# hamba
## Estonian
### Noun

hamba
* genitive singular of hammas

## Fanagalo
### Etymology

From Zulu -hamba.

### Verb

hamba
* to go, to walk
* to travel

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* ambo

### Etymology

From Malay hamba, from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ham.ba/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -amba, -ba, -a

### Noun

hamba (plural hamba-hamba)
* slave; thrall; servant

### Pronoun

hamba
* (archaic, humble) I, me, my, your servant

#### Usage notes

Hamba as pronoun still used in daily life, especially in prayer.

#### Synonyms

Indonesian first-person pronouns:
* aye, ogut, gue, gua (Jakarta)
* aku (informal)
* daku (poetic)
* saya (polite)
* hamba
* kami (euphemism)

### Derived terms

* berhamba
* diperhamba
* memperhamba
* memperhambakan
* menghamba
* menghambai
* menghambakan
* penghamba
* penghambaan
* perhambaan
* hamba Allah
* hamba hukum
* hamba nafsu
* hamba raja
* hamba sahaya
* hamba tebusan

### Further reading

* “hamba” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* ambo, ambe (pronunciation spelling)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [ham.bə]
** Rhymes: -bə, -ə
* (Baku) IPA: [ham.ba]
** Rhymes: -ba, -a
* (Kelantan-Pattani) IPA: [am.bɑː]
* (Negeri Sembilan) IPA: [am.bɔ]
* (Terengganu) IPA: [am.bə]
* Hyphenation: ham‧ba

### Noun

hamba (Jawi spelling همبا, plural hamba-hamba, informal 1st possessive hambaku, 2nd possessive hambamu, 3rd possessive hambanya)
* A slave.
    Synonyms: abdi, budak, sahaya
** 1849, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, Hikayat Abdullah, page 250:Bermula orang yang empunya hamba-hamba itu kelakuannya seperti binatang yang tiada bermalu dan tiada takut kepada Allah.The slave owners began behaving like shameless animals that do not fear God.

### Pronoun

hamba (Jawi spelling همبا)
* (dialectal, Kelantan-Pattani, Negeri Sembilan, Terengganu) I (me, my).

### Descendants

* Indonesian: hamba

### References

* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “همب hamba”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 145
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “همب hamba”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, pages 685-6
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “hamba”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 391

### Further reading

* “hamba” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-hámba
* to go, to walk, to move
* to travel

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).

### Noun

hamba
* servant, common soldier, comrade

#### Derived terms

* mahamba

#### Related terms

* ambo

#### Descendants

* Javanese: ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧ (amba)

## Swazi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-hámba
* to go, to walk, to move
* to travel

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish jamba.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈhamba/ [ˈham.bɐ]
* Rhymes: -amba
* Syllabification: ham‧ba

### Noun

hamba (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜋ᜔ᜊ)
* jamb (vertical component that form the side of an opening in a wall)

#### Derived terms

* hambahan

### Further reading

* “hamba”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-hámba
* to go, to walk, to move
* to travel

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-hámba
* (intransitive) to go, to walk, to move
* (intransitive) to travel
* (transitive and intransitive) to ride, to go by (a vehicle)
* (intransitive) to leave, to depart
* (intransitive) to go on, to keep going, to proceed
* (intransitive) to work, to function, to operate

#### Derived terms

* uhambo
* inkambo

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hamba”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hamba (3.9)”