# earth
## English
### Alternative forms

* airth (chiefly Scotland)
* erd (dialect, rare)
* yearth (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English erthe, from Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō (“dirt, ground, earth”) (compare West Frisian ierde, German Low German Eerd, Dutch aarde, Dutch Low Saxon eerde, German Erde, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian jord), related to *erwô (“earth”) (compare Old High German ero, perhaps Old Norse jǫrfi), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er- (compare Ancient Greek *ἔρα (*éra, “earth”) in ἔραζε (éraze, “to the ground, to earth”), perhaps Tocharian B yare (“gravel”).
Probably unrelated, but of unknown etymology, is Old Armenian երկիր (erkir, “earth”). Likewise, the phonologically similar Proto-Semitic *ʔarṣ́- – whence Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ), Hebrew אֶרֶץ (ʾereṣ) – is probably related.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɜːθ/
** Audio (UK):(file)
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ɝθ/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (New Zealand) IPA: /ɵːθ/
* (Ghana) IPA: /ɜθ/, /ɝθ/
* (Early Modern) IPA: /ɛːrθ/, /ɛrθ/
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)θ

### Proper noun

earth
* Alternative letter-case form of Earth; our planet, third out from the Sun.
    The astronauts saw the earth from the porthole.
** 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 193:We live in the flicker - may it last as long as the old earth keeps rolling!

#### Usage notes

* The names of celestial bodies are usually capitalized (Earth), even when used with the.

#### Translations
### Noun

earth (countable and uncountable, plural earths)
* (uncountable) Soil.
    This is good earth for growing potatoes.
* (uncountable) Any general rock-based material.
    She sighed when the plane's wheels finally touched earth.
* The ground, land (as opposed to the sky or sea).
    Birds are of the sky, not of the earth.
** 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.
* (British) A connection electrically to the earth ((US) ground); on equipment: a terminal connected in that manner.
* The lair or den (as a hole in the ground) of an animal such as a fox.
* A region of the planet; a land or country.
* Worldly things, as against spiritual ones.
* The world of our current life (as opposed to heaven or an afterlife).
** 1819 May, John Keats, “Ode on a Grecian Urn”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], published 1820, →OCLC, stanza 5, page 116:"Beauty is truth, truth beauty,"—that is all / Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.
* (metonymically) The people on the globe.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 11:1, column 2:And the whole earth was of one language, and of one ſpeach.
* Any planet similar to the Earth (our earth): an exoplanet viewed as another earth, or a potential one.
    New space telescopes may accelerate the search for other earths that may be out there.
* (archaic) The human body.
* (alchemy, philosophy and Taoism) The aforementioned soil- or rock-based material, considered one of the four or five classical elements.
* (chemistry, obsolete) Any of certain substances now known to be oxides of metal, which were distinguished by being infusible, and by insolubility in water.

#### Derived terms

* Adamic earth
* Adam's earth
* alkaline earth
* alkaline-earth
* alkaline earth metal
* alkaline-earth metal
* anti-earth
* antiearth
* black earth
* Blue Earth
* Blue Earth County
* Blue Earth River
* bog earth
* bone earth
* Chian earth
* Cologne earth
* come down to earth
* cost the earth
* counter-earth
* dark earth
* dhobi's earth
* diatomaceous earth
* down-to-earth
* down to earth
* Eartha
* earth almond
* earth-apple
* earthapple
* earth art
* earthbag
* earth ball
* earthball
* earthbank
* earthberg
* earthberry
* earth-berry
* earthboard
* earth-born
* earthborn
* earthbound, earth-bound
* earthbred
* earth closet
* earthcreeper
* Earth Day
* earthdin
* earth-diver
* earth divinity
* earth dog
* earth-drake
* earthdrake
* eartheater
* earthen
* earthenware
* earther
* earthfall
* earthfast
* earth-fast
* earthflax
* earth floor
* earth-floor
* earthflow
* earthful
* earth-hog
* earthhog
* earthhole
* earthhood
* earthhouse
* earthish
* earthism
* earthless
* earthlike
* earthling
* earthlore
* earthly
* earthly paradise
* earth metal
* earth mother
* earth-motherly
* earthmover
* earth-moving
* earth moving, earthmoving
* earthness
* earth oil
* earth pea
* earthpea
* earth pig
* earthpig
* earth-pig
* earth pillar
* earth pitch
* earth plate
* earth pond
* earth pyramid
* earthquake
* earthrise
* earth science
* earthscraper
* earthset
* earthshaker
* earthshaking
* earth-shattering
* earthshattering
* earth-shine
* earth-ship
* earthshock
* earth sign
* earthslide
* earth snake
* earthstar
* earth station
* earth-stopping
* earthstorm
* Earth Summit
* earth-tilth
* earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust
* earth tone
* earth-tongue
* earth tongue
* earth tremor
* earth up
* earthward
* earthwards
* earthware
* earthwax
* earth wire
* earthwolf
* earthwork
* earthworm
* earthy
* edge of the earth
* ends of the earth
* flat-earth
* flat earther
* follow someone to the ends of the earth
* Fountains Earth
* from the face of the earth
* fuller's earth
* gall-of-the-earth
* God's green earth
* go the way of all the earth
* go to earth
* go to the ends of the earth
* green earth
* green in earth
* hell on earth
* hollow earther
* inearth
* Japan earth
* Japanese earth
* Kassel earth
* Lemnian earth
* main earth
* man-of-the-earth
* middle-earth
* Middle-earth
* middle earth
* moot earth
* Mother Earth
* move heaven and earth
* nap-of-the-earth
* near-earth
* off the face of the earth
* old earth creationism
* old-earth creationism
* on earth
* on God's green earth
* on the face of the earth
* paradise on earth
* promise the earth
* rammed earth
* rare earth
* rare earth element
* rare-earth element
* rare earth magnet
* rare earth metal
* rare earth mineral
* red earth
* run to earth
* salt of the earth
* Samian earth
* scorched-earth
* scorched earth
* scorched earth policy
* scorched-earth policy
* scum of the earth
* seat earth
* seatearth
* star-of-the-earth
* transearth
* underearth
* unearth
* walker's earth
* yellow earth
* young-earth creationism
* young earth creationism

#### Related terms

* wychert
* yedding

#### Translations

Afar: baaxo
Ainu: アィヌモシㇼ (aynu-mosir)
Aklanon: eugta'
Amharic: መሬት (am) (märet), ምድር (mǝdǝr)
Arabic: أَرْض (ar) f (ʔarḍ)
Egyptian Arabic: أرض f (arḍ)
Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܐܪܥܐ f (ʾarʿā)
Argobba: ምድር (mǝdǝr)
Armenian: հող (hy) (hoġ), գետին (hy) (getin)
Aromanian: pimintu
Azerbaijani: yer (az)
Bashkir: ер (yer)
Belarusian: зямля́ f (zjamljá), су́ша f (súša)
Berber:
Tashelhit: akal m
Binukid: bugta
Bulgarian: земя́ (bg) f (zemjá), су́ша (bg) f (súša)
Buryat: газар (gazar)
Catalan: terra (ca) f
Cebuano: yuta
Central Sierra Miwok: wál·i-
Chamicuro: c̈hijta
Cheyenne: ho'e
Chinese:
Cantonese: 地, 地下 (yue)
Mandarin: 陸地 / 陆地 (zh) (lùdì), 地面 (zh) (dìmiàn)
Czech: země (cs) f
Dalmatian: tara f, tiara f
Danish: jord (da)
Dolgan: һир (hir)
Dutch: aarde (nl), droge land n, land (nl) n
Egyptian: (tꜣ)
Erzya: мастор (mastor), мода (moda)
Esperanto: tero (eo)
Estonian: maa (et)
Even: төр (tör)
Evenki: дуннэ (dunnə)
Faroese: jørð (fo) f
Finnish: maa (fi)
French: terre (fr) f
Friulian: tiere f
Fula: leydi
Galician: terra (gl) f
Ge'ez: ምድር (mədr)
Georgian: მიწა (mic̣a), ნიადაგი (niadagi)
German: Grund (de) m, Erde (de) f, Land (de) n, Boden (de) m, Festland (de) n
Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 f (airþa)
Greek: γη (el) f (gi), γαία (el) f (gaía)
Ancient: γαῖα f (gaîa), γῆ f (gê)
Haida: tllgaay
Haitian Creole: tè
Halkomelem: tém:éxw
Hawaiian: honua
Hebrew: אֶרֶץ (he) f (éretz)
Higaonon: bogta
Hindi: धरती (hi) f (dhartī), ज़मीन (hi) f (zamīn), सरजमीन (hi) f (sarajmīn)
Hungarian: szárazföld (hu)
Ido: sulo (io), tero (io)
Ilocano: daga
Indonesian: darat (id)
Irish: talamh
Istriot: tiera
Italian: terra (it) f
Japanese: 地面 (ja) (じめん, jimen), 大地 (ja) (だいち, daichi)
Javanese: lemah (jv) (ngoko), siti (krama)
Kalmyk: һазр (ğazr)
Kazakh: жер (jer)
Khakas: чир (çir)
Korean: 땅 (ko) (ttang), 대지(大地) (ko) (daeji), 육지(陸地) (ko) (yukji), 륙지(陸地) (ko) (ryukji) (North Korea)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: خاک (ckb) (xak), زەمین (zemîn), زەوی (ckb) (zewî)
Northern Kurdish: cih (ku), erd (ku), ax (ku) f
Kwak'wala: a̱wi'nak̕wa̱s
Kyrgyz: жер (ky) (jer)
Ladin: tera
Latin: terra (la) f, solum (la) n
Latvian: zeme (lv) f
Lezgi: ччил (č̄il)
Lithuanian: žẽmė (lt) f
Maasai: enkop f
Makasar: butta
Malay: tanah (ms)
Malayalam: മണ്ണ് (ml) (maṇṇŭ)
Manchu: ᠨᠠ (na)
Moksha: мастор (mastor), мода (moda)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: газар (mn) (gazar)
Mongolian: ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ (ɣaǰar)
Moroccan Amazigh: ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (akal)
Nanai: на (na)
Navajo: niʼ
Ngazidja Comorian: ardhwi class 9, ipvanɗe sha ntsi class 7
Nivkh: миф (mif)
Nootka: nism̓a
Norman: tèrre f
Norwegian:
Bokmål: jord (no) m or f
Nynorsk: jord f
Occitan: tèrra (oc)
Ojibwe: aki, ᐊᑭ
Old Javanese: lĕmah
Old Occitan: terra
Old Tupi: yby
Orok: на̄ (nā)
Ottawa: ki
Persian:
Iranian Persian: زَمین (zamin), سَرْزَمین (sarzamin)
Portuguese: terra (pt) f, chão (pt) m
Punjabi: ਧਰਤ (dharat), ਸਰਜ਼ਮੀਨ (pa) (sarzamīn), ਜ਼ਮੀਨ (zamīn)
Purepecha: echeri
Romanian: pământ (ro)
Romansch: terra, tiara
Russian: земля́ (ru) f (zemljá), су́ша (ru) f (súša)
Saanich: TEṈEW̱
Saho: baarho
Sanskrit: धरित्री (sa) f (dharitrī)
Sardinian: terra f
Scots: yerd, yird
Scottish Gaelic: talamh c, tìr f, ùir f
Sicilian: terra (scn)
Sidamo: uulla
Sinhalese: පොළොව (si) (poḷowa)
Slovene: zemlja (sl) f
Somali: dhul (so)
Spanish: terreno (es) m, tierra (es) f
Sumerian: 𒆠 (/⁠ki⁠/)
Sundanese: darat
Swahili: nchi kavu class 9
Swedish: mark (sv) c, land (sv) n
Tagalog: lupa (tl)
Tajik: замин (tg) (zamin)
Tarifit: šar m, tamurt f
Tatar: җир (tt) (cir)
Tausug: lupa
Tetum: rai
Tocharian A: tkaṃ
Tocharian B: keṃ
Tuareg: ăkall
Turkish: yer (tr)
Turkmen: ýer
Tuvan: чер (çer)
Tzotzil: balamil (Zinacantán), balumil (San Andrés Larráinzar)
Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎗𐎕 (ảrṣ)
Ukrainian: земля́ (uk) f (zemljá), су́ша f (súša), суході́л (uk) m (suxodíl)
Urdu: زَمِین (ur) f (zamīn)
Uyghur: يەر (ug) (yer)
Uzbek: yer (uz)
Venetan: tera
Vietnamese: đất (vi), mặt đất (vi), đất liền (vi)
Yakut: сир (sir)
Yiddish: ערד (erd)
Yogad: luta
Zazaki: her (diq), erd (diq) m
Zhuang: deih
Zulu: umhlabathi class 3/4 :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* moon
* sun
* world
* Appendix:Planets

### Verb

earth (third-person singular simple present earths, present participle earthing, simple past and past participle earthed)
* (UK, transitive) To connect electrically to the earth.
    Synonym: ground
    That noise is because the amplifier is not properly earthed.
* (transitive) To bury.
** 1745, [Edward Young], “Night the Ninth and Last. The Consolation. Containing, among Other Things, I. A Moral Survey of the Nocturnal Heavens. II. A Night-Address to the Deity. […]”, in The Complaint: Or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: […] [Samuel Richardson] for A[ndrew] Millar […], and R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1750, →OCLC, page 328:The Miſer earths his Treaſure; and the Thief, / Watching the Mole, half-beggars him ere Morn.
* (transitive) To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a burrow or den.
** 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act IV, page 48:[…] the Fox is earth’d, […]
** 1819, John Mayer, The Sportsman's Directory, or Park and Gamekeeper's Companion:This is the time that the horseman are flung out, not having the cry to lead them to the death. When quadruped animals of the venery or hunting kind are at rest, the stag is said to be harboured, the buck lodged, the fox kennelled, the badger earthed, the otter vented or watched, the hare formed, and the rabbit set.
* (intransitive) To burrow.
** a. 1740, Thomas Tickell, Fragment on Hunting:foxes earth'd

#### Derived terms

* earthing
* unearth

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Dobson, E. J. (1957) English pronunciation 1500-1700‎, second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 8, page 470: “Earth (OE eorðe with [rð]) has ę̄ in Levins, Hart, and Gil, and ĕ in Hart and Gil (as a variant), Robinson, Hodges, and later sources.”.

### Anagrams

* Erath, rehat, ather-, Herta, Harte, rathe, Rathe, heart, th'are, thare, hater, Heart, Herat, Taher, Terah, Thera