# ate
## English
### Alternative forms

* et (informal pronunciation spelling)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /eɪt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* (UK, Ireland) IPA: /eɪt/, /ɛt/
* (Canada) IPA: [eːt]
* Rhymes: -ɛt, -eɪt
* Homophones: ait, eight, eyot

#### Verb

ate
* simple past of eat
* (colloquial, nonstandard) past participle of eat
** 1805, Maximilien de Béthune duc de Sully, Memoirs of Maximillian de Bethune, Duke of Sully, Prime Minister of Henry the Great […] ‎, volume IV, page 171:I have a very good appetite, have ate some excellent melons, and they have served me up some quails, the fattest and tenderest I have ever ate.
** 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XVI, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume II, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 192:As soon as all had ate, and the elder ones paid, the carriage was ordered; […]
** 1929, Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch, Nicky-Nan, Reservist‎, page 27:“Haven't ate all the eggs, I hope? For I be hungry as a hunter […]
** 2013 January 11 [1997], David Bell, Gill Valentine, Consuming Geographies: We Are Where We Eat‎, Routledge, →ISBN, page 140:So I'd have ate when me Dad had ate, sort of thing, I think, you know when he come home from work, I'd have waited for him, I wouldn't have said I wanted mine at four o'clock […]

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Tagalog ate (“elder sister”), from Hokkien 阿姊 (á-ché, “eldest sister”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔɐ.te/

#### Noun

ate (plural ates) (Philippines)
* An elder sister
* A respectful title or form of address for an older woman.

### Anagrams

* eta, æt., eat, Tea, AET, aet, tea, a.e.t., ETA, aet., TEA

## Asturian
### Verb

ate
* first-person singular present subjunctive of atar
* third-person singular present subjunctive of atar

## Basque
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ate/ [a.t̪e]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ate, -e
* Hyphenation: a‧te

### Noun

ate inan
* door, entrance
* defile, gorge (deep, narrow passage)
* (sports) goal (structure)
* exterior, outside part

#### Derived terms

* at
* atera

### Further reading

* “ate”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “ate”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Drehu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑt̪e/

### Verb

ate
* to know, be knowledgeable

### References

* Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDe’u" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːtə/

### Verb

ate
* (dated or formal) singular past subjunctive of eten

## Fijian
### Etymology

From Proto-Central-Pacific *qate, from Proto-Oceanic *qate, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.

### Noun

ate
* Obsolete form of yate.

## Galician
### Verb

ate
* inflection of atar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hitu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈate/ [ˈa.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ate
* Syllabification: a‧te

### Noun

ate (plural ate-ate)
* sago leaves, sewn to make a roof

### Further reading

* “ate” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

ate
* Rōmaji transcription of あて

## Kapampangan
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˈte/ [əˈtɛ]
* Hyphenation: a‧te

### Noun

ate
* (anatomy) liver

## Laboya
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.

### Noun

ate
* (anatomy) liver
* (figurative) heart

#### Derived terms

* ole ate (“friend”)

### References

* Rina, A. Dj., Kabba, John Lado B. (2011) “ate”, in Kamus Bahasa Lamboya, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat [Dictionary of Lamboya Language, West Sumba Regency], Waikabubak: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat, page 6
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qaCay”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Lindu
### Noun

ate
* (anatomy) liver

## Lithuanian
### Alternative forms

* atia

### Etymology

Etymology unclear. Compare Latvian atā. The word may not be very old, and may ultimately derive from French adieu, via a Slavic intermediary.

### Interjection

ate
* (informal) goodbye, ta-ta
    Synonyms: iki, viso gero

#### Usage notes

The interjection was originally restricted to childish language, but it is now used more generally in colloquial speech. The VLKK recommends against using it in official communication.

### References

* 1 2 Rita Miliūnaitė (2010) “Atia ar ate?”, in kalbosnamai.lt, LKI
* 1 2 “atia, ate”, in Konsultacijų bankas [Consultation bank], Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija [Commission on the Lithuanian language], 2003–2025

## Mandinka
### Pronoun

ate
* he, him (personal pronoun)
* she, her (personal pronoun)
* it (personal pronoun)

#### See also
## Maori
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *qate, from Proto-Oceanic *qate (compare with Fijian yate), from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay (compare with Malay hati and Tagalog atay), from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay. Compare with Malay hati for similar connections of this organ with emotions.

### Noun

ate
* (anatomy) liver (organ of the body)
* heart (seat of emotions)

### References

* ↑ Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary‎, Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 28
* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “ate.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 189-91

### Further reading

* “ate” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Middle English
### Noun

ate
* Alternative form of ote

## Mori Bawah
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔate/

### Noun

ate
* liver

### References

* The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar (2013, →ISBN, page 684

## Nias
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.

### Noun

ate (mutated form gate)
* liver

### References

* Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905. Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 21.

## Ojibwe
### Verb

ate (changed conjunct form eteg, reduplicated form ayate, augmented form atemagad)
* be (in a certain place)
    Gii-kwanabise iwe biskitenaagan imaa adoopowinaakong gaa-ateg.The birch bark tray that was sitting on the table tipped over.

#### See also

* abi
* ayaa
* biinde
* dagon

### References

* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/ate-vii

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* ǣte

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aitā.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑː.te/

### Noun

āte f
* oat

#### Declension

Weak feminine (n-stem):

#### Related terms

* ātih

#### Descendants

* Middle English: ate, ote
** English: oat
** Scots: ate, ait, yit

## Portuguese
### Verb

ate
* inflection of atar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Sahu
### Etymology

Cognate with Ternate hate.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.te/

### Noun

ate
* tree

### References

* Leontine Visser, Clemens Voorhoeve (1987) Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary, Brill

## Scots
### Noun

ate (plural ates)
* Alternative form of ait (“oat”)

#### References

* “ate, n.$^2$”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈate/ [ˈa.t̪e]
* Rhymes: -ate
* Syllabification: a‧te

### Etymology 1

Of Nahuatl origin.

#### Noun

ate m (plural ates)
* a kind of Mexican jelly candy made by cooking fruit pulp, usually from guava, quince, peach or prickly pear
    Synonym: dulce

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

ate
* inflection of atar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “ate”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Hokkien 阿姊 (á-chí / á-ché, “eldest sister”) as per Chan-Yap (1980) and Manuel (1948). Compare Indonesian ace, Kapampangan atsi, Remontado Agta itti. Doublet of atsi.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ˈʔate/ [ˈʔaː.t̪ɛ]
*** Rhymes: -ate
*** Homophone: Ate
** IPA: /ʔaˈte/ [ʔɐˈt̪ɛ] (uncommon)
*** Rhymes: -e
* Syllabification: a‧te

#### Noun

ate (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆᜒ)
* elder sister; big sister
    Synonyms: (Nueva Ecija) ateng, (Chinese Filipino) atsi
    Nagluto sina ate at nanay ng pananghalian namin.Our big sister and mother cooked our lunch.
* eldest sister
* (informal) term of address for a female senior (in school, work, etc.)
    Synonyms: (Nueva Ecija) ateng, (Chinese Filipino) atsi
    Tinanong ko si ate sa hayskul, "Ate, ano po ang mga gawain niyo sa hayskul".I asked my senior from high school, "Miss, what activities do you do in high school?"
* (informal) term of address for any young female perceived to be older than the speaker: miss; sis
    Synonym: (Nueva Ecija) ateng
    Bumili ako ng pagkain kay ate.I bought food from the miss.
* (Laguna, Quezon, informal) aunt

##### Alternative forms

* ati
* te — colloquial

##### Coordinate terms

* kuya

##### Derived terms

* Ate
* ateng
* atihin
* mag-ate

##### Related terms

* atsi
* ditse
* sanse
* sitse

#### See also

* ale
* binibini
* kaka
* manang

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈteʔ/ [ʔɐˈt̪ɛʔ]
* Rhymes: -eʔ
* Syllabification: a‧te

#### Noun

atê (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆᜒ)
* (childish) dirt
    Synonyms: atse, tsetse, aa

### Further reading

* “ate”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Chan-Yap, Gloria (1980) “Hokkien Chinese borrowings in Tagalog”, in Pacific Linguistics, volume B, number 71 (PDF), Canberra, A.C.T. 2600.: The Australian National University, page 141
* Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948) Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications, page 14
* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “阿姊”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
* Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “ché”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, With the Principal Variations of the Chang-chew and Chin-chew Dialects. (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 30; New Edition, With Corrections by the Author., Thomas Barclay, Lîm Iàn-sîn 林燕臣, London: Publishing Office of the Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 30
* Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “chí”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, With the Principal Variations of the Chang-chew and Chin-chew Dialects. (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 38; New Edition, With Corrections by the Author., Thomas Barclay, Lîm Iàn-sîn 林燕臣, London: Publishing Office of the Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 38

### Anagrams

* tae

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈa.te]

### Verb

ate
* (intransitive) to connect

#### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Tocharian B
### Alternative forms

* at
* attai
* āte

### Etymology

Probably from Proto-Tocharian *āté, from Proto-Indo-European *éti (“beyond, over”) or *h₂éti (“away, back, again”).

### Adverb

ate
* away

### Further reading

* Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ate”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 10

## Wauja
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈtɛ/

### Interjection

ate
* ow, ouch (expressing pain in response to heat)
    Ate! Inyatapai itsei! ― Ow! [The] fire is hot! [I got singed or burned].

### References

* E. Ireland field notes. Need to be checked by native speaker.