# krusá
## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese cruz, from Old Galician-Portuguese cruz, from Latin crux, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.
Compare Paraguayan Guaraní kurusu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kɾuˈsa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: kru‧sá

### Noun

krusá (possessable)
* (Late Tupi) cross
    Synonyms: îoasaba, ybyrá, ybyraîekunasaba, ybyraîoasaba
** 16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Doſ Miſterioſ do Rozairo de noſsa ſar̃” (chapter XXXIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 37v, lines 69–84; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 83:O atijbari / Cruça oçupi / Membeca çuj / Ieſu ceroari, / cece abapoari / ndereçape nhe / Abape ⁓. // Y aipo açaça / ypi recebe / Cruça çoce nhe / Xejara moja / oique itapigua / nde angapupe / Abap arapora / oico nde yabe.[O ati'yba ri, krusá osupi. Membeka suí, Îesu sero'ari. Sesé abá pûari nde resápe nhẽ. Abápe 'ara pora oîkó nde îabé? Îaîpoasasá i py resebé, krusá sosé nhẽ xe îara moîá. Oîké itapygûá nde 'anga pupé. Abáp'ara pora oîkó nde îabé?]On his own shoulder, he lifts the cross. Out of weakness, Jesus falls with it. Men strike him before your eyes. What inhabitant of the world is like you? They pierce his hands along with his feet, upon the cross nailing my lord. The nails sink deep into your soul. What inhabitant of the world is like you?
** 1614, Claude d'Abbeville, “De la mort de trois Indiens Topinamba qui eſtoient venus en France” (chapter LVII), in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 357:Cruſſa chépopé ſecoremé, ouyiemo cruſſaue tooure Ieropary oycoue aermé, naſſequeie chouéne ichouy[Krusá xe pópe sekóreme, ûiîemokrusábo – t'our îurupari oîkóbo a'ereme – n'asykyîéî xûéne i xuí.]If the cross is in my hands, while I am blessing myself—let the devils come at that moment—I will not fear them.

#### Notes

* Although kurusá generally appears in modern dictionaries instead of krusá (for example, Navarro 2013, p. 246), this seems to be the only attested form from the period when Old Tupi was spoken, despite José de Anchieta's categorical claim that there is no "muta com liquida" in this language; kurusá should therefore be exclusive to the Línguas Gerais, although it still coexisted with krusá. Anchieta's literary work refers to a supposed village called "Curuça", but the manuscript used for the transcription is damaged, so the italicized ⟨ç⟩ might actually be a regular ⟨c⟩; there is a copy by André João Antonil, not consulted for the transcription, which could correct or confirm this information (Paula Martins 1956, p. 9). Jean de Léry records a village called "Corouque" in Guanabara Bay.

#### Derived terms

* Krusá
* mokrusá
* po'yra krusá

#### Descendants

* → Kariri: kɾudza
* Old Tupi: (LGA, LGP) kurusá
** Nheengatu: kurusá
** → Brazilian Portuguese: Curuçá

### References

* Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter LI, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L’Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 318: “Cruſſa”
* João de Arronches (1739) “CRUZ”, in Caderno da Lingua (overall work in Portuguese); republished as “O caderno da lingua ou Vocabulario Portuguez-Tupi”, in Plínio Ayrosa, editor, Revista do Museu Paulista, volume XXI, São Paulo: Imprensa Official do Estado, 1934, page 153: “cruçá”
* anonymous author (c. 1757) “Cruz de pao”, in [Vocabulario Portuguez–Brasilico] (overall work in Portuguese); republished as Ernesto Ferreira França, compiler, Chrestomathia da lingua brazilica, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859, page 38: “cruça”
* anonymous author (18th century) “Cruz”, in Diccionario da lingua brazilica [Dictionary of the Brasílica Language]‎ (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 16v: “Cruçá”