# grasshopper
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English grashoppere, alteration of earlier grashoppe, from Old English græshoppa (“grasshopper”). Equivalent to grass +‎ hopper. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gäärshupper, Dutch grashupper, grashipper, German Low German Grashüpper, Gresshüpper, German Grashüpfer, Danish græshoppe, Swedish gräshoppa, Norwegian gresshoppe.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɡɹɑːsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/, /ɡɹæsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈɡɹæsˌhɑpəɹ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: grass‧hop‧per

### Noun

grasshopper (plural grasshoppers)
* A mostly herbivorous insect of the order Orthoptera, noted for its ability to jump long distances and for the habit of some species communicating by stridulation; they are related to but distinct from crickets.
** 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVI, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 168:Even in my happiest moments, while the grass was crowded with flowers beneath me—the sweet monotony of the running water in mine ear, only broken by the cheerful chant of the grasshopper—the boughs of the chestnut, filled with sunshine, dazzling my eyes, till the golden air seemed thronged with lovely shapes,—even then came pale and mournful shadows, whose white faces looked upon me pityingly.
** 1901, Sylvester D. Judd, The Relation of Sparrows to Agriculture, page 91:But it is as a destroyer of grasshoppers that the dickcissel excels.
    Synonym: (rare) grasshop
    Hyponym: locust
** In the strict sense, refers to insects in the suborder Caelifera, particularly those in the family Acrididae.
** In a looser sense, also includes the katydids (also known as longhorned grasshoppers or bush crickets), which are members of the family Tettigoniidae, of the suborder Ensifera.
* A cocktail made with crème de menthe and optionally with crème de cacao.
** 1979 April 21, Greg Jackson, “He Looks Like Tarzan But He Talks Like Jane”, in Gay Community News, page 17:Does he order Scotch-on-the-rocks in a low, mean voice? No? A Bud? No? A grasshopper, heavy on the creme de menthe? Right!
* (figuratively) A young student in the initial stages of training who has been chosen on account of their obvious talent.
** 2009, B.P. Terpstra, Quadrant, November 2009, No. 461 (Volume LIII, Number 11), Quadrant Magazine Limited, page 2:
    Although we don't know exactly why Li is chosen to dance, we witness a man assuring officials that the child isn't from bourgeois stock. Phew. There are no known landowners in the family, so the grasshopper passes some cultural purity test, in a state often fixated on class warfare, driven by the cult of personality, and bullied by paranoia.
* (slang, drugs) A frequent user of marijuana.
* (music) In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key.
    Synonym: hopper
** 1894, “Pianoforte”, in Encyclopædia_Britannica:John Geib […] patented the hopper with two separate escapements, one of which soon became adopted in the grasshopper of the square piano

#### Derived terms

* American bird grasshopper
* bird grasshopper
* blue-winged grasshopper
* differential grasshopper
* grasshopperdom
* grasshopper engine
* Grasshopper Falls
* grasshopper green
* grasshopperish
* grasshopperlike
* grasshopper lobster
* grasshopper mouse
* grasshopper pie
* Grasshopper Pueblo
* grasshopper warbler
* knee-high to a grasshopper
* knee high to a grasshopper
* long-horned grasshopper
* Pallas's grasshopper warbler
* short-horned grasshopper
* spur-throated grasshopper
* three-banded grasshopper
* trail ridge scrub grasshopper
* two-striped grasshopper

#### Related terms

* grasshop

#### Translations

Abinomn: saseinakin sg, saseinakirom du, saseinakidi pl
Adyghe: пкӏау (pkʼawu)
Afrikaans: sprinkaan
Ainu: パッタ (patta), パッタキ (pattaki)
Albanian: karkalec (sq) m
Amharic: ፌንጣ (fenṭa)
Arabic: جُنْدُب m (jundub), جَرَادَة f (jarāda)
Egyptian Arabic: جراد m (garād) (collective), جرادة f (garāda) (singulative)
Armenian: մորեխ (hy) (morex), զամբիկ (hy) (zambik), ցատկամորեխ (cʻatkamorex)
Assamese: ফৰিং (phoriṅ)
Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬑𐬀 (maδaxa)
Azerbaijani: çəyirtkə (az)
Bashkir: сиңерткә (siñertkə)
Basque: matxinsalto, saltamatxino
Bau Bidayuh: kadis
Bengali: পতঙ্গ (bn) (potoṅgo)
Bhojpuri: टिड्डी (ṭiḍḍī)
Bikol Central: lukton (bcl)
Bouyei: dagt
Breton: kilhog-raden (br) m
Bulgarian: скакале́ц (bg) m (skakaléc)
Burmese: နှံကောင် (my) (hnamkaung)
Catalan: llagosta (ca) f, saltamartí (ca) m
Cebuano: apan
Central Melanau: siu
Chepang: क्रात्‌न्या‍म्
Chichewa: chiwala
Chinese:
Cantonese: 草蜢 (cou$^2$ maang$^{5-2}$)
Dungan: маза (maza)
Hokkien: 草蜢 (zh-min-nan) (chháu-muih / chháu-meh / chháu-meeh / chháu-neh / chháu-nih / chháu-mih / chháu-mé), 草蜢仔 (zh-min-nan) (chháu-meh-á)
Mandarin: 蚱蜢 (zh) (zhàměng), (colloquial) 螞蚱 / 蚂蚱 (zh) (màzha)
Chuvash: шӑрчӑк (šărč̬ăk)
Coptic: ⲥⲁⲛⲛⲉϩ (sanneh)
Cornish: kulyek reden m
Crimean Tatar: çegertki
Czech: saranče (cs) f
Danish: græshoppe (da) c
Darkinjung: jilpir
Dupaningan Agta: raksa
Dutch: sprinkhaan (nl) m
Egyptian: (znḥm)
Esperanto: akrido, lokusto (eo)
Estonian: rohutirts
Faroese: eingispretta f, ongspretta f
Finnish: heinäsirkka (fi)
French: criquet (fr) f
Galician: saltón (gl) m
Georgian: კალია (ḳalia)
German: Grashüpfer (de) m
Alemannic German: Heuwstöffel m
Gothic: 𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌼𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹 (þramstei)
Greek: ακρίδα (el) f (akrída)
Ancient: ἀκρίς f (akrís)
Guaraní: tuku
Haitian Creole: chwal bwa
Hebrew: חָגָב (he) m (chagav)
Hindi: टिड्डा m (ṭiḍḍā), टिड्डी f (ṭiḍḍī)
Hungarian: sáska (hu)
Icelandic: engispretta (is)
Ilocano: dudon
Indonesian: belalang (id)
Interlingua: saltator
Irish: dreoilín teaspaigh m, píobaire fraoigh m
Italian: cavalletta (it) f, locusta (it) f
Japanese: 飛蝗 (ja) (ばった, batta), バッタ (ja) (batta), 蝗 (ja) (いなご, inago)
Jeju: 말축 (malchuk)
Kabuverdianu: kafanhotu
Kapampangan: lipaktung
Karachay-Balkar: каска (kaska)
Kazakh: шегіртке (şegırtke)
Khmer: កណ្ដូប (km) (kɑndoop)
Kimaragang: kanjapan
Kituba: kinzenze
Klamath-Modoc: t'aht'aahɁas
Korean: 메뚜기 (ko) (mettugi)
Kumeyaay: tuumuw
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: kulî (ku), melex (ku)
Kyrgyz: чегиртке (ky) (cegirtke)
Lao: ຕັກແຕນ (tak tǣn)
Latgalian: sīnakoza f
Latin: locusta f
Lithuanian: skėrys m
Luo: odede
Luxembourgish: Heesprénger (lb) m
Macedonian: скакулец m (skakulec)
Malagasy: valala (mg)
Malay: belalang (ms)
Manchu: ᠰᠠᡵᡦᠠ (sarpa), ᠵᠠᡵᡤᡳᠮᠠ (jargima)
Manx: folleyder m, lhiemmeyder faiyr m, lhiemmeyder glass m, kellagh-rennee m
Maori: whitiwhiti
Maranao: bilalang
Mari:
Eastern Mari: шудышырчык (šudyšyrčyk)
Western Mari: цӹрцӹк (cÿrcÿk)
Mi'kmaq: soqomgwewj anim, ja'wa'lie'j anim (Listuguj), piptoqunge'wj anim (Unama'kik)
Minangkabau: bilalang (min)
Mongolian: царцаа (mn) (carcaa)
Mpade: hayo
Muong: chồ chồ
Nahuatl:
Central Nahuatl: chapolin
Classical Nahuatl: chapolin
Navajo: nahachagii
Norman: critchet m
Norwegian: gresshoppe f
Occitan: langosta f
Ojibwe: bapakine
Old English: græsstapa m, græshoppa m
Old Tupi: tukura
Oromo: korophiissa
Ottoman Turkish: چكركه (çekirge)
Pashto: ملخ (ps) m (moláx)
Persian: ملخ (fa) (malax)
Plautdietsch: Heischrakj f, Grausshoppa m
Polish: konik polny (pl) m
Portuguese: gafanhoto (pt) m
Punjabi: ਟਿੱਡਾ (pa) m (ṭiḍḍā), ਤੋਤਾ (pa) m (totā) (dialectal)
Romanian: lăcustă (ro) f
Russian: саранча́ (ru) m (sarančá)
S'gaw Karen: ဒွဲၣ် (dweh̀)
Sanskrit: फडिङ्गा (sa) f (phaḍiṅgā), त्रिशङ्कु (sa) m (triśaṅku), पुत्रक (sa) m (putraka), तृणस्कन्द (sa) m (tṛṇaskanda), पतम (sa) m (patama), खग (sa) m (khaga)
Sardinian: tilibirche m
Scottish Gaelic: brobhadan m, fionnan-feòir m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: скакавац m
Roman: skakavac (sh) m
Skolt Sami: aacaǩ
Slovak: koník m, (colloquial) kobylka f
Slovene: kobilica (sl) f
Southern Altai: аспан (aspan), чегертки (čegertki)
Spanish: saltamontes (es) m, langosta (es) f, chapulín (es) m (Mexico)
Swahili: panzi (sw)
Swedish: gräshoppa (sv) c
Tagal Murut: kapu', gapu'
Tagalog: tipaklong
Tajik: малах (tg) (malax)
Tarifit: tmurɣi f
Tatar: чикерткә (tt) (çikertkä)
Thai: ตั๊กแตน (th) (dták-gà-dtɛɛn), เรไร (ree-rai)
Tocharian B: śalāp
Turkish: çekirge (tr)
Turkmen: çekirtge
Tuvan: шерги (şergi)
Udmurt: ӟоз (dźoz)
Urdu: ٹڈی f (ṭiḍḍī), ٹڈا m (ṭiḍḍā)
Uyghur: چېكەتكە (chëketke)
Uzbek: chigirtka (uz), malax (uz)
Vietnamese: châu chấu (vi)
Volapük: krikül
Welsh: ceiliog y gwair m, ceiliog rhedyn m
West Coast Bajau: ungguk, kelebutu
White Hmong: kooj
Wolof: soccent bi
Yiddish: גראָזגריל n (grozgril)
Zazaki: mele (diq)
Zhuang: daek :

#### See also

* jumping bristletails, archaeognathans (Archaeognatha)
* cockroaches and termites, blattodeans (Blattodea)
* beetles, coleopterans (Coleoptera)
* earwigs, dermapterans (Dermaptera)
* flies, dipterans (Diptera)
* webspinners, embiopterans (Embioptera)
* mayflies, ephemeropterans (Ephemeroptera)
* ice crawlers, grylloblattodeans (Grylloblattodea)
* true bugs, hemipterans (Hemiptera)
* hymenopterans (ants, bees, wasps, etc.) (Hymenoptera)
* butterflies and moths, lepidopterans (Lepidoptera)
* mantises, mantodeans (Mantodea)
* mantophasmids (Mantophasmatodea)
* scorpionflies, mecopterans (Mecoptera)
* megalopterans (alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies, etc.) (Megaloptera)
* neuropterans (antlions, lacewings, mantisflies, etc.) (Neuroptera)
* damselflies and dragonflies, odonatans (Odonata)
* orthopterans (crickets, grasshoppers, katydids, etc.) (Orthoptera)
* stick insects, phasmatodeans (Phasmatodea)
* stoneflies, plecopterans (Plecoptera)
* booklice, psocodeans (Psocodea)
* snakeflies, raphidiopterans (Raphidioptera)
* fleas, siphonapterans (Siphonaptera)
* strepsipterans (Strepsiptera)
* thrips, thysanopterans (Thysanoptera)
* caddis flies, trichopterans (Trichoptera)
* zorapterans (Zoraptera)
* silverfish, zygentomans (Zygentoma)

### Verb

grasshopper (third-person singular simple present grasshoppers, present participle grasshoppering, simple past and past participle grasshoppered)
* (transitive) Of a crop, to be ruined or destroyed by grasshoppers.
* (transitive) To move a riverboat over an obstruction, such as a sandbar.
* (transitive, rare) Of an animal, to hunt and eat grasshoppers.

### Further reading

* grasshopper on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* grasshopper (cocktail) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia