OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# zamioculcas
## English

* This entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration. Please try to find a suitable image on Wikimedia Commons or upload one there yourself!

### Etymology

From the genus name, Zamioculcas

### Noun

zamioculcas
* An emerald palm (Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Araceae)), native to east Africa, grown as a houseplant.
** 2015, Nathan Williams, The Kinfolk Home: Interiors for Slow Living, Artisan Books, →ISBN, page 277:north-facing rooms: These rooms receive the least light if you live up north, so choose plants that can endure low-light conditions and keep them directly on the windowsill. Some suggestions include pothos, philodendrons, arrowheads, Chinese evergreens, peace lilies and zamioculcas (or “ZZ”).

### References

* Zamioculcas zamiifolia on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Zamioculcas zamiifolia on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Zamioculcas zamiifolia on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* “zamioculcas”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

## French
### Noun

zamioculcas m (plural zamioculcas)
* zamioculcas
# manja
## English
### Alternative forms

* manjha

### Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi मांजा (māñjā).

### Noun

manja (plural manjas)
* A glass-coated string attached to a kite, used to cut the strings of other kites in kite fighting.
** 2008, Bapsi Sidhwa, The Pakistani Bride‎, Milkweed Editions, →ISBN, page 54:In spring when the sky was dotted with paper kites, the young men and boys allowed the girls to hold the manja, kite string made abrasive with finely crushed glass.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* manja (string) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Chichewa
### Noun

manja class 6
* plural of dzanja

## Dama (Sierra Leone)
### Etymology

Cognate with Vai [script needed] (manja).

### Noun

manja
* chief

### References

* Dalby, T. D. P. (1963) “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54

## Dutch
### Etymology

Ultimately from Malay mangga. Cf. Sranan Tongo manya. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɑn.jaː/
* Hyphenation: man‧ja

### Noun

manja c (plural manja's)
* (Suriname, Antilles) mango
    Synonyms: manga, mango
* (Suriname, Antilles) mango tree, Mangifera indica

#### Derived terms

* manjaboom

## Hausa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mán.(d)ʒà/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [mán.d͡ʒə̀]

### Noun

manjà m (plural manjōjī, possessed form manjàn)
* Alternative form of manjò

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay manja, ultimately from Sanskrit [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈmand͡ʒa/ [ˈman.d͡ʒa]
* Rhymes: -and͡ʒa
* Syllabification: man‧ja

### Adjective

manja
* friendly
* pampered; spoiled

#### Derived terms

* memanjakan

### Further reading

* “manja” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɐ̃.ʒɐ/
* Rhymes: -ɐ̃ʒɐ
* Hyphenation: man‧ja

### Verb

manja
* inflection of manjar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Warlpiri
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaɲ.ca/, [ˈmɐɲ.ɟa], [-ɟ͡ʑa]

### Noun

manja
* mulga tree
# Madagaszkári Köztársaság
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Madagaszkár (“Madagascar”) +‎ -i (adjective-forming suffix) +‎ köztársaság (“republic”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmɒdɒɡɒskaːrikøstaːrʃɒʃaːɡ]

### Proper noun

Madagaszkári Köztársaság
* Republic of Madagascar (a country in Africa, official name of Madagascar)
    Synonym: Madagaszkár

#### Derived terms

* madagaszkári köztársasági
# liëren
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French lier.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

liëren
* (transitive) to link, associate

#### Usage notes

* The past participle gelieerd is today by far the most commonly encountered form of this verb.

#### Related terms

* alliantie
* alliëren
* liaison
# frasal
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From frase +‎ -al.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /fɾaˈzaw/ [fɾaˈzaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɾɐˈzal/ [fɾɐˈzaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /fɾɐˈzal/ [fɾɐˈzaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /fɾɐˈza.li/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -aw, (Portugal) -al
* Hyphenation: fra‧sal

### Adjective

frasal m or f (plural frasais)
* (grammar) of or relating to sentences
* (grammar, Portugal) of or relating to clauses

### Further reading

* “frasal”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “frasal”, in Dicio – Dicionário Online de Português (in Portuguese), Porto: 7Graus, 2009–2025
* “frasal”, in Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisboa: Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, 2001–2025
* “frasal”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “frasal”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “frasal”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# akunneq
## Greenlandic
### Pronunciation

* (Nuuk) IPA: /akunniq/, [a.kʊn.nɜq]

### Noun

akunneq (plural akunnerit)
* hour
** 2001 Louise Richter, for the Greenlandic Directorate of Culture, Education, Research and Ecclesiastical Affairs/Inerisaavik: "Kisitsineq/matematikki: Misilitsinnerit, naliliineq, atuartitsineq", p. 54
    AKUNNERIT SEQINNERFIUSUTsunny hours
* gap
* middle piece

#### Declension
### References

* akunneq in Katersat
* “akunneq“ in iserasuaat.gl
# uznamun
## Old High German
### Verb

ūȥnāmun
* third-person plural preterite indicative of ūȥnëman
# mantul
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Blend of mantap +‎ betul

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmantʊl/
* Hyphenation: man‧tul

### Adjective

mantul
* (slang) extraordinary: remarkably good

### Further reading

* “mantul” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# 秈米
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiānmǐ
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ ㄇㄧˇ
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): xuènmǐ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sin$^1$ mai$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$shi-mi$_6$ / $^1$sie-mi$_6$ / $^1$sie-$^6$mi$_3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiānmǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ ㄇㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sianmǐ
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^1$-mi$^3$
*** Yale: syān-mǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianmii
*** Palladius: сяньми (sjanʹmi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: xuènmǐ
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): xuen$^1$ mi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyẽ³¹ mi¹¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sin$^1$ mai$^5$
*** Yale: sīn máih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sin$^1$ mai$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xin$^1$ mei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːn⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shi-mi$_6$
*** MiniDict: shi$^平$ mi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xi-mi$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi⁵⁵ mi²¹/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$sie-mi$_6$
*** MiniDict: sie$^平$ mi$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sɪ⁴⁴ mi/
** (Northern: Changzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$sie-$^6$mi$_3$
*** MiniDict: sie$^平$ 'mi$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /sɪ⁵⁵ mi/

### Noun

秈米
* polished indica rice

#### Synonyms

* 機米／机米 (jīmǐ)
# girati
## Italian
### Adjective

girati m
* masculine plural of girato

### Verb

girati
* masculine plural past participle of girare
* second-person singular imperative of girarsi

### Anagrams

* rigati

## Old High German
### Etymology

From gi- +‎ rāt (“advice, council”) +‎ -i. Compare gibirgi. Related to modern German Rat.

### Noun

girāti n
* advice
* consultation

#### Descendants

* German: Gerät
# uznamumes
## Old High German
### Verb

ūȥnāmumēs
* Alternative form of ūȥnāmum
# markas
## Esperanto
### Verb

markas
* present of marki

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay markas, from Arabic مَرْكَز (markaz).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmar.kas/
* Rhymes: -kas, -as, -s
* Hyphenation: mar‧kas

### Noun

markas (plural markas-markas)
* (military, law enforcement) base, headquarter

#### Derived terms

* bermarkas
* markas besar
* markas polisi
* markas tentara

### References

* ↑ Erwina Burhanuddin, Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan, R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “markas” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# common man
## English
### Noun

common man (plural common men)
* A average citizen, in contrast to the social, political or cultural elite.
** 1971, Nevada State AFL-CIO, Proceedings, volume 15, page 98:While the common man is holding the brunt of the taxes, there are groups, special-interest groups, that are getting off with paying none.

#### Translations
### See also

* populism
* everyman
* John Doe
* Jane Doe
* John Q. Public
# Mozambiki Köztársaság
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Mozambik (“Mozambique”) +‎ -i (adjective-forming suffix) +‎ köztársaság (“republic”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmozɒmbiki ˌkøstaːrʃɒʃaːɡ]

### Proper noun

Mozambiki Köztársaság
* Republic of Mozambique (a country in Africa, official name of Mozambique)
    Synonym: Mozambik

#### Derived terms

* mozambiki köztársasági
# máscara
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* mázcara

### Etymology

Attested since circa 1800. Ultimately from Italian maschera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaskaɾa/ [ˈmas̺.kɑ.ɾɐ]
* Rhymes: -askaɾa
* Hyphenation: más‧ca‧ra

### Noun

máscara f (plural máscaras)
* mask (a cover for disguise)
    Synonyms: carantoña, liborio, carauta, farricoque, marafón, caroza
* mask (a person wearing a mask)
    Synonyms: carantoña, felo, cigarrón, murrieiro, choqueiro, peliqueiro, céntulo, faleiro, farrancañeiro, avello, botarga, albardeiro, farrampois
* mask (a cover for protection)
    Synonyms: careta, carauta

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “máscara”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “máscara”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “máscara”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Italian maschera (“mask, disguise”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈmas.ka.ɾɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈmas.ka.ɾɐ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈmaʃ.ka.ɾɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈmas.ka.ɾa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈmaʃ.kɐ.ɾɐ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -askaɾɐ, (Portugal) -aʃkɐɾɐ
* Hyphenation: más‧ca‧ra

### Noun

máscara f (plural máscaras)
* mask (a cover, or partial cover, for the face)
* mask (that which disguises; a pretext or subterfuge)

#### Derived terms

* deixar a máscara cair
* máscara de gás
* máscara mortuária
* mascarão
* mascarar

#### Descendants

* → Tetum: máskara

#### Usage notes

* Máscara is a false friend, and does not mean mascara. Portuguese equivalents are shown in the "Translations" section of the English entry mascara.

### Further reading

* “máscara”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “máscara”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian maschera.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaskaɾa/ [ˈmas.ka.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -askaɾa
* Syllabification: más‧ca‧ra

### Noun

máscara f (plural máscaras)
* mask

#### Usage notes

* Máscara is a false friend, and does not mean mascara. The Spanish word for mascara is rímel. Though sometimes in Latin America, máscara de pestañas is used for “mascara”.

#### Hyponyms

* antifaz

#### Derived terms

* baile de máscaras
* enmascarar
* máscara antigás
* máscara de pestañas (“mascara”) (Latin America)
* máscara fotográfica
* mascarón

#### Descendants

* → Polish: maszkara

### Further reading

* “máscara”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# common man
## English
### Noun

common man (plural common men)
* An average citizen, in contrast to the social, political or cultural elite.
** 1971, Nevada State AFL-CIO, Proceedings, volume 15, page 98:While the common man is holding the brunt of the taxes, there are groups, special-interest groups, that are getting off with paying none.

#### Translations
### See also

* populism
* everyman
* John Doe
* Jane Doe
* John Q. Public
# тош
## Komi-Permyak
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *töš, from Proto-Finno-Permic *teškä. Cognates include Finnish tähkä and Udmurt туш (tuš).

### Noun

тош • (toš)
* beard

## Komi-Zyrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *töš, from Proto-Finno-Permic *teškä. Cognates include Finnish tähkä and Udmurt туш (tuš).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtoʃ/, [ˈto̞ʃ̺]
* Hyphenation: тош

### Noun

тош • (toš)
* beard

#### Declension

Possessive declension of тош :

### References

* Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 32
* L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 645

## Northern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *toŋ-. Cognate to Tuvan дош (doş), Tofa тоъш (toʺš), etc.

