OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Malakanyang
## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* Malacañan
* Malacañang

### Etymology

Borrowed from English Malacañang, from Spanish Malacañán, from Tagalog mamalakayahan (“place of fishermen”), or malakayahan (“place for fishing”), ultimately from lakaya (“to fish”). A common folk etymology is that the name was a univerbation of may +‎ lakan +‎ diyan.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /malakanˈjaŋ/ [mɐ.lɐ.xɐˈɲaŋ]
** IPA: (no yod coalescence) /malakanˈjaŋ/ [mɐ.lɐ.xɐn̪ˈjaŋ]
* Rhymes: -aŋ
* Syllabification: Ma‧la‧kan‧yang

### Proper noun

Malakanyáng (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜃᜈ᜔ᜌᜅ᜔)
* (specifically) Malacañang (building)
* (metonymically, Philippine politics) the Philippine executive government
# grindable
## English
### Etymology

From grind +‎ -able.

### Adjective

grindable (comparative more grindable, superlative most grindable)
* Capable of being ground.

#### Derived terms

* ungrindable

### Anagrams

* beardling, blind rage, reblading
# spāniskajām
## Latvian
### Adjective

spāniskajām
* definite dative/instrumental feminine plural of spānisks
# Hắc Long Giang
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黑龍江.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [hak̚˧˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [hak̚˦˧˥ lawŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧] ~ [hak̚˦˧˥ lɔŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [hak̚˦˥ lawŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

### Proper noun

Hắc Long Giang
* Heilongjiang (a province in northeastern China)
# unikameralisme
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch unicameralisme.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /unikaməraˈlismə/ [u.ni.ka.mə.raˈlis.mə]
* Rhymes: -ismə
* Syllabification: u‧ni‧ka‧me‧ra‧lis‧me

### Noun

unikameralisme (plural unikameralisme-unikameralisme)
* (government, politics) unicameralism

#### Related terms

* unikameral

### Further reading

* “unikameralisme” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# telefoniskajiem
## Latvian
### Adjective

telefoniskajiem
* definite dative/instrumental masculine plural of telefonisks
# saldenākus
## Latvian
### Adjective

saldenākus
* accusative masculine plural of saldenāks
# grindcore
## English
### Etymology

From grind +‎ -core.

### Noun

grindcore (uncountable)
* A genre of death metal music or hardcore punk, incorporating aggressive guitar riffs, extremely rapid drumming and loud, undecipherable screaming.

#### Synonyms

* grind

#### Derived terms

* cybergrind

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* recording
# rupjākajam
## Latvian
### Adjective

rupjākajam
* definite dative masculine singular of rupjāks
# spāniskākajā
## Latvian
### Adjective

spāniskākajā
* definite locative masculine/feminine singular of spāniskāks
# unit gawat darurat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of unit (“unit”) +‎ gawat (“urgent”) +‎ darurat (“emergency”), probably from calque from Japanese 緊急救命室(きんきゅうきゅうめいしつ) (kinkyūkyūmeishitsu, “emergency room”, literally “urgent, emergency + life saving + room”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʊnɪt̚ ˈɡawat̚ ˈdarurat]

### Noun

unit gawat darurat (plural unit-unit gawat darurat)
* (healthcare) emergency room, emergency ward, emergency department, accident and emergency, casualty
    Synonyms: UGD; instalasi gawat darurat, IGD

### Further reading

* “unit gawat darurat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# telefoniskam
## Latvian
### Adjective

telefoniskam
* dative masculine singular of telefonisks
# saldeniem
## Latvian
### Adjective

saldeniem
* dative/instrumental masculine plural of saldens
# spāniskākajos
## Latvian
### Adjective

spāniskākajos
* definite locative masculine plural of spāniskāks
# rupjākajām
## Latvian
### Adjective

rupjākajām
* definite dative/instrumental feminine plural of rupjāks
# 후베이
## Korean
### Etymology

From Mandarin 湖北 (Húběi).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸʷube̞i]
* Phonetic hangul: [후베이]
| Form from Sino-Korean | 호북(湖北) (Hobuk) |
| Form from Standard Mandarin | 후베이 (Hubei) |

### Proper noun

후베이 • (Hubei)
* Hubei (a province in central China)

#### Synonyms

* (Hubei): 호북 (Hobuk)
# utopianisme
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, utopia +‎ -isme.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /u.to.pi.a.ˈnɪs.mə/
* Rhymes: -mə
* Hyphenation: u‧to‧pi‧a‧nis‧mê

### Noun

utopianismê (plural utopianisme-utopianisme)
* (philosophy) utopianism: the belief in a system for an ideal society, usually regarded as unrealistic

#### Related terms

* utopia
* utopian
* utopianisme
* utopis
# telefoniskākajam
## Latvian
### Adjective

telefoniskākajam
* definite dative masculine singular of telefoniskāks
# saldenās
## Latvian
### Adjective

saldenās
* inflection of saldens:
** locative feminine plural
** definite genitive feminine singular
** definite nominative/vocative/accusative feminine plural
# rơ-le
## Vietnamese
### Noun

rơ-le
* Alternative form of rơ-le
# spāniskākas
## Latvian
### Adjective

spāniskākas
* inflection of spāniskāks:
** genitive feminine singular
** nominative/accusative feminine plural
# rupjākai
## Latvian
### Adjective

rupjākai
* dative feminine singular of rupjāks
# 호북
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 湖北

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸʷo̞buk̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [호북]
| Form from Sino-Korean | 호북(湖北) (Hobuk) |
| Form from Standard Mandarin | 후베이 (Hubei) |

### Proper noun

호북 • (Hobuk) (hanja 湖北)
* Hubei (a province in central China)

#### Usage notes

From the first millennium until the 1980s, all Koreans referred to all place names in China by their Sino-Korean names.
In 1986, the South Korean government mandated that place names which have been used in modern China (defined as after 1911) should be referred to by transliterations of their Standard Mandarin names, while historical place names which have not been in use in modern times would still be referred to by their Sino-Korean names. Hence the ancient imperial capital of Chang'an would still be called 장안(長安) (Jang'an), while Xi'an, the modern city at the site of Chang'an, would be called 시안 (Sian) and not the traditional Sino-Korean 서안(西安) (Seoan).
This is currently enforced by Chapter 4, Section 2, Paragraph 2 (4장 2절 2항) of the Law of Foreign Words Notation.
South Koreans today have generally accepted the use of Mandarin forms for most modern Chinese place names, although the traditional Sino-Korean place names remain commonly used for:
   * Locations of cultural or historical importance such as 낙양(洛陽) (Nagyang, “Luoyang”), 황하(黃河) (Hwangha, “Yellow River”), and 태산(泰山) (Taesan, “Mount Tai”)
   * Certain large cities such as 북경(北京) (Bukgyeong, “Beijing”), 상해(上海) (Sanghae, “Shanghai”), and 청도(靑島) (Cheongdo, “Qingdao”), although the Mandarin forms are increasingly common for some of these, especially among younger speakers
   * Certain provinces such as 사천(四川) (Sacheon, “Sichuan”) and 길림(吉林) (Gillim, “Jilin”); again, the Mandarin forms are increasingly common for some of these
Use of such well-established Sino-Korean toponyms is permitted by Chapter 4, Section 2, Paragraph 4 of the Law. However, government institutions, most media outlets, and school textbooks use the new Mandarin-derived forms even for these.
In certain academic fields and literary genres in South Korea, it is conventional to only use Sino-Korean toponyms. In academia, this includes history, literary studies, and Chinese linguistics.
In North Korea and among Koreans in China, only the Sino-Korean forms are used.

#### Synonyms

* (Hubei): 후베이 (Hubei)
# utusan rakyat
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of utusan (“representative”) +‎ rakyat (“people”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʊtʊsan ˈraʔjat̪̚]

### Noun

utusan rakyat (plural utusan-utusan rakyat)
* delegate
* (government, politics, dated) people's representative
    Synonym: wakil rakyat

### Further reading

* “utusan rakyat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# telefoniskākam
## Latvian
### Adjective

telefoniskākam
* dative masculine singular of telefoniskāks
# saldie
## Latvian
### Adjective

saldie
* definite nominative/vocative masculine plural of salds
# rơ-le
## Vietnamese
### Noun

rơ-le
* Alternative form of rơ le
# spāniskāki
## Latvian
### Adjective

spāniskāki
* nominative masculine plural of spāniskāks
# Hồ Bắc
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 湖北.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ho˨˩ ʔɓak̚˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [how˦˩ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [how˨˩ ʔɓak̚˦˥]

### Proper noun

Hồ Bắc
* Hubei (a province in central China)
# telefoniskāki
## Latvian
### Adjective

telefoniskāki
* nominative masculine plural of telefoniskāks
# salnajā
## Latvian
### Adjective

salnajā
* definite locative masculine/feminine singular of salns
# hipótesis documentaria
## Spanish
### Proper noun

hipótesis documentaria f
* (Biblical studies) documentary hypothesis
** 2022 November 14, Fernie Cosgrove, “¿Qué es la hipótesis documentaria?”, in Coalición por el Evangelio‎, archived from the original on 2022-12-04:La hipótesis documentaria [...], como su nombre lo indica, es una hipótesis que niega que Moisés sea el autor del Pentateuco y declara que en realidad fue escrito a partir de cuatro fuentes diferentes.The documentary hypothesis, as its name indicates, is a hypothesis that denies that Moses is the author of the Pentateuch and declares that it was actually written from four different sources.
** 2022 November 20, Pablo Cúneo, “Moisés a la luz de Signorelli”, in En el margen‎, archived from the original on 2022-12-03:La hipótesis documentaria pudo así explicar el hecho de que algunas de las historias bíblicas [...] aparecieran dos veces con diferencias radicales.The documentary hypothesis could thus explain the fact that some of the biblical stories appear twice with radical differences.
** 2024 March, Melisa Laura Marti, “Segund que lo cuenta Moisés”, in Exlibris‎, number 13, archived from the original on 2024-10-09, page 182:Si bien la hipótesis documentaria ha sido constantemente revisada y discutida, es de enorme importancia por haber documentado evidencia que contradecía la hipótesis de un autor único.Even though the documentary hypothesis has been constantly reviewed and discussed, it's of enormous importance for having documented evidence that contradicts the hypothesis of a single author.
# speleoloģiska
## Latvian
### Adjective

speleoloģiska
* inflection of speleoloģisks:
** genitive masculine singular
** nominative feminine singular
# rupjākus
## Latvian
### Adjective

rupjākus
* accusative masculine plural of rupjāks
# Hoznanz
## Zhuang
### Etymology

From Mandarin 河南 (Hénán).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /ho˧˩ naːn˧˩/
* Tone numbers: Ho$^2$nan$^2$
* Hyphenation: Hoz‧nanz

### Proper noun

Hoznanz (1957–1982 spelling Hoƨnanƨ)
* Henan (a province of China)

#### Synonyms

* Hoznamz
# ventilasi
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch ventilatie, from Middle French ventilation, from Old French ventilacion, from Late Latin ventilatio, from Latin ventilo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vɛntiˈlasi]
* Hyphenation: vèn‧ti‧la‧si

### Noun

vèntilasi (plural ventilasi-ventilasi)
* ventilation:
** the replacement of stale or noxious air with fresh
** (architecture) the mechanical system used to circulate and replace air
** (medicine, pulmonology, physiology) the bodily process of breathing; the inhalation of air to provide oxygen, and the exhalation of spent air to remove carbon dioxide

#### Alternative forms

* pentilasi

#### Derived terms

* berventilasi
* ventilasi alam
* ventilasi bantu
* ventilasi mekanik
* ventilasi paru
* ventilasi searah
* ventilasi silang
* ventilasi tambang

#### Related terms

* ventilator

### Further reading

* “ventilasi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# telefoniskās
## Latvian
### Adjective

telefoniskās
* inflection of telefonisks:
** locative feminine plural
** definite genitive feminine singular
** definite nominative/vocative/accusative feminine plural
# salnajām
## Latvian
### Adjective

salnajām
* definite dative/instrumental feminine plural of salns
# defo
## English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

defo (uncountable)
* (law, informal, Australia) defamation

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

defo (comparative more defo, superlative most defo)
* Alternative form of deffo

#### Adverb

defo (comparative more defo, superlative most defo)
* Alternative form of deffo

### Anagrams

* DofE, feod

## Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French défaut (“defect”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈde.fo/
* Hyphenation: de‧fo

### Noun

defo (definite accusative defoyu, plural defolar)
* defect, imperfection
* shortcoming

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
defo
defolar
definite accusative
defoyu
defoları
dative
defoya
defolara
locative
defoda
defolarda
ablative
defodan
defolardan
genitive
defonun
defoların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
defom
defolarım
2nd singular
defon
defoların
3rd singular
defosu
defoları
1st plural
defomuz
defolarımız
2nd plural
defonuz
defolarınız
3rd plural
defoları
defoları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
defomu
defolarımı
2nd singular
defonu
defolarını
3rd singular
defosunu
defolarını
1st plural
defomuzu
defolarımızı
2nd plural
defonuzu
defolarınızı
3rd plural
defolarını
defolarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
defoma
defolarıma
2nd singular
defona
defolarına
3rd singular
defosuna
defolarına
1st plural
defomuza
defolarımıza
2nd plural
defonuza
defolarınıza
3rd plural
defolarına
defolarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
defomda
defolarımda
2nd singular
defonda
defolarında
3rd singular
defosunda
defolarında
1st plural
defomuzda
defolarımızda
2nd plural
defonuzda
defolarınızda
3rd plural
defolarında
defolarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
defomdan
defolarımdan
2nd singular
defondan
defolarından
3rd singular
defosundan
defolarından
1st plural
defomuzdan
defolarımızdan
2nd plural
defonuzdan
defolarınızdan
3rd plural
defolarından
defolarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
defomun
defolarımın
2nd singular
defonun
defolarının
3rd singular
defosunun
defolarının
1st plural
defomuzun
defolarımızın
2nd plural
defonuzun
defolarınızın
3rd plural
defolarının
defolarının :

#### Derived terms

* defolu
* defosuz

### Further reading

* “defo”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “defo”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “defo”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “defo”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1089
# speleoloģiskam
## Latvian
### Adjective

speleoloģiskam
* dative masculine singular of speleoloģisks
# rupus
## Latvian
### Adjective

rupus
* (dialectal) accusative masculine plural of rups
# Huznamz
## Zhuang
### Etymology

From Chinese 湖南 (MC hu nom).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /hu˧˩ naːm˧˩/
* Tone numbers: Hu$^2$nam$^2$
* Hyphenation: Huz‧namz

### Proper noun

Huznamz (1957–1982 spelling Huƨnamƨ)
* Hunan (a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting)

#### Synonyms

* Huznanz
# voltase
## Galician
### Verb

voltase
* first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of voltar

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch voltage, from French voltage.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vɔlˈtasə]
* Hyphenation: vol‧ta‧sê

### Noun

voltase (plural voltase-voltase)
* (electricity) potential difference, voltage
    Synonyms: beda potensial, spaning, tegangan, tegangan listrik

### Further reading

* “voltase” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# telefoniskiem
## Latvian
### Adjective

telefoniskiem
* dative/instrumental masculine plural of telefonisks
# salnajos
## Latvian
### Adjective

salnajos
* definite locative masculine plural of salns
# børs
## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bøːˀrs/, [ˈb̥øɐ̯ˀs]

### Etymology 1

From Dutch beurs, via Old French bourse (“purse”) and Late Latin bursa (“hide, purse”) from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide”). Compare also German Börse.

#### Noun

børs c (singular definite børsen, plural indefinite børser)
* stock exchange, bourse

##### Declension
#### Derived Terms

* affaldsbørs
* aktiebørs
* børsanalytiker
* børsbaron
* børsdag
* børsetisk
* børshaj
* børshandel
* børshandler
* børsherre
* børsintroduktion
* børskrak
* børskurs
* børsliste
* børsmeddelelse
* børsmægler
* børsmæglerselskab
* børsnotere
* børsnotering
* børspanik
* børspause
* børsprospekt
* børsslut
* børsspekulant
* børsspekulation
* den sorte børs
* efterbørs
* fondsbørs
* jobbørs
* sortbørs
* sortbørshaj
* sortbørshandel
* sortbørspris
* valutabørs

### References

* “børs” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

børs c
* singular indefinite genitive of bør

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Medieval Latin bursa, via Dutch beurs.

### Noun

børs m (definite singular børsen, indefinite plural børser, definite plural børsene)
* an exchange or stock exchange

#### Derived terms

* børsindeks
* børskrakk

### References

* “børs” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Medieval Latin bursa, via Dutch beurs.

### Noun

børs m (definite singular børsen, indefinite plural børsar, definite plural børsane)
* an exchange or stock exchange

#### Derived terms

* børsindeks
* børskrakk

### References

* “børs” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
# speleoloģiskām
## Latvian
### Adjective

speleoloģiskām
* dative/instrumental feminine plural of speleoloģisks
# rūgtam
## Latvian
### Adjective

rūgtam
* dative masculine singular of rūgts
# telefonisku
## Latvian
### Adjective

telefonisku
* inflection of telefonisks:
** accusative/instrumental masculine/feminine singular
** genitive masculine/feminine plural
# salnam
## Latvian
### Adjective

salnam
* dative masculine singular of salns
# hipótesis documentaria
## Spanish
### Proper noun

hipótesis documentaria f
* (Biblical studies) documentary hypothesis
    Synonym: hipótesis documental
** 2022 November 14, Fernie Cosgrove, “¿Qué es la hipótesis documentaria?”, in Coalición por el Evangelio‎, archived from the original on 2022-12-04:La hipótesis documentaria [...], como su nombre lo indica, es una hipótesis que niega que Moisés sea el autor del Pentateuco y declara que en realidad fue escrito a partir de cuatro fuentes diferentes.The documentary hypothesis, as its name indicates, is a hypothesis that denies that Moses is the author of the Pentateuch and declares that it was actually written from four different sources.
** 2022 November 20, Pablo Cúneo, “Moisés a la luz de Signorelli”, in En el margen‎, archived from the original on 2022-12-03:La hipótesis documentaria pudo así explicar el hecho de que algunas de las historias bíblicas [...] aparecieran dos veces con diferencias radicales.The documentary hypothesis could thus explain the fact that some of the biblical stories appear twice with radical differences.
** 2024 March, Melisa Laura Marti, “Segund que lo cuenta Moisés”, in Exlibris‎, number 13, archived from the original on 2024-10-09, page 182:Si bien la hipótesis documentaria ha sido constantemente revisada y discutida, es de enorme importancia por haber documentado evidencia que contradecía la hipótesis de un autor único.Even though the documentary hypothesis has been constantly reviewed and discussed, it's of enormous importance for having documented evidence that contradicts the hypothesis of a single author.
# spēcīgajās
## Latvian
### Adjective

spēcīgajās
* definite locative feminine plural of spēcīgs
# 랴오닝
## Korean
### Etymology

From Mandarin 遼寧／辽宁 (Liáoníng).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾja̠o̞niŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [랴오닝]
| Form from Sino-Korean | 요녕(遼寧) (Yonyeong) |
| Form from Standard Mandarin | 랴오닝 (Ryaoning) |

### Proper noun

랴오닝 • (Ryaoning)
* Liaoning (a province in northeastern China)

#### Synonyms

* (Liaoning): 요녕 (Yonyeong)

#### Holonyms

* 둥베이 (dungbei)
# teoloģiska
## Latvian
### Adjective

teoloģiska
* inflection of teoloģisks:
** genitive masculine singular
** nominative feminine singular
# -wan
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Pali -vant, from Sanskrit -वत् (-vat), from Proto-Indo-European *-wénts.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wan/
* Hyphenation: wan

### Suffix

-wan
* -man
    Synonym: peng-

#### Alternative forms

* -wati (-woman)
* -man

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “-wan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ojibwe
### Final

-wan
* be, become

#### Derived terms

* akiiwan
* bigiiwan
* nibiiwan

#### See also

* aawan

### Suffix

-wan
* A suffix denoting the plural of an inanimate noun
* A suffix denoting the obviative of an animate noun
* A suffix denoting the independent plural of an inanimate intransitive verb (vii)
* A suffix denoting the obviative form of an animate intransitive verb (vai)

#### See also

* -an
* -iin
* -n
* -oon
* -yan

## Quechua
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-wan/, [-waŋ]

### Suffix

-wan
* A suffix for the instrumental case.
    Kay khuchita waskawan watachkani.I am tying this pig with a rope.
* Indicates the company an action is performed with, with
    Qamwan llaqtata risaq.I will go to town with you.
# salnāka
## Latvian
### Adjective

salnāka
* inflection of salnāks:
** genitive masculine singular
** nominative feminine singular
# gripper
## English
### Etymology

From grip +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɡɹɪ.pə(ɹ)/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɡɹɪ.pəɹ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪpə(ɹ)
* Hyphenation: grip‧per

### Noun

gripper (plural grippers)
* A person who or thing which grips something.
** 1998, Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, page 1061:In a method for guiding a thread onto an empty reel after a first reel in a continuously operating spooler has become full, utilizing a moving finger on the spooler in cooperation with a gripper rotating with the empty reel […]
* A cover on a handle that makes it easier to grip.
* (curling) A rubber or other material attached to a curling shoe to improve traction on the ice.
* (rail transport, slang) A ticket collector.
* (graphical user interface) A visual component on a window etc. enabling it to be resized and/or moved.
** 2004, Micah Laaker, Christopher Schmitt, Adobe Photoshop CS in 10 Simple Steps or Less, page 43:To move the options bar from its default location at the top of the screen to a new location, click the gripper on the option bar's left edge and drag it to its new location.
* (slang, usually in the plural) A foot.
    Put those grippers away!

#### Derived terms

* fin gripper
* microgripper
* nanogripper

### Further reading

* “gripper”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
* “gripper”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “grippers”, in Urban Dictionary, launched 1999.

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French *gripper, from Frankish *grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreyb- (“to grab, grasp”). Doublet of griffer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡʁi.pe/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

gripper
* to grab, to grasp

#### Derived terms

* grippe

#### Descendants

* → Spanish: gripar

### Further reading

* “gripper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# spēcīgajiem
## Latvian
### Adjective

spēcīgajiem
* definite dative/instrumental masculine plural of spēcīgs
# rūgtākie
## Latvian
### Adjective

rūgtākie
* definite nominative/vocative masculine plural of rūgtāks