# dur
## English
### Etymology 1

From German Dur, from Latin dūrus (“hard, firm, vigorous”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duːɹ/

#### Adjective

dur (not comparable)
* (music, obsolete) Major; in the major mode.
    C dur

#### Further reading

* “dur”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “dur”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /də(ɹ)/

#### Interjection

dur
* Alternative form of duh (“indicating stupidity etc.”)
** 2015, Liberty Kratz-Gullickson, Write Like a Girl, page 29:"Well, dur. I'm not that stupid, I knew that."

#### See also

* dur-brain

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

dur (plural dur or durs)
* (Belize, slang) A marijuana dealer.
** 2023 June 13, Jules Vasquez, “Who Put Marybeth's Fraudulent Approval on Chester's Desk?”, in 7 News Belize‎:He began to tell me that Marybeth is accused or it is alleged she is one of the dur in Crooked Tree.

### Anagrams

* Urd, rud, urd, Rud, RUD, Dru

## Aragonese
### Alternative forms

* duro

### Etymology

Akin to Catalan dur, from Latin dūrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdu(ɾ)/
* Rhymes: -u(ɾ)
* Syllabification: dur

### Adjective

dur (plural durs)
* hard

### References

* “duro”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دور (dūr).

### Adjective

dur (comparative daha dur, superlative ən dur)
* (Classical Azerbaijani) far

### Further reading

* “dur” in Obastan.com.

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈdu]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈduɾ]
* Rhymes: -u(ɾ)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin dūrus.

#### Adjective

dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)
* hard (resistant to pressure)
    Antonym: tou
* difficult
    Synonym: difícil
    Antonym: fàcil

##### Derived terms

* aigua dura
* anar dur
* cap dur
* disc dur
* durament
* durbec
* duròmetre
* endurir
* ou dur
* pell dura

##### Related terms

* duresa
* durícia

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin dūcere, from Proto-Italic *doukō, from Proto-Indo-European *déwketi, from the root *dewk-.

#### Verb

dur (first-person singular present duc, first-person singular preterite duguí, past participle dut)
* (transitive) to carry
    Synonym: portar
* (transitive) to bring
    Synonym: portar

##### Conjugation

In Balearic, second person plural present indicative is duis, first person plural present indicative is duim.

##### Derived terms

* dur a plaça
* dur a terme

##### Related terms

* abduir
* conduir
* deduir
* duta
* eduir
* induir
* introduir
* produir
* reduir
* seduir
* subduir
* traduir

### Further reading

* “dur” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “dur”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “dur” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “dur” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Dur.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdur]
* Hyphenation: dur

### Noun

dur n (indeclinable)
* (music) major

## Dalmatian
### Alternative forms

* duor

### Etymology

From Latin dāre.

### Verb

dur (first-person singular present da, past participle dut)
* to give

## Danish
### Etymology

From German Dur, from Latin durus (“hard”).

### Noun

dur
* (music) major

#### Antonyms

* mol

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dūrus.

### Adjective

dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures) (ORB, broad)
* hard
    Antonym: dox

### References

* dur in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* dur in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”).

### Pronunciation

* (Europe) IPA: /dyʁ/
* (Canada) IPA: /d͡zʏʁ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -yʁ

### Adjective

dur (feminine dure, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)
* hard, tough (difficult to penetrate)
* hard (not soft)
* hard, tough (not easy, difficult)
* harsh (e.g. harsh conditions)
* (art) harsh (of a penstroke)

#### Derived terms

* à la dure
* avoir la peau dure
* avoir la vie dure
* croire dur comme fer
* c’est quand le jeu devient dur que les durs commencent à jouer
* disque dur
* drogue dure
* dur à cuire
* dur de la feuille
* dur d’oreille
* dur en affaires
* durement
* dureté
* eau dure
* en dur
* palais dur
* pur et dur
* science dure
* signe dur

### Adverb

dur
* hard
    travailler dur ― to work hard

### Noun

dur m (plural durs)
* firmness, solidity

### Noun

dur m (plural durs, feminine dure)
* hard case (tough person)

### Further reading

* “dur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* dru

## Interlingua
### Adjective

dur (comparative plus dur, superlative le plus dur)
* hard, not soft

### References

* ↑ Sexton, B. C. (2019) English-Interlingua: A Basic Vocabulary‎, Union Mundial pro Interlingua, →ISBN, retrieved 2020-11-20

## Kalasha
### Etymology

From Sanskrit द्वार (dvāra), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”).

### Noun

dur (Arabic دوُر)
* house
    Synonyms: abádi, khatumán, ku, kuš
* door

## Latvian
### Verb

dur
* inflection of durt:
** second/third-person singular present indicative
** third-person plural present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
* (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of durt
* (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of durt

## Lombard
### Alternative forms

* dür (Modern orthography)

### Etymology

From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

### Pronunciation

* (Milan) IPA: /dyːr/

### Adjective

dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine and feminine plural dur) (Classical Milanese orthography)
* hard
* tough, harsh
* stringy (of food)

### References

* Francesco Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, Volume 2, 1843, p. 58

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”). Attested from the 12th century.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural duras)
* hard (resistant to pressure)
* difficult

#### Derived terms

* durament

#### Related terms

* duretat

### References

* ↑ Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 211.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdur/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ur
* Syllabification: dur

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *durь.

#### Noun

dur m inan
* typhus (any of several similar diseases, characterized by high recurrent fever, caused by Rickettsia bacteria)
    Synonym: tyfus
    dur brzuszny ― typhoid fever
    dur plamisty ― epidemic typhus
    dur powrotny ― relapsing fever
    dur rzekomy ― paratyphoid fever
* (literary) daze, stupor, befuddlement (state of confusion caused by some strong stimulus, such as love)
    Synonym: zamroczenie

##### Related terms

* durny
* dureń
* durzyć impf

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Dur.

#### Noun

dur m inan (indeclinable, related adjective durowy)
* (music) major (scale)
    Synonym: major
    Antonyms: minor, moll

#### Adjective

dur (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (music) major (scale)
    Synonyms: durowy, major, majorowy
    Antonyms: minor, minorowy, moll, mollowy

### Further reading

* dur I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dur II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dur in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romani
### Etymology

From Sanskrit दूर (dūrá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s, from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Hindi दूर (dūr), Bengali দূর (dur), Kamkata-viri bādūř, Persian دور (dur).

### Adverb

dur
* far

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French dur, Latin dūrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dur/

### Adjective

dur m or n (feminine singular dură, masculine plural duri, feminine and neuter plural dure)
* hard, tough
    Synonym: tare
* rough, harsh, severe
    Synonyms: aspru, sever

#### Related terms

* duritate

## Slovak
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Dur, which is based on Latin durus (“hard”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dur]

### Noun

dur m inan or n (relational adjective durový)
* (music) major scale

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Králik, Ľubor (2016) “dur”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 139

### Further reading

* “dur”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Sursurunga
### Adjective

dur
* dirty

### Further reading

* Sursurunga Organised Phonology Data (2011)
* Don Hutchisson, Sursurunga grammar essentials (1975)

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ʉːr

### Noun

dur c
* (music) major scale

#### Related terms

* durackord
* durskala
* durton
* durtonard

### References

* dur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (8th ed., 1923)

## Turkish
### Verb

dur
* second-person singular imperative of durmak

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh dur, from Proto-Brythonic *dʉr, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /dɨːr/
* (South Wales) IPA: /diːr/
* Rhymes: -ɨːr
* Homophone: dir (South Wales)

### Noun

dur m (uncountable)
* steel

### Adjective

dur (feminine singular dur, plural dur, not comparable)
* (made of) steel
* (figurative) steely, hard, cruel

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dur”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies