# bias
## English
### Etymology

c. 1520 in the sense "oblique line". As a technical term in the game of bowls c. 1560, whence the figurative use (c. 1570).
From Middle French biais, adverbially ("sideways, askance, against the grain") c. 1250, as a noun ("oblique angle, slant") from the late 16th century. The French word is likely from Old Occitan biais, itself of obscure origin, most likely from Vulgar Latin *biaxius (“with two axes”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbaɪəs/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Indic) IPA: /ˈbajas/, (spelling pronunciation) /baˈjæs/
* Rhymes: -aɪəs

### Noun

bias (countable and uncountable, plural biases or biasses)
* (countable, uncountable) Inclination towards something.
    Synonyms: predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference, predilection
** 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 4, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book I, page 12:Morality […] give[s] a bias to all their [men's] actions.
** 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 4:nature has pointed out a mixed kind of life as most suitable to the human race, and secretly admonished them to allow none of these biasses to draw too much
** 2020 December 3, Cade Metz, Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Researcher Says She Was Fired Over Paper Highlighting Bias in A.I.”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:Researchers worry that the people who are building artificial intelligence systems may be building their own biases into the technology.
** 2023 March 8, Gareth Dennis, “The Reshaping of things to come...”, in RAIL, number 978, page 49:Reshaping [of British Railways] was far from perfect. It was tainted by statistical overreach, the unconscious biases of its author, and by the political demands being placed upon the BRB by government.
* (countable, textiles) The diagonal line between warp and weft in a woven fabric.
* (countable, textiles) A wedge-shaped piece of cloth taken out of a garment (such as the waist of a dress) to diminish its circumference.
* (electronics) A voltage or current applied to an electronic device, such as a transistor electrode, to move its operating point to a desired part of its transfer function.
* (statistics) The difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.
* (sports) In the games of crown green bowls and lawn bowls: a weight added to one side of a bowl so that as it rolls, it will follow a curved rather than a straight path; the oblique line followed by such a bowl; the lopsided shape or structure of such a bowl. In lawn bowls, the curved course is caused only by the shape of the bowl. The use of weights is prohibited.[from 1560s]
** 1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:there is a concealed bias within the spheroid
* (South Korean idol fandom) A person's favourite member of a K-pop band.
    Hypernym: fave
    Coordinate term: ult
** 2015, "Top 10 Tips For Travelling To Korea", UKP Magazine, Winter 2015, page 37:
    The last thing you want is for your camera to die when you finally get that selca with your bias.
** 2019, Katy Sprinkel, The Big Book of BTS: The Deluxe Unofficial Bangtan Book, unnumbered page:Sweet, sensitive, and impossibly sassy, V is many fans' bias, and an integral member of the group.
** 2019 May 7, Joelle Weatherford, “Can't stop the K-Pop train”, in The Eagle, Northeast Texas Community College, page 8:One in particular, Minho, really caught my eye. He became what is called my bias or favorite member.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:bias.

#### Derived terms

* antibias
* attrition bias
* automation bias
* availability bias
* biasable
* bias binding
* bias distortion
* biasness
* bias-ply
* bias-robust
* bias tape
* biaswise
* brake bias
* Chebyshev's bias
* cognitive bias
* confirmation bias
* debias
* Dunning-Kruger bias
* forward bias
* gender bias
* healthy user bias
* healthy worker bias
* Malmquist bias
* metabias
* myside bias
* negativity bias
* nonbias
* normalcy bias
* normality bias
* on the bias
* overbias
* part-whole bias
* publication bias
* rebias
* recency bias
* round number bias
* selection bias
* survival bias
* survivor bias
* survivorship bias
* unbias
* windshield bias

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

bias (third-person singular simple present biases or biasses, present participle biasing or biassing, simple past and past participle biased or biassed)
* (transitive) To place bias upon; to influence.
    Our prejudices bias our views.
** 1963 June, “News and Comment: Le Plan Beeching”, in Modern Railways, page 364:No doubt they overlook the L.M.R.'s allegedly faulty financial estimates for the Euston-Liverpool/Manchester scheme, which have biassed the Treasury, and perhaps the open-minded Dr. Beeching, against electrification without renewed examination of projects.
* (electronics) To give a bias to.
** 2002, H. Dijkstra, J. Libby, Overview of silicon detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 494, 86–93, p. 87.
    On the ohmic side n$^+$ is implanted to provide the ohmic contact to bias the detector.

#### Translations
### Adjective

bias (comparative more bias, superlative most bias)
* Inclined to one side; swelled on one side.
    Synonym: biased
** c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC,:Thou, trumpet, there’s my purſe; / Now cracke thy lungs, and ſplit thy braſen pipe: / Blow, villaine, till thy ſphered Bias cheeke / Out-ſwell the collicke of puft Aquilon: / Come, ſtretch thy cheſt, and let thy eyes ſpout bloud: / Thou bloweſt for Hector.
* Cut slanting or diagonally, as cloth.

#### Translations
### Adverb

bias (not comparable)
* In a slanting manner; crosswise; obliquely; diagonally.
    to cut cloth bias

#### Translations
### Further reading

* bias on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* ABIs, AIBs, IABs, IBSA, bais, basi-, isba

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch bias or Inherited from Malay bias, both Borrowed from English bias, from French biais.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbi.as]
* Rhymes: -kaŋ, -as, -s
* Hyphenation: bi‧as

### Noun

bias (plural bias-bias)
* bias,
** inclination towards something; predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference, predilection.
** (statistics) the difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.
** (acoustics, optics) the turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.
** (colloquial) a person's favourite member of an idol group, such as K-pop band.

#### Derived terms

* dibias
* dibiaskan
* membias
* membiaskan
* pembiasan
* terbias
* terbiaskan
* bias atensi
* bias atribusi benci
* bias Berkson
* bias efikasi diri
* bias gender
* bias informasi
* bias kognitif
* bias komitmen
* bias optimisme
* bias publikasi
* bias seleksi
* bias subjek
* bias swalayan

### Further reading

* “bias” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

Related to tempias. Sense of inclination from phono-semantic matching of English bias from French biais.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbi.as]
* Rhymes: -as, -s
* Hyphenation: bi‧as

### Verb

bias (Jawi spelling بياس)
* to be drifted by the wind
* to divert, to deflect, to go off course
* (physics) to refract

### Noun

bias (plural bias-bias, informal 1st possessive biasku, 2nd possessive biasmu, 3rd possessive biasnya)
* the act of diversion or deflection
    Synonyms: biasan, pesongan
* bias
** inclination towards something; predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference, predilection.
    Synonyms: kecenderungan, pincang
** (statistics) the difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.
    Synonym: pincang

#### Derived terms

* biasan
* membias
* membiaskan
* pembiasan
* terbias

### References

* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “بيس bijas”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 69
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “بيس biyas”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 142
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “bias”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 134

### Further reading

* “bias” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old Irish
### Verb

bias
* third-person singular future relative of at·tá
* third-person singular future relative of benaid

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* beias

### Etymology

From English bias.

### Noun

bias m (plural biasau)
* bias

#### Derived terms

* biasu (“to bias”)

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bias”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies