# afligir
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin afflīgere, with normal change of conjugation to -ir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ə.fliˈʒi]
* IPA: (Valencia) [a.fliˈd͡ʒiɾ]

### Verb

afligir (first-person singular present afligeixo, first-person singular preterite afligí, past participle afligit)
* to afflict

#### Related terms

* aflicció

### References

* “afligir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
* “afligir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* affligir (pre-standardization spelling)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin afflīgere.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.fliˈʒi(ʁ)/ [a.fliˈʒi(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.fliˈʒi(ʁ)/ [a.fliˈʒi(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /a.fliˈʒi(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /a.fliˈʒi(ʁ)/ [a.fliˈʒi(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.fliˈʒi(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.fliˈʒiɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.fliˈʒiɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.fliˈʒi.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: a‧fli‧gir

### Verb

afligir (first-person singular present aflijo, first-person singular preterite afligi, past participle afligido)
* to harm (cause damage)
    Synonyms: ferir, fazer mal, machucar
* (transitive) afflict (to cause pain to)
    Synonym: atribular
** 1938, Graciliano Ramos, “Festa [Celebration]”, in Vidas Seccas [Barren Lives], Rio de Janeiro: Livraria José Olympio Editora, page 113:Ergueu-se nas pontas dos pés, mas isto lhe arrancou um grunhido: os calcanhares esfolados começavam a affligil-o.He stood on the tips of his toes, but this made him groan: his skinned heels were starting to afflict him.

#### Related terms

* aflição
* aflitivo
* aflito

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin afflīgere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /afliˈxiɾ/ [a.fliˈxiɾ]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: a‧fli‧gir

### Verb

afligir (first-person singular present aflijo, first-person singular preterite afligí, past participle afligido)
* to afflict
    Synonym: atribular
** 1835, Carlos María de Bustamante, Mañanas de la Alameda de México‎:¿Qué te aflije, pues, Señor?.... diviértete, alegra, y disipa tus males....What afflicts you then, sir? Be happy, and dispel your ills.
** 1875, Wilkie Collins, translated by Cristina Graell, 1997, La ley y la dama‎:¡Maldita sea, coja el bastón! No le aflija. Azóteme en la espalda. ¡Golpéeme!Damn it, take the stick! Don't let it afflict you. Whip me in the back. Hit me!

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* afligente
* afligimiento

#### Related terms

* aflicción
* aflictivo
* afligirse

#### References

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “afligir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 65

### Further reading

* “afligir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10