# basis
## English
### Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis, derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (whence also come). Doublet of base.

### Pronunciation

enPR: bāʹsĭs
* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ˈbeɪ.sɪs/,
** Audio (US):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈbæɪ.sɪs/
* Rhymes: -eɪsɪs

### Noun

basis (plural bases or (rare) baseis or (nonstandard) basises)
* A physical base or foundation.
** 1695, William Congreve, To the King, on the taking of Namur, 1810, Samuel Johnson, Alexander Chalmers (biographies), The Works of the English Poets from Chaucer to Cowper, Volume 10, page 271,
    Beholding rocks from their firm basis rent; Mountain on mountain thrown, With threatening hurl, that shook th' aerial firmament!
** 1907, Ronald M. Burrows, The Discoveries In Crete, page 27:We see here the ground-plan of masses of houses, with their upper walls of fire-baked brick on a basis of stone.
* A starting point, base or foundation for an argument or hypothesis.
** 2019, VOA Learning English (public domain)
    Audio (US):(file)
    I wonder if the South Korean side has any basis that its smog is from China.
* An underlying condition or circumstance.
** 2013 September 7, Daniel Taylor, “Danny Welbeck leads England's rout of Moldova but hit by Ukraine ban”, in The Guardian‎:Hodgson may now have to bring in James Milner on the left and, on that basis, a certain amount of gloss was taken off a night on which Welbeck scored twice but barely celebrated either before leaving the pitch angrily complaining to the Slovakian referee.
* A regular frequency.
    You should brush your teeth on a daily basis at minimum.
    The flights to Fiji leave on a weekly basis.
    Cars must be checked on a yearly basis.
* (agriculture, trading) The difference between the cash price a dealer pays to a farmer for his produce and an agreed reference price, which is usually the futures price at which the given crop is trading at a commodity exchange.
** Included in the basis could be elevation, cleaning, freight by truck and/or rail, government inspection fees, administration fees, interest and storage charges as well as allowance for risk and profit for the grain dealer.https://www.alberta.ca/wheat-basis-levels.aspx
* (linear algebra) In a vector space, a linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space.
* (accounting) Amount paid for an investment, including commissions and other expenses.
* (topology) A collection of subsets ("basis elements") of a set, such that this collection covers the set, and for any two basis elements which both contain an element of the set, there is a third basis element contained in the intersection of the first two, which also contains that element.
    The collection of all possible unions of basis elements of a basis is said to be the topology generated by that basis.

#### Synonyms

* (starting point for discussion): base

#### Derived terms

* accrual basis
* basic
* basis point
* basis spline
* basis vector
* basiswise
* Bernstein basis polynomial
* cash basis
* cost basis
* eigenbasis
* fare basis
* Fourier basis
* Gröbner basis
* Hamel basis
* Hilbert's basis theorem
* normal basis
* on a case-by-case basis
* on a first-name basis
* on a need-to-know basis
* on an irregular basis
* on a regular basis
* on the basis of
* polynomial basis
* rational basis review
* Schauder basis
* subbasis
* tax basis

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### References

* 1 2 “basis” listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [2nd Ed.; 1989]

### Anagrams

* absis, bassi, isbas

## Catalan
### Verb

basis
* second-person singular present subjunctive of basar

## Danish
### Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs). Doublet of base, and also related to komme, from the same ultimate source.

### Noun

basis
* (linear algebra) basis

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of base. Also a distant doublet of komst, via Proto-Indo-European *gʷḿ̥tis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbaː.zəs/, /ˈbaː.zɪs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ba‧sis

### Noun

basis f (plural basissen or bases, diminutive basisje n)
* basis (principle, foundation, that which is elementary)
* base (lower portion, foundation)
* Obsolete form of base (“base, alkali”).

#### Derived terms

* basisarts
* basisbehoefte
* basisbeurs
* basisdemocratie
* basisinkomen
* basisonderwijs
* basisschool
* machtsbasis
* thuisbasis

#### Related terms

* basaal
* base

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: basis
* → Sranan Tongo: basis

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Latin basis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɑsis/, [ˈbɑ̝s̠is̠]
* Rhymes: -ɑsis
* Hyphenation: ba‧sis

### Noun

basis
* basis, base

#### Declension

Possessive forms of basis (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
basikseni
basikseni
accusative
nom.
basikseni
basikseni
gen.
basikseni
genitive
basikseni
basisteni basiksieni
partitive
basistani
basiksiani
inessive
basiksessani
basiksissani
elative
basiksestani
basiksistani
illative
basikseeni
basiksiini
adessive
basiksellani
basiksillani
ablative
basikseltani
basiksiltani
allative
basikselleni
basiksilleni
essive
basiksenani
basiksinani
translative
basiksekseni
basiksikseni
abessive
basiksettani
basiksittani
instructive
comitative
—basiksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
basiksesi
basiksesi
accusative
nom.
basiksesi
basiksesi
gen.
basiksesi
genitive
basiksesi
basistesi basiksiesi
partitive
basistasi
basiksiasi
inessive
basiksessasi
basiksissasi
elative
basiksestasi
basiksistasi
illative
basikseesi
basiksiisi
adessive
basiksellasi
basiksillasi
ablative
basikseltasi
basiksiltasi
allative
basiksellesi
basiksillesi
essive
basiksenasi
basiksinasi
translative
basikseksesi
basiksiksesi
abessive
basiksettasi
basiksittasi
instructive
comitative
—basiksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
basiksemme
basiksemme
accusative
nom.
basiksemme
basiksemme
gen.
basiksemme
genitive
basiksemme
basistemme basiksiemme
partitive
basistamme
basiksiamme
inessive
basiksessamme
basiksissamme
elative
basiksestamme
basiksistamme
illative
basikseemme
basiksiimme
adessive
basiksellamme
basiksillamme
ablative
basikseltamme
basiksiltamme
allative
basiksellemme
basiksillemme
essive
basiksenamme
basiksinamme
translative
basikseksemme
basiksiksemme
abessive
basiksettamme
basiksittamme
instructive
comitative
—basiksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
basiksenne
basiksenne
accusative
nom.
basiksenne
basiksenne
gen.
basiksenne
genitive
basiksenne
basistenne basiksienne
partitive
basistanne
basiksianne
inessive
basiksessanne
basiksissanne
elative
basiksestanne
basiksistanne
illative
basikseenne
basiksiinne
adessive
basiksellanne
basiksillanne
ablative
basikseltanne
basiksiltanne
allative
basiksellenne
basiksillenne
essive
basiksenanne
basiksinanne
translative
basikseksenne
basiksiksenne
abessive
basiksettanne
basiksittanne
instructive
comitative
—basiksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
basiksensa
basiksensa
accusative
nom.
basiksensa
basiksensa
gen.
basiksensa
genitive
basiksensa
basistensa basiksiensa
partitive
basistaan basistansa
basiksiaan basiksiansa
inessive
basiksessaan basiksessansa
basiksissaan basiksissansa
elative
basiksestaan basiksestansa
basiksistaan basiksistansa
illative
basikseensa
basiksiinsa
adessive
basiksellaan basiksellansa
basiksillaan basiksillansa
ablative
basikseltaan basikseltansa
basiksiltaan basiksiltansa
allative
basikselleen basiksellensa
basiksilleen basiksillensa
essive
basiksenaan basiksenansa
basiksinaan basiksinansa
translative
basiksekseen basikseksensa
basiksikseen basiksiksensa
abessive
basiksettaan basiksettansa
basiksittaan basiksittansa
instructive
comitative
—basiksineen basiksinensa :

### Anagrams

* bassi

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈbasis/ [ˈba.sɪs]
* Rhymes: -asis
* Syllabification: ba‧sis

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch basis, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basa.

#### Noun

basis (plural basis-basis)
* basis, base
    Synonyms: asas, dasar
* basis:
** (mathematics) in a vector space, a linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space
* base:
** (electronics) the name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT)
    Synonym: tapak (Standard Malay)
** (geometry) the lowest side of a in a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat
** (military) headquarter: permanent structure for housing military

##### Derived terms

* berbasis
* berbasiskan
* basis akrual
* basis akuntansi
* basis data
* basis kas
* basis keilmuan
* basis militer
* basis penggemar

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch bassist (“bassist”).

#### Noun

basis (plural basis-basis)
* (music) bassist: a musician playing a bass; esp. a bass guitarist

### Further reading

* “basis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs, “stepping, step; foot; base, pedestal”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈba.sis/, [ˈbäs̠ɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈba.sis/, [ˈbäːs̬is]

### Noun

basis f (genitive basis); third declension
* (literal) a pedestal, foot, base
    Synonyms: fundāmentum, fundāmen, crepīdō
** aliquem cum basī suā mētīrīto give false measure, to estimate too high(literally, “to measure a pillar together with its pedestal”)
** 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem‎, volume 2.2, archived from the original on 2022-02-03, section 154:... huic etiam Romae videmus in basi statuarum maximis litteris incisum, A COMMVNI SICILIAE DATAS.... we see in his honor, even in Rome, GIVEN BY THE COMMUNITY OF SICILY carved on the base of statues in huge letters.
** (figurative) a foundation
    Synonym: rādīx
*** c. 400 CE [c. 200–175 BCE], Ben Sira, translated by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus, Vulgate‎, translation of original in Biblical Hebrew, archived from the original on 2021-07-11, Sirach 6.30:... et erunt tibi conpedes in protectionem fortitudinis et bases virtutis et torques illius in stolam gloriae ...... and its [wisdom's] fetters will become a strong protection and the foundations of virtue for you, and its chain will become a glorious robe ...
* (geometry) the base of a triangle, chord of an arc
** 45 BCE, Cicero, De Natura Deorum, volume 2, section 125:Illud vero (ab Aristotele animadversum, a quo pleraque) quis potest non mirari: grues cum loca calidiora petentes maria transmittant, trianguli efficere formam; eius autem summo angulo aer ab is adversus pellitur, deinde sensim ab utroque latere, tamquam remis, ita pinnis cursus avium levatur; basis autem trianguli, quam efficiunt grues, ea tamquam a puppi ventis adiuvatur; eaeque in tergo praevolantium colla et capita reponunt; quod quia ipse dux facere non potest, quia non habet, ubi nitatur, revolat, ut ipse quoque quiescat; in eius locum succedit ex his, quae adquierunt, eaque vicissitudo in omni cursu conservatur.Really, who can not be surprised by this (noticed by Aristotle, from whom comes most of this): that cranes, when they cross the seas looking for warmer places, make the shape of a triangle; for the air is pushed away from them by the top angle, then gradually on each side, as by oars, so the birds' course is elevated by the wings; as for the base of the triangle that cranes make, it is helped as though by winds from the stern; and they put their necks and heads in the back of those flying before them; because the leader itself cannot do this, because it doesn't have one, when it strains itself, it flies back, so that it can also rest; one of those which were resting behind it takes its place, and this changing of places is kept up for the whole journey.
* (architecture) the lowest part of the shaft of a column
* (grammar) a primitive word, root
* a track, footprint (of cattle)
    Synonym: vestīgium
* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

#### Inflection

Note that alternative forms exist for some cases:
* baseōs for the genitive singular
* baseī for the ablative singular
* basin, basem, basidem for accusative singular
* baseis for the accusative plural
Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -im, ablative singular in -ī).

#### Derived terms

* basella (diminutive)
* basicula (diminutive)
* basilāris (adjective)

#### Related terms

* anabasis
* antibasis
* catabasis
* ecbasis
* embasis
* orthembasis

#### Descendants

* → Asturian: base
* → Catalan: base
* → Danish: basis
* → Dutch: basis, base
** → Indonesian: basis, basa
* → English: basis
* → Dutch: base, basis (obsolete in this sense)
** → Indonesian: basa
* → English: base
* → Finnish: basis
* → Galician: base
* → German: Basis
** ⇒ German: Base
* → Italian: base
* → Macedonian: база (baza)
* → Norwegian:
** Norwegian Bokmål: basis
** Norwegian Nynorsk: basis
* Old French: base
** French: base
*** → Czech: báze
*** → Danish: base
**** → Icelandic: basi m
*** → Norwegian:
**** → Norwegian Bokmål: base
**** → Norwegian Nynorsk: base
*** → Romanian: bază
*** → Russian: база (baza)
**** → Armenian: բազա (baza)
**** → Azerbaijani:
    Cyrillic script: база
    Latin script: baza
**** → Crimean Tatar:
    Cyrillic script: база
    Latin script: baza
**** → Georgian: ბაზა (baza)
**** → Kazakh:
    Arabic script: بازا (baza)
    Cyrillic script: база (baza)
**** → Mongolian:
    Mongolian script: [Term?]
    Cyrillic script: бааз (baaz)
**** → Tuvan: бааза (baaza)
*** → Vietnamese: bazơ
*** ⇒ French: baser
**** → Dutch: baseren
**** → Norwegian:
***** Norwegian Bokmål: basere
***** Norwegian Nynorsk: basere
**** → Romanian: baza
** → Middle English: base, bace, bas, baas, basse
*** English: base
*** Scots: base
*** ⇒ French: baser
**** → Dutch: baseren
**** → Norwegian:
***** Norwegian Bokmål: basere
***** Norwegian Nynorsk: basere
**** → Romanian: baza
* → Polish: baza
* → Portuguese: base
* → Russian: ба́за (báza), ба́зис (bázis)
** → Armenian: բազա (baza)
** → Azerbaijani: baza
** → Kazakh: база (baza)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
** Cyrillic: ба́за
** Latin: báza
* → Slovene: bāza
* → Spanish: base
* → Swedish: bas
* → Turkish: baz
* → Ukrainian: ба́за (báza)

### References

* “basis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “basis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* basis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάσις (básis) via Latin basis, whence also the doublet base.

### Noun

basis m (definite singular basisen, indefinite plural basiser, definite plural basisene)
* basis
* base

#### Derived terms

* basisår
* verdensbasis

### References

* “basis” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάσις (básis) via Latin basis, whence also the doublet base.

### Noun

basis m (definite singular basisen, indefinite plural basisar, definite plural basisane)
* basis
* base

#### Derived terms

* basisår

### References

* “basis” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Spanish
### Noun

basis m or f same meaning (plural basis)
* basis

### Further reading

* “basis”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10