# 熙

| 熙 | U+7199, &#29081; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7199 |
| ← 熘 [U+7198] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 熚 → [U+719A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

熙 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 尸山火 (SUF) or 難尸山火 (XSUF), four-corner 7733$_1$, composition ⿱⿰𦣞巳灬)

#### Derived characters

* 𠘕, 𡁱, 㜯, 𤀠, 𤐤, 𩟄, 𬞭, 𭙼

#### Related characters

* 煕 (Orthodox form in Kangxi dictionary)
* 熈, 𤋮, 凞, 焈 (Variant forms)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 678, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2226, character 6
* Unihan data for U+7199

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 熙 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 巳 | *ljɯʔ, *lɯs |
| 祀 | *ljɯʔ |
| 汜 | *ljɯʔ |
| 戺 | *zrɯʔ |
| 起 | *kʰɯʔ |
| 熙 | *qʰlɯ |
| 媐 | *qʰlɯ, *lɯ |
| 圯 | *lɯ |
| 异 | *lɯ, *lɯs |
| 巸 | *lɯ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰlɯ): phonetic 巸 (OC *lɯ) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xī (xi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hî
    (Hailu, HRS): hi$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hi$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hi$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hi$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^1$
*** Yale: hēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hî
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi⁴⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hi$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hi
*** Sinological IPA : /hi⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hi
*** Tâi-lô: hi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hi³³/
*** IPA (Longyan): /hi³³⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hi⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hi$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hi
*** Sinological IPA : /hi³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shi
*** MiniDict: shi$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: xi
Rime :
| Character | 熙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許其切 |
| Baxter | xi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /xiə/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hei$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)ə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰlɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 熙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xi › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰ(r)ə/ |
| English | splendor |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 熙 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12012 |
| Phonetic component | 巳 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 僖 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰlɯ/ |

#### Definitions

熙
* (literary) bright; splendid; glorious
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Mùmù Wén Wáng, yú jīxī jìng zhǐ. [Pinyin]
    Profound was king Wen; Oh! continuous and bright was his feeling of reverence.
* (literary) happy and harmonious
* (literary) to rise; to flourish
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
    Yǔnlí bǎigōng, shùjì xián xī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (literary) Alternative form of 嬉 (“to frolic”)
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Fū Hèxūshì zhī shí, mínjū bùzhī suǒ wéi, xíng bùzhī suǒ zhī, hán bǔ ér xī, gǔ fù ér yóu, mín néng yǐ cǐ yǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yí (yi$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yí
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yí
*** Wade–Giles: i$^2$
*** Yale: yí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
*** Palladius: и (i)
*** Sinological IPA : /i³⁵/

#### Definitions

熙
* a surname

### Compounds

* 光熙
* 劉熙 / 刘熙
* 太熙
* 孔祥熙
* 康熙 (Kāngxī)
* 康熙字典 (Kāngxī Zìdiǎn)
* 徐熙
* 民熙物阜
* 淳熙
* 淳熙閣帖 / 淳熙阁帖
* 熙來攘往 / 熙来攘往
* 熙和 (xīhé)
* 熙寧 / 熙宁
* 熙怡
* 熙提 (xītí)
* 熙攘 (xīrǎng)
* 熙春 (xīchūn)
* 熙朝 (xīcháo)
* 熙洽
* 熙熙 (xīxī)
* 熙熙壤壤
* 熙熙攘攘 (xīxīrǎngrǎng)
* 熙熙融融
* 物阜民熙
* 王熙鳳 / 王熙凤
* 緝熙 / 缉熙
* 郭熙
* 重熙
* 重熙累洽
* 雍熙

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “熙”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 252.
* 郭启熹 [Guo, Qixi], editor (2016), “熙”, in 龙岩方言词典 LONGYAN FANGYAN CIDIAN [Dictionary of Longyan dialect] (overall work in Min Nan and Mandarin), Xiamen: 鷺江出版社 [Lujiang Publishing House], →ISBN, page 57.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* bright; prosperous; merry

#### Readings

* Go-on: き (ki)
* Kan-on: き (ki)
* Kun: ひかり (hikari)、ひかる (hikaru)

#### Compounds

* 熙熙
* 熙笑

## Korean
### Hanja

熙 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

熙: Hán Nôm readings: hây, hy, hi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation