# 孟

| 孟 | U+5B5F, &#23391; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B5F |
| ← 孞 [U+5B5E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 孠 → [U+5B60] |

## Translingual
### Han character

孟 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓木月廿 (NDBT), four-corner 1710$_7$, composition ⿱子皿)

#### Derived characters

* 掹, 猛, 䁅, 艋, 蜢, 錳(锰), 鯭, 勐, 䓝
* 𱎺, 𠗠, 𠵼, 𡝹, 𢛴, 𬈂, 𰖕, 𣓶, 𪹁, 𤗖, 𤦕, 𰮳, 𱰚, 𮃑, 𥺬, 𦁧(𰬨), 𧩌, 𲂦, 𬧷, 𮠴, 𫙍, 𭩔
* 𮷫, 𤷪, 𱸋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 278, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6960
* Dae Jaweon: page 546, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1013, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5B5F

## Chinese

* 孟姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Meng (surname) (English)

### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 孟
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 猛 | *mraːŋʔ |
| 艋 | *mraːŋʔ |
| 蜢 | *mraːŋʔ |
| 皿 | *maŋʔ |
| 孟 | *mraːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mraːŋs): semantic 子 (“child; son”) + phonetic 皿 (OC *maŋʔ)

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *maŋ (“big; old; elder (brother, uncle)”); cognate with Anong ʈhi³¹ mɑŋ³¹ (“old; elderly”), Drung tvmvng (“elder sibling”), Burmese မင်း (mang:, “monarch; king”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Likely related to 兄 (OC *hmraŋ, “older brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). Perhaps also related to 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “great; extensive”) and 荒 (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs, “vast; excessive; senile”) (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mèng (meng$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maang$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mang$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): men$^5$ / mung$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): men
    (Hailu, HRS): men$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mên$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): meng$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): māing
* Eastern Min (BUC): mâing
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bēng / béng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mêng$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$man
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mèng
*** Wade–Giles: mêng$^4$
*** Yale: mèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menq
*** Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: mong$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
*** Sinological IPA : /moŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maang$^6$
*** Yale: maahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maang$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mang$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːŋ²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbaŋ³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: men$^5$ / mung$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛn¹¹/, /muŋ¹¹/
* men5 - vernacular;
* mung5 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit孟 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /məŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /məŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /məŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /məŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /məŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /məŋ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /məŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /mə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /məŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /mə̃n¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /mɤŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /moŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /moŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /moŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /moŋ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /mən⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /məŋ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /məŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /məŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /mə̃ŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /mã²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /mã³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /moŋ¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /miɛ²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /mʌ̃²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /man¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /moŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /mən⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /mɛn²¹/ /muŋ²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /men⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /men⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /maŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /mɐŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /maŋ²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /biŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /maiŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /maiŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /meŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /moŋ³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: maengH
Rime :
| Character | 孟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 莫更切 |
| Baxter | maengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /maŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /mɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mang$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 孟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mèng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mæng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁraŋ-s/ |
| English | eldest, great |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孟 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9152 |
| Phonetic component | 皿 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孟 |
| Old Chinese | /*mraːŋs/ |

### Definitions

孟
* eldest brother (also used in personal names)
* first month of a season
    孟秋 ― mèngqiū ― seventh month of Chinese calendar
* (figuratively) first in series
* (figuratively) great, eminent
* to strive; to endeavor
* (～族) Mon people
* Short for 孟子 (Mèngzǐ, “Mencius; Mencius (book)”).
* Short for 孟加拉 (Mèngjiālā, “Bangladesh”).
* Alternative form of 猛 (měng, “bold; powerful”)
* a surname
    孟浩然 ― Mèng Hàorán ― Meng Haoran (Tang dynasty poet)

### Compounds

* 主孟
* 亞孟 / 亚孟 (yàmèng)
* 優孟 / 优孟
* 優孟衣冠 / 优孟衣冠
* 公孟
* 四孟
* 姜孟
* 孔孟 (Kǒng-Mèng)
* 孔孟之道 (Kǒng-Mèng zhī dào)
* 孔孟學會 / 孔孟学会
* 孟享
* 孟亭
* 孟什維克 / 孟什维克 (mèngshíwéikè)
* 孟仲叔季
* 孟侯
* 孟光
* 孟光舉案 / 孟光举案
* 孟公
* 孟公孟姥
* 孟公投轄 / 孟公投辖
* 孟冬
* 孟加拉 (Mèngjiālā)
* 孟勞 / 孟劳
* 孟博登車 / 孟博登车
* 孟叟
* 孟嘗 / 孟尝
* 孟嘗君 / 孟尝君
* 孟嘉落帽
* 孟夏 (Mèngxià)
* 孟姑姑
* 孟姥
* 孟姜
* 孟姜女 (Mèngjiāngnǚ)
* 孟姜女調 / 孟姜女调
* 孟婆 (Mèngpó)
* 孟娵
* 孟婆湯 / 孟婆汤 (mèngpótāng)
* 孟子 (Mèngzǐ)
* 季孟
* 季孟之間 / 季孟之间
* 孟宗泣筍 / 孟宗泣笋
* 孟宗竹 (mèngzōngzhú)
* 孟家溪 (Mèngjiāxī)
* 孟家蟬 / 孟家蝉
* 孟州 (Mèngzhōu, “Mengzhou”)
* 孟常
* 孟廡 / 孟庑
* 孟戲 / 孟戏
* 孟族 (mèngzú)
* 孟春
* 孟晉 / 孟晋
* 孟月 (mèngyuè)
* 孟村 (Mèngcūn)
* 孟林筍 / 孟林笋
* 孟極 / 孟极
* 孟槐
* 孟樓 / 孟楼 (Mènglóu)
* 孟樂 / 孟乐
* 孟母 (Mèngmǔ)
* 孟母三遷 / 孟母三迁 (mèngmǔsānqiān)
* 孟母擇鄰 / 孟母择邻
* 孟母斷織 / 孟母断织
* 孟津 (Mèngjīn)
* 孟浪
* 孟浪輕狂 / 孟浪轻狂
* 孟瀦 / 孟潴
* 孟秋
* 孟竹
* 孟織 / 孟织
* 孟良盜馬 / 孟良盗马
* 孟荀 (Mèng-Xún)
* 孟藝 / 孟艺
* 孟襄陽 / 孟襄阳
* 孟詩韓筆 / 孟诗韩笔
* 孟說 / 孟说
* 孟語 / 孟语 (mèngyǔ)
* 孟諸 / 孟诸
* 孟豬 / 孟猪
* 孟買 / 孟买 (Mèngmǎi)
* 孟賁 / 孟贲
* 孟鄰 / 孟邻
* 孟門 / 孟门
* 孟陬 (mèngzōu)
* 孟陽 / 孟阳
* 孟青
* 孟青棒
* 孟非斯
* 孟韓 / 孟韩
* 孟饗 / 孟飨
* 孟鳥 / 孟鸟
* 孟麗君 / 孟丽君
* 孫孟 / 孙孟
* 寒孟
* 施孟
* 春孟
* 月孟
* 桓孟
* 梁孟
* 浪孟
* 焦孟不離 / 焦孟不离
* 王孟
* 秋孟
* 落帽孟嘉
* 衣冠優孟 / 衣冠优孟
* 論孟 / 论孟
* 賓孟 / 宾孟
* 趙孟 / 赵孟
* 鄒孟 / 邹孟
* 韓孟 / 韩孟

### References

* “孟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* Used in personal names.

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)、もう (mō)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō)、もう (mō)
* Kan’yō-on: まん (man)
* Kun: おさ (osa, 孟)、かしら (kashira, 孟)、たけ (take, 孟)
* Nanori: たけし (takeshi)、つとむ (tsutomu)、はじめ (hajime)、はる (haru)

## Korean
### Hanja

孟 (eumhun 맏 맹 (mat maeng))
* hanja form of 맹 (“first in a series”)
* hanja form of 맹 (“great, eminent”)
孟 (eumhun 맹랑할 망 (maengnanghal mang))
* hanja form of 망 (“shrewd, impudent, difficult”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

孟: Hán Việt readings: mạnh
孟: Nôm readings: mạnh, mảnh
* chữ Nôm form of mạnh (“strong; powerful; vigorous”).

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).

## Zhuang
### Pronoun

孟
* Sawndip form of mwngz (“you”)