# пушка
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Common Slavic, from Old High German buhsa (“box”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā (“box”), from Late Latin buxis (“box”), from Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís, “boxwood box”). The "firearm" sense dates back to the 14th c.
There are numerous cognates in Slavic and Balkan languages, including Hungarian puska, Romanian pușcă, Albanian pushkë, Czech puška and Russian пу́шка (púška).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpuʃkɐ]
* Syllabification: пу‧шка
* Hyphenation: пуш‧ка

### Noun

пу́шка • (púška) f
* rifle

#### Declension
### References

* “пушка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “пушка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “пушка¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, pages 20-21

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpuʃka]
* Hyphenation: пуш‧ка
* Rhymes: -uʃka

### Noun

пу́шка • (púška) f (plural пу́шки, diminutive пу́вче or пу́шкиче)
* rifle, gun

#### Related terms

* пу́шкар m (púškar)
* пушка́рница f (puškárnica)
* пушка́рање n (puškáranje)

### References

* “пушка” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

## Russian
### Etymology 1

Common Slavic. Inherited from Old East Slavic пушка (puška) / пушька (pušĭka). Further etymology is disputed:
* Vasmer: borrowed from Old High German buhsa via Czech puška, Polish puszka, from Vulgar Latin buxis, from Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís). Initial п- is of Bavarian origin.
* Černyh: possibly from *пущька (*puščĭka), from пущати (puščati, “to throw projectiles; to fire”). On the basis of West Slavic (and partly South Slavic) this word hybridized with Old High German buhsa. Compare Lower Sorbian buška.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpuʂkə]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

пу́шка • (púška) f inan (genitive пу́шки, nominative plural пу́шки, genitive plural пу́шек, relational adjective пу́шечный, diminutive пу́шечка)
* (military) gun, cannon
    90-мм зени́тная пу́шка ― 90-mm zenítnaja púška ― 90-mm anti-aircraft gun
    автомати́ческая пу́шка ― avtomatíčeskaja púška ― autocannon
* (colloquial) piece, handgun
* (colloquial) hoax
* (slang) something evoking strong emotions

##### Usage notes

In modern military usage, пу́шка (púška) refers to an artillery piece with a relatively long barrel, operating with a relatively low angle of fire or as a direct fire weapon, e.g. a field gun, an anti-aircraft gun, or an autocannon.
Historically, the word пу́шка (púška) had been used to refer to any large artillery piece, similarly to the historical usage of the English word cannon.

##### Related terms

* пушка́рь m (puškárʹ)

#### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пушка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “пу́шка”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 86

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʊʂˈka]

#### Noun

пушка́ • (pušká) m inan
* genitive singular of пушо́к (pušók)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Common Slavic, from Old High German būhse, from Latin pyxis, from Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pûʃka/
* Hyphenation: пуш‧ка

### Noun

пу̏шка f (Latin spelling pȕška, diminutive пу̏шкица)
* rifle
* gun

#### Descendants

* → Albanian: pushkë

### Further reading

* “пушка”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025