# rage
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹeɪd͡ʒ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪdʒ

### Etymology 1

From Middle English rage, from Anglo-Norman rage, from Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs (“anger, fury”). Doublet of rabies.
Displaced native Middle English wode, from Old English wōd ("madness, fury, rage"; compare Modern dialectal English wood (“mad, insane, furious, raging”)); and Middle English hotherte (“anger”), from Old English hātheort (“fury, anger, wrath, rage”).

#### Noun

rage (countable and uncountable, plural rages)
* Violent uncontrolled anger.
** 1697, [William] Congreve, The Mourning Bride, a Tragedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act III, page 39:Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn'd, / Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman ſcorn'd.
** 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:They burned the old gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.
* A current fashion or fad.
    Miniskirts were all the rage back then.
** 1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:But the rage of travelling is a symptom of a deeper unsoundness affecting the whole intellectual action.
** 1864, Samuel Greatheed, Daniel Parken, Theophilus Williams, The Eclectic Review (volume 7? volume 120? page 130)
    This rage for boulevardizing has destroyed the quaint, queer, pestilential streets of old Paris, through which it was our pleasure to wander many years since.
* (slang, US, Australia, New Zealand) An exciting and boisterous party.
** 2013, Larry M. Edwards, Dare I Call It Murder?: A Memoir of Violent Loss, San Diego, C.A.: Wigeon Publishing, →ISBN, page 95:That evening, Felix and Trish Homer invited me to the Sundancer for "a bit of a rage."
    Synonym: rager
* (obsolete) Any vehement passion.
** 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet XVII”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:And your true rights be termed a poet's rage
** 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:in great rage of pain
** 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, chapter 6, in The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:convulsed with a rage of grief
** 1856 December, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Samuel Johnson”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:He appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.

##### Synonyms

* fury
* ire
* apoplexy

##### Derived terms

* air rage
* all the rage
* black rage defense
* blind rage
* computer rage
* dage
* day of rage, Day of Rage
* desk rage
* fly into a rage
* paradoxical rage reaction
* pavement rage
* rageaholic
* ragebait
* rage boner
* rage clean
* rage comic
* rage farm
* rageful
* rage game
* rageless
* ragelike
* ragequit
* rage quit
* rage quitter
* rager
* rage room
* rage syndrome
* ragetweet
* ragey
* road rage
* roid rage
* 'roid rage
* trolley rage
* unrage
* work rage
* wrap rage

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English ragen, from Old French rager, ragier, from the noun (see above).
Displaced native Middle English weden (“to rage with anger”), from Old English wēdan (“to rage”), among other synonyms.

#### Verb

rage (third-person singular simple present rages, present participle raging, simple past and past participle raged)
* (intransitive) To act or speak in heightened anger.
** 2019 April 25, Hannah Beech, “Sri Lankan Accused of Leading Attacks Preached Slaughter. Many Dismissed Him.”, in The New York Times‎, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-24:When a Muslim politician held a 50th birthday party, he [Zaharan Hashim] raged about how Western infidel traditions were poisoning his hometown, Kattankudy.
* (sometimes figurative) To move with great violence, as a storm etc.
** 1674, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], 2nd edition, London: […] S[amuel] Simmons […], →OCLC, page 152:Horrible diſcord, and the madding Wheeles / Of brazen Chariots rag'd; dire was the noiſe / Of conflict; over head the diſmal hiſs / Of fiery Darts in flaming volies flew, / And flying vaulted either Hoſt with fire.
** 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. […] Roaring, leaping, pouncing, the tempest raged about the wanderers, drowning and blotting out their forms with sandy spume.
** 1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, chapter 1, in Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC, page 11:The two women murmured over the spirit-lamp, plotting the eternal conspiracy of hush and clean bottles while the wind raged and gave a sudden wrench at the cheap fastenings.
** 2012 November 1, David M. Halbfinger, “New Jersey Continues to Cope With Hurricane Sandy”, in The New York Times‎, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-04:Though the storm raged up the East Coast, it has become increasingly apparent that New Jersey took the brunt of it.
** 2014 June 24, Samuel Gibbs, “Google Glass go on sale in the UK for £1,000”, in The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-24:Debate has raged over whether Glass and smartglasses like it have any viable real-world use cases for consumers, or are more interesting to businesses where workers need hands-free access to information.
** 2016 January 25, Marina Koren, “The East Coast Digs Out”, in The Atlantic‎, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-24:As the storm raged, more than 85 million people—or more than one in every four Americans—were covered by some kind of blizzard or winter-storm advisory on Friday, according to weather.com.
* (slang, US, Australia, New Zealand) To party hard; to have a good time.
** 2012 August 2, Simon Reynolds, quoting Nathan Messer, “How rave music conquered America”, in The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-02-13:These events are all about raging hard, getting as fucked up as you can. Not necessarily even about dancing, just being a face in this giant extravaganza.
* (obsolete, rare) To enrage.
** 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act 2, scene 1], page 28, column 2:The King is come, deale mildly with his youth, / For young hot Colts, being rag'd, do rage the more.

##### Derived terms

* raging agreement
* raging mad
* road-raging

##### Translations
### References

* “rage, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
* “rage, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
* “rage”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “rage n.”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present
* “rage v.”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present

### Anagrams

* Ager, GRAE, Gear, Gera, Rega, ager, areg, gare, gear

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raːɣə/, [ˈʁɑːʊ]

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse raka, from Proto-Germanic *rakōną, cognate with Swedish raka, English rake. Related to *rekaną (“to pile”) and *rakjaną (“to stretch”).

#### Verb

rage (past tense ragede, past participle raget)
* to scrape
* (dated) to shave
    Synonym: barbere

##### Conjugation

activepassive
present
rager
rages
past
ragede
ragedes
infinitive
rage
rages
imperative
rag
participle
present
ragende
past
raget (auxiliary verb have)
gerund
ragen :

##### Derived terms

* ildrager
* kronrage
* rage sammen
* rage til sig
* rage ud
* ragekniv
* ragelse

#### References

* “rage,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Etymology 2

From Middle Low German rāken (“to hit, reach”), from Proto-West Germanic *rakōn. Probably related to the previous verb.

#### Verb

rage (past tense ragede, past participle raget)
* (transitive, usually negated) to concern, to be of (someone's) business
* (transitive) to not concern, to not be any of (someone's) business
** 1967, Christian Kampmann, Sammen, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN:Men det rager mig, hvad folk siger .(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2007, Jonas T. Bengtsson, Submarino, Art People, →ISBN:“Det rager mig, hvad hun har lyst til.”(please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Conjugation

activepassive
present
rager
rages
past
ragede
ragedes
infinitive
rage
rages
imperative
rag
participle
present
ragende
past
raget (auxiliary verb have)
gerund
ragen :

#### References

* “rage,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Etymology 3

From German ragen (“to jut, stick out”), from Proto-Germanic *hragōną, cognate with Old English oferhragan.

#### Verb

rage (past tense ragede, past participle raget)
* to jut, stick out, stand out

##### Conjugation

activepassive
present
rager
rages
past
ragede
ragedes
infinitive
rage
rages
imperative
rag
participle
present
ragende
past
raget (auxiliary verb have)
gerund
ragen :

##### Derived terms

* rage frem
* rage op
* rage ud

#### References

* “rage,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French rage, from Old French rage, from Late Latin rabia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈraː.ʒə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ra‧ge
* Rhymes: -aːʒə

### Noun

rage f or m (plural rages)
* craze, fad, fashion

#### Synonyms

* hype, modegril

#### Derived terms

* Pokémonrage

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English rage.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɑɡe/, [ˈrɑ̝ɡe̞]
* Rhymes: -ɑɡe
* Hyphenation: ra‧ge

### Adjective

rage (comparative ragempi, superlative ragein)
* (colloquial) irritable, prone to anger

#### Declension

Possessive forms of rage (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rageni
rageni
accusative
nom.
rageni
rageni
gen.
rageni
genitive
rageni
ragejeni rageini $^{rare}$
partitive
rageani
ragejani
inessive
ragessani
rageissani
elative
ragestani
rageistani
illative
rageeni
rageihini
adessive
ragellani
rageillani
ablative
rageltani
rageiltani
allative
ragelleni
rageilleni
essive
ragenani
rageinani
translative
ragekseni
rageikseni
abessive
ragettani
rageittani
instructive
comitative
—rageineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ragesi
ragesi
accusative
nom.
ragesi
ragesi
gen.
ragesi
genitive
ragesi
ragejesi rageisi $^{rare}$
partitive
rageasi
ragejasi
inessive
ragessasi
rageissasi
elative
ragestasi
rageistasi
illative
rageesi
rageihisi
adessive
ragellasi
rageillasi
ablative
rageltasi
rageiltasi
allative
ragellesi
rageillesi
essive
ragenasi
rageinasi
translative
rageksesi
rageiksesi
abessive
ragettasi
rageittasi
instructive
comitative
—rageinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ragemme
ragemme
accusative
nom.
ragemme
ragemme
gen.
ragemme
genitive
ragemme
ragejemme rageimme $^{rare}$
partitive
rageamme
ragejamme
inessive
ragessamme
rageissamme
elative
ragestamme
rageistamme
illative
rageemme
rageihimme
adessive
ragellamme
rageillamme
ablative
rageltamme
rageiltamme
allative
ragellemme
rageillemme
essive
ragenamme
rageinamme
translative
rageksemme
rageiksemme
abessive
ragettamme
rageittamme
instructive
comitative
—rageinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ragenne
ragenne
accusative
nom.
ragenne
ragenne
gen.
ragenne
genitive
ragenne
ragejenne rageinne $^{rare}$
partitive
rageanne
ragejanne
inessive
ragessanne
rageissanne
elative
ragestanne
rageistanne
illative
rageenne
rageihinne
adessive
ragellanne
rageillanne
ablative
rageltanne
rageiltanne
allative
ragellenne
rageillenne
essive
ragenanne
rageinanne
translative
rageksenne
rageiksenne
abessive
ragettanne
rageittanne
instructive
comitative
—rageinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ragensa
ragensa
accusative
nom.
ragensa
ragensa
gen.
ragensa
genitive
ragensa
ragejensa rageinsa $^{rare}$
partitive
rageaan rageansa
ragejaan ragejansa
inessive
ragessaan ragessansa
rageissaan rageissansa
elative
ragestaan ragestansa
rageistaan rageistansa
illative
rageensa
rageihinsa
adessive
ragellaan ragellansa
rageillaan rageillansa
ablative
rageltaan rageltansa
rageiltaan rageiltansa
allative
ragelleen ragellensa
rageilleen rageillensa
essive
ragenaan ragenansa
rageinaan rageinansa
translative
ragekseen rageksensa
rageikseen rageiksensa
abessive
ragettaan ragettansa
rageittaan rageittansa
instructive
comitative
—rageineen rageinensa :

### Noun

rage
* (colloquial) anger, rage

#### Declension

Possessive forms of rage (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
rageni
rageni
accusative
nom.
rageni
rageni
gen.
rageni
genitive
rageni
ragejeni rageini $^{rare}$
partitive
rageani
ragejani
inessive
ragessani
rageissani
elative
ragestani
rageistani
illative
rageeni
rageihini
adessive
ragellani
rageillani
ablative
rageltani
rageiltani
allative
ragelleni
rageilleni
essive
ragenani
rageinani
translative
ragekseni
rageikseni
abessive
ragettani
rageittani
instructive
comitative
—rageineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ragesi
ragesi
accusative
nom.
ragesi
ragesi
gen.
ragesi
genitive
ragesi
ragejesi rageisi $^{rare}$
partitive
rageasi
ragejasi
inessive
ragessasi
rageissasi
elative
ragestasi
rageistasi
illative
rageesi
rageihisi
adessive
ragellasi
rageillasi
ablative
rageltasi
rageiltasi
allative
ragellesi
rageillesi
essive
ragenasi
rageinasi
translative
rageksesi
rageiksesi
abessive
ragettasi
rageittasi
instructive
comitative
—rageinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ragemme
ragemme
accusative
nom.
ragemme
ragemme
gen.
ragemme
genitive
ragemme
ragejemme rageimme $^{rare}$
partitive
rageamme
ragejamme
inessive
ragessamme
rageissamme
elative
ragestamme
rageistamme
illative
rageemme
rageihimme
adessive
ragellamme
rageillamme
ablative
rageltamme
rageiltamme
allative
ragellemme
rageillemme
essive
ragenamme
rageinamme
translative
rageksemme
rageiksemme
abessive
ragettamme
rageittamme
instructive
comitative
—rageinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ragenne
ragenne
accusative
nom.
ragenne
ragenne
gen.
ragenne
genitive
ragenne
ragejenne rageinne $^{rare}$
partitive
rageanne
ragejanne
inessive
ragessanne
rageissanne
elative
ragestanne
rageistanne
illative
rageenne
rageihinne
adessive
ragellanne
rageillanne
ablative
rageltanne
rageiltanne
allative
ragellenne
rageillenne
essive
ragenanne
rageinanne
translative
rageksenne
rageiksenne
abessive
ragettanne
rageittanne
instructive
comitative
—rageinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ragensa
ragensa
accusative
nom.
ragensa
ragensa
gen.
ragensa
genitive
ragensa
ragejensa rageinsa $^{rare}$
partitive
rageaan rageansa
ragejaan ragejansa
inessive
ragessaan ragessansa
rageissaan rageissansa
elative
ragestaan ragestansa
rageistaan rageistansa
illative
rageensa
rageihinsa
adessive
ragellaan ragellansa
rageillaan rageillansa
ablative
rageltaan rageltansa
rageiltaan rageiltansa
allative
ragelleen ragellensa
rageilleen rageillensa
essive
ragenaan ragenansa
rageinaan rageinansa
translative
ragekseen rageksensa
rageikseen rageiksensa
abessive
ragettaan ragettansa
rageittaan rageittansa
instructive
comitative
—rageineen rageinensa :

#### Derived terms

* rageta

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *rādica.

### Noun

rage f (plural rages) (ORB, broad)
* root
    Synonym: racena

### References

* rage in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

### Further information

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*radĭca”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 16

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French rage, from Old French rage, from Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁaʒ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

rage f (plural rages)
* rage (fury, anger)
** 1813, Les Attraits de la Morale, Ou la Vertu Parée de Tous Ses Charmes, et l'Art de rendre Heureux ceux qui nous entourent, page 179:“ […] , disoit St. Chrysostôme, […] Un homme en colère se punit le premier, en s’élevant et combattant contre lui-même, et s’enflammant de rage.”" […] , Saint Chrysostom says, […] An angered man punishes himself in the first place, rising and fighting against himself, and catching fire from rage."
* rabies (disease)
** 1935, Revista da produção animal, Instituto de Biologia Animal, page 47:Les chauves-souris Desmodus Rotundus infectéés naturellement transmettent la rage aux animaux.The naturally infected bats Desmodus rotundus transmit rabies to animals.

#### Derived terms

* enrager
* fou de rage
* faire rage
* rage de dents
* rage au volant
* vert de rage

#### Descendants

* → German: Rage

### Further reading

* “rage”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* gare, garé, géra

## German
### Verb

rage
* inflection of ragen:
** first-person singular present
** first/third-person singular subjunctive I
** singular imperative

## Middle French
### Alternative forms

* raige (uncommon)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old French rage, raige, from Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs.

### Noun

rage f (plural rages)
* rage; ire; fury
* rabies (disease)

#### Descendants

* French: rage
** → German: Rage

### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (rage, supplement)

## Norman
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French rage, from Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs (“anger, fury”).

### Noun

rage f (plural rages)
* (Jersey) rabies

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* raige (uncommon)

### Etymology

From Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs.

### Pronunciation

* (classical) IPA: /ˈradʒə/
* (late) IPA: /ˈraʒə/

### Noun

rage oblique singular, f (oblique plural rages, nominative singular rage, nominative plural rages)
* rage; ire; fury

#### Descendants

* Bourguignon: raige, reige
* Franc-Comtois: raidge
* Middle French: rage, raige (uncommon)
** French: rage
*** → German: Rage
* Gallo: raij
* Lorrain: rèdje, rêge
* Norman: rage
* Picard: råjhe
* Poitevin-Saintongeais: rajhe
* Walloon: raedje
* → Middle English: rage
** English: rage
** Scots: rage
* → Sicilian: raggia

## Romanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin, Late Latin ragĕre. Compare French raire, réer; cf. also French railler, Italian ragliare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈra.d͡ʒe]
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

a rage (third-person singular present rage, past participle not used) 3rd conjugation
* (of animals) to roar, howl, bellow

#### Derived terms

* răget

#### See also

* urla, mugi, țipa, zbiera