# πλάσσω
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* πλάττω (pláttō) — Attic

### Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Hellenic *pláťťō, from earlier *plátʰyō, of uncertain origin. Beekes suspects the root to be Pre-Greek, due to its hypothetical quasi-Indo-European form *pldʰ-ye-ti featuring a combination of a plain stop *p and a voiced aspirate *dʰ, which is phonotactically disallowed in Indo-European. However, he does allow that the Greek term became conflated with Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”) during the language's development.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plás.sɔː/ → /ˈplas.so/ → /ˈpla.so/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /plás.sɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈplas.so/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈplas.so/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈplas.so/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈpla.so/

### Verb

πλάσσω • (plássō)
* to form, mould, shape, sculpt
** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 879
** 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 926
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 623b.32
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 359a.1
** 350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 654b.29
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 26
** 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 1130
** 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.313
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.47
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.108
** 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 70
** 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Evagoras 75
** 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander 535.5
** 362 BCE – 262 BCE, Philemon, Collected Works 89.1
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 746a
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 933b
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 510e
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 297e
** 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 50a
** to plaster
* (figuratively) to form, train a skill
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 536b.19
** 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 830
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 671c
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 377c
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 500d
** 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 88c
* to imagine
** 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Music 85K
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 712b
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 246c
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 420c
* to put in a certain form
** 108 CE, Arrian, Discourses of Epictetus 2.24.24
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Stephanus 1 68
** 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 414d
** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Demosthenes 7
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.58
* (figuratively) to fabricate, forge
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 1030
** 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Against Alcibiades 23
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1381b.28
** 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 64.9
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aphobus 2 9
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristogiton 1 28
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Callippus 12
** 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 187
** 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 121
** 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 231
** 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 215
** 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 19.1
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.80
** 4th century BC, Isaeus, Apollodorus 2
** 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panathenaicus 25
** 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Property of Aristophanes 60
** 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, Monostichoi 145
** 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 17c
** 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 26e
** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 5.42.7
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 148
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.6.26
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.6.37

#### Derived terms

* ἀμφῐπλάσσω (amphĭplássō)
* ἀνᾰπλάσσω (anăplássō)
* ἀποπλάσσομαι (apoplássomai)
* δῐᾰπλάσσω (dĭăplássō)
* ἐκπλάσσω (ekplássō)
* ἐμπλάσσω (emplássō)
* ἐπῐπλάσσω (epĭplássō)
* ἰπνοπλάθος (ipnopláthos)
* κᾰτᾰπλάσσω (kătăplássō)
* κοροπλάθος (koropláthos)
* λογοπλάθος (logopláthos)
* μετᾰπλάσσω (metăplássō)
* πᾰρᾰπλάσσω (părăplássō)
* περιπλάσσω (periplássō)
* πηλοπλάθος (pēlopláthos)
* προπλάσσω (proplássō)
* προσπλάσσω (prosplássō)
* σῠμπλάσσω (sŭmplássō)
* ὑποπλάσσω (hupoplássō)
* χυτροπλάθος (khutropláthos)

#### Related terms

* πλᾰθά (plăthá)
* πλάθᾰνον (pláthănon)
* πλάσῐς (plásĭs)
* πλάσμᾰ (plásmă)
* πλαστέον (plastéon)
* πλαστευτής (plasteutḗs)
* πλαστή (plastḗ)
* πλάστης (plástēs)
* πλαστῐκός (plastĭkós)
* πλαστός (plastós)
* πλαστουργέω (plastourgéō)
* πλαστουργία (plastourgía)
* πλάστρῐᾰ (plástrĭă)
* πλάστρον (plástron)

#### Descendants

* Greek: πλάθω (plátho, “to create, to form, to shape”)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πλάσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1203

### Further reading

* “πλάσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “πλάσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* πλάσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* “πλάσσω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G4111 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN