# 往往
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wǎngwǎng
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˇ ㄨㄤˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wang$^3$ wang$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wong$^5$ wong$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vông-vông
    (Meixian, Guangdong): vong$^1$ vong$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): von$^2$ von$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): uōng-uōng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): óng-óng / éng-éng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): uang$^2$ uang$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$uaon-uaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uan$^3$ uan$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wǎngwǎng [Phonetic: wángwǎng]
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˇ ㄨㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǎngwǎng
*** Wade–Giles: wang$^3$-wang$^3$
*** Yale: wǎng-wǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woangwoang
*** Palladius: ванван (vanvan)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$往往 惘惘
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wang$^3$ wang$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uongwong
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ⁵³ uaŋ⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wong$^5$ wong$^5$
*** Yale: wóhng wóhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wong$^5$ wong$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wong$^5$ wong$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔːŋ¹³ wɔːŋ¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vông-vông
*** Hakka Romanization System: vong$^ˊ$ vong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vong$^1$ vong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /voŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ voŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: vong$^1$ vong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋɔŋ⁴⁴ ʋɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: von$^2$ von$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /vɒ̃⁵³⁻¹¹ vɒ̃⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uōng-uōng
*** Sinological IPA : /uoŋ³³⁻³⁵ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋuoŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: óng-óng
*** Tâi-lô: óng-óng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ofng'orng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng-éng
*** Tâi-lô: íng-íng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: efng'eang
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: uang$^2$ uang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uáng uáng
*** Sinological IPA : /uaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ uaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$uaon-uaon
*** MiniDict: uaon$^去$ uaon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$uaan-uaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /uɑ̃³³ uɑ̃⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: uan$^3$ uan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /u̯an⁴¹ u̯an⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: hjwangX hjwangX
Rime :
| Character | 往 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 于兩切 |
| Baxter | hjwangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʉɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /iwaŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wong$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷaŋʔ ɢʷaŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷaŋ ɢʷaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 往 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wǎng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷaŋʔ/ |
| English | go to |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 往 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12760 |
| Phonetic component | 往 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 往 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷaŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲文乃從止王聲 |

### Adverb

往往
* usually; generally; often; tend to
    往往如此 ― wǎngwǎng rúcǐ ― to be often the case
    From: c. 1300, 周達觀 / 周达观 (Zhou Daguan), 《真臘風土記 / 真腊风土记》 (The Customs of Cambodia), translation by Peter Harris
    Chuánwén yǔ Xiān rén xiàng gōng, jiē qū bǎixìng shǐ zhàn, wǎngwǎng yì bié wú zhìlüè móuhuà. [Pinyin]
    I have heard reports that when the Siamese attacked, all the ordinary people were ordered out to do battle, often with no good strategy or preparation.
    From: 1942, 朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 經典常談
    Wǒguó jīngdiǎn, wèijīng zhěnglǐ, dú qǐlái tèbié nán, yībānrén wǎngwǎng wàng'érshēngwèi, jiéguǒ shì jìng'éryuǎnzhī. [Pinyin]
    Chinese classics are difficult to read uncollated. Ordinary people are often terrified by the sight of them, and prefer to remain at a respectful distance.
* (Classical) everywhere
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Dànrì, zú zhōng wǎngwǎng yǔ, jiē zhǐmù Chén Shèng. [Pinyin]
    The next day, everywhere in the infantry, soldiers were talking about the event, and were pointing and looking at Chen Sheng.

#### Usage notes

Similar to 常常 (chángcháng), but unlike it:
* Refers to something regularly occurring ("usually") rather than merely frequent ("often"), habitual routine, past events, but not future.
* Needs a context with some condition/circumstance.
* Can't be directly negated. Instead, the verb following it should be negated: 往往不/沒+V.
* Can't be used in imperatives like below to express a suggestion:
    你應該常常…／你应该常常… ― nǐ yìnggāi chángcháng... ― You should more often ...

#### Synonyms

* (often):
* 動輒 / 动辄 (dòngzhé) (literary)
* 常常 (chángcháng)
* 常時 / 常时 (chángshí)
* 慣 / 惯 (guàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 時常 / 时常 (shícháng)
* 時時 / 时时 (shíshí)
* 每每 (měiměi)
* 終古 / 终古 (zhōnggǔ) (literary)
* 經常 / 经常 (jīngcháng)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 經常, 時常, 常常, 時時, 往往, 每每 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 常 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 常常 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 時不見兒, 時不當, 時不當兒, 時不常, 時不常兒, 時不時 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 常常 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 常常, 常, 時常 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 常常, 常, 時常 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 時常, 常常, 隨時, 時不時 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 帶常, 時常 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 常 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 常 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 時時, 時常, 長時, 周時, 遇時, 時不時 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 成日, 經常, 時時, 好多時, 好多時候, 周時, 周不時 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 經常 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 周時 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 千常, 時常 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 輒常, 長時, 時常, 時不時 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 輒輒, 輒常, 長透, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 輒輒, 輒常, 長透, 登常, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 輒輒, 輒常, 長透, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 輒輒, 長在, 輒常, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 經常 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 輒輒, 常勻, 輒常, 長透, 常常, 時常, 不時, 時時, 長間, 經常 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 輒輒, 不時, 輒, 恬恬, 長透, 時時 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 長日 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 三不時, 時不時 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 常常, 時常, 時不時 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 稠稠, 稠, 盡稠 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 定定, 長長, 四常, 時常, 常常, 不時, 不期時 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 定定, 長長, 四常, 時常, 常常, 不時 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 定定, 時常, 常常, 不時, 不期時 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 定定, 時常, 常常, 不時, 捷捷, 沓沓, 常在, 往往 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 定定, 常常, 四常, 不時 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 長時, 惦惦 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 經常, 時常, 時時, 惦惦 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 惦惦 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 長世, 長常 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 常樁, 常常, 經常 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 千常 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 時常, 常時, 常樁 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 老老, 老長 rare, 長常 rare, 長時 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 清清, 常期 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 練常, 打常, 扯常, 扯常子, 時不時 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 練常, 常常 |
* (everywhere):
* 一世界 ($^7$iq-sy-ka) (Wu)
* 一四界 (Hokkien)
* 七處 / 七处 (chék-ché̤ṳ) (Eastern Min)
* 五路 (Hokkien)
* 到處 / 到处 (dàochù)
* 各處 / 各处 (gèchù) (literary)
* 四勢 / 四势 (sí-sié) (Eastern Min)
* 四圍 / 四围 (sei$^3$ wai$^4$) (Cantonese)
* 四界 (Hokkien)
* 四處 / 四处 (sìchù)
* 四路裡 / 四路里 (si$^4$ lou$^5$ li) (Xiang)
* 在在 (zàizài)
* 堪哪裡 / 堪哪里 (kon$^1$ la li) (Gan)
* 大母四公界 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 大母四界 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 度度 (dou$^6$ dou$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 比比 (bǐbǐ)
* 滿四界 / 满四界 (Hokkien)
* 滿塊 / 满块 (mua$^2$ go$^3$) (Teochew)
* 滿底塊 / 满底块 (mua$^2$ di$^7$ go$^3$) (Teochew)
* 處處 / 处处 (chùchù)
* 逐搭 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 遍地
* 遍處 / 遍处 (biànchù)
* 隨處 / 随处 (suíchù)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 往往(おうおう) (ōō)
* → Korean: 왕왕(往往) (wang'wang)

### References

* “往往”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 往 | 往 |
| おう Grade: 5 | おう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 往往 – see the following entry. :
| 【往々おうおう】 | [adverb] often |
(This term, 往往, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :