# 直

| 直 | U+76F4, &#30452; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F4 |
| ← 盳 [U+76F3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 盵 → [U+76F5] |
| 直 | U+FAA8, &#64168; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA8 |
| ← 盛 [U+FAA7] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 睊 → [U+FAA9] |
| 直 | U+2F940, &#194880; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F940 |
| ← 䀈 [U+2F93F] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 𥃳 → [U+2F941] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: both Simplified and Traditional do not have a left vertical stroke, while the orthodox form does; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in the orthodox they are separated – this last difference is shared with unrelated characters 真 and 具. The older form and stroke order are officially used in Japan and South Korea but an alternative writing in other countries.

### Han character

| Traditional | 直 |
| Simplified | 直 |
| Japanese | 直 |
| Korean | 直 |
直 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 4071$_6$, composition ⿱十⿴𠀃三(GH) or ⿱𠂇⿴𠀃三(TV) or ⿱𠂇⿺𠃊目(JK))

#### Derived characters

* 値, 值, 𠶗, 埴, 𡸜, 𢃜, 𢏶, 徝, 㥀, 㨁, 淔, 植, 殖, 𤊧, 犆, 禃, 䐈, 稙, 𫌁, 𡖻, 𨁷, 𫒦, 𥊣, 𫗾, 𫤁, 𤣡
* 𬑚, 𪧡, 𧡚, 𭅨, 𥊢, 𭅬, 真, 𡌴, 悳, 惪, 嗭, 𫹦, 矗, 𡸽, 𣇣, 𠁆, 置, 𠍜, 𥮖, 𪠋, 𭼔

#### See also

* 具

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 800, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
* Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 61, character 7
* Unihan data for U+76F4
* Unihan data for U+FAA8
* Unihan data for U+2F940

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 直 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 置 | *tɯɡs |
| 值 | *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ |
| 植 | *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ |
| 埴 | *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ |
| 惪 | *tɯːɡ |
| 德 | *tɯːɡ |
| 稙 | *tɯɡ |
| 淔 | *tʰɯɡ |
| 直 | *dɯɡ |
| 犆 | *dɯɡ |
| 殖 | *djɯɡ |
Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 目 (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead. Then, a black dot was drawn inside the vertical stroke and this point later became a horizontal stroke (hence getting a shape similar to 十).
The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.
A conservative version is used inside the character 𢛳 (> 德), while the modern version is used inside its variant 惪. Unrelated to 具 and 真.

### Etymology
#### "simply; only"

    According to Schuessler (2007), cognate with 特 (OC *dɯːɡ, “single”). Also compare Darmiya taku (“one”).

#### "straight; right"

    According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”), which also includes 正 (OC *tjeŋ, “first (lunar month)”), 正 (OC *tjeŋs, “straight; correct”), 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “government; rule”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”). Cognates include Tibetan ཏིག་ཏིག (tig tig, “certainly”), Mizo dik (“correct”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-d(y)ak (“truly; very; intensitive”), whence Burmese တက်တက် (taktak, “very, completely”) and Burmese တျက်တျက် (tyaktyak, “almost, quite”). An allofam is probably 德 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### “heterosexual”

    Semantic loan from English straight.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhí (zhi$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җы (žɨ, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zik$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zet$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ciit$^7$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t
    (Hailu, HRS): chid$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ced$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zeh$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): dā̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): dĭk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dih$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ti̍t / te̍k / tia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dig$^8$ / dêg$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zeq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$
*** Yale: jŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
*** Palladius: чжи (čži)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җы (žɨ, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^6$
*** Yale: jihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zet$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡set̚³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ciit$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɨt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciid
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chid$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰit²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ced$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zeh$^5$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dā̤
*** Sinological IPA : /tɛ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭk
*** Sinological IPA : /tiʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dih$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: di̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /tiʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dih$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t
*** Tâi-lô: ti̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dit
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tit̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /tit̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ti̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dek
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
* Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
** ti̍t - vernacular (“straight; straightforward; simple and frank; constantly; settled; a simple kind of board game”);
** tia̍k/te̍k - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit直 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃz̩⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sz̩²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sz̩³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sz̩²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡səʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡zei²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɨʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰət̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sek̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sek̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sɐk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tik̚⁵/ /tit̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tiʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔdit̚³/ /t͡sek̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: drik
Rime :
| Character | 直 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 除力切 |
| Baxter | drik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-t<r>ək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*dɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 直 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drik › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-t<r>ək/ |
| English | straight |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 直 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17269 |
| Phonetic component | 直 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 直 |
| Old Chinese | /*dɯɡ/ |
| Notes | 金文象目測枉材以取直而會意 |

