# 質問
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhìwèn, zhíwèn
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄨㄣˋ, ㄓˊ ㄨㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zat$^1$ man$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳt-mun
    (Hailu, HRS): zhid mun$^ˇ$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chit-būn / chit-mn̄g / chit-mūi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhìwèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhwùn
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$-wên$^4$
*** Yale: jr̀-wèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhwenn
*** Palladius: чживэнь (čživɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ wən⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhíwèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhwùn
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$-wên$^4$
*** Yale: jŕ-wèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrwenn
*** Palladius: чживэнь (čživɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ wən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zat$^1$ man$^6$
*** Yale: jāt mahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzat$^7$ man$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zed$^1$ men$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐt̚⁵ mɐn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt-mun
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziid$^ˋ$ mun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zid$^5$ mun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚² mun⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhid mun$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃit⁵⁻² mun¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-būn
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-būn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: citbun
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ bun³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ bun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ bun²²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ bun²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-mn̄g
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-mn̄g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: citmng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-mūi
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-muī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: citmui
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ muĩ²²/

### Verb

質問
* to question; to interrogate; to call to account

#### Synonyms

* 叮問 / 叮问 (dīngwèn) (dialectal)
* 叱問 / 叱问 (chìwèn)
* 問 / 问 (wèn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 斥問 / 斥问 (chìwèn)
* 盤問 / 盘问 (pánwèn)
* 詰問 / 诘问 (jiéwèn) (literary)
* 詰責 / 诘责 (jiézé) (literary)
* 責問 / 责问 (zéwèn)
* 追問 / 追问 (zhuīwèn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 質 | 問 |
| しつ Grade: 5 | もん Grade: 3 |
| kan'on | goon |

### Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 質問 (MC tsyit mjunH, literally “quality + ask”), apparently borrowed later as a learned borrowing from Literary Chinese of the same source term.
First attested in 1771.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しつもん [shìtsúmóń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕi̥t͡sɨmõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

質(しつ)問(もん) • (shitsumon)
* [from 1771] a question
    Synonym: (implies that there is a doubt about something) 疑問 (gimon)

### Verb

質(しつ)問(もん)する • (shitsumon suru) suru (stem 質(しつ)問(もん)し (shitsumon shi), past 質(しつ)問(もん)した (shitsumon shita))
* [from 1771] to ask a question
    Synonyms: 聞く (kiku), 問う (tou), 尋ねる (tazuneru), (humble) 伺う (ukagau)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 質問し | しつもんし | shitsumon shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 質問し | しつもんし | shitsumon shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 質問する | しつもんする | shitsumon suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 質問する | しつもんする | shitsumon suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 質問すれ | しつもんすれ | shitsumon sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 質問せよ¹ 質問しろ² | しつもんせよ¹ しつもんしろ² | shitsumon seyo¹ shitsumon shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 質問される | しつもんされる | shitsumon sareru |
| Causative | 質問させる 質問さす | しつもんさせる しつもんさす | shitsumon saseru shitsumon sasu |
| Potential | 質問できる | しつもんできる | shitsumon dekiru |
| Volitional | 質問しよう | しつもんしよう | shitsumon shiyō |
| Negative | 質問しない | しつもんしない | shitsumon shinai |
| Negative continuative | 質問せず | しつもんせず | shitsumon sezu |
| Formal | 質問します | しつもんします | shitsumon shimasu |
| Perfective | 質問した | しつもんした | shitsumon shita |
| Conjunctive | 質問して | しつもんして | shitsumon shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 質問すれば | しつもんすれば | shitsumon sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 質 | 問 |

### Noun

質問 • (jilmun) (hangeul 질문)
* hanja form of 질문 (“question”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 質 | 問 |

### Verb

質問
* chữ Hán form of chất vấn (“to question”).