# berg
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /bɜːɡ/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /bɝɡ/
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ɡ

### Etymology 1

Clipping of iceberg.

#### Noun

berg (plural bergs)
* An iceberg.
** 1997, David J. Rugh with Kim E.W. Shelden, “Spotted Seals, Phoca Largha, in Alaska”, in Marine Fisheries Review, volume 59, number 1, page 1:The ice was thin, and only a few areas had bergs large enough to support marine mammals.

##### Derived terms

* bergfield
* earthberg
* fatberg
* floeberg

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Afrikaans berg. Doublet of barrow and bergh.

#### Noun

berg (plural bergs)
* (chiefly South Africa) A mountain.
** 2004, Alan Goldfein, “A Wonderful Drive”, in Europe's Macadam, America's Tar: How America Really Compares to "Old Europe"‎, American Editions, →ISBN, page 46:There are in fact many such subterranean underways in Germany, speeding traffic beneath bergs, burgs and villages and into and around and under big city downtowns ...

##### Derived terms

* bergfall
* bergwind

### Related terms

* iceberg
* bergshrund

### Anagrams

* Greb, gerb

## Afrikaans
### Etymology 1

From Dutch berg.

#### Noun

berg (plural berge, diminutive bergie)
* mountain

##### Derived terms

* bergreeks

##### Descendants

* → English: berg

### Etymology 2

From Dutch bergen.

#### Verb

berg (present berg, present participle bergende, past participle geberg)
* To salvage, usually cargo from a ship.
* To store; to stash; to put away.

##### Synonyms

* bêre

##### Derived terms

* bergloon
* bergplek

## Danish
### Etymology

From Norwegian berg, from Old Norse berg. Also from German Berg.

### Noun

berg n (singular definite berget, plural indefinite berge)
* (chiefly Norway) alternative form of bjerg (“mountain, hill”)
** 1907, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, edited by Moltke Moe, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons fortællinger, page 185:han [så] manden […] kjøre gjennom bragende ildsluer ind i det åbne berget, der stod over ham som en port.he [saw] the man […] drive through crackling fires into the open mountain, which stood over him like a gate.

#### Descendants

* Norwegian Bokmål: berg

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛrx/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: berg
* Rhymes: -ɛrx

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch berch, from Old Dutch berg, from Proto-West Germanic *berg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.

#### Noun

berg m (plural bergen, diminutive bergje n)
* mountain, hill
* (figurative) a large amount, a pile; a stock, reserve; a surplus

