# 方向
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fāngxiàng
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fang$^1$ xiang$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^1$ hoeng$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fông-hiong
    (Hailu, HRS): fong$^ˋ$ hiong$^ˇ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): huŏng-hióng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng$^1$ hyong$^4$ / horng$^1$ hyeng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hong-hiòng / hong-hiàng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^1$ hiang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fāngxiàng → fāngxiang (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ ㄒㄧㄤˋ → ㄈㄤ ˙ㄒㄧㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fangsiång
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^1$-hsiang$^5$
*** Yale: fāng-syang
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fang.shianq
*** Palladius: фансян (fansjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/ → /fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: fang$^1$ xiang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fangxiang
*** Sinological IPA : /faŋ⁵⁵ ɕiaŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^1$ hoeng$^3$
*** Yale: fōng heung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^1$ hoeng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^1$ hêng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ hœːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông-hiong
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong$^ˊ$ hiong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fong$^1$ hiong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hi̯oŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong$^ˋ$ hiong$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ⁵³ hioŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huŏng-hióng
*** Sinological IPA : /huoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(h-)}$ŋyɔŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: horng$^1$ hyong$^4$ [Phonetic: horng$^2$ hyong$^4$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ho̤ng-hio̤̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ hyɒŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: horng$^1$ hyeng$^4$ [Phonetic: horng$^2$ hyeng$^4$]
*** Sinological IPA : /hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ hyøŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-hiòng
*** Tâi-lô: hong-hiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: honghioxng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ hiɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-hiàng
*** Tâi-lô: hong-hiàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: honghiaxng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^1$ hiang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang hiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ³³⁻²³ hiaŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: pjang xjangH
Rime :
| Character | 方 | 向 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 府良切 | 許亮切 |
| Baxter | pjang | xjangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐŋ/ | /hɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐŋ/ | /hiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɑŋ/ | /xiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puaŋ/ | /hɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuaŋ/ | /xiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwaŋ/ | /xĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /piwaŋ/ | /xi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fāng | xiàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^1$ | hoeng$^3$ |

### Noun

方向
* direction; orientation
    研究方向 ― yánjiū fāngxiàng ― research direction
    轉換方向／转换方向 ― zhuǎnhuàn fāngxiàng ― to change direction
       Nǐ yào cháo nà ge fāngxiàng zǒu. [Pinyin]
       You need to go in that direction.
       Tā cháo nǎ ge fāngxiàng qù le? [Pinyin]
       Which way did she go?
* (figuratively, by extension) course; goal or trend of events
       Zhè yī yàng chē xiàng wǒmen zhǎnshì le wèilái qìchē de fāzhǎn fāngxiàng. [Pinyin]
       This concept shows us the direction of future car development.
       Yǒurén jiànyì tā yào fēnsàn tóuzī fāngxiàng. [Pinyin]
       He was advised to diversify his investments.

#### Synonyms

* (direction): 方位 (fāngwèi), 指向 (zhǐxiàng), 走向 (zǒuxiàng)
* (course):
* 傾向 / 倾向
* 動向 / 动向 (dòngxiàng)
* 取向 (qǔxiàng)
* 意味 (yìwèi)
* 潮流 (cháoliú)
* 苗頭 / 苗头 (miáotou)
* 走向 (zǒuxiàng)
* 趨勢 / 趋势 (qūshì)
* 趨向 / 趋向 (qūxiàng)

#### Derived terms

* 大方向 (dàfāngxiàng)
* 掌方向盤的 / 掌方向盘的
* 方向感 (fāngxiànggǎn)
* 方向盤 / 方向盘 (fāngxiàngpán)
* 方向舵 (fāngxiàngduò)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 方向(ほうこう) (hōkō)
* → Korean: 방향(方向) (banghyang)
* → Vietnamese: phương hướng (方向)

#### See also

* 方面 (fāngmiàn)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 方 | 向 |
| ほう Grade: 2 | こう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 方向 (MC pjang xjangH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーこー [hòókóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːko̞ː]

### Noun

方(ほう)向(こう) • (hōkō)
* direction; heading
* course (in life etc.), goal
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    内緒(ないしょ)の方向(ほうこう)でお願(ねが)いします。
       Naisho no hōkō de o-negai shimasu.
       Keep it a secret, please.

#### Synonyms

* (direction): 方角(ほうがく) (hōgaku), 方(ほう) (hō)
* (course): 方針(ほうしん) (hōshin), 目当(めあ)て (meate)

#### Derived terms

* 方向音痴(ほうこうおんち) (hōkōonchi)

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 方 | 向 |

### Noun

方向 • (banghyang) (hangeul 방향)
* hanja form of 방향 (“direction; orientation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 方 | 向 |

### Noun

方向
* chữ Hán form of phương hướng (“direction”).