# roof
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹuːf/, /ɹʊf/
* (General American) IPA: /ɹuf/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Inland Northern American) IPA: /ɹʊf/
** Audio (Inland Northern American):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɹuːf/
** Audio (UK):(file)
* (Canada) IPA: /ɹuf/
** (Ottawa Valley) IPA: /ɹʊf/
** Audio (Canada):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʊf, -uːf

### Etymology 1

From Middle English rof, from Old English hrōf (“roof, ceiling; top, summit; heaven, sky”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōfą (“roof”).

#### Noun

roof (plural roofs or (UK, uncommon) rooves)
* (architecture) The external covering at the top of a building.
    The roof was blown off by the tornado.
** 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.
** 1931, Robert L. May, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward, draft:The very first sound that you’ll hear on the roof (Provided there’s fog) will be Rudolph’s small hoof.
** 1984, Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic Three (lyrics and music), “The Roof Is on Fire”:The roof, the roof, the roof is on fire! We don't need no water: Let the motherfucker burn! Burn, motherfucker, burn!
* The top external level of a building.
    Let's go up to the roof.
** 1962, Gerry Goffin et al. (lyrics and music), “Up on the Roof”:When this old world starts getting me down And people are just too much for me to face, I climb way up to the top of the stairs And all my cares just drift right into space On the roof, it's peaceful as can be And there, the world below can't bother me...
* The upper part of a cavity.
    The palate is the roof of the mouth.
** 2011 October 1, John Sinnott, “Aston Villa 2-0 Wigan”, in BBC Sport‎:As Bent pulled away to the far post, Agbonlahor opted to go it alone, motoring past Gary Caldwell before unleashing a shot into the roof of the net.
* (mining) The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying a bed of coal or a flat vein.
* (climbing) An overhanging rock wall.
* (slang, archaic) A hat.
** 1857, Thomas Hughes, Tom Brown's School Days:Tom thought his cap a very knowing affair, but confessed that he had a hat in his hat-box; which was accordingly at once extracted from the hind-boot, and Tom equipped in his go-to-meeting roof, as his new friend called it.

##### Synonyms

* (cover at top of building): rooftop, tect (obsolete, rare), thatch
* (in a cavity): ceiling

##### Derived terms

* barrel roof
* blow the roof off
* built-up roof
* burn the roof
* butterfly roof
* catslide roof
* coach roof
* curb roof
* deck roof
* family roof
* fix the roof while the sun is shining
* French roof
* gable roof
* gambrel roof
* green roof
* hip roof, hipped roof
* hit the roof
* house-roof
* lantern roof
* like a cat on a hot tin roof
* low-slope roof
* mansard roof
* moon roof
* moonroof
* M roof
* pavilion roof
* peaked roof
* pent roof
* pitched roof
* protected membrane roof
* pyramid hip roof
* pyramid roof
* raise the roof
* roof assembly
* roof-brain chatter
* roof comb
* roof curb
* roof deck
* roof garden
* roof knocking
* roof light
* roof of the mouth
* roof over one's head
* roof-plate
* roof prism
* roof rabbit
* roof rack
* roof rake
* roof rat
* roof riding
* roof square
* roof tax
* rooftile
* roof tile
* rooftop
* roof tree
* rooftree
* saddle roof
* shed roof
* single-ply roof
* snow on the roof
* snow on the roof top
* sod roof
* span roof
* square roof
* steep-slope roof
* sunroof
* sunshine roof
* through the roof
* tin roof ice cream
* tin roof pie
* tin roof sundae
* turf roof
* turf-roof
* under one roof
* under someone's roof
* unroof
* unroofed
* V roof

##### Translations

Abkhaz: ахыб (axəb)
Acehnese: bubong
Adyghe: шъхьэ (ŝḥɛ)
Afrikaans: dak (af)
Ainu: アリㇷ゚ (arip), チェカ (ceka), キタイ (kitay)
Aklanon: atop
Albanian: çati (sq) m
Amharic: ጣራ (ṭara)
Arabic: سَقْف m (saqf), سَطْح m (saṭḥ)
Algerian Arabic: سْقَف m (sqaf), بْلَافُو m (plāfū)
Egyptian Arabic: سطح m (saṭḥ)
Hijazi Arabic: سَطُوح m (saṭūḥ)
Moroccan Arabic: سقف m (sqaf)
Armenian: տանիք (hy) (tanikʻ), կտուր (hy) (ktur)
Assamese: ছাদ (sad)
Asturian: teyáu (ast) m, techu (ast)
Azerbaijani: örtük, dam (az)
Bashkir: түбә (tübə)
Basque: teilatu (eu)
Belarusian: дах (be) m (dax), кры́ша (be) f (krýša) (archaic), страха́ (be) f (straxá)
Bengali: ছাদ (bn) (chad)
Breton: toenn (br) f
Bulgarian: по́крив (bg) m (pókriv)
Burmese: အမိုး (my) (a.mui:)
Buryat: орой (oroj)
Catalan: teulada (ca) f
Cebuano: atop
Chakma: please add this translation if you can
Chechen: тхов (txov)
Chepang: छाना
Cherokee: ᎦᏌᎾᎵ (gasanali)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 屋頂 / 屋顶 (uk$^1$ deng$^2$), 房頂 / 房顶 (fong$^4$ deng$^2$)
Dungan: динзы (dinzɨ)
Hokkien: 厝頂 / 厝顶 (zh-min-nan) (chhù-téng)
Mandarin: 屋頂 / 屋顶 (zh) (wūdǐng), 房頂 / 房顶 (zh) (fángdǐng)
Cimbrian: dach f
Crimean Tatar: dam
Czech: střecha (cs) f
Danish: tag (da) n
Dhivehi: please add this translation if you can
Drung: chvkung
Dutch: dak (nl) n
Egyptian: (kꜣpw)
Esperanto: tegmento (eo)
Estonian: katus (et)
Faroese: tak n
Finnish: katto (fi), ulkokatto (fi), vesikatto (fi)
French: toit (fr) m
Friulian: cuviert m, tet m
Galician: tellado (gl) m, teito (gl) m, colmo (gl) m, treito m
Georgian: სახურავი (saxuravi), ბურული (buruli), ბანი (bani)
Old Georgian: ბედედი (bededi)
German: Dach (de) n
Gothic: 𐌷𐍂𐍉𐍄 n (hrōt)
Greek: στέγη (el) f (stégi), σκεπή (el) f (skepí), οροφή (el) f (orofí)
Ancient: ὀροφή f (orophḗ), τέγος n (tégos), στέγος n (stégos)
Guaraní: ogahoja
Gujarati: છત (gu) (chat)
Hebrew: גַּג (he) m (gag)
Higaonon: atop
Hiligaynon: atop
Hindi: छत (hi) f (chat)
Hungarian: tető (hu), háztető (hu)
Hunsrik: Dach m
Icelandic: þak (is) n
Ido: tekto (io)
Indonesian: atap (id)
Ingush: тхов (txov)
Interlingua: tecto
Iranun: atep
Irish: díon (ga) m, ceann m
Italian: tetto (it) m
Iu Mien: biauv-ngorh
Japanese: 屋根 (ja) (やね, yane)
Javanese: empyak (jv)
Kannada: ಛಾವಣಿಯ (chāvaṇiya)
Kashubian: dak m
Kazakh: шатыр (şatyr), төбе (töbe)
Khinalug: гис (gis)
Khmer: ដំបូល (km) (dɑmboul)
Kinaray-a: atëp
Korean: 지붕 (ko) (jibung)
Kumyk: къалкъы (qalqı)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: بان (ban), سەربان (ckb) (serban)
Northern Kurdish: ban (ku), serban (ku) m
Kyrgyz: чатыр (ky) (catır)
Ladin: please add this translation if you can
Lao: ຫຼັງຄາ (lo) (lang khā)
Latgalian: jumts
Latin: tēctum (la) n
Latvian: jumts m
Ligurian: téito m
Limburgish: daak (li) n
Lingala: motondo
Lithuanian: stogas m
Livonian: katūks
Lombard: tècc
Lun Bawang: afo
Macedonian: покрив m (pokriv)
Malagasy: tafo (mg)
Malay: atap (ms), bumbung (ms)
Jawi: اتڤ (ms), بومبوڠ
Malayalam: മേൽക്കൂര (ml) (mēlkkūra)
Maltese: saqaf m
Manchu: ᠣᠶᠣ (oyo)
Mansaka: atup
Maore Comorian: utro class 11/10
Maori: tuanui
Marathi: छत (chat)
Moksha: кудбря (kudbrä)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: дээвэр (mn) (deever)
Mongolian: ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ (degebür)
Nanai: гуичэ (guiče)
Navajo: hooghan bikááʼ
Nepali: छाना (chānā)
Ngazidja Comorian: paa class 5/6, triho class 5/6
Norman: lief m
North Frisian: (Föhr-Amrum) taag n
Northern Sami: dáhkki
Norwegian:
Bokmål: tak (no) n
Nynorsk: tak n
Occitan: teulat (oc) m, tech (oc) m
Odia: ଛାତ (or) (chāta), ପକା (or) (pakā)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: стрѣха f (strěxa)
Old East Slavic: кровъ m (krovŭ), стропъ m (stropŭ)
Old English: hrōf m, þæc n
Ossetian: уӕлхӕдзар (wælxæʒar)
Ottoman Turkish: طام (dam), چاتی (çatı)
Pacoh: mpuông
Palauan: chado
Pashto: بام (ps) m (bām)
Persian:
Dari: بَام (bām)
Iranian Persian: بام (fa) (bâm)
Piedmontese: tèit m
Plautdietsch: Dak (nds) n
Polish: dach (pl) m
Portuguese: telhado (pt) m
Punjabi: ਛੱਤ (chatta)
Quechua: gata, wasi qhatana
Rohingya: sal
Romagnol: cvērt m
Romanian: acoperiș (ro) n
Romansch: tetg m, tet m
Russian: кры́ша (ru) f (krýša), кров (ru) m (krov), строп (ru) m (strop), стреха́ (ru) f (strexá)
Salar: eçik
Sango: li tî da (sg)
Sanskrit: छदि (sa) f (chadi)
Sardinian:
Campidanese: crabetura f
Logudorese: cobertura f
Nuorese: teulada f
Scottish Gaelic: mullach m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: кро̏в m
Roman: krȍv (sh) m
Sicilian: tettu (scn) m
Sinhalese: ඡදන (chadana)
Slovak: strecha (sk) f
Slovene: streha (sl) f
Somali: saqaf (so)
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: kšywo n
Upper Sorbian: třěcha (hsb) f
Southern Altai: јабу (ǰabu)
Spanish: tejado (es), techo (es) m, techado (es) m, techumbre m
Swahili: paa (sw) class 5/6
Swedish: tak (sv) n, yttertak (sv) n
Tagalog: atip (tl), bubong
Tajik: бом (tg) (bom)
Talysh: بون (bun)
Tamil: கூரை (ta) (kūrai)
Tarifit: tazeqqa f
Tatar: түбә (tt) (tübä)
Tausug: atup
Telugu: కప్పు (te) (kappu)
Thai: หลังคา (th) (lǎng-kaa)
Tibetan: ཐོག། (thog)
Tigrinya: ናሕሲ (naḥsi)
Tocharian B: ṣim
Turkish: çatı (tr), örtü (tr), dam (tr)
Turkmen: üçek, tamyň üsti
Tuvan: крыша (krışa)
Ugaritic: 𐎂𐎂 (gg)
Ukrainian: дах (uk) m (dax), кри́ша f (krýša) (archaic), стрі́ха f (stríxa) (straw), покрі́вля f (pokrívlja)
Urdu: چَھت f (chat)
Uyghur: ئۆگزە (ögze)
Uzbek: tom (uz), tim (uz)
Venetan: cuèrt (vec), cuerto m, coverto, coerto
Vietnamese: mái nhà (vi), mái (vi)
Vilamovian: dāh
Volapük: nuf (vo)
Walloon: toet (wa) m
Welsh: to (cy) m, pen tŷ m
White Hmong: ru
Yagnobi: бом (bom)
Yakan: sapew
Yiddish: דאַך n (dakh)
Zazaki: bon (diq), serni n
Zhuang: please add this translation if you can
Zulu: uphahla (zu) :

### Etymology 2

From Middle English rofen, roven (“to roof”), from the noun (see above).

#### Verb

roof (third-person singular simple present roofs, present participle roofing, simple past and past participle roofed)
* (transitive) To cover or furnish with a roof.
** 1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 11, page 264:A trench about ten feet deep was dug in the ground and roofed over with sticks and earth so as to form a dark tunnel.
* To traverse buildings by walking or climbing across their roofs.
* (transitive, slang) To put into prison, to bird.
** 1998 March 4, “Law and Disorder”, in Beverly Hills, 90210, season 08, episode 22:Did you see them, David? I mean, did you see them looking at me? I-I'm walking out of the court, and everybody was practically – yeah, they were gawking. […] I mean, Noah roofed me, I proved it, end of story.
** 2000 January 1, “Stupid”, in Mr. Metaphor (lyrics), The Will Tell Compilation Vol. 1: Thats Right Inc., performed by Word A' Mouth, Block McCloud, and Mr. Metaphor:I’m open, hype off the chronic I was smoking, feeling zooted That Brooklyn shit got me stupid I’m loose, kid – that’s what the overproof did What the ruck you looking at, son? You’ll get roofed, kid!
** 2012 November 15, “Brown Bag Wrap”, in Rare Chandeliers, performed by Action Bronson:Inhale the mystical, the blue shit See me on the stoop shit, act stupid at the park, the ball, get roofed Baby see the cops, the drugs, she boofed it Foie gras at every meal, that means I triple-goosed it
** 2018 May 5, “Attempted 1.0”, AM (lyrics), performed by Skengdo & AM of 410:You don’t want war, you’re shook of it Hella man dash when their friend got roofed
* (transitive) To shelter as if under a roof.
** 1865, Thomas Greenbury, Pleasant Rambles Over Moors, Mountains, Mines, and Waterfalls‎:They reached him: the pieces of rock had roofed him over—he was without injury or scratch.
** 1903, Henry James, The Ambassadors‎:It built him softly round, it roofed him warmly over, it rested, all so firm, on selection.

##### Derived terms

* roofer
* unroof

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* Foor

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roːf/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: roof
* Rhymes: -oːf

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch roof, from Old Dutch *rōf, *rouf, from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raubaz. More at robe.

#### Noun

roof m (plural roven, diminutive roofje n)
* robbery, robbing, banditry, rapine

##### Derived terms

* bankroof
* broodroof
* lijkroof
* roofdier
* roofridder
* rover

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: roof
* Negerhollands: roof

#### Verb

roof
* inflection of roven:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch rōve. Cognate with Old High German ruf (Luxembourgish Roff), Old Norse hrufa (English dandruff). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krewp-.

#### Noun

roof f (uncountable)
* scab (on a wound)
    Synonyms: korst, wondkorst

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: roof

## Middle English
### Noun

roof
* Alternative form of rof