# 金星
## Chinese

* 金星

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Jīnxīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^1$ sing$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Kîm-sên
* Eastern Min (BUC): Gĭng-sĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Kim-chhiⁿ / Kim-chheⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gim$^1$ cên$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$cin-shin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Jīnxīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jinsing
*** Wade–Giles: Chin$^1$-hsing$^1$
*** Yale: Jīn-syīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jinshing
*** Palladius: Цзиньсин (Czinʹsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^1$ sing$^1$
*** Yale: gām sīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^1$ sing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^1$ xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kîm-sên
*** Hakka Romanization System: gim$^ˊ$ sen$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gim$^1$ sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Gĭng-sĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$niŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kim-chhiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Kim-tshinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kimchvy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kim³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kim-chheⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Kim-tshenn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kimzhvef
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gim$^1$ cên$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kim tsheⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /kim³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$cin-shin
*** MiniDict: cin$^平$ shin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$jin-xin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kim seng
Rime :
| Character | 金 | 星 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 居吟切 | 桑經切 |
| Baxter | kim | seng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiɪm/ | /seŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚim/ | /seŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiem/ | /sɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjim/ | /sɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kjəm/ | /seŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭĕm/ | /sieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯əm/ | /sieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīn | xīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^1$ | sing$^1$ |

### Proper noun

金星
* Venus (planet)

#### Synonyms

* 啟明／启明 (qǐmíng)
* 太白星 (Tàibáixīng)
* 太白金星
* (Wu) 黃昏星／黄昏星

#### Derived terms

* 太白金星
* 金星人 (jīnxīngrén)

#### Descendants

* → Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽺 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 (ʾʾltwn ywltwz /⁠Altun yultuz⁠/) (calque)

#### See also

* planets of the Solar System: 太陽系的行星, 太阳系的行星: 水星 (Shuǐxīng) · 金星 (Jīnxīng) · 地球 (Dìqiú) · 火星 (Huǒxīng) · 木星 (Mùxīng) · 土星 (Tǔxīng) · 天王星 (Tiānwángxīng) · 海王星 (Hǎiwángxīng)

### Noun

金星
* golden star
* star (that one sees from blows to the head, etc.)

#### Derived terms

* 冒金星兒 / 冒金星儿
* 滿眼金星 / 满眼金星
* 金星果 (jīnxīngguǒ)
* 金星紅旗 / 金星红旗 (jīnxīng hóngqí)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 金 | 星 |
| きん Grade: 1 | せい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 金星 (MC kim seng, “metal star; Venus”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんせー [kìńséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲĩɰ̃se̞ː]

#### Proper noun

金(きん)星(せい) • (Kinsei)
* (astronomy) Venus (planet)

##### Synonyms

* 金(きん)曜(よう) (Kin'yō) (archaic)

##### Derived terms

* 金(きん)星(せい)丘(きゅう) (Kinsei kyū): (palmistry) a mount of Venus
* 金(きん)星(せい)草(そう) (Kinsei sō): “Venus grass”: alternate name for 栗(クリ)葉(ハ)欄(ラン) (kuriha ran), a type of fern of genus Neocheiropteris; alternate name for 三(ミツ)手(デ)裏(ウラ)星(ボシ) (mitsude uraboshi), a type of fern of genus Selliguea

##### See also

* planets of the Solar System: 太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい)の惑(わく)星(せい) (Taiyōkei no wakusei): 水(すい)星(せい) (Suisei) · 金(きん)星(せい) (Kinsei) · 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū) · 火(か)星(せい) (Kasei) · 木(もく)星(せい) (Mokusei) · 土(ど)星(せい) (Dosei) · 天(てん)王(のう)星(せい) (Tennōsei) · 海(かい)王(おう)星(せい) (Kaiōsei)
* ビーナス (Bīnasu): Venus, the Roman goddess

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 金 | 星 |
| きん Grade: 1 | ほし > ぼし Grade: 2 |
| jūbakoyomi ||
Compound of 金 (kin, “gold”) +‎ 星 (hoshi, “star”). The hoshi changes to boshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんぼし [kíꜜǹbòshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲĩmbo̞ɕi]

#### Noun

金(きん)星(ぼし) • (kinboshi)
* (sumo) a win by a rikishi of the lower maegashira rank over a yokozuna
* (sumo) a gold star mark displayed on the name and ranking board at a sumo competition indicating such a win
* (figurative) a great deed

##### See also

* 銀(きん)星(ぼし) (kinboshi, “ginboshi”): (sumo) a win by a rikishi of the lower maegashira rank over an ōzeki; a silver star

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 金 | 星 |

### Proper noun

金星 • (Geumseong) (hangeul 금성)
* hanja form of 금성 (“Venus”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 金 | 星 |

### Proper noun

金星
* chữ Hán form of Kim tinh (“Venus”).