak Lawoi': มูคา (mukha)

### References

* ↑ Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1994, →ISBN, page 120
* ↑ Hoogervorst, Tom G. (2023) “Traces of Contact in the Lexicon”, in Lexical Influence from South Asia‎, Brill, →ISBN, page 39
* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “موك moeka”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 137
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “موک muka”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 663
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “muka”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 150

### Further reading

* “muka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mambae
### Noun

muka
* banana

## Mwani
### Noun

muka class 1 (plural waka)
* wife

#### Coordinate terms

* nlume

#### Derived terms

* mwanamuka

## Oromo
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

muka
* tree

## Phuthi
### Verb

-múka
* to leave, to depart

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Rayón Zoque
### Noun

muka
* mushroom

### References

* Harrison, Roy, B. de Harrison, Margaret, López Juárez, Francisco, Ordoñes, Cosme (1984) Vocabulario zoque de Rayón (Serie de diccionarios y vocabularios indígenas Mariano Silva y Aceves; 28)‎ (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 18

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“torture, torment”), Cognates include Czech muka.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mûka/
* Hyphenation: mu‧ka

#### Noun

mȕka f (Cyrillic spelling му̏ка)
* pain
* torment
* nausea
* trouble

##### Derived terms

* bez muke nema nauke
* mučnina

#### Further reading

* “muka”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“flour”), Cognates include Czech mouka.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mǔːka/
* Hyphenation: mu‧ka

#### Noun

múka f (Cyrillic spelling му́ка)
* (regional) flour
    Synonym: brašno

##### Declension
## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmuka]

### Noun

muka f
* torture
* excruciating pain

#### Usage notes

Almost exclusively used in the plural; the singular form is used mostly in poetry.

#### Derived terms

* mučiť

### Further reading

* “muka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Tarifit
### Alternative forms

* tmuka

### Etymology

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic موكة (mūka, “owl”), from Berber origin.

### Noun

muka f (Tifinagh spelling ⵎⵓⴽⴰ, plural mukat)
* owl

## Zulu
### Verb

-múka
* (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of -emuka

#### Inflection
### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “muka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “muka (3.9)”