# dara
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit धार (dhāra, “holding”), from the root धृ (dhṛ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Tagalog dala, Cebuano dala, Kapampangan dala.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daˈɾa/ [d̪aˈɾa]
* Hyphenation: da‧ra

### Verb

dará (plural darara, Basahan spelling ᜇᜍ)
* to bring
* to be swayed (by other's opinion)
* (by extension) to carry
    Synonyms: bitbit, karga

#### Derived terms

* darahon
* madara
* magdara
* makadara
* padara

## Crimean Tatar
### Noun

dara
* tare

#### Declension
## Dharug
### Noun

dara
* tooth

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from a Turkic language. Compare Turkish darı.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɒrɒ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: da‧ra
* Rhymes: -rɒ

### Noun

dara (usually uncountable, plural darák)
* grits (hulled and coarsely ground grain)
* (weather) sleet, ice pellets

#### Derived terms

* darál
* árpadara
* búzadara
* kukoricadara

### References

* ↑ dara in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* dara in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* dara in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Iban
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdara]
* Hyphenation: da‧ra

### Noun

dara
* maiden, virgin
* virginity

## Ilocano
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq; cognate with Indonesian darah, Malagasy ra, Nauruan ara.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daˈɾa/ [dɐˈɾa]
* Hyphenation: da‧ra

### Noun

dará (Kur-itan spelling ᜇᜎ)
* blood

#### Derived terms

* dinardaraan

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdara]
* Hyphenation: da‧ra

### Etymology 1

From Malay dara, from Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”). Compare Tagalog dalaga.

#### Noun

dara (plural dara-dara)
* maiden, virgin
* virginity
* female cattle that are more than one year old and have never given birth even though they are pregnant

##### Derived terms

* perdaraan

### Etymology 2

From Malay dara, possibly from Old Javanese dara, darā.

#### Noun

dara (plural dara-dara)
* pigeon (Columba domestica)
    Synonym: merpati

### Further reading

* “dara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Verb

dara
* future of dar

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ˈd̪ˠɑɾˠə/
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /ˈd̪ˠaɾˠə/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish indala, from ind (“the”) + aile (“second, other”), from Proto-Celtic *alyos (compare Welsh ail), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (compare Latin alius, Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis)).

#### Alternative forms

* darna
* tarna (Munster)

#### Numeral

dara (triggers h-prothesis)
* second
    an dara haois ― the second century
** 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 54:caiŕə n darə ūntū ŕ hȳv nə l̄āvə ḱlī.[Teighre an dara hiontú ar thaoibh na láimhe clí.]Take the second turn on the left-hand side.(literally, “Go…”)

##### Derived terms

* gach dara

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

dara
* genitive singular of dair (“oak”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 97

## Javanese
### Romanization

dara
* Romanization of ꦢꦫ

## Kapampangan
### Noun

dara
* aunt

## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | دَره |

### Alternative forms

* dərə

### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دره (dare).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [daɾa], [dæ̞ɾa], [dæɾa]
* (Talxâbî, Xarrâbî) IPA: [daɾa]

### Noun

dara (definite accusative darañ, plural daralar)
* valley
* gorge, ravine, canyon

#### Declension
### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1988) Grammatik des Chaladsch [Grammar of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, →OCLC

## Latvian
### Verb

dara
* third-person singular/plural present indicative of darīt
* (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of darīt
* (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of darīt

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dara/
* Rhymes: -ara, -ra, -a
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”). Compare Tagalog dalaga.

#### Noun

dara (Jawi spelling دارا, informal 1st possessive daraku, 2nd possessive daramu, 3rd possessive daranya)
* maiden, virgin
    Synonyms: gadis, perawan
* virginity
    Synonym: keperawanan

##### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* kedaraan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
* perdaraan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* anak dara
* nyiur dara

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: dara

### Etymology 2

Possibly from Old Javanese dara, darā. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

dara (Jawi spelling دارا)
* pigeon (Columba domestica)
    Synonym: merpati

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: dara

### Further reading

* “dara” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic دَرَى (darā, “to know”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈda.ra/

### Verb

dara (imperfect jidra)
* to get used to (adapt to something new, make it customary)
* to become acquainted with (learn the basics of something new)

#### Conjugation
## Maranao
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq. Compare Ilocano dara, Pangasinan dala, Indonesian darah, Malagasy ra, Nauruan ara.

### Noun

dara
* blood
    Synonym: rogo'

### References

* A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

## Narua
### Noun

dara
* winter

## Nupe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dā.ɾá/

### Noun

dará (plural darázhì)
* tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica)
    Synonym: daráci

### References

* Roger Blench, Nupe Plants and Trees Their Names and Uses (2008)

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɑ.rɑ/

### Noun

dara
* nominative/accusative/genitive plural of daru

## Old Irish
### Etymology

Univerbation of tar (“over, across”) +‎ a (“his, her, its, their”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdara]

### Determiner

dara (triggers lenition in the meaning “his, its”, h-prothesis in the meaning “her”, and nasalization in the meaning “their”)
* over/across his/her/its/their

## Old Javanese

Other scripts :
| Kawi | |
| Javanese | ꦢꦫ |
| Balinese | |
| Roman | dara |

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪a.ra/
* Rhymes: -ra
* Homophones: dara, darā, dāra, ḍara, dhara
* Hyphenation: da‧ra

### Noun

dara
* Alternative spelling of darā (“pigeon; dove”)

### References

* "dara" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طاره (dara).

### Noun

dara f (plural darale)
* tare (empty weight of a container)

#### Declension
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish indala, from ind (“the”) + aile (“second, other”), from Proto-Celtic *alyos (compare Welsh ail), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (compare Latin alius, Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis)).

### Pronunciation

* (Uist) IPA: /ə ˈn̪ˠd̪arˠə/

### Numeral

an dara
* second
    Synonyms: dàrna, dala

#### Derived terms

* an dara cuid
* an dara pearsa

#### Related terms

* dà

### References

* ↑ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

dara (Cyrillic spelling дара)
* genitive singular of dar

## Shelta
### Etymology

Reversed and modified from the Irish arán.

### Noun

dara
* bread

#### References

* Language in Danger Andrew Dalby, 2003

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-dara (infinitive kudara)
* to touch

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -dara :
| Positive present | -nadara |
| Subjunctive | -dare |
| Negative | -dari |
| Imperative singular | dara |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kudara |
| Negative | kutodara |
Imperatives :
| Singular | dara |
| Plural | dareni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hudara |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lidara |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kudara |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tadara |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tadara |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sidare |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngedara |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singedara |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalidara |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalidara |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -medara |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshadara |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jadara |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kidara |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipodara |
| Consecutive | kadara / positive subject concord + -kadara |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kadare |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Reciprocal: -darana (“to touch each other”)

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /daˈɾa/ [d̪ɐˈɾa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: da‧ra

#### Noun

dará (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ)
* angry shout (usually accompanied with the stamping of feet)
* (obsolete) act of speaking a lot

##### Derived terms

* darahan
* dumara
* magdara
* magdarahan
* mandara
* palarara

##### See also

* dabog
* dada
* darag
* hiyaw
* kara
* sigaw

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈdaɾaʔ/ [ˈd̪aː.ɾɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -aɾaʔ
* Syllabification: da‧ra

#### Noun

darà (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ) (obsolete)
* argument through words

##### Derived terms

* ipagdara
* kadara
* magdara
* magkadara
* magpaladara
* makidara
* mapagdara
* mapagpadara
* padaraan
* pagdaraan
* pagkadara
* pakidaraan
* paladara

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈdaɾa/ [ˈd̪aː.ɾɐ]
* Rhymes: -aɾa
* Syllabification: da‧ra

#### Noun

dara (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ) (obsolete)
* rushing someone by yelling

##### Derived terms

* darahan
* dumara

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /daˈɾaʔ/ [d̪ɐˈɾaʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: da‧ra

#### Noun

darâ (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ) (obsolete)
* name of the Baybayin letter ᜇ, corresponding to "da" or "ra"

#### See also

* da
* ra

### Further reading

* “dara”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎ (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
* San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila
** page 211: “D) Dara (pc) anſi llaman eſtos [a la] D .|. dara yaon .|. ᜇ . Confunden la en la pronunciaçion q̃ ni ſe ſabe ſi es .d. o ſi es .r. y en la eſcritura eſpañola ya la escriuen con .d. ya con .r. la regla ſea q̃ ſi la raiz tiene dos .rr. la primera ſea .d. y la ſegunda .r. vi. darang, d.r, diril, durug . &c.”
** page 526: “Reñir) Dara (pp) de palabra ſin manos”
** page 532: “Riña) Dara (pp) de palabra [y no] de manos”

## Taroko
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

### Noun

dara
* blood
* menstrual blood

## Turkish
### Noun

dara (definite accusative darayı, plural daralar)
* tare

## Wanyi
### Noun

dara
* dog
    daramukunu — there are many dogs around

### References

* Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)

## Wolof
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

dara
* nothing

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1

From dá (“to be good”) +‎ ara (“body”).

#### Alternative forms

* dáa

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dá.ɾā/

#### Verb

dára
* to be good, fine, fair
    Kò dára kí a máa gbàgbé àṣà wa. ― It's not good for us to forget our culture.

##### Derived terms

* dáradára, dáadáa (“well”)

### Etymology 2

From dá (“to create”) +‎ àrà (“marvel; wonder”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dá.ɾà/

#### Verb

dárà
* to perform tricks
* to embellish; to decorate
    Tẹ́lẹ̀, mo máa ń dárà sí ilé. ― Before, I used to decorate homes.