# περιφέρεια
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* περιφερείη (periphereíē) — Ionic

### Etymology

From περιφερής (peripherḗs, “circular; rounded; revolving; wavering”) +‎ -ια (-ia), from περιφέρω (periphérō, “to carry round; revolve; wander”), from περι- (peri-, “around, surrounding”) +‎ φέρω (phérō, “to carry, bear”) from Proto-Hellenic *pʰérō (“to bear”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pe.ri.pʰé.reː.a/ → /pe.riˈɸe.ri.a/ → /pe.riˈfe.ri.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /pe.ri.pʰé.reː.a/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /pe.riˈpʰe.ri.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /pe.riˈɸe.ri.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /pe.riˈfe.ri.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /pe.riˈfe.ri.a/

### Noun

περιφέρεια • (periphéreia) f (genitive περιφερείᾱς); first declension (Attic, Doric, Aeolic)
* a periphery; outer bounds
* (mathematics, geometry) circumference; the line round a circular body
* (mathematics, geometry) arc of a circle; circular arc
* rounded surface; curve; curved or spherical shape
* curvature; roundness
* (figurative, biblical) wandering; error; madness
** 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Ecclesiastes 9.3:Τοῦτο πονηρὸν ἐν παντὶ πεποιημένῳ ὑπὸ τὸν ἥλιον, ὅτι συνάντημα ἓν τοῖς πᾶσι· καί γε καρδία υἱῶν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπληρώθη πονηροῦ, καὶ περιφέρεια ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν ἐν ζωῇ αὐτῶν, καὶ ὀπίσω αὐτῶν πρὸς τοὺς νεκρούς.Toûto ponēròn en pantì pepoiēménōi hupò tòn hḗlion, hóti sunántēma hèn toîs pâsi; kaí ge kardía huiôn toû anthrṓpou eplērṓthē ponēroû, kaì periphéreia en kardíāi autôn en zōêi autôn, kaì opísō autôn pròs toùs nekroús.This is an evil in all that is done under the sun, that there is one event to all: yea also, the heart of the sons of men is filled with evil, and madness is in their heart during their life, and after that they go to the dead.

#### Descendants

* Greek: περιφέρεια (periféreia)
* Latin: peripheria
** Catalan: perifèria
** French: périphérie
** Galician: periferia
** Italian: periferia
** Portuguese: periferia
** Romanian: periferie
** Russian: периферия (periferija)
** Spanish: periferia
* English: periphery
* Dutch: periferie
* Danish: periferi

### Further reading

* “περιφέρεια”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “περιφέρεια”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* περιφέρεια in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek περιφέρεια (periphéreia), from περιφέρω (periphérō, “to carry round; revolve; wander”), περι- (peri-, “around, surrounding”) +‎ φέρω (féro, “to carry, bear”) +‎ -εια (-eia); verbal root from Proto-Hellenic *pʰérō (“to bear”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pe.ɾiˈfe.ɾi.a/
* Hyphenation: πε‧ρι‧φέ‧ρει‧α

### Noun

περιφέρεια • (periféreia) f (plural περιφέρειες)
* (geometry) circumference
* region, territory
* periphery, region (an administrative unit of a state)
* waistline

#### Usage notes

* (administrative area): Each περιφέρεια (periféreia, “periphery”) may be divided into νομοί (nomoí, “nomes”), each of which is divided into επαρχίες (eparchíes, “eparchies”).

#### Synonyms

* (region, territory) περιοχή (periochí)

#### Coordinate terms

* περίμετρος f (perímetros) (perimeter)
* περιμετρικός f (perimetrikós) (peripheral)
* διάμετρος f (diámetros) (diameter)
* ακτίνα f (aktína) (radius)

#### Derived terms

* περιφερειακός (perifereiakós, “regional, peripheral”)
* περιφερειάρχης (perifereiárchis, “regional administrator, governor”)

#### Further reading

* Περιφέρειες της Ελλάδας on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{el}$
* περιφέρεια, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language