# 磕

| 磕 | U+78D5, &#30933; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78D5 |
| ← 磔 [U+78D4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 磖 → [U+78D6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

磕 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口土戈廿 (MRGIT), four-corner 1461$_7$, composition ⿰石盍)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 835, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24407
* Dae Jaweon: page 1252, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2446, character 10
* Unihan data for U+78D5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 磕
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蓋 | *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb |
| 盖 | *kaːbs |
| 溘 | *kʰaːbs, *kʰoːb, *kʰaːb |
| 搕 | *qoːb |
| 嗑 | *kaːb, *ɡaːb |
| 榼 | *kʰaːb |
| 磕 | *kʰaːb, *kʰaːd |
| 瞌 | *kʰaːb |
| 盍 | *ɡaːb |
| 闔 | *ɡaːb |
| 篕 | *ɡaːb |
| 熆 | *ɡaːb |
| 鰪 | *qaːb |
| 廅 | *qaːb |
| 圔 | *qroːb |
| 饁 | *ɢrab |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰaːb, *kʰaːd): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 盍 (OC *ɡaːb).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kē, kě (ke$^1$, ke$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜ, ㄎㄜˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): кә (kə, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hap$^6$ / ham$^2$ / koi$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kha̍p / nga̍p
    (Hailu, HRS): kab$^ˋ$ / ngab$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): káuk / kŏk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kah$^7$ / korh$^7$ / keh$^7$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khap / kha̍p
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$kheq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kē
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ke
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^1$
*** Yale: kē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
*** Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kě
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kě
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^3$
*** Yale: kě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kee
*** Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ²¹⁴/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: кә (kə, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hap$^6$ / ham$^2$ / koi$^3$
*** Yale: hahp / hám / koi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hap$^9$ / ham$^2$ / koi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heb$^6$ / hem$^2$ / koi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐp̚²/, /hɐm³⁵/, /kʰɔːi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kha̍p / nga̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: kab / ngab
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kab$^6$ / ngab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰap̚⁵/, /ŋap̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kab$^ˋ$ / ngab$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰap²/, /ŋap²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: káuk / kŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑuʔ²⁴/, /kʰouʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kah$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ka̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaʔ²⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: korh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒʔ²⁴/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: korh$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: keh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛʔ²⁴/
* kah7 - literary;
* korh7 - vernacular (e.g. 磕頭);
* keh7 - vernacular (e.g. 磕巴).
* Middle Chinese: khajH, khat, khap
Rime :
| Character | 磕 | 磕 | 磕 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 曷 (63) | 盍 (144) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 苦蓋切 | 苦曷切 | 苦盍切 |
| Baxter | khajH | khat | khap |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɑi$^H$/ | /kʰɑt̚/ | /kʰɑp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɑi$^H$/ | /kʰɑt̚/ | /kʰɑp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɑi$^H$/ | /kʰɑt̚/ | /kʰɑp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaj$^H$/ | /kʰat̚/ | /kʰap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɑi$^H$/ | /kʰɑt̚/ | /kʰɑp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɑi$^H$/ | /kʰɑt̚/ | /kʰɑp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɑi$^H$/ | /kʰɑt̚/ | /kʰɑp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kài | ke | ke |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoi$^3$ | hot$^3$ | hap$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːb/, /*kʰaːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 磕 | 磕 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5077 | 5090 |
| Phonetic component | 盍 | 盍 |
| Rime group | 盍 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 榼 | 渴 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰaːb/ | /*kʰaːd/ |

### Definitions

磕
* to knock sth. against a hard surface; to dash against a stone
* to knock an item off another item by hitting them against a hard surface
* to kowtow
* (dialect, figurative) to fight
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to hurt; to malign; to slander

### Compounds

* 反磕兒 / 反磕儿
* 可磕擦
* 啻啻磕磕
* 嗓磕
* 外磕腳 / 外磕脚 (Wàikējiǎo)
* 愣頭磕腦 / 愣头磕脑
* 燒香磕頭 / 烧香磕头
* 獃磕磕 / 呆磕磕
* 磕巴 (kēba)
* 磕打 (kēda)
* 磕擦
* 磕牙
* 磕牙料嘴
* 磕睡
* 磕碰 (kēpèng)
* 磕碰兒 / 磕碰儿
* 磕磕撞撞
* 磕磕絆絆 / 磕磕绊绊
* 磕磣 / 磕碜 (kēchen)
* 磕素頭 / 磕素头
* 磕腦 / 磕脑
* 磕膝蓋 / 磕膝盖
* 磕過頭的 / 磕过头的
* 磕響頭 / 磕响头 (kē xiǎngtóu)
* 磕頭 / 磕头 (kētóu)
* 磕頭兒 / 磕头儿
* 磕頭撞腦 / 磕头撞脑
* 磕頭燒香 / 磕头烧香
* 磕頭碰腦 / 磕头碰脑
* 磕頭蟲 / 磕头虫 (kētóuchóng)
* 磣磕磕 / 碜磕磕
* 科牙磕齒 / 科牙磕齿
* 窣磕
* 築磕 / 筑磕
* 築築磕磕 / 筑筑磕磕
* 虎磕腦 / 虎磕脑
* 跌磕
* 閒磕牙 / 闲磕牙

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* hit
* collide
* knock into

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かい (kai)、こう (kō)、かつ (katsu)、かち (kachi)

## Korean
### Hanja

磕 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
* bump
* drumbeat

## Vietnamese
### Han character

磕: Hán Nôm readings: khạp
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.