# nos
## English
### Etymology 1

From no +‎ -s.

#### Alternative forms

* noes

#### Noun

nos
* plural of no

### Etymology 2

From no. +‎ -s.

#### Noun

nos
* Alternative form of nos. Abbreviation of numbers.

### Etymology 3

Abbreviation

#### Noun

nos (countable and uncountable, plural noses)
* (countable) Acronym of nitrous oxide system.
    Coordinate term: NOx
* (uncountable) Abbreviation of nitrous oxide (“N₂O”).
    Synonym: nox

### See also

* inter nos

### Anagrams

* -son, NSO, ONS, SON, Son, ons, son

## Aragonese
### Alternative forms

* mos, mo' (Benasquese, Low Ribagorçan)

### Etymology

From Latin nos. Akin to Spanish nos and French nous.

### Pronoun

nos
* First-person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us

#### See also

| | | | | nominative | disjunctive | dative | accusative |
| first person | singular | singular | singular | yo | me, m'$^2$ | me, m'$^2$ | me, m'$^2$ |
| first person | plural | masculine | masculine | nusatros$^{1.1}$ | nusatros$^{1.1}$ | nos$^{1.6}$ | nos$^{1.6}$ |
| first person | plural | feminine | feminine | nusatras$^{1.1}$ | nusatras$^{1.1}$ | | nos$^{1.6}$ | nos$^{1.6}$ |
| second person | singular | familiar | familiar | tú | te, t'$^2$ | te, t'$^2$ | te, t'$^2$ |
| second person | singular | formal | formal | vusté,$^{1.2}$ vos | | | |
| second person | plural | familiar | masculine | vusatros$^{1.3}$ | vusatros$^{1.3}$ | vos, tos$^3$ | vos, tos$^3$ |
| second person | plural | familiar | feminine | vusatras$^{1.3}$ | vusatras$^{1.3}$ | | vos, tos$^3$ | vos, tos$^3$ |
| second person | plural | formal | formal | vustés,$^{1.2}$ vos | | |
| third person | singular | masculine | masculine | él$^{1.4}$ | él$^{1.4}$ | le$^{1.7}$ | lo,$^{1.8}$ l'$^2$ |
| third person | singular | feminine | feminine | ella$^{1.5}$ | ella$^{1.5}$ | le$^{1.7}$ | la |
| third person | plural | masculine | masculine | els, ellos$^{1.4}$ | els, ellos$^{1.4}$ | les$^{1.7}$ | los$^{1.9}$ |
| third person | plural | feminine | feminine | ellas$^{1.5}$ | ellas$^{1.5}$ | les$^{1.7}$ | las |
| third person | reflexive | reflexive | reflexive | — | — | se, s'$^2$ | se, s'$^2$ |
* The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms:
** nusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and nusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
** usté(s) (Benasquese), ustet(z) (Ansotano), vustet(z) (Tensino, Somontanos)
** vusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and vusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
** ell(s) (Benasquese) and er(s) (Belsetán).
** era(s) (Belsetán).
** mos (Ribagorçan). Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.
** li(s) (Cheso, Tensino).
** el (Ribagorçan). The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
** es, els (Ribagorçan). These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
* The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds.
* In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en.

### References

* “nos”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

## Asturian
### Alternative forms

* mos (pronoun)
* ños (pronoun)

### Etymology 1

From Latin nōs (“we; us”).

#### Pronoun

nos
* us (dative and accusative of nosotros/nós)

### Etymology 2

From a contraction of the preposition en (“in”) + masculine plural article los (“the”).

#### Contraction

nos m pl (masculine sg nel, feminine sg na, neuter sg no, feminine plural nes)
* in the

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Inherited from the unstressed accusative of Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

#### Pronunciation

* (Balearic, Central) IPA: /nus/ (always unstressed)
* (Valencia) IPA: /nos/ (always unstressed)

#### Pronoun

nos (enclitic, contracted 'ns, proclitic ens)
* us (direct or indirect object)

##### Usage notes

* -nos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.
    Fes-nos una visita, si us plau! ― Pay us a visit, please!

##### Declension

$^1$ Behaves grammatically as plural.   $^2$ Behaves grammatically as third person. $^3$ Only as object of a preposition.   $^4$ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from the stressed nominative of Latin nōs (“we; us”); see Etymology 1. Replaced in normal usage by nosaltres. For the development of a distinction between stressed and unstressed forms of what was originally a single word, compare Portuguese nós and nos. See also the parallel development in Spanish of nosotros.

#### Alternative forms

* nós (pre-2016 spelling)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈnos]

#### Pronoun

nos
* (archaic) we
    Synonym: nosaltres
* (royal, majestic) we (the so-called royal we, used by a king or queen to refer to themselves in the first person)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈnos]

#### Noun

nos
* plural of no (“no”)

### Further reading

* “nos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
* “nos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “nos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Cornish
### Etymology 1

From Middle Cornish nos, from Old Cornish nos, either inherited from Proto-Celtic *noxs or borrowed from Latin nox. In either case, cognate with Breton noz, Welsh nos and Gaulish nox, all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

#### Noun

nos f (plural nosow)
* night

### Etymology 2

From Latin nota. Cognate with Welsh nod, Irish nod, nóta and English note. Doublet of noten.

#### Noun

nos m (plural nosow)
* mark
* token

### References

* nos in the Gerlyver Kernewek Cornish Dictionary

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnos]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: nos
* Rhymes: -os

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech nos.

#### Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosík or nůsek, augmentative nosisko)
* (anatomy) nose
    Synonyms: frňák, čenich, raťafák

##### Derived terms

* nosní
* nosový
* nosáč
* nosánek
* nosíček

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

nos
* second-person singular imperative of nosit

### Further reading

* “nos”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “nos”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “nos”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Fala
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”).

#### Pronoun

nos m pl or f pl
* First person plural nominative pronoun; we
** 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]
* (Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us
** 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.

##### Usage notes

* In Mañegu noshotrus and noshotras are more commonly used as subject pronouns.
* Takes the form -nus when used as an object pronoun suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

#### See also

Dialects:  $^L$ Lagarteiru   $^M$ Mañegu   $^V$ Valverdeñu

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, equivalent to en (“in”) +‎ os (masculine plural definite article).

#### Alternative forms

* nus (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

#### Contraction

nos m pl (singular no, feminine na, feminine plural nas)
* (Mañegu) in the

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin nōs (nominative or accusative).

### Pronoun

nos (postpositive -nos) (ORB, broad)
* we, us (first-person plural nominative, accusative, dative, or tonic)

#### See also

| singular | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic$^1$ | possessive$^2$ |
| 1st person | jo | mè | mè | mè | min |
| 2nd person | te | tè | tè | tè | tin |
| 3rd person masculine | il | lo / le | lui | lui | sin |
| 3rd person feminine | el | la | lyé | lyé | | sin |
| 3rd person neuter | o | o | y | — | sin |
| 3rd person reflexive | — | sè | sè | sè | | | sin |
| plural | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic$^1$ | possessive$^2$ |
| 1st person | nos | nos | nos | nos | noutro |
| 2nd person | vos | vos | vos | vos | voutro |
| 3rd person masculine | ils | los / les | lor | lor | lor |
| 3rd person feminine | els | les | lor / lyés | lor / lyés | | lor |
| 3rd person reflexive | — | sè | sè | sè | | | lor |
| $^1$ Disjunctive or object of a preposition. | $^1$ Disjunctive or object of a preposition. | $^2$ Generally preceded by a definite article. | $^2$ Generally preceded by a definite article. | $^2$ Generally preceded by a definite article. | $^2$ Generally preceded by a definite article. |

### References

* nous in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* nos in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## French
### Etymology

From Old French noz, probably from Latin nostros.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /no/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -o

### Determiner

nos pl
* plural of notre; our
    Nos enfants nous rendent souvent visite.Our children visit us often.

#### Related terms
### Further reading

* “nos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* son

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nʊːs̺/

### Etymology 1

From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + masculine plural article os (“the”).

