# cambium
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin cambium (“a change”), from Gaulish. Doublet of change.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈkambɪəm/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈkeə̯m.biˌəm/, /ˈkæm.biˌəm/
* Rhymes: -æmbiəm

### Noun

cambium (countable and uncountable, plural cambiums or cambia)
* (botany) A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems.
    Coordinate term: meristem
** 1863, Harland Coultas, What may be learned from a tree:During winter we perceive no change in the cells of the cambium layer, which are filled with nutritive matter […].
* (anatomy) Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones
* (obsolete) One of the humours formerly believed to nourish the bodily organs.
** 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:, Bk.I, New York, 2001, p.147:
    The radical or innate is daily supplied by nourishment, which some call cambium, and make those secondary humours of ros and gluten to maintain it […]

#### Derived terms

* pericambium
* procambium

#### Translations
## Dutch
### Etymology

Internationalism; see English cambium.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cambium n (plural cambia)
* (botany) cambium
    Hypernym: meristeem

### Further reading

* cambium on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑ̃.bjɔm/

### Noun

cambium m (plural cambiums)
* cambium

### Further reading

* “cambium”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Gaulish cambion, a yo-stem derivative of Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós, *(s)kh₂mbós (“crooked”), ultimately a sound-symbolic or substrate-derived root, similar and perhaps related to Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”) and *kemp-; compare Latin camur, campus and Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”), Old Irish camm (“crooked”), Welsh cam (“crooked”), Breton kamm (“crooked”), Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”), Swedish skumpa (“to limp”).

### Pronunciation

* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkam.bi.um/, [ˈkämbium]

### Noun

cambium n (genitive cambiī or cambī); second declension
* (Late Latin)$^?$ a change
* (Medieval Latin, New Latin) cambium

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Derived terms

* cambiō

#### Descendants

* → English: cambium
* → French: cambium
* Galician: cambio
* Italian: cambio
* Portuguese: câmbio
* → Spanish: cambio, cambium

### References

* "cambium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cambium in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

## Romanian
### Noun

cambium n (uncountable)
* Alternative form of cambiu

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin cambium.

### Noun

cambium m (plural cambiums)
* cambium

#### Related terms

* cambiar