# 冒

| 冒 | U+5192, &#20882; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5192 |
| ← 冑 [U+5191] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 冓 → [U+5193] |
| 冒 | U+2F8D2, &#194770; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D2 |
| ← 㫤 [U+2F8D1] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 冕 → [U+2F8D3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

冒 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日月山 (ABU), four-corner 6060$_0$, composition ⿱日目 (J) or ⿱⺜目 (GTKV))

#### Derived characters

* 媢, 𰌬, 帽, 𢝌, 𢯾, 㴘, 𭸛, 𱢕, 𣔺, 𣯀, 𤊻, 瑁, 𥈆, 𰩦, 𧛕, 𤲰, 艒, 蝐, 賵(赗), 𨩩, 𲊣, 𩐲
* 勖, 𭡣, 㪞, 毷, 𪃑, 萺, 𰟀, 𦽹

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 129, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1538
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1499, character 12
* Unihan data for U+5192
* Unihan data for U+2F8D2

## Bailang
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk; compare Burmese မိုး (mui:, “sky”), Tibetan དམུ་ (dmu, “sky god”).

### Noun

冒 (*muh)
* sky; heaven

### References

* Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎, volume 103, pages 386—429

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冒 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 媢 | *mɯɡs, *muːʔ, *muːɡs, *muːɡ |
| 冃 | *muːɡs |
| 冒 | *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ |
| 帽 | *muːɡs |
| 瑁 | *muːɡs, *mɯːɡs, *muːɡ |
| 賵 | *m̥ʰuŋs |
| 艒 | *mɯːɡ, *muːɡ, *muːɡ |
| 萺 | *muːɡ, *muɡ |
| 勗 | *hmoɡ |
| 勖 | *hmoɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ): phonetic 冃 (OC *muːɡs, “hat”) + semantic 目 (“eyes”).
See also 敖, 免, and 美.

### Etymology 1

Original meaning was “to cover”.
Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) connects it with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“sky, clouds, fog, dark, covered”), whence Burmese မိုး (mui:, “sky; rain; to hold something over the head; roof”), Tibetan མུ (mu), དམུ (dmu), རྨུ (rmu), སྨུ (smu, “(archaic) sky”).
Derivative: 帽 (OC *muːɡs, “hat”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mào (mao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mou$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mau$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mo
    (Hailu, HRS): mo$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mau$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): mau$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): mô̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): mō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mao$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mào
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mào
*** Wade–Giles: mao$^4$
*** Yale: màu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw
*** Palladius: мао (mao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^6$
*** Yale: mouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mau$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbau³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo
*** Hakka Romanization System: mo
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mo⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mo$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /mo³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mau⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mau⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mô̤
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘
*** Tâi-lô: mōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mo
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /mɔ̃⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mău
*** Sinological IPA : /mau³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mau
*** MiniDict: mau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mau
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɔ²³/
* Middle Chinese: mawH
Rime :
| Character | 冒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫報切 |
| Baxter | mawH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤuk-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*muːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 冒 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ maw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁuk-s/ |
| English | covering |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 8916 |
| Phonetic component | 冃 |
| Rime group | 奧 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 冃 |
| Old Chinese | /*muːɡs/ |

