# 室

| 室 | U+5BA4, &#23460; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BA4 |
| ← 宣 [U+5BA3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 宥 → [U+5BA5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

室 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十一戈土 (JMIG), four-corner 3010$_4$, composition ⿱宀至)

#### Derived characters

* 𠋤, 㗌, 𢯶, 榁, 腟, 𮵞, 𮷂, 𧍱, 𩋡, 鰘, 𭃸, 𦥉, 𡹭, 𮏧, 𰙱, 𬄰, 𨘲

#### See also

* 房
* 屋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 285, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7136
* Dae Jaweon: page 563, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 925, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5BA4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 室 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 致 | *tiɡs |
| 輊 | *tiɡs |
| 駤 | *tiɡs |
| 跮 | *tʰiɡs, *tʰiɡ |
| 荎 | *di, *diːɡ |
| 緻 | *diɡs |
| 至 | *tjiɡs |
| 鵄 | *tʰji |
| 胵 | *tʰji |
| 痓 | *tʰjiɡs |
| 咥 | *hriɡs, *tiːɡ, *diːɡ, *tʰiɡ |
| 窒 | *tiːɡ, *tiɡ |
| 蛭 | *tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 垤 | *diːɡ |
| 耋 | *diːɡ |
| 姪 | *diːɡ, *diɡ |
| 絰 | *diːɡ |
| 恎 | *diːɡ |
| 挃 | *tiɡ |
| 庢 | *tiɡ |
| 銍 | *tiɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 秷 | *tiɡ |
| 螲 | *tiɡ |
| 侄 | *diɡ, *tjiɡ |
| 桎 | *tjiɡ |
| 郅 | *tjiɡ |
| 晊 | *tjiɡ |
| 室 | *hliɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hliɡ): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs). Its original meaning is "house, residence". The arrows also indicates that a residence is a place or spot in which somebody stops, like an arrow stuck on the ground, hence the phonetic component also adds part of the meaning. Hence, in accordance to this interpretation, the character can be understood as "a ⼧ roof over ⾄ this exact spot".
The character's modern meaning is "to arrive". Hence, according to 說文 Shuowen, it is analyzed as a 會意 semantic assembly, as he says "至所止 arrive at a specific place" symbolized by the roof.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-li(s). Cognate to Tibetan གཞིས (gzhis) < གལྱི (glyi, “ground, foundation, cause; residence, abode”), ས་གཞི (sa gzhi, “earth (opposite to sky)”), གཞིས (gzhis, “native place”), ཡུལ་གཞིས (yul gzhis, “house, estate, property”), གཞིས་སྒྲིལ་བ (gzhis sgril ba, “to move, to change one's abode”). Also cognate to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mliy, from which Burmese မြေ (mre, “earth, soil”) is derived.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shì, shǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ, ㄕˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sat$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳt
* Jin (Wiktionary): seh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): sĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): sék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sek / siak / sit
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sig$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$seq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shì
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$
*** Yale: shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǐh
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^3$
*** Yale: shř
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sat$^1$
*** Yale: sāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt
*** Hakka Romanization System: siid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚²/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: seh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /si²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sék
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛiʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sih$^6$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sih
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
*** Tâi-lô: sik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: seg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
*** Tâi-lô: siak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit
*** Tâi-lô: sit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sid
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²/
* sek/siak - vernacular;
* sit - literary.
* Middle Chinese: syit
Rime :
| Character | 室 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 式質切 |
| Baxter | syit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕiɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.ti[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hliɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 室 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syit › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.ti[t]/ |
| English | chamber; house |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 室 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17374 |
| Phonetic component | 至 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 失 |
| Old Chinese | /*hliɡ/ |

### Definitions

室
* room (in a building or house); chamber
    兩室一廳／两室一厅 ― liǎng shì yī tīng ― two rooms and one living room
** (specifically in addresses) apartment number; flat number
* (literary, or in compounds) family; household; clan
* (literary, or in compounds) family member; dependent
** (specifically, literary, or in compounds) wife
*** (obsolete) to take a wife
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Gōngfù Wénbó zhī mǔ yù shì Wénbó. [Pinyin]
    The mother of Gongfu Wenbo [Jing Jiang] wants her son to get married.
    From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
    Nǎi lìng nánzǐ nián èrshí ér shì, nǚ nián shíwǔ ér jià. [Pinyin]
    Then he ordered men to take a wife at twenty and girls to get married at fifteen.
* (literary, or in compounds) organ (part of an organism) shaped like a chamber; body cavity; ventricle
* (literary, or in compounds) work unit; administrative unit
* (literary, or in compounds) court; dynasty
* (literary, or in compounds) home; house
* (literary, or in compounds) office
* (literary, or in compounds) coffin pit; grave
* (literary, or in compounds) scabbard; sheath
* (astronomy) Encampment (a Chinese constellation near Pegasus)

#### Synonyms

* (room):
* 居室 (jūshì)
* 屋子 (wūzi) (colloquial)
* 房間 / 房间 (fángjiān)
* 房頭 / 房头 (fángtóu) (literary)
* (family):
* 人家
* 家
* 家子 (jiāzi) (colloquial)
* 家室 (jiāshì)
* 家庭 (jiātíng)
* 家族 (jiāzú)
* 戶家 / 户家 (hùjiā) (literary)
* 房頭 / 房头 (fángtóu) (literary)
* 親族 / 亲族 (qīnzú)
* (family member):
* 六親 / 六亲 (liùqīn)
* 家人 (jiārén)
* 家室 (jiāshì)
* 家屬 / 家属 (jiāshǔ)
* 家庭成員 / 家庭成员 (jiātíng chéngyuán)
* 家裡人 / 家里人 (jiālǐrén)
* 屋下人 (Hakka)
* 屋企人 (uk$^1$ kei$^2$ jan$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 親人 / 亲人 (qīnrén)
* 親屬 / 亲属 (qīnshǔ)
* 親戚 / 亲戚
* (coffin pit):
* 墓壙 / 墓圹 (mùkuàng) (literary, or Hokkien)
* 墓壙空 / 墓圹空 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 墓穴 (mùxué)
* 墓窟 (Hokkien)
* 壙穴 / 圹穴 (kuàngxué) (literary)
* 泉壤 (quánrǎng) (literary)
* 玄宅 (xuánzhái) (literary)
* 窀穸 (literary)
* (scabbard): 鞘 (qiào)

#### Compounds

* 下室
* 丈室
* 不侮暗室
* 不安其室
* 不安於室 / 不安于室
* 不欺暗室 (bùqī'ànshì)
* 乃心王室
* 京室
* 休息室
* 候機室 / 候机室 (hòujīshì)
* 修置產室 / 修置产室
* 候診室 / 候诊室 (hòuzhěnshì)
* 候車室 / 候车室 (hòuchēshì)
* 側室 / 侧室 (cèshì)
* 偏室 (piānshì)
* 傳達室 / 传达室 (chuándáshì)
* 先室 (xiānshì)
* 入室 (rùshì)
* 入室升堂
* 入室弟子
* 入室操戈
* 內室 / 内室 (nèishì)
* 公室
* 冰室 (bīngshì)
* 冷藏室
* 別室 / 别室
* 副室
* 副控室 (fùkòngshì)
* 十室九空 (shíshìjiǔkōng)
* 升堂入室
* 右心室 (yòuxīnshì)
* 同室
* 同室操戈 (tóngshìcāogē)
* 周室
* 圖書室 / 图书室 (túshūshì)
* 地下室 (dìxiàshì)
* 在室
* 在室女
* 堊室 / 垩室
* 墓室 (mùshì)
* 壯室之秋 / 壮室之秋
* 夜室
* 夾室 / 夹室
* 女室
* 妻室 (qīshì)
* 媽媽教室 / 妈妈教室
* 嬰兒室 / 婴儿室
* 宗室 (zōngshì)
* 宜室宜家
* 室人
* 室內 / 室内 (shìnèi)
* 室內植物 / 室内植物
* 室內樂 / 室内乐 (shìnèiyuè)
* 室內設計 / 室内设计 (shìnèi shèjì)
* 室友 (shìyǒu)
* 室外 (shìwài)
* 室女 (shìnǚ)
* 室如懸磬 / 室如悬磬
* 宣室 (xuānshì)
* 宣室志
* 室家
* 室宿 (Shìxiù)
* 室廬 / 室庐
* 室怒市色
* 室溫 / 室温 (shìwēn)
* 室邇人遐 / 室迩人遐
* 室邇人遠 / 室迩人远
* 宮室 / 宫室 (gōngshì)
* 家室 (jiāshì)
* 密室 (mìshì)
* 富室
* 寢室 / 寝室 (qǐnshì)
* 實驗室 / 实验室 (shíyànshì)
* 居室 (jūshì)
* 工作室 (gōngzuòshì)
* 巨室 (jùshì)
* 左心室 (zuǒxīnshì)
* 帝室 (dìshì)
* 幔室
* 庶室
* 引狼入室 (yǐnlángrùshì)
* 待產室 / 待产室
* 心室 (xīnshì)
* 恢復室 / 恢复室
* 悍室
* 憩室 (qìshì)
* 手術室 / 手术室 (shǒushùshì)
* 拔萃書室 / 拔萃书室
* 控制室
* 授室
* 掘室求鼠
* 操戈入室
* 攝影室 / 摄影室
* 放映室
* 教室 (jiàoshì)
* 敦煌石室
* 斗室 (dǒushì)
* 斗室生輝
* 旋室
* 暗室 (ànshì)
* 暗室不欺
* 暗室可欺
* 暗室私心
* 暗室虧心 / 暗室亏心
* 暗室逢燈 / 暗室逢灯
* 暴室
* 曆室 / 历室
* 曲室
* 更衣室 (gēngyīshì)
* 會客室 / 会客室 (huìkèshì)
* 會議室 / 会议室 (huìyìshì)
* 有室
* 桌球室 (zhuōqiúshì)
* 檔案室 / 档案室
* 次室
* 正室 (zhèngshì)
* 毒氣室 / 毒气室 (dúqìshì)
* 氣泡室 / 气泡室
* 浴室 (yùshì)
* 清室 (qīngshì)
* 溫室 / 温室 (wēnshì)
* 溫室效應 / 温室效应 (wēnshì xiàoyìng)
* 滿室 / 满室
* 無塵室 / 无尘室
* 無菌室 / 无菌室
* 無響室 / 无响室
* 爨室 (cuànshì)
* 玄室
* 王室 (wángshì)
* 瑤臺瓊室 / 瑶台琼室
* 璇室
* 男室女家
* 畫室 / 画室 (huàshì)
* 當室 / 当室
* 登堂入室 (dēngtángrùshì)
* 登機室 / 登机室
* 皇室 (huángshì)
* 盈室
* 盤瓠石室 / 盘瓠石室
* 盥洗室 (guànxǐshì)
* 石室 (shíshì)
* 石室金匱 / 石室金匮
* 研究室
* 禁閉室 / 禁闭室
* 禪室 / 禅室
* 私室
* 窟室 (kūshì)
* 立室
* 築室 / 筑室
* 築室反耕 / 筑室反耕
* 築室道謀 / 筑室道谋
* 簉室
* 糞壤窟室 / 粪壤窟室
* 素室
* 網室 / 网室
* 綺室 / 绮室 (qǐshì)
* 編輯室 / 编辑室 (biānjíshì)
* 繼室 / 继室 (jìshì)
* 續室 / 续室
* 翼室
* 聊天室 (liáotiānshì)
* 臥室 / 卧室 (wòshì)
* 艙室 / 舱室 (cāngshì)
* 芝蘭之室 / 芝兰之室
* 茅室土階 / 茅室土阶
* 茶室 (cháshì)
* 蓬室居
* 藏室史
* 蘭室 / 兰室
* 蘭臺石室 / 兰台石室
* 蘭芷之室 / 兰芷之室
* 處室 / 处室
* 虛室 / 虚室 (xūshì)
* 虛室生白 / 虚室生白
* 蠶室 / 蚕室
* 衢室之問 / 衢室之问
* 記室 / 记室 (jìshì)
* 試驗室 / 试验室
* 請室 / 请室 (qīngshì)
* 調度室 / 调度室
* 調理室 / 调理室
* 貳室 / 贰室
* 貯藏室 / 贮藏室
* 起居室 (qǐjūshì)
* 辦公室 / 办公室 (bàngōngshì)
* 退室
* 郟室 / 郏室
* 金匱石室 / 金匮石室
* 錄音室 / 录音室
* 閱覽室 / 阅览室 (yuèlǎnshì)
* 闢室 / 辟室
* 陋室
* 陋室銘 / 陋室铭
* 陰室 / 阴室
* 陳蕃一室 / 陈蕃一室
* 隔音室
* 靜室 / 静室
* 髓室
* 鬼瞰其室
* 鼓室 (gǔshì)

### References

* ↑ Schuessler, Axel (2007) ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese‎, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, page 466

### Further reading

* “室”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* room

#### Readings

* Go-on: しち (shichi)
* Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: むろ (muro, 室, Jōyō)、いえ (ie, 室)、さや (saya, 室)、へや (heya, 室)、つま (tsuma, 室)
* Nanori: や (ya)

#### Compounds

* 教(きょう)室(しつ) (kyōshitsu, “classroom”)
* 記(き)室(しつ) (kishitsu)
* 室外(しつがい) (shitsugai, “outside a room, outdoor”):
* 室内(しつない) (shitsunai, “inside a room, indoor”):
* 寝室(しんしつ) (shinshitsu, “bedroom”):
* 霊安室(れいあんしつ) (reianshitsu, “morgue”):

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 室
* むろ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) むろ [mùróꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [mɯ̟ɾo̞]

#### Noun

室(むろ) • (muro)
* cellar; storage chamber
* an ancient type of pithouse

##### Derived terms

* 氷室(ひむろ) (himuro)
* 室町(むろまち) (Muromachi)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 室
* しつ Grade: 2
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 室 (MC syit).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しつ [shìtsúꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ɕi̥t͡sɨ]

#### Noun

室(しつ) • (shitsu)
* room

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 室 (MC syit).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 시ᇙ〮 (Yale: sílq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 실〮 (síl)$^訓$ (Yale: síl) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 실 ( sil)$^訓$ (Yale: sil) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɕʰiɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [실]

### Hanja

Wikisource 室 (eumhun 집 실 (jip sil))
* hanja form of 실 (“room”)

#### Compounds

* 객실 (客室, gaeksil)
* 거실 (居室, geosil)
* 과학실 (科學室, gwahaksil)
* 교실 (敎室, gyosil)
* 내실 (內室, naesil)
* 별실 (別室, byeolsil)
* 빙실 (氷室, bingsil)
* 사무실 (事務室, samusil)
* 석실 (石室, seoksil)
* 실내 (室內, sillae)
* 암실 (暗室, amsil)
* 왕실 (王室, wangsil)
* 정실 (正室, jeongsil)
* 측실 (側室, cheuksil)
* 침실 (寢室, chimsil)
* 탈의실 (脫衣室, taruisil)
* 화장실 (化粧室, hwajangsil)
* 황실 (皇室, hwangsil)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

室: Hán Nôm readings: thất
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.