# 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁
## Old Uyghur
### Alternative forms

* 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (q̈yzyl /⁠ḳïzïl⁠/), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kyzyl /⁠kïzïl, kizil⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 (qyzqyl /⁠ḳïzgïl⁠/), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐾄𐽶𐾁 (kyz̈yl /⁠kïžïl⁠/)
* 𐫃𐫏𐫊𐫏𐫓 (gyžyl /⁠kïžïl⁠/)

### Etymology

By surface analysis, 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kyzʾrmʾk /⁠kïzar-⁠/, “to redden, to get hot, to get fried”) +‎ -𐽶𐾁 (-yl /⁠-ïl⁠/, “deverbal suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *kïŕïl (“red”). Compare the identical suffixation in 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yaš- + -ïl⁠/).
Cognates 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽹𐽳𐽲 (qyzʾmwq /⁠ḳïzamuḳ⁠/, “measles, rubella”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qyzʾrtmʾq /⁠ḳïzartmaḳ⁠/, “to fry, to make hot and glow”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /⁠ḳïzġan⁠/, “rose (color), pink”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qyzkwrmʾq /⁠ḳïzġurmaḳ⁠/, “to embarrass”) and 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽳𐾀 (qyzqwt /⁠ḳïzġut⁠/, “punishment”) suggest a common verb root 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽹𐽰𐽲* (*ḳïz-, "to turn red"), however, such a verb is not attested.
Written forms with gimel-heth (𐽲) suggest a more uvular or a "rough" pronunciation, represented with ḳ-, while forms with kaph (𐽷) suggest a more velar or a "soft" articulation, represented with k-.

### Adjective

𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /ḳïzïl/)
* red, vermilion, cinnabar
* red-hot, searing-hot
* raw, unprocessed (of meat)
    𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐾀 𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽲𐾄q̈yzyl ʾt tʾncwq̈/ḳïzïl et tančuġ/small slices of raw meat

### Noun

𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /ḳïzïl/)
* (anatomy) menstrual discharge, period blood
    𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾ywrwnk q̈yzyl tyklylʾr/Yürüŋ ḳïzïl tigléler./Reproductive cores of men (sperm) and women (menstrual blood).

#### Compound terms

* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qyzyl ʾwzyqlʾr /⁠ḳïzïl užiḳlar⁠/, “royal orders and decrees”, literally “vermillion marks [on paper]”)
* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽸 (qyzyl ʾd /⁠ḳïzïl et⁠/, “raw meat, fresh game”)
* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽱𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽺 (qyzyl βrqʾrswyn /⁠ḳïzïl virgersün⁠/, “rosalgar, red sulphur, yellow arsenic”)
* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 (qyzyl yyncw /⁠ḳïzïl yinčü⁠/, “ruby, hyacinth”)
* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qyzyl sʾryq /⁠ḳïzïl sarïġ⁠/, “orange”)
* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (qyzyl pʾqyr /⁠ḳïzïl baḳïr⁠/, “copper”)
* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (qyzyl pʾqyr /⁠ḳïzïl baġïr⁠/, “pancreas$^?$”)
* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽰 (qyzyl cwzʾʾ /⁠ḳïzïl čuža⁠/, “cinnabar stone, vermillion”)
* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺 (qyzyl cyntʾn /⁠ḳïzïl čintan⁠/, “sappanwood, Caesalpinia sappan, L.”)
* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶 (qyzyl tykly /⁠ḳïzïl tiglé⁠/, “menstrual blood”, literally “red waterdrop”)

#### Derived terms

* 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽻𐽶𐽲 (qyzylsyq /⁠ḳïzïlsïġ⁠/, “reddish”)

### See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (pwdwq /⁠boduġ⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /⁠öŋ⁠/) (layout · text) :
| 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /⁠aḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /⁠yürüŋ⁠/) | 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /⁠boz⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/) | 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/) |
| 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /⁠al⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /⁠ḳïzïl⁠/) | 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /⁠ar⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /⁠yaġïz⁠/) | 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /⁠sarïġ⁠/), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴 (krʾz /⁠ḳaraža⁠/) |
| | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yʾš /⁠yaš⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yašïl⁠/) | |
| 𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /⁠čač⁠/) | 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (cʾkyr /⁠čaḳïr⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /⁠köküš⁠/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /⁠razavart⁠/) |
| 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /⁠yipgin⁠/) | | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /⁠ḳïzġan⁠/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /⁠sazġan⁠/) |

### References

* Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳızıl, ḳızgıl”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 178
* Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kızıl”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 377