# Irish
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English Irish (12th c.), from Old English *Īrisċ, from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Irish Éire (“Ireland”)), further origin heavily debated but probably from Proto-Celtic *Φīweriyū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *péyh₂wr̥ (“fat, swelling”), from *peyh₂- (“to swell; to be fat”), akin to Ancient Greek πίειρα (píeira, “fertile land”), Sanskrit पीवरी (pīvarī, “fat”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* enPR: ī'rĭsh, IPA: /ˈaɪɹɪʃ/
* enPR: īə'rĭsh, IPA: /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ/
* (weak vowel merger) IPA: /ˈaɪɹəʃ/
* Hyphenation: Ir‧ish

### Proper noun

Irish
* (uncountable) The Gaelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic.
    Irish is the first official and national language of Ireland.
* (as plural) The Irish people.
    Many Irish are actually darkhaired as a result of the many invaders and migrants over the centuries.
** 2015 March 1, “Infrastructure”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 2, episode 4, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:America used to love dams... Yes, and we built those dams with ingenuity and brawn and, of course, piles and piles of dead Irish.
* A surname originating as an ethnonym.
* A female given name of chiefly Philippine usage.

#### Usage notes

* Use Irishman, Irishwoman, Irish person, etc for one singular person.

#### Derived terms

* black Irish
* Connacht Irish
* Irish English
* Munster Irish
* Scotch Irish
* Scotch-Irish
* Scots-Irish
* smoked Irish
* Ulster Irish

#### Translations
### Noun

Irish (countable and uncountable, plural Irish or Irishes)
* (uncountable, obsolete) A board game of the tables family.
* (uncountable, US) Temper; anger, passion.
** 1834, David Crockett, A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett, Nebraska, published 1987, page 65:But her Irish was up too high to do any thing with her, and so I quit trying.
** 1947, Hy Heath, John Lange, Clancy Lowered the Boom:Whenever he got his Irish up, Clancy lowered the boom.
** 1997, Andrew M. Greeley, Irish Lace, page 296:The Priest is as fierce a fighter as I am when he gets his Irish up.
* (countable, uncountable) Whiskey, or whisky, elaborated in Ireland.
** 1889, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat […] ‎:Harris said he'd had enough oratory for one night, and proposed that we should go out and have a smile, saying that he had found a place, round by the square, where you could really get a drop of Irish worth drinking.

#### Derived terms

* bicycle Irish

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Adjective

Irish (comparative more Irish, superlative most Irish)
* Pertaining to or originating from Ireland or the Irish people.
    Sheep are typical in the Irish landscape.
** 1992 April 26, “Hot Off the Press”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 3, Episode 5:A. Fink-Nottle: But it's absolute balderdash, Bertie. I mean, listen to this: "Sure and begorrah, I don't know what's after being the matter with you, Michael." I mean, what on earth is this "what's after being" stuff mean? B.W. Wooster: My dear old Gussie, that is how people think Irish people talk.
* Pertaining to the Irish language.
* (derogatory) nonsensical, daft or complex.
** 1995, Irving Lewis Allen, The City in Slang: New York Life and Popular Speech:The slur continued with Irish confetti, a popular term for paving stones or Belgian bricks that were laid in New York streets beginning about 1832.

#### Derived terms

* Irish blight
* Irish Blue
* Irish Blue Terrier
* Irish bouzouki
* Irish coffee
* Irish cream
* Irish diamond
* Irish exit
* Irish goodbye
* Irish harp
* Irish hospitality
* Irish joke
* Irish linen
* Irishly
* Irish mile
* Irish question
* Irish soda bread
* Irishtown
* Irish twin
* Irish up
* Irish water spaniel
* Irish wolfhound
* Northern Irish
* weep Irish

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* Erse
* Gaelic
* Wiktionary’s coverage of Irish terms
* Appendix:Irish Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in Irish

### Further reading

* Irish–English Dictionary: from Webster’s Dictionary — the Rosetta Edition.
* ISO 639-1 code ga, ISO 639-3 code gle (SIL)
* Ethnologue entry for Irish, gle ⁠

### Anagrams

* Rishi, rishi, sirih

## Cebuano
### Etymology 1

From English Irish, from Middle English Irisce, from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Éire (“Ireland”)), from Proto-Celtic *Īwerjū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *pi-wer- (“fertile”), from *peyH- (literally “fat”).

#### Proper noun

Irish
* the Goidelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic

#### Noun

Irish
* an Irishman or Irishwoman

#### Adjective

Irish
* pertaining to or originating from Ireland or the Irish people
* pertaining to the Irish language

### Etymology 2

From English Irish. Also a corruption of Iris.

#### Proper noun

Irish
* a female given name from English

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* Irishe, Irisse, Ireshe

### Etymology

From Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Irish Éire (“Ireland”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiːriʃ/

### Noun

Irish (uncountable)
* Irish

#### Descendants

* English: Irish
* Yola: Eeerish, Eerish

#### References

* “Īrish, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.