# 寸

| 寸 | U+5BF8, &#23544; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BF8 |
| ← 寷 [U+5BF7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 对 → [U+5BF9] |
| ⼨ | U+2F28, &#12072; KANGXI RADICAL INCH |
| ← ⼧ [U+2F27] | Kangxi Radicals | ⼩ → [U+2F29] |

## Translingual
### Han character

寸 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 木戈 (DI), four-corner 4030$_0$, composition ⿹𬺰丶)
* Kangxi radical #41, ⼨.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/寸
* 付, 吋, 忖, 过, 时, 村, 肘, 衬, 籿, 紂(纣), 耐, 䖞, 䙸, 討(讨), 酎, 屗
* 刌, 夺, 守, 寺, 䒭, 䙷, 辱, 奪, 疛, 団, 埓, 㷉
* 𢁜, 𢩭, 𰛇, 𤜮, 𬉴, 𥘑, 𤰥, 𬑺, 𫵛, 𧲣, 𧴫, 𧺘, 𫏀, 𨊭, 𨥇, 𩈃, 𠷻, 𢰙, 𭹝, 𩲅, 𪡮, 𬶾, 𮮿, 𣟑
* 𨙯, 𬁟, 𬂝, 𰛋, 𥃷, 𮄧, 𦏽, 𦥘, 𮙮, 𡨎, 𫷦, 𡁷

#### Descendants

* す

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 293, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7411
* Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 503, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5BF8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寸 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 村 | *sʰuːn |
| 忖 | *sʰuːnʔ |
| 刌 | *sʰuːnʔ |
| 寸 | *sʰuːns |
Shuowen considered it an ideogram (指事) – a position on the forearm where the pulse can be palpated by compressing the radial artery. It is called 寸口 in modern Chinese, and the meaning of a unit of measurement is derived from the distance between the wrist and this position. Compare 又, 手, 九, 爪.
However, it may be an abbreviated form of 尊 (zūn), borrowed to mean a unit of measurement (see: 李轶.先秦度量单位"尺""寸"用字考[J].云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2010, 42(5).DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5110.2010.05.017.)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): cùn (cun$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄣˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cen$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цун (cun, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cyun$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tun$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cun$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhun
    (Hailu, HRS): cun$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cun$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): cung$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): cho̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): chóng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cong$^4$ / cuong$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhùn / chhǹg
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cung$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tshen
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cen$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cùn
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻun$^4$
*** Yale: tswùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuenn
*** Palladius: цунь (cunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰu̯ən⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cen$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cen
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰən²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цун (cun, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyun$^3$
*** Yale: chyun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyːn³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰun³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰun²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhun
*** Hakka Romanization System: cun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cun$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: cung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cho̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chóng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰouŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cong$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cheo̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cuong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuoŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhùn
*** Tâi-lô: tshùn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhuxn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǹg
*** Tâi-lô: tshǹg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhngx
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/
* chhùn - literary;
* chhǹg - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tshwonH
Rime :
| Character | 寸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 倉困切 |
| Baxter | tshwonH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰuən$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰuon$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰuən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰwən$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰuən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰuən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰuən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyun$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤu[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 寸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cùn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshwon$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁu[n]-s/ |
| English | thumb; inch |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 寸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1913 |
| Phonetic component | 寸 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 寸 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰuːns/ |

#### Definitions

寸
* (units of measure) A cun or Chinese inch, a traditional unit of length of about 3 cm.
** (Mainland China) Short for 市寸 (shìcùn).
** (Hong Kong) Legally defined as the tsun of 3.71475 cm.
* (informal) Short for 英寸 (yīngcùn, “inch”).
* (figurative) very short or little
* (traditional Chinese medicine) cunkou pulse; radial artery pulse at the wrist
* (Mandarin, colloquial) coincidental; unbelievable; opportune
* a surname

##### Coordinate terms

* 分 (fēn, “$^1$⁄$_{10}$ cun”)
* 尺 (chǐ, “10 cun”)

#### Compounds

* 一寸丹心
* 一寸秋波
* 一寸赤心
* 三寸丁
* 三寸之舌
* 三寸舌
* 三寸貨 / 三寸货
* 三寸金蓮 / 三寸金莲
* 京八寸
* 公寸 (gōngcùn)
* 分寸 (fēncùn)
* 寸兵
* 寸兵尺鐵 / 寸兵尺铁
* 寸功 (cùngōng)
* 寸口
* 寸善片長 / 寸善片长
* 寸土 (cùntǔ)
* 寸土寸金 (cùntǔcùnjīn)
* 寸土尺地
* 寸地尺天
* 寸子
* 寸心 (cùnxīn)
* 寸指測淵 / 寸指测渊
* 寸斷 / 寸断 (cùnduàn)
* 寸晷
* 寸木岑樓 / 寸木岑楼
* 寸札
* 寸楮
* 寸步 (cùnbù)
* 寸步不離 / 寸步不离 (cùnbùbùlí)
* 寸步難移 / 寸步难移
* 寸步難行 / 寸步难行 (cùnbùnánxíng)
* 寸田
* 寸甲不留
* 寸田尺宅
* 寸男尺女
* 寸碧
* 寸祿 / 寸禄
* 寸積銖累 / 寸积铢累
* 寸絲不挂
* 寸絲半粟 / 寸丝半粟
* 寸縷 / 寸缕
* 寸腸 / 寸肠
* 寸草
* 寸草不生 (cùncǎobùshēng)
* 寸草不留
* 寸草心
* 寸草春暉 / 寸草春晖
* 寸衷
* 寸進 / 寸进
* 寸金
* 寸鐵 / 寸铁
* 寸長 / 寸长
* 寸長尺技 / 寸长尺技
* 寸長尺短 / 寸长尺短
* 寸陰 / 寸阴
* 寸陰尺璧 / 寸阴尺璧
* 寸陰若歲 / 寸阴若岁
* 寸隙
* 寸馬豆人 / 寸马豆人
* 尺寸
* 尺寸之功 (chǐcùn zhī gōng)
* 尺寸之地
* 尺寸千里
* 尺寸斗粟
* 尺短寸長 / 尺短寸长 (chǐduǎncùncháng)
* 幫寸 / 帮寸 (bāngcùn)
* 徑寸 / 径寸
* 得寸思尺
* 得寸進尺 / 得寸进尺 (décùnjìnchǐ)
* 得尺得寸
* 愁腸寸斷 / 愁肠寸断
* 手無寸鐵 / 手无寸铁 (shǒuwúcùntiě)
* 掉三寸舌
* 方寸 (fāngcùn)
* 方寸之地
* 方寸之間 / 方寸之间
* 方寸亂矣 / 方寸乱矣
* 方寸已亂 / 方寸已乱
* 有分寸
* 柔腸寸斷 / 柔肠寸断 (róuchángcùnduàn)
* 桐棺三寸
* 沒分寸 / 没分寸
* 沒尺寸 / 没尺寸
* 火寸
* 爛頭寸 / 烂头寸 (làntóucùn)
* 片接寸附
* 猿腸寸斷 / 猿肠寸断
* 獨守尺寸 / 独守尺寸
* 積銖累寸 / 积铢累寸
* 聊表寸心
* 肝腸寸斷 / 肝肠寸断 (gānchángcùnduàn)
* 英寸 (yīngcùn)
* 言身寸
* 詘寸伸尺 / 诎寸伸尺
* 詘寸信尺 / 诎寸信尺
* 調頭寸 / 调头寸
* 身無寸縷 / 身无寸缕
* 軋頭寸 / 轧头寸
* 迴腸寸斷 / 回肠寸断
* 進寸退尺 / 进寸退尺
* 銖積寸累 / 铢积寸累
* 雞屎落塗，也有三寸煙 / 鸡屎落涂，也有三寸烟 (ke sái lo̍h thô͘, iā ū saⁿ chhùn ian) (Min Nan)
* 頭寸 / 头寸 (tóucùn)
* 風檐寸晷 / 风檐寸晷
* 風簷寸晷 / 风檐寸晷
* 鼠目寸光 (shǔmùcùnguāng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 寸(すん) (sun)
* → Korean: 촌(寸) (chon)
* → Vietnamese: thốn (寸)
* Old Uyghur: tswn (tsun)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 寸 – see 忖 (“to ponder; to speculate; to think; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 忖).