### Definitions

直
* straight; linear; undeviating
    Antonyms: 彎 / 弯 (wān), 彎曲 / 弯曲 (wānqū), 攣 / 挛 (Cantonese)
    直線／直线 ― zhíxiàn ― straight line
* to straighten
       Tā zhí qǐ yāo lái, shǒu bèi zài hòumiàn. [Pinyin]
       He straightened up, hands on his back.
* vertical; upright; erect; perpendicular
       Zhè ge dàtáng zhí lǐ yǒu bā mǐ, héng lǐ yǒu shí mǐ. [Pinyin]
       This hall is 8 meters in length and 10 meters in width.
* honest; fair; just; upright
    正直 ― zhèngzhí ― upright
* straightforward; forthright; frank
    直說／直说 ― zhíshuō ― to speak directly
* directly; straight
    直去 ― zhí qù ― to go directly to
* stiff; numb
       Jīntiān tài lěng le, shuāngshǒu dòng zhí le. [Pinyin]
       Today's so cold, my two hands are frozen numb.
* constantly; continuously
    他氣得直哆嗦。／他气得直哆嗦。 ― Tā qì de zhí duōsuō. ― He continuously trembled with rage.
    直直 [Hokkien] ― ti̍t-ti̍t [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― continuously
* simply; just; only
    Synonym: 只
    簡直／简直 ― jiǎnzhí ― simply; utterly
       Tā húnshēn tòng dé zhí xiàng bèi rén zòu le yī dùn. [Pinyin]
       His whole body hurt just like he's taken a beating.
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Zhí bù bǎi bù ěr, shì yì zǒu yě. [Pinyin]
    They just did not run a hundred paces; yet they also ran away.
* (Hokkien) simple and frank; without scruples or misgivings (in one's temperament, speech, or actions)
* (Hokkien) settled; clear; brought to an end
       Lí chit tiâu siàu iáu-bē ti̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       This account of yours hasn't been settled yet.
* (Mainland China Hokkien) a simple kind of board game similar to Go
* (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
* (slang) straight; heterosexual
    Antonyms: 彎 / 弯 (wān), 攣 / 挛 (Cantonese)
    順直／顺直 ― shùnzhí ― cishet
* (historical) Short for 直隸／直隶 (Zhílì, “Zhili”).
    直系軍閥／直系军阀 ― Zhí xì jūnfá ― the Zhili faction (of the Beiyang warlords)
    直皖戰爭／直皖战争 ― Zhí Wǎn zhànzhēng ― Zhili–Anhui War
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 值 (“to be worth”)
    From: 《九章算術》 (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art), 衰分 (Proportional distribution)
    Jīn yǒu bù yī pǐ, jiàzhí yībǎi èrshíwǔ. [Pinyin]
    Now there exists one piece of cloth; its value is worth one hundred twenty-five.
* (Cantonese, slang, figurative) dead
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 豎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 豎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 豎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 豎, 順, 立 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 豎, 立 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 豎, 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 豎, 直 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 豎 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 豎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掂, 戙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 直, 掂, 戙 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 掂, 直 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 敦, 直 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 直 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 豎 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 直 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 直, 徛 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 徛 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 徛, 直 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 直, 豎 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 豎 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 敦, 直 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 敦, 直 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 豎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 豎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 豎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 豎兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 豎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 豎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 豎兒, 直 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 豎兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 豎兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 豎兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 豎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 豎兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 豎兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 豎 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 豎兒, 豎, 直 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 豎兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 豎, 直 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 豎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 豎兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 豎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 豎 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 豎 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 豎兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 豎 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 豎兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 豎兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 豎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 豎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 豎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 豎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 豎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 直道兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 豎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 豎, 直 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 豎, 直 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 豎, 直 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 豎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 豎 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 豎, 直 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 豎兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 豎, 直 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 豎, 直 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 豎, 直 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 豎 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 豎 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 豎, 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 豎, 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 豎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 豎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 豎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 豎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 筆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 豎, 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 豎, 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 豎, 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 豎, 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 豎, 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 豎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 豎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 豎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 豎, 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 豎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 豎, 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 豎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 直 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 豎, 直 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 豎, 直 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 豎, 直 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 豎 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 豎 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 豎, 直 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 直 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 豎, 直 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 豎, 直 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 豎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 戙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 戙 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 直 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 直 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 直 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 豎 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 豎 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 豎 |
| Jin | Datong | 豎 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 豎 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 豎 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 豎 |
| Jin | Linhe | 豎 |
| Jin | Jining | 豎, 直 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 豎 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 豎 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 豎 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 豎 |
| Jin | Handan | 豎, 直 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 豎 |
| Jin | Suide | 豎, 直 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 直 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 直, 豎 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 徛 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 徛 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 直 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 直 |

### Compounds

* 一往直前 (yīwǎngzhíqián)
* 一直 (yīzhí)
* 不直 (bùzhí)
* 不顧曲直 / 不顾曲直
* 亢直 (kàngzhí)
* 亮直
* 以直報怨 / 以直报怨 (yǐzhíbàoyuàn)
* 仗義直言 / 仗义直言
* 伸直 (shēnzhí)
* 侃直
* 倒橫直豎 / 倒横直竖
* 僵直
* 儤直
* 兩眼發直 / 两眼发直
* 兩腳直跳 / 两脚直跳
* 剛直 / 刚直 (gāngzhí)
* 剪直
* 勇往直前 (yǒngwǎngzhíqián)
* 勇猛直前
* 北直隸 / 北直隶
* 口快心直 (kǒukuàixīnzhí)
* 司直
* 唾沫直嚥 / 唾沫直咽
* 單刀直入 / 单刀直入 (dāndāozhírù)
* 嘴直
* 垂直 (chuízhí)
* 坦直
* 垂直線 / 垂直线
* 垂直起飛 / 垂直起飞
* 垂直距離 / 垂直距离
* 垂直面
* 境外直航
* 夜直
* 大直若屈
* 奮起直追 / 奋起直追
* 女直 (Nǚzhí)
* 好諛惡直 / 好谀恶直
* 委任直選 / 委任直选
* 婞直 (xìngzhí)
* 寒毛直豎 / 寒毛直竖
* 小枉大直
* 峭直
* 峻直
* 師直為壯 / 师直为壮
* 平直 (píngzhí)
* 平直康莊 / 平直康庄
* 平鋪直序 / 平铺直序
* 平鋪直敘 / 平铺直叙 (píngpūzhíxù)
* 廉直
* 徑直 / 径直 (jìngzhí)
* 心直
* 心直口快 (xīnzhíkǒukuài)
* 心直嘴快 (xīnzhízuǐkuài)
* 忠直 (zhōngzhí)
* 急起直追 (jíqǐzhízhuī)
* 急轉直下 / 急转直下 (jízhuǎnzhíxià)
* 惡直醜正 / 恶直丑正
* 愚直 (yúzhí)
* 憨直 (hānzhí)
* 懞直 / 蒙直
* 戇直 / 戆直 (zhuàngzhí)
* 截彎取直 / 截弯取直
* 打得逼直
* 扶搖直上 / 扶摇直上 (fúyáozhíshàng)
* 扭曲作直
* 抗直
* 扯直
* 扶直 (fúzhí)
* 承直
* 拗曲作直
* 挺直 (tǐngzhí)
* 振筆直書 / 振笔直书
* 撓直為曲 / 挠直为曲
* 是非曲直 (shìfēiqūzhí)
* 曲直 (qūzhí)
* 曲直分明
* 朴直 (pǔzhí)
* 枉尺直尋 / 枉尺直寻
* 梗直 (gěngzhí)
* 樸直 / 朴直 (pǔzhí)
* 橫直 / 横直 (héngzhí)
* 橫行直撞 / 横行直撞 (héngxíngzhízhuàng)
* 橫衝直撞 / 横冲直撞 (héngchōngzhízhuàng)
* 正法直度
* 正直 (zhèngzhí)
* 正直清廉
* 正直無私 / 正直无私
* 正直無邪 / 正直无邪
* 正色直言
* 正言直諫 / 正言直谏
* 氣壯理直 / 气壮理直
* 汲直
* 沽直
* 爽直 (shuǎngzhí)
* 率直 (shuàizhí)
* 理直 (lǐzhí)
* 理直氣壯 / 理直气壮 (lǐzhíqìzhuàng)
* 當直 / 当直 (dāngzhí)
* 當直的 / 当直的
* 當直巡邏 / 当直巡逻
* 白直
* 直上
* 直下
* 直上直下
* 直上青雲 / 直上青云
* 直人 (zhírén)
* 直來直往 / 直来直往
* 直偷硬取
* 直入 (zhírù)
* 直入公堂
* 直內方外 / 直内方外
* 直到 (zhídào)
* 直升 (zhíshēng)
* 直升機 / 直升机 (zhíshēngjī)
* 直去直來 / 直去直来
* 直呼其名
* 直喻
* 直奉戰爭 / 直奉战争
* 直子
* 直宿
* 直射
* 直尺 (zhíchǐ)
* 直屬 / 直属 (zhíshǔ)
* 直己 (zhíjǐ)
* 直布羅陀 / 直布罗陀 (Zhíbùluótuó)
* 直待 (zhídài)
* 直徑 / 直径 (zhíjìng)
* 直得
* 直心眼兒 / 直心眼儿
* 直性子 (zhíxìngzi)
* 直恁
* 直情徑行 / 直情径行
* 直截 (zhíjié)
* 直截了當 / 直截了当 (zhíjiéliǎodàng)
* 直承
* 直抒己見 / 直抒己见
* 直拄直
* 直拳
* 直指
* 直挺挺 (zhítǐngtǐng)
* 直捷 (zhíjié)
* 直接 (zhíjiē)
* 直接了當 / 直接了当 (zhíjiēliǎodàng)
* 直捷了當 / 直捷了当 (zhíjiéliǎodàng)
* 直接保護 / 直接保护
* 直接廣播 / 直接广播
* 直接徵稅 / 直接征税
* 直接推理
* 直接接觸 / 直接接触
* 直接政治
* 直接民權 / 直接民权
* 直接灸
* 直接稅 / 直接税
* 直接立法
* 直接肥料 (zhíjiē féiliào)
* 直接證據 / 直接证据
* 直接貿易 / 直接贸易 (zhíjiē màoyì)
* 直接選舉 / 直接选举 (zhíjiē xuǎnjǔ)
* 直搗 / 直捣 (zhídǎo)
* 直搗黃龍 / 直捣黄龙 (zhídǎohuánglóng)
* 直播 (zhíbō)
* 直撥 / 直拨 (zhíbō)
* 直播衛星 / 直播卫星
* 直播電視 / 直播电视
* 直效行銷 / 直效行销
* 直教
* 直文
* 直斥 (zhíchì)
* 直是 (zhíshì)
* 直書 / 直书 (zhíshū)
* 直木必伐
* 直木賞 / 直木赏
* 直根 (zhígēn)
* 直桶桶
* 直棋
* 直棍兒 / 直棍儿
* 直沽
* 直流電 / 直流电 (zhíliúdiàn)
* 直流馬達 / 直流马达
* 直溜 (zhíliu)
* 直瀉而下 / 直泻而下
* 直營 / 直营
* 直爽 (zhíshuǎng)
* 直率 (zhíshuài)
* 直皖戰爭 / 直皖战争
* 直目
* 直直 (zhízhí)
* 直眉瞪眼
* 直瞪瞪
* 直視 / 直视 (zhíshì)
* 直立 (zhílì)
* 直立人 (zhílìrén)
* 直立莖 / 直立茎
* 直笛 (zhídí)
* 直筆 / 直笔 (zhíbǐ)
* 直筒子
* 直節 / 直节
* 直節勁氣 / 直节劲气
* 直系 (zhíxì)
* 直系親屬 / 直系亲属 (zhíxì qīnshǔ)
* 直紋 / 直纹
* 直線 / 直线 (zhíxiàn)
* 直繫 / 直系
* 直而不挺
* 直聲 / 直声
* 直肚直腸 / 直肚直肠
* 直脈 / 直脉
* 直腸 / 直肠 (zhícháng)
* 直腸子 / 直肠子 (zhíchángzi)
* 直腸癌 / 直肠癌 (zhícháng'ái)
* 直腸直肚 / 直肠直肚 (zhíchángzhídù)
* 直臣 (zhíchén)
* 直自
* 直致
* 直著身子
* 直落 (Zhíluò)
* 直落三
* 直行 (zhíxíng)
* 直裰 (zhíduō)
* 直襬 / 直摆 (zhíbǎi)
* 直覺 / 直觉 (zhíjué)
* 直觀 / 直观 (zhíguān)
* 直角 (zhíjiǎo)
* 直角坐標 / 直角坐标
* 直角規 / 直角规
* 直言 (zhíyán)
* 直言不諱 / 直言不讳 (zhíyánbùhuì)
* 直言勿諱 / 直言勿讳
* 直言危行
* 直言取禍 / 直言取祸
* 直言極諫 / 直言极谏
* 直言正色
* 直言正論 / 直言正论
* 直言正諫 / 直言正谏
* 直言無忌 / 直言无忌
* 直言無諱 / 直言无讳
* 直言無隱 / 直言无隐
* 直言盡意 / 直言尽意
* 直言讜議 / 直言谠议
* 直言賈禍 / 直言贾祸
* 直言骨鯁 / 直言骨鲠
* 直話 / 直话 (zhíhuà)
* 直話直說 / 直话直说 (zhíhuà zhíshuō)
* 直語補證 / 直语补证
* 直諒 / 直谅
* 直諒多聞 / 直谅多闻
* 直諫 / 直谏 (zhíjiàn)
* 直講 / 直讲
* 直譯 / 直译 (zhíyì)
* 直譯詞 / 直译词
* 直豁
* 直豎 / 直竖
* 直賣店 / 直卖店
* 直跳
* 直蹶蹶
* 直身 (zhíshēn)
* 直躬
* 直躬之信
* 直轄 / 直辖 (zhíxiá)
* 直轄市 / 直辖市 (zhíxiáshì)
* 直通 (zhítōng)
* 直透
* 直進直出 / 直进直出
* 直道 (zhídào)
* 直達 / 直达 (zhídá)
* 直道不容
* 直道事人
* 直道而行
* 直達車 / 直达车 (zhídáchē)
* 直銷 / 直销 (zhíxiāo)
* 直閣 / 直阁
* 直闖 / 直闯
* 直陳 / 直陈
* 直隸 / 直隶 (zhílì)
* 直音 (zhíyīn)
* 直須 / 直须 (zhíxū)
* 直頭布袋 / 直头布袋
* 直餾 / 直馏
* 直鼻權腮 / 直鼻权腮
* 矯枉過直 / 矫枉过直
* 砥平繩直 / 砥平绳直
* 秉筆直書 / 秉笔直书 (bǐngbǐzhíshū)
* 立直
* 筆直 / 笔直 (bǐzhí)
* 簡直 / 简直 (jiǎnzhí)
* 綢直 / 绸直
* 縱曲枉直 / 纵曲枉直
* 總統直選 / 总统直选
* 老直
* 耿直 (gěngzhí)
* 聳直 / 耸直
* 脡直
* 舉直措枉 / 举直措枉
* 訐直 / 讦直
* 讜言直聲 / 谠言直声
* 豈直 / 岂直
* 豹立直
* 質直 / 质直
* 質直渾厚 / 质直浑厚
* 迂直
* 迂直之計 / 迂直之计
* 逼直
* 遺直 / 遗直
* 酬直
* 鈞容直 / 钧容直
* 鉛直 / 铅直 (qiānzhí)
* 鐵口直斷 / 铁口直断
* 鐵嘴直斷 / 铁嘴直断
* 鐵筆直書 / 铁笔直书
* 長驅直入 / 长驱直入 (chángqūzhírù)
* 陡直 (dǒuzhí)
* 隨直 / 随直
* 雙眉直豎 / 双眉直竖
* 青雲直上 / 青云直上 (qīngyúnzhíshàng)
* 頭直上 / 头直上
* 骨直
* 魯直 / 鲁直
* 鯁直 / 鲠直 (gěngzhí)
* 鼓勇直行

### Descendants

* → Old Turkic: tik (“vertical, straight, straightforward”)
** Oghuz: دیك
*** Azerbaijani: dik
*** Turkish: dik
*** Turkmen: dik
**** Turkmen: dikan (“honest, straight, direct”)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02759
* “直”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* straight

#### Readings

* Go-on: じき (jiki, Jōyō)、じか (jika)
* Kan-on: ちょく (choku, Jōyō)
* Kun: ただちに (tadachi ni, 直ちに)、なおす (naosu, 直す, Jōyō)、なおる (naoru, 直る, Jōyō)、あたい (atai, 直)、すぐ (sugu, 直ぐ)、すぐ (sugu, 直)、なおし (naoshi, 直し)、じか (jika, 直)、ひた (hita, 直)
* Nanori: すぐ (sugu)、なおい (naoi)、のう (nō)、のお (nō)

#### Compounds

* 直(ちょっ)径(けい) (chokkei, “diameter”)
* 直(ちょっ)角(かく)三(さん)角(かっ)形(けい) (chokkaku-sankakkei, “right triangle”)
* 直(ちょく)流(りゅう) (chokuryū, “direct current”)
* 直(ちょっ)感(かん) (chokkan, “intuition”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 直
* じき Grade: 2
* goon

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じき [jíꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑikʲi]

