# gripe
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English gripen, from Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreyb- (“to grab, grasp”). Cognate with West Frisian gripe, Low German griepen, Dutch grijpen, German greifen, Danish gribe, Swedish gripa. See also grip, grope.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɹaɪp/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪp

#### Verb

gripe (third-person singular simple present gripes, present participle griping, simple past griped or (obsolete) grope, past participle griped or (obsolete) gripen)
* (intransitive, informal) To complain; to whine.
** 2012 April 29, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Treehouse of Horror III” (season 4, episode 5; originally aired 10/29/1992)”, in AV Club‎:In “Treehouse Of Horror” episodes, the rules aren’t just different—they don’t even exist. If writers want Homer to kill Flanders or for a segment to end with a marriage between a woman and a giant ape, they can do so without worrying about continuity or consistency or fans griping that the gang is behaving out of character.
* (transitive, informal) To annoy or bother.
    What's griping you?
* (nautical) To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing close-hauled, requires constant labour at the helm.
* (obsolete, transitive) To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or indigestible substances.
** c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:How inly sorrow gripes his soul.
* (intransitive, now archaic except in passive) To suffer griping pains.
** 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:the griping of an hungry belly
* (obsolete, intransitive) To make a grab (to, towards, at or upon something).
** 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 14]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:Therefore, everyman, look to that last end that is thy death and the dust that gripeth on every man that is born of woman for as he came naked forth from his mother's womb so naked shall he wend him at the last for to go as he came.
* (archaic, transitive) To seize or grasp.
** 1551, Thomas More, “(please specify the Internet Archive page)”, in Raphe Robynson [i.e., Ralph Robinson], transl., A Fruteful, and Pleasaunt Worke of the Best State of a Publyque Weale, and of the Newe Yle Called Utopia: […], London: […] [Steven Mierdman for] Abraham Vele, […], →OCLC:Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure?
** c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:UUhoſe hands are made to gripe a warlike Lance— / Their ſhoulders broad, for complet armour fit, / Their lims more large and of a bigger ſize / Than all the brats yſprong from Typhons loins:
** 1667, attributed to Richard Allestree, The Causes of the Decay of Christian Piety. […], London: […] R. Norton for T. Garthwait, […], →OCLC:Unclutch his griping hand.

##### Synonyms

* (complain): bitch (vulgar), complain, whine, whinge

##### Translations
#### Noun

gripe (plural gripes)
* A complaint, often a petty or trivial one.
* (nautical) A wire rope, often used on davits and other life raft launching systems.
* (obsolete) Grasp; clutch; grip.
** c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:A barren sceptre in my gripe.
** 1764, Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto, section I:The young peasant […] disengaged himself from Manfred's gripe […].
** 1833, Mary Shelley, The Mortal Immortal:I started — I dropped the glass — the fluid flamed and glanced along the floor, while I felt Cornelius's gripe at my throat, as he shrieked aloud, "Wretch! you have destroyed the labour of my life!"
* (obsolete) That which is grasped; a handle; a grip.
    the gripe of a sword
* (engineering, dated) A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel.
* (obsolete) Oppression; cruel exaction; affliction; pinching distress.
    the gripe of poverty
** 1785, William Cowper, “The Garden”, in The Task, a Poem, in Six Books. By William Cowper […] To which are Added, by the Same Author, An Epistle to Joseph Hill, Esq. Tirocinium, or a Review of Schools, and The History of John Gilpin, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, No. 72 St. Paul's Church-Yard, OCLC 221351486; republished as The Task. A Poem. In Six Books. To which is Added, Tirocinium: or, A Review of Schools, new edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Printed for Thomas Dobson, bookseller, in Second-street, second door above Chestnut-street, 1787, OCLC 23630717, page 87:
    'Tis the cruel gripe, / That lean hard-handed poverty inflicts, / The hope of better things, the chance to win, / The wiſh to ſhine, the thirſt to be amus'd, / That at the found of Winter's hoary wing, / Unpeople all our counties, of ſuch herds, / Of flutt'ring, loit'ring, cringing, begging, looſe, / And wanton vagrants, as make London, vaſt / And boundless as it is, a crowded coop.
* (chiefly in the plural) Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines.
* (nautical) (Can we verify this sense?)
** The piece of timber that terminates the keel at the fore end; the forefoot.
** The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind.
** An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “gripe”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Derived terms

* begripe
* gripeful
* gripesite
* gripe water
* gripeworthy
* gripey
* gripingly

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

gripe (plural gripes)
* Alternative form of grype

### References

* ↑ 1841, Richard Henry Dana Jr., The Seaman's Friend

### Anagrams

* Greip, Griep

## Galician
### Etymology

Attested since 1853. Borrowed from French grippe

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾipe/ [ˈɡɾi.pɪ]
* IPA: (standard) /ˈɡɾipe/ [ˈɡɾi.pɪ]
* IPA: (gheada) /ˈħɾipe/ [ˈħɾi.pɪ]
* Rhymes: -ipe
* Hyphenation: gri‧pe

### Noun

gripe m or f (plural gripes)
* (pathology) flu, influenza
    Synonyms: gripallada, gripalleira, gripaxe

#### Derived terms

* gripallada
* gripar
* gripaxe
* gripio
* gripo

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “gripe”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “gripe”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “gripe”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English gripe, from Proto-West Germanic *gripi, from Proto-Germanic *gripiz.

