OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 交雑
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 交 | 雑 |
| こう Grade: 2 | ざつ Grade: 5 |
| kan'on | kan'yōon |
* Alternative spelling
* 交雜 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーざつ [kòózátsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːza̠t͡sɨ]

### Noun

交(こう)雑(ざつ) • (kōzatsu)
* hybridization
    Synonym: 雑交 (zakkō)

### Verb

交(こう)雑(ざつ)する • (kōzatsu suru) suru (stem 交(こう)雑(ざつ)し (kōzatsu shi), past 交(こう)雑(ざつ)した (kōzatsu shita))
* to hybridize
    Synonym: 雑交 (zakkō)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 交雑し | こうざつし | kōzatsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 交雑し | こうざつし | kōzatsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 交雑する | こうざつする | kōzatsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 交雑する | こうざつする | kōzatsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 交雑すれ | こうざつすれ | kōzatsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 交雑せよ¹ 交雑しろ² | こうざつせよ¹ こうざつしろ² | kōzatsu seyo¹ kōzatsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 交雑される | こうざつされる | kōzatsu sareru |
| Causative | 交雑させる 交雑さす | こうざつさせる こうざつさす | kōzatsu saseru kōzatsu sasu |
| Potential | 交雑できる | こうざつできる | kōzatsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 交雑しよう | こうざつしよう | kōzatsu shiyō |
| Negative | 交雑しない | こうざつしない | kōzatsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 交雑せず | こうざつせず | kōzatsu sezu |
| Formal | 交雑します | こうざつします | kōzatsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 交雑した | こうざつした | kōzatsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 交雑して | こうざつして | kōzatsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 交雑すれば | こうざつすれば | kōzatsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# cingona
## Albanian
### Noun

cingona
* inflection of cingonë:
** definite nominative singular
** indefinite nominative/accusative plural
# auf den Schlips treten
## German
### Etymology

Literally, “to step on the tip”.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

auf den Schlips treten (class 5 strong, third-person singular present tritt auf den Schlips, past tense trat auf den Schlips, past participle auf den Schlips getreten, past subjunctive träte auf den Schlips, auxiliary sein)
* (colloquial, idiomatic) to offend, to insult, to step on the toes of
    Pass auf, dass du ihm nicht auf den Schlips trittst. ― Be careful not to step on his toes.
    Das tut mir leid, ich wollte niemandem auf den Schlips treten. ― I'm sorry about that, I didn't mean to step on anyone's toes.
** 2022 November 29, Stella Kennedy, “Buddenbrook-Museum in Lübeck: Lübecker Gewölbeschaden”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz‎, →ISSN:Sein Buch, für das der Autor anfangs in Lübeck verachtet und geschmäht wird – die stolzen Lübecker fühlen sich auf den hanseatisch-kaufmännischen Schlips getreten –, ist mittlerweile für die Stadt eine Goldgrube.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

### References

* "auf den Schlips treten" in Redensarten-Index
* “auf den Schlips treten” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# tudung
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Malay tudung.

### Noun

tudung (plural tudungs)
* (Malaysia, Singapore) headscarf, especially a form of the hijab worn among Muslim women

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay tudung (“veil; hijab; cover”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduŋ (“head cover, protection from sun or rain”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtu.dʊŋ/
* Rhymes: -dʊŋ
* Hyphenation: tu‧dung

### Noun

tudung (plural tudung-tudung)
* cap, cover, shade.
* veil; hijab

#### Derived terms

* bertudung
* ditudung
* ditudungi
* menudung
* menudungi
* menudungkan
* penudung
* penudungan
* tertudung

### Further reading

* “tudung” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduŋ (“head cover, protection from sun or rain”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuduŋ/
* Rhymes: -uduŋ, -duŋ, -uŋ
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [tudʊŋ, -oŋ, -o̞ŋ]

### Noun

tudung (Jawi spelling تودوڠ, plural tudung-tudung, informal 1st possessive tudungku, 2nd possessive tudungmu, 3rd possessive tudungnya)
* veil; hijab
    Synonym: hijab
    Lawanya tudung itu!That hijab is so beautiful!
* any object used to close or cover something (e.g. a container, a bottle, food)
    Synonym: penutup
    Tudung botolBottle lid

### Verb

tudung (Jawi spelling تودوڠ)
* to close or cover something (e.g. a container, a bottle, food)
    Synonym: tutup
    Tudung kuih itu sekarang!Cover that kuih right now!

