# 御

| 御 | U+5FA1, &#24481; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FA1 |
| ← 徠 [U+5FA0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 徢 → [U+5FA2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

御 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+8 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 彳+9 in mainland China and Japanese, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 竹人人一中 (HOOML), four-corner 2722$_0$, composition ⿰彳卸)

#### Derived characters

* 𭊷, 𣊗, 䥏, 蓹, 篽, 𬄧, 禦

#### Related characters

* 禦 (This character is simplified to 御 in mainland China)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 368, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10157
* Dae Jaweon: page 693, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 832, character 16
* Unihan data for U+5FA1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 卸 | *sŋjaːs |
| 汻 | *hŋaːŋʔ |
| 滸 | *hŋaːʔ |
| 午 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 仵 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 旿 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 忤 | *ŋaːs |
| 迕 | *ŋaːs |
| 杵 | *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ |
| 籞 | *ŋaʔ |
| 蘌 | *ŋaʔ |
| 篽 | *ŋaʔ |
| 禦 | *ŋaʔ, *ŋas |
| 許 | *hŋaʔ |
| 御 | *ŋas |
Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋas): phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ, “pestle”) + semantic 卩 (“kneeling person”) – utilize; govern. Bronze inscriptions added 彳 and 止 to emphasize action.

### Etymology 1

Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) compared 御 to Burmese မောင်း (maung:, “drive away, threaten”) and မောင်း (maung:, “driving”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngi
    (Hailu, HRS): ngi$^˖$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngê̤ṳ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gīr / gū / gī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghe$^6$ / ghe$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gniu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^6$
*** Yale: yuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngê̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋøy²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gy$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /ky²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gīr
*** Tâi-lô: gīr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɯ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gū
*** Tâi-lô: gū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡu³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gī
*** Tâi-lô: gī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡi³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ghe$^6$ / ghe$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gṳ̆ / gṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /ɡɯ³⁵/, /ɡɯ¹¹/
* ghe6 - "to ride";
* ghe7 - "imperial".
* Middle Chinese: ngjoH
Rime :
| Character | 御 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 牛倨切 |
| Baxter | ngjoH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋiɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋi̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[qʰ](r)aʔ/, /*[ŋ](r)a-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋas/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 御 | 御 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjo$^X$ › | ‹ ngjo$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-[qʰ](r)aʔ/ | /*[ŋ](r)a-s/ |
| English | ward off; withstand | drive a chariot (loan) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 御 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13181 |
| Phonetic component | 午 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 御 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋas/ |

#### Definitions

御
* (prefix) royal, imperial
    From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE, translation from The Journey to the West (2012), by Anthony C. Yu
    Zhǐjiàn nà nǚwáng zǒu jìnqián lái, yībǎ chězhù Sānzàng, qiàoyǔ jiāoshēng, jiàodào: “Yùdì gēgē, qǐng shàng lóngchē, hé wǒ tóng shàng jīnluán bǎodiàn, pǐpèi fūfù qùlái.” [Pinyin]
    The queen went forward and caught hold of Tripitaka. In a most seductive voice, she said, “Royal brother darling, please ascend the dragon chariot so that we may go to the Treasure Hall of Golden Chimes and become husband and wife.”
* to manage; to govern; to control
    From: Six Secret Teachings, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Wú shū qí qīn, wú dài qí zhòng, fǔ qí zuǒyòu, yù qí sìpáng. [Pinyin]
    Do not estrange your relatives. Do not neglect the masses. Be conciliatory and solicitous toward nearby states and control the four quarters.
* to drive a chariot or carriage; to ride (on an animal or a vehicle drawn by animals)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wǒ tú wǒ yù, wǒ shī wǒ lǚ. [Pinyin]
    We went along on foot; we rode in our chariots; our whole host, and our battalions.
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Wú hé zhí? Zhí yù hū? Zhí shè hū? Wú zhí yù yǐ. [Pinyin]
    "What shall I practice? Shall I practice charioteering, or shall I practice archery? I will practice charioteering."
* driver of a carriage
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Túyù chǎnchǎn. [Pinyin]
    His footmen and charioteers were numerous,
* Alternative form of 禦 (yù, “to defend against”)
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Lì yòng yù kòu, shùn xiàngbǎo yě. [Pinyin]
    'It might be advantageous in resisting plunderers:' - by acting as here indicated men would preserve one another.

#### Compounds

* 乘奔御風 / 乘奔御风
* 享御
* 侍御
* 僮御
* 告御狀 / 告御状 (gào yùzhuàng)
* 女御 (nǚyù)
* 媵御
* 嬪御 / 嫔御
* 御世 (yùshì)
* 御人
* 御仗 (yùzhàng)
* 御前 (yùqián)
* 御史 (yùshǐ)
* 御史大夫 (yùshǐ dàfū)
* 御史臺 / 御史台
* 御史雨
* 御夫座 (Yùfūzuò)
* 御宇 (yùyǔ)
* 御容
* 御寶 / 御宝 (yùbǎo)
* 御廚 / 御厨
* 御手 (yùshǒu)
* 御批 (yùpī)
* 御旨
* 御書 / 御书
* 御書房 / 御书房
* 御札 (yùzhá)
* 御林軍 / 御林军 (yùlínjūn)
* 御案
* 御極 / 御极 (yùjí)
* 御氣 / 御气
* 御河
* 御溝 / 御沟
* 御溝流葉 / 御沟流叶
* 御溝題葉 / 御沟题叶
* 御狀 / 御状 (yùzhuàng)
* 御用 (yùyòng)
* 御碑亭
* 御筆 / 御笔 (yùbǐ)
* 御者 (yùzhě)
* 御膳房 (yùshànfáng)
* 御花園 / 御花园 (yùhuāyuán)
* 御苑 (yùyuàn)
* 御製 / 御制 (yùzhì)
* 御覽 / 御览 (yùlǎn)
* 御賜 / 御赐 (yùcì)
* 御輪 / 御轮
* 御道 (yùdào)
* 御醫 / 御医 (yùyī)
* 御風 / 御风
* 御饌 / 御馔
* 御駕 / 御驾 (yùjià)
* 御駕親征 / 御驾亲征 (yùjiàqīnzhēng)
* 御龍 / 御龙
* 控御 (kòngyù)
* 日御 (rìyù)
* 晏御揚揚 / 晏御扬扬
* 月御
* 服御
* 盜御馬 / 盗御马
* 監察御史 / 监察御史
* 窺御激夫 / 窥御激夫
* 統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù)
* 繡衣御史 / 绣衣御史
* 耕御路
* 酌古御今
* 鐵面御史 / 铁面御史
* 長轡遠御 / 长辔远御
* 馮虛御風 / 冯虚御风
* 駕御 / 驾御 (jiàyù)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yà (ya$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yà
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yà
*** Wade–Giles: ya$^4$
*** Yale: yà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yah
*** Palladius: я (ja)
*** Sinological IPA : /jä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaa$^6$
*** Yale: ngah
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nga$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaː²²/

#### Definitions

御
* (literary, obsolete) to meet, greet and welcome (someone)
    alt. forms: 迓 (yà)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zhī zǐ yú guī, bǎi liǎng yà zhī. [Pinyin]
    This young lady is going to her future home; A hundred carriages are meeting her.

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 御 – see 禦 (“to defend”). (This character is the simplified form of 禦).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* an honorific prefix, indicates respect, your
* royal, imperial, godly
* control
* govern
* protect

#### Readings

* Go-on: ご (go, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ぎょ (gyo, Jōyō)
* Kun: おん (on, 御, Jōyō)、お (o, 御)、おおん (ōn, 御)、み (mi, 御)、おさめる (osameru, 御める)
As variant kanji of 禦:
* Go-on: ご (go, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ぎょ (gyo, Jōyō)
* Kun: ふせぐ (fusegu, 御ぐ)

#### Compounds

* 御(ぎょ)衣(い) (gyoi)
* 御(ぎょ)宇(う) (gyō)
* 御(ぎょ)者(しゃ) (gyosha)
* 御(ぎょ)物(ぶつ) (gyobutsu)
* 御(ぎょ)簾(れん) (gyoren)
* 御(ご)酒(しゅ) (goshu)
* 御(ご)前(ぜん) (gozen)
* 侍(じ)御(ぎょ) (jigyo)
* 制(せい)御(ぎょ) (seigyo)
* 統(とう)御(ぎょ) (tōgyo)
* 防(ぼう)御(ぎょ) (bōgyo)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 御
* お Grade: S
* kun'yomi
/oɴ/ → /o/
Shift from on- below.
Already apparent since the 14th century.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) お [ò] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [o̞]

#### Prefix

御(お) • (o-)
* indicates that the [word] is honorific; often used to indicate that the [word] belongs or is related to the listener (as opposed to the speaker)

##### Usage notes

Not to be confused with 大 (ō-, “great”), which is a less-commonly used prefix.
Almost exclusively written in hiragana, to disambiguate with the heteronyms below.
Prefixed to the native Japanese words, as in 御水 (o-mizu, “water”) (words read with kun'yomi). However, there are numerous exceptions such as お弁当 (o-bentō) and お電話 (o-denwa). In old use, prefixed short women's names regardless of the type of reading, for example お菊 (o-Kiku), おしん (o-Shin), お仙 (o-Sen), お妙 (o-Tae), etc. For 外来語 (gairaigo, “(non-Chinese) foreign loan words”), this prefix is seldom used, but somewhat preferred in the jargon of some kinds of industry, as in おビール (o-bīru, “beer”).
Usage varies between speakers, situations, and gender – more polite speech, especially by women, features more use of this prefix, while blunt speech, especially by men, uses it less or not at all (words where the prefix has become mandatory are replaced by blunter terms that do not have the prefix). In rare cases a prefixed term has become impolite, as in 御前 (omae, “you (familiar or derogatory)”).

##### Derived terms

* 御(お)家(いえ) (oie)
* 御(お)蔭(かげ), 御(お)陰(かげ) (okage)
* お侠(きゃん) (okyan)
* 御(お)御(ご) (ogo), 御(お)御(ごう) (ogō)
* 御籠(おこ)もり (okomori)
* お酒(さけ) (osake)
* 御(お)師(し) (oshi)
* 白粉(おしろい) (oshiroi)
* 御(お)節(せち) (osechi)
* 御(お)膳(ぜん)立(だ)て (ozendate)
* 御(お)達(たっ)し (otasshi)
* お玉(たま)杓(じゃく)子(し) (o-tamajakushi)
* 御(お)田(でん) (oden)
* お転(てん)婆(ば) (otenba)
* 御(お)伽(とぎ)話(ばなし), 御(お)伽(とぎ)噺(ばなし) (otogibanashi)
* お主(ぬし) (onushi)
* 御(お)披(ひ)露(ろ)目(め) (ohirome)
* お前(まえ) (omae)
* 御(お)虎(ま)子(る) (omaru)
* 御(お)襁(む)褓(つ) (omutsu)
* お御(み) (omi-)
* お休(やす)みなさい (oyasuminasai)
* お礼(れい), 御(お)礼(れい) (orei)
* 御(お)座(わ)す (owasu)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 御
* おん Grade: S
* kun'yomi
/oɸomʉ/ → /owomʉ/ → /oːɴ/ → /oɴ/
Early-Late Middle Japanese shift from ōn- below.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おん [óꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [õ̞ɴ]

#### Prefix

御(おん) • (on-)
* indicates that the [word] is honorific; often used to indicate that the [word] belongs or is related to the listener (as opposed to the speaker)

##### Derived terms

* 御(おん)一(いち)字(じ) (on-ichiji)
* 御(おん)校(こう) (onkō)
* 御(おん)師(し) (onshi)
* 御(おん)衣(ぞ) (onzo)
* 御(おん)族(ぞう) (onzō)
* 御(おん)曹(ぞう)司(し), 御(おん)曹(ぞう)子(し) (onzōshi)
* 御(おん)大(たい) (ontai)
* 御(おん)中(ちゅう) (onchū)
* 御(おん)柱(ばしら)祭(まつり) (Onbashira Matsuri)
* 御(おん)服(ぶく) (onbuku)
* 御(おん)祭(まつり) (Onmatsuri)
* 御(おん)身(み) (onmi)
* 御(おん)申(もう)し (onmōshi)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 御
* おおん Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 大御
* Kanji in this term
* 御
* おおむ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 大御
⟨opomi$_1$⟩ → */opomʲɨ/*/əpəmʲɨ/ → /oɸomʉ/ → /owoɴ/ → /oːɴ/
First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE), as man'yōgana form 於保无 (opomu- → ōmu-) within 於保无太加良 (opomutakara → ōmutakara, “people”, as a kun reading of 人民).
Shift from Old Japanese 大御 (⟨opomi$_1$⟩ → ōmi-, prefix of maximum honorific).
Both ōmu- and ōn- readings likely existed in free variation until the development of the ん (n) grapheme.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [õ̞ːɴ]
* IPA: [o̞ːmɯ̟]

#### Prefix

御(おおん) or 御(おおむ) • (ōn- or ōmu-)
* (obsolete) indicates that the [word] is honorific; often used to indicate that the [word] belongs or is related to the listener (as opposed to the speaker)

##### Derived terms

* 御(おおん)時(とき) (ōntoki)
* 御(おおん)身(み) (ōnmi)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 御
* み Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 美 深
⟨mi$_1$⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/
From Old Japanese.
Cognate with 霊, 神 (mi, “spirit, god”), as this prefix was originally used to refer to gods and other spiritually important things.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) み [mì] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mʲi]

#### Prefix

御(み) • (mi-)
* (honorific, archaic) added to gods and other spiritually important things
* (honorific, archaic) added to nouns to indicate godlike respect
* 美, 深: (honorific, archaic) added to placenames to emphasize beauty

##### Derived terms

* 御(み)明(あかし) (miakashi, “oil lamp lit for Shinto or Buddhist purposes”)
* 御(み)厳(いつ), 御稜威(みいつ) (mi-itsu)
* 御(み)食(け) (mike, “offering of food to a god or spirit”)
* 御(み)子(こ) (miko, “shrine maiden”)
* 御(み)輿(こし), 神(み)輿(こし) (mikoshi, “portable shrine”)
* 尊(みこと), 命(みこと) (mikoto, title used for gods and emperors, and other exalted personages)
* 御(み)坂(さか) (misaka)
* 御(み)簾(す) (misu)
* 御(み)族(ぞう) (mizō)
* 御(み)台(だい)盤(ばん)所(どころ) (mi-daibandokoro)
* 御(み)手(た)洗(らし) (mitarashi)
* 道(みち), 路(みち), 途(みち), 径(みち) (michi)
* 峰(みね) (mine)
* 御(み)仏(ほとけ) (mihotoke)
* 御(み)許(もと) (mimoto, location of a god, Buddha, emperor, or other object of reverence)
* 御(み)座(まし) (mimashi, presence of a god, Buddha, emperor, or other object of reverence)
* 宮(みや) (miya)
* 御(み)息(やす)所(どころ) (miyasudokoro)
* 御(み)吉(よし)野(の) (mi-Yoshino)
* お御(み) (omi-)

#### Usage notes

Primarily for the religious words, pertaining to gods or the emperor, as in 御輿 (mikoshi, “portable shrine”). However, in this context it is often replaced by 神 ("god", also pronounced mi-), and then a further 御 (​o-) may be added, as in 御神輿 (o-mikoshi). The mi- prefix also became merged into other kanji, as in 宮 (miya, “imperial palace”).

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 御
* ご Grade: S
* goon
From Middle Chinese 御 (MC ngjoH).
The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ご [góꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɡo̞]

#### Prefix

御(ご) • (go-)
* indicates that the [word] is honorific; often used to indicate that the [word] belongs or is related to the listener (as opposed to the speaker)

##### Usage notes

Prefixed to the Sino-Japanese words, as in 御主人 (goshujin, “husband”).
While in general this prefix is optional, in many cases it is so commonly used that the base word can no longer be used in isolation, as in 御飯 (gohan, “rice”) – the form ×飯 (*han) is not used alone, though it can be used as parts of compounds (such as 炊飯, suihan, “rice cooking”), and the character can be read in isolation as meshi.
It may also be used with modern foreign borrowings.
    本日(ほんじつ)はニコニコ動画(どうが)に御(ご)アクセス頂(いただ)き、ありがとうございます。
       Honjitsu wa Nikoniko Dōga ni go-akusesu-itadaki, arigatō gozaimasu.
       Thank you for accessing Niconico today.
ご (go-) also appears with a limited number of native words such as ごゆっくり (go-yukkuri) and ごもっとも (go-mottomo).

##### Derived terms

* 御(ご)主(しゅ)人(じん) (goshujin)
* 御(ご)所(しょ) (gosho)
* 御(ご)諚(じょう) (gojō)
* 御(ご)所(ぜ) (Goze)
* 御(ご)膳(ぜん) (gozen)
* 御(ご)殿(てん) (goten)
* 御(ご)飯(はん) (gohan)
* 御(ご)返(へん)事(じ) (gohenji)
* 御(ご)本(ほん)尊(ぞん) (go-honzon)
* 御(ご)用(よう) (goyō)
* 御(ご)覧(らん) (goran)

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 御
* ご Grade: S
* goon
Short form of 御前 (gozen, “noble person”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡo̞]

#### Suffix

御(ご) • (-go)
* (honorific) indicates that the [word] is familiar to the speaker and slightly honorific

##### Derived terms

* 御(お)御(ご) (ogo), 御(お)御(ごう) (ogō)
* 姉(あね)御(ご) (anego, “big sister, boss's wife”)
* 甥(おい)御(ご) (oigo, “your nephew”)
* 親(おや)御(ご) (oyago, “your parents”)
* 姪(めい)御(ご) (meigo, “your niece”)
* 女(にょう)御(ご) (nyōgo, “high-ranking court lady of the inner palace court”)

#### Noun

御(ご) • (go)
* (obsolete, archaic, honorific) a lady
    suffixed to the given name, via genitive particle の (no):
    伊(い)勢(せ)の御(ご) ― Ise no Go ― Lady Ise
* (obsolete, archaic, honorific) form of address to a woman or a court lady: my Lady
    used in the plural form 御達 (gotachi)

##### Derived terms

* 御(ご)達(たち) (gotachi)

### Etymology 7

* Kanji in this term
* 御
* ぎょ Grade: S
* kan'on
* Alternative spelling
* 馭
From Middle Chinese 御 (MC ngjoH).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎょ [gyóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɡʲo̞]

#### Noun

御(ぎょ) • (gyo)
* equestrianism, horseriding
* a coachman
* (by extension) serving nearby (to an aristocrat, etc.)

##### Derived terms

* 御(ぎょ)する (gyo suru)

#### Affix

御(ぎょ) • (gyo)
* control (a machine, etc.)
* govern, rule
* servant
* Alternative spelling of 禦 (gyo): defend, protect

### Etymology 8

* Kanji in this term
* 御
* ぎょ Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 御 (MC ngjoH).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎょ [gyò] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡʲo̞]

#### Prefix

御(ぎょ) • (gyo-)
* prefixed to make an honorific kanji compound, especially used to indicate that the [word] belongs or is related to the emperor and/or the equivalents

##### Derived terms

* 御(ぎょ)意(い) (gyoi)
* 御(ぎょ)慶(けい) (gyokei)
* 御(ぎょ)製(せい) (gyosei)

#### Suffix

御(ぎょ) • (-gyo)
* suffixed to make an honorific kanji compound which means the action belongs or is related to the emperor and/or the equivalents

##### Derived terms

* 還(かん)御(ぎょ) (kangyo)
* 渡(と)御(ぎょ) (togyo)
* 崩(ほう)御(ぎょ) (hōgyo)

### References

* ↑ “御”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

御 • (eo, a) (hangeul 어, 아, revised eo, a, McCune–Reischauer ŏ, a, Yale e, a)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology

Cognate with 霊, 神 (mi$_1$, “spirit, god”), as this prefix was originally used to refer to gods and other spiritually important things.

### Prefix

御 (mi$_1$-) (kana み)
* (honorific) added to gods and other spiritually important things
* (honorific) added to nouns to indicate godlike respect
* (honorific) added to placenames to emphasize beauty

#### Derived terms

* 御衣 (mi$_1$ke$_1$si)
* 御籠 (mi$_1$-ko$_1$)
* 尊, 命 (mi$_1$ko$_2$to$_2$)
* 御坂 (mi$_1$saka)
* 御統 (mi$_1$-sumaru)
* 御谷 (mi$_1$-tani)
* 道, 路 (mi$_1$ti)
* 御吉野 (mi$_1$-Ye$_{(2)}$sino$_1$)
* 宮 (mi$_1$ya)
* 御酒 (mi$_1$wa)
* 大御 (opomi$_1$-, maximum honorific prefix)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 御, 美, 深 (mi-)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

御: Hán Nôm readings: ngự, ngợ, ngừ, ngừa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.