#### Alternative forms

* grepe, grippe, grype

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrip(ə)/, /ˈɡreːp(ə)/

#### Noun

gripe (plural grippes or gripen)
* Gripping or grabbing; taking with the hand.
* (rare) A small group or collection of things.
* (rare) An assault or attack.
* (rare) A twinge; a sharp pain.

##### Related terms

* gripel

##### Descendants

* English: grip
** → Dutch: grip
* Scots: grip, grup
* Yola: grip

##### References

* “grip(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-22.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old French gripe, from Latin gryps, grȳphus, from Ancient Greek γρῡ́ψ (grū́ps).

#### Alternative forms

* grijp, grip, grippe, gryp, grype, gryyp

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrip(ə)/, /ˈɡriːp(ə)/

#### Noun

gripe (plural gripes)
* A griffin (mythological beast; also in heraldry).
* A vulture (compare modern English griffon vulture).

##### Descendants

* English: grip (obsolete)

##### References

* “grī̆p(e, n.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-22.

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

gripe
* Alternative form of gripen

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* grip (Föhr-Amrum, Sylt)

### Etymology

From Old Frisian grīpa, from Proto-West Germanic *grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.

### Pronunciation

* (Mooring) IPA: [ˈɡrɪpʰə]

### Verb

gripe
* (Mooring) to grab, take, seize

#### Conjugation
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Danish gribe (“to grab”), from Old Norse grípa (“to grab”), from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreyb- (“to grasp, grab”). Cognate with Danish gribe, Swedish gripa, Icelandic grípa, English gripe, Dutch grijpen, German greifen.

### Verb

gripe (imperative grip, present tense griper, simple past grep or greip, past participle grepet, present participle gripende)
* to grab, grasp, grip
* to seize (grab, capture).
* to seize (take advantage of an opportunity).

#### Derived terms

* foregripe
* gripe dagen
* gripe inn
* håndgripelig
* pågripe

#### Related terms

* grep

### References

* “gripe” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “gripe” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²ɡriːpə/

### Verb

gripe (present tense grip, past tense greip, past participle gripe, passive infinitive gripast, present participle gripande, imperative grip)
* Alternative form of gripa

#### Derived terms

* gripe dagen
* gripe inn

## Old English
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *gripi, from Proto-Germanic *gripiz. Cognate with Old High German *grif (in hantgrif, etc.; > modern German Griff), Old Norse gripr.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡri.pe/

#### Noun

gripe m
* grip, clutch, grasp
* costliness, preciousness

##### Declension

Strong i-stem:

##### Derived terms

* ongripe

##### Descendants

* Middle English: gripe, grepe, grippe, grype
** English: grip
*** → Dutch: grip
** Scots: grip, grup
** Yola: grip

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* grīpe: IPA: /ˈɡriː.pe/
* gripe: IPA: /ˈɡri.pe/

#### Verb

grīpe
* inflection of grīpan:
** first-person singular present indicative
** singular present subjunctive

#### Verb

gripe
* inflection of grīpan:
** second-person singular past indicative
** singular past subjunctive

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡɾi.pi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡɾi.pi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡɾi.pe/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈɡɾi.pɨ/

### Etymology 1

From French grippe.

#### Alternative forms

* grippe (obsolete)

#### Noun

gripe f (plural gripes)
* the flu, influenza

##### Derived terms

* gripar
* gripe aviária
* gripe espanhola
* gripe suína
* gripezinha

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

gripe
* inflection of gripar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡripe]

### Noun

gripe f pl
* inflection of gripă:
** indefinite plural
** indefinite genitive/dative singular

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾipe/ [ˈɡɾi.pe]
* Rhymes: -ipe
* Syllabification: gri‧pe

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French grippe, from gripper (“to seize”), of Germanic origin.

#### Alternative forms

* gripa (Colombia, Mexico)

#### Noun

gripe f (plural gripes)
* (pathology) flu, influenza
    Synonym: influenza
    Tengo la gripe. ― I have the flu.

##### Derived terms

* agriparse
* antigripal
* gripe aviar
* gripe española
* gripe porcina

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

gripe
* inflection of gripar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “gripe”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* pigre

## West Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian grīpa, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡripə/

### Verb

gripe
* to grab, to grasp

#### Derived terms

* begripe

#### Further reading

* “gripe (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011