# camera
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin camera (“chamber or bedchamber”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”), of Old Iranian origin, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā- (“something curved”), from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”). Doublet of chamber.
(device): A clipping of camera obscura, from New Latin camera obscura (“dark chamber”), because the first cameras used a pinhole and a dark room.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ˈkæməɹə/, /ˈkæmɹə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: cam‧er‧a, cam‧era

### Noun

camera (plural cameras or (rare) cameræ or (rare) camerae)
* (photography) A device for taking still or moving pictures or photographs.
** 2013 July-August, Fenella Saunders, “Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail. It’s therefore not surprising that most cameras mimic this arrangement.
* (computer graphics, video games) The viewpoint in a three-dimensional game or simulation.
** 2003, Tom Meigs, Ultimate game design: building game worlds:If you're building a third-person game with enclosed or tight spaces, try to figure out up front what camera problems you will likely encounter. Use this identification process to influence the early building process.
** 2006, Patrick O'Luanaigh, Game Design Complete:I'm talking about the way the camera flies up above the skater when you leap into the air. No one had done it before.
* A vaulted room.
* A judge's private chamber, where cases may be heard in camera.

#### Derived terms

* aerial camera
* aerocamera
* Anger camera
* Baker-Nunn camera
* body camera
* body-worn camera
* box camera
* camback
* camcorder
* camera angle
* camera clara
* camera club
* camera flash
* camera fright
* camera left
* cameraless
* cameralike
* camera lucida
* cameraman
* camera move
* camera obscura
* cameraperson
* cameraphone
* camera phone
* camera ready
* camera rehearsal
* camera right
* camera roll
* camera shake
* camera shot
* camera-shy
* cameratic
* camera trap
* camerawoman
* camera-worker
* camera worker
* camerist
* camfecting
* candid camera
* CCTV camera
* ciné camera
* cine camera
* cold camera
* compact camera
* dashcam
* digital camera
* digital still camera
* document camera
* fan camera
* fan camera photography
* game camera
* gamma camera
* gastrocamera
* holocamera
* in camera
* instant camera
* IP camera
* Land camera
* lightfield camera
* lights, camera, action
* magazine camera
* make love to the camera
* microcamera
* minicamera
* mirrorless camera
* movie camera
* multicamera
* nanocamera
* noncamera
* off-camera
* off camera
* on-camera
* on camera
* piece to camera
* pin camera
* pinhole camera
* red-light camera
* red light camera
* reflex camera
* Schmidt camera
* scintillation camera
* security camera
* selfie camera
* speed camera
* stereo camera
* stereocamera
* streak camera
* stump camera
* surveillance camera
* the camera never lies
* thermal camera
* thermocamera
* trail camera
* tricamera
* tri-camera photography
* video camera
* view camera
* wearable camera
* webcamera

#### Related terms

* bicameral
* camerated

#### Descendants

* Tok Pisin: kamera
* → Arabic: كاميرا (kāmērā)
* → Assamese: কেমেৰা (kemera)
* → Bengali: ক্যামেরা (kêmera)
* → Burmese: ကင်မရာ (kangma.ra)
* → Catalan: càmera
* → French: caméra
** → Turkish: kamera
* → Gujarati: કેમેરા (kemerā)
* → Hindi: कैमरा (kaimrā)
* → Hungarian: kamera
* → Irish: ceamara
* → Hausa: kyamara
* → Japanese: カメラ (kamera)
** → Hokkien: kha-mé-lah
* → Kannada: ಕ್ಯಾಮೆರಾ (kyāmerā)
* → Korean: 카메라 (kamera)
* → Luhya: ekamera
* → Manx: camerey
* → Malay: kamera
* → Maori: kāmera
* → Marathi: कॅमेरा (kĕmerā)
* → Nepali: क्यामेरा (kyāmerā)
* → Norman: caméra, quéméreu
* → Occitan: camerà
* → Punjabi: ਕਮਰਾ (kamrā)
* → Pashto: کامره (kāmrá), کېمره (kemrá)
* → Persian: کامرا (kâmerâ)
* → Romanian: cameră
* → Scottish Gaelic: camara
* → Swahili: kamera
* → Tamil: கேமரா (kēmarā)
* → Telugu: కెమెరా (kemerā)
* → Urdu: کیمرہ (kaimra)
* → Welsh: camera
* → Yoruba: kámẹ́rà

#### Translations

* A user suggests that this English entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “movie camera entries are a mess”.
* Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Further reading

* camera on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “camera”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “camera”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “camera”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* Macrae, Macera

## Dutch
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from New Latin camera obscura (“dark chamber”), from Latin camera (“chamber, bedchamber”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaː.mə.raː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ca‧me‧ra

### Noun

camera f (plural camera's, diminutive cameraatje n)
* camera

#### Derived terms

* cameralens
* cameraman
* cameraploeg
* cameraval
* cameravrouw
* digitale camera
* fotocamera
* spiegelreflexcamera
* videocamera

#### Related terms

* camcorder
* kamer
* webcam

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: kamera
* → Indonesian: kamera

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Canada):(file)

### Verb

camera
* third-person singular simple future of camer

## Interlingua
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.me.ra/

### Noun

camera (plural cameras)
* room, chamber

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára). Doublet of zambra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.me.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -amera
* Hyphenation: cà‧me‧ra

### Noun

camera f (plural camere, diminutive camerétta or camerìna or camerìno m or (literary) camerèlla, augmentative cameróna or cameróne m, pejorative cameràccia, derogatory camerùccia)
* room; chamber (all senses)
    Synonyms: stanza, sala
* bedroom
* assembly, parliament
* camera (for taking moving pictures)
    Synonym: telecamera

#### Derived terms

* camera d'aria
* camera da letto
* camera oscura
* camerare
* cameriere
* fotocamera
* musica da camera
* telecamera
* unicamerale
* unicamerismo
* videocamera

#### Related terms

* camerlengo

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: قمرة (qamara, qamra)
* → Ottoman Turkish: قامره, قماره
** Turkish: kamara
** → Armenian: խամառա (xamaṙa)
* → Serbo-Croatian: kamara / камара

### Anagrams

* arcame, macera

## Ladin
### Etymology

From Latin camera.

### Noun

camera f (plural cameres)
* chamber, room

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek καμάρᾱ (kamárā, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”).

#### Alternative forms

* camara (Classical Latin)
* cambra (Medieval Latin)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈka.me.ra/, [ˈkämɛrä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈka.me.ra/, [ˈkäːmerä]

#### Noun

camera f (genitive camerae); first declension
* A chamber in its various senses, including:
** A room, especially a vaulted room, a vault.
** A deliberative body.

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* camella
* camera obscura (New Latin)
** → Dutch: camera
*** Afrikaans: kamera
*** → Indonesian: kamera
** → English: camera (see there for further descendants)
** → German: Kamera
*** → Czech: kamera
*** → Estonian: kaamera
*** →? Finnish: kamera
** → Swedish: kamera
* concamerō

##### Descendants

Many forms are from the variant camara.
* Padanian:
** Rhaeto-Romance:
*** Friulian: cjamare
*** Ladin: camera
*** Romansch: chombra, chambra, combra, tgombra
** Venetan: canbra, cànbera, càmera, càmara
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: camera
*** → Arabic: قمرة (qamara, qamra)
*** → Ottoman Turkish: قامره, قماره
**** Turkish: kamara
**** → Armenian: խամառա (xamaṙa)
*** → Serbo-Croatian: kamara / камара
** Gallurese: cambara
** Sassarese: camara
** Sicilian: càmmara, càmmira
*** → Maltese: kamra
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: chambre (see there for further descendants)
* Occitano-Romance:
** Catalan: cambra
** Old Occitan: cambra, chambra
*** Occitan: cambra, chambra
* West Iberian:
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: cámara
** Old Galician-Portuguese: camara
*** Galician: cámara
*** Portuguese: câmara, cambra (see there for further descendants)
** Old Spanish: cambra
*** Spanish: cambra (obsolete)

###### Borrowings

* → Albanian: kamerë
* → Amharic: ካሜራ (kamera)
* → Azerbaijani: kamera
* → Belarusian: камера (kamjera)
* → Bole: kemara
* → Bulgarian: камера (kamera)
* → Cornish: kamera
* → Proto-West Germanic: *kamarā (see there for further descendants)
* → Crimean Tatar: kamera
* → Georgian: კამერა (ḳamera)
* → Greek: κάμαρα (kámara) (see there for further descendants)
* → Hungarian: kamara
* → Indonesian: kamera
* → Kazakh: камера (kamera)
* → Kyrgyz: камера (kamera)
* → Latvian: kamera
* → Lithuanian: kamera, kambarys
* → Norwegian: kamera
* → Polish: kamera
* → Romanian: cameră (see there for further descendants)
* → Russian: ка́мера (kámera)
* → Serbo-Croatian: kamera / камера
* → Proto-Slavic: *komora
** East Slavic
*** → Russian: камора (kamora)
*** → Ukrainian: комора (komora)
** South Slavic
*** → Macedonian: комора (komora)
*** → Serbo-Croatian: komora / комора
** West Slavic
*** → Czech: komora
*** → Polish: komora
*** → Sorbian:
    Lower Sorbian: komora
    Upper Sorbian: komora
** → Romanian: comoară
* → Old Spanish: camara (semi-learned) (or from Old Portuguese)
** Spanish: cámara
* → Tajik: камера (kamera)
* → Tigrinya: ካመራ (kamära)
* → Turkmen: kamera
* → Ukrainian: камера (kamera)
* → Uyghur: كامېرا (kamëra)
* → Uzbek: kamera

#### References

* “camera”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “camera”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "camera", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* camera in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “chamber”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈka.me.raː/, [ˈkämɛräː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈka.me.ra/, [ˈkäːmerä]

#### Verb

camerā
* second-person singular present active imperative of camerō

## Romanian
### Noun

camera f
* definite nominative/accusative singular of cameră

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈmeɾa/ [kaˈme.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -eɾa
* Syllabification: ca‧me‧ra

### Noun

camera f (plural cameras)
* female equivalent of camero

### Adjective

camera f
* feminine singular of camero

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English camera, from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára), of Old Iranian origin.

### Noun

camera m (plural camerâu)
* camera

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “camera”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies