# كتب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Semitic *katab-, but the sense "to write" has long been considered a borrowing from another Central Semitic language, perhaps denominally from كِتَاب (kitāb).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.ta.ba/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

كَتَبَ • (kataba) I (non-past يَكْتُبُ (yaktubu), verbal noun كِتَابَة (kitāba) or كَتْب (katb) or كِتَاب (kitāb)) (transitive)
* to mark (symbols, shapes, graphs, glyphs, letters, and the like) on a surface, to write, to inscribe
** to draw (figures)
    Synonyms: رَسَمَ (rasama, “to draw (a shape or a letter)”), خَطَّ (ḵaṭṭa, “to handwrite”)
    Hyponym: حَبَرَ (ḥabara, “to ink”)
** to cut (figures)
    Synonym: نَقَشَ (naqaša, “to inscribe by carving, to engrave, to etch”)
* to produce or generate by writing
** to write up, to compose, to draw up, to draft
    Synonyms: أَنْشَأَ (ʔanšaʔa, “to compose”), سَطَرَ (saṭara, “to line; to write”)
    Hyponyms: أَلَّفَ (ʔallafa, “to author”), صَنَّف (ṣannaf, “to compile; to compose”), نَظَمَ (naẓama, “to compose (rhyming and metrical verse)”)
** to set down figures with a typewriter or a keyboard, to typewrite or keyboard, to type
* to put down in writing, to write down; to record; to register; to track
    Synonym: سَجَّلَ (sajjala, “to record, to register; to account for”)
    Hyponyms: أَحْصَى (ʔaḥṣā, “to record or enumerate in writing or otherwise”), أَرَّخَ (ʔarraḵa, “to chronicle, to historize”)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:81:وَٱللَّهُ يَكْتُبُ مَا يُبَيِّتُونَ فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِwa-llahu yaktubu mā yubayyitūna faʔaʕriḍ ʕanhum wa-tawakkal ʕalā llahiBut God records what they scheme by night; so turn away from them and rely upon Allah.
** to write down (an event, such as a destiny or a fatality); to destine or predestine; to foreordain
    Synonym: قَدَّرَ (qaddara)
*** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 9:51:قُل لَنْ يُصِيبَنَا إِلَّا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَنَاqul lan yuṣībanā ʔillā mā kataba llahu lanāSay "Never will we be struck except by what Allah has decreed for us..."
** to write down (an ordinance, a law, a commandment, or the like); to prescribe
*** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 5:32:مِنْ أَجْلِ ذٰلِكَ كَتَبْنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّهُ مَن قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعًاmin ʔajli ḏālika katabnā ʕalā banī ʔisrāʔīla ʔannahu man qatala nafsan biḡayri nafsin ʔaw fasādin fī l-ʔarḍi fakaʔannamā qatala n-nāsa jamīʕan wa-man ʔaḥyāhā fakaʔannamā ʔaḥyā n-nāsa jamīʕanBecause of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption in the land; it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one: it is as if he had saved mankind entirely.
** to bequeath
*** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 5:21:يَا قَوْمِ ٱدْخُلُوا ٱلْأَرْضَ ٱلْمُقَدَّسَةَ ٱلَّتِي كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلَا تَرْتَدُّوا عَلَى أَدْبَارِكُمْ فَتَنْقَلِبُوا خَاسِرِينَyā qawmi dḵulū l-ʔarḍa l-muqaddasata llatī kataba l-lahu lakum wa-lā tartaddū ʕalā ʔadbārikum fatanqalibū ḵāsirīnaO my people, enter the Holy Land that Allah has assigned to you and do not turn back and become losers.

##### Descendants

* > Cypriot Arabic: kitep (inherited)

#### Noun

كَتْب • (katb) m
* verbal noun of كَتَبَ (kataba)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Form-II causative of كَتَبَ (kataba, “to write”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kat.ta.ba/

#### Verb

كَتَّبَ • (kattaba) II (non-past يُكَتِّبُ (yukattibu), verbal noun تَكْتِيب (taktīb))
* (transitive, causative) to cause to write, to make someone write
* to deploy in squadrons

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ku.tub/

#### Noun

كُتُب • (kutub) m pl
* plural of كِتَاب (kitāb)

##### Descendants

* → Basque: kutun, gutun

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ki.taːb/

#### Noun

كِتٰب • (kitāb) m (plural كُتُب (kutub))
* Classical Arabic spelling of كِتَاب (kitāb)

##### Declension
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “كتب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
* Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 248

## Chadian Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic كَتَبَ (kataba).

#### Verb

كتب • (katab) I (non-past يكتب (yaktib))
* to write

### Etymology 2

From Arabic كَتَّبَ (kattaba).

#### Verb

كتب • (kattab) II (non-past يكتب (yikattib))
* to cause someone to write
* to teach someone to write

### Etymology 3

From Arabic كَتْب (katb).

#### Noun

كتب • (katib) m
* writing

### References

* Heath, Judith, Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021) Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎ (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 75
* Pommerol, Patrice Jullien de (1999) Dictionnaire Arabe Tchadien ~ Français (in French), Éditions Karthala, →ISBN, pages 713, 714, 716

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَتَبَ (kataba).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

كتب • (katab) I (non-past يكتب (yiktib), verbal noun كتابة (kitāba) or كتب (katb) or كتبان (katabān))
* to write

#### Conjugation

$^1$ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

### References

* Hinds, Martin, Badawi, El-Said (1986) “كتب”, in A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic‎, Beirut: Librairie du Liban, page 733

## Iraqi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كتب.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ki.tab/

### Verb

كتب (kitab) I (non-past يكتب (yiktib))
* to write

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of كتب (kitab) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | كتبت (kitabit) | كتبت (kitabit) | كتب (kitab) | كتبنا (kitabna) | كتبتو (kitabtu) | كتبو (kitbaw) |
| past | f | كتبت (kitabit) | كتبتي (kitabti) | كتبت (kitbat) | كتبنا (kitabna) | كتبتن (kitabtan) | كتبن (kitban) |
| present | m | أكتب (ʔaktib) | تكتب (tiktib) | يكتب (yiktib) | نكتب (niktib) | تكتبون (tkitbūn) | يكتبون (yktibūn) |
| present | f | أكتب (ʔaktib) | تكتبين (tkitbīn) | تكتب (tiktib) | نكتب (niktib) | تكتبن (tkitban) | يكتبن (ykitban) |
| imperative | m | | اكتب (iktib) | | | اكتبو (ikitbu) | |
| imperative | f | | اكتبي (ikitbi) | | | اكتبن (ikitban) | |

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَتَبَ (kataba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ktab/

### Verb

كتب • (ktab) I (non-past يكتُب (yiktub) or يكتَب (yiktab))
* to write
    كتب تلميدي مقال زوين على الحروب الأهلية اللي داز بيها المغرب فالماضي.ktab talmīdi maqāl zwīn ʕla l-ḥurūb el-ʔayliyya lli dāz bīha l-maḡrib f-el-māḍiMy student wrote an essay about the civil wars that took place in Morocco in the past
* to destine or predestine
    كتب له الله جوج دراري. ― ktab lu llāh jūj drāri. ― God predestined him two kids

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.
This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic كَتَبَ (kataba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.tab/, [ˈka.tab]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

كتب • (katab) I (present بكتب (bikteb, buktob), active participle كاتب (kāteb))
* to write
    كتبت لأهلي. ― katabt la-ʔahli. ― I wrote to my parents.
    اكتبلي ايّاه على ورقة.uktubli yyāh ʕala waraʔa.Write it down for me on [a sheet of] paper.