# 利用
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lìyòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ ㄩㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lei$^6$ jung$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): li-yung
    (Hailu, HRS): li$^˖$ rhung$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): li$^4$ yung$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): li$^5$ oeng$^5$ / li$^5$ yeng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lī-iōng / lī-ēng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li$^6$ êng$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lìyòng → lìyong (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ ㄩㄥˋ → ㄌㄧˋ ˙ㄩㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lìyo̊ng
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$-yung$^5$
*** Yale: lì-yung
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih.yonq
*** Palladius: лиюн (lijun)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jʊŋ⁵¹/ → /li⁵¹ jʊŋ¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lei$^6$ jung$^6$
*** Yale: leih yuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lei$^6$ jung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: léi$^6$ yung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lei̯²² jʊŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li-yung
*** Hakka Romanization System: li iung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^4$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵ i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li-yung
*** Hakka Romanization System: li (r)iung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^4$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵ (j)i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: li$^˖$ rhung$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /li³³ ʒuŋ³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: li$^4$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iʊŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: li$^5$ oeng$^5$ [Phonetic: li$^4$ oeng$^5$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lī-ē̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /li²¹⁻⁴² œŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: li$^5$ yeng$^5$ [Phonetic: li$^4$ yeng$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /li²¹⁻⁴² yøŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī-iōng
*** Tâi-lô: lī-iōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lixiong
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹⁻²² iɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /li³³⁻¹¹ iɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /li²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /li³³⁻²¹ iɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī-ēng
*** Tâi-lô: lī-īng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lixeng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹⁻²² iɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: li$^6$ êng$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lĭ ēng
*** Sinological IPA : /li³⁵⁻¹¹ eŋ¹¹/

### Verb

利用
* to use; to utilise; to make use of
    充分利用 ― chōngfèn lìyòng ― to make full use of
    合理利用 ― hélǐ lìyòng ― to use appropriately; appropriate use
       Dàjiā bǎ zhège zīyuán lìyòng hǎo. [Pinyin]
       Everyone make good use of this resource.
       Tā lìyòng jiàqī de shíjiān bǎ shū dú wán le. [Pinyin]
       He finished reading the book using time from the holiday.
* (often derogatory) to take advantage of; to make use of; to exploit
    我被他利用了。 ― Wǒ bèi tā lìyòng le. ― I was taken advantage of by him.

#### Synonyms

* (to use):
* 使出 (shǐchū)
* 使用 (shǐyòng)
* 動用 / 动用 (dòngyòng)
* 取用 (qǔyòng)
* 吸納 / 吸纳 (xīnà)
* 善用 (shànyòng) (to put to good use)
* 套用 (tàoyòng) (to apply mechanically)
* 實用 / 实用 (shíyòng)
* 應用 / 应用 (yìngyòng)
* 採用 / 采用 (cǎiyòng)
* 採納 / 采纳 (cǎinà)
* 搬 (bān) (to apply mechanically)
* 搬動 / 搬动 (bāndòng)
* 施用 (shīyòng)
* 沿用 (yányòng) (to continue to use)
* 用 (yòng)
* 硬套 (yìngtào) (to apply mechanically)
* 起動 / 起动 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 運用 / 运用 (yùnyòng)
* 錄用 / 录用 (lùyòng)
* 須 / 须 (xū) (literary)
* (to take advantage of): 佔便宜／占便宜 (zhàn piányi)

#### Derived terms

* 利用率

### Noun

利用
* (literary) good tool; excellent instrument

#### Synonyms

* 利器 (lìqì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 利用(りよう) (riyō)
* → Korean: 이용(利用) (iyong)
* → Vietnamese: lợi dụng (利用)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 利 | 用 |
| り Grade: 4 | よう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りよー [rìyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾʲijo̞ː]

### Noun

利(り)用(よう) • (riyō)
* use, usage, utilization, application
* exploitation, taking advantage of

#### Synonyms

* (usage): 使(し)用(よう) (shiyō), 活用(かつよう) (katsuyō)

#### Derived terms

* 利(り)用(よう)者(しゃ) (riyōsha): user
* 利(り)用(よう)価(か)値(ち) (riyōkachi): utility value

### Verb

利(り)用(よう)する • (riyō suru) transitive suru (stem 利(り)用(よう)し (riyō shi), past 利(り)用(よう)した (riyō shita))
* use, utilize
** From the [http: / www.debian.org/intro/about.ja.html#what Debian とは一体何ですか?] ([http:, “WHAT is Debian?”) in the [http: / www.debian.org/intro/about.ja.html Debian について] ([http:, “About Debian”) homepage
    Debianは、現在Linuxカーネルを利用しています。
       Debianは、げんざいLinuxカーネルをりようしています。
       Debian wa, genzai Linux kāneru o riyō shite imasu.
          Debian is currently using the Linux kernel.
* exploit, take advantage of

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 利用し | りようし | riyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 利用し | りようし | riyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 利用する | りようする | riyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 利用する | りようする | riyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 利用すれ | りようすれ | riyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 利用せよ¹ 利用しろ² | りようせよ¹ りようしろ² | riyō seyo¹ riyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 利用される | りようされる | riyō sareru |
| Causative | 利用させる 利用さす | りようさせる りようさす | riyō saseru riyō sasu |
| Potential | 利用できる | りようできる | riyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 利用しよう | りようしよう | riyō shiyō |
| Negative | 利用しない | りようしない | riyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 利用せず | りようせず | riyō sezu |
| Formal | 利用します | りようします | riyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 利用した | りようした | riyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 利用して | りようして | riyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 利用すれば | りようすれば | riyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* (use): 使(つか)う (tsukau)

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 利 | 用 |

### Noun

利用 • (iyong) (hangeul 이용)
* hanja form of 이용 (“utilization”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 利 | 用 |

### Verb

利用
* chữ Hán form of lợi dụng (“to use; to utilize; to employ”).