# ire
## English
### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /aɪɹ/
* (UK) IPA: /aɪ.ə(ɹ)/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English ire, yre, from Old English īre, ȳre, īr, ȳr, shortened form of īren (“iron”). More at iron.

#### Noun

ire (uncountable)
* (obsolete) Iron.
** 1806, Richard Polwhele, The Language, Literature, and Literary Characters of Cornwall: with Illustrations from Devonshire, page 25:[…] 'Tell I'm rud as the smith makes the pieces of ire; […]
** 1842, George Philip Rigney Pulman, Rustic Sketches; being poems on angling ... in the dialect of East Devon, page 55:A ire thing, moore smart by haff, / That zeed var off 's za theene 's a laff, / An' zum zes edden' 'xac'ly saff, / Stan's in th' place ee did.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English ire, from Old French ire (“ire”), from Latin īra (“wrath, rage”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply”) (compare Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”), Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”), Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”), οἶστρος (oîstros, “frenzy; gadfly”), Avestan 𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aesma, “anger”), Sanskrit इष् f (iṣ, “refreshment, strength”)). Compare also Middle English irre, erre (“anger, wrath”), from Old English yrre, ierre, eorre (“anger, wrath”).

#### Noun

ire (uncountable)
* Great anger; wrath; keen resentment.
    Synonyms: fury, rage, wrath
    to raise the ire of someone
** a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:She lik'd not his desire; Fain would be free but dreadeth parents ire
** c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:If I digg'd up thy forefathers graves, And hung their rotten coffins up in chains, It could not slake mine ire, nor ease my heart.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:Or Neptune's ire, or Juno's, that so long Perplex'd the Greek and Cytherea's son.
** a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The First Book of Homer’s Ilias”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume IV, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 419:For this th' avenging Pow'r employs his darts; / And empties all his quiver in our hearts; / Thus will perſiſt, relentleſs in his ire, / Till the fair ſlave be render'd to her ſire: [...]
** 2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 3:News of this notice from the university was picked up by local media and had the effect of raising the ire of some citizens who saw this as an attack on ‘Chinese heritage’, which in turn resulted in a rapid apology from the university[.]
** 2022 December 27, Brianna Sacks, “Buffalo blizzard fuels racial and class divides in polarized city”, in The Washington Post‎, archived from the original on 29 December 2022:Meanwhile, Buffalo was under a driving ban until midnight Thursday because many of its streets were still clogged, preventing people from getting groceries and medication. In predominantly Black parts of the city, like the East Side, many residents still can’t leave their homes. Twelve-foot snow drifts still cover windows.¶ Buffalo’s slow, haphazard plowing and response has also drawn the ire of county leaders.

##### Related terms

* irascibility
* irascible
* irate
* ireful

##### Translations
#### Verb

ire (third-person singular simple present ires, present participle iring, simple past and past participle ired)
* (transitive, rare) To anger, to irritate.
** 1880, Gleason's Monthly Companion, page 287:It doesn't tire a man to put down a carpet so much as it ires him.
** 1915, Dr. Duncan Eve of Nashville, Tennessee, USA, in the Southern Medical Journal, volume 4, page 279:
    I heard enough from the gentleman who has just taken his seat, and from my friend, Dr. Caldwell, to ire me just a little bit.
** 1962, Louis L'Amour, Lando, page 3:“You have enemies. Is that why you have chosen to leave at this time?” It ired me that he should think so, but I held my peace, and when I spoke at last, my voice was mild.
** 1968, “H. P. Wasson and Company”, in Decisions and Orders of the National Labor Relations Board, volume 170, page 298:Only one employee testified as to the interrogation. This was Mary Farley who testified that at the time the research interviewer reached her home she was entertaining company and that she was “ired” by the interruption.
** 1992 03, Canadian House of Commons, House of Commons Debates, volume 7, page 8115:Mr. Gray (Bonaventure–Îles-de-la-Madeleine): Mr. Speaker, [...] Having been in the House of Commons for seven and one-half years and regardless of political stripe, the thing that angers and ires me the most is to hear downtown metro people talking […]
** 2001 August 1, Xan Nowakowski, Objects in Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 104:[…] to give up anorexia. Everyone else deserves their food; it ires me to no end—couldn't write “pissed off,” too juvenile—to hear other girls say, “I shouldn't be eating this.” Shut up, I want to say, you're fucking gorgeous.
** 2012 September 14, Jim McGahern, A Leg up on the Canon Book 3: Adaptations of Shakespeare's Tragedies and Kyd's the Spanish Tragedy, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 264:Instinctively Lear knows she is making some sense, but he has never been treated in this way before and it ires him into calling Goneril a “degenerate bastard” The decrepit old […]
** 2014 March, John A. Tirpak, “Gates versus the Air Force”, in Air Force Magazine, page 56:The origin of Gates’ decapitation of the Air Force’s top leadership clearly lie with the F-22. Gates was ired that “every time Moseley and Air Force secretary Mike Wynne came to see me, it was about a new bomber or more F-22s.”
** 2020, Sarah Hawkswood, River of Sins, Allison and Busby:‘And do not leave Furnaux in a pool of blood, however much he ires you. He has his uses.’

##### Translations
#### References

* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “ire”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “ire”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* rie, RIE, -ier, Eri, eir, Rie, EIR, rei, Eri.

## Dongxiang
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *ire-, compare Mongolian ирэх (irex), Daur irgw.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈrə/

### Verb

ire
* to come

#### Derived terms

* iregva (“to make come”)
* iredan (“manner of coming”)

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin īra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iʁ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iʁ

### Noun

ire f (plural ires)
* (archaic, literary or poetic) ire, anger
    Synonym: colère

### Further reading

* “ire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* rie

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.re/
* Rhymes: -ire
* Hyphenation: ì‧re

### Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

ire f
* plural of ira

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ìre (no first-person singular present, no past historic, past participle (regional) ìto, no imperfect, no future, no subjunctive, no imperfect subjunctive, no imperative, auxiliary èssere)
* (obsolete, regional, literary) Alternative form of gire (“go”) [auxiliary essere]
    Synonym: andare

##### Conjugation

$^1$Regional.
Including lesser-used forms:
$^1$Regional. $^2$Archaic or poetic.

### Anagrams

* eri, rei, rie, riè

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈiː.re/, [ˈiːrɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈi.re/, [ˈiːre]

### Verb

īre
* present active infinitive of eō

### References

* “ire”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Determiner

ire
* Alternative form of hire (“her”)

#### Pronoun

ire
* Alternative form of hire (“hers”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

ire
* Alternative form of hire (“her”)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

ire
* Alternative form of ere (“ear”)

### Etymology 4
#### Determiner

ire
* Alternative form of here (“their”)

### Etymology 5

From Old French ire (“ire”) or Latin īra (“wrath, rage”). See English ire for more.

#### Noun

ire (uncountable)
* anger, wrath
** 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knyghtes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:That lord is now of Thebes the Citee, Fulfild of ire and of iniquitee, He, for despit and for his tirannye, To do the dede bodyes vileynye, Of alle oure lordes, whiche that been slawe, Hath alle the bodyes on an heep ydrawe, And wol nat suffren hem, by noon assent, Neither to been yburyed nor ybrent.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1390, John Gower, Confessio Amantis:"Mi goode fader, tell me this: What thing is Ire? Sone, it is That in oure englissh Wrathe is hote […]"(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### References

* “īre, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Middle French
### Etymology

Old French ire < Latin īra.

### Noun

ire f (plural ires)
* ire; rage; fury

#### Descendants

* French: ire

## Neapolitan
### Verb

ire
* Alternative form of jire (“to go”)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

ire m (definite singular iren, indefinite plural irer, definite plural irene)
* person from Ireland, Irishman.
    Synonyms: irlender, irlending

#### Related terms

* Republikken Irland, Irland
* irsk

### References

* “ire” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

ire m (definite singular iren, indefinite plural irar, definite plural irane)
* person from Ireland, Irishman.
    Synonyms: irlendar, irlending

#### Related terms

* Republikken Irland, Irland
* irsk

### References

* “ire” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old French
### Etymology

Latin īra.

### Noun

ire oblique singular, f (oblique plural ires, nominative singular ire, nominative plural ires)
* ire, anger, rage

#### Descendants

* → English: ire
* French: ire (now rare)

### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (ire)
* ire on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* ira, iro, iru

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hiz.

### Pronoun

ire
* Alternative form of ira

#### Declension
## Portuguese
### Verb

ire
* inflection of irar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔiˈɾe/ [ʔɪˈɾɛ]
* Rhymes: -e
* Syllabification: i‧re

### Pronoun

iré (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ) (dialectal, colloquial)
* Alternative form of iri: this

## Yoruba
### Alternative forms

* ure (Ekiti)

### Etymology 1

Compare with oore (“blessing”) and rere (“goodness”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ī.ɾē/

#### Noun

ire
* good fortune, good luck
    Synonyms: aásìkí, àlùbáríkà
* goodness, kindness
    Synonym: rere
    Antonym: ìkà
    ire l'ó pé, ìkà kò pé ― Only goodness brings a positive result, wickedness does not
* A prefix used in unisex given names (ex. Irégbèmí)

##### Derived terms

* Adédire
* ataare (“a type of pepper”)
* irekíre (“random kindness”)
* oríire (“luckiness, good luck”)
* ìwúre (“prayer”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ī.ɾē/

#### Noun

ire
* the tree Funtumia elastica

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾē/

#### Noun

ìre
* blessings
    Synonyms: àlùbáríkà, báríkà, oore, ìbùkún

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.ɾé/

#### Noun

ìré
* tail feather
    bákùkọ́ bá ń kọ, jìnnìjìnnnì níí mú ìré ìdí i rẹ̀ ― when a rooster crows, a state of vibration will overwhelm its tail feathers

##### Related terms

* ìyẹ́ (“feather”)

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ī.ɾè/

#### Noun

irè
* farm produce, harvest
    Synonym: irè oko

##### Derived terms

* ìkórè (“harvest”)

### Etymology 6
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ī.ɾé/

#### Noun

iré
* play, sport
    Synonyms: eré, aré
    wọ́n ń ṣiré erùpẹ̀ ― They were playing with dirt

##### Derived terms

* ohun àfiṣiré (“play toy”)
* ṣiré (“to play”)