# 車

| 車 | U+8ECA, &#36554; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8ECA |
| ← 軉 [U+8EC9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 軋 → [U+8ECB] |
| ⾞ | U+2F9E, &#12190; KANGXI RADICAL CART |
| ← ⾝ [U+2F9D] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾟ → [U+2F9F] |
| 車 | U+F902, &#63746; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F902 |
| ← 更 [U+F901] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 賈 → [U+F903] |

## Translingual
### Han character

車 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十田十 (JWJ), four-corner 5000$_6$, composition ⿻亘丨 or ⿻二申)
* Kangxi radical #159, ⾞.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/車
* 俥, 唓, 𡌄, 𡝀, 𡷖, 𢚷, 捙, 𣵐, 陣, 連, 𣒞, 𤉖, 𤥭, 𪨑, 硨, 𦀺, 蛼, 𫌼, 𬦲, 𩳛, 𬵒
* 軋, 𠜥, 𠜒, 𨊴, 軙, 𨛩, 斬, 𤭔, 𩒷, 軍, 𰃚, 莗, 𭶼, 𫁿, 𫅨, 𠣞, 𣫂, 厙, 庫, 㾝, 𪋀, 閳, 𪢫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1239, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38172
* Dae Jaweon: page 1712, character 34
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3511, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8ECA
* Unihan data for U+F902

## Chinese

* 車 (Written Standard Chinese)
* chhia (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 車 :
| Shang | Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 車 | *kʰlja, *kla |
| 硨 | *kʰlja |
| 厙 | *qʰljaːs |
| 庫 | *kʰaːs |
Pictogram (象形) – originally a carriage seen from above. In the oracle bone script, there were large wheels on both sides and a sun shade on the top. Later, when Chinese characters were written vertically, the wheels on both sides were simply drawn in strokes and the loading area was marked with a 田 (OC *l'iːŋ). Therefore, it is important to understand that the current character, 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla) is a vertical depiction of a carriage.
Note that 倝 (OC *kaːns) and 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew) are not derived from 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla).

### Etymology

Perhaps a loan from an Indo-European language because the horse and chariot were introduced into China around 1200 BC from Inner Asia; compare Tocharian A kukäl, Tocharian B kokale (“wagon; cart”) (Mair, 1990, Bauer, 1994), from Proto-Tocharian *kuk(ä)le, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos, a form of *kʷel- (“to turn”). Cognate with English wheel, Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), Lithuanian kaklas (“neck”), etc.
Baxter and Sagart specifically pinpoint descent from some reflex of Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám. They also suppose that the variation of pronunciations could be attributed to separate borrowing events from Indo-Aryan and Iranian.
An older variant survives in Mandarin 軲轆／轱辘 (gūlu, “wheel”) (Bauer, 1994). Alternatively, the word is a derivation by k-prefix from 舁 (OC *la, “to lift”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); compare the semantic parallel in Tibetan ཐེག་པ (theg pa, “vehicle; carriage”) (<to support; to carry; to lift).
Pronunciations 1 and 2 are cognate. A similar phonological doublet is 處 (OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) and 居 (OC *kas) (Schuessler, 2007). Pronunciation 2 is traditionally regarded as the older pronunciation.
The sense of lewd content is derived from 老司機 / 老司机 (lǎosījī).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chē (che$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄜ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ce$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): chě
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): chě
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чә (čə, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ce$^1$ / geoi$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): coe$^1$ / coe$^{1-0}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cie$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ca$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhâ
    (Hailu, HRS): cha$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ca$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ce$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): chiá
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiă
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cia$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhia / cha / ki
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cia$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): qia$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): ce$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$tsho / $^1$tshuei
** (Jinhua): $^1$chiaa; $^1$tshua
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): che$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chē
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: che
*** Wade–Giles: chʻê$^1$
*** Yale: chē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: che
*** Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chēr
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄜㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cher
*** Wade–Giles: chʻê$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: chēr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: che'l
*** Palladius: чэр (čɛr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ce$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ce
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: chě
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: chě
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): che$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰe¹¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чә (čə, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ce$^1$ / geoi$^1$
*** Yale: chē / gēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tse$^1$ / goey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cé$^1$ / gêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/, /kɵy̯⁵⁵/
* ce1 - colloquial (incl. surname);
* geoi1 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tsyhae
Rime :
| Character | 車 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 尺遮切 |
| Baxter | tsyhae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰia/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰia/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰia/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰia/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰia/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯a/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ce$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.qʰ](r)A/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlja/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 車 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t.qʰ](r)A/ |
| English | chariot |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 車 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 1311 |
| Phonetic component | 車 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 車 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰlja/ |