##### Derived terms

* bergachtig
* bergaf
* bergafwaarts
* bergbeekeend
* bergbeklimmer
* bergbewoner
* bergdorp
* bergeend
* bergfort
* berggeest
* berggeit
* berggod
* berggodin
* berghelling
* berghoen
* bergijs
* bergketen
* bergklassement
* bergkraai
* bergkristal
* bergleeuw
* berglijster
* berglook
* bergman
* bergnimf
* bergop
* bergopwaarts
* bergpad
* bergpas
* bergreeks
* bergreus
* bergrijst
* bergrit
* bergrug
* bergsteentijm
* bergstof
* bergstok
* bergteer
* bergtop
* bergvesting
* bergvlas
* bergvrede
* bergvrouw
* bergweide
* bergwerker
* bergzout
* gebergte
* gouden bergen beloven
* steenberg
* tafelberg
* wijnberg
* bergroede
* boterberg
* hooiberg
* ijsberg
* schuldenberg
* vetberg
* zandberg
* Aan de Berg
* Aan de Bergen
* Aasterberg
* Achterberg
* Albergen
* Alsemberg
* Beekbergen
* Belsberg
* Benedenberg
* Berg
* Berg aan de Maas
* Berg en Dal
* Bergakker
* Bergambacht
* Bergeijk
* Bergen
* Bergen aan Zee
* Bergen op Zoom
* Bergendries
* Bergenhuizen
* Bergerden
* Bergharen
* Berghem
* Berghof
* Berghuizen
* Beusbergen
* Beuseberg
* Blankenberge
* Blauberg
* Blekkenberg
* Bloemberg
* Bolberg
* Bolderberg
* Bolenberg
* Bouwberg
* Boxbergheide
* Braamberg
* Caberg
* Destelbergen
* Dolberg
* Driebergen-Rijsenburg
* Duinbergen
* Eibergen
* Emmaberg
* Engsbergen
* Ertsberg
* Etsberg
* Everberg
* Fluitenberg
* Frezenberg
* Fromberg
* Galgenberg
* Geertruidenberg
* Genenberg
* Geraardsbergen
* Gerkenberg
* Gramsbergen
* Grasberg
* Grembergen
* Grevenberg
* Grimbergen
* Grotenberge
* Haaksbergen
* Hardenberg
* Hasseberg
* Havelterberg
* Heeserbergen
* Heist-op-den-Berg
* Hertsberge
* Homberg
* Houwenberg
* Huijbergen
* Huldenberg
* Hulsberg
* Hussenberg
* Kaffeberg
* Kalenberg
* Katsberg
* Keerbergen
* Keiberg
* Keutenberg
* Kleeberg
* Kluisbergen
* Kortenberg
* Kosberg
* Kreitsberg
* Kronenberg
* Kruisberg
* Kukkelberg
* Kunderberg
* Ledeberg
* Lemberge
* Loksbergen
* Luttenberg
* Maarsbergen
* Mariënberg
* Molsberg
* Muiderberg
* Nederhorst den Berg
* Oombergen
* Oomsberg
* Oudsbergen
* Overberg
* Pellenberg
* Pottelberg
* Pottenberg
* Ransberg
* Rijsbergen
* 's-Heerenberg
* Schaarsbergen
* Schaesberg
* Schilberg
* Schurenberg
* Schweiberg
* Senselberg
* Sint Odiliënberg
* Sint-Amandsberg
* Sint-Jansberg
* Sint-Winoksbergen
* Snauwenberg
* Snijdersberg
* Soesterberg
* Spiesberg
* Stadenberg
* Steenbergen
* Struikberg
* Tempelberg
* Tubbergen
* Ubachsberg
* Ubbergen
* Uitbergen
* Vaalserberg
* Vosseberg
* Wagenberg
* Wamberg
* Wauberg
* Welberg
* Woudenberg
* Zandberg
* Zandbergen
* Zeelberg
* Zeilberg
* Zevenbergen
* Zilverberg
* Zwartberg

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: berg
** → English: berg
* Berbice Creole Dutch: berki
* Jersey Dutch: bêrix
* Negerhollands: berg, bergi
** → Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi
* → Aukan: beligi
* → Sranan Tongo: bergi
** → Caribbean Javanese: bérgi

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

berg
* inflection of bergen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse berg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.

### Noun

berg n (genitive singular bergs, plural berg)
* cliff, cliff face

#### Related terms

* fjall
* tindur
* brekka
* brattur

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse berg.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛrk/
* Rhymes: -ɛrk

### Noun

berg n (genitive singular bergs, nominative plural berg)
* rock, boulder
* cliff, precipice
* mountain
* rock face

#### Derived terms

* af erlendu bergi brotinn
* bergá
* bergásýnd
* bergbuna
* bergblóm
* bergbuna
* bergbursti
* bergbúi
* bergbrún
* bergbringur
* bergdanir
* bergtegund
* bergtekinn
* bergtjara
* bergtindur
* bergtollur
* bergtröll
* standberg
* völuberg

## Limburgish
### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch berch.

#### Alternative forms

* Berg, bérg, bärg (alternative spellings)
* Bärrech (Eupen)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbæ˨.ʀəç/, [ˈbæː˨.ʀəç]
* Hyphenation: berg
* Rhymes: -æʀəç

#### Noun

berg m
* (geography) mountain, hill (refers to any elevated terrain)
* (figuratively) pile, heap
* (in the plural) mountain range

##### Derived terms

* bergaaf
* bergavesj
* bergbeklömmer
* bergboom
* bergdörp
* bergechteg
* bergfort
* berggeet
* bergies
* bergkrèstal
* bergliew
* bergloope
* bergop
* bergpaad
* bergreveer
* bergrippubliek
* bergrögk
* bergspleet
* bergsport
* bergstèlsel
* bergwaeg
* bergwand
* bergwei
* sjteeberg
* wiengberg

### Etymology 2

From earlier barg (with an umlaut on the root vowel). From Proto-West Germanic *barug, from Proto-Germanic *barugaz.

