# rose
## English

Wikispecies

### Etymology 1

From Middle English rose, roose, from Old English rōse, but with its vowel influenced by Old French rose, both from Latin rosa.
The Latin is of uncertain origin, but likely via Oscan from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) (Aeolic ϝρόδον (wródon)), from Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower”) (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀- (var$^ə$δa-), Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr, late Middle Persian [Term?] (gwl /⁠gul⁠/), Persian گل (gol, “rose, flower”), and Middle Iranian borrowings including Old Armenian վարդ (vard, “rose”), Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā) / ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Arabic وَرْدَة (warda), Hebrew וֶרֶד (wéreḏ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰos (“sweetbriar”) (compare Old English word (“thornbush”), Latin rubus (“bramble”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)). Possibly ultimately a derivation from a verb for "to grow" only attested in Indo-Iranian (*Hwardʰ-, compare Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati), with relatives in Avestan).

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ɹəʊz/, [ɹ̠ʷəʊz̥]
* (US) IPA: /ɹoʊz/, [ɻʷö̞ʊz̥]
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (Canada):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊz
* Homophones: rows, roes, rhos

#### Noun

rose (countable and uncountable, plural roses)
* A shrub of the genus Rosa, with red, pink, white or yellow flowers.
* A flower of the rose plant.
** c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:Iu. 'Tis but thy name that is my Enemy: Thou art thy ſelfe... What's in a name? That which we call a Roſe, By any other word would ſmell as ſweete...
** 1794, Robert Burns, "A Red, Red Rose:"
    O my Luve's like a red, red rose That's newly sprung in june...
** 1913, Gertrude Stein, Sacred Emily:Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.
* A plant or species in the rose family. (Rosaceae)
* Something resembling a rose flower.
* (mathematics) A bouquet of circles.
* (heraldry) The rose flower, usually depicted with five petals, five barbs, and a circular seed.
* (countable, uncountable) A purplish-red or pink color, the color of some rose flowers.
    Web rose:
    rose-pink:
* A round nozzle for a sprinkling can or hose.
* The usually circular base of a light socket in the ceiling, from which the fitting or chandelier is suspended.
* Any of various large, red-bodied, papilionid butterflies of the genus Pachliopta.
* (mathematics) Any of various flower-like polar graphs of sinusoids or their squares.
* (mathematics, graph theory) A graph with only one vertex.

##### Descendants

* → Marshallese: rooj
* → Tokelauan: loha

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

rose (third-person singular simple present roses, present participle rosing, simple past and past participle rosed)
* (poetic, transitive) To make rose-colored; to redden or flush.
** 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:A maid yet rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty.
* (poetic, transitive) To perfume, as with roses.
** 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “(please specify the page number, or |part=Prologue, I to VII, or conclusion)”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:the very nape of her white neck Was rosed with indignation

#### Adjective

rose (not comparable)
* Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy.

##### Translations
#### Derived terms

* antique rose
* apple rose
* ashes of rose, ashes-of-rose
* bed of roses
* bloom is off the rose, blush is off the rose
* ceiling rose
* cliffrose
* come out smelling like a rose
* come up roses
* come up smelling like a rose
* compass rose
* cottonrose
* couleur de rose
* dusty rose
* English rose
* every rose has a thorn
* every rose has its thorn
* famille rose
* fresh as a rose
* Glen Rose
* look through rose-colored glasses
* look through rose-tinted glasses
* love rose
* Luther rose
* no rose without a thorn
* old rose
* pin a rose on your nose
* raspberry rose
* Red Rose of Lancaster
* rockrose
* roseal
* roseate
* Rose Bay
* rosebed
* rose bengal
* roseberry
* rose between two thorns
* rose bit
* Rose Bowl
* rosebowl
* rose box
* rose-breasted cockatoo
* rosebud
* rose burner
* rosebush
* rose camphor
* Rose City
* rose cold
* rose-colored lenses
* rose-coloured glasses, rose-colored glasses
* rose-coloured, rose-colored
* rose-coloured spectacles
* rose comb
* rose curve
* rose cut, rose-cut
* rose diagram
* rose diamond
* rosedrop
* rose ear
* rose engine
* rose fever
* rose garden, rose-garden, rosegarden
* rose garnet
* rose gold
* Rose Green (place names)
* Rose Grove
* rosehead
* Rose Hill, Rosehill
* Rose Hills
* rosehip, rose hip, rose-hip
* rose-hued
* rose key
* rose-key
* rose knot
* rose lake
* roseless
* roselet
* roselike
* roseling
* Roseman
* rosemary
* rose meat
* rose moon
* Rosemount
* rosen
* rose nail
* roseness
* rose noble
* Rose of Lancaster
* rose oil
* roseola
* rose oxide
* rose petal, rose-petal, rosepetal
* rose-pink, rosepink
* rose pipe
* rose-pipe
* rose quartz
* rose rash
* rose red, rose-red
* rosery
* rose syrup
* rose-tint
* rose-tinted
* rose-tinted glasses
* rose-tinted spectacles
* rose topaz
* rose toy
* rosette
* Rose Twitter
* rose veal
* rose vinegar
* rose water, rose water, rosewater
* rose window
* rosewood
* roseworm
* rosewort
* rosish
* rosy
* run for the roses
* sea-rose
* shower rose
* smell like a rose
* stem the rose
* Tudor rose
* under the rose
* Wars of the Roses
* wear rose-colored glasses
* wind rose
* apothecary rose
* apple rose
* Austrian copper rose
* baby rose (Rosa multiflora)
* beach rose (Rosa rugosa)
* Bengal rose
* burnet rose
* bush rose
* cabbage rose (Rosa × centifolia)
* Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata)
* China rose (Rosa chinensis)
* Christmas rose
* cliff rose
* common rose
* cup-rose
* Damascus rose, damask rose (Rosa × damascena)
* desert rose (Adenium spp., Rosa stellata, Gossypium sturtianum)
* dog rose (Rosa canina)
* English rose
* gelder rose (Viburnum opulus)
* gooseberry rose (Rosa stellata)
* guelder rose, guelder-rose (Viburnum opulus)
* gypsy rose
* Jamaica rose
* Japan rose
* Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa, Rosa multiflora)
* Lenten rose
* memorial rose
* moss rose (Portulaca grandiflora)
* multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)
* musk rose (Rosa moschata)
* polyantha rose (Rosa chinensis × Rosa multiflora)
* prairie rose
* Provence rose
* rambler rose, rambling rose
* rock-rose, rock rose (Cistaceae spp.)
* rose acacia, rose-acacia (Robinia hispida)
* rose aphid
* rose apple (Syzygium spp., Angophora costata)
* rose-a-ruby
* rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximium)
* rose beetle (Cetonia aurata, Macrodactylus subspinosus)
* rose-breasted grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)
* rose bug (Macrodactylus subspinosus)
* rose campion (Silene coronaria)
* rose chafer (Macrodactylus subspinosus)
* rose-colored pastor, rose-coloured pastor
* rose-coloured starling, rose-colored starling
* rose-crowned fruit-dove
* rosefinch (Carpodacus spp.)
* rosefish, rose fish (Sebastes norvegicus)
* rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens, Pelargonium capitatum)
* rose gum
* rose laurel
* roseleaf bramble
* roseleaf raspberry
* rose leek
* rose madder
* rose mallow, rose-mallow (Abelmoschus moschatus, Lavatera spp., Hibiscus spp.)
* rose moss (Portulaca grandiflora, Rhodobryum roseum)
* rose myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa)
* rose of Jericho (Anastatica spp., Selaginella lepidophylla, Pallenis hierochuntica)
* rose of Sharon (Pancratium maritimum, Hypericum calycinum, Hibiscus syriacus)
* rose periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
* rose-ringed parakeet
* rose robin
* roseroot (Rhodiola rosea)
* rose sage
* rose sawfly
* rose she-oak
* rose slug
* rose twisted-stalk
* rosewood
* rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa)
* saltspray rose (Rosa rugosa)
* snow-rose
* standard rose
* star rose (Rosa stellata)
* Sturt's desert rose (Gossypium sturtianum)
* sunrose (Cistaceae spp.)
* tea rose (Rosa odorata, Rosa chinensis, and hybrids)
* wild rose
* wood rose

#### See also

* blood red
* brick red
* burgundy
* cardinal
* carmine
* carnation
* cerise
* cherry
* cherry red
* Chinese red
* cinnabar
* claret
* crimson
* damask
* fire brick
* fire engine red
* flame
* flamingo
* fuchsia
* garnet
* geranium
* gules
* hot pink
* incarnadine
* Indian red
* magenta
* maroon
* misty rose
* nacarat
* oxblood
* pillar-box red
* pink
* Pompeian red
* poppy
* raspberry
* red violet
* rose
* rouge
* ruby
* ruddy
* salmon
* sanguine
* scarlet
* shocking pink
* stammel
* strawberry
* Turkey red
* Venetian red
* vermilion
* vinaceous
* vinous
* violet red
* wine

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

rose
* simple past of rise
* (now colloquial and nonstandard) past participle of rise
** 1775, The Complete Gazetteer of England and Wales […] ‎, volume 1, G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, page 154:Chidley-Mount, Som. on the other ſide of the Parret, oppoſite to Bridgewater, which is ſuppoſed to have roſe from its ruins.
** 1805, Cobbett's Political Register, volume 8, page 89:Here the genius of agriculture seems to have rose above its dawn.
** 2006 January 30, Timothy Stagich, Conscious Ascension: The Global Rise of Mankind Out of the Depths of Conflict‎, Global Leadership Resources, →ISBN, page 86:And, it has often been in the most oppressed of times that human beings have rose up and discovered their greatest potential.

##### Related terms

* arisen
* arose
* risen
* rising

### Etymology 3

From French rosé (“pinkish”).

#### Noun

rose (plural roses)
* Alternative spelling of rosé

### Anagrams

* reos, 'orse, REOs, ROEs, roes, RoEs, Roes, eors, orse, ores, öres, sore, Reos, EORs, sero-, eros, Eros, EROS

### References

* “rose”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

## Afrikaans
### Noun

rose
* plural of roos

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrosɛ]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

rose f
* dative/locative singular of rosa

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rose
* masculine singular present transgressive of rosit

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From late Old Norse rós, rósa, from Middle Low German rōse, from Latin rosa (“rose”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roːsə/, [ˈʁoːsə]

#### Noun

rose c (singular definite rosen, plural indefinite roser)
* rose (flower, shrub of the genus Rosa)

##### Descendants

* → Greenlandic: ruusa

### Etymology 2

From French rosé.

#### Alternative forms

* rosé

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rose/, [ʁoˈse]

#### Noun

rose c (singular definite roseen, plural indefinite roseer)
* rosé (a pale pink wine)

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3

From Old Norse hrósa, whence dialectal English roose, Old Swedish rōsa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roːsə/, [ˈʁoːsə]

#### Verb

rose (imperative ros, infinitive at rose, present tense roser, past tense roste, perfect tense har rost)
* to praise, commend

##### Conjugation

activepassive
present
roser
roses
past
roste
rostes
infinitive
rose
roses
imperative
ros
participle
present
rosende
past
rost (auxiliary verb have)
gerund
rosen :

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French rose, from Old French rose, borrowed from Latin rosa (the expected form if it was inherited would be *reuse).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁoz/
* (Southern France) IPA: /ʁɔz/
* Audio (Paris); [ˈʁoːɬ]:(file)
* Audio; “une rose”:(file)

### Noun

rose f (plural roses)
* rose (flower)
* rose window
* (heraldry) rose

#### Derived terms

* eau de rose
* envoyer sur les roses
* feuille de rose
* pot aux roses
* rose bonbon
* rose de bois
* rose des bois
* rose des vents
* rose d’Inde
* rose trémière
* ville rose
* voir la vie en rose

### Noun

rose m (plural roses)
* pink

### Adjective

rose (plural roses)
* pink
* (humorous) pink, left-wing
* (colloquial) erotic, blue
* (in phrases) rosy, rose-tinted

#### Derived terms

* crevette rose
* flamant rose
* téléphone rose
* voir la vie en rose

#### Descendants

* Haitian Creole: woz
* Louisiana Creole: ròz, roz
* Mauritian Creole: roz
* Seychellois Creole: roz
* → Greek: ροζ (roz)
* → Luxembourgish: Rous
* → Persian: رز (roz)
* → Romanian: roz

### See also

Colors in French · couleurs (layout · text) :
| blanc | gris | noir |
| rouge; cramoisi, carmin | orange; brun, marron | jaune; crème |
| lime | vert | menthe |
| cyan, turquoise; bleu canard | azur, bleu ciel | bleu |
| violet, lilas; indigo | magenta; pourpre | rose |

### Further reading

* “rose”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* Éros, ores, oser

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin rosa.

### Noun

rose f (plural rosis)
* flower
    Synonym: flôr

#### Related terms

* rosât

## Italian
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

rose pl
* plural of rosa

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rose
* third-person singular past historic of rodere

### Etymology 3
#### Participle

rose f pl
* feminine plural of roso

### Anagrams

* -sore, Reso, orse, reso

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈroː.se/, [ˈroːs̠ɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈro.se/, [ˈrɔːs̬e]

### Participle

rōse
* vocative masculine singular of rōsus

## Lower Sorbian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔsɛ/, [ˈrɔsə]

### Noun

rose
* inflection of rosa:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative plural

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English rōse, from Latin rosa. Reinforced and remodelled on Old French rose, from the same Latin source.

#### Alternative forms

* roose, rosse, roos, ros

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔːz(ə)/, /ˈrɔz(ə)/

#### Noun

rose (plural roses or rosen)
* rose (plant belonging to the genus Rosa)
* rose (flower of the rose plant)
* (heraldry) The rose as a heraldic emblem.
* (figurative) A morally upstanding and virtuous individual.
* reddish-purple; a rosy color

##### Related terms

* rosee
* rosen

##### Descendants

* English: rose (see there for further descendants)
* Scots: rose
* Yola: rowse

##### See also

Colors in Middle English · coloures, hewes (layout · text) :
| whit | grey, hor | blak |
| red; cremesyn, gernet | citrine, aumbre; broun, tawne | yelow, dorry, gul; canevas |
| grasgrene | grene | |
| plunket; ewage | asure, livid | blewe, blo, pers |
| violet; inde | rose, murrey; purpel, purpur | claret |

##### References

* “rō̆se, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-30.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rose
* Alternative form of rosen (“to boast”)

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French rose, from Latin rosa.

