# 座

| 座 | U+5EA7, &#24231; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EA7 |
| ← 度 [U+5EA6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 庨 → [U+5EA8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

座 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈人人土 (IOOG), four-corner 0021$_4$, composition ⿸广坐)

#### Derived characters

* 蓙 𡎻 𭢂 𣖵 𪶶 𨫈

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 346, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9319
* Dae Jaweon: page 655, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 886, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5EA7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 脞 | *sʰal, *sʰoːlʔ |
| 侳 | *ʔsal, *ʔsoːls |
| 挫 | *ʔsoːls |
| 夎 | *ʔsoːls |
| 遳 | *sʰloːl |
| 銼 | *sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ |
| 剉 | *sʰoːls |
| 莝 | *sʰoːls |
| 趖 | *soːl |
| 矬 | *zoːl |
| 痤 | *zoːl |
| 睉 | *zoːl |
| 坐 | *zoːlʔ, *zoːls |
| 座 | *zoːls |
| 髽 | *ʔsroːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zoːls): semantic 广 (“house on cliff”) + phonetic 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls).

### Etymology

Exopassive of 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, “to sit; to be situated”), literally "that which is sat on" (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuò (zuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zo$^6$ / zo$^{6-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): do$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chho
    (Meixian, Guangdong): co$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cô̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chō / chǒ͘ / chē / chǒ / chó
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zo$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zuò
*** Wade–Giles: tso$^4$
*** Yale: dzwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
*** Palladius: цзо (czo)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zo$^6$ / zo$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: joh / jó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzo$^6$ / dzo$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zo$^6$ / zo$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔː²²/, /t͡sɔː²²⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: do$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tᵘɔ³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho
*** Hakka Romanization System: co
*** Hagfa Pinyim: co$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: co$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cô̤
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō
*** Tâi-lô: tsō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoi
*** IPA (Changtai): /t͡sɔ²²/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsǒo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ²²/
*** IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡sɔ³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
*** Tâi-lô: tsē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ze
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai): /t͡se²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ
*** Tâi-lô: tsǒ
*** IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡so³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó
*** Tâi-lô: tsó
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoir
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡so⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ⁴¹/
* chō/chǒ͘ - literary;
* chē/chǒ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: dzwaH
Rime :
| Character | 座 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徂卧切 |
| Baxter | dzwaH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zuɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zuɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zuɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zwa$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zuɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zuɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱuɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zuò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zo$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zoːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 座 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zuò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzwa$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ-s/ |
| English | seat n. |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 座 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 18066 |
| Phonetic component | 坐 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*zoːls/ |

### Definitions

座
* seat (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    讓座／让座 ― ràngzuò ― to give up one's seat
* stand; base (Classifier: 個／个 m c)
* Short for 星座 (xīngzuò, “constellation”).
    天蠍座／天蝎座 ― tiānxiēzuò ― Scorpio
* Classifier for buildings, mountains and similar immovable objects.
    From: 1984, 這是一座美麗的城, Cheng Fangyuan (成方圓)
    zhèlǐ shì yī zuò měilì de chéng [Pinyin]
    This is a beautiful city
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) room number in a residential building
    十八樓C座／十八楼C座 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― sap$^6$ baat$^3$ lau$^{4-2}$ si$^1$ zo$^6$ [Jyutping] ― Eighteenth Floor Block C

