# odi
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin odium. Doublet of oi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈɔ.ði]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: o‧di

### Noun

odi m (plural odis)
* hatred

#### Related terms

* odiar
* odiós

### Further reading

* “odi” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
* “odi”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “odi” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔ.di/
* Rhymes: -ɔdi
* Hyphenation: ò‧di

### Noun

odi m pl
* plural of odio

### Noun

odi f pl
* plural of ode

### Verb

odi
* inflection of udire:
** second-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Verb

odi
* inflection of odiare:
** second-person singular present indicative
** first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* Dio, dio, iod

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* (present tense) odiō, (perfect tense) ōdīvī (post-classical)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃e-h₃ód-e ~ h₃e-h₃d-ḗr, reduplicated perfect from the root *h₃ed- (“to hate; to start hating?”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈoː.diː/, [ˈoːd̪iː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈo.di/, [ˈɔːd̪i]

#### Verb

ōdī (present infinitive ōdisse, perfect active ōsus sum); fourth conjugation, no present stem, perfect active forms have present active meaning, deponent in the perfect
* to have an aversion towards, to hate, dislike
** 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 1.38.1–2:Persicōs ōdī, puer, apparātūs, displicent nexae philyrā corōnae.Translation by A.Z. ForemanMy boy: I hate the filigree of Persia. Linden-sewn garlands chafe me with their glamor.
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.5:Nōn adōrābis ea, neque colēs: ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zēlōtēs, vīsitāns inīquitātem patrum in fīliōs, in tertiam et quārtam generātiōnem eōrum quī ōdērunt mē.Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.
* (with infinitive) to feel reluctant to, to hate to, to be loath to
** 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.16:Laetus in praesēns animus quod ultrā est ōderit cūrāre […] And let the mind that's happy in the moment 'Bout that which lies before be loath to worry

##### Usage notes

Irregular for historical reasons as well as to avoid near-homophony (especially for non-urban speakers) with forms of audeō and audiō:
* Used to express a stative meaning, inheriting the Proto-Indo-European usage. As a result, no usual aspectual distinction (imperfect-perfect) is possible.
* The perfect tense expresses a present stative meaning. The pluperfect expresses a past stative meaning.
* Perōsus and exōsus are used in place of present active participles; ōsus is attested in Old Latin.
* To express the passive meaning, various expressions with odium are mainly used.
The form odīvī, classically a solecism, is attested already by the end of the Republic in the past aoristic function; in Late Latin, the imperfect odiō becomes common (see it for details), supplementing ōdī in the present, while perōsus and exōsus acquire the passive meaning.

##### Derived terms

* ōdibilis
* ōsor
* ōsus
* perōdī

##### Related terms

* exōsus
* odiō
* odiōsē
* odiōsus
* odium
* perōsus

##### Descendants

* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *odiō
** Italian: uggire
** Old Catalan: ujar
* Borrowings:
** → Asturian: odiar
** → Catalan: odiar
** → Dalmatian: odiur
** → Galician: odiar
** → Ido: odiar
** → Italian: odiare
** → Portuguese: odiar
** → Spanish: odiar
*** → Papiamentu: odia

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈo.diː/, [ˈɔd̪iː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈo.di/, [ˈɔːd̪i]

#### Noun

odī
* genitive singular of odium

#### Verb

odī
* second-person singular present active imperative of odiō

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “odī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 425
* ↑ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃ed-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 296
* “ōdī” on page 1364 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
* Landgraf, Gustav (1884) “Das Defektivum 'odi' und sein Ersatz”, in Archiv für lateinische Lexicographie und Grammatik mit Einschluss des älteren Mittellateins‎

### Further reading

* “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* odi in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Latvian
### Noun

odi m
* nominative/vocative plural of ods

### Verb

odi
* second-person singular past indicative of ost

## Lombard
### Etymology

From Latin odium.

### Noun

odi
* hatred

## Old High German
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþijaz.

#### Adjective

ōdi
* empty, desolate, void

##### Descendants

* Middle High German: öde
** German: öde, öd

### Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþuz.

#### Adjective

ōdi
* easy, light

##### Derived terms

* ōdlīhho (“easily”)

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

From English howdy.

### Noun

odi
* A greeting; good wishes, regards

### Interjection

odi
* greetings, good day
** ca. 1765, Pieter van Dyk, Nieuwe en nooit bevoorens geziene Onderwyzinge in het Bastert, of Neeger Engels, zoo als het zelve in de Hollandsze Colonien gebruikt word [New and unprecedented instruction in Bastard or Negro English, as it is used in the Dutch colonies]‎, Frankfurt/Madrid: Iberoamericana, retrieved 20 March 2021:Odi mijn heer hoe fa joe tan gran tanki fo myn heer a komi ja fo loeke da pranasie wan trom.Good day, Sir, how are you? Many thanks to Sir, (that) he has come here to look at the plantation on this occasion.

#### Derived terms

* odi-odiboroman

## Volapük
### Pronoun

odi
* accusative singular of od

## Welsh
### Etymology

Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pet-.

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈɔdɪ/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈoːdi/, /ˈɔdi/
* Rhymes: -ɔdɪ

### Verb

odi (first-person singular present odaf)
* (literary) (North Wales) to snow
    Synonym: bwrw eira
* (literary) to throw, to hurl
    Synonyms: lluchio, taflu

#### Conjugation

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “odi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1

From ò- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ dì (“to block”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ò.dì/

#### Noun

òdì
* opposite or converse of something; negative
* antonym
* antithesis
* wrong side, deviance, aberration
    Synonym: òdìkejì
    O ti wọ òdì aṣọ. ― You've worn your clothes inside out.

##### Derived terms

* òdìkejì (“opposite side”)
* ìṣòdì àìgbéléwọ̀n (“complementarity”)
* ṣòdì (“to be wrong”)
* òdì àgbéléwọ̀n (“antonymy”)

### Etymology 2

From o- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ dì (“to block”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ō.dì/

#### Noun

odì
* grudge, malice, feud
    wọ́n ń ṣe odì pẹ̀lú ara wọnThey were having malice towards one another

##### Derived terms

* dóòdì (“to be taboo”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ō.dì/

#### Noun

odì
* (Ijebu, historical) class of royal messengers
    Synonym: ẹmẹsẹ̀

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ò.dí/

#### Noun

òdí
* anger, range
    Synonym: ìbínú
    ọmọ yẹ́n fa òdí yọThat child responded with anger

##### Derived terms

* olódìí (“angry person”)

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ō.dī/

#### Noun

odi
* wall, fortress; (especially) walls around a city or town

##### Derived terms

* ẹ̀yìn-odi (“far away place”)
* odi àmọlà (“outer wall”)

##### Related terms

* ibodè (“border, city gate”)

### Etymology 6
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ō.dī/

#### Noun

odi
* deaf and or mute person
    Synonyms: odinúyàn, adití
    ọmọ́ ti ya odiThe child has become deaf

### Etymology 7
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ō.dī/

#### Noun

odi
* heavy bunch of fruit
    Synonyms: pádi, gban̄gba