# 竇

| 竇 | U+7AC7, &#31431; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AC7 |
| ← 竆 [U+7AC6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 竈 → [U+7AC8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

竇 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 十金土田金 (JCGWC), four-corner 3080$_6$, composition ⿱穴賣(GTK) or ⿱穴𧶠(HJ))

#### Derived characters

* 𡔍, 𧮡

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 869, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25695
* Dae Jaweon: page 1298, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2745, character 12
* Unihan data for U+7AC7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竇 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 竇 | *l'oːɡs |
| 續 | *ljoɡs, *ljoɡ |
| 覿 | *l'juːɡ |
| 黷 | *l'oːɡ |
| 讟 | *l'oːɡ |
| 殰 | *l'oːɡ |
| 讀 | *l'oːɡ |
| 櫝 | *l'oːɡ |
| 牘 | *l'oːɡ |
| 儥 | *l'oːɡ |
| 贕 | *l'oːɡ |
| 皾 | *l'oːɡ |
| 瓄 | *l'oːɡ |
| 瀆 | *l'oːɡ |
| 豄 | *l'oːɡ |
| 韇 | *l'oːɡ |
| 嬻 | *l'oːɡ |
| 犢 | *l'oːɡ |
| 匵 | *l'oːɡ |
| 藚 | *ljoɡ |
| 襩 | *ɦljoɡ |
| 贖 | *ɦljoɡ |
| 𧶠 | *luɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'oːɡs): semantic 穴 (“hole”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dòu (dou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dau$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): eu$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiō / tō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòu
*** Wade–Giles: tou$^4$
*** Yale: dòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow
*** Palladius: доу (dou)
*** Sinological IPA : /toʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dau$^6$
*** Yale: dauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐu̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: eu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /eu³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiō
*** Tâi-lô: tiō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dioi
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tio⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
*** Tâi-lô: tōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: do
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dou$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏu
*** Sinological IPA : /tou³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: duwH
Rime :
| Character | 竇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 田候切 |
| Baxter | duwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dəu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dəu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /du$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤok-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'oːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 竇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ duw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁok-s/ |
| English | hole; drain |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 竇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16033 |
| Phonetic component | 𧶠 |
| Rime group | 竇 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*l'oːɡs/ |

#### Definitions

竇
* hole; burrow
* (anatomy) cavity; sinus
* a surname
    From: Three Character Classic, circa 13th century CE
    Dòu Yānshān, yǒu yìfāng; jiào wǔ zǐ, míng jù yáng. [Pinyin]
    Dou of the Yan Mountains had the right method. He taught five sons, each of whom raised the family reputation.

### Etymology 2

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to Southern Kam dous (“nest”)?”

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dau$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): eu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): teu
    (Hailu, HRS): deu$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dêu$^4$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): dao$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dau$^3$
*** Yale: dau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐu̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: eu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /eu²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: teu
*** Hakka Romanization System: deu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: deu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /teu̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: deu$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /teu¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dêu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /teu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dao$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tàu
*** Sinological IPA : /tau²¹³/

#### Definitions

竇
* (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) nest; den
    老鼠竇／老鼠窦 [Cantonese] ― lou$^5$ syu$^2$ dau$^3$ [Jyutping] ― rat's nest
    雀竇／雀窦 [Cantonese] ― zoek$^3$ dau$^3$ [Jyutping] ― bird's nest
** 1883, Adele Marion Fielde, “巢”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 527:
    客鳥巢／客鸟巢 [Teochew] ― kêh$^4$ ziou$^2$ dao$^3$ [Peng'im] ― a magpie's nest
* (Cantonese, Hakka, colloquial) home
* (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, colloquial) hideout
** 1883, Adele Marion Fielde, “巢”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 527:
       pah$^4$ pua$^3$ i$^1$ gai$^5$ cag$^8$ dao$^3$ [Peng'im]
       destroy a retreat of robbers
* (Cantonese) Classifier for groups of diminutive animals or humans: nest
    一竇老鼠／一窦老鼠 [Cantonese] ― jat$^1$ dau$^3$ lou$^5$ syu$^2$ [Jyutping] ― a nest of rats
    一竇細路哥／一窦细路哥 [Cantonese] ― jat$^1$ dau$^3$ sai$^3$ lou$^2$ go$^1$ [Jyutping] ― a group of children

#### See also

* 巢 (cháo)

### Compounds

* 上頜竇 / 上颌窦 (shànghédòu)
* 圭竇 / 圭窦
* 弊竇 / 弊窦
* 情竇 / 情窦
* 情竇初開 / 情窦初开
* 狗竇 / 狗窦 (gǒudòu)
* 狗竇大開 / 狗窦大开
* 由竇尚書 / 由窦尚书
* 疑竇 / 疑窦 (yídòu)
* 竇太后
* 竇娥冤 / 窦娥冤
* 竇房結 / 窦房结 (dòufángjié)
* 篩竇 / 筛窦 (shāidòu)
* 篳門圭竇 / 筚门圭窦
* 篳門閨竇 / 筚门闺窦 (bìménguīdòu)
* 蓽門圭竇 / 荜门圭窦
* 蝶竇 / 蝶窦 (diédòu)
* 閉門塞竇 / 闭门塞窦
* 頸動脈竇 / 颈动脉窦 (jǐngdòngmàidòu)
* 額竇 / 额窦 (édòu)
* 鼻竇 / 鼻窦 (bídòu)
* 鼻竇炎 / 鼻窦炎 (bídòuyán)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とう (tō)、とく (toku)
* Kun: あな (ana)

## Korean
### Hanja

竇 (eum 두 (du))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

竇: Hán Nôm readings: đậu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation