# подушка
## Russian
### Etymology

* Inherited from Old East Slavic подушька (podušĭka), from Proto-Slavic *podušьka. Cognate with Ukrainian по́душка (póduška), Czech poduška, Slovak poduška, Polish poduszka. Derived from Proto-Slavic *poduxa (whence Ukrainian по́духа (póduxa), Old Czech poducha); also compare Proto-Slavic *duxъna (“feather-bedspread”). Ultimately derivable from Proto-Slavic *duxъ (“breath, spirit”), through the sense development "breath" → "inflated" → "pillow".
* Alternative etymology Russian под- (pod-) + у́хо (úxo) + -ька (-ʹka) had been: mentioned by Vasmer, rejected by Shansky, Krylov, Semjonov as folk etymology, given by Tsyganenko as possible (and compared typologically with Russian изголо́вье (izgolóvʹje) and synonymous възглавьница (vŭzglavĭnica) (**возглавница, Bulgarian възгла́вница (vǎzglávnica))), preferred by Shaposhnikov.
    Compare synonymous (typologically ear and cheek related):
       ear: Dutch oorkussen (oor + kussen), French oreiller (oreille + -er < Latin auriculāris < auricula < auris), Welsh clustog (< clust);
       cheek: German Wangenkissen (analyzable as Wange + Kissen) < Old High German wangkussīn (whence Slovak vankúš, Hungarian vánkos), Greek μαξιλάρι (maxilári) (<Latin māxillāris), Arabic مِخَدَّة (miḵadda) (< خَدّ (ḵadd, “cheek”)) (whence Spanish almohada).
    Also compare typologically:
       Native: подголо́вник (podgolóvnik) (< голова́ (golová)), подло́котник (podlókotnik) (< ло́коть (lókotʹ));
       Synonymous, head related: Polish zagłówek (< głowa), Slovene vzglavnik (< glava), Danish hovedpude (< hoved), Dutch hoofdkussen (< hoofd), German Kopfkissen (< Kopf), Ancient Greek προσκεφάλαιον (proskephálaion) (< κεφᾰλή (kephălḗ)), Italian testiera (< testa), French têtière (< tête < Latin testa), Irish ceannadhairt (< ceann), Welsh gobennydd (go- + pen + -ydd);
       Synonymous, another body part related: Latin cervīcal (< cervīx), Latin coxīnus (< coxa) (whence English cushion, and many other descendants), Latin cubital (< cubitum).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɐˈduʂkə]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

поду́шка • (podúška) f inan (genitive поду́шки, nominative plural поду́шки, genitive plural поду́шек, relational adjective поду́шечный or поду́шковый, diminutive поду́шечка)
* pillow, cushion
** 1926, Владимир Набоков, chapter IV, in Машенька; English translation from Michael Glenny in collaboration with the author, transl., Mary, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970:Во вторник, поздно проснувшись, он почувствовал некоторую ломоту в ногах и облокотившись на подушку, раза два с тревожным, изумлённым блаженством вздохнул, вспомнив, что вчера случилось.Vo vtornik, pozdno prosnuvšisʹ, on počuvstvoval nekotoruju lomotu v nogax i oblokotivšisʹ na podušku, raza dva s trevožnym, izumljónnym blaženstvom vzdoxnul, vspomniv, što včera slučilosʹ.Waking late on Tuesday morning, he felt some ache in his calves and, leaning his elbow on his pillow, he sighed once or twice, startled and amazed with the delight of it as he remembered what had happened that night.

#### Related terms

* подушечный (podušečnyj)
* поду́шка-перду́шка (podúška-perdúška)

#### Descendants

* → Ingrian: poduška
* → Kildin Sami: по̄дэшк (pōdešk)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “подушка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “подушка”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
* Krylov, G. A. (2004) “подушка”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Victory, →ISBN
* Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989) “подушка”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 312
* Semjonov, A. V. (2003) “подушка”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (Русский язык от А до Я) (in Russian), Moscow: Junves, →ISBN
* Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “подушка”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2: (Начать – Я), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 154

### Further reading

* Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882) “подушка”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
* подушка in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podušьka.

### Noun

подушка f (Latin spelling poduška)
* (archaic) pillow

#### Synonyms

* (Croatian) бла̀зина / бла̀зиња
* ја̀стук
* пе̏рина / пе́рница
* по̀дгла̄вље
* (Ragusan) ту̀ндјела
* у̀зглавак / у̀згла̄вље / ùzglāvnica
* (Croatian) ва̏нкӯш / ва̏њкӯш

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic подушька (podušĭka), from Proto-Slavic *podušьka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [poˈduʃkɐ]
* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [ˈpɔdʊʃkɐ]

### Noun

поду́шка or по́душка • (podúška or póduška) f inan (genitive поду́шки or по́душки, nominative plural подушки́, genitive plural подушо́к)
* pillow, cushion

#### Declension
### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “подушка”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “подушка”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “подушка”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)