# 良

| 良 | U+826F, &#33391; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-826F |
| ← 艮 [U+826E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 艰 → [U+8270] |
| 良 | U+F97C, &#63868; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F97C |
| ← 糧 [U+F97B] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 諒 → [U+F97D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

良 (Kangxi radical 138, 艮+1, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈日女 (IAV), four-corner 3073$_2$, composition ⿱丶艮(GHT) or ⿱丨艮(JK) or ⿱一艮(V))
* good, virtuous, respectable

#### Derived characters

* 俍 哴 埌 娘 㟍 悢 𢭗 浪 狼 斏 㫰 朖 桹 㱢 烺 琅 䀶 硠 稂 𧚅 粮 羪 艆 蜋 誏 踉 躴 䡙 酿 鋃(锒) 𫝥 駺 䯖 𩷕(鿶) 郞 食 㝗 崀 莨 䆡 䍚 筤 飬 籑 㢃 㾗 閬(阆)
* 剆 㓪 朗 欴 郎 郒 飠

#### Descendants

* ら
* ラ

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30597
* Dae Jaweon: page 1472, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3170, character 2
* Unihan data for U+826F
* Unihan data for U+F97C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 良 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 剆 | *raːl, *raːlʔ |
| 郎 | *raːŋ |
| 稂 | *raːŋ |
| 桹 | *raːŋ |
| 鋃 | *raːŋ |
| 硠 | *raːŋ |
| 浪 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 蜋 | *raːŋ, *raŋ |
| 琅 | *raːŋ |
| 狼 | *raːŋ |
| 欴 | *raːŋ |
| 踉 | *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs |
| 莨 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 艆 | *raːŋ |
| 駺 | *raːŋ |
| 躴 | *raːŋ |
| 筤 | *raːŋ |
| 閬 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 哴 | *raːŋ, *raŋs |
| 蓈 | *raːŋ |
| 廊 | *raːŋ |
| 榔 | *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ |
| 螂 | *raːŋ |
| 瑯 | *raːŋ |
| 朗 | *raːŋʔ |
| 朖 | *raːŋʔ |
| 誏 | *raːŋʔ |
| 俍 | *raːŋʔ |
| 崀 | *raːŋʔ |
| 埌 | *raːŋs |
| 蒗 | *raːŋs |
| 娘 | *naŋ |
| 良 | *raŋ |
| 粮 | *raŋ |
| 悢 | *raŋs |
Pictogram (象形). Possibly depicts corridors and a room, in which case it would be the original form of 廊. See also the top component of 复. Unrelated to 食 and 即.

### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l(j)a(k/ŋ) (“good, beautiful”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): liáng (liang$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лён (li͡on, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): loeng$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): liang$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): liong$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): liòng
    (Hailu, HRS): liong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): liong$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lion$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): liǒng
* Eastern Min (BUC): luòng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lyong$^2$ / lyeng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liông / liâng / niû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): liang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$lian
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lian$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
*** Wade–Giles: liang$^2$
*** Yale: lyáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
*** Palladius: лян (ljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лён (li͡on, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /liɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loeng$^4$
*** Yale: lèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lœːŋ²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: liang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /liaŋ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: liong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /liɔŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: liong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: liong
*** Sinological IPA: /lioŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: liong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /liɔŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lion$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /liɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: liǒng
*** Sinological IPA : /liɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: luòng
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃uoŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lyong$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lió̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /lyɒŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lyeng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lyøŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
*** Tâi-lô: liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
*** Tâi-lô: liâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liaŋ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niû
*** Tâi-lô: niû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: niuu
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /niũ²⁴/
* liông/liâng - literary;
* niû - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: ljang
Rime :
| Character | 良 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 呂章切 |
| Baxter | ljang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /liɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /liaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | loeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 良 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | liáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]aŋ/ |
| English | good |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 良 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8046 |
| Phonetic component | 良 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*raŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象宮外兩邊有廊爲廊初文， 王侍從常在廊， 遂稱之良或郎得貴官義 |

#### Definitions

良
* good; fine; well
* good; virtuous; respectable
* good person; virtuous person
* (literary) innate; inherent; natural
* very; very much; quite
* (literary) really; certainly; surely
* (obsolete) term of address used by a woman for her husband
* a surname, Liang
* (Catholicism) Leo (papal name)

