# ingen
## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse engi, enginn, from einn (“one”) +‎ -gi (“not”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈenɡən/, [ˈeŋŋ̍]

### Pronoun

ingen (neuter intet, plural ingen)
* (determiner) no
    Jeg har ingen penge.
       I have no money.
* (pronoun) no one, nobody, nothing, neither, none
    Ingen har set ham siden i morges.
       No one has seen him since this morning.

#### See also

* nogen

## Hungarian
### Etymology

ing +‎ -en

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈiŋɡɛn]
* Hyphenation: in‧gen

### Noun

ingen
* superessive singular of ing

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse engi, enginn.

### Pronoun

ingen (feminine inga, masculine ingen, neuter intet, plural ingen)
* no; no one; nobody; nothing
* neither
* none

### Adjective

ingen
* no; not any

#### Derived terms

* ingenmannsland
* ingen nyheter er gode nyheter

### References

* “ingen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Middle Norwegian eingin, from Old Norse enginn, a newer form of engi. Cognate with Faroese eingin, Icelandic enginn, Swedish ingen and Danish ingen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²ɪŋːɛn/

### Determiner

ingen (masculine ingen, feminine inga, neuter inkje, plural ingen)
* no

### Pronoun

ingen (masculine ingen, feminine inga, neuter inkje, plural ingen)
* no one; nobody
* neither
* none

#### Derived terms

* ingenmannsland
* ingenting

### References

* “ingen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* ginen

## Old Irish
### Etymology 1

From Primitive Irish ᚔᚅᚔᚌᚓᚅᚐ (inigena), from Proto-Celtic *enigenā (literally “born within, indigenous”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, beget”); compare Latin indigena (“native”) and Ancient Greek ἐγγόνη (engónē, “granddaughter”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈinʲɣʲen]

#### Noun

ingen f (genitive ingine)
* daughter
* maiden, virgin, young woman

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Derived terms

* ingenacht
* ingenrad

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: ingen
** Irish: iníon, inghean (superseded), inghin, inín (Connacht), nighean, níon (Ulster), inín
** Manx: inneen
** Scottish Gaelic: nighean, nigheann, inghean
* ⇒ Middle Irish: ingenach
* ⇒ Middle Irish: ingenas
** Irish: iníonas

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ingen (‘daughter’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 24, page 18; reprinted 2017

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *angʷīnā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nṓgʰs.
Cognate with Welsh ewin, Breton ivin; and with Latin unguis, English nail, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux), Russian но́готь (nógotʹ), Sanskrit नख (nakhá).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈiŋʲɡʲen]

#### Noun

ingen f (genitive ingne)
* nail (fingernail, toenail)

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: inga (reinterpreted as an n-stem)

#### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ingen (‘nail’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 24, page 18; reprinted 2017

### References

* ↑ Ziegler, Sabine (1994) Alfred Bammesberger and Günter Neumann, editors, Die Sprache der altirischen Ogam-Inschriften [The language of the Old Irish Ogham inscriptions] (Historische Sprachforschung; Ergänzungsheft 36) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 188f

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish ængin, from Old Norse engi, enginn, from einn (“one”) + -gi (privative suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪŋˌɛn/, [ˈɪŋːˌɛ̂n]
* Audio:(file)

### Determiner

ingen (neuter inget, plural inga)
* no
    Jag har ingen bilI have no car
    Vi har ingen mjölk hemmaWe have no milk at home
    Jag har inga cigaretterI have no cigarettes
    Inget träd kan leva av vatten allenaNo tree can live on water alone
** none (when the referent is implied, which is often idiomatic in Swedish, similar to after "any" in English in the example)
    – Ge mig en cigarett. – Jag har inga ["cigaretter" implied].– Give me a cigarette. – I don't have any ["cigarettes" implied – "I have no/none"].

### Pronoun

ingen (neuter inget, plural inga)
* none
    Ingen av burkarna innehöll colaNone of the cans contained cola
    Inget av detta är en slumpNone of this is a coincidence
    För musiken står inga mindre än Rolling StonesThe music is provided by ("for the music stands") none other than ("none lesser than" – idiomatic) the Rolling Stones
** (almost always common gender) no one, nobody
    Ingen har någonsin sprungit 100 meter på under nio sekunder!No one has ever run 100 meters faster than nine seconds!
* (in the neuter inget) Synonym of ingenting (“nothing”)
** 1994, Lisa Ekdahl, “Vem vet [Who knows]”, in Lisa Ekdahl‎:Vem vet? Inte du. Vem vet? Inte jag. Vi vet ingenting nu. Vi vet inget idag.Who knows? Not you. Who knows? Not I. We know nothing now. We know nothing today.

#### Usage notes

See the usage notes for inget.

#### See also

* ingen alls
* ingendera
* inget

### References

* ingen in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ingen in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* ingen in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)