# sein
## English
### Noun

sein (plural seins)
* Archaic spelling of seine.

### Anagrams

* EINs, NIEs, Nies, SINE, sien, sine, snie

## Basque
### Etymology

From Proto-Basque *seni.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sein anim
* child

#### Synonyms

* haur
* ume

### Further reading

* “sein”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “sein”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛi̯n/
* sein (NL):(file)
* Hyphenation: sein
* Rhymes: -ɛi̯n

### Etymology 1

From Old French seigne, a northern variant of signe, from Latin signum. Doublet of zegen.

#### Noun

sein n (plural seinen, diminutive seintje n)
* signal
    Synonym: signaal

##### Derived terms

* noodsein

##### Related terms

* seinen

##### Descendants

* → Indonesian: sein

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

sein
* inflection of seinen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### References

* ↑ sein; in J. de Vries & F. de Tollenaere, "Etymologisch Woordenboek", Uitgeverij Het Spectrum, Utrecht, 1986 (14de druk)

### Anagrams

* Ines, nies

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *saina, borrowed from a Baltic language, compare Latvian siena. Finnish seinä is of the same origin.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ˈsei̯n/

### Noun

sein (genitive seina, partitive seina)
* wall

#### Declension
## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsei̯n/, [ˈs̠e̞i̯n]
* Rhymes: -ein
* Hyphenation: sein

### Noun

sein
* inflection of sei:
** genitive singular
** instructive plural

### Noun

sein
* instructive plural of see

### Anagrams

* -isen, ensi, ensi-, ines, sine

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French sein, inherited from Latin sinus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sinos. Doublet of sinus. Compare Italian seno, Romanian sân, Romansch sain, Portuguese seio, Spanish seno.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛ̃/
* au sein:(file)
* Homophones: sain, sains, saint, saints, seing, seings, seins

### Noun

sein m (plural seins)
* (anatomy) breast (the chest)
    sur votre jeune sein laissez rouler ma tête ― let my head roll on your young breast
* (anatomy) breast
    Elle a des gros seins ― she has big breasts
* (literary) womb
    elle a porté cet enfant dans son sein ― she carried this child in her womb
* bosom
    au sein de la famille ― in the bosom of the family
    le sein du Père ― the bosom of the Father

#### Synonyms

* (breast): poitrine, (Quebec, slang) boule, (slang) nichon, nibard, nib, (informal) tété, lolo, néné, robert, (France, informal) gougoutte

#### Derived terms

* au sein de
* donner le sein

### Further reading

* “sein”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* Inès, nies, niés, sien

## German
### Alternative forms

* seyn (obsolete)
* syn (obsolete) (frühneuhochdeutsch, for example used by the following authors: Sebastian Brant, Das Narrenschiff, 1494; Jacob Ruff, Adam und Heva)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zaɪ̯n/ (Germany)
** Audio:(file)(Germany)
** Audio:(file)(Germany)
* IPA: /saɪ̯n/, [saɛ̯n] (Austria, Southern Germany, Switzerland)
* Rhymes: -aɪ̯n
* Homophone: seinen (according to a common pronunciation of this form)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle High German sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (suppleted with Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”). Cognate with Dutch zijn (“to be”), Low German sien (“to be”). More at sooth.

#### Verb

sein (irregular, third-person singular present ist, past tense war, past participle gewesen, past subjunctive wäre, auxiliary sein)
* (copulative, with a predicate adjective or predicate nominative) to be
    Das ist schön. ― That is beautiful.
    Das ist ein Auto. ― That is a car.
* (impersonal) to feel (to experience a condition) [with dative ‘someone’ and adjective ‘in some way’ (only for certain adjectives)]
    Usage: In this sense sein is always conjugated in the third person singular and takes a dative noun. The impersonal subject es may be present, but is often taken as implied. For example: "Mir ist warm," "Mir ist es warm," and "Es ist mir warm," may all be translated as "I'm warm," or literally as "(To) me (it) is warm." See Usage notes for the respective adjectives.
    Ist dir kalt? ― Are you cold?
    Mir ist schlecht. ― I'm sick.
    Dem Mann ist schwindelig. ― The man feels dizzy.
    Den Kindern ist langweilig. ― The children are bored.
* (impersonal) to feel like, to be in the mood for [with dative ‘someone’, along with nach (+ dative) ‘something desired’ or danach ‘that thing’, (sometimes) along with zumute]
    Usage: As in the previous sense sein takes a dative noun and is always conjugated according to the impersonal subject es, although it is usually omitted.
    Uns ist nach einem Film zumute. ― We feel like watching a movie.
    Mir ist nicht danach. ― I don't feel like it.
* (auxiliary) forms the present perfect and past perfect tenses of certain intransitive verbs
    Er ist alt geworden. ― He has become old.
* (intransitive) to exist; there to be; to be alive
    Was nicht ist, kann noch werden. (a common proverb)That which does not exist now, may come into existence.
    Wenn ich nicht mehr bin, erbst du das Haus.When I am no more, you'll inherit the house.
* (intransitive, colloquial) to have the next turn (in a game, in a queue, etc.)
    Du bist. ― It’s your turn.
    Du bist nach mir. ― Your turn is after mine.
* (intransitive, childish) to be "it"; to be the tagger in a game of tag
    Du bist! ― You're it!
    Ich bin nicht mehr. ― I'm not it anymore.

