# ak
## Translingual
### Symbol

ak
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Akan.

## English

ak
* (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of act.
* (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of acknowledge and related forms of that word (acknowledges, acknowledged, acknowledging, acknowledgement etc.)

## Abinomn
### Noun

ak (dual akrom, plural aigon)
* egg

## Ainu
### Etymology 1

Possibly related to Nivkh ыкын (əkən), аӄанд (aqand, “elder brother”).

#### Alternative forms

* aki

#### Noun

ak (Kana spelling アㇰ)
* younger brother

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ak (Kana spelling アㇰ)
* to shoot with an arrow

### References

* John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)‎, Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., page 22
* “ak （アㇰ）”, in Ainu-English Dictionary‎, TranslationDirectory.com, 2023 April 25 (last accessed)

## Antillean Creole
### Etymology

Its usage as meaning "with" and "and" is modelled after usage of similar terms in substrate languages. Its phonological form might be from French avec (“with”) or Wolof ak or both.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Conjunction

ak
* and; connects two noun phrases.

### Preposition

ak
* with

## Ch'orti'
### Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *7aaq.

### Noun

ak
* grass

### References

* Stross, Brian, Wisdom, Charles (1992) "Ch'orti' Mayan Lexicon." (Transcribed and transliterated from handwritten fieldnotes of Charles Wisdom), Language Laboratory, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Texas, page 5
* Hull, Kerry (2016) A Dictionary of Ch'orti' Mayan-Spanish-English, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, →ISBN, page 48

## Epigraphic Mayan
### Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *ahq.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔɑk/, /ʔɑhk/

### Noun

ak
* turtle

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Preposition

ak
* (Quebec, informal) Pronunciation spelling of avec.

## Gagauz
### Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (aq, “white”), from Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰀𐰴 (aq, “white”), Karakhanid ااقْ (āq, “white”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑk/

### Adjective

ak (comparative taa ak, superlative en ak)
* white

## Gothic
### Romanization

ak
* Romanization of 𐌰𐌺

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

Its usage as meaning "with" and "and" is modelled after usage of similar terms in substrate languages. Its phonological form might be from French avec (“with”) or Wolof ak or both; in the former case, it is a doublet of avèk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak/

### Conjunction

ak
* and; connects two noun phrases.
** 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik‎:Anvwaye espesyal Etazini pou Venezuela, Elliot Abrams, ak vis-minis afè etranjè Larisi, Sergei Ryabkov, ap fè reyinyon nan vil Wòm ann Itali pou yo pale sou “sityasyon Venezuela kap agrave.”American Special Envoy for Venezuela Elliot Abrams and Russian Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Ryabkov are meeting in the city of Rome, Italy to speak about "the worsening situation in Venezuela."

### Preposition

ak
* with
    Synonyms: avè, avèk

## Hanunoo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔak/ [ˈʔɐk]
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: ak

### Pronoun

ak (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜣ᜴) (literary)
* Apocopic form of ako

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 23

## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of ak – see 沃 (“fertile; rich; lush; to irrigate; to water; to soak; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 沃).

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* aq (alay)
* q (alay)

### Pronoun

ak
* (text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of aku.

## Ingrian
### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈɑk/, [ˈɑk]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈɑk/, [ˈɑɡ̊]
* Rhymes: -ɑk
* Hyphenation: ak

### Interjection

ak
* Alternative form of ah

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 9

## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *āk.

### Noun

ak
* white

### Adjective

ak
* white

### References

N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ak”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Lacandon
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Mayan *ahq.

#### Noun

ak
* turtle, tortoise
* A constellation. (clarification of this definition is needed)

##### Derived terms

* chanak
* chʌk ik ak
* jach ak
* kꞌʌnak

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

ak
* lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

### References

* Baer, Phillip, Baer, Mary, Chan Kꞌin, Manuel, Chan Kꞌin, Antonio (2018) Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 51)‎ (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 3–4

## Latvian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German ach (“oh”). In 16th- and 17th-century literature, o or oh was often used in this sense. In a text from 1638, German ach is translated as ok, which points to a borrowing from Russian ох (ox). The from ak, from German, was introduced in the 17th-18th century.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Riga):(file)

### Interjection

ak
* used to indicate various feelings: joy, excitement, fear, distress; oh! ah!
    ak, cik lieliski! ― oh! how great!
    ak, kāda laime! ― oh, such happiness!
    ak, kas par prieku! ― oh, what joy!
    ak, kā patīk! ― oh, how pleasant!
    ak, briesmas! ― oh! danger!
    ak, brīvība! tā ir vitamīns, kas dzelzij un akmenim cauri ēdas ― ah! freedom! that is a vitamin that eats through stone and iron
    vai tu viņus atradi? ak, mani bērni, mani bērniņi! ― have you found them? oh, my children, my (poor) little children!
    “matemātika”, zēns bubina un izņem grāmatu... ak vai, ak vai, un visi citi jau guļ! ― “mathematics,” the boy whispered and took the book... oh, oh (= poor me!), and all others are already sleeping (but I must study)!
* used to express certain mental states — e.g., surprise, disappointment, disapproval — in an emotional but also intelligent, perceptive way; ah! oh!
    ak, ko es redzu! ― ah! what do I see (here)!
    ak, kas par godu! ― ah! what an honor!
    ak, kā jāstrādā! ― oh! what should be done?
    ak, kaut es dabūtu! ― ah! if only I could get (that)!
    ak, tas tikai sīkums! ― oh, that's just a trifle
    ak, vasara, vasara, kā tu vari mulsināt jaunu meiču sirdis! ― ah! summer, summer, how you can confuse young girls' hearts!
* (often in combination with the pronoun tu (“you”)) used to reinforce an interjection by either literally or metaphorically attributing some characteristic to the hearer; (ah,) you ... ! you ... ! oh ...!
    ak (tu) neprāts! ― ah, you crazy one!
    ak tu palaidnis tāds! ― (ah,) you rascal!
    ak (tu) kungs! ― oh Lord!
    ak (tu) dievs! ― oh God!
    ak (tu) velns! ― oh devil!
    ak (tu) ļauna pasaule! ― oh evil world!
    nē, nē, māt, pavasarī gan grūti mirt; visas puķītes zied, putniņi dzied, ak tu jaukā pasaulīte! ― no, no, mother, it is difficult to die in spring; all the little flowers are blooming, the birds are singing, oh (you) lovely world!
    “ak tu mūžs, kas te to zvēru!” māte iesaucās, redzot pēdas sniegā ― “ah life, what wild beast is that!” the mother exclaimed, seeing tracks in the snow

### Particle

ak
* used to give an interjectional flavor to an utterance, especially when expressing surprise; oh!
    ak tu tas esi! ― oh! that's you!
    ak tad tā! ― oh, it's like that, then!
    ak paspēji gan! ― oh, you did it!
    ak tāds tu esi! ― oh, that's what you're like!
    ak jā! ak nē! ak tā! ― oh, yes! oh, no! oh!... (expressions used when suddenly remembering something)
    ak jā, gandrīz būtu piemirsis: labasdienas, māt, no Līzes ― oh yes, I had almost forgotten: greetings, mother, from Līze
    “ak tad tur tā vaina!” Ozols beidzot saprata ― “ooh, there then is the blame (= problem)!” Ozols finally understood

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ak”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Marshallese
### Pronunciation

* (phonetic) IPA: [ɑk]
* (phonemic) IPA: /ɰæk/
* Bender phonemes: {hak}

### Conjunction

ak
* but
* or

### Preposition

ak
* but

### Noun

ak
* frigatebird

### References

* Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

## Old Frisian
### Alternative forms

* ocke

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *auk, from Proto-Germanic *auk. Cognates include Old English ēac, Old Saxon ōk and Old Dutch ōk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːk/

### Adverb

āk
* also, too
* but, however

#### Descendants

* North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: uk
* Saterland Frisian: uk, ook
* West Frisian: ek

#### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ak. Cognate with Old English ac, Gothic 𐌰𐌺 (ak), Old High German oh.

### Conjunction

ak
* but
** 9th c. Heliand, verse 2366
    ...sunu drohtīnes, ak hē sagde mid wordun......Lord's son, but he told with words...

## Palauan
### Etymology

From Pre-Palauan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

### Pronoun

ak
* I (non-emphatic)

## Pumpokol
### Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaq-ɔt- (“to sleep”).

### Verb

ak
* to lie down

#### Related terms

* xotɨk

## Slovak
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak/

### Conjunction

ak
* if

### Further reading

* “ak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovincian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈak/
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: ak

### Adverb

ak (not comparable)
* Alternative form of jak

### Conjunction

ak
* Alternative form of jak

### Further reading

* Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “ãk”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 2

## Southeastern Tepehuan
### Etymology

Cognate with Northern Tepehuan áki, O'odham ʼakĭ.

### Noun

ak (plural aꞌak)
* arroyo

#### Derived terms

* akkɨꞌn
* gɇꞌ ak

### References

* R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)‎ (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 6

## Sumerian
### Romanization

ak
* Romanization of 𒀝 (ak)

## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* aq

### Noun

ak
* Abbreviation of akademisk kvart.
* Abbreviation of automatkarbin.

### Anagrams

* k:a

## Tarifit
### Alternative forms

* aked, ked, ag, ig

### Preposition

ak (Tifinagh spelling ⴰⴽ)
* with, alongside (in company of)
* against (in opposition to)
    Fransa itirar ak UlimanFrance is playing against Germany.

## Tocharian A
### Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *ëk, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃okʷ- (“to see”) + the noun-forming ending *-s. Compare Tocharian B ek.

### Noun

ak ?
* eye

#### Related terms

* aśäṃ

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑk/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish آق (ak, “white”), from Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰀𐰴 (aq, “white”), Karakhanid ااقْ (āq, “white”).

#### Adjective

ak
* white
    Synonym: beyaz
    Antonyms: kara, siyah
* (figuratively) clean
* (figuratively) honest
* (figuratively) comfortable
* (archaic) west

##### Declension

For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

#### Noun

ak (definite accusative akı, plural aklar)
* white

##### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
ak
aklar
definite accusative
akı
akları
dative
aka
aklara
locative
akta
aklarda
ablative
aktan
aklardan
genitive
akın
akların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
akım
aklarım
2nd singular
akın
akların
3rd singular
akı
akları
1st plural
akımız
aklarımız
2nd plural
akınız
aklarınız
3rd plural
akları
akları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
akımı
aklarımı
2nd singular
akını
aklarını
3rd singular
akını
aklarını
1st plural
akımızı
aklarımızı
2nd plural
akınızı
aklarınızı
3rd plural
aklarını
aklarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
akıma
aklarıma
2nd singular
akına
aklarına
3rd singular
akına
aklarına
1st plural
akımıza
aklarımıza
2nd plural
akınıza
aklarınıza
3rd plural
aklarına
aklarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
akımda
aklarımda
2nd singular
akında
aklarında
3rd singular
akında
aklarında
1st plural
akımızda
aklarımızda
2nd plural
akınızda
aklarınızda
3rd plural
aklarında
aklarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
akımdan
aklarımdan
2nd singular
akından
aklarından
3rd singular
akından
aklarından
1st plural
akımızdan
aklarımızdan
2nd plural
akınızdan
aklarınızdan
3rd plural
aklarından
aklarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
akımın
aklarımın
2nd singular
akının
aklarının
3rd singular
akının
aklarının
1st plural
akımızın
aklarımızın
2nd plural
akınızın
aklarınızın
3rd plural
aklarının
aklarının :

##### Coordinate terms

compass points:
| kuzeybatı | kuzey şimal kara | kuzeydoğu |
| batı garp ak | | doğu şark gök |
| güneybatı | güney cenup kızıl | güneydoğu |

#### See also

Colors in Turkish · renkler (layout · text) :
| beyaz, ak | gri, boz | siyah, kara |
| kırmızı, kızıl; al | turuncu; kahverengi, konur, boz | sarı; bej |
| limon çürüğü | yeşil | nane yeşili |
| camgöbeği; turkuaz | gök, mavi | lacivert |
| eflatun; mor | pembe; mor | yavruağzı |

#### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

ak
* second-person singular imperative of akmak

## Turkmen
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːk/

### Adjective

ak (comparative akrak, superlative iň ak)
* white

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *akka.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

ak
* (old) woman

#### Inflection
### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “баба, жена, старуха”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

## Vietnamese
### Etymology 1

Influenced by teencode.

#### Particle

ak
* (slang, Internet, text messaging) Abbreviation of à.

## Wolof
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Conjunction

ak
* and, used between nouns
* with

### See also

* té
* di