# 已然
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐrán
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄖㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^5$ jin$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): í-liân / í-jiân / í-giân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐrán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄖㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐrán
*** Wade–Giles: i$^3$-jan$^2$
*** Yale: yǐ-rán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiiran
*** Palladius: ижань (ižanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^5$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: yíh yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^5$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^5$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː¹³ jiːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-liân
*** Tâi-lô: í-liân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ylieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-jiân
*** Tâi-lô: í-jiân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: yjieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ziɛn²³/
** (Hokkien: Taichung, Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-giân
*** Tâi-lô: í-giân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: y'gieen
*** IPA (Longyan): /i²¹⁻²¹³ ɡiɛn¹¹/

### Adverb

已然
* (literary) already

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 已, 業, 業已, 既 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 已經, 已, 業經, 業已, 已然 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 已經, 已竟, 已就 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 已經 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 已經 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 已經 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 已經 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 可價 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 已經 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 已經 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 已經 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 已經 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 已經 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 已經, 經已 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 已經, 經已 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 經已 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 應 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 已經 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 已經 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 既經 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 既經 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 既經, 已經 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 既經 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 既經 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 既經 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 已經 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 已經 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 已經 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 已經 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 已經 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 已經 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 已經 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 已經 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 已經 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 現是, 已經 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 已經, 既已經 |

### Verb

已然
* to be already so

### References

* 郭启熹 [Guo, Qixi], editor (2016), “已然”, in 龙岩方言词典 LONGYAN FANGYAN CIDIAN [Dictionary of Longyan dialect] (overall work in Min Nan and Mandarin), Xiamen: 鷺江出版社 [Lujiang Publishing House], →ISBN, page 59.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 已 | 然 |
| い Jinmeiyō | ぜん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いぜん [ìzéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [izẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

已(い)然(ぜん) • (izen)
* (chiefly grammar) already being so (see 已然形)

#### Derived terms

* 已然形(いぜんけい) (izenkei)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN