# sur
## Asturian
### Etymology

From French sud

### Noun

sur m (uncountable)
* south

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̺ur/, [s̺ur]

### Noun

sur inan
* (Biscayan) Alternative form of sudur

### Further reading

* “sudur”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “sur”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Cornish
### Etymology

From French sûr.

### Pronunciation

* (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA: /ˈsyːr/
* (Revived Late Cornish) IPA: /ˈsiːr/, /ˈziːr/

### Adjective

sur
* certain, sure

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sur/, [suɐ̯ˀ]
* Rhymes: -ur

### Etymology 1

Verbal noun to surre (“to whirr”) (imitative).

#### Noun

sur n (singular definite surret, plural indefinite sur)
* whirr (a sibilant buzz or vibration from insect wings)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Old Norse súrr (“sour”), from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros.

#### Adjective

sur
* sour (having an acid, sharp or tangy taste)
* (chemistry) acidic
* (of dairy products) spoiled
* (of a person or communication) surly, cross, annoyed, sulky, sore
* (of work or situation) unpleasant

##### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From French sur. Doublet of super.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sur/
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

sur
* on, upon
    La kato dormis sur la lito.The cat was sleeping on the bed.
* onto [with accusative]

#### Derived terms

* surhavi
* surmeti

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /syʁ/
* Audio (France):(file)
* Homophones: sûr, sûre, surent, sûres, sûrs
* Rhymes: -yʁ

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French sur, from Old French sur, seur, sor, soure, souvre, sovre (“on, upon, over”), from Latin super (“over, on, above”). Doublet of super, a borrowing. Cognate with Old English ofer (“over, above”). More at over.

#### Preposition

sur
* on, upon
* on top of
* from on top of
* above
* out of
    sept sur dix ― seven out of ten
* in the case of
* about, concerning
* (informal, France) in (a place)
    Synonyms: à, en, dans
    sur Paris ― in Paris

##### Synonyms

* (above): au-dessus de
* sur ce

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “on”): sous
* (antonym(s) of “on top of”): dessous
* (antonym(s) of “above”): au-dessous de

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle French sur, from Old French sur (“sour, bitter”), from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”), from Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour”). More at English sour.

#### Adjective

sur (feminine sure, masculine plural surs, feminine plural sures)
* sour

### See also

* sûr (adjective, "sure")
* sur-

### Further reading

* “sur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* S

### Etymology

Borrowed from French sud, from Old English suþ, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą.

### Noun

sur m (plural sures)
* (uncountable) south (cardinal direction)
* (uncountable) the southern portion of a territory or region
* (countable) a southern; a wind blowing from the south

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “south”): norte, setentrión
* (antonym(s) of “southern portion”): norte

#### Coordinate terms

* leste
* norte
* occidente

#### Derived terms

* América do Sur
* Cruz do Sur
* polo Sur
* surleste
* suroeste

### Further reading

* “sur”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from French sur, Italian su.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsur/

### Preposition

sur
* on

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin super (“above”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsur/
* Rhymes: -ur
* Hyphenation: sùr

### Preposition

sur
* (archaic) Alternative form of su used before words beginning with u (especially indefinite articles)
    sur un tavolo ― on a table

### Further reading

* sur in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Javanese
### Romanization

sur
* Romanization of ꦱꦸꦂ

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suːr/

### Etymology 1

From Arabic سُور (sūr).

#### Noun

sur m (plural swar)
* wall, rampart
** 1949, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Bejta fis-Sur”, in Mill-Gallerija ta’ Żgħożiti:U tela’ għas-sur, wisq imgħaddab, u kaxkar kull xitla, kull żrara, u l-bejta dlonk ħataf, ġarr miegħu bl-għasafar, jaħasra xi ħsara!(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* bastion
* rock

### Etymology 2

Contraction of sinjur, from Sicilian signuri.

#### Noun

sur m (usually uncountable)
* mister, sir
    is-Sur Buttiġieġ ― Mr Buttigieg

## Middle English
### Adjective

sur
* Alternative form of sure

## Middle High German
### Etymology

From Old High German sūr, from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHrós.

### Adjective

sūr
* sour

#### Descendants

* Central Franconian: suur, souer (Moselle Franconian)
* German: sauer
* Luxembourgish: sauer
* Vilamovian: zaojwer
* Yiddish: זויער (zoyer)
* → Polish: żur

### References

* “sur” in Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch, Matthias von Lexer, 3 vols., Leipzig 1872–1878.
* Köbler, Gerhard, Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros. Cognate with Danish sur, Icelandic súr, Dutch zuur, English sour and German sauer.

### Adjective

sur (neuter singular surt, definite singular and plural sure, comparative surere, indefinite superlative surest, definite superlative sureste)
* sour (e.g. the characteristic taste of a lemon)
* In a bad temper, sulky
* acidic
    sur nedbør ― acid rain
* cold, unpleasant (often about weather)
    Det er surt ute.The weather is unpleasant outside
    Han prøver å gjøre livet surt for meg.He's trying to make life difficult for me.

#### Synonyms

* (taste): skarp, snerpende
* (bad temper): gretten, sint

#### Antonyms

* søt
* blid, glad

#### Derived terms

* surdeig

#### Related terms

* syrlig

### References

* “sur” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros. Cognate with Danish sur, Icelandic súr, Dutch zuur, English sour and German sauer.

