# یل
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹl (“wind”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰠 (yél), Azerbaijani yel, Bashkir ел (yel), Chuvash ҫил (śil), Kazakh жел (jel), Kyrgyz жел (jel), Tatar җил (cil), Turkmen ýel and Uzbek yel.

### Noun

یل • (yel) (definite accusative یلی (yeli), plural یللر (yeller))
* wind, the real or perceived movement of atmospheric air usually caused by convection or differences in air pressure
    Synonyms: باد (bâd), روزكار (rüzgâr), ریح (rih)
* flatus, gas generated in the digestive tract or enviromental air swallowed while eating, usually expelled via the anus
* (pathology) rheumatism, any disorder of the muscles, tendons, etc. characterized by pain, discomfort and disability

#### Derived terms

* قره یل (kara yel, “southern wind”)
* یل اسمك (yel esmek, “for the wind, to blow”)
* یل دكرمنی (yel değirmeni, “windmill”)
* یل قوغان (yel koğan, “shearwater”, literally “that pursues the wind”)
* یل یوتان (yel yutan, “alpine swift”)
* یل یپه‌رك (yel yeperek, “in a great hurry”)
* یللمك (yellemek, “to wind, to fan”)
* یللنمك (yellenmek, “to break wind”)
* یللو (yelli, “windy”)
* یله ویرمك (yele virmek, “to scatter to the winds”)

#### Related terms

* یلكن (yelken, “sail”)
* یلپازه (yelpaze, “fan, hand fan”)
* یلپیك (yelpik, “asthma”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: yel
* → Armenian: ել (el, “rheumatism”)

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “یل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 883
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “yel1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5276
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “یل”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 509a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “یل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1355
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Ventus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1732
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “یل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 5596
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yel”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “یل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2207

## Persian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yl /⁠yal⁠/, “hero”), of unclear further etymology. Initial ya- cannot be directly inherited from Proto-Iranian. It is possibly a borrowing from Alanic or some other Northeastern Iranian descendant of Proto-Iranian *Áryah (“Aryan, Iranian”), whence also ایران (irân, “Iran”). Compare Proto-Sarmatian *Allān (“of the Aryans”, genitive plural).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [jal]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [jäl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [jäl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [jäl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [jäl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [jæl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [jäl]

### Noun

یل • (yal)
* hero, great warrior
    Synonyms: قهرمان (qahramân), پهلوان (pahlavân)
** c. 1030, Fakhr al-Dīn Asʿad Gurgānī, ويس و رامين [Vīs u Rāmīn]‎:مهان نامی از هر شهر و کشور یلان جنگی از هر مرز و گوهرmihān-i nāmī az har šahr u kišwar yalān-i jangī az har marz u gawharRenowned nobles from every city and kingdom, Warlike heroes from every borderland and bloodline.(Classical Persian romanization)
** 1510s, Faẓlullāh Rōzbihān Khunjī, سلوک الملوک:با یکدیگر مصافی دادند بر لب کول هر دو جوان پرزور هر دو یل بهادرbā yakdīgar masāffē dādand bar lab-i kūl har du jawān-i pur-zōr har du yal-i bahādurThey fought each other in battle on the banks of the Kūl, Both of them strong young men, both valiant heroes.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### References

* ↑ D. N. Mackenzie (1984) “Review of "Die Geschichte Zarēr's" by Davoud Monchi-Zadeh”, in Indo-Iranian Journal, volume 27, number 2, page 160