#### Definitions

冒
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cover
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) cloth used to dress a corpse; sack for corpses
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to wear a hat
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 帽 (mào, “hat”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to pretend to be
    假冒 ― jiǎmào ― fake
    冒名 ― màomíng ― to go under someone else's name
* to risk; to brave; to face
    冒險／冒险 ― màoxiǎn ― to adventure
    冒雨 ― màoyǔ ― to brave the rain
    冒著生命危險／冒着生命危险 ― màozhe shēngmìng wēixiǎn ― risking one's life
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bold; thoughtless; boldly
    冒失 ― màoshī ― thoughtlessly
    From: 1956, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論十大關係》 (On the Ten Major Relationships), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
    Dǎngzhōngyāng bànshì, zǒngshì tóng dìfāng shāngliang, bù tóng dìfāng shāngliang cónglái bù mào xià mìnglìng. [Pinyin]
    It is the practice of the Central Committee of the Party to consult the local authorities on the matters to be taken up; it never hastily issues orders without prior consultation.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to encroach on; to violate
    冒犯 ― màofàn ― to offend
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to receive; to suffer from
* to emit; to give off; to send out
    冒煙／冒烟 ― màoyān ― to give off smoke
* (Mandarin) to appear; to emerge
* (dialectal Mandarin, of water) to boil
* (dialectal Mandarin, Wu) to vomit or to have diarrhoea
* (dialectal Mandarin) to cover rice or noodles with vegetables and meat; to put broth over noodles or rice
    冒菜 ― màocài ― maocai [a local dish of Sichuan]
* Alternative form of 冇 (“to not have”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Substitute character for 懋 (mào, “to encourage”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Substitute character for 芼 (mào, “name of a vegetable”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 瑁 (mào, “ceremonial jade”).

### Etymology 2

“Covetous”. Compare 每 (OC *mɯːʔ, “to covet”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mào (mao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mak$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mào
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mào
*** Wade–Giles: mao$^4$
*** Yale: màu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw
*** Palladius: мао (mao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mak$^6$
*** Yale: mahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: meg$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐk̚²/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤuk-s/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 冒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ maw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁuk-s/ |
| English | to look down on; covetous |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

冒
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 媢 (mào, “to envy”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be greedy for; covetous

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mào (mao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mui$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mào
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mào
*** Wade–Giles: mao$^4$
*** Yale: màu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw
*** Palladius: мао (mao)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mui$^6$
*** Yale: muih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mui$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mui$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːi̯²²/

#### Definitions

冒
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Only used in 瑇冒 and 毒冒, both are alternative forms of 玳瑁 (dàimào).

### Etymology 4

Contracted form of 木佬佬.

#### Pronunciation

* Wu (Hangzhou, Wugniu): $^6$mau
* Wu
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mau
*** MiniDict: mau$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /mɔ¹¹³/

#### Definitions

冒 (Hangzhounese)
* very; quite
    冒多 [Hangzhounese] ― very many
* many
       Many workers came.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 甚, 孔 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 很, 非常, 十分 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 很 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 很, 蠻, 非常 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 挺, 楞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 很, 好 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蠻, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蠻, 稀, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 很 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好, 非常之 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 好, 十分之 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 好 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 好, 非常之, 非常 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 好 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 好 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頂 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 好 |
| Hakka | Changting | 野 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 已, 刮 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 樣 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 好 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋, 盡, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 盡, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 足, 真, 實在 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 好 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 好 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 很 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 好 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 很, 挺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 盡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 野, 真 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 真 |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 野, 萬代 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 真, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 誠, 蓋, 足 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 足, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 真, 誠, 真正 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 過, 好, 非常, 死爸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 好, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 真, 死爸, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 極, 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 但顧 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 但顧, 真 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 好, 蠻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蠻, 窮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蠻, 蒙, 顯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 很, 蠻 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蠻 |

### Etymology 5

Transcription character, preserving the original pronunciation at the time of borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mò (mo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mak$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mò
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mò
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$
*** Yale: mwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mak$^6$
*** Yale: mahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: meg$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: mok
Rime :
| Character | 冒 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫北切 |
| Baxter | mok |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /mək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /mək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冒 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 8922 |
| Phonetic component | 冃 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 墨 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

冒
* Only used in 冒頓／冒顿 (Mòdú, “name of a Xiongnu chieftain”).

### Compounds

* 不揣冒昧 (bùchuǎimàomèi)
* 仿冒 (fǎngmào)
* 仿冒品
* 假冒 (jiǎmào)
* 冒了
* 冒充 (màochōng)
* 冒兒咕冬 / 冒儿咕冬
* 冒冒勢勢 / 冒冒势势
* 冒冒失失 (màomàoshīshī)
* 冒冒實實 / 冒冒实实
* 冒冷汗
* 冒名 (màomíng)
* 冒名行騙 / 冒名行骗
* 冒名頂替 / 冒名顶替 (màomíngdǐngtì)
* 冒失 (màoshī)
* 冒失鬼
* 冒姓 (màoxìng)
* 冒字頭 / 冒字头 (màozìtóu)
* 冒富
* 冒尖 (màojiān)
* 冒撞
* 冒支銀 / 冒支银
* 冒昧 (màomèi)
* 冒昧從事 / 冒昧从事
* 冒死 (màosǐ)
* 冒汗 (màohàn)
* 冒泡 (màopào)
* 冒泡兒 / 冒泡儿 (màopàor)
* 冒涼腔 / 冒凉腔
* 冒濫 / 冒滥
* 冒瀆 / 冒渎 (màodú)
* 冒火 (màohuǒ)
* 冒然
* 冒煙 / 冒烟 (màoyān)
* 冒煙突火 / 冒烟突火 (mào yān tūhuǒ)
* 冒熱氣 / 冒热气
* 冒牌 (màopái)
* 冒牌貨 / 冒牌货 (màopáihuò)
* 冒犯 (màofàn)
* 冒用 (màoyòng)
* 冒禮 / 冒礼
* 冒稱 / 冒称
* 冒突
* 冒籍 (màojí)
* 冒號 / 冒号 (màohào)
* 冒被
* 冒認 / 冒认 (màorèn)
* 冒進政策 / 冒进政策
* 冒金星兒 / 冒金星儿
* 冒鋒突圍 / 冒锋突围
* 冒鏑當鋒 / 冒镝当锋
* 冒險 / 冒险 (màoxiǎn)
* 冒險犯難 / 冒险犯难
* 冒險進取 / 冒险进取
* 冒雨 (màoyǔ)
* 冒雨剪韭
* 冒雪
* 冒霜撥露 / 冒霜拨露
* 冒露安身
* 冒頓 / 冒顿
* 冒領 / 冒领 (màolǐng)
* 冒頭 / 冒头 (màotóu)
* 冒風 / 冒风
* 冒餉 / 冒饷
* 失張冒勢 / 失张冒势
* 感冒 (gǎnmào)
* 打脫冒 / 打脱冒
* 披霜冒露
* 浮冒
* 湯風冒雪 / 汤风冒雪
* 火冒
* 火冒三丈 (huǒmàosānzhàng)
* 甘冒虎口
* 美得冒泡
* 覆冒
* 觸冒 / 触冒
* 貪冒 / 贪冒
* 貪冒榮寵 / 贪冒荣宠
* 貪榮冒寵 / 贪荣冒宠
* 迎風冒雪 / 迎风冒雪
* 靦冒 / 䩄冒
* 頂名冒姓 / 顶名冒姓
* 風熱感冒 / 风热感冒

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 冒 |
| Kyūjitai | 冒󠄃 冒+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* risk

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 冒 (MC mawH):
* Go-on: もう (mō)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 冒 (MC mok):
* Go-on: もく (moku)
* Kan-on: ぼく (boku)
Unknown:
* On (unclassified): まい (mai)、ばい (bai)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: おかす (okasu, 冒す, Jōyō)、おおう (ōu, 冒う)、ねたむ (netamu, 冒む)、むさぼる (musaboru, 冒る)

### References

* ↑ “冒”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* Family Register Unified Characters (戸籍統一文字) 259610

## Korean
### Hanja

冒 (eumhun 무릅쓸 목 (mureupsseul mok))
* hanja form of 목 (“risk, brave, dare”)
冒 (eumhun 가릴 모 (garil mo))
* hanja form of 모 (“cover, hide, conceal, veil”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

冒: Hán Nôm readings: mạo, mào, mẹo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.