#### Contraction

nos m pl (masculine sg no, feminine sg na, feminine plural nas)
* in the

### Etymology 2

From a mutation of os.

#### Pronoun

nos m (accusative)
* Alternative form of os (“them”, masculine plural)

##### Usage notes

The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.

##### See also

* Appendix:Galician pronouns
* los
* os
* nós

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronoun

nos
* inflection of nós:
** accusative/dative
** reflexive

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

From Portuguese nós. Cognate with Kabuverdianu anos.

### Pronoun

nos
* we, first person plural.

## Hungarian
### Etymology

no (interjection) +‎ s (“and”, conjunction)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnoʃ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: nos
* Rhymes: -oʃ

### Interjection

nos
* well

### References

* ↑ nos in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* nos in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Interlingua
### Pronoun

nos
* we
* us

## Kashubian

Picture dictionary :
nos
czaszka
mùsk
òczë
lëpa
nos
gãba
broda
szczãka
ùchò
słëch
szëja :

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnɔs/
* Rhymes: -ɔs
* Syllabification: nos

### Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosk, related adjective nosowi)
* (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
* (rare) beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
* (agriculture) tip of a scythe blade
* (agriculture) nose (in a wheelbarrow, the front part of the bar with a hole at the end, in which the movable wheel axis rotates)
* (nautical) beak (front part of a ship)
* brush bow (front part of the sled's skid is slightly bent upwards)
* (chiefly in the plural) remains of dry branches on a tree
* stalk (blade of grass)

#### Derived terms

* nosorożc
* nosoróg

### Further reading

* Stefan Ramułt (1893) “nos”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 120
* Sychta, Bernard (1969) “nos”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 3 (Ł – O), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 217
* Jan Trepczyk (1994) “nos”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “nos”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “nos”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *nōs, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈnoːs/, [ˈnoːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈnos/, [ˈnɔs]

### Pronoun

nōs
* nominative/accusative plural of ego: we, us

#### Usage notes

When used in the plural genitive, nostrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Nostrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as one of us.

#### Derived terms

* nōbīscum
* nōsmet

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: noi, noauã, nauã, nau
* Asturian: nós, nosotros, ñós, ñosotros
* Catalan: nós, nosaltres
* Dalmatian: nu, noi, nojiltri
* Franco-Provençal: nos
* Old French: nos, nous
** Middle French: nous
*** French: nous, nous autres
* Friulian: nô, noaltris
* Galician: nós, nosoutros
* Istriot: nui
* Italian: noi, noialtri
* Occitan: nos, nosautres
* Portuguese: nós
* Romanian: noi, nouă
* Romansch: nus, nous
* Sardinian: nois, noso, nosu, nos
* Sicilian: nui, nuàutri
* Old Spanish: nos
** Spanish: nos, nosotros
* Venetan: noi, nu, noaltri, noantri
* Walloon: nos

#### See also
### References

* "nos", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "nos", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

## Lombard
### Alternative forms

* nus (Modern orthography)

### Etymology

From Latin nucem, accusative singular of nux (“nut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *knew-.

### Pronunciation

* (Milan) IPA: /nuːs/

### Noun

nos f (invariable) (Classical Milanese orthography)
* walnut (fruit and tree)
* (botany) nut

### References

* Francesco Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, Volume 3, 1843, p. 179

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔs/

### Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosk)
* nose

#### Declension
## Middle English
### Noun

nos (plural nosses)
* Alternative form of nose

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse nǫs, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

### Noun

nos f or m (definite singular nosa or nosen, indefinite plural noser, definite plural nosene)
* (dialectal) nose
* (dialectal) steep protruding point on a mountain

#### Synonyms

* (nose): nese

### References

* “nos” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “nos” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse nǫs, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

### Noun

nos f (definite singular nosa, indefinite plural naser, definite plural nasene)
* nose
* steep protruding point on a mountain

#### Synonyms

* (nose): nase

### References

* “nos” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* sno, son

## Occitan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nus/

### Etymology 1

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin nōs.

#### Pronoun

nos
* to us (first-person plural indirect object pronoun)
* ourselves (first-person plural reflexive pronoun)

### Etymology 2

From Old Occitan nos, nous, nou, from Latin nōdus. Compare Catalan nus, French nœud, Italian nodo.

#### Noun

nos m (plural noses)
* knot

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈnos/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈnos/

### Noun

nos m inan
* (anatomy) nose
* beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
* toe cap (long elongated section of a shoe for a toe)
* (by extension) any device or object resembling a nose

#### Descendants

* Czech: nos

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “nos”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* nous (first-person plural subject pronoun)
* nus (first-person plural subject pronoun)

### Etymology

From Latin nōs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (early) /nos/
* IPA: (late) /nus/

### Pronoun

nos
* we (first-person plural subject pronoun)
* our (masculine and feminine plural possessive pronoun)
* to us (first-person plural indirect object pronoun)
* ourselves (first-person plural reflexive pronoun)

#### Descendants

* Middle French: nous
** French: nous

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ. First attested in the 14th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /nɔs/
* IPA: (15th CE) /nɔs/

### Noun

nos m animacy unattested
* (attested in Greater Poland, anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
** 1877-1881 [c. 1418], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 2151:Nos yego y vsta bez wschey ganibi[Nos jego i usta bez wszej gańby]
** c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 86v:Nasus eyn nasz nosz [Nasus eyn nasz nos ]
** c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 109v:Pulpa est extrema pars nasi vel interior pars pomi ein grubsz konyecz noszą[Pulpa est extrema pars nasi vel interior pars pomi ein grubsz koniecz nosa]
* beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
** 1885-2024 [XV ex.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne‎, volume V, page 27:Clekotacz ząbi, nossem croculo[Klekotać zęby, nosem croculo]

#### Derived terms

* nosaty
* bociani nos
* czapi nos
* nosek

#### Descendants

* Polish: nos
* Silesian: nos

### References

* Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “nos”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
* Mańczak, Witold (2017) “nos”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
* Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “nos”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “nos”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
* Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “nos”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

## Old Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nos First attested in 1473.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /nɔs/
* IPA: (15th CE) /nɔs/

### Noun

nos m inan
* (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
* (by extension) any device or object resembling a nose
* vimba bream, Vimba vimba

#### Descendants

* Pannonian Rusyn: нос (nos)
* Slovak: nos

### References

* Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “nos”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

## Old Spanish
### Etymology 1

From Latin nōs, in the nominative case, and accusative nōs stressed.

#### Pronoun

nos
* nominative of nos: we
** between 1140-1207, Cid, 1280-1281 :a grãd ondr̃a vernan Aeſtas t͠rras eſtranas q̃ nos pudiemos ganarThey [the Cid's wife and daughters] will come in great honour to these foreign lands, which we had won
* prepositional of nos: us

##### Descendants

* Spanish: nos (archaic or dialectal)
* Spanish: nosotros

### Etymology 2

From Latin nōs, in the accusative case unstressed, and dative nōbīs.

#### Pronoun

nos
* accusative of nos: us
* dative of nos: to us, for us
** between 1140-1207, Cid, 1298 :Qͣndo dios p̃ſtar nos qͥere nos biẽ gelo gradeſcamos (normalized) Quando Dios prestarnos quiere, nos bien ge lo gradescamosWhen God wants to help us, we should thank Him well for it

##### Descendants

* Spanish: nos

### Etymology 3

Contraction of no (“not”) and se (“him/her/itself, themselves”).

#### Contraction

nos
* not ... (to oneself)
** between 1140-1207, Cid, 1243-1244 :Myo çid don Rͦ en valençia esta folgando Con el mẏnaẏa albarffanez q̃ nos le parte de so braçoMy Cid, don Rodrigo, is having a break in Valencia, with Minaya Álvar Fáñez, who does not leave (partirse) his side
** 1140 – 1207, Cid, 1206-1207 :Sonando vã ſus nue͠uas todas atodas partes Mas le vienen a mẏo çid ſabet q̃ nos le vanThe news of him roam everywhere But more men come to my Cid, mind you, than those who leave (irse) him

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Portuguese nós and Kabuverdianu anos.

### Pronoun

nos
* we, first person plural.

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish nos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnɔs/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈnɔs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔs
* Syllabification: nos

### Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosek, augmentative nochal or nosisko, related adjective nosowy)
* (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell, sometimes of animals)
    Synonym: kichawa
* (colloquial) nose (sense of smell)
    Synonym: węch
* nose (intuition in a field)
* (by extension) nose (tip of an object, usually pointed)
** toe cap (long elongated section of a shoe for a toe)
* (obsolete, colloquial) beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
    Synonym: dziób
* (obsolete) collar (part of an oil lamp where the wick comes out)
* (Middle Polish) trunk (conspicuously extended, mobile, nose-like organ of an elephant)
    Synonym: trąba
* (Middle Polish) nostril of a fish or other aquatic swamp animal

#### Derived terms

* beznosy
* pod nosem
* przez nos
* całuj psa w nos
* nosacz
* nosal
* nosówka
* prztyczek w nos
* rzymski nos
* z palcem w nosie
* dwie dziurki w nosie i skończyło się
* nie wsadzaj nosa do cudzego prosa
* iść jak krew z nosa impf
* kręcić nosem impf
* mieć mleko pod nosem impf
* mieć muchy w nosie impf
* mieć po dziurki w nosie impf
* mieć w nosie impf
* nie wychylić nosa pf, nie wychylać nosa impf
* pasować jak pięść do nosa impf
* pilnować swojego nosa impf
* pociągnąć nosem pf, pociągać nosem impf
* podsunąć coś pod nos pf, podsuwać coś pod nos impf
* podsunąć wszystko pod nos pf, podsuwać wszystko pod nos impf
* przejść koło nosa pf, przechodzić koło nosa impf
* siedzieć z nosem impf
* sprzątnąć sprzed nosa pf, sprzątać sprzed nosa impf
* spuścić nos na kwintę pf, spuszczać nos na kwintę impf
* śmiać się w twarz impf
* uciec sprzed nosa pf, uciekać sprzed nosa impf
* uśmiechnąć się pod nosem pf, uśmiechać się pod nosem impf
* utrzeć nosa pf, ucierać nosa impf
* widzieć tylko czubek własnego nosa impf
* wodzić za nos impf
* wsadzić nos pf, wsadzać nos impf
* wsadzić nos w nie swoje sprawy pf, wsadzać nos w nie swoje sprawy impf
* wyczuć pismo nosem pf, czuć pismo nosem impf
* zadzierać nosa impf
* zagrać na nosie pf, grać na nosie impf
* zakręcić w nosie pf, kręcić w nosie impf
* zamknąć drzwi przed nosem pf, zamykać drzwi przed nosem impf

### Further reading

* nos in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* nos in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “nos”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* “NOS”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 25.06.2009
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “nos”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “nos”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “nos”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 408

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

#### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -us
* (Brazil) IPA: /nus/
* (Brazil) IPA: /nus/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /nuʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /nos/
* (Portugal) IPA: /nuʃ/
* Hyphenation: nos

#### Pronoun

nos
* inflection of nós:
** accusative
** dative
    Ele dir-nos-ia o nome do indivíduo. (Portugal)He would tell us the name of the individual.
    Ele nos diria o nome do indivíduo. (Brazil)He would tell us the name of the individual.

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

#### See also
### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

nos
* Obsolete spelling of nós.

### Etymology 3

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, clipping of enos, from en (“in”) + os (“the”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /nus/
* (Brazil) IPA: /nus/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /nuʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /nos/
* (Portugal) IPA: /nuʃ/
* Hyphenation: nos

#### Contraction

nos m pl
* Contraction of em os (“in the”): masculine plural of no
** 2000, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Prisioneiro de Azkaban, Rocco, page 55:[...] o gato ronronava feliz nos braços de Hermione.[...] the cat was purring happily on Hermione's arms.

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /nus/
* (Brazil) IPA: /nus/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /nuʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /nos/
* (Portugal) IPA: /nuʃ/
* Hyphenation: nos

#### Pronoun

nos
* Alternative form of os (third-person masculine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic following a verb form ending in a nasal vowel or diphthong
    Tirem-nos daqui agora!Take them from here now!

##### Usage notes

* This form is very rarely used in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, where nominative forms are preferred over third-person direct object pronouns (which, when used, are typically placed before verbs).

## Sardinian
### Etymology

From Latin nōs, from Proto-Italic *nōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nos/

### Pronoun

nos (possessive nostru)
* we
    Synonyms: nois, nosatros
* us

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nôːs/

### Noun

nȏs m (Cyrillic spelling но̑с, diminutive nòsić, relational adjective nòsnī)
* (anatomy) nose

#### Derived terms

* nòsat
* nòsina
* nòsnica
* nȍsorog
* nȍzdrva

### Further reading

* “nos”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish nos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnɔs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔs
* Syllabification: nos

### Noun

nos m inan
* (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
    Synonym: (pejorative) kichŏl
* brush bow (front part of the sled's skid is slightly bent upwards)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* nos in dykcjonorz.eu
* nos in silling.org
* Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “nos”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 102
* Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “nos”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 452

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak nos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɔs]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

nos m inan (relational adjective nosový, diminutive noštek or nosík, augmentative nosisko)
* nose

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “nos”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Alternative forms

* noſ (Bohorič alphabet)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nosъ

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nóːs/
* Rhymes: -oːs
* Hyphenation: nos

### Noun

nọ̑s m inan
* (anatomy) nose
    Synonyms: kumara, nosek, nosič
* sense of smell
    Synonyms: voh, duh, njuh, vonj
* (figuratively) nose (ability to find, deduce something)
* nose (the tip of something)
* (obsolete) reprimand
    Synonym: ukor

#### Derived terms

* dati eno po nosu
* dati komu pod nos
* dobiti v nos
* dolg nos
* iti v nos
* izpred nosa
* moker pod nosom
* na vrat na nos
* nesti na nos
* nizek nos
* nos kaj pravi
* nọ̑sək
* nósən
* nosljáti
* nosníca
* obesiti na nos
* obrisati se pod nosom
* podaljšati nos
* pomoliti nos iz hiše
* potegniti za nos
* povesiti nos
* pred nosom
* videti dalje od svojega nosa
* vihati nos
* visoko nositi nos
* vleči za nos
* voditi za nos
* vrat na nos
* vtakniti nos
* vtikati nos
* za nosom
* zavihati nos

### See also

* dihati

### Further reading

* “nos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “nos”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish nos, from accusative Latin nōs and dative Latin nōbīs, from Proto-Italic *nōs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nos/ [nos]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -os
* Syllabification: nos

### Pronoun

nos (object pronoun)
* dative of nosotros: to us, for us
* accusative of nosotros: us
* (reflexive pronoun) reflexive of nosotros: ourselves; each other
** 1998, Roberto Bolaño, Los detectives salvajes, →ISBN, page 262:A eso de las cuatro de la mañana todos nos dijimos buenas noches.Around four in the morning, we all told each other good night.
* (archaic, formal) first person (except in vocative, and in the oblique it requirea a preposition); I (singular; compare vos)
    Venga a nos el tu reino. Ruege por nos, Santa Madre de Dios.May your kingdom come to us. Pray for us, Holy Mother of God.

#### Derived terms

* entre nos
* nos vemos

### Noun

nos m pl
* plural of no

### See also

| | | | | nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive |
| first person | singular | singular | singular | yo | me | me | mí$^1$ |
| first person | plural | masculine$^2$ | masculine$^2$ | nosotros | nos | nos | nosotros |
| first person | plural | feminine | feminine | nosotras | nos | nos | nosotras |
| second person | singular | tuteo | tuteo | tú | te | te | ti$^1$ |
| second person | singular | voseo | voseo | vos | te | te | vos |
| second person | singular | formal$^3$ | formal$^3$ | usted | le, se$^4$ | lo/la$^5$ | usted |
| second person | plural | familiar$^6$ | masculine$^2$ | vosotros | os | os | vosotros |
| second person | plural | familiar$^6$ | feminine | vosotras | os | os | vosotras |
| second person | plural | formal/general$^3$ | formal/general$^3$ | ustedes | les, se$^4$ | los/las$^5$ | ustedes |
| third person | singular | masculine$^2$ | masculine$^2$ | él | le, se$^4$ | lo | él |
| third person | singular | feminine | feminine | ella | le, se$^4$ | la | ella |
| third person | singular | neuter | neuter | ello$^7$ | le, se$^4$ | lo | ello |
| third person | plural | masculine$^2$ | masculine$^2$ | ellos | les, se$^4$ | los | ellos |
| third person | plural | feminine | feminine | ellas | les, se$^4$ | las | ellas |
| third person | reflexive | reflexive | reflexive | — | se | se | sí$^1$ |
* Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
* Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
* Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
* If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
* Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
* Used primarily in Spain
* Used only in rare circumstances

### References

* nos

### Further reading

* “nos”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse nǫs, from Proto-Germanic *nasō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

### Noun

nos c
* a nose of an animal
    Hundar har en mycket känslig nosDogs have a very sensitive nose
* (colloquial, humorous) the (area around the) nose and mouth of a human
    Synonym: (human nose) näsa
* something that resembles a nose
    noshjulnosewheel

#### Related terms

* näsa (human nose)
* nosa
* sötnos

#### See also

* mule

### References

* nos in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* nos in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* nos in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* -son, ons, sno, son

## Volapük
### Pronoun

nos
* nothing

## Walloon
### Etymology

From Old French nos, from Latin nos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔ/

### Pronoun

nos
* we

#### Related terms

* nozôtes

## Welsh
### Etymology

* PIE word
* *nókʷts
From Middle Welsh nos, according to Matasovic, a loanword from Latin nox (“night”), but according to Falileyev, from Old Welsh nos, from Proto-Celtic *noxt-stu-, a suffixed form of *noxs (“night”) (the expected Welsh descendant of this would be **noeth).
Cognates include Breton noz, Cornish nos and Gaulish nox.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /noːs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -oːs

### Noun

nos f (uncountable, not mutable)
* night, evening

#### Usage notes

* Nos (“night, evening”) generally refers to the uncoutable period of darkness. The word is also used with the names of evenings and nights of days of the week, with holiday and festival names and in the phrase Nos da (“Good night”). It is therefore the opposite of dydd (“day”).
       yn ystod y nos ― during the night
       nos Wener ― Friday evening/night
       Nos Galan ― New Year's Eve
* Noson (“night, evening”), on the other hand, is countable and refers to an individual evening or night and so is the word used when employing a qualifying numeral or adjective. It sits in contrast to the word diwrnod (“day”).
       noson wych ― a great evening/night
       tair noson ― three nights
* Noswaith (“evening”) is used in phrase Noswaith dda (“Good evening”). It is also synonymous to noson in some southern dialects.
       (South Wales) tair noswaith ― three nights

#### Derived terms

* brig y nos (“gloaming; twilight”)
* dan lenni'r nos (“ under cover of darkness”)
* echnos (“the night before last”)
* gyda'r nos (“at night, in the evening”)
* llwydnos (“dusk, twilight”, literally “grey night”)
* min nos (“evening, twilight”, literally “the edge of night”)
* nos da (“goodnight”)
* noson (“evening; night”)
* noswaith (“evening”)
* pythefnos (“fortnight”, literally “fifteen nights”)
* wythnos (“week”, literally “eight nights”)

#### Related terms

* heno (“tonight”)
* neithiwr (“last night”)
* trannoeth (“the day after”)

## Western Apache
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nòs]

### Noun

nos
* manzanita plant

#### Usage notes

* occurs only in Dilzhe’eh (Tonto) dialect

### See also

* dinos "manzanita"