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 座 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 座 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 座 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 座 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 座 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 座 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 座 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 座 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 座 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 座 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 座 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 座 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 座, 個, 架 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 座 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 座 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 座 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 座 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 座 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 座 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 道, 座, 架 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 道, 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 架 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 座 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 座 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 座 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 道, 座 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 座 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 座 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 座 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 座 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 座 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 道, 座 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 座 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 度, 戙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 條, 座 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 度 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 座 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 度, 戙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 度 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 戙 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 度 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 戙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 戙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 戙 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 戙 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 度 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 度 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 度 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 戙 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 對 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 度 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 獨 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 度 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 度 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 度 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 度 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 道 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 座 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 度 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 度 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 度 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 度 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 條 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 條, 板 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 條, 板 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 板 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 條, 板 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 條, 板 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 乘 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 座 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 座 |
| Jin | Datong | 座 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 座 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 座 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 座 |
| Jin | Linhe | 座 |
| Jin | Jining | 座 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 座 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 座 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 座 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 座 |
| Jin | Handan | 座 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 座 |
| Jin | Suide | 座 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 座 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 條 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 座 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 板 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 座 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 條 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 板 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 板 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 板 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 條 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 條 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 條 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 逝 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 條, 座 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 條 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 條 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 頂 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 爿, 條 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 座, 隻 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 條, 座 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 座 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 座 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 座 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 座 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 崙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 座 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 座 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 座 |

### Compounds

* 一座
* 一座皆驚 / 一座皆惊
* 上座 (shàngzuò)
* 上座兒 / 上座儿 (shàngzuòr)
* 串座
* 主座
* 二座
* 人馬座 / 人马座 (Rénmǎzuò)
* 仙后座 (Xiānhòuzuò)
* 仙女座 (Xiānnǚzuò)
* 倒座
* 假座
* 側膜胎座 / 侧膜胎座
* 傢伙座兒 / 家伙座儿
* 入座 (rùzuò)
* 八座
* 公座
* 典座
* 劃座位 / 划座位
* 劍魚座 / 剑鱼座 (Jiànyúzuò)
* 北冕座 (Běimiǎnzuò)
* 博愛座 / 博爱座 (bó'àizuò)
* 卡座 (kǎzuò)
* 叫座 (jiàozuò)
* 后座 (hòuzuò)
* 同座
* 咖啡座
* 在座 (zàizuò)
* 基座 (jīzuò)
* 大熊星座
* 大犬星座
* 天平座
* 太座
* 天文座標 / 天文座标
* 天琴座 (Tiānqínzuò)
* 天秤座
* 天舟座
* 天蠍座 / 天蝎座 (Tiānxiēzuò)
* 天體座標 / 天体座标
* 天鵝星座 / 天鹅星座
* 天鷹星座 / 天鹰星座
* 安座
* 官座兒 / 官座儿
* 客座 (kèzuò)
* 客座教授
* 寶座 / 宝座 (bǎozuò)
* 寶瓶座 / 宝瓶座 (Bǎopíngzuò)
* 對號入座 / 对号入座 (duìhàorùzuò)
* 小熊星座
* 小獅座 / 小狮座 (Xiǎoshīzuò)
* 就座 (jiùzuò)
* 屈座
* 巨爵座 (Jùjuézuò)
* 巨蛇座 (Jùshézuò)
* 巨蟹座 (Jùxièzuò)
* 底座 (dǐzuò)
* 座上客 (zuòshàngkè)
* 座主
* 座位 (zuòwèi)
* 座兒 / 座儿 (zuòr)
* 座前
* 座右銘 / 座右铭 (zuòyòumíng)
* 座子 (zuòzi)
* 座師 / 座师
* 座椅 (zuòyǐ)
* 座標 / 座标 (zuòbiāo)
* 座次 (zuòcì)
* 座無空席 / 座无空席
* 座無虛席 / 座无虚席 (zuòwúxūxí)
* 座艙 / 座舱 (zuòcāng)
* 座落 (zuòluò)
* 座號 / 座号 (zuòhào)
* 座談 / 座谈 (zuòtán)
* 座談會 / 座谈会 (zuòtánhuì)
* 座車 / 座车
* 座頭 / 座头 (zuòtou)
* 後座 / 后座 (hòuzuò)
* 後座力 / 后座力 (hòuzuòlì)
* 御夫座 (Yùfūzuò)
* 扆座 (yǐzuò)
* 押座文
* 插座 (chāzuò)
* 摩羯座 (Mójiézuò)
* 敬陪末座
* 星座 (xīngzuò)
* 望府座 (Wàngfǔzuò)
* 木上座
* 末座
* 棺材座子
* 正座 (zhèngzuò)
* 池座 (chízuò)
* 法座 (fǎzuò)
* 海豚座 (Hǎitúnzuò)
* 滿座 / 满座 (mǎnzuò)
* 滿座風生 / 满座风生
* 燈座 / 灯座 (dēngzuò)
* 牧夫座 (Mùfūzuò)
* 猊座
* 獅子座 / 狮子座 (Shīzizuò)
* 獵戶座 / 猎户座 (Lièhùzuò)
* 獵戶星座 / 猎户星座
* 獵犬座 / 猎犬座 (Lièquǎnzuò)
* 玉夫座 (Yùfūzuò)
* 白羊座 (Báiyángzuò)
* 看座兒的 / 看座儿的
* 睛球座
* 神座
* 綽酒座 / 绰酒座
* 羅盤座 / 罗盘座 (Luópánzuò)
* 臺座 / 台座
* 舉座 / 举座 (jǔzuò)
* 英仙座 (Yīngxiānzuò)
* 茶座 (cházuò)
* 蓮座 / 莲座
* 處女座 / 处女座 (chǔnǚzuò)
* 觀音座蓮 / 观音座莲
* 講座 / 讲座 (jiǎngzuò)
* 讓座 / 让座 (ràngzuò)
* 賓朋滿座 / 宾朋满座
* 賣座 / 卖座 (màizuò)
* 趕座子 / 赶座子
* 鄰座 / 邻座
* 金牛座 (jīnniúzuò)
* 鈞座 / 钧座
* 銀座 / 银座 (Yínzuò)
* 銀河座標 / 银河座标
* 隔座
* 雅座 (yǎzuò)
* 雙子座 / 双子座 (Shuāngzǐzuò)
* 雙魚座 / 双鱼座 (shuāngyúzuò)
* 零座
* 靈座 / 灵座
* 須彌座 / 须弥座 (Xūmí zuò)
* 飛馬座 / 飞马座 (Fēimǎzuò)
* 飯座兒 / 饭座儿
* 首座 (shǒuzuò)
* 高朋滿座 / 高朋满座 (gāopéngmǎnzuò)
* 鯨魚座 / 鲸鱼座 (Jīngyúzuò)
* 黼座

