# 從

| 從 | U+5F9E, &#24478; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F9E |
| ← 徝 [U+5F9D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 徟 → [U+5F9F] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 從 |
| Shinjitai | 従 |
| Simplified | 从 |

### Han character

從 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人人人 (HOOOO), four-corner 2828$_1$, composition ⿰彳⿱从龰)

#### Derived characters

* 傱 㗰 㙡 㜡 嵷 摐 漎 暰 樅 瑽 䐫 瞛 磫 䙕 縱 䗥 豵 蹤 䡮 鏦
* 㞞 㢔 瘲 嵸 蓯 篵 䰌 䢨 慫 熧 㹐 㼻 聳 䳷
* 𢐔 𢕩 𢠰 𤡆 𥡬 𦗜 𨲧 𩀨 𩞆 𪅜 𪖁 𢖗 𧽵 𦌇 𣯨 𧐱 𨄦 𩀰 𩞐 𭜅 𬥯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 368, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10152
* Dae Jaweon: page 692, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 829, character 12
* Unihan data for U+5F9E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 從 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 摐 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloŋ |
| 鏦 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloŋ |
| 豵 | *ʔsloːŋ, *ʔsloŋ |
| 嵸 | *ʔsloːŋ, *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 蓯 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 蹤 | *ʔsloŋ |
| 縱 | *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs |
| 樅 | *ʔsloŋ, *sʰloŋ |
| 磫 | *ʔsloŋ |
| 熧 | *ʔsloŋ |
| 瘲 | *ʔsloŋs |
| 暰 | *sʰloŋ |
| 瑽 | *sʰloŋ |
| 從 | *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs |
| 从 | *zloŋ |
| 慫 | *sloŋʔ |
| 聳 | *sloŋʔ |
| 傱 | *sloŋʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 辵 (“walk”) + 从 (“follow”).

### Etymology 1

Etymology not certain. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan རྫོང་བ (rdzong ba, “to dispatch; to dismiss”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, compare Tibetan སྟོངས་པ (stongs pa, “to accompany”), or perhaps 送 (OC *sloːŋs, “to escort; to send”).
Pronunciation 2 is a derivation of pronunciation 1.

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): cóng (cong$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cong$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цун (cun, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cung$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cung$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhiùng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qiung$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): cung$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̀ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chêng / chn̂g / chiông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cong$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zon / $^2$dzon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zong$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cóng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^2$
*** Yale: tsúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorng
*** Palladius: цун (cun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cong$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰoŋ²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цун (cun, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^4$
*** Yale: chùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: qiung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qiung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qiung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiʊŋ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̀ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng
*** Tâi-lô: tsîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zeeng
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: tsn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zngg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sŋ̍²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sŋ̍¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiông
*** Tâi-lô: tsiông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cong$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshông
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zon
*** MiniDict: zon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zoŋ²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zoŋ²³¹/
** (Northern: Hangzhou, Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^2$dzon
*** MiniDict: dzon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡zoŋ²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /d͡zoŋ³¹³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʊŋ¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡sən¹³/
* Middle Chinese: dzjowng
Rime :
| Character | 從 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 疾容切 |
| Baxter | dzjowng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zuawŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zioŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]oŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zloŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 從 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cóng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzjowng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]oŋ/ |
| English | to follow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 從 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 1858 |
| Phonetic component | 从 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 從 |
| Old Chinese | /*zloŋ/ |

##### Definitions

從
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to follow; to come after
    盲從／盲从 ― mángcóng ― to follow blindly
    從師／从师 ― cóngshī ― to follow a teacher and learn from him/her
* to comply with; to submit to
    順從／顺从 ― shùncóng ― to submit to; to yield to; to obey
       Chādiǎn jiù cóng le tā le! [Pinyin]
       (I) nearly gave in to him (and became his girlfriend). (slang)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to follow the principle of
    從寬處理／从宽处理 ― cóngkuān chùlǐ ― to treat leniently
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to join; to be engaged in
    從軍／从军 ― cóngjūn ― to join the army
* from (a place or time); since
    他從中國來的。／他从中国来的。 ― Tā cóng Zhōngguó lái de. ― He comes from China.
       Huǒchē cóng suìdào lǐ chūlái. [Pinyin]
       The train comes out of the tunnel.
       Nǐ shì cóng nǎ ge guójiā lái de? [Pinyin]
       Where are you from? (Which country are you from?)
       Wǒmen zhǐ néng cóng wǒmen de cuòwù zhōng xuéxí. [Pinyin]
       We can learn only from our mistakes.
       Zhè jiā diàn cóng zǎoshàng 9 diǎn kāi dào wǎnshàng 6 diǎn. [Pinyin]
       This shop is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.
       Wǒmen cóng xiǎoxué sān niánjí jiùshì péngyǒu le. [Pinyin]
       We have been friends since the third grade.
    From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2nd century CE
    Mài: chū wù huò yě. Cóng chū cóng mǎi. [Pinyin]
    賣 / 卖 (mài): To put something out and sell it. Derived from 出 (chū) and 買 / 买 (mǎi).
* through; via; by
       Yī zhèn qīngfēng cóng chuāngkǒu chuī lái. [Pinyin]
       A cool breeze came in through the window.
       Wǒ měi tiān dōu cóng yóujú jīngguò. [Pinyin]
       I go past the post-office every day.
* from; according to
    從目前來看／从目前来看 ― cóng mùqián lái kàn ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (followed by negative) never; ever
       Wǒ yǐqián cóngméi jiàn guò tā. [Pinyin]
       I have never seen her before
    我從不違約。／我从不违约。 ― Wǒ cóngbù wéiyuē. ― I never break my promise.
* 19th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "following" (𝌘)
* a surname

##### Compounds

* 一切從簡 / 一切从简 (yīqiècóngjiǎn)
* 一從 / 一从
* 三從 / 三从 (sāncóng)
* 三從四德 / 三从四德 (sāncóngsìdé)
* 不從 / 不从 (bùcóng)
* 不敢從命 / 不敢从命
* 事從 / 事从
* 何去何從 / 何去何从 (héqùhécóng)
* 何從 / 何从
* 依從 / 依从 (yīcóng)
* 便宜從事 / 便宜从事 (biànyícóngshì)
* 信從 / 信从 (xìncóng)
* 允從 / 允从
* 先從隗始 / 先从隗始
* 冒昧從事 / 冒昧从事
* 力不從心 / 力不从心 (lìbùcóngxīn)
* 力不從願 / 力不从愿
* 去邪從正 / 去邪从正
* 名從主人 / 名从主人 (míngcóngzhǔrén)
* 各從其志 / 各从其志
* 品從 / 品从
* 唯利是從 / 唯利是从
* 唯命是從 / 唯命是从 (wéimìngshìcóng)
* 善善從長 / 善善从长
* 喜從天降 / 喜从天降
* 四德三從 / 四德三从
* 天下從風 / 天下从风
* 天從人願 / 天从人愿
* 夫死從子 / 夫死从子
* 奉從 / 奉从
* 奴從 / 奴从
* 密勿從事 / 密勿从事
* 寧死不從 / 宁死不从
* 屈己從人 / 屈己从人
* 屈從 / 屈从 (qūcóng)
* 廣德從橋 / 广德从桥
* 弭從 / 弭从
* 從一以終 / 从一以终
* 從一而終 / 从一而终 (cóngyī'érzhōng)
* 從中作梗 / 从中作梗
* 從中斡旋 / 从中斡旋
* 從事 / 从事 (cóngshì)
* 從井救人 / 从井救人
* 從人 / 从人 (cóngrén)
* 從今以後 / 从今以后 (cóngjīn yǐhòu)
* 從令如流 / 从令如流
* 從何說起 / 从何说起
* 從來 / 从来 (cónglái)
* 從俗 / 从俗 (cóngsú)
* 從俗就簡 / 从俗就简
* 從價稅 / 从价税
* 從優 / 从优 (cóngyōu)
* 從先 / 从先
* 從公 / 从公
* 從初 / 从初
* 從前 / 从前 (cóngqián)
* 從古至今 / 从古至今
* 從吉 / 从吉
* 從命 / 从命 (cóngmìng)
* 從商 / 从商 (cóngshāng)
* 從善如流 / 从善如流 (cóngshànrúliú)
* 從善若流 / 从善若流
* 從嚴 / 从严 (cóngyán)
* 從坐 / 从坐 (cóngzuò)
* 從天而下 / 从天而下
* 從天而降 / 从天而降 (cóngtiān'érjiàng)
* 從始至終 / 从始至终
* 從嫁 / 从嫁
* 從實招來 / 从实招来 (cóngshízhāolái)
* 從寬 / 从宽 (cóngkuān)
* 從寬發落 / 从宽发落
* 從小 / 从小 (cóngxiǎo)
* 從屬 / 从属 (cóngshǔ)
* 從師 / 从师 (cóngshī)
* 從影 / 从影 (cóngyǐng)
* 從心所欲 / 从心所欲 (cóngxīnsuǒyù)
* 從戎 / 从戎 (cóngróng)
* 從打 / 从打
* 從政 / 从政 (cóngzhèng)
* 從新 / 从新 (cóngxīn)
* 從未 / 从未 (cóngwèi)
* 從格 / 从格
* 從業人員 / 从业人员 (cóngyè rényuán)
* 從業員 / 从业员 (cóngyèyuán)
* 從權 / 从权 (cóngquán)
* 從此 / 从此 (cóngcǐ)
* 從流 / 从流
* 從祀 / 从祀
* 從簡 / 从简 (cóngjiǎn)
* 從缺 / 从缺 (cóngquē)
* 從而 / 从而 (cóng'ér)
* 從良 / 从良 (cóngliáng)
* 從諫如流 / 从谏如流
* 從軍 / 从军 (cóngjūn)
* 從輕發落 / 从轻发落 (cóngqīngfāluò)
* 從速 / 从速 (cóngsù)
* 從長計議 / 从长计议
* 從頭 / 从头 (cóngtóu)
* 從頭再來 / 从头再来
* 從頭到尾 / 从头到尾 (cóngtóudàowěi)
* 從頭到腳 / 从头到脚
* 從頭至尾 / 从头至尾
* 從風 / 从风
* 從風而靡 / 从风而靡
* 從龍 / 从龙
* 惟命是從 / 惟命是从 (wéimìngshìcóng)
* 悲從中來 / 悲从中来 (bēicóngzhōnglái)
* 惡惡從短 / 恶恶从短
* 應天從人 / 应天从人
* 應天從民 / 应天从民
* 應天從物 / 应天从物
* 打從 / 打从 (dǎcóng)
* 投筆從戎 / 投笔从戎 (tóubǐcóngróng)
* 抵死不從 / 抵死不从
* 捨己從人 / 舍己从人
* 擇善而從 / 择善而从
* 改惡從善 / 改恶从善 (gǎi'ècóngshàn)
* 改過從善 / 改过从善
* 改過從新 / 改过从新
* 文從字順 / 文从字顺
* 斷難從命 / 断难从命
* 景從 / 景从
* 景從雲合 / 景从云合
* 景從雲集 / 景从云集
* 曲從 / 曲从
* 朋從 / 朋从
* 服從 / 服从 (fúcóng)
* 木蘭從軍 / 木兰从军
* 枵腹從公 / 枵腹从公
* 棄邪從正 / 弃邪从正
* 河伯從事 / 河伯从事
* 溯流從源 / 溯流从源
* 無從 / 无从 (wúcóng)
* 無從下手 / 无从下手
* 無所適從 / 无所适从 (wúsuǒshìcóng)
* 病從口入 / 病从口入
* 盲從 / 盲从 (mángcóng)
* 相從 / 相从
* 省煩從簡 / 省烦从简
* 相類相從 / 相类相从
* 禍從口出 / 祸从口出
* 禍從天降 / 祸从天降
* 笑罵從汝 / 笑骂从汝
* 聽從 / 听从 (tīngcóng)
* 自從 / 自从 (zìcóng)
* 舍己從人 / 舍己从人
* 舍正從邪 / 舍正从邪
* 舍短從長 / 舍短从长
* 苟容曲從 / 苟容曲从
* 草偃風從 / 草偃风从
* 言從計納 / 言从计纳
* 言從計行 / 言从计行
* 言聽行從 / 言听行从
* 言聽計從 / 言听计从 (yántīngjìcóng)
* 言行計從 / 言行计从
* 負笈從師 / 负笈从师
* 資從 / 资从
* 賓從 / 宾从
* 跟從 / 跟从 (gēncóng)
* 軍法從事 / 军法从事 (jūnfǎ cóngshì)
* 過從 / 过从 (guòcóng)
* 過從甚密 / 过从甚密
* 道近易從 / 道近易从
* 適從 / 适从 (shìcóng)
* 遵從 / 遵从 (zūncóng)
* 阿意曲從 / 阿意曲从
* 降心相從 / 降心相从
* 隔從 / 隔从
* 青州從事 / 青州从事
* 非類相從 / 非类相从
* 靡然從風 / 靡然从风
* 面從 / 面从
* 順從 / 顺从 (shùncóng)
* 風從 / 风从
* 風從響應 / 风从响应
* 風行草從 / 风行草从
* 馬虎從事 / 马虎从事

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cóng, zòng (cong$^2$, zong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ, ㄗㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiōng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cóng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^2$
*** Yale: tsúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorng
*** Palladius: цун (cun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^4$
*** Yale: dzùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
*** Palladius: цзун (czun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^6$
*** Yale: juhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng
*** Tâi-lô: tsiōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: dzjowngH
Rime :
| Character | 從 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 疾用切 |
| Baxter | dzjowngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɨoŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zioŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zioŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zuawŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zioŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭwoŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯woŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zung$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]oŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zloŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 從 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zòng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzjowng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]oŋ-s/ |
| English | follower |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 從 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 1859 |
| Phonetic component | 从 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 從 |
| Old Chinese | /*zloŋs/ |

##### Definitions

從
* (of relatives) paternal (with the same surname)
    從兄／从兄 ― cóngxiōng ― paternal male cousin elder than oneself with the same surname
* auxiliary; subsidiary
    從屬／从属 ― cóngshǔ ― subordinate
* follower; attendant; entourage
    侍從／侍从 ― shìcóng ― attendant

##### Compounds

* 不分主從 / 不分主从
* 主從 / 主从 (zhǔcóng)
* 主從架構 / 主从架构
* 侍從 / 侍从 (shìcóng)
* 傔從 / 傔从
* 僕從 / 仆从 (púcóng)
* 儀從 / 仪从
* 其從如雲 / 其从如云
* 嬪從 / 嫔从
* 從伯 / 从伯
* 從兄 / 从兄 (cóngxiōng)
* 從兄弟 / 从兄弟 (cóngxiōngdì)
* 從刑 / 从刑 (cóngxíng)
* 從吏 / 从吏
* 從女 / 从女
* 從子 / 从子
* 從官 / 从官
* 從弟 / 从弟 (cóngdì)
* 從母 / 从母
* 從法 / 从法
* 從父 / 从父
* 從犯 / 从犯 (cóngfàn)
* 從罰 / 从罚
* 從者 / 从者 (cóngzhě)
* 扈從 / 扈从 (hùcóng)
* 欲不可從 / 欲不可从
* 祗從 / 祗从
* 義從 / 义从
* 群從 / 群从
* 脅從 / 胁从 (xiécóng)
* 衛從 / 卫从
* 護從 / 护从 (hùcóng)
* 賢從 / 贤从
* 輕裝簡從 / 轻装简从
* 輕車簡從 / 轻车简从
* 輿從 / 舆从
* 部從 / 部从
* 隨從 / 随从
* 雞尸牛從 / 鸡尸牛从
* 首從 / 首从
* 騎從 / 骑从
* 騶從 / 驺从

##### Descendants

* → Korean: 종 (jong, “servant; slave”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cóng, cōng (cong$^2$, cong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ, ㄘㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sung$^1$ / cung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cung$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$tshon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cóng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cóng
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^2$
*** Yale: tsúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorng
*** Palladius: цун (cun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cong
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻung$^1$
*** Yale: tsūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong
*** Palladius: цун (cun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sung$^1$ / cung$^1$
*** Yale: sūng / chūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sung$^1$ / tsung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sung$^1$ / cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
*** Tâi-lô: tshiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshon
*** MiniDict: tshon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰoŋ⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sʰoŋ³³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: tshjowng
Rime :
| Character | 從 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七恭切 |
| Baxter | tshjowng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰuawŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰioŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zloŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 從 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 1856 |
| Phonetic component | 从 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 樅 |
| Old Chinese | /*zloŋ/ |

#### Definitions

從
* Only used in 從容／从容 (cóngróng, “calm; at ease”).

#### Compounds

* 家道從容 / 家道从容
* 從容 / 从容
* 從容不迫 / 从容不迫
* 從容就義 / 从容就义
* 從容自在 / 从容自在
* 從容自如 / 从容自如
* 從容自若 / 从容自若
* 從從容容 / 从从容容 (cōngcōngróngróng)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zòng, zōng (zong$^4$, zong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥˋ, ㄗㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$ / zung$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiong / chhiòng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^4$
*** Yale: dzùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
*** Palladius: цзун (czun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zong
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^1$
*** Yale: dzūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzong
*** Palladius: цзун (czun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$ / zung$^3$
*** Yale: jūng / jung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$ / dzung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$ / zung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʊŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong / chhiòng
*** Tâi-lô: tsiong / tshiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng, chioxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³/, /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰiɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsoŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 從 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsjowng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsoŋ/ |
| English | longitudinal |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

從
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 縱 / 纵 (“straight; vertical”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 縱 / 纵 (“to give free reign to”)

#### Compounds

* 合從 / 合从 (hézòng)
* 從約 / 从约
* 從衡 / 从衡
* 約從 / 约从

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zōng (zong$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zung$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zong
*** Wade–Giles: tsung$^1$
*** Yale: dzūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzong
*** Palladius: цзун (czun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zung$^1$
*** Yale: jūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong
*** Tâi-lô: tsiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

從
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 蹤 / 踪 (zōng)

### References

* “從”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 従 |
| Kyūjitai | 從 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 従)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)、じゅ (ju)、じゅう (jū)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan’yō-on: じゅう (jū)
* Kun: したがう (shitagau, 從う)、したがえる (shitagaeru, 從える)、より (yori)

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 從 (MC dzjowng).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 쬬ᇰ (Yale: ccyòng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | Recorded as Middle Korean 쬬ᇰ (Yale: ccyòng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 조ᄎᆞᆯ 죵 | Recorded as Middle Korean 죵 (cywong) (Yale: cyong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
| Early Modern Korean |||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 조ᄎᆞᆯ 죵 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 죵 (Yale: cyong) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [종]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 從 (eumhun 좇을 종 (jocheul jong))
* hanja form of 종 (“to follow; to pursue”)
* hanja form of 종 (“to obey; to comply”)
* hanja form of 종 (“from; since”)

#### Compounds

* 곡종 (曲從, gokjong)
* 맹종 (盲從, maengjong)
* 복종 (服從, bokjong)
* 부종 (不從, bujong)
* 부종 (附從, bujong)
* 상종 (相從, sangjong)
* 순종 (順從, sunjong)
* 시종 (侍從, sijong)
* 자종 (自從, jajong)
* 종관 (從官, jonggwan)
* 종국 (從國, jongguk)
* 종군 (從軍, jonggun)
* 종래 (從來, jongnae)
* 종량 (從量, jongnyang)
* 종물 (從物, jongmul)
* 종사 (從事, jongsa)
* 종속 (從屬, jongsok)
* 종신 (從臣, jongsin)
* 종위 (從違, jong'wi)
* 종자 (從者, jongja)
* 종전 (從前, jongjeon)
* 종졸 (從卒, jongjol)
* 주종 (主從, jujong)
* 추종 (追從, chujong)
* 합종 (合從, hapjong)
* 호종 (護從, hojong)
* 후종 (後從, hujong)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 從 (MC dzjowngH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 쬬ᇰ〮 (Yale: ccyóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | Recorded as Middle Korean 쬬ᇰ〮 (Yale: ccyóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. |
| Early Modern Korean |||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 결ᄂᆡ 죵 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 죵 (Yale: cyong) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕo̞(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [종(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Hanja

從 (eum 종 (jong))
* hanja form of 종 (“prefix indicating cousinhood”)
    Synonym: 堂 (당 (dang))

#### Compounds

* 고종 (姑從, gojong)
* 내종 (內從, naejong)
* 사종 (四從, sajong)
* 외종 (外從, oejong)
* 이종 (姨從, ijong)
* 재종 (再從, jaejong)
* 종고 (從姑, jonggo)
* 종매 (從妹, jongmae)
* 종백 (從伯, jongbaek)
* 종손 (從孫, jongson)
* 종수 (從嫂, jongsu)
* 종숙 (從叔, jongsuk)
* 종자 (從姊, jongja)
* 종자 (從子, jongja)
* 종제 (從弟, jongje)
* 종조 (從祖, jongjo)
* 종질 (從姪, jongjil)
* 종형 (從兄, jonghyeong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

從: Hán Nôm readings: tòng, tùng, thủng, tuồng, thong, thung, thùng, tồng, tụng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nôm Foundation