### Adjective

sur (neuter singular surt, definite singular and plural sure, comparative surare, indefinite superlative surast, definite superlative suraste)
* sour
* acidic
    sur nedbør ― acid rain
* bad-tempered, annoyed, in a foul mood
    Synonym: gretten
* used about old socks which are smelling bad

#### Derived terms

* surdeig

### References

* “sur” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sūr. Cognate with Old Saxon sūr, Old High German sūr, Old Norse súrr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suːr/

### Adjective

sūr
* sour

#### Derived terms

* sūrnes

#### Descendants

* Middle English: sur, sour
** English: sour
** Scots: sour, soor

## Old French
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”). 1160 CE.

#### Adjective

sur m (oblique and nominative feminine singular sure)
* sour, bitter

##### Descendants

* Middle French: sur, sour
** French: sur
* Walloon: sèr (Forrières)

### Etymology 2
#### Preposition

sur
* Alternative form of seur

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-West Germanic *sūr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHrós.

### Adjective

sūr
* sour

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: sūr
** Central Franconian: suur, souer (Moselle Franconian)
** German: sauer
** Luxembourgish: sauer
** Vilamovian: zaojwer
** Yiddish: זויער (zoyer)
** → Polish: żur

## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz.

### Adjective

sūr
* sour

#### Descendants

* Swedish: sur

## Prasuni
### Alternative forms

* suru (Pronz)

### Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani *sara, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáras, from Proto-Indo-European *sélos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suɾ/

### Noun

sur (Pashki)
* lake
* pond

### References

* ↑ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “sur”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

## Rohingya
### Alternative forms

* 𐴏𐴟𐴌 (sur) — Hanifi Rohingya script

### Etymology

From Sanskrit चोर (cora).

### Noun

sur (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴟𐴌)
* thief

#### Related terms

* suri / 𐴏𐴟𐴌𐴞 (suri)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Most likely from a Slavic language. Compare Bulgarian сур (sur), Serbo-Croatian sur. A less likely etymology connects it to Latin syrus, or links it with Italian soro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sur/

### Adjective

sur m or n (feminine singular sură, masculine plural suri, feminine and neuter plural sure)
* grey
    Synonyms: gri, brumăriu

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Compare surov.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sûːr/

### Adjective

sȗr (Cyrillic spelling су̑р, definite sȗrī)
* (expressive, literary) ash-gray
* (expressive, literary, figurative) gray, gloomy (of weather)
* (expressive, literary, figurative) glum, stern, scowling, sullen (of person's face or mood)

#### Declension
### References

* “sur”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French sud, from Old English suþ, from Proto-West Germanic *sunþr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsuɾ/ [ˈsuɾ]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -uɾ
* Syllabification: sur

### Noun

sur m (plural sures)
* south
    Antonym: norte

#### Coordinate terms

compass points: puntos cardinales:
| noroeste | norte | noreste |
| oeste | | este |
| suroeste | sur | sureste |

#### Derived terms

* belloto del sur
* polo sur
* Suramérica
* suramericano
* sureño

#### Related terms

* sud
* Sudamérica

#### See also

* austral
* meridional

### Further reading

* “sur”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sumerian
### Romanization

sur
* Romanization of 𒋩 (sur)

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish sūr, from Old Norse súrr, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz, from Proto-Indo-European *súHros.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sʉːr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʉːr

### Adjective

sur (comparative surare, superlative surast)
* sour (having the characteristic taste of for example a lemon or vinegar)
* sour (rancid)
    sur mjölksour milk
* acidic
    sur jordacidic soil
* angry, annoyed
    Jag blir så jäkla sur när han gör så därI get so damn angry when he does that
* bad, sour (of a feeling or the like)
    Det känns surt att vi förloradeIt feels bad that we lost
* wet, damp (of something that should be dry)
    sura strumporwet socks

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Derived terms

* det kommer surt efter
* dyngsur
* sur som ättika
* sura
* surkart
* surströmming
* surt sa räven

#### See also

* syrlig (“slightly sour”)

### References

* sur in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* sur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* sur in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* urs

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish sur, from French sud, from Middle French sud, from Old French su, sud (“south”), a Germanic borrowing, from Old English sūþ (“south”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈsuɾ/ [ˈsuɾ]
* Rhymes: -uɾ
* Syllabification: sur

### Noun

sur (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜇ᜔) (uncommon)
* south (compass point)
    Synonym: timog
** 1985, Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Mga tula at tilamsik ng diwa:At, sa angkan naman ng ating First Lady, si Kokoy, na siyang governor ng Leyte, Ay embahador pa sa lahat ng parte - Sa este't oeste, sa sur at sa norte!(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Coordinate terms

compass points:
| hilagang kanluran norweste | hilaga norte | hilagang silangan nordeste |
| oksidente kanluran oeste | | oryente silangan este |
| salatan timog-kanluran | sur timog | timog-silangan |

#### Related terms

* Sur

### Further reading

* “sur”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
* “sur”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سور, from Arabic سُور (sūr).

#### Noun

sur (definite accusative suru, plural surlar)
* city wall

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صور, from Arabic صُور (ṣūr).

#### Noun

sur (definite accusative suru, plural surlar)
* horn

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1088
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sur1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1190
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sur2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Old English sūr (“sour”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /sɨːr/
* (South Wales) IPA: /siːr/
* Rhymes: -ɨːr
* Homophone: sir (South Wales)

### Adjective

sur (feminine singular sur, plural surion, equative sured, comparative surach, superlative suraf, not mutable)
* sour, acidic
    Synonyms: egr, chwibl, asidaidd, asidig

#### Derived terms

* suraidd (“sourish, tart”)

### Noun

sur m (uncountable, not mutable)
* (obsolete) acid
    Synonym: asid

#### See also

Basic tastes in Welsh (layout · text) :
| melys | sur / egr | hallt | chwerw | sbeislyd | sawrus |

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sur”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies