# vatra
## Albanian
### Noun

vatra
* definite nominative singular of vatër

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Romanian vatră or Aromanian vatrã, which in turn are borrowed from Tosk Albanian vatër (definite form vatra), from Proto-Albanian *ōtar, obtained through the *o to *vo-/*va- development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the diphthongization of *o in the two major dialect groups (cf. also vadhë, varfër, vesh, etc.). Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvatra]
* Rhymes: -atra

### Noun

vatra f
* bonfire
* hearth

#### Declension
### References

* 1 2 2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:"As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialectal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects underwent the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these innovations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."
* ↑ Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232
* ↑ Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805

### Further reading

* “vatra”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “vatra”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “vatra”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Gagauz
### Etymology

Borrowed from Romanian vatră (“fireplace”), in turn from Albanian vatër, definite form vatra.

### Noun

vatra (definite accusative vatrayı, plural vatralar)
* hearth

## Romanian
### Noun

vatra
* definite nominative/accusative singular of vatră

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed either directly from Tosk Albanian vatër, or from Romanian vatră or Aromanian vatrã, which in turn are borrowed from Tosk Albanian vatër (definite form vatra), from Proto-Albanian *ōtar, obtained through the *o to *vo-/*va- development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of *o in the two major dialect groups (cf. also vadhë, varfër, vesh, etc.). Borrowed also into Czech vatra. Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋâtra/
* Hyphenation: vat‧ra

### Noun

vȁtra f (Cyrillic spelling ва̏тра)
* fire
    Synonym: òganj

#### Derived terms

* vȁtren

### References

* 1 2 2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:"As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialectal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects underwent the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these innovations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."
* ↑ Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232
* ↑ Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805
* “vatra”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Anagrams

* vrata