# obstinate
## English
### Alternative forms

* obstinant (proscribed)

### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English obstinat(e) (“obstinate, stubborn”), from Latin obstinātus, perfect passive participle of obstinō (“set one's mind firmly upon, resolve”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from ob (“before”) + *stinare, from stare (“to stand”). Doublet of ostinato.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɒb.stɪ.nət/, /ˈɒb.stɪ.nɪt/
* (US) enPR: äb'stənət, IPA: /ˈɑb.stə.nət/, /ˈɑb.stə.nɪt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation (US): ob‧sti‧nate

### Adjective

obstinate (comparative more obstinate, superlative most obstinate)
* Stubbornly adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course, usually with implied unreasonableness; persistent.
** 1686, Montaigne, translated by Charles Cotton, That men are justly punished for being obstinate in the defence of a fort that is not in reason to be defended:From this consideration it is that we have derived the custom, in times of war, to punish […] those who are obstinate to defend a place that by the rules of war is not tenable […]
** 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 21, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:[…] the junior Osborne was quite as obstinate as the senior: when he wanted a thing, quite as firm in his resolution to get it; and quite as violent when angered, as his father in his most stern moments
* (of inanimate things) Not easily subdued or removed.
** 1925-29, Mahadev Desai (translator), M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Part IV, Chapter XXIX,
    Now it happened that Kasturbai […] had again begun getting haemorrhage, and the malady seemed to be obstinate.
* (of a facial feature) Typical of an obstinate person; fixed and unmoving.
** 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:He had the same pile of curly hair, but he was clean-shaven with a heavy, obstinate jowl.

#### Synonyms

* (stubbornly adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course): bloody-minded, persistent, stubborn, pertinacious, see also Thesaurus:obstinate
* (not easily subdued): persistent, unrelenting, inexorable

#### Derived terms

* obstinacy
* obstinately
* obstinateness

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “obstinate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “obstinate”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “obstinate”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* obtainest, bastionet, obestatin, beats into

## Latin
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ob.stiˈnaː.teː/, [ɔps̠t̪ɪˈnäːt̪eː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ob.stiˈna.te/, [obst̪iˈnäːt̪e]

#### Adverb

obstinātē (comparative obstinātius, superlative obstinātissimē)
* firmly, inflexibly, resolutely, obstinately

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ob.stiˈnaː.te/, [ɔps̠t̪ɪˈnäːt̪ɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ob.stiˈna.te/, [obst̪iˈnäːt̪e]

#### Participle

obstināte
* vocative masculine singular of obstinātus

### References

* “obstinate”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “obstinate”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* obstinate in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Spanish
### Verb

obstinate
* second-person singular voseo imperative of obstinar combined with te