#### Alternative forms

* Berg, bérg, bärg (alternative spellings)
* bèrg (Voeren, and other dialects)
* barg (Roermond)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbæ˧.ʀəç/, [ˈbæː˧.ʀəç]
* Hyphenation: berg
* Rhymes: -æʀəç

#### Noun

berg m
* (some dialects, including Maastrichtian, Sittard, Valkenburg) a castrated pig, swine

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbæ˦.ʀəç/, [ˈbæː˦.ʀəç]
* Hyphenation: berg
* Rhymes: -æʀəç

#### Noun

berg
* nominative/genitive/dative/accusative plural of berg
* (archaic) accusative singular of berg

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* berȝ, berȝe

### Etymology

From Old English ġebeorg (unprefixed beorg is found in compounds; compare scūrbeorg (“roof, shelter from the storm”)), from beorgan (“to shelter, protect”).

### Noun

berg
* protection, shelter
* guardian, watchman

#### References

* “berg, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-04.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse berg, bjarg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz. Related to berge (“rescue, bring to shore/land”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛɾɡ/, [bæɾɡ]

#### Noun

berg n (definite singular berget, indefinite plural berg, definite plural berga or bergene)
* mountain, hill
* rock

##### Derived terms

* bergart
* berggrunn
* berggylt
* bergmann
* bergstad
* bergvegg
* bergverk

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

berg
* imperative of berge

### References

* “berg” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛrɡ/, [bærɡ], [bæɾˠɡ], [bæɾɡ]
* (South Eastern Norway) IPA: /bɛrj/, [bæɾj]

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse berg, bjarg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz.

#### Noun

berg n (definite singular berget, indefinite plural berg, definite plural berga)
* mountain, hill
* rock

##### Derived terms

* bergart
* berggrunn
* berggylte
* bergmann
* bergstad
* bergvegg
* bergverk

### Etymology 2

Doublet of bjørg, from Old Norse bjǫrg.

#### Noun

berg f (definite singular berga, indefinite plural berger, definite plural bergene)
* help, saving, salvation

##### Related terms

Male given names:
* Arnberg
* Audberg
* Berg
* Berge
* Bergfinn
* Bergleiv
* Bergljot
* Bergmund
* Bergolv, Bergulv
* Bergstein
* Bergsvein
* Bergtor
* Bergvid
* Finnberg
* Gudberg
* Hallberg
* Hildeberg
* Holmberg
* Ingeberg
* Kjellberg
* Oddberg
* Sigberg
* Solberg
* Steinberg
* Svanberg
* Sveinberg
* Sæberg
* Torberg
* Valberg
* Vigberg
* Vilberg
* Åsberg
Female given names:
* Bergdis
* Bergfrid
* Berghild
* Berglaug
* Bergljot
* Bergny
* Bergrun
* Bergtora
* Bergtrud
* Bergveig
* Bergøy

### References

* “berg” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *berg.

### Noun

berg m
* mountain, hill

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: berch
** Dutch: berg
*** Afrikaans: berg
**** → English: berg
*** Berbice Creole Dutch: berki
*** Jersey Dutch: bêrix
*** Negerhollands: berg, bergi
**** → Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi
*** → Aukan: beligi
*** → Sranan Tongo: bergi
**** → Caribbean Javanese: bérgi
** Limburgish: berg

#### Further reading

* “berg”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old English
### Noun

berg m
* Alternative form of bearg

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *berg.

### Noun

berg m (plural berga)
* mountain, hill

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: bërc
** Alemannic German: Bäärg, Bärg, Bèèrg, Bërg
** Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: pèrge
    Mòcheno: pèrg
** Central Franconian: Berch
    Eifel: Bersch
    Hunsrik: Berrich
** East Central German: Barg (Erzgebirgisch)
** German: Berg
** Luxembourgish: Bierg
** Pennsylvania German: Barig
** Yiddish: באַרג (barg)

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* bjarg

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bergą, *bergaz.

### Noun

berg n
* rock, boulder
* cliff, precipice

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: berg, bjarg
* Faroese: berg, bjarg, bjørg
* Norwegian: berg
** → Danish: berg (also from German)
*** Norwegian Bokmål: berg
* Elfdalian: bjärr, bjärg-, bjärgs-, bjärrs-
* Old Swedish: biærgh, bærgh
** Swedish: berg
* Old Danish: biargh, biærgh, bærgh
** Scanian: bjærğ
** Danish: bjerg
*** Norwegian Bokmål: bjerg
* Gutnish: berg, bjerg, bjerr
* → Scots: berg

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “berg”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* berag

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *berg.

### Noun

berg m
* mountain, hill

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: berch, barg
** Low German: Barg, Bårg, Baarg, Berg
*** German Low German: Barg
** Plautdietsch: Boajch

## Romanian
### Adjective

berg m or n (feminine singular bergă, masculine plural bergi, feminine and neuter plural berge)
* Obsolete form of berc.

#### Declension
### References

* berg in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse bjarg, berg, from Proto-Germanic *bergaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛrj/, [bærj] (Standard Swedish; not Småland and Scania)
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

berg n
* a mountain
    De besteg bergetThey climbed the mountain
* (figuratively) a mountain (very large heap, pile, or amount more generally)
    ett berg av pappera mountain of paper
* rock, bedrock
    Man har borrat genom berget i jakt på rikedomPeople have drilled through the rock in search of riches
    eld i berget!fire in the hole!(literally, “fire in the rock!”)warning cry that an explosive charge has been ignited in a mine

#### Derived terms

* berg-och-dal-bana
* bergakung
* bergart
* bergbana
* bergbestigare
* bergbestigning
* bergborr
* bergborrning
* bergbrant
* bergbäck
* bergfast
* bergfink
* bergformation
* berggrund
* berggylta
* berghylla
* berghäll
* bergig
* bergighet
* bergis
* bergkam
* bergknalle
* bergkristall
* berglager
* berglandskap
* berglärka
* bergmassiv
* bergmästare
* bergochdalbana
* bergolja
* bergplatå
* bergras
* bergrum
* bergrygg
* bergsbestigare
* bergsbestigning
* bergsbo
* bergsbrant
* bergsbruk
* bergsby
* bergsbäck
* bergsfolk
* bergsformation
* bergsgorilla
* bergshantering
* bergshylla
* bergshöjd
* bergsida
* bergsingenjör
* bergsjö
* bergskam
* bergskedja
* bergsklyfta
* bergsklättrare
* bergsklättring
* bergsknalle
* bergskreva
* bergskrön
* bergslag
* bergslandskap
* bergslejon
* bergsluttning
* bergsman
* bergsmassiv
* bergsområde
* bergspass
* bergsplatå
* bergspredikan
* bergspring
* bergsprängare
* bergsprängning
* bergsrygg
* bergsråd
* bergssal
* bergssida
* bergsskreva
* bergssluttning
* bergsstaten
* bergstopp
* bergstrakt
* bergsträckning
* bergsvetenskap
* bergsväg
* bergsvägg
* bergsäker
* bergtagen
* bergtall
* bergtopp
* bergtorsk
* bergtroll
* bergtunga
* bergtäkt
* berguv
* bergvägg
* bergvärme
* bergås
* fläskberg
* fågelberg
* ostberg
* sitta som berget
* smörberg
* urberg

#### See also

* fjäll

### References

* berg in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* berg in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* berg in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)