#### Definitions

車
* (countable) land vehicle; (specifically) car (Classifier: 輛／辆 m; 部 m c; 臺／台 m mn; 架 c; 頂／顶 mn; 張／张 mn-t)
    汽車／汽车 ― qìchē ― car
    火車／火车 ― huǒchē ― train
       Jiē shàng yī liàng chē dōu méiyǒu. [Pinyin]
       There is not even one car on the street.
       heoi$^3$ ce$^1$ hong$^{4-2}$ maai$^5$ san$^1$ ce$^1$ [Jyutping]
       to buy a new car at a car dealership
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yǒu chē línlín, yǒu mǎ bái diān. [Pinyin]
    He has many carriages, giving forth their lin-lin; He has horses with their white foreheads.
    From: Lu Xun, 1922. The True Story of Ah Q (《阿Q正傳》)
    Āqiū bèi tái shàng le yī liàng méiyǒu péng de chē, jǐ ge duǎnyī rénwù yě hé tā tóng zuò zài yī chù. [Pinyin]
    Ah Q was lifted on to an uncovered cart, and several men in short jackets sat down with him.
* wheeled device, appliance, instrument or apparatus
    滑車／滑车 ― huáchē ― pulley
    紡車／纺车 ― fǎngchē ― spinning wheel
* machine; rig; engine; motor; locomotive; tractor; truck; lorry (Classifier: 部 m; 臺／台 m)
    試車／试车 ― shìchē ― to test a new machine
* (Cantonese) driving (action of operating a vehicle); driving skills (Classifier: 手 c)
* to lathe
* to lift water using a 水車／水车 (“old-style machine that is human or animal-powered and lifts water”)
* (dialectal, including Cantonese, Wu, Northern Min, Southern Min, Liuzhou Mandarin) to transport using a vehicle
       nei$^5$ ho$^2$ m$^4$ ho$^2$ ji$^5$ ce$^1$ ngo$^5$ heoi$^3$ dei$^6$ tit$^3$ zaam$^6$ aa$^3$? [Jyutping]
       Can you drive me to the MTR station?
* to tailor or sew using a sewing machine
    車衫／车衫 [Cantonese] ― ce$^1$ saam$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to sew clothes with a sewing machine
* (Cantonese) to hit violently
       daai$^6$ baa$^1$ daai$^6$ baa$^1$ ce$^1$ lok$^6$ keoi$^5$ faai$^3$ min$^6$ dou$^6$ [Jyutping]
       to hit his face with multiple violent slaps
* (dialectal) to turn (one's body, etc.)
* (Sichuanese) to rotate; to turn
* (Internet slang) pornography; lewd content
* Classifier for loads of things carried by a vehicle.
    From: c. 8th century, Bai Juyi (白居易), 賣炭翁
    Yī chē tàn, qiān yú jīn, guān shǐ qū jiāng xī bùdé. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* a surname

##### Usage notes

* 車／车 (chē) is a collective term for all types of vehicles with wheel(s). Additional morphemes are added in front to specify the type of the vehicle. For example:
    汽車／汽车 ― qìchē ― car
    火車／火车 ― huǒchē ― train
    自行車／自行车 ― zìxíngchē ― bicycle
    嬰兒車／婴儿车 ― yīng'érchē ― pram

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 汽車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 汽車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 汽車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 車 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 汽車, 車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 汽車 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 汽車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 汽車 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 汽車, 馬什乃 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Binyang (Nanjie) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luocheng (Dongmen) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianlin (Langping) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 汽車 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 汽車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 汽車 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 汽車, 車 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 汽車, 車 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jiangkou) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Madong) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 車 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 汽車 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 汽車 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 汽車 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 汽車 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 車 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 汽車 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 汽車 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 汽車 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 汽車, 風車, 大車, 電車 dated |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 風車 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 汽車, 風車, 大車 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 風車 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 汽車, 大車, 電車 dated |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 汽車, 風車 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 自動車, 動車 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 汽車, 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 自動車 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 汽車 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 自動車, 汽車 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 車 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 車, 風車 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 車, 風車 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 汽車 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 汽車, 羅里 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 羅里 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 羅里 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 羅里 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 車, 風車 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 羅里 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 車 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 汽車 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 汽車 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 汽車 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 汽車, 大眼睛 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 汽車 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 汽車 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 汽車 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 汽車子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 汽車 |
* (vehicle):
* 車仔 / 车仔 (Hakka)
* 車子 / 车子
* 車輛 / 车辆 (chēliàng)

##### Compounds

* 七香車 / 七香车
* 下澤車 / 下泽车
* 下車 / 下车 (xiàchē)
* 上車 / 上车 (shàngchē)
* 上車灣 / 上车湾 (Shàngchēwān)
* 三輪車 / 三轮车 (sānlúnchē)
* 中古車 / 中古车 (zhōnggǔchē)
* 乘車 / 乘车 (chéngchē)
* 交通車 / 交通车
* 便車 / 便车 (biànchē)
* 倒車 / 倒车
* 候車 / 候车 (hòuchē)
* 候車室 / 候车室 (hòuchēshì)
* 停車 / 停车 (tíngchē)
* 停車位 / 停车位 (tíngchēwèi)
* 停車場 / 停车场 (tíngchēchǎng)
* 停車費 / 停车费 (tíngchēfèi)
* 僱車 / 雇车
* 公車 / 公车 (gōngchē)
* 公車票 / 公车票
* 公車站 / 公车站 (gōngchēzhàn)
* 公車處 / 公车处
* 兵車行 / 兵车行
* 冷氣車 / 冷气车
* 冷藏車 / 冷藏车 (lěngcángchē)
* 出租車 / 出租车 (chūzūchē)
* 出車 / 出车 (chūchē)
* 列車 / 列车 (lièchē)
* 列車員 / 列车员
* 列車長 / 列车长
* 剎車 / 刹车 (shāchē)
* 加班車 / 加班车 (jiābānchē)
* 包車 / 包车 (bāochē)
* 區間車 / 区间车 (qūjiānchē)
* 協力車 / 协力车
* 卡車 / 卡车 (kǎchē)
* 叉車 / 叉车 (chāchē)
* 叫車 / 叫车 (jiàochē)
* 吉普車 / 吉普车 (jípǔchē)
* 同車 / 同车
* 吊車 / 吊车 (diàochē)
* 吊車尾 / 吊车尾 (diàochēwěi)
* 單車 / 单车 (dānchē)
* 囚車 / 囚车 (qiúchē)
* 國民車 / 国民车
* 國產車 / 国产车
* 坐車 / 坐车 (zuòchē)
* 坦克車 / 坦克车 (tǎnkèchē)
* 垃圾車 / 垃圾车 (lājīchē)
* 塞車 / 塞车
* 塌車 / 塌车
* 墮車 / 堕车
* 夜車 / 夜车 (yèchē)
* 大客車 / 大客车 (dàkèchē)
* 大板車 / 大板车 (dàbǎnchē)
* 大篷車 / 大篷车 (dàpéngchē)
* 大貨車 / 大货车 (dàhuòchē)
* 大車 / 大车 (dàchē)
* 大車拼 / 大车拼
* 太平車 / 太平车
* 套半車 / 套半车
* 套車 / 套车
* 娃娃車 / 娃娃车
* 嬰兒車 / 婴儿车 (yīng'érchē)
* 學步車 / 学步车 (xuébùchē)
* 安車 / 安车 (ānchē)
* 宣傳車 / 宣传车 (xuānchuánchē)
* 客車 / 客车 (kèchē)
* 寢車 / 寝车 (qǐnchē)
* 專車 / 专车 (zhuānchē)
* 小客車 / 小客车
* 小貨車 / 小货车
* 小車 / 小车 (xiǎochē)
* 小車子 / 小车子
* 履帶車 / 履带车
* 屬車 / 属车
* 巢車 / 巢车
* 平快車 / 平快车
* 平板車 / 平板车 (píngbǎnchē)
* 平車 / 平车 (píngchē)
* 幽靈車 / 幽灵车
* 庫車 / 库车 (Kùchē)
* 座車 / 座车
* 廣柳車 / 广柳车
* 弄車鼓 / 弄车鼓
* 快車 / 快车 (kuàichē)
* 快車道 / 快车道 (kuàichēdào)
* 悶子車 / 闷子车
* 慢車 / 慢车 (mànchē)
* 慢車道 / 慢车道
* 戰車 / 战车 (zhànchē)
* 房車 / 房车 (fángchē)
* 扇車 / 扇车 (shànchē)
* 手推車 / 手推车 (shǒutuīchē)
* 手車 / 手车 (shǒuchē)
* 打車子 / 打车子
* 拖吊車 / 拖吊车 (tuōdiàochē)
* 押車 / 押车
* 拖車 / 拖车 (tuōchē)
* 拉車 / 拉车
* 抬車 / 抬车
* 指南車 / 指南车
* 拼裝車 / 拼装车
* 排子車 / 排子车 (pǎizichē)
* 推橫車 / 推横车
* 推車 / 推车 (tuīchē)
* 掛車 / 挂车 (guàchē)
* 搭便車 / 搭便车 (dā biànchē)
* 搖車 / 摇车
* 搭車 / 搭车 (dāchē)
* 摩托自行車 / 摩托自行车 (mótuō zìxíngchē)
* 摩托車 / 摩托车
* 撞車 / 撞车 (zhuàngchē)
* 擱車 / 搁车
* 攔車 / 拦车 (lánchē)
* 放車 / 放车
* 救火車 / 救火车 (jiùhuǒchē)
* 教練車 / 教练车
* 救護車 / 救护车 (jiùhùchē)
* 敞篷車 / 敞篷车 (chǎngpéngchē)
* 敞車 / 敞车 (chǎngchē)
* 斗車
* 新娘車 / 新娘车
* 旅行車 / 旅行车 (lǚxíngchē)
* 旃車 / 旃车
* 旋車盤 / 旋车盘
* 晚車 / 晚车 (wǎnchē)
* 普通車 / 普通车
* 暈車 / 晕车 (yùnchē)
* 曳引車 / 曳引车
* 望樓車 / 望楼车
* 末班車 / 末班车 (mòbānchē)
* 板兒車 / 板儿车
* 東洋車 / 东洋车 (dōngyángchē)
* 板車 / 板车
* 柴車 / 柴车
* 棚車 / 棚车
* 概念車 / 概念车
* 機車 / 机车 (jīchē)
* 機關車 / 机关车 (jīguānchē)
* 殯車 / 殡车 (bìnchē)
* 氈車 / 毡车 (zhānchē)
* 氣墊車 / 气垫车
* 氣煞車 / 气煞车
* 水車 / 水车 (shuǐchē)
* 水車前 / 水车前
* 江州車 / 江州车
* 汽車 / 汽车 (qìchē)
* 油壁車 / 油壁车 (yóubìchē)
* 泡沫車 / 泡沫车
* 油碧車 / 油碧车
* 油罐車 / 油罐车 (yóuguànchē)
* 河車 / 河车
* 泊車 / 泊车
* 油車 / 油车 (yóuchē)
* 洋車 / 洋车 (yángchē)
* 海盤車 / 海盘车 (hǎipánchē)
* 消防車 / 消防车 (xiāofángchē)
* 滑板車 / 滑板车 (huábǎnchē)
* 滑行車 / 滑行车
* 滑車 / 滑车 (huáchē)
* 潘車 / 潘车
* 灑水車 / 洒水车 (sǎshuǐchē)
* 火燒車 / 火烧车
* 火車 / 火车 (huǒchē)
* 火車站 / 火车站 (huǒchēzhàn)
* 火車頭 / 火车头 (huǒchētóu)
* 炮車 / 炮车
* 烏賊車 / 乌贼车
* 煤水車 / 煤水车
* 煞車 / 煞车 (shāchē)
* 營業車 / 营业车
* 牛車 / 牛车 (niúchē)
* 獨輪車 / 独轮车 (dúlúnchē)
* 獸力車 / 兽力车
* 班車 / 班车 (bānchē)
* 瓦斯車 / 瓦斯车
* 甩車 / 甩车
* 發石車 / 发石车
* 登車 / 登车 (dēngchē)
* 發車 / 发车 (fāchē)
* 直達車 / 直达车 (zhídáchē)
* 矢車菊 / 矢车菊 (shǐchējú)
* 砂石車 / 砂石车
* 碰碰車 / 碰碰车 (pèngpèngchē)
* 禮車 / 礼车
* 筒車 / 筒车
* 管車 / 管车
* 篷車 / 篷车 (péngchē)
* 糧車 / 粮车
* 素車 / 素车
* 紡車 / 纺车 (fǎngchē)
* 紫河車 / 紫河车 (zǐhéchē)
* 絞車 / 绞车 (jiǎochē)
* 繅車 / 缫车
* 纜車 / 缆车 (lǎnchē)
* 罐車 / 罐车 (guànchē)
* 羊車 / 羊车
* 翻車 / 翻车 (fānchē)
* 老爺車 / 老爷车 (lǎoyéchē)
* 耬車 / 耧车
* 聯結車 / 联结车
* 腳踏車 / 脚踏车 (jiǎotàchē)
* 膠皮車 / 胶皮车
* 臥車 / 卧车 (wòchē)
* 自用車 / 自用车
* 自由車 / 自由车 (zìyóuchē)
* 自行車 / 自行车 (zìxíngchē)
* 臺車 / 台车 (táichē)
* 臺車道 / 台车道
* 舟車 / 舟车 (zhōuchē)
* 花車 / 花车 (huāchē)
* 苦車 / 苦车
* 莎車 / 莎车
* 落車 / 落车 (luòchē)
* 蒲笨車 / 蒲笨车
* 蒲車 / 蒲车
* 行車 / 行车 (xíngchē)
* 裝甲車 / 装甲车 (zhuāngjiǎchē)
* 裝車 / 装车 (zhuāngchē)
* 覆車 / 覆车
* 計程車 / 计程车 (jìchéngchē)
* 試車 / 试车 (shìchē)
* 調車場 / 调车场
* 警車 / 警车 (jǐngchē)
* 豪華車 / 豪华车
* 豹尾車 / 豹尾车
* 貨車 / 货车 (huòchē)
* 賽車 / 赛车 (sàichē)
* 贓車 / 赃车 (zāngchē)
* 超車 / 超车 (chāochē)
* 越野車 / 越野车 (yuèyěchē)
* 趕車 / 赶车
* 趕車的 / 赶车的
* 跑車 / 跑车 (pǎochē)
* 跨子車 / 跨子车
* 跳車 / 跳车 (tiàochē)
* 跟車 / 跟车 (gēnchē)
* 踏車 / 踏车
* 蹦蹦車 / 蹦蹦车
* 車主 / 车主 (chēzhǔ)
* 車仗 / 车仗
* 車份兒 / 车份儿 (chēfènr)
* 車位 / 车位 (chēwèi)
* 車僮 / 车僮
* 車公 / 车公 (Chēgōng)
* 車公里 (chēgōnglǐ)
* 車刀 / 车刀
* 車到山前必有路 / 车到山前必有路 (chēdàoshānqiánbìyǒulù)
* 車前 / 车前
* 車削 / 车削 (chēxiāo)
* 車前子 / 车前子 (chēqiánzǐ)
* 車喝 / 车喝
* 車圈 / 车圈 (chēquān)
* 車圍 / 车围
* 車城 / 车城 (Chēchéng)
* 車城路 / 车城路 (Chēchénglù)
* 車場 / 车场 (chēchǎng)
* 車塵 / 车尘 (chēchén)
* 車墊子 / 车垫子
* 車大炮 / 车大炮
* 車夫 / 车夫 (chēfū)
* 車子 / 车子
* 車字旁 / 车字旁 (chēzìpáng)
* 車客 / 车客
* 車容 / 车容 (chēróng)
* 車宮 / 车宫
* 車家店 / 车家店 (Chējiādiàn)
* 車尾 / 车尾 (chēwěi)
* 車工 / 车工 (chēgōng)
* 車帷 / 车帷
* 車幫 / 车帮 (chēbāng)
* 車床 / 车床 (chēchuáng)
* 車庫 / 车库 (chēkù)
* 車廂 / 车厢 (chēxiāng)
* 車廠 / 车厂 (chēchǎng)
* 車廠子 / 车厂子 (chēchǎngzi)
* 車式 / 车式
* 車徒 / 车徒
* 車房 / 车房 (chēfáng)
* 車手 / 车手 (chēshǒu)
* 車把 / 车把 (chēbǎ)
* 車技 / 车技 (chējì)
* 車把勢 / 车把势 (chēbǎshì)
* 車把式 / 车把式 (chēbǎshi)
* 車掌 / 车掌 (chēzhǎng)
* 車攻 / 车攻
* 車斗
* 車書 / 车书
* 車服 / 车服
* 車架 / 车架 (chējià)
* 車桑仔 / 车桑仔
* 車條 / 车条 (chētiáo)
* 車棚 / 车棚 (chēpéng)
* 車次 / 车次 (chēcì)
* 車死 / 车死 (ce$^1$ sei$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 車水 / 车水 (chēshuǐ)
* 車水馬龍 / 车水马龙 (chēshuǐmǎlóng)
* 車況 / 车况 (chēkuàng)
* 車流 / 车流 (chēliú)
* 車照 / 车照 (chēzhào)
* 車燈 / 车灯 (chēdēng)
* 車牌 / 车牌 (chēpái)
* 車瓦 / 车瓦
* 車百合 / 车百合
* 車皮 / 车皮 (chēpí)
* 車票 / 车票 (chēpiào)
* 車禍 / 车祸 (chēhuò)
* 車程 / 车程 (chēchéng)
* 車種 / 车种 (chēzhǒng)
* 車站 / 车站 (chēzhàn)
* 車筐 / 车筐 (chēkuāng)
* 車箱 / 车箱 (chēxiāng)
* 車篷 / 车篷 (chēpéng)
* 車篷子 / 车篷子
* 車簸箕 / 车簸箕
* 車組 / 车组 (chēzǔ)
* 車老闆 / 车老板
* 車胎 / 车胎 (chētāi)
* 車腳夫 / 车脚夫
* 車腳錢 / 车脚钱
* 車臣 / 车臣 (Chēchén)
* 車舝 / 车舝
* 車葉草 / 车叶草
* 車蓋 / 车盖 (chēgài)
* 車號 / 车号
* 車螯 / 车螯
* 車行 / 车行 (chēháng)
* 車裂 / 车裂
* 車豁子 / 车豁子
* 車費 / 车费 (chēfèi)
* 車資 / 车资 (chēzī)
* 車身 / 车身 (chēshēn)
* 車軌 / 车轨
* 車軸 / 车轴 (chēzhóu)
* 車軸草 / 车轴草
* 車軲轆 / 车轱辘
* 車軲轆會 / 车轱辘会
* 車軲轆話 / 车轱辘话
* 車載鬥量 / 车载斗量
* 車輔 / 车辅
* 車輪 / 车轮 (chēlún)
* 車輦 / 车辇 (chēniǎn)
* 車輛 / 车辆 (chēliàng)
* 車輪戰 / 车轮战 (chēlúnzhàn)
* 車輪會 / 车轮会
* 車輪菜 / 车轮菜
* 車輻 / 车辐
* 車轂 / 车毂
* 車轅 / 车辕 (chēyuán)
* 車輿 / 车舆
* 車轍 / 车辙 (chēzhé)
* 車速 / 车速 (chēsù)
* 車道 / 车道 (chēdào)
* 車道溝 / 车道沟 (chēdàogōu)
* 車道線 / 车道线
* 車鄰 / 车邻
* 車鉤 / 车钩 (chēgōu)
* 車鈴 / 车铃 (chēlíng)
* 車錢 / 车钱 (chēqián)
* 車長 / 车长
* 車門 / 车门 (chēmén)
* 車間 / 车间 (chējiān)
* 車間文學 / 车间文学
* 車閘 / 车闸 (chēzhá)
* 車陣 / 车阵
* 車隊 / 车队 (chēduì)
* 車頭 / 车头 (chētóu)
* 車馬 / 车马 (chēmǎ)
* 車馬費 / 车马费 (chēmǎfèi)
* 車駕 / 车驾 (jūjià)
* 車體 / 车体
* 車鼓弄 / 车鼓弄
* 車鼓陣 / 车鼓阵
* 軒車 / 轩车
* 軘車 / 𰹸车
* 軺車 / 轺车
* 軥車 / 𰺁车
* 輜車 / 辎车
* 輶車 / 𬨎车
* 輲車 / 𰺒车
* 輿車 / 舆车
* 轀車 / 辒车
* 轉車 / 转车 (zhuǎnchē)
* 轎車 / 轿车 (jiàochē)
* 迴車 / 回车
* 通車 / 通车 (tōngchē)
* 過山車 / 过山车 (guòshānchē)
* 遊覽車 / 游览车 (yóulǎnchē)
* 遣車 / 遣车
* 野雞車 / 野鸡车 (yějīchē)
* 金龜車 / 金龟车 (Jīnguīchē)
* 鈿車 / 钿车
* 鋒車 / 锋车
* 錯車 / 错车
* 鏟雪車 / 铲雪车
* 鐵牛車 / 铁牛车
* 鐵甲車 / 铁甲车 (tiějiǎchē)
* 開倒車 / 开倒车 (kāidàochē)
* 開夜車 / 开夜车 (kāiyèchē)
* 開快車 / 开快车
* 開車 / 开车 (kāichē)
* 陷車 / 陷车
* 隨車雨 / 随车雨
* 雙套車 / 双套车
* 雪車 / 雪车 (xuěchē)
* 雲梯車 / 云梯车
* 雲車 / 云车
* 電動車 / 电动车 (diàndòngchē)
* 電視車 / 电视车
* 電纜車 / 电缆车 (diànlǎnchē)
* 電聯車 / 电联车 (diànliánchē)
* 雷車 / 雷车
* 電車 / 电车 (diànchē)
* 露車 / 露车
* 霹靂車 / 霹雳车
* 靈車 / 灵车 (língchē)
* 革勒車 / 革勒车 (Gélèchē)
* 領魂車 / 领魂车
* 風車 / 风车 (fēngchē)
* 飆車 / 飙车 (biāochē)
* 飛快車 / 飞快车
* 飛車 / 飞车 (fēichē)
* 餐車 / 餐车 (cānchē)
* 首車 / 首车
* 香車 / 香车 (xiāngchē)
* 馬車 / 马车 (mǎchē)
* 駕車 / 驾车 (jiàchē)
* 騎車 / 骑车 (qíchē)
* 驅車 / 驱车 (qūchē)
* 騾車 / 骡车
* 驛馬車 / 驿马车
* 鬼車 / 鬼车
* 魂車 / 魂车
* 鸞車 / 鸾车 (luánjū)
* 鹽車 / 盐车
* 麴車 / 曲车
* 麵包車 / 面包车 (miànbāochē)
* 黃包車 / 黄包车 (huángbāochē)
* 黃屋車 / 黄屋车
* 黑牌車 / 黑牌车
* 龍尾車 / 龙尾车
* 龍骨車 / 龙骨车