#### Adjective

直(じき) • (jiki) -na (adnominal 直(じき)な (jiki na), adverbial 直(じき)に (jiki ni))
* soon, shortly
* nearby, close

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 直だろ | じきだろ | jiki daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 直で | じきで | jiki de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 直だ | じきだ | jiki da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 直な | じきな | jiki na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 直なら | じきなら | jiki nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 直であれ | じきであれ | jiki de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 直ではない 直じゃない | じきではない じきじゃない | jiki de wa nai jiki ja nai |
| Informal past | 直だった | じきだった | jiki datta |
| Informal negative past | 直ではなかった 直じゃなかった | じきではなかった じきじゃなかった | jiki de wa nakatta jiki ja nakatta |
| Formal | 直です | じきです | jiki desu |
| Formal negative | 直ではありません 直じゃありません | じきではありません じきじゃありません | jiki de wa arimasen jiki ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 直でした | じきでした | jiki deshita |
| Formal negative past | 直ではありませんでした 直じゃありませんでした | じきではありませんでした じきじゃありませんでした | jiki de wa arimasen deshita jiki ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 直で | じきで | jiki de |
| Conditional | 直なら（ば） | じきなら（ば） | jiki nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 直だったら | じきだったら | jiki dattara |
| Volitional | 直だろう | じきだろう | jiki darō |
| Adverbial | 直に | じきに | jiki ni |
| Degree | 直さ | じきさ | jikisa |

#### Derived terms

* 直(じき)に (jiki ni)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 直
* じか Grade: 2
* goon
Sound change from jiki above.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じか [jíꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑika̠]

#### Prefix

直(じか) • (jika-)
* directly
    Synonym: 直接 (chokusetsu)

#### Related terms

* 直(じか)に (jika ni)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 直
* なお Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 直 – see the following entry. :
| 【なお】 | [adjective] common, ordinary, straight [adverb] normally, usually |
(This term, 直, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 直
* ちょく Grade: 2
* kan'on

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちょく [chóꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟]

#### Adjective

直(ちょく) • (choku) $^†$-tari (adnominal 直(ちょく)とした (choku to shita) or 直(ちょく)たる (choku taru), adverbial 直(ちょく)と (choku to) or 直(ちょく)として (choku to shite))
* direct, straight, frank

#### Adjective

直(ちょく) • (choku) -na (adnominal 直(ちょく)な (choku na), adverbial 直(ちょく)に (choku ni))
* sincere, straightforward, proper, frank
* simple, not extravagant, not expensive, less formal
    Synonyms: 安直 (anchoku), 手軽 (tegaru), 安価 (anka)

#### Verb

直(ちょく)する • (choku suru) suru (stem 直(ちょく)し (choku shi), past 直(ちょく)した (choku shita))
* to do one's duty, be on duty

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 直し | ちょくし | choku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 直し | ちょくし | choku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 直する | ちょくする | choku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 直する | ちょくする | choku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 直すれ | ちょくすれ | choku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 直せよ¹ 直しろ² | ちょくせよ¹ ちょくしろ² | choku seyo¹ choku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 直される | ちょくされる | choku sareru |
| Causative | 直させる 直さす | ちょくさせる ちょくさす | choku saseru choku sasu |
| Potential | 直できる | ちょくできる | choku dekiru |
| Volitional | 直しよう | ちょくしよう | choku shiyō |
| Negative | 直しない | ちょくしない | choku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 直せず | ちょくせず | choku sezu |
| Formal | 直します | ちょくします | choku shimasu |
| Perfective | 直した | ちょくした | choku shita |
| Conjunctive | 直して | ちょくして | choku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 直すれば | ちょくすれば | choku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 直
* ひた Grade: 2
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [çita̠]

#### Adverb

直(ひた) • (hita)
* earnestly, eagerly
* exactly, precisely
* immediately, directly

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 直
* ただし Grade: 2
* nanori

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ただし [táꜜdàshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ta̠da̠ɕi]

#### Proper noun

直(ただし) • (Tadashi)
* a male given name

### Etymology 7

* Kanji in this term
* 直
* ね Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 直 – see the following entry. :
| 【値ね】6 | [noun] price, cost |
(This term, 直, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

直 (eumhun 곧을 직 (godeul jik))
* hanja form of 직 (“straight”)

## Miyako
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: すぐ (sugu, 直ぐ)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

直: Hán Nôm readings: trực
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Yaeyama
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: しぃぐ (sïgu, 直ぐ)

## Yonaguni
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: ちく゚ (chingu, 直く゚)