# حبق
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.ba.qa/

#### Verb

حَبَقَ • (ḥabaqa) I (non-past يَحْبِقُ (yaḥbiqu), verbal noun حَبْق (ḥabq) or حُباق (ḥubāq)) (obsolete)
* to flatulate

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

حَبْق • (ḥabq) m (obsolete)
* verbal noun of حَبَقَ (ḥabaqa) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From the root ح ب ق (ḥ b q) meaning “to break wind or pass gas”, “to change the smell of air”; originally applied to a wide range of odorous herbs, so called for the aroma released when rubbing such plants. See رَيْحَان (rayḥān, “basil”) for similar semantic development. Cognates with Classical Syriac ܚܘܟܐ (ḥawkā, “basil”) which has been borrowed as حَوْك (ḥawk); although the ending of the form حَبَاقَى (ḥabāqā), حَبَاقَا (ḥabāqā), which was used in the sense of “sweet clover (Melilotus); horned trefoil (Trigonella corniculata)” in 9th century Iraq, may point to a loan from Aramaic, of which the Syriac and Arabic would be the only, late remnants.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.baq/

#### Noun

حَبَق • (ḥabaq) m
* a general name for aromatic Lamiaceae
** (now especially) basil (Ocimum gen. et spp.)
** (Classical Arabic) mint (Mentha spp.), when without any qualifier then usually pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: ħabaq
* → Catalan: alfàbrega, alfabaguera, alfabreguera, alfàbega
* → Aragonese: albaca
* → Spanish: alhábega
* → Galician: alfábega
* → Ladino: alhavaka
* → Portuguese: alfavaca, alfabaca, alfádega, alfávega
* → Old Spanish: albafaca
** Spanish: albahaca
** Asturian: albahaca

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1830) “حبق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 336
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “حبق”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 369
* ↑ In Ibn al-Bayṭār Compendium with taṣḥīf mentioned as an Iraqi word: حيافي: هو الحندقوقة بلغة أهل العراق وسيأتي; then حندقوقي بري: هو الذرق والحباقي; an actual employment of حباقا is in ʾAbū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī’s Book of Plants, whence it was only copied, as a foreign word, in مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ] (a. 1050) Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, editors, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs] (in Arabic), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 389 (fol. 35r, 15–16), page 559, while 341 (fol. 32r, 13–16), page 520 from Ḥunayn ibn ʾIsḥāq’s Kunnāš as a Ḥīrīy designation.
* ↑ But all registers of Andalusian Arabic used حَبَق (ḥabaq) for “basil”, حَبَاقَى (ḥabāqā), حَبَاقَا (ḥabāqā) for this meaning is counterindicated by the Andalusi Arabic attestation, nor can one, like Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “albahaca”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 112 uninformedly does, explain the stresses of the Romance borrowings by an analogy with other Arabic borrowings like Spanish almazara, at best one may do this for the apparent singulative ending, for Classical Arabic and hence Maghrebi dialects always had oxytone stress in words containing no long syllable before the last, as has been made clear by Blau, Joshua (1972) “Middle and Old Arabic Material for the History of Stress in Arabic”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎, volume 35, number 3, pages 476–484.

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَبَق (ḥabaq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.baɡ/

### Noun

حبق • (ḥabag) m
* Ocimum (taxonomic plant genus)
    Synonym: نعناع المدينة (niʕnāʕ al-madīna)

#### See also

* ريحان (rēḥān, “basil”)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَبَق (ḥabaq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħbaq/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

حبق • (ḥbaq) m (plural حبوقة (ḥbūqa))
* basil
* vase
    Synonym: فاز (vāz)
    حط هاد النوار فداك الحبق اللي على شمالك.ḥuṭṭ hād en-nuwwār f-dāk la-ḥbaq elli ʕla šmālak.Put these flowers on that vase on your left.