# southern
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English southerne, sothern, sutherne, from Old English sūþerne (“southern, southerly, coming from the south; of southern make”), from Proto-Germanic *sunþrōnijaz (“southern”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂un-, *sh₂wen-, r/n-stem alternation of *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Scots southron, sudron (“southern”), Old Frisian sūthern, sūdern (“southern”), Middle Low German sūdern (“southern”), Middle High German sundern (“southern”), Icelandic suðrænn (“southern, tropical”).
Morphologically south +‎ -ern.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsʌðən/
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈsʌðɚn/, enPR: sŭth′ərn
* (rare, parts of Ontario and Canadian Prairies) IPA: /ˈsaʊðɚn/, enPR: south′ərn
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (Ontario, Canadian Prairies):(file)

### Adjective

southern (comparative more southern, superlative most southern)
* Of, facing, situated in, or related to the south.
* Of or pertaining to a southern region, especially Southern Europe or the southern United States.
    The southern climate.
** 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. […] But viewed from high up in one of the growing number of skyscrapers in Sri Lanka’s capital, it is clear that something extraordinary is happening: China is creating a shipping hub just 200 miles from India’s southern tip.
* Of a wind: blowing from the south; southerly.

#### Synonyms

* southerly
* austral
* meridional

#### Antonyms

* northern
* boreal
* septentrional

#### Derived terms

* Great Southern
* nonsouthern
* paleosouthern
* Southern Alps
* southern arrowwood
* Southern Athabaskan
* southern banjo frog
* southern beech
* southern belle
* southern black tit
* southern bottlenose whale
* Southern brawl
* southern brown bandicoot
* southern caracara
* southern cassowary
* southern common cuscus
* southern crested caracara
* Southern Cross
* southern cypress pine
* Southern Denmark
* Southern Downs
* southern elephant seal
* southern fairy
* Southern Federal District
* southern flying squirrel
* Southern Grampians
* southern green stink bug
* southern hairy-nosed wombat
* southern hemisphere
* Southern Highlands
* southernification
* southernisation
* southernise
* southernish
* southernism
* southernist
* southernization
* southernize
* southern king crab
* southern lamprey
* southern lapwing
* southern lights
* southern litter skink
* southernly
* southern magnolia
* southern mahogany
* southern masked weaver
* Southern Midlands
* Southern Mongolia
* southernmost
* southernness
* Southern Ocean
* southern pig-tailed macaque
* Southern Region
* Southern Rhodesia
* southern school whiting
* southern screamer
* southern sennet
* southern solstice
* southern storm petrel
* southern sushi
* Southern Tablelands
* southern tigrina
* southern topeyed lamprey
* Southern Tungusic
* Southern Unionist
* southern viscacha
* southern vole
* southernwood
* southern woodland violet
* southernwort
* southern yellow pine
* unsouthern

#### Translations

Albanian: jugor (sq)
Arabic: جَنُوبِيّ (janūbiyy)
Armenian: հարավային (hy) (haravayin)
Azerbaijani: cənubi, güney (az)
Basque: hegoaldeko
Belarusian: паўднёвы (paŭdnjóvy)
Bengali: দক্ষিণ (bn) (dokkhin)
Bulgarian: ю́жен (júžen)
Burmese: တောင် (my) (taung)
Catalan: austral (ca), meridional (ca)
Chinese:
Hakka: 南方 (nàm-fông), 南 (nàm)
Hokkien: 南方 (lâm-hong), 南 (zh-min-nan) (lâm)
Mandarin: 南方 (zh) (nánfāng), 南 (zh) (nán)
Czech: jižní (cs)
Danish: sydlig (da)
Dutch: zuid (nl), zuidelijk (nl)
Egyptian: (rsj)
Esperanto: suda
Estonian: lõunamaine, lõuna- (et)
Faroese: syðri
Finnish: eteläinen (fi), etelä- (fi)
French: austral (fr), méridional (fr), sud (fr)
Georgian: სამხრეთული (samxretuli), სამხრეთიდან (samxretidan), სამხრეთის (samxretis), სამხრეთისა (samxretisa)
German: südlich (de), Süd- (de)
Greek: νότιος (el) (nótios)
Ancient: νοτερός (noterós)
Hebrew: דְּרוֹמִי (he) (dromí)
Hindi: दक्षिणी (dakṣiṇī)
Hungarian: déli (hu)
Ido: australa (io), sudala (io)
Ingrian: lounain
Interlingua: meridional, del sud
Irish: deisceartach
Italian: meridionale (it)
Japanese: 南 (ja) (みなみ, minami)
Kazakh: оңтүстік (oñtüstık)
Khmer: ខាងត្បូង (km) (khaang tboung)
Korean: 남쪽의 (ko) (namjjogui)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: başûrî (ku)
Kyrgyz: түштүктүк (tüştüktük)
Lao: ໃຕ້ (tai)
Latin: merīdiōnālis (la), austrālis (la)
Latvian: dienvidu
Lithuanian: pietinis, pietų
Macedonian: јужен (južen)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: søndre (no), sørlig (no), sydlig (no)
Occitan: austral (oc), meridional (oc)
Pashto: جنوبي (ps) (janubi), سوهيلي (sohayli), سويلي (soeli)
Persian: جنوبی (fa) (jonubi)
Piedmontese: meridional
Polish: południowy (pl)
Portuguese: do sul, meridional (pt), austral (pt)
Romanian: sudic (ro), austral (ro), meridional (ro)
Russian: ю́жный (ru) (júžnyj)
Scots: soothren
Scottish Gaelic: deas, a deas
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ју̏жнӣ
Roman: jȕžnī (sh)
Slovak: južný (sk)
Slovene: južen
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: please add this translation if you can
Upper Sorbian: južny (hsb), połodniši (archaic)
Spanish: del sur, sureño (es), meridional (es), austral (es)
Swedish: södra (sv), sydlig (sv)
Tajik: ҷанубӣ (tg) (janubi)
Tatar: көньяк (tt) (kön’yak)
Thai: ใต้ (th) (dtâai)
Tocharian B: omotruññaiṣṣe
Turkish: güney (tr), güneyli (tr)
Turkmen: günorta
Ukrainian: півде́нний (uk) (pivdénnyj)
Urdu: جُنُوبی (junubī)
Uyghur: جەنۇبىي (jenubiy)
Uzbek: janubiy (uz)
Vietnamese: nam (vi)
Volapük: sulüdik (vo)
Welsh: deheuol (cy)
Yiddish: דרומדיק (doremdik) :
Armenian: հարավային (hy) (haravayin)
Belarusian: паўднёвы (paŭdnjóvy)
Bulgarian: южня́шки (južnjáški)
Dutch: zuiders (nl)
Egyptian: (rsj)
Finnish: eteläinen (fi), etelämaalainen
French: sudiste (fr)
Georgian: სამხრეთული (samxretuli)
German: südlich (de), südländisch (de)
Hungarian: dél (hu), déli (hu)
Ido: sudala (io)
Irish: deisceartach
Latin: merīdiōnālis (la), austrālis (la)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: søndre (no)
Polish: południowy (pl)
Portuguese: meridional (pt), do sul/Sul, sulista (pt)
Romanian: sudic (ro)
Scottish Gaelic: deas, a deas
Spanish: del sur, sureño (es), meridional (es), austral (es)
Yiddish: דרומדיק (doremdik) :

### Noun

southern (plural southerns)
* Synonym of southerner
** 1839, Henry Hallam, Introduction to the Literature of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries:Force prevails most with the northerns, reason with the inhabitants of a temperate or middle climate, superstition with the southerns; thus astrology, magic, and all mysterious sciences have come from the Chaldeans and Egyptians.
** 2011, Augustin Thierry, History of the Conquest of England by the Normans, →ISBN:The peace which the French leaguers made soon after with Louis XL, for money and offices, did not satisfy the southerns, whose views in this patriotic war had been wholly different.
** 2011, Adolphe Thiers, Frederick Shoberl, The History of the French Revolution, →ISBN, page 34:This last formed a strong contrast, by its simplicity and its austere bearing, with the old army of Italy, enriched in the beautiful plains which it had conquered, and composed of brave, fiery, and intemperate Southerns.
** 2012, Ian Duncan, Edinburgh Companion to James Hogg, →ISBN, page 73:Then in 1835 it (negatively) remarked 'a national tone and feeling [. . .] with which we southerns do not wholly sympathize'.

### See also

* eastern
* western
* oriental
* occidental

### Anagrams

* Neuroths, turnshoe