### Noun

тош • (toš)
* ice

### See Also

* бус (bus), пус (pus)

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, editor (1985), “тош”, in Severnyje Dialekty Altajskovo( Ojrotskovo) Jazyka- Dialekt Lebedinskix Tatar-čalkancev(kuu-kiži) [Northern Altai language-Dialect of Chelkan], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoj literatury, →ISBN, page 209
# mascarar
## Occitan
### Etymology

From mascara +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

mascarar
* to put makeup on; to make oneself up

#### Conjugation
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From máscara (“mask”) +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /mas.kaˈɾa(ʁ)/ [mas.kaˈɾa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /mas.kaˈɾa(ʁ)/ [mas.kaˈɾa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /mas.kaˈɾa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /maʃ.kaˈɾa(ʁ)/ [maʃ.kaˈɾa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /mas.kaˈɾa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /mɐʃ.kɐˈɾaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /mɐʃ.kɐˈɾaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /mɐʃ.kɐˈɾa.ɾi/
* Homophone: mascará (Brazil)
* Hyphenation: mas‧ca‧rar

### Verb

mascarar (first-person singular present mascaro, first-person singular preterite mascarei, past participle mascarado)
* to cover someone’s face with a mask
    Antonym: desmascarar
* (figurative) to disguise (to prevent giving away or revealing a secret aspect of something)
    Synonyms: camuflar, esconder
    Antonyms: desmascarar, revelar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* desmascarar
* mascarado
* mascaragem
* mascaramento

### Further reading

* “mascarar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “mascarar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
# tilbagegang
## Danish
### Etymology

Compound of tilbage +‎ gang.

### Noun

tilbagegang c (singular definite tilbagegangen, plural indefinite tilbagegange)
* decline, decrease
    Synonym: nedgang
    Antonym: fremgang
** (by extension) deterioration

### References

* “tilbagegang” in Den Danske Ordbog
# masa tenggang
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of masa (“period”) +‎ tenggang, calque of English grace period.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmasa təŋˈɡaŋ/

### Noun

masa tenggang (uncountable)
* grace period: a length of time during which rules or penalties are waived or deferred
    Synonym: tarikh luput

### Further reading

* “masa tenggang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# cân
## Romagnol
### Noun

cân m (plural chén) (Ville Unite)
* dog

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [kən˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [kəŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kəŋ˧˧]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斤 (“catty”).

#### Noun

cân
* (colloquial) kilogram
    cân nặng ― weight
    nặng cân ― heavy; formidable

##### Synonyms

* kí; kí lô

#### Noun

(classifier cái, chiếc, cán) cân
* a weighing instrument; a balance, scale, etc.
    cán cân công lí ― the scales of justice

#### Verb

cân
* to weigh
    cân đo đong đếm ― to weigh, measure, put in measuring cups, count; to perform exhaustive measurement
    cân nhắc ― to weigh one's options

#### Adjective

cân
* in some kind of balance or equilibrium
    tam giác cân ― an isosceles triangle
    cân đối ― in shape and healthy

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *gəl ~ *kəl. Cognate with Muong câl, cấl, Kha Phong kɨl². Related to cấn (cấy).
Various words with similar shape that have the meaning of "to fell trees" occur in many Austroasiatic branches, including Semai kòl, Temiar kel, Proto-Bahnaric *kal (whence Koho köl) and Proto-Katuic *kəl (whence Pacoh câl); all could be contributed to *kuəl ~ *kəl (“to cut down, fell”), which might be related to the root above. Alternatively, compare Proto-Khmuic *tŋkəl (“stump”) (whence Khmu [Cuang] tŋkɨl), Khmer គល់ (kŭəl), Mon ဓဂဵု.

#### Alternative forms

* (Northern Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) cây
* (Nam Ngãi) cai

#### Noun

(classifier cấy) cân • (核,荄,𣘃)
* a plant with a hard trunk or stem, such as a woody tree or bamboo, as opposed to cỏ (“(soft-stemmed) grass”)
* (by extension) a plant (including trees and grasses), or more rarely, a mushroom
* (colloquial) Short for cân số (“kilometre/kimometer”).
    Dù kéc quê hương ngàn cân nhưng dẩn chự tiếng.Although thousands of kilometers away from home, still keep the language.

##### See also

* thực vật; thụ
* cân cỏ
* cân cối
* cân số
* trấy cân
* xeng lá cân

#### Classifier

cân • (核,荄,𣘃)
* Indicates plants
* Indicates stick/rod-like objects
    Synonym: thanh
* (music) Indicates string instruments and some other types of musical instruments

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

cân
* to take on multiple opponents at once and defeat them all

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaːn/
* Rhymes: -aːn

### Etymology 1

Deverbal of canu (“sing”)

#### Noun

cân f (plural caneuon)
* song

##### Related terms

* Cân y Caniadau (“the Song of Songs”)
* canwr (“singer”)

#### Verb

cân
* (literary) inflection of canu:
** third-person singular present indicative/future
** second-person singular imperative

##### Alternative forms

* cana (literary third-person singular present/future, second-person singular imperative)
* caniff (colloquial third-person singular present/future)
* canith (colloquial third-person singular present/future)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

cân
* third-person plural present indicative/future colloquial of cael

##### Alternative forms

* cânt (literary)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# habari
## Swahili
### Etymology

From Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hɑˈɓɑ.ɾi/
* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

habari class IX (plural habari class X)
* news

#### Derived terms

* -habarisha
* habari feki (“fake news”)
* habari gani?
* habari yako?
* habari ya asubuhi? (good morning)
* habari za jioni? (good evening)

### References

* ↑ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86 Nr. 762
* ↑ Broomfield, G. W. (1931) “The Re-Bantuization of the Swahili Language”, in Africa‎, volume 4, number 1, →DOI, page 78 of 77-85:Moreover, the orthography finally adopted was, with two exceptions, that which for very many years had been in use by the Universities' Mission to Central Africa. The exceptions referred to (the elimination of 'double' consonants, e.g. hata not hatta; and the disuse of kh, e.g. habari not khabari) were made at the suggestion of the official (i.e. Government) representative in order to avoid unnecessary Arabisms.
# havegang
## Danish
### Etymology

Compound of have +‎ gang.

### Noun

havegang c (singular definite havegangen, plural indefinite havegange)
* a garden path
    Synonym: havesti

### References

* “havegang” in Den Danske Ordbog
# かづら
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of かづら – see the following entry. :
| 【葛かずら】S | [noun] creepers or creeping plants [noun] (architecture) the level material on to which the foundations of a structure are lain [noun] the hoop of a barrel or other cylindrical object [noun] a type of fishing net Alternative spelling 蔓 |
(This term, かづら (kadura), is a historical kana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as かづら, see Category:Japanese kanji read as かづら.) :
# masam
## Acehnese
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-qalesem (“sour”).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /masam/

### Adjective

masam
* (taste) sour

## Eastern Durango Nahuatl
### Noun

masam
* plural of masat

## Iban
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-qalesem (“sour”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmasam]
* Hyphenation: ma‧sam
* Rhymes: -asam

### Adjective

masam
* sour

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay masam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-qaləsəm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmasam/
* Hyphenation: ma‧sam
* Rhymes: -am

### Adjective

masam (superlative termasam)
* having a sour, acid, acidic, sharp or tangy taste
    Synonym: asam
* (figurative) sourfaced
    Synonyms: asam, cemberut
    Antonyms: cerah, ramah

#### Alternative forms

* asam (Standard Indonesian)
* masam (Johor-Riau)

#### Derived terms

* kemasam-masaman
* memasam

### Further reading

* “masam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Lacandon
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

masam
* acocil (Cambarellus montezumae)

### References

* Baer, Phillip, Baer, Mary, Chan Kꞌin, Manuel, Chan Kꞌin, Antonio (2018) Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 51)‎ (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 139

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-qalesem (“sour”).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -am

### Adjective

masam (Jawi spelling ماسم)
* sour

#### Alternative forms

* asam: nonstandard Malay, standard Indonesian

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [maˈsam]

### Verb

masam
* first-person singular/plural imperfect indicative of masa

## Turkish
### Noun

masam
* first-person singular possessive of masa