# proprium
## English
### Etymology

From Latin.

### Noun

proprium (plural propria)
* (philosophy) A property that applies to all members of a species and only to them, serving to distinguish the species from other species within the same genus, yet is not part of the true definition or the essence of the species.
** Abraham Stone, Humanities 116: Philosophical Perspectives on the Humanities, people.ucsc.edu:
    (So you can use a proprium to pick out a species—for example, you could say: “a human is a risible mortal animal”—but, in that case, you aren’t picking out the species by its true definition.)
* (theology) selfhood
** 1758, Emanuel Swedenborg, The New Jerusalem and Its Heavenly Doctrine:Man of himself, so far as he is under the influence of his proprium, is worse than the brutes. If man should be led by his own proprium, he could not possibly be saved.

#### See also

* nomen proprium

### Further reading

* “proprium”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “proprium”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “proprium”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

## Czech
### Etymology

Compare German Nomen proprium (from Latin nomen proprium), Danish proprium and Slovak proprium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈproprɪjum]

### Noun

proprium n
* proper noun
    Synonym: vlastní jméno
    Antonym: apelativum

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “proprium”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “proprium”, in Akademický slovník cizích slov at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz [Academic dictionary of foreign words] (in Czech), 1995

## Danish
### Etymology

From Latin (nōmen) proprium, neuter of proprius (“own, individual”).

### Noun

proprium n (singular definite propriet, plural indefinite proprier)
* (grammar) proper noun (the name of a particular person, place, organization or other individual entity)

#### Synonyms

* egennavn

## Latin
### Adjective

proprium
* inflection of proprius:
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
** accusative masculine singular

### References

* "proprium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

proprium n (definite singular propriet, indefinite plural proprier, definite plural propria or propriene)
* (grammar) proper noun
* (Christianity) part of mass which is particular to the date or situation
    Coordinate term: ordinarium

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

proprium n (definite singular propriet, indefinite plural proprium, definite plural propria)
* (grammar) proper noun
* (Christianity) part of mass which is particular to the date or situation
    Coordinate term: ordinarium

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin prōprium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈprɔ.prjum/
* Rhymes: -ɔprjum
* Syllabification: pro‧prium

### Noun

proprium n
* (Roman Catholicism) proper (part of the Christian liturgy that varies according to the date, either representing an observance within the liturgical year, or of a particular saint or significant event)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* proprium in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Slovak
### Etymology

From Latin (nōmen) proprium, neuter of proprius (“own, individual”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈprɔpri̯um]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

proprium n (relational adjective propriálny)
* (grammar) proper noun

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “proprium”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025