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jū (ju$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ju$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jǔ
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jǔ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): geoi$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gui$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jy$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kî
    (Hailu, HRS): gi$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gi$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jy$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
* Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ku / kir / ki
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ge$^1$ / gu$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gu$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$ciu
** (Jinhua): $^1$ciu
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy$^1$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): jy$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, literary)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jū
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^1$
*** Yale: jyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ju$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gy
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: jǔ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: jǔ
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ju$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy¹¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: geoi$^1$
*** Yale: gēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵy̯⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: gui$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kui²¹³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕy¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /ky⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /ky⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gy$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /ky⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
*** Tâi-lô: ku
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kw
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kir
*** Tâi-lô: kir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ³³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
*** Tâi-lô: ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ky
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ge$^1$ / gu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ / ku
*** Sinological IPA : /kɯ³³/, /ku³³/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: gu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ciu
*** MiniDict: ciu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$jy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕy⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕy³³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕy⁵²/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ciu
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡ɕy³³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: jy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy³³/
** (Loudi)
*** Wiktionary: jy$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kjo
Rime :
| Character | 車 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 九魚切 |
| Baxter | kjo |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɔ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭo/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | geoi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.q(r)a/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kla/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 車 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjo › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.q(r)a/ |
| English | chariot |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 車 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 1315 |
| Phonetic component | 車 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 居 |
| Old Chinese | /*kla/ |

#### Definitions

車
* (xiangqi) chariot; rook: 🩫 (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
* (chess) rook

##### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese chess pieces) 帥 / 帅 (shuài) / 將 / 将 (jiàng), 仕 (shì) / 士 (shì), 相 / 象 (xiàng), 俥 / 伡 / 車 / 车 (jū), 傌 / 㐷 / 馬 / 马 (mǎ), 炮 / 砲 / 炮, 兵 (bīng) / 卒 (zú)

##### Compounds

* 丟卒保車 / 丢卒保车 (diūzúbǎojū)
* 五車 / 五车
* 余車
* 倅車 / 倅车
* 傳車 / 传车 (zhuànchē)
* 公車 / 公车 (gōngchē)
* 前車之鑑 / 前车之鉴
* 前車之鑒 / 前车之鉴
* 前車可鑒 / 前车可鉴
* 副車 / 副车
* 博覽五車 / 博览五车
* 學富五車 / 学富五车
* 安步當車 / 安步当车
* 宮車晏駕 / 宫车晏驾
* 峻阪鹽車 / 峻阪盐车
* 巾車 / 巾车
* 徒步當車 / 徒步当车
* 怒臂當車 / 怒臂当车
* 惠施五車 / 惠施五车
* 懸車之年 / 悬车之年
* 懸車告老 / 悬车告老
* 懸車致仕 / 悬车致仕
* 捨車保帥 / 舍车保帅 (shèjūbǎoshuài)
* 攀車拒輪 / 攀车拒轮
* 攀車臥轍 / 攀车卧辙
* 旌車 / 旌车
* 書富五車 / 书富五车
* 書讀五車 / 书读五车
* 杯水車薪 / 杯水车薪
* 杯蛇鬼車 / 杯蛇鬼车
* 棄車保帥 / 弃车保帅 (qìjūbǎoshuài)
* 樓車 / 楼车
* 檀車 / 檀车
* 檻車 / 槛车 (jiànjū)
* 無將大車 / 无将大车
* 熟路輕車 / 熟路轻车
* 犢車 / 犊车
* 禽困覆車 / 禽困覆车
* 緩步代車 / 缓步代车
* 蜃車 / 蜃车
* 衣車 / 衣车
* 象車 / 象车
* 貳車 / 贰车
* 車人 / 车人
* 車右 / 车右
* 車士 / 车士
* 車殆馬煩 / 车殆马烦
* 車笠之盟 / 车笠之盟
* 車裂 / 车裂
* 車駕 / 车驾 (jūjià)
* 車騎 / 车骑
* 輔車 / 辅车
* 輕車 / 轻车
* 輕車介士 / 轻车介士
* 輕車熟路 / 轻车熟路
* 輔車相依 / 辅车相依
* 輕車簡從 / 轻车简从
* 輔車脣齒 / 辅车唇齿
* 長車 / 长车
* 閉門造車 / 闭门造车
* 革車 / 革车
* 食人隻車 / 食人只车 (sik$^6$ jan$^4$ zek$^3$ geoi$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 鹿車 / 鹿车
* 鹿車共挽 / 鹿车共挽

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 車(しゃ) (sha)
* → Korean: 차(車) (cha), 거(車) (geo)
* → Vietnamese: xa (車)
Others:
* → Vietnamese: xe (車, “wheeled vehicle”)
* → Zhuang: ci (“vehicle”)

### See also

Chess pieces in Mandarin · 國際象棋棋子 / 国际象棋棋子 (guójì xiàngqí qízǐ) (layout · text) :
| 王 (wáng), 國王 / 国王 (guówáng) | 后 (hòu), 皇后 (huánghòu) | 車 / 车 (jū), 城堡 (chéngbǎo) | 象 (xiàng), 主教 (zhǔjiào) | 馬 / 马 (mǎ), 騎士 / 骑士 (qíshì) | 兵 (bīng) |

### References

* “車”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “車”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* vehicle

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)、こ (ko)
* Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)、きょ (kyo)
* Kun: くるま (kuruma, 車, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 車(しゃ)輪(りん) (sharin)
* 新(しん)車(しゃ) (shinsha)
* 自(じ)転(てん)車(しゃ) (jitensha)
* 電(でん)車(しゃ) (densha)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 車
* しゃ Grade: 1
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 車 (MC tsyhae).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕa̠]

#### Counter

車(しゃ) • (-sha)
* used to count vehicles

#### Affix

車(しゃ) • (sha)
* vehicle
    韓(かん)国(こく)車(しゃ)
       Kankoku-sha
       South Korean vehicle
* train car
    Synonym: 車両
    女(じょ)性(せい)専(せん)用(よう)車(しゃ)
       josei-sen'yō-sha
       car for women only

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 車
* くるま Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, with the ideographic spelling 車.
Assuming an initial meaning of wheel, may be a compound of くる (kuru, related to spinning or rotating, as in 繰る (kuru, “to spin (as in thread)”), 枢 (kuru, “hinge”), くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly, round and round”), 転めく (kurumeku, “to spin round and round, to rotate; to be dizzy”)) +‎ ま (ma, a suffix added to various parts of speech to form an indeclinable word indicating state).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くるま [kùrúmá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kɯ̟ɾɯ̟ma̠]

#### Noun

車(くるま) • (kuruma) (counter 台)
* a car, an automobile, a carriage, a cart
* a wheel, a caster
* something wheel-shaped
* a style of 紋 (mon, “family crest”)
* short for various terms:
** short for 車海老 (kuruma ebi): a prawn
** short for 車懸 (kuruma-gakari): “wheel formation”, a battle tactic where units attack in staged waves in order to prevent the opponent from resting
** short for 肩車 (kata-guruma): riding on one's shoulders, piggyback
** short for 手車 (te-guruma): a handcart, a wheelbarrow
** short for 車座 (kuruma za): sitting in a circle
* (obsolete) during the Edo period, in the red-light district in Ōsaka, a prostitute whose services cost four 匁 (monme) and three 分 (bun) (possibly in reference to the cost of a carriage ride)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:娼婦

##### Derived terms

* 車(くるま)椅子(いす) (kurumaisu, “wheelchair”)
* 車花(クルマバナ) (kurumabana)

##### Descendants

* → Marshallese: kurm̧a

### References

* ↑ c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, poem 694:, text here
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 車 (MC tsyhae).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 챵 (Yale: chyà) | 챵 (Yale: chyà) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 又音 | 챠 (Yale: chyà) |
| Early Modern Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Juhae Cheonjamun, 1804 | 수뤼 (surwi) | 챠 (cha) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [차]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 車 (eumhun 수레 차 (sure cha))
* hanja form of 차 (“car; automobile; vehicle”)
* hanja form of 차 (“cart; wheeled machinery”)

##### Usage notes

This reading is used as a standalone word to mean "car."

#### Compounds

* 견인차(牽引車) (gyeonincha)
* 구급차(救急車) (gugeupcha)
* 기차(汽車) (gicha)
* 박차(拍車) (bakcha)
* 소방차(消防車) (sobangcha)
* 승용차(乘用車) (seung'yongcha)
* 열차(列車) (yeolcha)
* 자동차(自動車) (jadongcha)
* 전차(戰車) (jeoncha)
* 전차(電車) (jeoncha)
* 정차(停車) (jeongcha)
* 주차장(駐車場) (juchajang)
* 차량(車輛) (charyang)
* 풍차(風車) (pungcha)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 車 (MC kjo).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 겅 (Yale: kè) | 겅 (Yale: kè) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 술위〮 (Yale: swùlGwúy) | 거 (Yale: kè) |
| Early Modern Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Juhae Cheonjamun, 1804 | 수뤼 (surwi) | 거 (geo) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [거]

#### Hanja

車 (eumhun 수레 거 (sure geo))
* (only in compounds) hanja form of 거 (“cart; wheeled machinery”)

#### Compounds

* 인력거(人力車) (illyeokgeo)
* 자전거(自轉車) (jajeon'geo)
* 정거(停車) (jeonggeo)
* 정거장(停車場) (jeonggeojang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Kunigami
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: く゚るまー (ngurumā, 車)

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kuruma, from Proto-Japonic *kuruma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kˀuɾumaː/

### Noun

車(く゚るまー) (ngurumā)
* car
* wheel

## Miyako
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: くるま (kuruma, 車, Jōyō)

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kuruma, from Proto-Japonic *kuruma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuɾuma/

### Noun

車(くるま) (kuruma)
* car
* wheel

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): さ (sa)
* Kun: くるま (kuruma, 車, Jōyō)

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kuruma, from Proto-Japonic *kuruma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuɾuma/

### Noun

車(くるま) (kuruma)
* car
* wheel

## Tày
### Verb

車 (xa)
* Nôm form of xa (“to search, to look for”).
    役富貴古媒車拾Viểc phú quý cổ moi xa thắp(please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Vietnamese
### Han character

車: Hán Nôm readings: xa, xe, xế
* a car
* (xiangqi) any piece labeled with 車; the chariot/rook.

#### Compounds

* 車踏 (xe đạp)

## Yaeyama
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: くるま (kuruma, 車, Jōyō)

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kuruma, from Proto-Japonic *kuruma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuɾuma/

### Noun

車(くるま) (kuruma)
* car
* wheel

## Yonaguni
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: くるま (kuruma, 車, Jōyō)

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kuruma, from Proto-Japonic *kuruma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuɾuma/

### Noun

車(くるま) (kuruma)
* car
* wheel