# 伍

| 伍 | U+4F0D, &#20237; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F0D |
| ← 伌 [U+4F0C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 伎 → [U+4F0E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

伍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人一木一 (OMDM), four-corner 2121$_7$, composition ⿰亻五)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 435
* Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 118, character 1
* Unihan data for U+4F0D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 伍
* Small seal scripts05781Transcribed ancient scriptsL34452L14830L14831
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 吾 | *ŋraː, *ŋaː |
| 衙 | *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ |
| 鼯 | *ŋaː |
| 浯 | *ŋaː |
| 珸 | *ŋaː |
| 郚 | *ŋaː |
| 齬 | *ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ |
| 鯃 | *ŋaː |
| 娪 | *ŋaː |
| 梧 | *ŋaː |
| 峿 | *ŋaː |
| 五 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 伍 | *ŋaːʔ |
| 寤 | *ŋaːs |
| 啎 | *ŋaːs |
| 晤 | *ŋaːs |
| 悟 | *ŋaːs |
| 逜 | *ŋaːs |
| 窹 | *ŋaːs |
| 捂 | *ŋaːs |
| 鋙 | *ŋa, *ŋaʔ |
| 語 | *ŋaʔ, *ŋas |
| 圄 | *ŋaʔ |
| 敔 | *ŋaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːʔ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ). Also ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǔ (wu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ng$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): m$^2$ / m$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ńg
    (Hailu, HRS): ng$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): n$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngū
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gó͘ / ngó͘ / gǒ͘ / gō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngou$^2$ / ngou$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$u; $^6$wu; $^6$ng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǔ
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^3$
*** Yale: wǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuu
*** Palladius: у (u)
*** Sinological IPA : /u²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ng$^5$
*** Yale: ńgh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ng$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋ̍¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: m$^2$ / m$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /m̩⁵⁵/, /m̩²¹/
* m2 - "five", surname;
* m4 - troops.
* Middle Chinese: nguX
Rime :
| Character | 伍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 疑古切 |
| Baxter | nguX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋuo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋuo$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋo$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɔ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋo$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋuo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ng$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤaʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 伍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngu$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ŋˁaʔ/ |
| English | group of five |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 伍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13148 |
| Phonetic component | 五 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 五 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋaːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

伍
* troop of five soldiers
* (figuratively) military
* ally; company
* (financial) Alternative form of 五 (“five”)
* a surname, Wu, Woo, Ng, or Eng
    伍連德／伍连德 ― Wǔ Liándé ― Wu Lien-teh (Malayan Chinese physician and epidemiologist)
    伍家崗區／伍家岗区 ― Wǔjiāgǎng Qū ― Wujiagang District

#### See also

Chinese numbers :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10$^2$ | 10$^3$ | 10$^4$ | 10$^6$ | 10$^8$ | 10$^{12}$ |
| Normal (小寫 / 小写) | 〇, 零, 空 | 一, 蜀 | 二, 兩 / 两 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬 / 万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) | 百萬 / 百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines) | 億 / 亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China) |
| Financial (大寫 / 大写) | 零 | 壹 | 貳 / 贰 | 參 / 叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸 / 陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | 萬 / 万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) | 百萬 / 百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines) | 億 / 亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China) |

#### Compounds

* 伍伯
* 伍員乘潮 / 伍员乘潮
* 伍員抉目 / 伍员抉目
* 伍員鞭屍 / 伍员鞭尸
* 伍子胥
* 伍家 (Wǔjiā)
* 伍家崗 / 伍家岗 (Wǔjiāgǎng)
* 伍山 (Wǔshān)
* 伍洛 (Wǔluò)
* 伍相廟 / 伍相庙 (Wǔxiàngmiào)
* 伍茲 / 伍兹 (Wǔzī)
* 伍長 / 伍长
* 入伍 (rùwǔ)
* 卒伍
* 參伍 / 参伍
* 噲伍 / 哙伍
* 士伍
* 恥與為伍 / 耻与为伍 (chǐyǔwéiwǔ)
* 本伍
* 歸伍 / 归伍
* 火伍
* 為伍 / 为伍 (wéiwǔ)
* 燕雀伍
* 砥兵礪伍 / 砥兵砺伍
* 簿伍
* 羞與噲伍 / 羞与哙伍
* 羞與為伍 / 羞与为伍 (xiūyǔwéiwǔ)
* 老行伍
* 與噲為伍 / 与哙为伍
* 落伍 (luòwǔ)
* 行伍 (hángwǔ)
* 行伍出身
* 超伍
* 退伍 (tuìwǔ)
* 部伍
* 鄰伍 / 邻伍
* 配伍 (pèiwǔ)
* 閭伍 / 闾伍
* 隊伍 / 队伍 (duìwǔ)
* 隊伍行列 / 队伍行列
* 黨伍 / 党伍

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 伍(ご) (go)
* → Korean: 오(伍) (o)
Others:
* (Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Go
* (Mandarin) Tagalog: Wu

### Etymology 2

From 亻 (denoting one octave higher in Kunqu) + 五 (wǔ).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wǔ (wu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǔ
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^3$
*** Yale: wǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuu
*** Palladius: у (u)
*** Sinological IPA : /u²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

伍
* (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note high la (6̇).
    Synonym: 鿉 (wǔ) (Cantonese opera)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* (financial, dated) five
* five (mahjong)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ご (go)
* Kan-on: ご (go)
* Kun: いつつ (itsutsu, 伍つ)
* Nanori: くみ (kumi)、あつむ (atsumu)

#### Compounds

* 伍(ご)長(ちょう) (gochō)
* 落(らく)伍(ご) (rakugo)
* 伍(ご)する (gosuru)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 伍
* ご Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 伍 (MC nguX).
The numeral sense is a substitute spelling for 五(ご) (go, “five”), likely borrowed from similar usage of written Chinese 伍 (“five”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ご [góꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɡo̞]

#### Noun

伍(ご) • (go)
* (financial, archaic) the number five, 5 (used only in legal documents, otherwise 五)
* a military squad (usu. of five people); a group

##### Usage notes

Legal uses arose due to the relative ease with which certain number kanji can be fraudulently altered to look like other number kanji. For instance, 三 (san, “three”) could be modified to look like 五 (go, “five”), but it cannot be modified to look like 伍 (go, “five”, in legal contexts).

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 伍
* ウー Jinmeiyō
* irregular

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɯ̟ː]

#### Number

伍(ウー) • (ū)
* (mahjong) five

### See also

* 大字(だいじ) (daiji, “big character”, more-complicated kanji used as phonetic replacements for simpler numeric kanji, in order to prevent fraudulent modification)
v • d • eJapanese numbers :
| Number | Kanji | Kana | Romaji |
| 0 | 零 | れい、ゼロ | rei, zero |
| 1 | 一、壱、弌、壹 | いち | ichi |
| 2 | 二、弐、貳、貮 | に | ni |
| 3 | 三、参 | さん | san |
| 4 | 四、肆 | よん、し | yon, shi |
| 5 | 五、伍 | ご | go |
| 6 | 六、陸 | ろく | roku |
| 7 | 七、漆 | なな、しち | nana, shichi |
| 8 | 八、捌 | はち | hachi |
| 9 | 九、玖 | きゅう、く | kyū, ku |
| 10 | 十、拾 | じゅう | jū |
| 100 | 百、陌、佰 | ひゃく | hyaku |
| 1,000 | 千、阡、仟 | せん | sen |
| 10,000 | 一万、万、一萬、萬 | いちまん、まん | ichiman, man |
| 100,000,000 | 一億、億 | いちおく、おく | ichioku, oku |

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 伍 (MC nguX). Recorded as Middle Korean 오〯 (wǒ) (Yale: wo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 伍 (eumhun 다섯사람 오 (daseotsaram o))
* hanja form of 오 (“five”)

#### Compounds

* 낙오 (落伍, nago)
* 대오 (隊伍, dae'o)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

伍: Hán Nôm readings: ngũ
* five