# 比例
## Chinese
### Etymology

Original sense attestable in Classical Chinese. The mathematics sense is believed to have been coined by Matteo Ricci.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǐlì
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bei$^2$ lai$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pí-li
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pí-lē / pí-lī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bi$^2$ li$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǐlì
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǐlì
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^3$-li$^4$
*** Yale: bǐ-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biilih
*** Palladius: били (bili)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$比例 筆力 / 笔力
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bei$^2$ lai$^6$
*** Yale: béi laih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bei$^2$ lai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: béi$^2$ lei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pei̯³⁵ lɐi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pí-li
*** Hakka Romanization System: bi$^ˋ$ li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bi$^3$ li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pi³¹ li⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí-lē
*** Tâi-lô: pí-lē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pyle
*** IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ le⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ le³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí-lī
*** Tâi-lô: pí-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pyli
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bi$^2$ li$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pí lī
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵²⁻³⁵ li¹¹/

### Noun

比例
* (mathematics) ratio; proportion
    持股比例 ― chígǔ bǐlì ― equity ratio
    男女比例失衡 ― nánnǚ bǐlì shīhéng ― sex ratio imbalance
* proportion; percentage; share
* (cartography) scale

#### Synonyms

* (ratio): 對比／对比 (duìbǐ)
* (proportion): 比重 (bǐzhòng)

#### Derived terms

* 不成比例 (bùchéngbǐlì)
* 反比例 (fǎnbǐlì)
* 按分比例
* 正比例 (zhèngbǐlì)
* 比例代表制 (bǐlìdàibiǎozhì)
* 比例尺 (bǐlìchǐ)
* 比例稅 / 比例税 (bǐlìshuì)
* 配分比例

### References

* ↑ Huang Heqing (黃河清), 利玛窦对汉语的贡献, 2003

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 比 | 例 |
| ひ Grade: 5 | れい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひれー [hìréé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çiɾe̞ː]

### Noun

比(ひ)例(れい) • (hirei)
* proportion, ratio

#### Derived terms

* 比例区 (hireiku): proportionally represented constituency
* 比例式 (hireishiki): proportional expression
* 比例税 (hireizei): proportional tax
* 比例中項 (hirei chūkō): mean proportional
* 比例配分 (hirei haibun): proportional distribution
* 比例代表制 (hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation
* 名簿式比例代表制 (meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation system in which votes are cast for a publicly available list of party members
* 拘束名簿式比例代表制 (kōsoku meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation electoral system
* 非拘束名簿式比例代表制 (hi-kōsoku meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation system in which both party and individual votes are cast
* 小選挙区比例代表並立制 (shō-senkyoku hirei daihyō heiritsu sei): electoral system composed of single-seat and multiple-seat constituencies
* 逆比例 (gyakuhirei): inverse proportion to
* 正比例 (seihirei): direct proportion
* 単比例 (tanpirei): simple proportion
* 定比例 (teihirei): fixed proportion
* 反比例 (hanpirei): inverse proportion
* 複比例 (fukuhirei): compound proportion
* 定比例の法則 (teihirei no hōsoku): law of definite proportions
* 倍数比例の法則 (baisū hirei no hōsoku): law of multiple proportions

### Verb

比(ひ)例(れい)する • (hirei suru) suru (stem 比(ひ)例(れい)し (hirei shi), past 比(ひ)例(れい)した (hirei shita))
* be proportional, be in proportion

#### Usage notes

Often this verb is used in the past tense, 比例した, to mean "commensurate" or "proportionate", or in the -te form 比例して to mean "in proportion." As such it expresses concepts with a verb that are usually expressed with other parts of speech in English.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 比例し | ひれいし | hirei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 比例し | ひれいし | hirei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 比例する | ひれいする | hirei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 比例する | ひれいする | hirei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 比例すれ | ひれいすれ | hirei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 比例せよ¹ 比例しろ² | ひれいせよ¹ ひれいしろ² | hirei seyo¹ hirei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 比例される | ひれいされる | hirei sareru |
| Causative | 比例させる 比例さす | ひれいさせる ひれいさす | hirei saseru hirei sasu |
| Potential | 比例できる | ひれいできる | hirei dekiru |
| Volitional | 比例しよう | ひれいしよう | hirei shiyō |
| Negative | 比例しない | ひれいしない | hirei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 比例せず | ひれいせず | hirei sezu |
| Formal | 比例します | ひれいします | hirei shimasu |
| Perfective | 比例した | ひれいした | hirei shita |
| Conjunctive | 比例して | ひれいして | hirei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 比例すれば | ひれいすれば | hirei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 比 | 例 |

### Noun

比例 • (birye) (hangeul 비례)
* hanja form of 비례 (“proportion; proportionality”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 比 | 例 |

### Noun

比例
* chữ Hán form of tỉ lệ (“proportion; ratio”).