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: tudung
* → English: tudung

### Further reading

* “tudung” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
* Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
# headscarf
## English
### Alternative forms

* head scarf, head-scarf

### Etymology

From head +‎ scarf.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

headscarf (plural headscarves or headscarfs)
* A more or less square piece of material worn over the head, typically by women, often to protect the hair, or for religious reasons.
    Synonyms: headsquare, tudung
    As far as only the Quran itself is concerned, wearing a headscarf is neither required nor prohibited.
** 1998 October 29, Stephen Kinzer, “Safranbolu Journal; The Alarming Scarf and Other Turkish Worries”, in The New York Times‎:But as Ms. Eran adjusted her resplendent costume, two young women wearing traditional headscarfs walked across the plaza nearby.
** 2012, Hilal Elver, The Headscarf Controversy: Secularism and Freedom of Religion, page 52:The headscarf is a perfect tool to block the nonmoderns from participating in the class privileges that the modern state represents.
** 2015, Ashok Som, Christian Blanckaert, The Road To Luxury:By the early 1980s, Gucci was overlicensed, with its logo on every product imaginable from headscarves to key rings to lighters.

#### Derived terms

* headscarfless

#### Translations
### Further reading

* headscarf on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* hardfaces
# Prishtina
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Albanian Prishtina.

### Proper noun

Prishtina
* Alternative spelling of Pristina

## Albanian
### Etymology

Uncertain. Multiple theories exist:
* Hamp connected the word with an Indo-European derivative *pṛ-tu- (ford) + *stein (cognate to English stone) which in Proto-Albanian, spoken in the region before the reign of Roman Emperor Trajan (1st-2nd century CE) produced Pristina. Thus the name in the pre-Slavic migrations era would mean in the local Albanian variety "ford-stone"
* Ernst Eichler suggests a connection with the Emperor Primus Justinianus who is thought to have built the town of Pristina. He sees the term Pristina as a composition of his name.
* Possibly derived from dialectal Proto-Slavic *pryščina (“spring of water”), from *pryskati (“to splash, to spray”). Alternatively, possibly derived from Proto-Slavic *Prišьčь (“of Prishek”) (compare Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian Prišek, a surname, and Old Polish Parzyszek, a personal name) + derivational suffix *-ina. According to Aleksandar Loma, Snoj's etymology would presuppose a rare and relatively late word formation process. According to Loma, the name of the city could be derived from the Proto-Slavic dialectal word *pryščina, meaning "spring (of water)", which is also attested in the Moravian dialects of Czech; it is derived from the verb *pryskati, meaning "to splash" or "to spray" (prskati in modern Serbian).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɾiˈʃtina/

### Proper noun

Prishtina
* (definite) Pristina, Prishtina (the capital city of Kosovo; a district of Kosovo; a municipality of Kosovo)

#### See also

* Prishtinë (indefinite)

### References

* ↑ Mehmeti, Col ((Can we date this quote?)) “This Time In Linguistics History: Eric Hamp and Albanian Linguistics”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, Linguistic Society of America
* ↑ Curtis, Matthew (2012) Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence‎, Ohio State University, →ISBN, page 42
* ↑ Namenforschung : ein internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik. 1. Teilband‎, Berlin: De Gruyter; Ernst Eichler, 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 718
* 1 2 Loma, Aleksandar (2013) “Топонимија Бањске хрисовуље [Toponymy of the Banjska Chrysobull]”, in Onomatološki Prilozi, Belgrade: Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, →ISSN, page 181
# Whitsun Tide
## English
### Noun

Whitsun Tide (uncountable)
* Alternative form of Whitsuntide
# shkalis
## Albanian
### Etymology

A derivative of kalë.

