# حد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħad.da/

#### Verb

حَدَّ • (ḥadda) I (non-past يَحُدُّ (yaḥuddu), verbal noun حَدّ (ḥadd))
* to prevent, to restrain, to check, to hinder [with مِن (min) or accusative ‘someone/something’, along with عَن (ʕan) ‘from something’]
    حَدَّ اللَّهُ عَنَّا الشَّرَّḥadda l-lahu ʕannā š-šarraGod protected us from evil(literally, “God prevented evil from (harming) us”)
* to restrict, to limit, to confine [with مِن (min) or accusative ‘something’]
* to stop, to halt [with مِن (min) ‘something’]
* to delineate, to delimit (esp. land)
* (grammar) to define (a word)
* to sharpen (a knife, etc.)
* to punish, to chastise
* to fix (one's gaze) [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘on someone’]
* to separate [with accusative ‘something’ and مِن (min) ‘from something else’]
* to deprive (someone) of their livelihood

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

حَدَّ • (ḥadda) I (non-past يَحُدُّ (yaḥuddu) or يَحِدُّ (yaḥiddu), verbal noun حِدَاد (ḥidād) or حَدّ (ḥadd))
* to remove all ornaments and wear mourning apparel
* to mourn [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘someone’]

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

حَدَّ • (ḥadda) I (non-past يَحِدُّ (yaḥiddu), verbal noun حِدَّة (ḥidda))
* to be sharp, to be cutting (of a knife)
* to be strong (of a smell)
* to be strong, to be active (of a person)
* to be sharp, to be intelligent (of a person)
* to be quick to anger (of a person)

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

حَدَّ • (ḥadda) I (non-past يَحُدُّ (yaḥuddu) or يَحِدُّ (yaḥiddu), verbal noun حَدّ (ḥadd) or حِدَّة (ḥidda))
* to fly into a rage against, to be angry or furious with [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘someone’]

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħadd/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

حَدّ • (ḥadd) m (plural حُدُود (ḥudūd))
* verbal noun of حَدَّ (ḥadda) (form I)
* limit
* boundary, border
* frontier
* term
* end, goal, aim
* district
* reach, sphere of action
* difference
* definition
* rule
* punishment
* edge, point
* passion
* intoxicating strength of liquors
* strength, bravery
* energy
* manner, way
* hindrance
* (Modern Standard Arabic) side

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: hədd
** → Armenian: հադդ (hadd)
* → Bashkir: хәтле (xətle)
* → Persian: حد (hadd)
** → Bengali: হদ্দ (hoddo)
** → Dhivehi: ހައްދު (haddu)
** → Gujarati: હદ (had)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: हद (had)
    Urdu: حَد (had, hadd)
** → Marathi: हद्द (hadda)
** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਦ (hadda)
    Shahmukhi script: حَدّ (ḥadd)
* → Ottoman Turkish: حد (hadd)
** → Turkish: had
** → Armenian: հատտ (hatt)
* → Uzbek: had

#### Adjective

حَدّ • (ḥadd) (masculine plural حُدُود (ḥudūd))
* violent, passionate

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħid/

#### Verb

حِدْ • (ḥid) (form I) /ħid/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of وَحَدَ (waḥada)

## Malay
### Noun

حد (plural حد-حد or حد٢, informal 1st possessive حدکو, 2nd possessive حدمو, 3rd possessive حدڽ)
* Jawi spelling of had‎

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈħadd/

### Preposition

حد • (ḥadd)
* next to, beside

### Verb

حدّ • (ḥadd) I (non-past يحدّ (yḥidd))
* to delimit
* to enclose, to confine

### Noun

حد • (ḥadd) m (plural حدود (ḥdūd))
* limit
* boarder

##### Derived terms

* لحد (laḥadd, “until”)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ha.ðː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hä.d̪ː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hä.d̪ː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.d̪ː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.d̪ː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæ.d̪ː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [hä.d̪ː]

### Noun

حدّ • (hadd) (plural حُدود (hodud) or حد‌ها (hadd-hâ))
* limit, border, boundary
* (mathematics) limit

#### Derived terms

* در حدودِ (dar hodud-e, “about; approximately”)

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: হদ্দ (hoddo)
* → Dhivehi: ހައްދު (haddu)
* → Gujarati: હદ (had)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: हद (had)
    Urdu: حَد (had, hadd)
* → Marathi: हद्द (hadda)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਦ (hadda)
    Shahmukhi script: حَدّ (ḥadd)

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حد (hadd), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

### Noun

حَدّ • (hadd) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਹੱਦ)
* boundary, limit
    Synonym: سیما (sīmā)

#### Derived terms

* بے حد (be-hadd)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħadd/, [ħad]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Etymology 1

From or related to Arabic أحد (ʔaḥad, “one; someone”).

#### Pronoun

حدّ • (ḥadd)
* Alternative form of حدا (ḥada)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic حَدَّ (ḥadda).

#### Verb

حدّ • (ḥadd) I (present بحدّ (biḥodd))
* to delimit
* to enclose, to confine

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

#### Noun

حدّ • (ḥadd) m (plural حدود (ḥdūd))
* limit
* border (usually in the plural when referring to the border a country)

##### Derived terms

* حدّ أدنى (ḥadd ʔadna, “minimum”)
* حدّ أعلى (ḥadd ʔaʕla, “maximum”), حدّ أقصى (ḥadd ʔaqṣa, “maximum”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حد (hadd), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

### Noun

حد • (had, hadd) f (Hindi spelling हद), irregular plural حدود (hudūd)
* boundary, limit
    Synonyms: مَرْیادا (maryādā), سِیما (sīmā), سَرْحَد (sarhad)

#### Derived terms

* بے حد (be-hadd)