# 笄

| 笄 | U+7B04, &#31492; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B04 |
| ← 笃 [U+7B03] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 笅 → [U+7B05] |

## Translingual
### Han character

笄 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹一廿 (HMT), four-corner 8844$_1$, composition ⿱𥫗开)

#### Derived characters

* 䗗, 𨲡, 𱈸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 878, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25862
* Dae Jaweon: page 1306, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2949, character 9
* Unihan data for U+7B04

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 笄 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 笄 | *kŋeː |
| 枅 | *kŋeː |
| 蚈 | *kŋeː, *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 羿 | *ŋeːs |
| 栞 | *ŋ̊ʰaːn |
| 雃 | *ŋaːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 詽 | *ŋreːn, *tŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 揅 | *ŋeːn |
| 幵 | *kŋeːn |
| 鳽 | *kŋeːn, *ŋeːn, *ŋ̊ʰreːŋ, *ŋreːɡ |
| 豣 | *kŋeːn, *ŋeːns |
| 麉 | *kŋeːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 趼 | *kŋeːnʔ, *ŋeːn, *ŋeːns |
| 汧 | *ŋ̊ʰeːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːns |
| 岍 | *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 研 | *ŋɡeːn, *ŋeːns |
| 妍 | *ŋeːn |
| 訮 | *hŋeːn |
| 鈃 | *ɡeːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kŋeː): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn). See also the top component of 每.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jī (ji$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gai$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): giĕ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ge$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ke
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jī
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ji
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$
*** Yale: jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gai$^1$
*** Yale: gāi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐi̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /kie⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ge$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ke⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke
*** Tâi-lô: ke
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ke⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ke³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ke⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ke⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ke⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kej
Rime :
| Character | 笄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 古奚切 |
| Baxter | kej |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kei/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kei/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɛi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɛj/ |
| Li Rong | /kei/ |
| Wang Li | /kiei/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kiei/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤer/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kŋeː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 笄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kej › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁer/ (dialect: *-r > *-j) |
| English | hpaililraprin |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 笄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6152 |
| Phonetic component | 幵 |
| Rime group | 支 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 雞 |
| Old Chinese | /*kŋeː/ |

### Definitions

笄
* (historical) hairpin of women, perhaps made of bamboo
* (historical, of a woman) to become an adult at age 15 and start wearing a hairpin

### Compounds

* 副笄
* 加笄
* 及笄 (jíjī)
* 弱笄
* 既笄
* 磨笄
* 笄丱
* 笄冠
* 笄字
* 笄年
* 笄禮 / 笄礼
* 編笄 / 编笄
* 香笄腳 / 香笄脚
* 驢生笄角 / 驴生笄角
* 骨笄

### References

* “笄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 302.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “笄”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 98.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
* Kun: こうがい (kōgai)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 笄
* こうがい Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞ːɡa̠i]

### Noun

笄(こうがい) • (kōgai)
* tapered hairpin with a flat end used to put up hair
* square hair stick used as a structural element in women's hairstyles
* a sword accessory in the shape of a tapered hair-pin, used as a grooming tool
* Clipping of 笄髷 (kōgai-wage, “an Edo period women's hairstyle”).