# carbon
## English
### Alternative forms

* carbone (obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from French carbone, coined by Antoine Lavoisier, from Latin carbō, carbōnem (“charcoal, coal”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃- (“to burn”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) enPR: kärʹbən, IPA: /ˈkɑɹ.bən/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkɑːbən/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)bən

### Noun

carbon (countable and uncountable, plural carbons)
* (uncountable) The chemical element (symbol C) with an atomic number of 6. It can be found in pure form for example as graphite, a black, shiny and very soft material, or diamond, a colourless, transparent, crystalline solid and the hardest known material.
** 2006, Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma, The Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 20:Carbon is the most common element in our bodies—indeed, in all living things on earth.
* (countable) An atom of this element, in reference to a molecule containing it.
    A methane molecule is made up of a single carbon with four hydrogens.
* (countable, informal) A sheet of carbon paper.
** 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 51:He stepped back and opened his bag and took out a printed pad of D.O.A. forms and began to write over a carbon.
* (countable, informal) A carbon copy.
* A fossil fuel that is made of impure carbon such as coal or charcoal.
* (ecology, uncountable) carbon dioxide, in the context of climate change.
    carbon neutral
** 2014 April 25, Martin Lukacs, “Canada becoming launch-pad of a global tar sands and oil shale frenzy”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 190, number 20, page 13:If Alberta’s reserves are a carbon bomb, this global expansion of tar sands and oil shale exploitation amounts to an escalating emissions arms race, the unlocking of a subterranean cache of weapons of mass ecological destruction.
* A carbon rod or pencil used in an arc lamp.
** 1892, English Mechanic and World of Science, page 444:To trim an arc lamp, first remove the old carbons and carefully and thoroughly wipe the carbon rods, holders, &c. with a clean, dry rag.
* A plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements of a voltaic battery.
* (informal) Ellipsis of carbon fiber (reinforced polymer).
    carbon bike frame

#### Hyponyms

* activated carbon
* alpha carbon
* beta carbon nitride
* black carbon
* blind carbon copy
* blue carbon
* carbon-12
* carbon-13
* carbon-14
* chlorocarbon
* chlorofluorocarbon
* ferrocarbon
* fluorocarbon
* fluorochlorohydrocarbon
* glassy carbon
* halocarbon
* hydrocarbon
* inorganic carbon
* Q-carbon
* radiocarbon
* sulphuretted carbon
* vegetable carbon

#### Derived terms

* anticarbon
* benzyloxycarbonyl
* biocarbon
* carbapenem
* carbazotic acid
* carb-, carbo-
* carbinol
* carbinyl
* carbogen
* Carboloy
* carbonæmia
* carbon anhydride
* carbon arc
* carbonate
* carbonation
* carbon audit
* carbon-based
* carbon bisulfide, carbon bisulphide
* carbon black
* carbon budget
* carbon burning
* carbon capture
* carbon-carbon bond
* carbon chauvinism
* carbon chauvinist
* carbon chloride
* carbon-copy
* carbon copy
* carbon cost
* Carbon County
* carbon credit
* carbon cycle
* carbon-date
* carbon dating
* carbon debt
* carbon detonation
* carbon dioxid
* carbon dioxide
* carbon dioxide-equivalent
* carbon dioxide equivalent
* carbon dioxide snow
* carbon diselenide
* carbon disulfide, carbon disulphide
* carbon emissions trading
* carbon-ferrous
* carbon fiber, carbon fibre
* carbon fixation
* carbon footprint
* carbon-free
* carbon group
* carbonian
* carbonic
* carbonide
* carbonific
* carbonification
* carbon inset
* carbon insetting
* carbon-intensive
* carbonise, carbonize
* carbonite
* carbonization
* carbon leakage
* carbonless
* carbonlike
* carbon literacy
* carbon market
* carbon microphone
* carbon monofluoride
* carbon monoxide
* carbon nanofiber
* carbon nanofibre
* carbon nanofoam
* carbon nanotube
* carbon negative
* carbon-neutral
* carbon neutrality
* carbon-nitrogen cycle
* carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle
* carbon number
* carbon offset
* carbon offsetting
* carbonometer
* carbonosome
* carbonous
* carbon oxide
* carbon oxychloride
* carbon oxysulfide, carbon oxysulphide
* carbon paper
* carbon planet
* carbon print
* carbon printing
* carbon process
* carbon resistor
* carbon sequestering
* carbon sequestration
* carbon sink
* carbon star
* carbon steel
* carbon subnitride
* carbon suboxide
* carbon tablet
* carbon tax
* carbon tet
* carbon tetrabromide
* carbon tetrachloride
* carbon tetrafluoride
* carbon tetraiodide
* carbon trade
* carbon trading
* carbon transmitter
* carbonyl
* carborexia
* carborundum
* Carborundum
* carboxide
* carboxyl
* carburet
* chromo-carbon
* cyanocarbon
* dicarbon
* halon
* hydrobromofluorocarbon
* intercarbon
* monocarbon
* multi-carbon
* nanocarbon
* nitrocarbol
* nitrocarbon
* noncarbon
* organocarbon
* oxocarbon
* perfluorocarbon
* petrocarbon
* polycarbon
* pyrocarbon
* sulfide of carbon, sulphide of carbon
* tetracarbon
* thiocarbon
* zinc-carbon battery