##### Synonyms

* (good, fine):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 好, 良, 善, 佳 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 好, 良好, 美好, 佳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 好, 強 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 好 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 好 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 好, 賽, 強 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 好, 嫽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 好 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 好, 傲 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 好 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 好, 㜺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好, 㜺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 好 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 好 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 好 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 好 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 好 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 好, 㜺 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 好 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 好 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 好 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 好 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 好 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 好 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 好 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 好 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 好 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 好 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 好 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 好 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 好 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 好 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 好, 㜺, 靈, 嗲 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 畢㜺 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 出客 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) | 出客 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 靈 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 靈 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 好, 㜺 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 好 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 好 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 好 |
* (very):
* 不要太 (bùyàotài) (slang)
* 十分 (shífēn)
* 危險 / 危险 (Wu)
* 壞 / 坏 (huài)
* 孔 (kǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 很 (hěn)
* 極其 / 极其 (jíqí)
* 極度 / 极度 (jídù)
* 極為 / 极为 (jíwéi)
* 極端 / 极端 (jíduān)
* 滾 / 滚 (gǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 異常 / 异常 (yìcháng)
* 老大 (lǎodà) (colloquial, usually in the negative)
* 超 (chāo)
* 非常 (fēicháng)
* 頗 / 颇 (pō) (literary)
* 頗為 / 颇为 (pōwéi) (literary)

#### Compounds

* 不良 (bùliáng)
* 不良之心
* 不良事濟 / 不良事济
* 不良人 (bùliángrén)
* 不良分子
* 不良導體 / 不良导体
* 不良少年 (bùliáng shàonián)
* 不良帥 / 不良帅
* 不良才
* 不良會 / 不良会
* 不良適應 / 不良适应
* 乘堅驅良 / 乘坚驱良
* 乞留乞良
* 優良 / 优良 (yōuliáng)
* 兀良
* 功同良相
* 勿失良機 / 勿失良机
* 吉日良辰
* 吐良
* 品種改良 / 品种改良
* 喪盡天良 / 丧尽天良 (sàngjìntiānliáng)
* 善良 (shànliáng)
* 坐失良機 / 坐失良机
* 壓良為賤 / 压良为贱
* 天付良緣 / 天付良缘
* 天假良緣 / 天假良缘
* 天地良心
* 天理良心
* 天良 (tiānliáng)
* 奧爾良 / 奥尔良 (Ào'ěrliáng)
* 孟良盜馬 / 孟良盗马
* 安良
* 將遇良才 / 将遇良才
* 居心不良 (jūxīnbùliáng)
* 廣結良緣 / 广结良缘
* 張良借箸 / 张良借箸
* 張良擇留 / 张良择留
* 從良 / 从良 (cóngliáng)
* 循良
* 忠孝賢良 / 忠孝贤良
* 忠良 (zhōngliáng)
* 憑良心說 / 凭良心说
* 改良 (gǎiliáng)
* 放良
* 放良書 / 放良书
* 新奧爾良 / 新奥尔良 (Xīn-Ào'ěrliáng)
* 明良
* 昧良心
* 有良心
* 沒良心 / 没良心 (méiliángxīn)
* 消化不良 (xiāohuà bùliáng)
* 淳良
* 溫良 / 温良 (wēnliáng)
* 滅良心 / 灭良心
* 無印良品 / 无印良品
* 營養不良 / 营养不良 (yíngyǎng bùliáng)
* 狄良突盧 / 狄良突卢
* 獲益良多 / 获益良多 (huòyìliángduō)
* 用心良苦
* 百夫良
* 萬杞良 / 万杞良
* 秦良玉
* 精良 (jīngliáng)
* 精金良玉
* 素絲良馬 / 素丝良马
* 純良 / 纯良 (chúnliáng)
* 素行不良
* 美景良辰
* 良久 (liángjiǔ)
* 良人 (liángrén)
* 良伴 (liángbàn)
* 良儔 / 良俦
* 良兵
* 良冶
* 良匠 (liángjiàng)
* 良友 (liángyǒu)
* 良史 (liángshǐ)
* 良善 (liángshàn)
* 良圖 / 良图
* 良士 (liángshì)
* 良多 (liángduō)
* 良夜 (liángyè)
* 良好 (liánghǎo)
* 良媒
* 良家 (liángjiā)
* 良宵 (liángxiāo)
* 良家女子
* 良家婦女 / 良家妇女
* 良家子
* 良家子弟
* 良宵美景
* 良將 / 良将 (liángjiàng)
* 良將賢相 / 良将贤相
* 良工
* 良工心苦
* 良師 / 良师 (liángshī)
* 良師益友 / 良师益友 (liángshīyìyǒu)
* 良庖
* 良弓
* 良弼
* 良心 (liángxīn)
* 良心不安
* 良心未泯
* 良心發現 / 良心发现
* 良心話 / 良心话
* 良性 (liángxìng)
* 良性瘤
* 良性競爭 / 良性竞争
* 良性腫瘤 / 良性肿瘤 (liángxìng zhǒngliú)
* 良方 (liángfāng)
* 良日
* 良時 / 良时
* 良時美景 / 良时美景
* 良月 (Liángyuè)
* 良朋 (liángpéng)
* 良朋益友
* 良材
* 良機 / 良机 (liángjī)
* 良民 (liángmín)
* 良深
* 良玉精金
* 良田 (liángtián)
* 良田美地
* 良相
* 良知 (liángzhī)
* 良知良能
* 良禽擇木 / 良禽择木 (liángqínzémù)
* 良種 / 良种 (liángzhǒng)
* 良窳
* 良策 (liángcè)
* 良緣 / 良缘 (liángyuán)
* 良耜
* 良能
* 良臣 (liángchén)
* 良莠不一
* 良莠不分
* 良莠不齊 / 良莠不齐 (liángyǒubùqí)
* 良莠淆雜 / 良莠淆杂
* 良藥 / 良药 (liángyào)
* 良藥苦口 / 良药苦口 (liángyàokǔkǒu)
* 良言 (liángyán)
* 良謀 / 良谋 (liángmóu)
* 良貴 / 良贵
* 良質 / 良质
* 良賤 / 良贱 (liángjiàn)
* 良質米 / 良质米
* 良質美手 / 良质美手
* 良辰 (liángchén)
* 良辰吉日 (liángchénjírì)
* 良辰媚景
* 良辰美景 (liángchénměijǐng)
* 良造
* 良遊 / 良游
* 良遇
* 良醞 / 良酝
* 良醞可戀 / 良酝可恋
* 良醫 / 良医
* 良金美玉
* 良馬 / 良马 (liángmǎ)
* 良駒 / 良驹 (liángjū)
* 誣良為盜 / 诬良为盗
* 賢妻良母 / 贤妻良母 (xiánqīliángmǔ)
* 賢良 / 贤良
* 賣良姜 / 卖良姜
* 賢良方正 / 贤良方正
* 迫良為娼 / 迫良为娼
* 逼良為娼 / 逼良为娼 (bīliángwéichāng)
* 金玉良言 (jīnyùliángyán)
* 金石良言 (jīnshíliángyán)
* 錯失良機 / 错失良机
* 除暴安良 (chúbào'ānliáng)
* 馬良 / 马良 (Mǎliáng)
* 馬良白眉 / 马良白眉
* 馴良 / 驯良 (xùnliáng)
* 駿良 / 骏良
* 黃道良辰 / 黄道良辰

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liǎng (liang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liǎng
*** Wade–Giles: liang$^3$
*** Yale: lyǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leang
*** Palladius: лян (ljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loeng$^5$
*** Yale: léuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loeng$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lœːŋ¹³/

#### Definitions

良
* Only used in 方良, alternative form of 魍魎 / 魍魉 (wǎngliǎng)

### References

* (Min Nan) “Query for 良”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
* “良”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* good

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろう (rō)
* Kan-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)
* Kun: よい (yoi, 良い, Jōyō)、いい (ii, 良い)
* Nanori: じ (ji)、つかさ (tsukasa)、なが (naga)、まこと (makoto)、よし (yoshi)、ら (ra)、りょ (ryo)

#### Compounds

* 良(よ)い (yoi), 良(い)い (ii, “good, beneficial”)
* 良(よ)さ (yosa, “merit, virtue”)
* 良(よ)く (yoku, “well, much”)
* 良好(りょうこう) (ryōkō, “good, fine”)
* 良質(りょうしつ) (ryōshitsu, “good quality”)
* 良否(りょうひ) (ryōhi, “quality”)
* 良心(りょうしん) (ryōshin, “conscience”)
* 良識(りょうしき) (ryōshiki, “good sense”)
* 良(よ)い男(おとこ) (yoi otoko, “handsome man”)
* 良(りょう)導体(どうたい) (ryōdōtai, “good conductor”)
* 良(よ)い天気(てんき) (yoi tenki, “fair weather”)
* 良(よ)かったら (yokattara, “if you like”)
* 最良(さいりょう) (sairyō, “best, ideal”)
* 優良(ゆうりょう) (yūryō, “superior, excellent”)
* 改良(かいりょう) (kairyō, “improvement, reform”)
* 不良(ふりょう) (furyō, “badness, delinquency”)
* 善良(ぜんりょう) (zenryō, “goodness, excellence”)
* 野良(のら) (nora, “the fields”)
* 純良品(じゅんりょうびん) (junryōbin, “genuine article”)
* 仲(なか)良(よ)し (nakayoshi, “intimacy, bosom buddy”)
* 読(よ)み良(よ)い (yomiyoi, “easy to read”)
* 気分(きぶん)が良(よ)い (kibun ga yoi, “feel good”)
* 健康(けんこう)に良(よ)い (kenkō ni yoi, “be good for the health”)
* 丁度(ちょうど)良(よ)い時(とき)に (chōdo yoi toki ni, “none too soon”)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 良
* りょう Grade: 4
* kan'on

### Noun

良(りょう) • (ryō)
* (school mark) good, B
    数学(すうがく)の成績(せいせき)は良(りょう)だった
       sūgaku no seiseki wa ryō datta
       I got a B in math

### Proper noun

良(りょう) • (Ryō)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 良 (MC ljang).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 랴ᇰ (Yale: lyàng) | 랴ᇰ (Yale: lyàng) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 알 (Yale: al) | 량 (Yale: lyang) |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 어딜 (Yale: etil) | 량 (Yale: lyang) |
| Seokbong Cheonjamun, 1583 | 어딜 (Yale: etil) | 냥 (Yale: nyang) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ja̠ŋ] ~ [ɾja̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [양/량]

### Hanja

良 (eumhun 어질 량 (eojil ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 어질 양 (eojil yang))
* hanja form of 양 (“good”) [affix]
* hanja form of 량 (“good”) [affix]

### Compounds

* 개량 (改良, gaeryang)
* 불량 (不良, bullyang)
* 선량 (善良, seollyang)
* 순량 (淳良, sullyang)
* 양민 (良民, yangmin)
* 양심 (良心, yangsim, “conscience”)
* 양우 (良友, yang'u)
* 양인 (良人, yang'in)
* 양질 (良質, yangjil, “good quality”)
* 양호 (良好, yangho)
* 양화 (良貨, yanghwa)
* 우량 (優良, uryang)
* 한량 (閑良, hallyang)

## Old Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Phonogram

良 (*a)
* A syllabic phonogram denoting the syllable *a (generally not word-initial)

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

良 (*-a)
* The verbal and adjectival infinitive suffix.

##### Descendants

* Middle Korean: -어〮 (-é), -아〮 (-á)
** Korean: -어 (-eo), -아 (-a)

### Etymology 3
#### Particle

良 (*-a)
* in; at; on; locative case marker, attested primarily in hyangga poems
** c. 750, 月明師 (Wolmyeongsa), “祭亡妹歌 (Jemangmae-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:一等隱枝良出古*HAton KACI-a NA-kwoeven though they sprout on a single branch

##### Usage notes

* First-millennium Old Korean also featured the locative particle 中 (*-kuy). The two particles were compounded as 良中 (*-a-kuy) as early as the seventh century. The compounded form becomes predominant in the corpus after the eleventh century, after which 良 (*-a) in isolation is not encountered. The compounded form eventually fused into a single morpheme, becoming the Middle Korean locative particle -에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy).
* After the fourteenth century, Korean scribes occasionally reused the character 良 to write -에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy). This is a feature of Middle Korean writing, not Old Korean.

##### Descendants

* Old Korean: 良中 (*-akuy) (compounded with 中 (*-kuy))
** Middle Korean: -에〮 (-éy)
*** Korean: -에 (-e)

##### See also

* 中 (*-kuy) (locative case marker)
* 矣 (*-uy) (locative case marker)
* 良中 (*-akuy) (locative case marker predominant after the eleventh century)

### References

* 배대은 (Bae Dae-eun) (1996) “이두 처격조사의 통시적 고찰 [Idu cheogyeok josa-ui tongsijeok gochal, A diachronic study of locative case markers in Idu]”, in Baedalmal, volume 21, pages 139–156
* 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000) “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Chaja pyogi jaryo-ui gyeokjosa yeon'gu, Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
* Hwang Seon-yeop (2006). "Godae gugeo-ui cheogyeok josa" 고대국어의 처격조사] ["The locative case markers of Old Korean"]. Hanmal Yeon'gu Hakhoe Jeon'guk Haksul Daehoe (conference). Seongnam, South Korea. pp. 35–48.
* Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72

## Vietnamese
### Han character

良: Hán Nôm readings: lương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.