# virus
## English

Wikispecies

### Etymology

From Middle English virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: vīʹrəs, IPA: /ˈvaɪɹəs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪɹəs

### Noun

virus (countable and uncountable, plural viruses or (rare) virusses or (rare) vira or (proscribed) viri or (proscribed) virii)
* A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and that sometimes causes disease in the host organism (such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms).
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:virus
** 2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 64:Viruses are the smallest and most simplified forms of life.
** 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.
** A species thereof.
    Meronym: virion (individual particle)
    Some viruses, such as norovirus, cause sporadic outbreaks of gastroenteritis.
** (occasionally proscribed) An individual particle thereof: synonym of virion.
    Under electron microscopy, a few viruses were seen floating near the cells.
* (uncountable) A quantity of such infectious agents, considered en masse.
    Not much virus was detectable on a nucleic acid test; the viral load was very low.
** 2006, Norman E. Borlaug, Anthony Cunningham, Jane I. Guyer, Hans R. Herren, Calestous Juma, Akinlawon Mabogunje, Barbara Underwood, Montague Yudelman, chapter 1, in Lost Crops of Africa: Volume 2: Vegetables (U.S. National Research Council Consensus Study Report)‎ (non-fiction), Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, archived from the original on 2021-09-02, page xviii:Unless professionally inspected, they [plants] may also carry along unseen pests and diseases (particularly small insects and microbes such as virus or bacteria) whose populations might explode catastrophically in new locations.
* (informal, metonymically) A disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.
    He's got a virus and had to stay home from school.
* (archaic) Venom, as produced by a poisonous animal etc.
** 1890, Aluísio Azevedo, The Slum:Brazil, that inferno where every budding flower and every buzzing bluebottle fly bears a lascivious virus.
* (computing) A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.
** 2004 November 15, Michael Chapman; Matthew Chapman, “Strong Bad Email #118: virus”, in Homestar Runner‎, spoken by Strong Bad (Matthew Chapman):Wait a minute! Is this one of those virus emails?!
* (computing, proscribed) Any type of malware.
* (figurative) Any malicious or dangerous entity that spreads from one place or person to another.
** 2011, Pat Mesiti, The $1 Million Reason to Change Your Mind:I am tired of the mind viruses that are crippling people living in the western world — especially in my own nation. Sadly, Australia is becoming known as a nation of whingers.

#### Hypernyms

* (computing): malware

#### Hyponyms

* antivirus
* cryptovirus
* adeno-associated virus
* African swine fever virus
* BK virus
* black queen cell virus
* Bourbon virus
* B virus
* camelpox virus
* canine distemper virus
* CCP virus
* China virus
* Chinese virus
* Chronic bee paralysis virus
* chronic bee paralysis virus
* cloudy wing virus
* corona-virus
* coronavirus
* corona virus
* cowpox virus
* crown virus
* cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus
* deformed wing virus
* DNA virus
* Ebola virus
* Epstein-Barr virus
* GB virus C
* giant virus
* Grampus griseus endogenous virus
* helper virus
* hepatitis delta virus
* herpes simplex virus
* HIV virus
* Hosta virus X
* human immunodeficiency virus
* human immunodeficiency virus 1
* human immunodeficiency virus 2
* idea virus
* Jamestown Canyon virus
* JC virus
* Junin virus
* Kakugo virus
* Kunjin virus
* Lassa virus
* Machupo virus
* macro virus
* Marburg virus
* Marburg virus disease
* mosaic virus
* Neethling virus
* Nipah virus
* Norwalk virus
* passenger virus
* potato virus X
* Qalyub virus
* respiratory syncytial virus
* Reston virus
* rhinovirus
* RNA virus
* Ross River virus
* Rous sarcoma virus
* Schmallenberg virus
* Sendai virus
* simian immunodeficiency virus
* Tulane virus
* tulip-breaking virus
* varicella zoster virus
* walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus
* West Nile virus
* Wuhan virus
* Zika virus

#### Derived terms

* adenovirus
* AIDS virus
* antiviral
* bacteriovirus
* baculovirus
* badnavirus
* becurtovirus
* bidnavirus
* birnavirus
* carcinovirus
* cardiovirus
* countervirus
* curtovirus
* encephalovirus
* enterovirus
* entomovirus
* Four Corners virus
* frankenvirus
* girus
* halovirus
* hepatitis A virus
* hepatitis B virus
* hepatitis C virus
* hepatitis D virus
* hepatitis E virus
* hepatitis G virus
* hypovirus
* immunovirus
* influenzavirus
* intervirus
* leukaemiavirus
* lymphocryptovirus
* macrovirus
* megavirus
* microvirus
* mimivirus
* Muerto Canyon virus
* mycovirus
* myxovirus
* neurovirus
* nonvirus
* omicron virus
* Omicron virus
* oncovirus
* palaeovirus
* paleovirus
* papillomavirus
* parainfluenzavirus
* paramyxovirus
* parvovirus
* phycovirus
* phytovirus
* poliovirus
* polyomavirus
* poxvirus
* protovirus
* provirus
* pseudovirus
* retrovirus
* ribodeoxyvirus
* ribovirus
* spiravirus
* subvirus
* supervirus
* tetravirus
* ultravirus
* viral
* viricide
* virion
* viroid
* virokine
* virosis
* viruscide
* virusemia
* virusless
* viruslike
* virusoid
* virusproof
* virus-proof
* virussy
* woke mind virus

#### Descendants

* → Amharic: ቫይረስ (vayräs)
* → Bengali: ভাইরাস (bhairaś)
* → Burmese: ဗိုင်းရပ်စ် (buing:rapc)
* → Dhivehi: ވައިރަސް (vairas)
* → Hindi: वायरस (vāyras)
* → Japanese: バイラス (bairasu)
* → Kannada: ವೈರಸ್ (vairas)
* → Korean: 바이러스 (baireoseu)
* → Lao: ໄວຣັສ (wai rat)
* → Malay: virus
* → Malayalam: വൈറസ് (vaiṟasŭ)
* → Maltese: vajrus
* → Sinhalese: වෛරස (wairasa)
* → Telugu: వైరస్ (vairas)
* → Thai: ไวรัส (wai-rát)
* → Urdu: وائرس

#### Translations
### Verb

virus (third-person singular simple present viruses, present participle virusing, simple past and past participle virused)
* (nonstandard, rare) To send or infect an electronic device with a computer virus.
    I'm just going to virus anyone who tries cheating on this game.

### See also

* prion

### Further reading

* Plural form of words ending in -us § Virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Computer virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Virus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbiɾus/ [ˈbi.ɾus]

### Noun

virus m (plural virus)
* virus

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin vīrus.

### Noun

virus (definite accusative virusu, plural viruslar)
* (medicine) virus
* (computing) computer virus

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “virus” in Obastan.com.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈbi.ɾus]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈvi.ɾus]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

virus m (invariable)
* virus

#### Related terms

* viral
* víric

## Cornish
### Pronunciation

* (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA: [ˈviːrʏs]
* (Revived Late Cornish) IPA: [ˈviːrɪz]

### Noun

virus m (plural virusys)
* virus

### References

* Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga's Online Dictionary
* Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (in Cornish), 2018, published 2018, page 190

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian вирус (virus).

### Noun

virus
* (virology) virus

#### Declension
### References

* “virus”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Czech
### Alternative forms

* vir

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪrus]

### Noun

virus m inan
* (virology) virus (a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure)
* (computing) virus (a type of computer malware)

#### Related terms

* antivirový
* odvirovat
* virální
* virolog
* virologický
* virologie
* virový
* zavirovat

### Further reading

* “virus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “virus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “virus”, in Akademický slovník cizích slov at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz [Academic dictionary of foreign words] (in Czech), 1995

## Danish
### Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

### Noun

virus c or n (singular definite virussen or virusset, plural indefinite virus or virusser or vira, plural definite virussene or virusserne or viraene)
* virus

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Latin vīrus. Coined in the virological sense by Martinus Beijerinck; the word had been previously used for pathogens, although not for viruses in the modern sense. The computing sense derives from English virus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈviː.rʏs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: vi‧rus

### Noun

virus n (plural virussen, diminutive virusje n)
* (microbiology) virus
* (computer science) virus (computer virus)

#### Usage notes

Like most Latin borrowings, this word kept its original Latin gender (neuter); it is one of the few Dutch words ending in -us which is not masculine; cf. also corpus and opus. Marginally, use as a masculine noun is sometimes erroneously encountered, indeed based on the ending.

#### Derived terms

* computervirus
* coronavirus
* ebolavirus
* griepvirus
* herpesvirus
* marburgvirus
* norovirus
* viraal
* virusdeeltje
* virusdrager
* virusinfectie
* virusremmer
* virusvariant
* virusvrij

#### Related terms

* viroloog

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋirus/, [ˈʋirus̠]
* IPA: /ˈʋiːrus/, [ˈʋiːrus̠] (proscribed)
* Rhymes: -irus
* Hyphenation: vi‧rus

### Noun

virus
* virus
* (computer security) virus (computer virus)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of virus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
virukseni
virukseni
accusative
nom.
virukseni
virukseni
gen.
virukseni
genitive
virukseni
virusteni viruksieni
partitive
virustani
viruksiani
inessive
viruksessani
viruksissani
elative
viruksestani
viruksistani
illative
virukseeni
viruksiini
adessive
viruksellani
viruksillani
ablative
virukseltani
viruksiltani
allative
virukselleni
viruksilleni
essive
viruksenani
viruksinani
translative
viruksekseni
viruksikseni
abessive
viruksettani
viruksittani
instructive
comitative
—viruksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
viruksesi
viruksesi
accusative
nom.
viruksesi
viruksesi
gen.
viruksesi
genitive
viruksesi
virustesi viruksiesi
partitive
virustasi
viruksiasi
inessive
viruksessasi
viruksissasi
elative
viruksestasi
viruksistasi
illative
virukseesi
viruksiisi
adessive
viruksellasi
viruksillasi
ablative
virukseltasi
viruksiltasi
allative
viruksellesi
viruksillesi
essive
viruksenasi
viruksinasi
translative
virukseksesi
viruksiksesi
abessive
viruksettasi
viruksittasi
instructive
comitative
—viruksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
viruksemme
viruksemme
accusative
nom.
viruksemme
viruksemme
gen.
viruksemme
genitive
viruksemme
virustemme viruksiemme
partitive
virustamme
viruksiamme
inessive
viruksessamme
viruksissamme
elative
viruksestamme
viruksistamme
illative
virukseemme
viruksiimme
adessive
viruksellamme
viruksillamme
ablative
virukseltamme
viruksiltamme
allative
viruksellemme
viruksillemme
essive
viruksenamme
viruksinamme
translative
virukseksemme
viruksiksemme
abessive
viruksettamme
viruksittamme
instructive
comitative
—viruksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
viruksenne
viruksenne
accusative
nom.
viruksenne
viruksenne
gen.
viruksenne
genitive
viruksenne
virustenne viruksienne
partitive
virustanne
viruksianne
inessive
viruksessanne
viruksissanne
elative
viruksestanne
viruksistanne
illative
virukseenne
viruksiinne
adessive
viruksellanne
viruksillanne
ablative
virukseltanne
viruksiltanne
allative
viruksellenne
viruksillenne
essive
viruksenanne
viruksinanne
translative
virukseksenne
viruksiksenne
abessive
viruksettanne
viruksittanne
instructive
comitative
—viruksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
viruksensa
viruksensa
accusative
nom.
viruksensa
viruksensa
gen.
viruksensa
genitive
viruksensa
virustensa viruksiensa
partitive
virustaan virustansa
viruksiaan viruksiansa
inessive
viruksessaan viruksessansa
viruksissaan viruksissansa
elative
viruksestaan viruksestansa
viruksistaan viruksistansa
illative
virukseensa
viruksiinsa
adessive
viruksellaan viruksellansa
viruksillaan viruksillansa
ablative
virukseltaan virukseltansa
viruksiltaan viruksiltansa
allative
virukselleen viruksellensa
viruksilleen viruksillensa
essive
viruksenaan viruksenansa
viruksinaan viruksinansa
translative
viruksekseen virukseksensa
viruksikseen viruksiksensa
abessive
viruksettaan viruksettansa
viruksittaan viruksittansa
instructive
comitative
—viruksineen viruksinensa :

#### Derived terms

* antivirusohjelma
* bakulovirus
* ebolavirus
* flunssavirus
* hepatiittivirus
* herpesvirus
* HI-virus
* influenssavirus
* makrovirus
* papilloomavirus
* poliovirus
* rokkovirus
* syylävirus
* syöpävirus
* tietokonevirus
* tuhkarokkovirus
* vesirokkovirus
* vihurirokkovirus
* viruksentorjuntaohjelma
* virushepatiitti
* virusinfektio
* viruslinko
* virusmuunnos
* virusohjelma
* virusoppi
* virusperäinen
* virusripuli
* virussuojaus
* virustartunta
* virustauti
* virustentorjuntaohjelma
* virustorjunta

### Further reading

* “virus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

### Anagrams

* virsu

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vi.ʁys/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

virus m (plural virus)
* virus

#### Derived terms

* coronavirus
* virus à ADN
* virus à ARN
* virus informatique

### Further reading

* “virus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”).

### Noun

virus m (invariable)
* virus (pathogen)
* computer virus

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa. The computing sense is a semantic loan from English virus.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈvirus/ [ˈfi.rʊs]
* Rhymes: -irus
* Syllabification: vi‧rus

### Noun

virus
* virus; a type of submicroscopic infectious organism
* virus (in quantity)
    Synonym: (uncommon) virus utuh
* (metonymically) virus, viral illness
* (computing) virus; a type of spreading malware
* (computing, colloquial) virus; any type of malware
    Synonym: perangkat pembahaya

#### Hyponyms

* virus komputer (“computer virus”)
* virus korona (“corona virus”)
* virus mosaik (“mosaic virus”)
* virus utuh (“virus (in quantity)”)

#### Derived terms

* bervirus (“viral, containing virus”)

#### Related terms

* antivirus
* viral

### Further reading

* “virus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Noun

virus (plural viruses)
* virus

#### Related terms

* virusal

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvi.rus/
* Rhymes: -irus
* Hyphenation: vì‧rus

### Noun

virus m (invariable)
* (virology) virus

### Further reading

* virus in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Ladino
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvirus/

### Noun

virus m
* virus
** 2018 February 7, Dora Niyego, “El Antisemitizmo De Oy”, in Şalom‎:El antisemitizmo es un prejudizio, komo un virus.Antisemitism is a prejudice, like a virus.

## Latin
### Etymology

Via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Cognates include Sanskrit विष (viṣá), Ancient Greek ἰός (iós, “poison”), Tocharian B wase, and Middle Irish fí. The neuter gender of this term despite its nominative singular ending in the masculine second-declension -us is possibly a relic of this term's inheritance from a neuter s-stem.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯iː.rus/, [ˈu̯iːrʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈvi.rus/, [ˈviːrus]

### Noun

vīrus n sg (genitive vīrī); second declension
* venom (a poisonous substance secreted by animals or plants)
* a plant- or animal-sourced substance with medicinal or magical properties
* a liquid element that makes something taste or smell bitter or acrid
** (transferred sense) bitterness, acrimony (of speech, manner or disposition)
* (New Latin) a virus (infectious organism)

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative in -us), singular only.
* There is also the heteroclitic genitive singular vīrūs.
* When used in modern biology with the same meaning of English virus, a plural can be formed using the same suffixes of regular neuters of the 2nd declension (i.e., vīra, vīrōrum, vīrīs, vīra, vīrīs, vīra):
Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative plural in -a).

#### Synonyms

* (poison): venēnum

#### Derived terms

* vīrōsus
* vīrulentus
* vīrus corōnārium

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: virus m
* → Arabic: فَيْرُوس m (fayrūs)
** Hijazi Arabic: ڤَيْرُوس m (vayrūs)
* → Armenian: վիրուս (virus)
* → Asturian: virus m
* → Belarusian: ві́рус m (vírus)
* → Catalan: virus m
* → Czech: virus m
* → Danish: virus c or n
* → Dutch: virus n
* → English: virus
** → Amharic: ቫይረስ (vayräs)
** → Bengali: ভাইরাস (bhairaś)
** → Burmese: ဗိုင်းရပ်စ် (buing:rapc)
** → Dhivehi: ވައިރަސް (vairas)
** → Hindi: वायरस (vāyras)
** → Japanese: バイラス (bairasu)
** → Kannada: ವೈರಸ್ (vairas)
** → Korean: 바이러스 (baireoseu)
** → Lao: ໄວຣັສ (wai rat)
** → Malay: virus
** → Malayalam: വൈറസ് (vaiṟasŭ)
** → Maltese: vajrus
** → Sinhalese: වෛරස (wairasa)
** → Telugu: వైరస్ (vairas)
** → Thai: ไวรัส (wai-rát)
** → Urdu: وائرس
* → Esperanto: viruso
* → Estonian: viirus
* → French: virus m
* → Finnish: virus
* → Galician: virus m
* → Georgian: ვირუსი (virusi)
* → German: Virus n or m
* → Hungarian: vírus
* → Ido: viruso
* → Italian: virus m
* → Japanese: ウイルス (uirusu), ウィルス (wirusu), ビールス (bīrusu)
* → Kannada: ವೈರಸ್ (vairas)
* → Khmer: វីរុស (viiruh)
* → Latvian: vīruss m
* → Macedonian: вирус m (virus)
* → Maltese: vajrus m
* → Norwegian Bokmål: virus n
* → Pashto: ويروس m
* → Persian: ویروس
* → Piedmontese: vìros, vìrus m
* → Polish: wirus m anim
* → Portuguese: vírus m
* → Romanian: virus n
* → Russian: ви́рус m anim or m inan (vírus)
* → Serbo-Croatian: ви́рус m (vírus)
* → Sinhalese: වෛරස (wairasa)
* → Spanish: virus m
* → Swahili: virusi
* → Swedish: virus n
* → Tagalog: birus
* → Telugu: వైరస్ (vairas)
* → Turkish: virüs
* → Ukrainian: ві́рус m (vírus)
* → Vietnamese: vi-rút
* → Volapük: virud
* → West Frisian: firus
* → Yiddish: ווירוס m (virus)

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vīrus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 682-683
* ↑ William T. Stearn, Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary, ed. 3a (David & Charles, 1983): "Virus: virus (s.n. II), gen. sing. viri, nom. pl. vira, gen. pl. vīrorum (to be distinguished from virorum, of men)."

### Further reading

* "virus", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "virus". in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "virus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* "virus", in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
* “uīrus” on page 2286 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

### Anagrams

* rivus

## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvʲɪrʊs/

### Participle

vi̇̀rus
* active adverbial past half-participle of vi̇̀rti

## Malay
### Etymology

From English virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /virus/, /vajrəs/

### Noun

virus (plural virus-virus, informal 1st possessive virusku, 2nd possessive virusmu, 3rd possessive virusnya)
* virus:
** (biology, virology) A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.

## Northern Sami
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

virus
* virus

#### Inflection
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

### Noun

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa or virusene)
* (biology, virology) virus
* (computing) virus (computer virus) (see datavirus)

### References

* “virus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin virus.

### Noun

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa)
* (biology, virology) virus
* (computing) virus (computer virus) (see datavirus)

### References

* “virus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French virus, Latin vīrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvirus/
* Rhymes: -irus
* Hyphenation: vi‧rus

### Noun

virus n (plural virusuri)
* (virology) virus (a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure)

#### Declension
### Noun

virus m (plural viruși)
* (computing) virus (a type of computer malware)

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

vírus m (Cyrillic spelling ви́рус)
* (medicine) virus (DNA/RNA causing disease)
* (computing) computer virus

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbiɾus/ [ˈbi.ɾus]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -iɾus
* Syllabification: vi‧rus

### Noun

virus m (plural virus)
* virus
* computer virus

#### Derived terms

* antivirus
* coronavirus
* viral
* vírico
* virulento
* virus de inmunodeficiencia humana
* virus FIFA

### Further reading

* “virus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Latin vīrus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈviːrɵs/
* Rhymes: -¹iːrɵs

### Noun

virus n
* (biology, virology) virus
* (computing) computer virus
    Synonyms: datavirus, datorvirus

#### Derived terms

* antivirus
* virusinfektion
* virussmitta
* virussjukdom
* virusskydd
* virusstam

#### Related terms

* viral

#### See also

* bacill
* bakterie

### References

* virus in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* virus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* virus in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* bayrus, vayrus
* birus

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English virus, from Latin vīrus. Doublet of bisa and birus. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈvajɾus/ [ˈvaɪ̯.ɾʊs]
** IPA: (more native-sounding) /ˈbajɾus/ [ˈbaɪ̯.ɾʊs]
** Rhymes: -ajɾus
* (nonstandard) IPA: /ˈviɾus/ [ˈviː.ɾʊs]
** IPA: (more native-sounding) /ˈbiɾus/ [ˈbiː.ɾʊs]
** Rhymes: -iɾus
* Syllabification: vi‧rus

### Noun

virus (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ or ᜊᜒᜇᜓᜐ᜔)
* (biology, virology) virus
    Synonyms: birus, (neologism) haykap
* (computing) computer virus

### Further reading

* “virus”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018