# bris
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Yiddish ברית (bris), from Hebrew בְּרִית (bərîṯ, “covenant”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /bɹɪs/
* Rhymes: -ɪs

### Noun

bris (plural brises or brisses or britot)
* (Judaism) Ritual male circumcision.
** 1993, Miriam Rose, Miriam Zakon, “The Baker Family Circus”, in Baker's Dozen, volume 4, Omnibus, page 129:The night before the bris, he invited nine of his little buddies to come and say kerias shema around the baby's bassinet. Mommy and Daddy, who flew in for the bris, were so touched, they kept dabbing their eyes and coughing.
** 2009, Jeffrey Shandler, Jews, God, and Videotape: Religion and Media in America, page 155:Although indigenous visual documentation of the bris was, until the advent of video, limited and often oblique, the ceremony is a longstanding fixture of Christian art.
** 2013, Ted Falcon, David Blatner, Judaism For Dummies, 2nd edition, page 109:However, if the baby is born on a Wednesday night, then the bris would occur on the following Thursday morning because Jewish days begin at sundown, and the bris is tradionally performed during the day. (Note that the Talmud (see Chapter 3) states if the baby's health is in question, then the bris must be postponed.)

#### Synonyms

* (circumcision): bris milah, brit milah

#### Derived terms

* bris periah

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* IRBs, RBIs, RIBs, SBIR, ribs

## French
### Etymology

From the verb briser (“to break”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʁi/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Noun

bris m (plural bris)
* shattering

#### Related terms

* briser

### Further reading

* “bris”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Icelandic
### Etymology

Related to brjósk (“gristle, cartilage”), where the original sense was "sweetbread."

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [prɪːs]
* Rhymes: -ɪːs

### Noun

bris n (genitive singular briss, nominative plural bris)
* (anatomy) pancreas
    Synonym: briskirtill

#### Declension
### References

* Pierson, S. (2011). The Brisket Book: A Love Story with Recipes. United States: Andrews McMeel Publishing.

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish brisid. Cognate with English burst and German bersten.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʲɾʲɪʃ/

### Verb

bris (present analytic briseann, future analytic brisfidh, verbal noun briseadh, past participle briste)
* (ambitransitive) to break, fracture
* sack, fire, dismiss
* (banking) cash, (of money, bills) change
* burst (of dam)
* overthrow (of government)

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | briseadh | briseadh | briseadh | briseadh | briseadh | briseadh | briseadh | briseadh |
| past participle | briste | briste | briste | briste | briste | briste | briste | briste |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | brisim | briseann tú; brisir$^†$ | briseann sé, sí | brisimid | briseann sibh | briseann siad; brisid$^†$ | a bhriseann; a bhriseas / a mbriseann* | bristear |
| past | bhris mé; bhriseas | bhris tú; bhrisis | bhris sé, sí | bhriseamar; bhris muid | bhris sibh; bhriseabhair | bhris siad; bhriseadar | a bhris / ar bhris* | briseadh |
| past habitual | bhrisinn / mbrisinn‡‡ | bhristeá / mbristeá‡‡ | bhriseadh sé, sí / mbriseadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhrisimis; bhriseadh muid / mbrisimis‡‡; mbriseadh muid‡‡ | bhriseadh sibh / mbriseadh sibh‡‡ | bhrisidís; bhriseadh siad / mbrisidís‡‡; mbriseadh siad‡‡ | a bhriseadh / a mbriseadh* | bhristí / mbristí‡‡ |
| future | brisfidh mé; brisfead | brisfidh tú; brisfir$^†$ | brisfidh sé, sí | brisfimid; brisfidh muid | brisfidh sibh | brisfidh siad; brisfid$^†$ | a bhrisfidh; a bhrisfeas / a mbrisfidh* | brisfear |
| conditional | bhrisfinn / mbrisfinn‡‡ | bhrisfeá / mbrisfeá‡‡ | bhrisfeadh sé, sí / mbrisfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhrisfimis; bhrisfeadh muid / mbrisfimis‡‡; mbrisfeadh muid‡‡ | bhrisfeadh sibh / mbrisfeadh sibh‡‡ | bhrisfidís; bhrisfeadh siad / mbrisfidís‡‡; mbrisfeadh siad‡‡ | a bhrisfeadh / a mbrisfeadh* | bhrisfí / mbrisfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go mbrise mé; go mbrisead$^†$ | go mbrise tú; go mbrisir$^†$ | go mbrise sé, sí | go mbrisimid; go mbrise muid | go mbrise sibh | go mbrise siad; go mbrisid$^†$ | — | go mbristear |
| past | dá mbrisinn | dá mbristeá | dá mbriseadh sé, sí | dá mbrisimis; dá mbriseadh muid | dá mbriseadh sibh | dá mbrisidís; dá mbriseadh siad | — | dá mbristí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | brisim | bris | briseadh sé, sí | brisimis | brisigí; brisidh$^†$ | brisidís | — | bristear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

