# під-
## Ukrainian
### Alternative forms

* піді- (pidi-) — before certain consonant clusters

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ-; see *podъ for further information.

### Pronunciation

* під-: IPA: [pʲid ] (before vowels and voiced consonants)
* под-: IPA: [pʲit ] (before voiceless consonants)
* пі́д-: IPA: [ˈpid ] (when stressed, before vowels and voiced consonants)
* по́д-: IPA: [ˈpit ] (when stressed, before voiceless consonants)

### Prefix

під- • (pid-)
* (used with verbs) upwards (describing an action of moving from the bottom up)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎кинути pf (kynuty, “to throw”) → ‎підкинути pf (pidkynuty, “to throw upwards”)
* (used with verbs) closer (describing an action of approaching to an entity)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎йти́ impf (jtý, “to go (by walking)”) → ‎підійти́ pf (pidijtý, “to walk up to, to approach (by walking)”)
* (used with verbs) adding (describing an action of adding more entity)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎-ба́вити (-bávyty) → ‎підба́вити pf (pidbávyty, “to add, replenish”)
* (used with verbs) (describing a meaning that shows a finished action or an obtainment of a result)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎стригти impf (stryhty, “to cut”) → ‎підстри́гти pf (pidstrýhty, “to cut up”)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to write”) → ‎підписа́ти pf (pidpysáty, “to sign, to subscribe (in the sense of writing one's name with a result)”)
* (used with verbs) (describing an action of copying or following someone's action)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎да (da, “yes”) + ‎-к (-k, suffix forming verbs from expressions) + ‎-увати (-uvaty, imperfectivizing suffix) → ‎підда́кувати impf (piddákuvaty, “to say yes, to assent (in the sense echoing "yes")”)
* (used with verbs) (describing an existence of the certain action that is weak, invisible, hidden or incomplete)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎втомитись pf (vtomytysʹ, “to get tired”) → ‎підвтомитись pf (pidvtomytysʹ, “to get tired slightly or lightly”)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎слати pf (slaty, “to send, dispatch”) → ‎підісла́ти pf (pidisláty, “to send something (secretly)”)

### Prefix

під- • (pid-)
* takes nouns, produces nouns or adjectives: under-, sub- (referring to literal position under something, being under the influence of something, occupying a title or position below a superior, etc.)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎земля́ (zemljá, “ground”) + ‎-ний (-nyj) → ‎підзе́мний (pidzémnyj, “underground”)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎гру́па (hrúpa, “group”) → ‎підгру́па (pidhrúpa, “subgroup”)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎влада (vlada, “authority, control”) + ‎-ний (-nyj) → ‎підвла́дний (pidvládnyj, “subjected, dependant”)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎Карпа́ти (Karpáty, “Carpathians (mountains)”) + ‎-тя (-tja) → ‎Підкарпа́ття (Pidkarpáttja, “Subcarpathia (region surrounding the Carpathian mountains)”)
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎ма́йстриня (májstrynja, “master (feminine)”) + ‎підмайстри́ня (pidmajstrýnja) → ‎[Term?] (“apprentice (female)”)
* takes adjectives, produces adverbs: completely
    ‎під- (pid-) + ‎чи́стий (čýstyj, “clean”) + ‎-у́ (-ú, feminine accusative ending) → ‎підчисту́ (pidčystú, “without remainder”)

#### Usage notes

* In the meaning of closer, only use під- when the subject is in the sight range of the object of interest, and then moves even closer towards it.
   * Я підійшла́ до па́м'ятника.Ja pidijšlá do pámʺjatnyka.I walked up to the statue.(I already was in the same room or space with it, and then walked closer to it.)
   * Я прийшла́ до па́м'ятника.Ja pryjšlá do pámʺjatnyka.I arrived at the statue.(I came to the statue from somewhere further.)

#### Antonyms

* від- (vid-)

#### Related terms

* під (pid)