# nostalgia
## English
### Alternative forms

* nostalgy (archaic)

### Etymology

From New Latin nostalgia, coined from Ancient Greek νόστος (nóstos, “returning home”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”), translating German Heimweh. Ancient Greek *νοσταλγία (*nostalgía) is unattested. Transferred sense probably influenced by French nostalgie, especially in literature.
Compare Italian nostalgia, Spanish nostalgia, Portuguese nostalgia and French nostalgie.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /nɒˈstæld͡ʒə/
* (General American) IPA: /nɑˈstæld͡ʒə/, /nəˈstæld͡ʒə/, /nɔˈstæld͡ʒə/; /nɑˈstɑld͡ʒə/, /nəˈstɑld͡ʒə/, /nɔˈstɑld͡ʒə/
* (General Australian) IPA: /nəˈstæɫd͡ʒə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

nostalgia (countable and uncountable, plural nostalgias)
* (now uncommon) A longing for home or familiar surroundings; homesickness. [from 18th c.]
** 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter L, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:I have an idea that some men are born out of their due place. Accident has cast them amid certain surroundings, but they have always a nostalgia for a home they know not.
* (transferred sense) A bittersweet yearning for the things of the past. [from 20th c.]
** 2013 August 16, Oliver Burkeman, “This is the cutest article”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 189, number 10, page 20:I can't have been the only person, last week, to feel a rush of nostalgia upon learning that Thames Water had removed a bus-sized, 15-tonne lump of food fat ("mixed with wet wipes") from the sewers under London. The fatberg was an August news story redolent of the old-fashioned silly season.
** 2020 September 9, Priya Elan, “Now-stalgia: why fashion is going back to the future”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:[…] Rousteing asked: “Is my generation’s nostalgia for our turn-of-the-century childhood culture somehow less cool than fashion’s more familiar fixation on the 70s and 80s?” The answer was a firm “no”: in 2020 all nostalgia is good nostalgia. “The nostalgia economy”, as named by Quartz, is the most powerful trend in fashion since florals or trousers and is a reaction to what’s happening in the world.
** 2022 November 15, Dan Hancox, “‘Who remembers proper binmen?’ The nostalgia memes that help explain Britain today”, in The Guardian‎:Though there is nothing generationally unique in the desire to bask in the banalities of your past, these nostalgia communities have flourished on Facebook as its user base has grown ever older in the past decade.
** 2024 May 21, Matthew Reisz, “Nostalgia: A History of a Dangerous Emotion by Agnes Arnold-Foster review – the past isn’t a foreign place”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:Yet it continued to be treated as rather suspect. In the mid-20th century, a psychoanalyst called Nandor Fodor dismissed nostalgia, along with utopian politics and even the vogue for Tarzan films, as “the manifestation of a latent desire to return to the womb”.

#### Antonyms

* nostopathy
* nostophobia

#### Derived terms

* blinded by nostalgia
* nostalgia goggles
* nostalgic
* nostalgically
* nostalgise
* nostalgism
* nostalgist
* nostalgize
* retro-nostalgia
* Yugo-nostalgia

#### Related terms

* nostalgie de la boue
* solastalgia
* technostalgia
* Eastalgia
* fauxstalgia

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* halcyon days
* hark back
* memory lane
* reminiscence
* anemoia

### References

* ↑ Johannes Hofer (1688) Dissertatio medica de nostalgia, oder Heimwehe (in Latin), Basel: Johann Jakob Harder, →DOI: “Neque verò denomine deliberanti convenientuis occurrit, remque explicandam præciſius deſignans, quam Noſtalgias vocabulum, origine græcum, & quidem duabus ex vocibus compoſitum, quorum alterum Νόστος Reditum in Patriam, alterum Ἄλγος dolorem aut triſtitiam ſignificat: […]”
* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “nostalgia”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* analogist, antigoals, galtonias

## Finnish
### Etymology

From New Latin nostalgia, coined from Ancient Greek νόστος (nóstos, “returning home”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnostɑlɡiɑ/, [ˈno̞s̠tɑ̝lˌɡiɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -iɑ
* Hyphenation: nos‧tal‧gia

### Noun

nostalgia
* nostalgia

#### Declension

Possessive forms of nostalgia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
nostalgiani
nostalgiani
accusative
nom.
nostalgiani
nostalgiani
gen.
nostalgiani
genitive
nostalgiani
nostalgioideni nostalgioitteni nostalgiaini $^{rare}$
partitive
nostalgiaani
nostalgioitani
inessive
nostalgiassani
nostalgioissani
elative
nostalgiastani
nostalgioistani
illative
nostalgiaani
nostalgioihini
adessive
nostalgiallani
nostalgioillani
ablative
nostalgialtani
nostalgioiltani
allative
nostalgialleni
nostalgioilleni
essive
nostalgianani
nostalgioinani
translative
nostalgiakseni
nostalgioikseni
abessive
nostalgiattani
nostalgioittani
instructive
comitative
—nostalgioineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
nostalgiasi
nostalgiasi
accusative
nom.
nostalgiasi
nostalgiasi
gen.
nostalgiasi
genitive
nostalgiasi
nostalgioidesi nostalgioittesi nostalgiaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
nostalgiaasi
nostalgioitasi
inessive
nostalgiassasi
nostalgioissasi
elative
nostalgiastasi
nostalgioistasi
illative
nostalgiaasi
nostalgioihisi
adessive
nostalgiallasi
nostalgioillasi
ablative
nostalgialtasi
nostalgioiltasi
allative
nostalgiallesi
nostalgioillesi
essive
nostalgianasi
nostalgioinasi
translative
nostalgiaksesi
nostalgioiksesi
abessive
nostalgiattasi
nostalgioittasi
instructive
comitative
—nostalgioinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
nostalgiamme
nostalgiamme
accusative
nom.
nostalgiamme
nostalgiamme
gen.
nostalgiamme
genitive
nostalgiamme
nostalgioidemme nostalgioittemme nostalgiaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
nostalgiaamme
nostalgioitamme
inessive
nostalgiassamme
nostalgioissamme
elative
nostalgiastamme
nostalgioistamme
illative
nostalgiaamme
nostalgioihimme
adessive
nostalgiallamme
nostalgioillamme
ablative
nostalgialtamme
nostalgioiltamme
allative
nostalgiallemme
nostalgioillemme
essive
nostalgianamme
nostalgioinamme
translative
nostalgiaksemme
nostalgioiksemme
abessive
nostalgiattamme
nostalgioittamme
instructive
comitative
—nostalgioinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
nostalgianne
nostalgianne
accusative
nom.
nostalgianne
nostalgianne
gen.
nostalgianne
genitive
nostalgianne
nostalgioidenne nostalgioittenne nostalgiainne $^{rare}$
partitive
nostalgiaanne
nostalgioitanne
inessive
nostalgiassanne
nostalgioissanne
elative
nostalgiastanne
nostalgioistanne
illative
nostalgiaanne
nostalgioihinne
adessive
nostalgiallanne
nostalgioillanne
ablative
nostalgialtanne
nostalgioiltanne
allative
nostalgiallenne
nostalgioillenne
essive
nostalgiananne
nostalgioinanne
translative
nostalgiaksenne
nostalgioiksenne
abessive
nostalgiattanne
nostalgioittanne
instructive
comitative
—nostalgioinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
nostalgiansa
nostalgiansa
accusative
nom.
nostalgiansa
nostalgiansa
gen.
nostalgiansa
genitive
nostalgiansa
nostalgioidensa nostalgioittensa nostalgiainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
nostalgiaansa
nostalgioitaan nostalgioitansa
inessive
nostalgiassaan nostalgiassansa
nostalgioissaan nostalgioissansa
elative
nostalgiastaan nostalgiastansa
nostalgioistaan nostalgioistansa
illative
nostalgiaansa
nostalgioihinsa
adessive
nostalgiallaan nostalgiallansa
nostalgioillaan nostalgioillansa
ablative
nostalgialtaan nostalgialtansa
nostalgioiltaan nostalgioiltansa
allative
nostalgialleen nostalgiallensa
nostalgioilleen nostalgioillensa
essive
nostalgianaan nostalgianansa
nostalgioinaan nostalgioinansa
translative
nostalgiakseen nostalgiaksensa
nostalgioikseen nostalgioiksensa
abessive
nostalgiattaan nostalgiattansa
nostalgioittaan nostalgioittansa
instructive
comitative
—nostalgioineen nostalgioinensa :

#### Related terms

* nostalgikko
* nostalginen
* nostalgisoida

### Further reading

* “nostalgia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English nostalgia.

### Noun

nostalgia (plural nostalgia-nostalgia)
* nostalgia

### Further reading

* “nostalgia” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from New Latin nostalgia, coined from Ancient Greek νόστος (nóstos, “returning home”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /no.stalˈd͡ʒi.a/
* Rhymes: -ia
* Hyphenation: no‧stal‧gì‧a

### Noun

nostalgia f (plural nostalgie)
* nostalgia, homesickness, longing

#### Related terms

* nostalgico

### Anagrams

* angolasti, losangati, stagliano

## Malay
### Etymology

From English nostalgia.

### Noun

nostalgia (Jawi spelling نوستلݢيا, plural nostalgia-nostalgia, informal 1st possessive nostalgiaku, 2nd possessive nostalgiamu, 3rd possessive nostalgianya)
* nostalgia

### Further reading

* “nostalgia” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French nostalgie, from New Latin nostalgia, from Ancient Greek νόστος (nóstos) + ἄλγος (álgos).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɔsˈtal.ɡja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -alɡja
* Syllabification: nos‧tal‧gia

### Noun

nostalgia f
* nostalgia (yearning for the past)

#### Derived terms

* nostalgiczny
* nostalgiczka
* nostalgik

#### Related terms

* nostalgicznie

### Further reading

* nostalgia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* nostalgia in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From New Latin nostalgia, coined from Ancient Greek νόστος (nóstos, “returning home”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”).
Cognate with Galician nostalxia.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /nos.tawˈʒi.ɐ/ [nos.taʊ̯ˈʒi.ɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /nos.tawˈʒi.ɐ/ [nos.taʊ̯ˈʒi.ɐ]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /noʃ.tawˈʒi.ɐ/ [noʃ.taʊ̯ˈʒi.ɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /nos.tawˈʒi.a/ [nos.taʊ̯ˈʒi.a]
* (Portugal) IPA: /nuʃ.talˈʒi.ɐ/ [nuʃ.taɫˈʒi.ɐ]
* Hyphenation: nos‧tal‧gi‧a

### Noun

nostalgia f (plural nostalgias)
* nostalgia (yearning for the past)

#### Related terms

* nostálgico

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from New Latin nostalgia, coined from Ancient Greek νόστος (nóstos, “returning home”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nosˈtalxja/ [nosˈt̪al.xja]
* Rhymes: -alxja
* Syllabification: nos‧tal‧gia

### Noun

nostalgia f (plural nostalgias)
* nostalgia
    Synonym: añoranza

#### Related terms

* nostálgico

### Further reading

* “nostalgia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10