# gesso
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian gesso. Doublet of gypsum. Compare Portuguese gesso (“gypsum; plaster, cast”) and Spanish yeso (“gypsum; plaster, cast”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɛsəʊ/
* Rhymes: -ɛsəʊ

### Noun

gesso (usually uncountable, plural gessos or gessoes)
* A mixture of plaster of Paris and glue used to prepare a surface for painting.
** 1994, Timothy Noad, Patricia Seligman, The Illuminated Alphabet, The Quarto Group (Chartwell Books), 2017, page 27,
    The combination of leaf gold and gesso is almost miraculous. No photographic reproduction can adequately show the brilliant effect of raised gesso.
** 1999, Altoon Sultan, The Luminous Brush, Watson-Guptill, page 37:To make the gesso, you need a chalk and a glue. During the Renaissance, gesso was made with gypsum, which is calcium sulphate. Terra Alba, available from art suppliers today, is a natural gypsum that makes a bright white gesso.
** 2007, Robin Cormack, Icons, The British Museum Press, Harvard University Press, page 33,
    The idea was that this would serve as a binder for the layer of gesso or at least might help to prevent the painting from instantly cracking apart if the wood split at any time.
* A work of art done in gesso.

#### Usage notes

* Confusion arises from the fact that the Italian gesso is often translated as chalk, which in English is ambiguous and can be interpreted either as the mineral calcium carbonate or, in a more faithful translation, as calcium sulfate (gypsum; the "chalk" used to mark blackboards). In fact, both materials appear to have been used, historically.
* In 1955, a water-based acrylic gesso was developed comprised of calcium carbonate, the pigment titanium white (titanium dioxide) and an acrylic polymer medium. Modern acrylic gessos come in a variety of materials and mixtures, including coloured pigments, combined with the acrylic polymer base.

#### Derived terms

* gesso duro
* gessoed
* gesso grosso (“rough first layer of gesso”)
* gesso sottile (“finer second or subsequent layer”)

#### Translations
### Further reading

* "What is Gesso?", Rebecca E. Parsons, The Graphics Fairy
* "gesso", on Britannica.com

### Anagrams

* Goses, Segos, goses, segos

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian gesso

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡesːo/, [ˈɡe̞s̠ːo̞]
* Rhymes: -esːo
* Hyphenation: ges‧so

### Noun

gesso
* gesso (mixture of plaster of Paris and glue)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of gesso (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gessoni
gessoni
accusative
nom.
gessoni
gessoni
gen.
gessoni
genitive
gessoni
gessojeni
partitive
gessoani
gessojani
inessive
gessossani
gessoissani
elative
gessostani
gessoistani
illative
gessooni
gessoihini
adessive
gessollani
gessoillani
ablative
gessoltani
gessoiltani
allative
gessolleni
gessoilleni
essive
gessonani
gessoinani
translative
gessokseni
gessoikseni
abessive
gessottani
gessoittani
instructive
comitative
—gessoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gessosi
gessosi
accusative
nom.
gessosi
gessosi
gen.
gessosi
genitive
gessosi
gessojesi
partitive
gessoasi
gessojasi
inessive
gessossasi
gessoissasi
elative
gessostasi
gessoistasi
illative
gessoosi
gessoihisi
adessive
gessollasi
gessoillasi
ablative
gessoltasi
gessoiltasi
allative
gessollesi
gessoillesi
essive
gessonasi
gessoinasi
translative
gessoksesi
gessoiksesi
abessive
gessottasi
gessoittasi
instructive
comitative
—gessoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gessomme
gessomme
accusative
nom.
gessomme
gessomme
gen.
gessomme
genitive
gessomme
gessojemme
partitive
gessoamme
gessojamme
inessive
gessossamme
gessoissamme
elative
gessostamme
gessoistamme
illative
gessoomme
gessoihimme
adessive
gessollamme
gessoillamme
ablative
gessoltamme
gessoiltamme
allative
gessollemme
gessoillemme
essive
gessonamme
gessoinamme
translative
gessoksemme
gessoiksemme
abessive
gessottamme
gessoittamme
instructive
comitative
—gessoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gessonne
gessonne
accusative
nom.
gessonne
gessonne
gen.
gessonne
genitive
gessonne
gessojenne
partitive
gessoanne
gessojanne
inessive
gessossanne
gessoissanne
elative
gessostanne
gessoistanne
illative
gessoonne
gessoihinne
adessive
gessollanne
gessoillanne
ablative
gessoltanne
gessoiltanne
allative
gessollenne
gessoillenne
essive
gessonanne
gessoinanne
translative
gessoksenne
gessoiksenne
abessive
gessottanne
gessoittanne
instructive
comitative
—gessoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
gessonsa
gessonsa
accusative
nom.
gessonsa
gessonsa
gen.
gessonsa
genitive
gessonsa
gessojensa
partitive
gessoaan gessoansa
gessojaan gessojansa
inessive
gessossaan gessossansa
gessoissaan gessoissansa
elative
gessostaan gessostansa
gessoistaan gessoistansa
illative
gessoonsa
gessoihinsa
adessive
gessollaan gessollansa
gessoillaan gessoillansa
ablative
gessoltaan gessoltansa
gessoiltaan gessoiltansa
allative
gessolleen gessollensa
gessoilleen gessoillensa
essive
gessonaan gessonansa
gessoinaan gessoinansa
translative
gessokseen gessoksensa
gessoikseen gessoiksensa
abessive
gessottaan gessottansa
gessoittaan gessoittansa
instructive
comitative
—gessoineen gessoinensa :

### Further reading

* “gesso”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin gypsum, from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɛs.so/
* Rhymes: -ɛsso
* Hyphenation: gès‧so
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

gesso m (plural gessi)
* chalk
* a cast

#### Derived terms

* gesso

#### Related terms

* gessetto
* gessoso
* ingessare

#### Descendants

* → English: gesso

### References

* ↑ gesso in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Further reading

* gesso in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin gypsum (“gypsum”), from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos). Doublet of giz, borrowed through Arabic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʒe.su/
* Rhymes: -esu
* Hyphenation: ges‧so

### Noun

gesso m (plural gessos)
* gypsum (mineral)
    Synonym: gipsita
* plaster (substance used for coating walls and ceilings)
    Synonym: estuque
* cast (device to help mend broken bones)

#### Derived terms

* engessar
* gessar
* gesseiro
* gesso de Paris
* gesso-cré

#### Related terms

* engessado
* engessador
* giz

### Further reading

* “gesso”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “gesso”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025