#### Derived terms

* athbhris (“break again”, verb)
* dobhriste (“unbreakable”, adjective)
* inbhriste (“breakable”, adjective)
* sobhriste (“breakable”, adjective)

### Noun

bris f (genitive singular brise, nominative plural briseanna)
* loss
    Ní maith liom do bhris.I’m sorry for your loss.

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
bris
briseanna
vocative
a bhris
a bhriseanna
genitive
brise
briseanna
dative
bris
briseanna
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an bhris
na briseanna
genitive
na brise
na mbriseanna
dative
leis an mbris don bhris
leis na briseanna :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bris”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bris(s)id”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “brisim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 89
* Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 40

## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʲrʲɪs̪]

### Verb

brìs
* third-person singular future of bristi
* third-person plural future of bristi

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Middle Low German brise.

### Noun

bris m (definite singular brisen, indefinite plural briser, definite plural brisene)
* (weather) a breeze

### References

* “bris” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Middle Low German brise.

### Noun

bris m (definite singular brisen, indefinite plural brisar, definite plural brisane)
* (weather) a breeze

### References

* “bris” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* briss

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʲrʲisʲ/

### Verb

bris
* second-person singular imperative of brisid

### Verb

·bris
* inflection of brisid:
** third-person singular preterite conjunct
** first-person singular present subjunctive conjunct

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish brisid. Cognate with English burst and German bersten.

### Pronunciation

* (Lewis) IPA: /pʰð̥iʃ/ (as if spelled pris)
* (Harris, Uist, Skye) IPA: /b̥ɾʲiʃ/
* (Barra, Wester Ross) IPA: /b̥ɾʲiʃtʲ/ (corresponding to the form brist)

### Verb

bris (past bhris, future brisidh, verbal noun briseadh, past participle briste)
* break, smash
* breach

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “bris”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bris(s)id”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brîːs/

### Noun

brȋs m (Cyrillic spelling бри̑с)
* (medicine) swab, smear

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Spanish and Portuguese brisa (“northeast wind”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /briːs/

### Noun

bris c
* (often nautical) breeze
    styv brisfresh ("stiff") breeze (at sea)

#### Usage notes

* More nautical-sounding compared to English breeze, but also used more generally.
* Plural form could also be brisar.

#### See also

* fläkt
* vindil
* vindpust
* vindstöt

### References

* bris in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bris in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bris in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* bris in Svenskt nautiskt lexikon (1920)
* bris in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English bridge.

### Noun

bris
* bridge
* wharf

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /briːs/
** (South Wales, colloquial) IPA: /briːʃ/

### Noun

bris
* Soft mutation of pris.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Yola
### Etymology

Borrowed from Irish brus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brɪs/

### Noun

bris
* smithereens, little pieces

### References

* Diarmaid Ó Muirithe (1990) “A Modern Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy”, in lrish University Review‎, volume 20, number 1, Edinburgh University Press, page 155