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyun$^3$
*** Yale: chyun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyːn³³/

#### Definitions

寸
* (Cantonese) Alternative form of 串

### References

* “寸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: すん (sun, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: そん (son)
* Kun: き (ki)
* Nanori: す (su)、みき (miki)

#### Compounds

* 寸寸(ずたずた) (zutazuta)
* 寸胴(ずんどう) (zundō)
* 一寸(ちょっと) (chotto)
* 燐寸(マッチ) (matchi)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 寸
* すん Grade: 6
* goon
From Middle Chinese 寸 (MC tshwonH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) すん [súꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sɨ̃ɴ]

#### Noun

寸(すん) • (sun)
* a Japanese measurement of length equivalent to 10 分 (bu) or approximately 3.03 cm
* (by extension) a length, measurement
* shortness, fewness
* (historical) the fee of a 局女郎 (tsubone-jorō), set at one momme or 100 mon

##### Derived terms

* 一(いっ)寸(すん) (issun)
* 二(に)寸(すん) (nisun)
* 三(さん)寸(ずん) (sanzun)
* 四(し)寸(すん) (shisun)
* 五(ご)寸(すん) (gosun)
* 六(ろく)寸(すん) (rokusun)
* 七(なな)寸(すん) (nanasun)
* 八(はっ)寸(すん) (hassun)
* 九(きゅう)寸(すん) (kyūsun)
* 十(じゅっ)寸(すん) (jussun)

##### Descendants

* English: sun

##### See also

* 分(ぶ) (bu)
* 尺(しゃく) (shaku)

#### Affix

寸(すん) • (sun)
* sun (measurement of length)
* (by extension) length, measurement
* minimal, negligible

##### Derived terms

* 寸(すん)寸(ずん) (sunzun)
* 寸(すん)陰(いん) (sun'in)
* 寸(すん)暇(か) (sunka)
* 寸(すん)志(し) (sunshi)
* 寸(すん)時(じ) (sunji)
* 寸(すん)借(しゃく) (sunshaku)
* 寸(すん)尺(しゃく) (sunshaku)
* 寸(すん)前(ぜん) (sunzen)
* 寸(すん)断(だん) (sundan)
* 寸(すん)評(ぴょう) (sunpyō)
* 寸(すん)法(ぽう) (sunpō)
* 原(げん)寸(すん) (gensun)
* 同(どう)寸(すん) (dōsun)
* 方(ほう)寸(すん) (hōsun)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 寸
* き Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese.

#### Suffix

寸(き) • (-ki)
* (archaic) unit used in ancient times to measure lengths of horses

##### Derived terms

* 八(や)寸(き) (yaki)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 寸 (MC tshwonH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 촌〮 (Yale: chwón) | 촌〮 (Yale: chwón) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄆᆞᄃᆡ (Yale: mòtòy) | 촌〯 (Yale: chwǒn) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰo̞(ː)n]
* Phonetic hangul: [촌(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 寸 (eumhun 마디 촌 (madi chon))
* hanja form of 촌 (“degree of kinship”) [noun]

#### Compounds

* 사촌 (四寸, sachon)
* 삼촌 (三寸, samchon)
* 오촌 (五寸, ochon)
* 육촌 (六寸, yukchon)
* 촌수 (寸數, chonsu, “number of degrees of kinship”)
* 촌지 (寸志, chonji)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しん (shin)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 寸
* しん Grade: 6
* on'yomi
Cognate with mainland Japanese 寸 (sun).

### Pronunciation

* (Shuri-Naha) し​ん [shíꜜn] (Kakō - [1])
* IPA: [ɕiɴ]

### Noun

寸(しん) (shin)
* a measurement of length equivalent to 10 分 (bu) or approximately 3.03 cm

#### Coordinate terms

* 分(ぶ) (bu)
* 尺(しゃく) (shaku)

#### Derived terms

* 一(いっ)寸(しん) (isshin)
* 六(るく)寸(しん) (rukushin)
* 八(はっ)寸(しん) (hasshin)

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Suffix

寸 (-ki₁) (kana き)
* ancient measurement of length equivalent to the modern Japanese sun or approximately 3.03 cm

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 寸 (-ki)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

寸: Hán Việt readings: thốn
寸: Nôm readings: thốn, xốn, thổn, dón, són, thuỗn
* chữ Hán form of thốn (“cun, a unit of length”).

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).