# 詔

| 詔 | U+8A54, &#35412; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A54 |
| ← 詓 [U+8A53] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 評 → [U+8A55] |

## Translingual
### Han character

詔 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜口尸竹口 (YRSHR), four-corner 0766$_2$, composition ⿰訁召)

#### Derived characters

* 𠾓, 𧝨, 𱺈, 𥴜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1155, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35379
* Dae Jaweon: page 1620, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3959, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8A54

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 刀 | *taːw |
| 忉 | *taːw |
| 魛 | *taːw |
| 舠 | *taːw |
| 朷 | *taːw, *moːɡ |
| 叨 | *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw |
| 倒 | *taːwʔ, *taːws |
| 到 | *taːws |
| 菿 | *taːws, *rtaːwɢ |
| 鞀 | *deːw |
| 鳭 | *rteːw, *teːw |
| 灱 | *hreːw |
| 菬 | *sdew, *tjewʔ |
| 超 | *tʰew |
| 怊 | *tʰew, *tʰjew |
| 欩 | *tʰew |
| 召 | *dews, *djews |
| 昭 | *tjew |
| 招 | *tjew |
| 鉊 | *tjew |
| 沼 | *tjewʔ |
| 照 | *tjews |
| 詔 | *tjews |
| 炤 | *tjews |
| 弨 | *tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ |
| 眧 | *tʰjewʔ |
| 韶 | *djew |
| 佋 | *djew, *djewʔ |
| 軺 | *djew, *lew |
| 玿 | *djew |
| 柖 | *djew |
| 紹 | *djewʔ |
| 袑 | *djewʔ |
| 綤 | *djewʔ |
| 邵 | *djews |
| 劭 | *djews |
| 卲 | *djews |
| 刁 | *teːw |
| 芀 | *teːw, *deːw |
| 貂 | *teːw |
| 蛁 | *teːw |
| 迢 | *deːw |
| 苕 | *deːw |
| 髫 | *deːw |
| 岧 | *deːw |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjews): semantic 言 (“word; speech”) + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews)

### Etymology

Perhaps related to 召 (OC *dews, *djews, “to call; to summon”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhào (zhao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ziu$^3$ / ziu$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): seu / zeu
    (Hailu, HRS): shau$^ˇ$ / zhau$^ˇ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciéu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieo$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiàu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziao$^3$ / ziou$^3$ / riao$^3$ / riou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhào
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhào
*** Wade–Giles: chao$^4$
*** Yale: jàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaw
*** Palladius: чжао (čžao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ziu$^3$ / ziu$^6$
*** Yale: jiu / jiuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dziu$^3$ / dziu$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jiu$^3$ / jiu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːu̯³³/, /t͡siːu̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: seu / zeu
*** Hakka Romanization System: seu / zeu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: seu$^4$ / zeu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /seu̯⁵⁵/, /zeu̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shau$^ˇ$ / zhau$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃau¹¹/, /t͡ʃau¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciéu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɛu²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zieo$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ca̤̍u
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieu⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàu
*** Tâi-lô: tsiàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciaux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siau²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siau²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siau¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siau²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziao$^3$ / ziou$^3$ / riao$^3$ / riou$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàu / tsiòu / jiàu / jiòu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siau²¹³/, /t͡siou²¹³/, /d͡ziau²¹³/, /d͡ziou²¹³/
* ziao3/riao3 - Shantou;
* ziou3/riou3 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: tsyewH
Rime :
| Character | 詔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之少切 |
| Baxter | tsyewH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiᴇu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɛu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjæu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ciaw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiɛu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭɛu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ɛu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ziu$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*taw-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjews/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 詔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyew$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*taw-s/ |
| English | tell, announce |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 詔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2133 |
| Phonetic component | 刀 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 沼 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjews/ |

### Definitions

詔
* imperial decree
* to decree; to proclaim
* (historical) leader or king of non-Han peoples
    From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 4, part 20
    “Máng” shì qí jūn zhī hào, mán hū Máng zhào. [Pinyin]
    Mang​ is the formal title of their leader; the Barbarians call him the zhao of Mang.

### Compounds

* 下詔 / 下诏 (xiàzhào)
* 丹詔 / 丹诏
* 優詔 / 优诏
* 先帝遺詔 / 先帝遗诏
* 六詔 / 六诏
* 南詔 / 南诏 (Nánzhào)
* 口詔 / 口诏
* 哀詔 / 哀诏 (āizhào)
* 奉詔 / 奉诏 (fèngzhào)
* 宣詔 / 宣诏
* 密詔 / 密诏 (mìzhào)
* 待詔 / 待诏 (dàizhào)
* 得詔 / 得诏 (dézhào)
* 恩詔 / 恩诏
* 應詔 / 应诏 (yìngzhào)
* 手詔 / 手诏
* 批詔 / 批诏
* 明詔 / 明诏
* 矯詔 / 矫诏 (jiǎozhào)
* 終戰詔書 / 终战诏书
* 罪己詔 / 罪己诏 (zuìjǐzhào)
* 草詔 / 草诏 (cǎozhào)
* 蠟詔 / 蜡诏
* 衣帶詔 / 衣带诏
* 被詔輒成 / 被诏辄成
* 詔令 / 诏令 (zhàolìng)
* 詔安 / 诏安 (Zhào'ān)
* 詔旨 / 诏旨 (zhàozhǐ)
* 詔書 / 诏书 (zhàoshū)
* 詔板 / 诏板
* 詔獄 / 诏狱
* 詔策 / 诏策
* 詔諭 / 诏谕
* 遺詔 / 遗诏 (yízhào)
* 降詔 / 降诏 (jiàngzhào)
* 頒詔 / 颁诏
* 鳳詔 / 凤诏
* 墨詔 / 墨诏

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 詔(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 조(詔) (jo)
* → Vietnamese: chiếu (詔)
Others:
* → Manchu: ᠵᠣᠣ (joo)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “诏”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 304.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* imperial decree; imperial edict

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kun: みことのり (mikotonori, 詔, Jōyō)、つげる (tsugeru, 詔げる)
* Nanori: さとし (satoshi)

#### Compounds

* 詔(しょう)書(しょ) (shōsho)
* 詔(しょう)勅(ちょく) (shōchoku)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 詔
* しょう Grade: S
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕo̞ː]

#### Noun

詔(しょう) • (shō)
* imperial edict

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 詔
* みことのり Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 勅

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みことのり [mìkótónórí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mʲiko̞to̞no̞ɾʲi]

#### Noun

詔(みことのり) • (mikotonori)
* imperial edict

##### Usage notes

This is one of only four everyday kanji with a five-mora reading, and one of only two nouns. The only other kanji with five-mora readings are 承 in the verb 承(うけたまわ)る (uketamawaru), 慮 in the verb 慮(おもんぱか)る (omonpakaru), and 志(こころざし) (kokorozashi). No kanji in common use has a six- or more mora reading. (Also see 謀(はかりごと) (hakarigoto))
The unusually long reading is due to it representing a triple compound word, analyzed as 御(み)言(こと)宣(のり) (mikotonori), yielding 1+2+2=5.

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

詔 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

詔: Hán Nôm readings: chiếu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.