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: toà

### References

* “座”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ざ (za, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: さ (sa)
* Kun: すわる (suwaru, 座る, Jōyō)、くら (kura, 座)、います (imasu, 座す)

#### Compounds

* 座(ざ)位(い) (zai, “seat; posing of sitting; sitting sex position”)
* 座(ざ)視(し) (zashi, “idly watching”)
* 座(ざ)州(しゅう) (zashū, “running aground”)
* 座(ざ)礁(しょう) (zashō, “run aground”)
* 端(たん)座(ざ) (tanza, “sitting upright”)
* 便(べん)座(ざ) (benza, “toilet seat”)
* 連(れん)座(ざ) (renza, “implication in a crime”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 座
* ざ Grade: 6
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 座 (d͡zuɑ$^H$).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ざ [zà] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ざ [záꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡za̠]

#### Suffix

座(ざ) • (-za)
* names of constellations
* names of theaters

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 座
* くら Grade: 6
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɯ̟ɾa̠]

#### Affix

座(くら) • (kura)
* high place

##### Derived terms

* 位(くらい) (kurai, “grade, rank”)
* 塒(ねぐら) (negura, “roost”)
* 鳥(と)栖(ぐら) 塒(とぐら), 鳥(と)座(ぐら) (togura, “nest”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

座 • (jwa) (hangeul 좌)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

座: Hán Nôm readings: tọa/toạ, tòa/toà, phụng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.