#### Related terms

* carbonaceous
* carbonade
* carbonado
* carbonara
* Carbonari
* carbonate
* carboniferous
* carbonify
* carbonigenous
* carbuncle

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: কার্বন (karbon)
* → Malay: karbon
* → Navajo: káábin
* → Welsh: carbon

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

carbon (third-person singular simple present carbons, present participle carboning, simple past and past participle carboned)
* (Internet, transitive, uncommon) To cause (someone) to receive a carbon copy of an email message.
    Synonyms: cc, copy
    When I send it, I’ll carbon Julia so she’s aware.

### See also

* aggregated diamond nanorod
* amorphous carbon
* buckminsterfullerene
* ceraphite
* chaoite
* charcoal
* coal
* diamond
* fullerene
* graphene
* graphite
* lamp black
* lead
* lonsdaleite
* soot
* steel

### Further reading

* carbon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Carbon on the British Royal Society of Chemistry's online periodic table

### Anagrams

* Branco, bancor, barcon, corban

## Danish
### Alternative forms

* karbon (rare, but now official)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʰɑːb̥ʌn]

### Noun

carbon n (singular definite carbonet, not used in plural form)
* (chemistry) carbon
    Synonym: kulstof

#### Usage notes

While kul (“coal”) is never used to refer to the element of carbon, it may sometimes replace it in names of derivations, such as kuldioxid/carbondioxid, kulsyre, kulilte/carbonmonoxid.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “carbon” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “Karbon” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑrˈbɔn/
* Hyphenation: car‧bon
* Rhymes: -ɔn

### Etymology 1

Probably borrowed from French carbone, ultimately from Latin carbō. The sense “fibre-reinforced polymer” derived from English carbon.

#### Noun

carbon n (uncountable, diminutive carbonnetje n)
* fibre-reinforced polymer
* black diamond

### Etymology 2

From carbonpapier.

#### Noun

carbon n (uncountable, diminutive carbonnetje n)
* carbon paper

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French carbone, coined by Lavoisier, from Latin carbō, carbōnem (“charcoal, coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to burn”). Doublet of cărbune.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /karˈbon/
* Hyphenation: car‧bon

### Noun

carbon n (uncountable)
* carbon (chemical element)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* carbon in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Scottish Gaelic
### Alternative forms

* càrbon

### Etymology

From Latin carbō, carbōnem.

### Noun

carbon m (genitive singular carboin, no plural)
* carbon (element)
    Synonym: gualan

#### Derived terms

* carbon dà-ogsaid

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English carbon, from French carbone from Latin carbō, carbōnem (“charcoal, coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃- (“to burn”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkarbɔn/
* Rhymes: -arbɔn

### Noun

carbon m (plural carbonau)
* carbon
    Synonym: (obsolete) ulyfai

#### Derived terms

* bond carbon-hydrogen (“carbon-hydrogen bond”)
* cadwyn carbonau (“carbon chain”)
* canran cynnwys carbon (“percentage carbon content”)
* carbon canolig (“medium carbon”)
* carbon cyfunol (“combined carbon”)
* carbon deuocsid (“carbon dioxide”)
* carbon deusylffid (“carbon disulfide”)
* carbon isel (“low carbon”)
* carbon monocsid (“carbon monoxide”)
* carbon niwtral (“carbon neutral”)
* carbon rhydd (“free carbon”)
* carbon tetraclorid (“carbon tetrachloride”)
* carbonad (“carbonate”)
* carbonaidd (“carbonic, carbonaceous”)
* carbonig (“carbonic”)
* copi carbon (“carbon copy”)
* cylchred garbon (“carbon cycle”)
* dal a storio carbon (“carbon capture and storage, carbon sequestration”)
* dal carbon (“carbon capture”)
* dur carbon (“steel capture”)
* dyddio carbon (“carbon dating”)
* nanodiwb carbon (“carbon nanotube”)
* ôl troed carboneg (“carbon footprint”)
* papur carbon (“carbon paper”)
* raced garbon (“carbon racket”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “carbon”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies