# قلعه
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian قلعه (qal'e), from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).

### Noun

قلعه • (kalʼa or kalʼe) (definite accusative قلعه‌یی (kalʼeyi), plural قلاع (kılâʼ))
* fortress, stronghold, citadel, castle, a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town
    Synonyms: حصار (hisar), حصن (hısn), دز (diz), قسطل (kastel), كرمان (kerman)
* (military) square, a body of troops drawn up in a square formation, used in combat by infantry units

#### Derived terms

* ایچ قلعه (iç kalʼe, “the keep of a fortress”)
* باش قلعه (baş kalʼe, “Başkale, a district in Turkey”)
* بوغاز قلعه (boğaz kalʼe, “Boğazkale, a district in Turkey”)
* طوپراق قلعه (toprak kalʼe, “Toprakkale, a district in Turkey”)
* قریق قلعه (kırık kalʼe, “Kırıkkale, a city in Turkey”)
* قلعه آغاسی (kalʼe ağası, “castellan”)
* قلعه آلتی (kalʼe altı, “esplanade outside a castle”)
* قلعه اولمق (kalʼe olmak, “for troops, to be formed in a square”)
* قلعه ایتمك (kalʼe etmek, “to form troops into a square”)
* قلعه برجی (kalʼe burcu, “tower of a castle”)
* قلعه بند (kalʼe bend, “confined in a fortress”)
* قلعه دیواری (kalʼe duvarı, “rampart”)
* قلعه سپری (kalʼe seperi, “parapet of a fort”)
* قلعه طوپی (kalʼe topu, “heavy gun placed on forts”)
* قلعه كبی (kalʼe gibi, “as firm as a castle”)
* قلعه میدانی (kalʼe meydanı, “terreplein”)
* قلعه‌دار (kalʼedar, “castellan”)
* پاموق قلعه (pamuk kalʼe, “Pamukkale, a district in Turkey”)
* چناق قلعه (çanak kalʼe, “Çanakkale, a city in Turkey”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kale
* → Albanian: kala
* → Armenian: խալէ (xalē), ղալա (ġala), կալա (kala)
* → Bulgarian: кале́ (kalé)
* → Macedonian: кале (kale)
* → Ubykh: ӄ'ала (q̣ala)

### Proper noun

قلعه • (kalʼe)
* Kale (a town and district in Denizli province, Turkey)
    Synonym: قلعهٔ طواس (kalʼe-i tavas) (historical)
* Kale (a town and district in Malatya province, Turkey)
    Synonym: آشاغی مستیكان (aşağı mestikân) (historical)
* (now historical) Synonym of دمره (demre)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Kale

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “قلعه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 530
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kale1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2351
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “kal'a”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 580
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قلعه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 968
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Castellum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 158
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قلعة”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3748
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kale”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قلعه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1469
* Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Kale”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎, 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 404

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [qal.ˈʔa]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qäl.ʔǽ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [qäl.ʔǽ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [qä.lɑ́ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [qä.lǽ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qæl.ʔé]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [qäl.ʔǽ]

### Noun

قَلعه • (qal'e) (plural قَلعه‌ها (qal'e-hâ) or قِلاع (qelâ'))
* castle
    Synonym: قصر (qasr)
* fortress, stronghold
    Synonym: دژ (dež)
* citadel
    Synonym: ارگ (arg)
* (chess) castle (rook)
    Synonym: رخ (rox)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: qala
* → Bashkir: ҡала (qala)
* → Bengali: কেল্লা (kella)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: क़िला (qilā)
    Urdu: قِلْعَہ (qil'a)
*   * → English: qila
*   * → Shina: قلعہ (qilla)
* → Kazakh: қала (qala)
* → Kyrgyz: калаa (kalaa)
* → Marathi: किल्ला (killā)
* → Tajik: қалъа (qalʾa)
* → Tatar: кала (qala)
* → Turkmen: gala
* → Uzbek: qalʼa
* → Ottoman Turkish: قلعه (kalʼa, kalʼe)
** Turkish: kale
** → Albanian: kala
** → Armenian: խալէ (xalē), ղալա (ġala), կալա (kala)
** → Bulgarian: кале́ (kalé)
** → Macedonian: кале (kale)
** → Ubykh: ӄ'ала (q̣ala)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਲ੍ਹਾ (kilhā)
    Shahmukhi script: قلعہ (qila)
* → Uyghur: قەلئە (qel'e)

### See also

Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text) :
| شاه (šâh) | وزیر (vazir), فرزین (farzin) | رخ (rox), قلعه (qal'e) | فیل (fil) | اسب (asb) | پیاده (piyâde), سرباز (sarbâz) |