##### Conjugation

Alternative forms:
* Past participle: gewest (obsolete; poetical)
* Second-person plural preterite indicative: waret (older; poetical)
The subjunctive I (first and third person) and indicative (first person only) forms are also used as imperatives.
* Seien wir mal ehrlich./Sind wir mal ehrlich. ― Let’s be honest.
* (second-person formal) Seien Sie mal ehrlich. ― Be honest!

##### Derived terms

* an sein
* auf sein
* aus sein
* da sein
* weg sein
* zu sein
* Dasein n
* Glücklichsein n

### Etymology 2

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“his own, her own, its own, their own”) (a reflexive possessive), from genitive of Proto-Indo-European *swé with denominative suffix Proto-Indo-European *-nós, equivalent to the genitive form of *se-.
Cognate with Low German sien (“his, its”), Dutch zijn (“his, its”), Danish sin (“his, her, its, their”), Old English sīn (“his, its”).

#### Determiner

sein
* his
    Daniel schickt seiner Schwester eine SMS.Daniel is sending a text to his sister.
    Der Kater spielt oft mit seinen Spielsachen.The cat often plays with his toys.
* its (agreeing with a masculine or neuter noun)
    der Mond und sein Lichtthe moon and its light
    das Schaf und seine Lämmerthe sheep and its lambs
** (informal) Used to express an approximate number, often with so.
    Der kostet so seine zweihundert Euro.That one costs around two hundred euros.
* one's
    Man muss seinem Herzen folgen.One must follow one’s heart.

##### Usage notes

When used as a pronoun, the nominative masculine takes the form seiner, and the nominative/accusative neuter takes the form seines or seins.
* mein Vater und seiner ― my father and his
* mein Kind und sein(e)s ― my child and his

##### Declension
#### Pronoun

sein
* (archaic) genitive of er
* (archaic) genitive of es

### Further reading

* “sein” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “sein” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “sein” in Duden online
* “sein” in OpenThesaurus.de

### Anagrams

* eins

## Gothic
### Romanization

sein
* Romanization of 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽

## Hunsrik
### Etymology

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his”). Cognate with German sein.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saɪ̯n/

### Determiner

sein
* his
* its (agreeing with a neuter or masculine noun)

#### Inflection

$^1$ Form used when the plural of the noun is the same as the singular

### Further reading

* Online Hunsrik Dictionary

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch sein (“signal”), from Old French seigne, a northern variant of signe, from Latin signum. Doublet of sinyal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seɪ̯n/
* Hyphenation: sé‧in

### Noun

sein
* signal
    Synonyms: tanda, isyarat
* short for lampu sein (“indicator, turn signal”).

#### Alternative forms

* sen

### Further reading

* “sein” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Middle English
### Verb

sein
* Alternative form of seien

## Middle Irish
### Determiner

sein
* Alternative form of sin (“that”)

### Pronoun

sein
* Alternative form of sin (“that”)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse seinn.

### Adjective

sein (neuter singular seint, definite singular and plural seine, comparative seinere, indefinite superlative seinest, definite superlative seineste)
* alternative form of sen

### References

* “sein” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* isen, isne, neis, nise, -isen, si-en, sine, snei

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse seinn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛɪːn/

### Adjective

sein (neuter seint, definite singular and plural seine, comparative seinare, indefinite superlative seinast, definite superlative seinaste)
* slow
* late (arriving after expected time)
* late (near the end of a period of time)

### References

* “sein” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* eins, isen, isne, neis, nesi, nise, sein, seni, si-en, sine, Sine

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin sinus.

### Noun

sein oblique singular, m (oblique plural seinz, nominative singular seinz, nominative plural sein)
* breast (anatomy)

## Old Swedish
### Verb

sein
* first-person plural present subjunctive of vara

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* sain (Rumantsch Grischun)
* sagn (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)

### Etymology

From Latin sinus (compare French sein, Italian seno, Romanian sân, Spanish seno).

### Noun

sein m
* (Sursilvan, anatomy) breast (of a woman)

#### Related terms

* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran) pèz
* (Sutsilvan) péz
* (Puter, Vallader) pet

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *saina. Related to Finnish seinä.

### Noun

sein
* wall

#### Declension
## West Frisian
### Etymology

From Dutch sein (“signal”), from Old French seigne, a northern variant of signe.

### Pronunciation

* (Clay) IPA: /sai̯n/
* (Wood) IPA: /sɛi̯n/

### Noun

sein n (plural seinen, diminutive seintsje)
* signal

#### Further reading

* “sein (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011