### Verb

shkalis (aorist shkalita, participle shkalitur)
* Alternative form of shkalit

#### Related terms

* kalë
# overvallen
## Dutch
### Etymology 1

From over- +‎ vallen.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌoː.vərˈvɑ.lə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑlən

#### Verb

overvallen
* (transitive) to raid
    De piraten overvielen het naburige schip. ― The pirates raided the neighboring ship.
    Het leger is van plan het fort te overvallen. ― The army plans to raid the fort.
    Ze overvallen regelmatig handelskaravanen. ― They regularly raid trade caravans.
* (transitive) to rob, mug
    De dader heeft het slachtoffer rond elven overvallen. ― The perpetrator mugged the victim around eleven.
* (transitive) to take by surprise, surprise
    Het nieuws overviel haar volledig. ― The news completely took her by surprise.
    Hij overviel me met een onverwacht geschenk. ― He surprised me with an unexpected gift.
    De vraag overviel me, en ik wist niet wat te antwoorden. ― The question took me by surprise, and I didn't know what to answer.

##### Derived terms

* overval
* overvaller

##### Descendants

* Negerhollands: overval

#### Participle

overvallen
* past participle of overvallen

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈoː.vərˌvɑ.lə(n)/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

overvallen
* plural of overval
# かたりあい
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of かたりあい – see the following entry. :
| 【語り合い】 | [verb] stem or continuative form of 語り合う (katariau) [godan] |
(This term, かたりあい (katariai), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) :
# שאל
## Aramaic
### Etymology

From root ש-א-ל.

### Verb

שאל • (transliteration needed)
* to ask, to inquire
* to lend, to borrow

#### Related terms

* שאול

## Hebrew
### Etymology

Cognate with Arabic سَأَلَ (saʔala) and Ge'ez ሰአለ (säʾälä).

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /ʃaˈ(ʔ)al/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

שָׁאַל • (sha'ál) (pa'al construction, future יִשְׁאַל, passive participle שָׁאוּל, passive counterpart נִשְׁאַל)
* to ask (a question), to query
* to borrow (an item)

#### Usage notes

* (ask): Unlike English ask, Hebrew שָׁאַל is not usually used in the sense of “request”; for that, ביקש / בִּקֵּשׁ (bikésh, “ask for, request”) is used.
* (borrow): Unlike English borrow, Hebrew שָׁאַל is not used with loans that are not returned exactly, such as money (since one does not return the same money that one borrows, as in the same bills or coins or the like, but rather an equivalent amount of money); for that, הלווה / הִלְוָה (hilvá, “borrow (money, etc.)”) is used.

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Pronounced שָׁאַלְתֶּם and שָׁאַלְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. $^2$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

#### Derived terms

* שָׁאַל אֶת עַצְמוֹ (sha'ál et atsmó)
* שְׁאַל בְּנִי וַנַּעַן (sh'al b'ni vaná'an)
* מִשְׁאָלָה (mish'alá, “wish”)

#### Related terms

* שְׁאֵלָה
* הִשְׁאִיל

## Yiddish
### Noun

שאל • (shal) f, plural שאלן (shaln), diminutive שאליקל (shalikl)
* (nonstandard) Unpointed form of שאַל (shal).
# popelen
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch popelen (“to mutter”), an apparent frequentative formation in -elen to an unattested verb *popen. Assumed to be ultimately onomatopoeic.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: po‧pe‧len

### Verb

popelen
* (intransitive) to be eager and impatient; to itch to do something
* (intransitive, obsolete) to long, yearn

#### Derived terms

* gepopel

### References

* van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “popelen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
# Erdapfel
## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German ertapfel, erdapfel, ertöpfel, erdöpfel, ertaphel (“mandrake, cucumber, pumpkin, melon”), from Old High German erdapful, erdaphul (“pumpkin, squash, melon”), from Proto-West Germanic *erþapplu, equivalent to Erde (“earth”) +‎ Apfel (“apple”). Cognate with Dutch aardappel (“potato”), Low German Eerappel, Eerdappel (“potato”) and West Frisian ierappel (“potato”). Modern sense probably a calque of French pomme de terre (“potato”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeːɐ̯tˌʔa.p͡fl̩/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Erdapfel m (strong, genitive Erdapfels, plural Erdäpfel)
* (Austria, Southern Germany, South Tyrol, dialectal elsewhere) potato
    Synonyms: Kartoffel; see also Thesaurus:Kartoffel

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Erdapfel” in Duden online
* “Erdapfel” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Erdapfel” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Erdapfel” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
# Schall
## English
### Proper noun

Schall (plural Schalls)
* A surname.

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German schal, from Old High German scal, from Proto-West Germanic *skellan, from Proto-Germanic *skellaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”).
Cognate with Dutch schal and Swedish skall. Compare English low (“to moo”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃal/
* Rhymes: -al
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Schall m (strong, genitive Schalles or Schalls, plural (both rare) Schälle or Schalle)
* (physics) sound
    Synonyms: Ton, Geräusch, Klang, Laut
* (otherwise usually more restricted) a resonating sound, one that is either very loud or reverberant

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Hyponyms

* Dauerschall
* Donnerschall
* Glockenschall
* Hyperschall
* Infraschall
* Luftschall
* Posaunenschall
* Trompetenschall
* Überschall
* Ultraschall

#### Derived terms

* Schall und Rauch
* schalldicht
* Schalldichte
* schallen
* Schallgeschwindigkeit
* Überschallflugzeug

#### Related terms

* Schelle
* schellen

### Further reading

* “Schall” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Schall” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Schall” in Duden online

## Hunsrik
### Etymology

From Middle High German schal, from Old High German scal, from Proto-Germanic *skellan-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃal/
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: Schall

### Noun

Schall m (plural Schell or Schall)
* sound

#### Related terms

* schalle

### References

* ↑ “Schall” in Duden online
* ↑ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag

### Further reading

* Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “Schall”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 138

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German schal, from Old High German scal, from Proto-West Germanic *skellan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃɑl/
** Rhymes: -ɑl

### Noun

Schall m (uncountable)
* sound

### Further reading

* Schall in the Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

From Middle High German schal, from Old High German scal, from Proto-West Germanic *skellan. Compare German Schall.

### Noun

Schall m (plural Schalle)
* sound
* echo
# avoinna
## Finnish
### Etymology

Consonant-stem essive form of avoin (“open”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑʋoi̯nːɑ/, [ˈɑ̝ʋo̞i̯nːɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑʋoinːɑ
* Hyphenation: avoin‧na

### Adverb

avoinna
* open
    Liike on avoinna klo 9 - 17.The shop is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
    Onkohan Suomen NATO-ikkuna vielä avoinna?I wonder if Finland's window for joining NATO is still open.

#### Synonyms

* auki

#### Antonyms

* kiinni
* suljettu

### Further reading

* “avoinna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# nǀaaǁaba
## Nǀuu

Picture dictionary :
head
nǀaaǁaba
tsʼaxam
kyu
nǀukyu
kyu
gǃan
gǁâisi
nǂûi
ǂquu :

### Etymology

From nǀaa (“head”) +‎ ǁaba (“bone”)

### Noun

nǀaaǁaba
* skull

### References

* Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary.
# Turkicization
## English
### Etymology

Turkicize +‎ -ation

### Noun

Turkicization (uncountable)
* Synonym of Turkification
# basted
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbeɪstɪd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪstɪd

### Verb

basted
* simple past and past participle of baste

### Adjective

basted (not comparable)
* Having been cooked by basting.

#### Derived terms

* unbasted

### Anagrams

* abdest, badest

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From English busted, from bust (“to break”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: bas‧ted

### Adjective

basted
* having one's romantic advances rebuffed; spurned

### Verb

basted
* to rebuff someone's romantic advances
* to have one's romantic advances rejected

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from English busted. First attested in late 1960s.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈbasted/ [ˈbas.t̪ɛd̪̚]
* Rhymes: -asted
* Syllabification: bas‧ted

### Adjective

basted (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔) (slang)
* turned down in a romantic relationship; rejected by a romantic interest (especially in unrequited love)
    Synonyms: wasak ang puso, tinanggihan
** 1997, Roberto Ofanda Umil, Oda sa kaldero at iba pang tula, →ISBN:Minsan ay walang shorts / tulo pa ang sipon / Masarap isiping / sana laging bata / Masaklap isipin / kung pigil ang laya, / Nang ikaw'y lumaki / bihis ka nang bihis / At pasok nang pasok / pero laging basted(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2007, Tony Perez, Tatlong paglalakbay, →ISBN:Parang kagat ni Drakula. 'Pag kinagat ka, Drakula ka na rin. At least, ikaw, basted ka ke Sylvia. Me pag-asa ka pa. CYRIL. ...Pag-asa..? CHERRY. Puwede ka pang makatakas. Lumayo. Ma'ligtas... (Hahagikhik sa sarili.) CLARITA. (Kay NONA.) ...(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2014, Ronald Molmisa, Lovestruck: Sakit Edition, OMF Literature, →ISBN:Baka wala ka pa sa first base, basted ka na. Sabik ang maraming dalaga na magpaligaw dahil naaaffirm ang pagkababae nila. Humahaba ang hair. Tumataas ang self-esteem. Feeling Disney princess dahil may prince charming na nakapansin ...(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* flat broke (especially after gambling)
    Synonym: walang-walang pera

#### Derived terms

* bastedin
* binasted
* mabasted
* mambasted

#### See also

* sawi

### Further reading

* Zorc, R. David, San Miguel, Rachel (1993) Tagalog Slang Dictionary‎, Manila: De La Salle University Press, →ISBN
# aktif
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch aktief, from Old French actif, from Latin activus. Doublet of aktiva.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈaktif/ [ˈak̚.t̪ɪf]
* Rhymes: -aktif
* Syllabification: ak‧tif

### Adjective

aktif (superlative teraktif)
* active:
** constantly engaged in action
    Synonym: giat
    Mereka aktif di eskul mereka.They are active in their extracurricular.
** given to action
** constantly engaged in action
** energetic, diligent, busy
** requiring or implying action or exertion
** brisk; lively
** implying or producing rapid action.

#### Alternative forms

* aktip

#### Conjugation

$^1$ The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

#### Derived terms

* keaktifan (“activity, the quality of being active”)
* mengaktifkan (“to activate”)
* pengaktif (“activater”)
* pengaktifan (“activation”)
* seaktif (“as active as”)
* teraktif (“most active”)

### Further reading

* “aktif” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch aktief (“active”), from Old French actif, from Latin activus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak̚tɪf/
* Rhymes: -tɪf
* Hyphenation: ak‧tif

### Adjective

aktif
* active

### Further reading

* “aktif” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from English active, from Middle English actyf, from Old French actif, from Latin activus, from agere (“to do, to act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti.

### Pronunciation

* (English-based) IPA: [ɛk.tif]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* (Baku) IPA: [ak.tif]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Rhymes: -tif, -if
* Hyphenation: ak‧tif

### Adjective

aktif (Jawi spelling اکتيف)
* Active:
** Quick in physical movement.
    Synonyms: cergas, giat
** Given to action; constantly engaged in action; energetic, diligent.
    Synonyms: cergas, giat
** In action; actually proceeding; working; in force.
** (grammar, linguistics) Being in the passive voice.
    Antonym: pasif

#### Affixations

* aktifkan
* keaktifan
* pengaktifan

#### Compounds

* ayat aktif

### Further reading

* “aktif” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French actif, from Old French actif, from Latin āctīvus. Displaced earlier faal, which is now limited to fewer contexts.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑktif/

### Adjective

aktif
* active
* (gay sexual slang) top

#### Declension

For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “active, top”): pasif

#### Derived terms

* aktiflik
* aktifleştirmek
# aktivasi makrofag
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of aktivasi +‎ makrofag.

### Noun

aktivasi makrofag
* (immunology) macrophage activation: the process by which macrophages, a type of immune cell, undergo a change in their function and expression, becoming more effective at carrying out their roles in inflammation and infection control.

### Further reading

* “aktivasi makrofag” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# asetuksena
## Finnish
### Noun

asetuksena
* essive singular of asetus
# makrofag
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /makˈrofaɡ/ [mak̚ˈro.fak̚]
* Rhymes: -ofaɡ
* Syllabification: mak‧ro‧fag

### Noun

makrofag (plural makrofag-makrofag)
* (cytology, immunology) macrophage: A white blood cell that phagocytizes necrotic cell debris and foreign material, including viruses, bacteria, and tattoo ink. It presents foreign antigens on MHC II to lymphocytes. Part of the innate immune system.

### Further reading

* “makrofag” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.