# buk
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Korean 북 (buk).

### Noun

buk (plural buks)
* a traditional Korean drum

### Further reading

* Buk (drum) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch bukken, from Middle Dutch bucken, from Old Dutch *bukken, from Proto-Germanic *bukkijaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bœk/

### Verb

buk (present buk, present participle bukkende, past participle gebuk)
* (intransitive) to crouch, to duck

## Blagar
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buk/

### Noun

buk
* book

### References

* H. Steinhauer, "Going" and "Coming" in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura--Alor--Indonesia) (1977)

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bukъ, apparently from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech tree”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbuk]

### Noun

buk m inan (diminutive bouček)
* beech (beech tree)

#### Derived terms

* bučina
* buk lesní
* bukový
* bukvice

### Further reading

* “buk”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “buk”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “buk”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Noun

buk
* ram (male sheep)
* male goat

## Dupaningan Agta
### Noun

buk
* head hair

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʏk

### Verb

buk
* inflection of bukken:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buːk/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

buk
* first/third-person singular preterite of backen

#### Usage notes

Sometimes treated as weak verb (backte). See backen.

## Iban
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *buək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək, from Proto-Austronesian *bukəS.

### Noun

buk
* (anatomy) hair

## Ida'an
### Etymology

From English book.

### Noun

buk
* book

### References

* Nelleke Elisabeth Goudswaard, The Begak (Ida'an) language of Sabah (2005)

## Indonesian
### Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈbuk/ [ˈbʊk̚]
* Rhymes: -uk
* Syllabification: buk

#### Noun

buk (plural buk-buk)
* thud, bam; a sound of a large ripe fruit or heavy object falling to the ground
    Synonym: debuk

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈbuʔ/ [ˈbʊʔ]
* Rhymes: -uʔ
* Syllabification: buk

#### Noun

buk
* (vocative, informal) Alternative form of ibu (“mother; madam”)

### Etymology 3

From Dutch boek (“to book”) or English book (“to book”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈbuk/ [ˈbʊk̚]
* Rhymes: -uk
* Syllabification: buk

#### Verb

buk
* (colloquial) to book, to reserve
    Synonym: pesan

##### Derived terms

* mengebuk

### Further reading

* “buk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Jamaican Creole
### Etymology

Derived from English book.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʊk/

### Noun

buk (plural buk dem, quantified buk)
* book

### Further reading

* buk at majstro.com
* buk on the Jamaican Creole Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{jam}$

## Javanese
### Alternative forms

* Carakan: ꦧꦸꦏ꧀
* Roman: boek (dated)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch boek (“book”).

### Noun

buk (krama ngoko buk)
* Alternative spelling of buku

### References

* The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2011) “buk”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), 2nd edition, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN

## Karo Batak
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək, from Proto-Austronesian *bukəS.

### Noun

buk
* hair (filament which grows on the human head)

### References

* Ahmad Samin Siregar et al. (2001). Kamus Bahasa Karo–Indonesia. Medan: Balai Pustaka, p. 30.

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bukъ. Cognate with Upper Sorbian buk, Polish buk, Czech buk, Russian бук (buk), and Serbo-Croatian bȕkva.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buk/

### Noun

buk m inan
* beech (tree of genus Fagus)
* (specifically) European beech, Fagus sylvatica

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “buk”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “buk”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

## Maguindanao
### Noun

buk
* head hair

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

buk
* Alternative form of bok (“book”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

buk
* Alternative form of bouk (“belly”)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

buk
* Alternative form of bukke (“buck”)

## Middle Low German
### Etymology

From Old Saxon būk, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, body”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buːk/

### Noun

bûk m (genitive bukes, dative buke)
* stomach, belly, abdomen, torso
* carcass (a slaughtered animal)

#### Synonyms

* lif (body, figurative for belly)
* mage (stomach)

## Nigerian Pidgin
### Noun

buk
* book

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* bök (Mooring)
* Bok (Sylt)

### Etymology

From Old Frisian bōk, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Compare West Frisian boek.

### Noun

buk n (plural buken)
* (Föhr-Amrum) book

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse búkr.

### Noun

buk m (definite singular buken, indefinite plural buker, definite plural bukene)
* belly, abdomen, stomach

#### Synonyms

* mage

#### Derived terms

* buktaler

### References

* “buk” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse búkr.

### Noun

buk m (definite singular buken, indefinite plural bukar, definite plural bukane)
* belly, abdomen, stomach

#### Synonyms

* mage

#### Derived terms

* buktalar

### References

* “buk” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Frisian
### Noun

būk m
* belly

#### Inflection
## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bukъ. First attested in 1398.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /buk/
* IPA: (15th CE) /buk/

### Noun

buk m animacy unattested (related adjective bukowy)
* (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) common beech (Fagus sylvatica)
** 1856-1870 [1398], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki‎, volume VIII, number 7586:Pro CCC arboribus buk[Pro CCC arboribus buk]
** 1868 [1451], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego‎, volume XII, page 210:Ubicunąue fagus al. buk seu szyr fructum dederit in silvis regalibus[Ubicunąue fagus al. buk seu żyr fructum dederit in silvis regalibus]
** 1868 [1460], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego‎, volume VIII, page 137:In quo scopulo stat arbor dicta fagus al. buk[In quo scopulo stat arbor dicta fagus al. buk]
** 1864 [15th century], Jan Długosz, edited by Aleksander Przezdziecki, Liber beneficiorum dioecesis Cracoviensis nunc primum e codice autographo‎, volume III, Krakow, page 356:Stant duae arbores, videlicet iawor et buk[Stant duae arbores, videlicet iawor et buk]
** 1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎, number 10832:Buk fagus[Buk fagus]
** 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎, number 220:Buk faginula[Buk faginula]
** c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 49v:Fagus est quedam arbor eyn buchenbawme bvk[Fagus est quedam arbor eyn buchenbawme buk]
** 1861 [1422], Józef Przyborowski, editor, Vetustissimam adiectivorum linguae Polonae declinationem monumentis ineditis illustravit, Greater Poland, page 16:Ty dwa kona, *czosme wsal Jaroszeuiczu oth buku tym wsal w prawem[Ty dwa konia, cośm wziął Jaroszewiczu ot buku, tym wziął w prawem]
** 1874-1891 [XV p. pr.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎, volume XVI, page 346:S buk w de fago[S buk w de fago]
** [1415], Rękopiśmienne luźne ekscerpty z ksiąg ziemskich i grodzkich kościańskich, poznańskich oraz pyzdrskich, number f. 39v, Kościan, Poznań, Pyzdry:Sexagena bukow, grabi, brostow[Sexagena bukow, grabi, brzostow]
* (hapax legomenon) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
** boxwood (Buxus sempervirens)
** 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 73:Buk buxus[Buk buxus]

#### Derived terms

* buczyna

#### Related terms

* bukiew
* bukowie
* bukowina

#### Descendants

* Polish: buk
* Silesian: buk

### References

* Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “buk”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
* Mańczak, Witold (2017) “buk”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
* Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “buk”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “buk”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
* K. Nitsch, editor (1954), “buk”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 176
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “buk”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
* Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “buk”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish buk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbuk/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈbuk/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈbuk]
* (Borderlands):
** (Southern Borderlands) IPA: [ˈbuk]
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -uk
* Syllabification: buk
* Homophones: bóg, Bóg, Bug, Buk

### Noun

buk m inan (diminutive buczek, related adjective bukowy)
* beech (any tree of the genus Fagus)
* (Przemyśl, Southern Boderlands, Kamianets-Podilskyi) thick stick; club
    Hypernym: kij
* (Przemyśl) hit, blow
    Synonym: uderzenie

#### Declension
### Noun

buk m inan
* beechwood (wood of the beech tree)
    Synonym: buczyna

#### Derived terms

* buczyna
* bukiew
* bukowate
* bukowina
* bukówka

### Further reading

* buk in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* buk in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* buk in PWN's encyclopedia
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “buk”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* Jadwiga Chotkowska (27.09.2012) “BUK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “buk”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “buk”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “buk”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 230
* Jan Karłowicz (1900) “buk”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 135
* buk in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
* Aleksander Saloni (1908) “buk”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 332

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From bȕka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bûːk/

### Noun

bȗk m (Cyrillic spelling бу̑к)
* cascade, rapids, cataract
* waterfall
* the sound of a strong water stream

#### Synonyms

* vodopad (waterfall)

### References

* “buk”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish buk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbuk/
* Rhymes: -uk
* Syllabification: buk

### Noun

buk m inan (diminutive buczek, related adjective bukowy)
* beech (any tree of the genus Fagus)

### Further reading

* buk in silling.org
* Eugeniusz Kosmała (2023) “buk”, in Dykcjōnôrz Polsko-Ślonskiy (in Silesian), b, page 120

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish būker, from Old Norse búkr, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw-. Doublet of buga, böja, and bukt.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ʉːk

### Noun

buk c
* belly
* abdomen
* paunch

#### Derived terms

* bukfena
* bukfetma
* bukfylla
* bukgjord
* bukhinna
* bukhinneinflammation
* bukhåla
* bukig
* bukighet
* buklanda
* buklandning
* bukmuskel
* buksmärta
* bukspott (“pancreatic juice”)
* bukspottkörtel
* bukstinn
* buksvamp
* buksvåger (“Eskimo brother”)
* buktala
* buktalare
* buktaleri
* bukvägg
* girigbuk
* hängbuk
* isterbuk
* vassbuk

### References

* buk in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* buk in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* buk in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH
* buk in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* kub

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English book.

### Noun

buk
* book

#### Descendants

* → Rotokas: vuku

## Volapük
### Etymology

From English book.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buk/

### Noun

buk (nominative plural buks)
* book
** 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 15:Buk, keli elegivol obe, binon jönik.The book you have given to me is beautiful.

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Derived terms

* bukabled
* bukem
* bukeman
* bukemik
* buk fliodik
* bukik
* bukiselidöp
* bukitanädan
* fliodabuk
* lebuk
* vödabuk

#### See also

* fliod
* gased

## West Flemish
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch buc, variant of boc, from Old Dutch buc, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bək/

### Noun

buk m (plural buks, diminutive buktje)
* buck, male goat, male rabbit

## Yogad
### Noun

buk
* hair