### Noun

rose f (plural roses)
* rose (flower)

### Adjective

rose m or f (plural roses)
* rosy; rose-colored

### Descendants

* French: rose (see there for further descendants)
* → Middle Dutch: rose
** Dutch: rose

### References

* rose on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

## Middle High German
### Etymology

Inherited from Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before 13th CE) /ˈroːs̠ə/

### Noun

rōse f or m
* rose
    Ich bin vrô von einer rôsen, diu kan sprëchen süeȥiu wort.I am glad of a rose which can say sweet words.

#### Descendants

* Alemannic German: Roos, Roose
* Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: roas
    Mòcheno: roas
* Central Franconian: Rus
* German: Rose (see there for further descendants)
* Vilamovian: ruuz
* Yiddish: רויז (royz)

### References

* Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “rōse”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

## Norman
### Etymology

From Latin rosa.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Jersey):(file)

### Adjective

rose m or f
* (Jersey) pink (color)
    Synonym: (Guernsey) couleur dé raose

#### Alternative forms

* rôse (Cotentin)

### Noun

rose f (plural roses)
* rose (flower)

#### Derived terms

* pâsse-rose (“peony”)
* rose à sablion, rose dé mielle (“burnet rose”)
* rose à tchian (“common or round-headed poppy, long-headed poppy”)
* rose dé catte
* rose dé mielle
* rose dé Noué (“black hellebore”)
* rose dé papi, rose des clioches (“Canterbury bells”)
* rose dé Sâron, rose dé Sharon
* rose de tchen
* rose d'un jour (“fragrant evening primrose, large-flowered evening primrose, small-flowered evening primrose”)
* rose en bâton (“hollyhock”)
* rose sauvage (“dog rose, sweet briar”)
* rôsette (“rosette”)
* sîmplye rose, doubl'ye rose (“garden rose”)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin rosa, via Old Norse rós and rósa.

### Noun

rose f or m (definite singular rosa or rosen, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)
* a rose (plant and flower of genus Rosa)

#### Derived terms

* rosemaling
* stokkrose

### References

* “rose” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Latin rosa, via Old Norse rós and rósa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²ruːsə/

#### Noun

rose f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)
* a rose (plant and flower of genus Rosa)

##### Derived terms

* rosemåling, rosemaling
* stokkrose
* valdresrose

### Etymology 2

Compare Icelandic rosi.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²roːsə/

#### Noun

rose f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)
* (some coastal dialects) a gust of wind
    Synonym: vindkast

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

rose (present tense rosar/roser, past tense rosa/roste, past participle rosa/rost, passive infinitive rosast, present participle rosande, imperative rose/ros)
* alternative form of rosa

### Further reading

* “rose” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Latin rosa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroː.se/, [ˈroː.ze]

### Noun

rōse f (nominative plural rōsan or rōsa)
* rose

#### Declension

Weak feminine (n-stem):

#### Derived terms

* rōsen

#### Descendants

* Middle English: rose, roose, rosse, roos, ros
** English: rose (see there for further descendants)
** Scots: rose
** Yola: rowse

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “rōse”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Old French
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin rosa.

### Noun

rose oblique singular, f (oblique plural roses, nominative singular rose, nominative plural roses)
* rose (flower)
* rosewater

#### Derived terms

* passerose
* primerose
* rosal
* rosat
* rosee
* rosete

#### Descendants

* Middle French: rose
** French: rose (see there for further descendants)
** → Middle Dutch: rose
*** Dutch: rose
* Norman: rose
* Picard: rose
* Walloon: rôze

### Adjective

rose m (oblique and nominative feminine singular rosee)
* rose-colored

### References

* “rose”, in DEAF: Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français, Heidelberg: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1968-.

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀭𑁄𑀲𑁂 (Brahmi script)
* रोसे (Devanagari script)
* রোসে (Bengali script)
* රොසෙ (Sinhalese script)
* ရောသေ or ရေႃသေ (Burmese script)
* โรเส (Thai script)
* ᩁᩮᩣᩈᩮ (Tai Tham script)
* ໂຣເສ (Lao script)
* រោសេ (Khmer script)
* 𑄢𑄮𑄥𑄬 (Chakma script)

### Noun

rose
* inflection of rosa (“anger”):
** locative singular
** accusative plural

### Verb

rose
* optative active singular of rosati (“to annoy”)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

rose (Cyrillic spelling росе)
* inflection of rosa:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural