# 駁

| 駁 | U+99C1, &#39361; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-99C1 |
| ← 駀 [U+99C0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 駂 → [U+99C2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

駁 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+4, 14 strokes, cangjie input 尸火大大 (SFKK), four-corner 7434$_0$, composition ⿰馬爻)

#### Derived characters

* 𫬇, 礟

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1435, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44619
* Dae Jaweon: page 1959, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4544, character 9
* Unihan data for U+99C1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 崤 | *ɢaːw, *ɢraːw |
| 郩 | *qaːwʔ |
| 敎 | *kraːw, *kraːws |
| 較 | *kreːwɢs, *kreːwɢ |
| 肴 | *ɢraːw |
| 淆 | *ɢraːw |
| 倄 | *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ |
| 爻 | *ɢraːw |
| 餚 | *ɢraːw |
| 殽 | *ɢraːw |
| 笅 | *ɢraːw |
| 駁 | *praːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praːwɢ): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw). The phonetic component adds part of the meaning if interpreted as "marks".

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bruk (“piebald”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT); cognate with Burmese ပြောက် (prauk, “spotted, speckled”), Karbi pʰròk, Jingpho prúʔ, Mru preu (“of mixed colors”). Another Chinese cognate may be 斑 (OC *praːn).
豹 (OC *preːwɢs, “leopard”) is its exopassive derivative, literally meaning, “the spotted one”.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bó (bo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bok$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): báuk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pok / pak / poh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): boh$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bó
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bó
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$
*** Yale: bwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bok$^3$
*** Yale: bok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔːk̚³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: báuk
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑuʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pok
*** Tâi-lô: pok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pog
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /pɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak
*** Tâi-lô: pak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pag
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /pak̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poh
*** Tâi-lô: poh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poiq
*** IPA (Taipei): /poʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤʔ³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: boh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: poh
*** Sinological IPA : /poʔ²/
* Middle Chinese: paewk
Rime :
| Character | 駁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 北角切 |
| Baxter | paewk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠʌk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚɔk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pɔk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paɨwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pɔk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pɔk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pɔk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤrawk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*praːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 駁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pæwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁrawk/ |
| English | horse of mixed color |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 駁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14653 |
| Phonetic component | 爻 |
| Rime group | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 剥 |
| Old Chinese | /*praːwɢ/ |

### Definitions

駁
* (of a horse's fur) variegated
* mixed; heterogenous; impure
    駁雜／驳杂 ― bózá ― multifarious
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Cuì ér wàng, bó ér bà, wú yī yān ér wáng. [Pinyin]
    Those who possess its essence shall be elevated King; even its impure application creates a great power; without it, one is doomed to ruin.
* to refute; to rebut
* to transport by barge
* barge; lighter
* suddenly
* (Cantonese) to connect
* Alternative form of 駮 / 驳 (bó, “a mythical beast that can eat tigers”)

### Compounds

* 反駁 / 反驳 (fǎnbó)
* 回駁 / 回驳
* 彈駁 / 弹驳
* 批駁 / 批驳 (pībó)
* 拖駁 / 拖驳
* 接駁 / 接驳 (jiēbó)
* 斑駁 / 斑驳 (bānbó)
* 斑駁陸離 / 斑驳陆离 (bānbólùlí)
* 班駁 / 班驳 (bānbó)
* 舛駁 / 舛驳
* 蕪駁 / 芜驳
* 貶駁 / 贬驳
* 踳駁 / 踳驳
* 辨駁 / 辨驳
* 辯駁 / 辩驳 (biànbó)
* 陸離斑駁 / 陆离斑驳
* 駁倒 / 驳倒 (bódǎo)
* 駁勘 / 驳勘
* 駁回 / 驳回 (bóhuí)
* 駁岸 / 驳岸 (bó'àn)
* 駁斥 / 驳斥 (bóchì)
* 駁正 / 驳正
* 駁殼槍 / 驳壳枪 (bókéqiāng)
* 駁犖 / 驳荦
* 駁船 / 驳船 (bóchuán)
* 駁落 / 驳落
* 駁詰 / 驳诘
* 駁議 / 驳议 (bóyì)
* 駁辭 / 驳辞
* 駁雜 / 驳杂 (bózá)
* 駁難 / 驳难 (bónàn)
* 駁頭 / 驳头

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* variegated
* mixed, heterogenous
* refute, disprove

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ばく (baku)、はく (haku)
* Kun: まだら (madara, 駁)、まざる (mazaru, 駁ざる)、まじる (majiru, 駁じる)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 駁 (MC paewk). Recorded as Early Modern Korean 박 (Yale: pak) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pa̠k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [박]

### Hanja

Wikisource 駁 (eumhun 논박할 박 (nonbakhal bak))
* hanja form of 박 (“to refute; to rebut”)

#### Compounds

* 갑론을박 (甲論乙駁, gamnoneulbak)
* 공박 (攻駁, gongbak)
* 논박 (論駁, nonbak)
* 면박 (面駁, myeonbak)
* 박론 (駁論, bangnon)
* 박설 (駁說, bakseol)
* 반박 (反駁, banbak)
* 변박 (辯駁/辨駁, byeonbak)
* 통박 (痛駁, tongbak)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

駁: Hán Nôm readings: bác
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.