OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# aldosteronisme primer
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of aldosteronisme +‎ primer.

### Noun

aldosteronisme primer
* (pathology) primary aldosteronism, Conn's syndrome, or hyperaldosteronism: a condition where the adrenal glands overproduce the hormone aldosterone, leading to elevated blood pressure and potentially low potassium levels.

### Further reading

* “aldosteronisme primer” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# alexin
## English
### Alternative forms

* (obsolete) alexine

### Etymology

Ultimately from German Alexine, coined by Hans Buchner in 1891 from the Ancient Greek ἀλέξω (aléxō).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˈlɛk.sɪn/

### Noun

alexin (plural alexins)
* (biochemistry, dated) A protective substance that exists in the serum or other bodily fluid and is capable of killing microorganisms; complement.
** 1929, Thomas Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel‎, New York: Scribner, Part One, Chapter 1, p. 3:The seed of our destruction will blossom in the desert, the alexin of our cure grows by a mountain rock […]

#### Derived terms

* antialexin
* oryzalexin
* phytoalexin

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Buchner H (1891 June 23) “Kurze Uebersicht über die Entwicklung der Bacterienforschung seit Naegeli's Eingreifen in dieselbe [Brief overview of the development of bacteriology since Naegeli's involvement in it]”, in Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift‎ (in German), volume 38, number 25, pages 435–437, issue 26: 454–456, quote from p. 437: “Es handelt sich demnach um Eiweisskörper einer neuen Kategorie, die mit irgend welchen bisher bekannten sich nicht identificieren lassen, und die man am besten deshalb mit einem neuen Namen, etwa als » Alexine« (d. h. Schutzstoffe, von ἀλέξειν abwehren, schützen) bezeichnet. ― So it's a matter of protein of a new type, which cannot be identified with any [protein] which [has been] known until now, and which one therefore designates best with a new name, perhaps as "alexine" (i.e., protective stuff, from ἀλέξειν to fight off, defend).”

### Anagrams

* exinal, xenial

## Swedish
### Noun

alexin
* definite singular of alexi
# უზარმაცესი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From ზარმაცი (zarmaci) +‎ უ- -ესი (u- -esi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [uzaɾmat͡sʰesi]
* Hyphenation: უზარ‧მა‧ცე‧სი

### Adjective

უზარმაცესი • (uzarmacesi) (comparative უფრო უზარმაცესი, superlative ყველაზე უზარმაცესი)
* idlest, laziest
# torymid
## English
### Noun

torymid (plural torymids)
* Any wasp in the family Torymidae.
# punkat
## Finnish
### Noun

punkat
* nominative/accusative plural of punkka
# allergeen
## Dutch
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑlɛrˈɣeːn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: al‧ler‧geen

### Noun

allergeen n (plural allergenen, diminutive allergeentje n)
* allergen (substance provoking allergic reactions) [from 1920s]

#### Related terms

* allergie

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: alergen
# datumming
## English
### Verb

datumming
* present participle and gerund of datum
# Benedeks
## English
### Proper noun

Benedeks
* plural of Benedek
# Sauerteig
## German
### Etymology

From sauer (“sour; acidic”) +‎ Teig (“dough”), from Middle High German sūwerteic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzaʊ̯ɐˌtaɪ̯k/ (Germany)
** Audio:(file)(Germany)
* IPA: /ˈsaʊ̯ɐˌtaɪ̯k/, [saɔ̯ɐ-], [-taɛk] (Austria, Southern Germany, Switzerland)
* Hyphenation: Sau‧er‧teig

### Noun

Sauerteig m (strong, genitive Sauerteiges or Sauerteigs, plural Sauerteige)
* sourdough

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

### Further reading

* “Sauerteig” in Duden online
* Sauerteig on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# hengityksessä
## Finnish
### Noun

hengityksessä
* inessive singular of hengitys
# akseleilla
## Finnish
### Noun

akseleilla
* adessive plural of akseli
# навет
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* навѣ́тъ (navě́t) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɐˈvʲet]

### Noun

наве́т • (navét) m inan (genitive наве́та, nominative plural наве́ты, genitive plural наве́тов)
* (colloquial) slander, calumny
    Synonyms: клевета́ (klevetá), диффама́ция (diffamácija), поклёп (pokljóp)

#### Related terms

* наветник (navetnik), наветчик (navetčik)
# fi-
## Esperanto
### Etymology

From fi.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [fi]

### Prefix

fi-
* shameful, immoral, corrupt, dissolute, dirty, slutty
    ‎fi- + ‎fama (“famous”) → ‎fifama (“infamous”)

#### Usage notes

* Unlike the suffix -aĉ-, which indicates a defect in quality or condition, the prefix fi- indicates a defect of morality. Therefore, while both are used to indicate disapproval, they are not synonymous. The difference is similar to the difference between evil and bad in English. For example, if modifying domo "house," domaĉo would mean a house of bad quality, a hovel, while fidomo would mean a house of ill repute, such as a brothel, gambling den, etc.

#### Derived terms

* fia (“shameful, ignoble”)
* fiaĉa (“thoroughly evil”)
* figazeto (“dirty magazine, girlie magazine”)
* fiinsekto (“vermin”)
* fikomercisto (“swindler, conman”)
* fiparoli (“to curse, cuss, swear”)
* fiulino (“slut, loose woman”)
* fiulo (“an evil person, a reprobate”)
* fivorto (“an obscenity, cussword”)

## West Makian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɸi/

### Etymology 1
#### Prefix

fi-
* a prefix of generally unknown function
** indicates active involvement
    ‎fi- + ‎co (“to see”) → ‎fico (“to look at, keep an eye on”)
** derives transitive verbs from intransitive verbs
    ‎fi- + ‎teng (“to say”) → ‎fiteng (“to say (to someone)”)
** derives intransitive verbs from transitive verbs
    ‎fi- + ‎am (“to eat (tr.)”) → ‎fiam (“to eat (intr.)”)
** extends the root semantically
    ‎fi- + ‎toga (“to pull up (an anchor)”) → ‎fitoga (“to withdraw (a machete, etc.)”)

##### Usage notes

These are the only four instances of this prefix found in the present data.

### Etymology 2
#### Prefix

fi-
* Alternative form of fa- (derivational prefix) when preceded by a root-initial i

### Etymology 3
#### Pronoun

fi-
* Alternative form of fa- (“you all”) when preceded by a root-initial i

### Etymology 4
#### Pronoun

fi-
* second-person plural possessive prefix, your

#### See also

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics
* James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎, Pacific linguistics
# erstellen
## German
### Etymology

er- +‎ stellen

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /ɛʁˈʃtɛlən/, [ʔɛɐ̯ˈʃtɛln̩]

### Verb

erstellen (weak, third-person singular present erstellt, past tense erstellte, past participle erstellt, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive, administrative) to create
    Es ist wichtig, dass du ein Konto erstellst.It is important that you create an account.
    einen Bericht erstellen.to create / generate a report.
* (transitive) to construct

#### Usage notes

* The verb erstellen is used for abstract things (such as reports, graphs, lists etc) created and put on paper, into a computer file, or similar. For creation of physical objects (especially in the context of mass production) the verb herstellen is used.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* Ersteller
* Erstellung

### Further reading

* “erstellen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “erstellen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “erstellen” in Duden online
* “erstellen” in OpenThesaurus.de
# nonnegotiable
## English
### Alternative forms

* non-negotiable

### Etymology

From non- +‎ negotiable.

### Adjective

nonnegotiable (not comparable)
* Not negotiable; not subject to negotiation.
** 2007 December 16, Bob Shacochis, “Here Comes the Bride”, in The New York Times‎:For the hypermaterialistic and chronically adolescent Nancy, what was nonnegotiable was control, the power to sculpture her world to gratify her ever-sharpening appetites and desires.
** (of prices or values) Not subject to bargaining or haggling.
** (of a legal instrument) Not redeemable for money or other assets.

#### Translations
### Noun

nonnegotiable (plural nonnegotiables)
* Something that is not negotiable.
    Synonym: sine qua non
    Near-synonym: deal breaker
** 2007 August 26, Joyce Cohen, “No Longer Boxed In”, in The New York Times‎:“It is only once you start looking at houses that you realize what you do and don’t like, and what your negotiables and nonnegotiables are,” Ms. Wexler said.
# yootʼááł
## Navajo
### Etymology

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -oo- (yi-progressive 3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier, reflexive) + -ʼááł (progressive stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle a solid roundish object”).

### Verb

yootʼááł
* he/she is walking along with aggressive intentions [with áchá]

#### Usage notes

This is a progressive verb; it is conjugated only in the progressive mode.

#### Conjugation

Paradigm: Progressive (yi).

#### Related terms

* eʼeʼaah
* haʼaʼaah
* naazʼą́
* neiʼá
* siʼą́
* yiʼaah
* yooʼááł
# سرفراز
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* سرافراز (sar-afrâz)

### Etymology

From سَرـ (sar-) +‎ فَراز (farâz).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [saɾ.fa.ˈɾɑːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säɾ.fä.ɾɑ́ːz]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säɾ.fä.ɾɑ́ːz]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [säɾ.fä.ɾɑ́ːz]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [säɾ.fä.ɾɔ́ːz]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæɹ.fæ.ɹɒ́ːz]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [säɾ.fä.ɾɔ́z]

### Adjective

سرفراز • (sarfarâz)
* proud, triumphant
    Synonyms: سَربُلَند (sarboland), مُفتَخِر (moftakher)

#### Derived terms

* سَرفَرازی (sarfarâzi)

#### Descendants

* Bengali: সরফরাজ (sôrfôraz)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सरफ़राज़ (sarafrāz)
    Urdu: سَرفَراز (sarfarāz)
* → Punjabi: sarfarāz
    Shahmukhi script: سرفراز
    Gurmukhi script: ਸਰਫ਼ਰਾਜ਼
* → Northern Kurdish: serfiraz, serfînaz

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian سرفراز.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /sə.ɾə̆.fə̆.ˈɾaː.z/
* (rustic) IPA: /sə.ɾə̆.pʰə̆.ˈɾaː.d͡ʒ/
* Rhymes: -äːd͡ʒ, -äːz

### Proper noun

سَرفَراز • (sarfarāz) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਰਫ਼ਰਾਜ਼)
* a male given name, Sarfaraz or Sarfraz, from Persian
# ʔaɬ
## Lushootseed
### Adverb

ʔaɬ
* fast; quickly
    ʔaɬ tə dsətəlawilI'm running fast

#### Derived terms

* ləʔaɬ
* ʔaɬcut
* ʔaɬačiʔb
* ʔaɬaɬ
# árbol de levas
## Spanish
### Noun

árbol de levas m (plural árboles de levas)
* camshaft
# topmodelka
## Czech
### Etymology

From top +‎ modelka, possibly a calque of English top model.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtopmodɛlka]

### Noun

topmodelka f
* top model, supermodel
# beton segar
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of beton (“concrete”) +‎ segar (“fresh”).

### Noun

beton segar (uncountable)
* (engineering) fresh concrete: wet concrete that has just been mixed and is still in a plastic state

### Further reading

* “beton segar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# mežainākiem
## Latvian
### Adjective

mežainākiem
* dative/instrumental masculine plural of mežaināks
# اسکناس
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ассигна́ция (assignácija), either from French assignat, or from Polish asygnacja.

### Pronunciation

* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔes.kʰʲe.nɒ́ːs]

### Noun

اسکناس • (eskenâs) (plural اسکناس‌ها (eskenâs-hâ))
* note (currency)
* banknote

### References

* محمدرضا محمدی، ناهید عبدالتاجدینی (پاییز ۱۳۹۲)، «وام‌واژه‌های روسی در زبان فارسی و فرهنگ بزرگ سخن» ، جستارهای زبانی، دوره ۴، شمارهٔ ۳، صفحه 164
# obesa
## Catalan
### Adjective

obesa f sg
* feminine singular of obès

## Galician
### Adjective

obesa f sg
* feminine singular of obeso

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oˈbe.za/, (traditional) /oˈbɛ.za/
* Rhymes: -eza, (traditional) -ɛza
* Hyphenation: o‧bé‧sa, (traditional) o‧bè‧sa

### Adjective

obesa f sg
* feminine singular of obeso

### Noun

obesa f (plural obese)
* female equivalent of obeso

### Anagrams

* asebo

## Latin
### Participle

obēsa
* inflection of obēsus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Participle

obēsā
* ablative feminine singular of obēsus

## Portuguese
### Adjective

obesa
* feminine singular of obeso

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oˈbesa/ [oˈβ̞e.sa]
* Rhymes: -esa
* Syllabification: o‧be‧sa

### Noun

obesa f (plural obesas)
* female equivalent of obeso

### Adjective

obesa
* feminine singular of obeso
# encurtir
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /enkuɾˈtiɾ/ [ẽŋ.kuɾˈt̪iɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: en‧cur‧tir

### Verb

encurtir (first-person singular present encurto, first-person singular preterite encurtí, past participle encurtido)
* to pickle
    Synonym: escabechar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Further reading

* “encurtir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# cortaúñas
## Spanish
### Etymology

Verb-object compound, composed of corta (“to cut”) +‎ uñas (“nails (of the fingers/toes)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koɾtaˈuɲas/ [koɾ.t̪aˈu.ɲas]
* Rhymes: -uɲas
* Syllabification: cor‧ta‧ú‧ñas

### Noun

cortaúñas m (plural cortaúñas)
* nail clipper

### Further reading

* “cortaúñas”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# కాళి
## Telugu
### Etymology

From Sanskrit काली (kālī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaːɭi/

### Proper noun

కాళి • (kāḷi) f
* (Hinduism) Kali, a goddess in Hinduism

#### Synonyms

* కాళిక (kāḷika)

#### Related terms

* కాళిదాసు (kāḷidāsu)
* భద్రకాళి (bhadrakāḷi)
# molin
## Catalan
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈmo.lin]

#### Verb

molin
* inflection of molar (“to mock”):
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈmɔ.lin]

#### Verb

molin
* inflection of molar (“to sharpen (dialectal)”):
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative

## Occitan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin molīnus.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Languedoc):(file)
* /muˈli/

### Noun

molin m (plural molins)
* mill

#### Related terms

* molina
* molinaire
* molinar
* molinariá
* molinassa
* molinatge
* molinejar
* molinet
* molinièr
* molinièra

### Further reading

* Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 454.

## Old French
### Etymology

From Late Latin molīnum, from molīnus, from Latin molō.

### Noun

molin oblique singular, m (oblique plural molins, nominative singular molins, nominative plural molin)
* mill

#### Related terms

* moldre, moudre

#### Descendants

* → English: moline
* Middle French: moulin
** French: moulin
*** → English: moulin
* Walloon: molén
# ípsilon
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈip.si.lun]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈip.si.lon]

### Noun

ípsilon f (plural ípsilons)
* upsilon; the Greek letter Υ (lowercase υ)

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* ipsílon, ípsilo, ipsilone, ipsilão
* psilone (Northeast Brazil)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ypsilon (“upsilon”), from Ancient Greek ὖ ψιλόν (û psilón, “upsilon”) (modern Greek ύψιλον (ýpsilon)), from ὖ (û) + ψιλός (psilós).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈip.si.lõ/, /ˈi.pi.si.lõ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈip.si.lõ/, /ˈi.pi.si.lõ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈip.si.lõ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈi.psi.lɔn/, /ˈi.pslɔn/
* Hyphenation: íp‧si‧lon

### Noun

ípsilon m (plural ípsilones or (Brazil) ípsilons)
* wye (name of the letter Y, y)
    Synonym: i grego
* upsilon (name of the Greek letter Υ, υ)

### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) letra; á, bê, cê, dê, é, efe / fê, gê / guê, agá, i, jota, cá / capa, ele / lê, eme / mê, ene / nê, ó, pê, quê, erre / rê, esse, tê, u, vê, dáblio / dâblio / duplo vê, xis, ípsilon / i grego, zê

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈibsilon/ [ˈiβ̞.si.lõn]
* Rhymes: -ibsilon
* Syllabification: íp‧si‧lon

### Noun

ípsilon f (plural ípsilon)
* upsilon; the Greek letter Υ, υ

### Further reading

* “ípsilon”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# intraepidemic
## English
### Etymology

From intra- +‎ epidemic.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɛmɪk

### Adjective

intraepidemic (not comparable)
* During an epidemic.
    Coordinate terms: preepidemic, postepidemic, interepidemic

#### Related terms

* interpandemic
* intrapandemic
* postpandemic
* prepandemic
# Wszół
## Polish
### Etymology

From wszoł.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfʂuw/
* Rhymes: -uw
* Syllabification: Wszół

### Proper noun

Wszół m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Wszół f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

#### Related terms

* Wszoła
* Wszołek
# nighttime nappy
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

nighttime nappy (plural nighttime nappies)
* (Commonwealth, Ireland) Synonym of nighttime diaper.
** 1986 June, Midwives Chronicle & Nursing Notes, volume 99, Royal College of Midwives, page 120:[…] different sizes used over a period of time, including the larger, more expensive, night-time nappies.
** 2011, Miriam Stoppard, Trusted Advice: You and Your Toddler, Dorling Kindersley Publishing, →ISBN, page 21:No parent should insist a child stops wearing a nighttime nappy at a moment decided by them. Let your child lead you. The end result is the same, but much less traumatic for your child.
** 2025 January 17, Lucy Cotterill, “Best reusable nappies for babies and toddlers in 2025”, in Women's Health‎:Nighttime nappies: These two-part reusable nappies are designed for overnight use. In addition to their absorbent insert and separate waterproof cover, they typically have multiple layers of fabric or removable inserts and boosters to help keep your baby dry all night
# akimiaqpak
## Inupiaq
### Etymology

akimiaq +‎ -pak

### Numeral

akimiaqpak
* 120,000

#### Derived terms

* akimiaqpautaiḷaq (119,999)
* akimiaqpak atausiqpak (128,000)
* akimiaqpak malġuqpak (136,000)
* akimiaqpak piŋasuqpak (144,000)
* akimiaqpak sisamaqpak (152,000)
# Avanguardista
## English
### Noun

Avanguardista (plural Avanguardistas or Avanguardisti)
* (historical) A member of the Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista, an Italian fascist student youth organization established in the 1920s.
# marțială
## Romanian
### Adjective

marțială
* indefinite feminine nominative/accusative singular of marțial
# Karamanlis
## English
### Etymology

From Greek Καραμανλής (Karamanlís).

### Proper noun

Karamanlis
* A transliteration of the Greek surname Καραμανλής (Karamanlís).

#### Derived terms

* Karamanlism
# zumo de manzana
## Spanish

* A user has marked this entry as having failed a request for deletion.
* Please see that page for discussion and consensus. The discussion is closed now, and this page is awaiting speedy-deletion by an administrator. If you object, please remove |fail=1 from the template and reopen the discussion.

### Noun

zumo de manzana m (plural zumos de manzana)
* apple juice
# خواردن
## Central Kurdish
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *hwar- (“to eat, consume”). The original sense was "to take", which is preserved in Sense 2.

### Verb

| Northern Kurdish | xwarin |
| Southern Kurdish | خواردن (xwardin) |
خواردن (xwardin)
* to eat
* passive of verbs formed with دان; to take
    ba dan > ba xuardnto twist > to be twisted
    friu dan > friu xuardnto deceive > to be deceived
* (figuratively) to do, to do the job, to do the trick, to hit the mark etc.
    .ئەمە نە خواتاeme ne xuata.this won't do.

#### Derived terms

* خواردنەوە (xuardn'eue) ("to drink")
* داخواردن, داخوران (da xuardn, da xuran) ("to erode")

### See also

* خوران

## Persian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (xwārīdan, “to drink”). This verb became somewhat semantically conflated with Persian خوردن (xordan, “to eat”). From Proto-Iranian *hwar- (“to eat, consume”). Cognates include Northern Kurdish xwarin (“to eat”) and vexwarin (“to drink”), Pashto خوړل (khwaṛël, “to eat”), Ossetian хӕрд (xærd, “food”) and Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛara$^i$ti, “to consume, eat”). Compare also Old Armenian խորտիկ (xortik, “food”) and խորակ (xorak, “kind of pastry”), Iranian borrowings.
Original meaning of the root was "to take". During the Proto-Iranian period it replaced the native Indo-European root for "to eat" *h₁ed- (>Proto-Iranian *Had-; compare Latin edō, Ancient Greek ἔδω (édō), English eat), perhaps originally being used in a more informal way. The other root has been preserved in several nominal formations, such as Persian اسپست (aspast, “alfalfa”) and Ossetian ад (ad, “taste”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xʷɑːɾ.ˈdan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɑːɾ.d̪ǽn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɑːɾ.d̪ǽn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xɑːɾ.d̪ǽn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xɔːɾ.d̪ǽn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xɒːɹ.d̪ǽn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χɔɾ.d̪ǽn]

### Verb

خواردن • (xârdan) (present stem خوار (xâr)) (dialectal)
* to drink
* to eat

#### Derived terms

* خونخوار (xun-xâr, “bloodthirsty”, literally “blood-drinker”)
* شیرخوار (šir-xâr, “newborn; child who still drinks the milk of its mother”, literally “milk-drinker”)

### References

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “خواردن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “خواردن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

## Southern Kurdish
### Verb

خواردن (xwardin)
* (transitive, intransitive) to eat
# akselinsa
## Finnish
### Noun

akselinsa
* inflection of akseli:
** third-person possessive form of nominative/genitive singular
** third-person possessive form of nominative/accusative plural
# ʔup̓ud
## Lushootseed
### Etymology

ʔup̓u +‎ -d

### Verb

ʔup̓ud
* (transitive form of ʔup̓u) put someone on lap, hold someone on lap
    ʔuʔup̓ud tiʔiɬ ʔibacShe put her grandson on her lap.
    ʔusʔup̓ud čədI'm holding (this child) on my lap
# bota-fogo
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From bota (“to throw”) +‎ fogo (“fire”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌbɔ.tɐˈfo.ɡu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌbɔ.tɐˈfo.ɡu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˌbɔ.taˈfo.ɡo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˌbɔ.tɐˈfo.ɡu/ [ˌbɔ.tɐˈfo.ɣu]
* Hyphenation: bo‧ta‧-fo‧go

### Noun

bota-fogo m (plural bota-fogos)
* (military) linstock
* (military) gunner
* (figurative) rioter

### Further reading

* “bota-fogo”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
# kámoška
## Czech
### Etymology

From kámoš +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkaːmoʃka]

### Noun

kámoška f
* (informal) female buddy
    Synonym: kamarádka

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kámoška”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)