# 正座
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhèngzuò
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zing$^3$ zo$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngzuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngzuò
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$-tso$^4$
*** Yale: jèng-dzwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqtzuoh
*** Palladius: чжэнцзо (čžɛnczo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngzuòr
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngzuòr
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$-tso$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: jèng-dzwòr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqtzuoll
*** Palladius: чжэнцзор (čžɛnczor)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔɻ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^3$ zo$^6$
*** Yale: jing joh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^3$ dzo$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^3$ zo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡sɔː²²/

### Noun

正座
* seat facing the stage (in a theater)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 正 | 座 |
| せい Grade: 1 | ざ Grade: 6 |
| kan'on | goon |
* Alternative spelling
* 正坐
Attested from the 12th century. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーざ [sèézá] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) せーざ [séꜜèzà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [se̞ːza̠]

#### Noun

正(せい)座(ざ) • (seiza)
* sitting (kneeling) in a particular traditional Japanese way (with legs folded under oneself); seiza

#### Verb

正(せい)座(ざ)する • (seiza suru) suru (stem 正(せい)座(ざ)し (seiza shi), past 正(せい)座(ざ)した (seiza shita))
* to sit in the seiza way

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 正座し | せいざし | seiza shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 正座し | せいざし | seiza shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 正座する | せいざする | seiza suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 正座する | せいざする | seiza suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 正座すれ | せいざすれ | seiza sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 正座せよ¹ 正座しろ² | せいざせよ¹ せいざしろ² | seiza seyo¹ seiza shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 正座される | せいざされる | seiza sareru |
| Causative | 正座させる 正座さす | せいざさせる せいざさす | seiza saseru seiza sasu |
| Potential | 正座できる | せいざできる | seiza dekiru |
| Volitional | 正座しよう | せいざしよう | seiza shiyō |
| Negative | 正座しない | せいざしない | seiza shinai |
| Negative continuative | 正座せず | せいざせず | seiza sezu |
| Formal | 正座します | せいざします | seiza shimasu |
| Perfective | 正座した | せいざした | seiza shita |
| Conjunctive | 正座して | せいざして | seiza shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 正座すれば | せいざすれば | seiza sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Descendants

* → English: seiza

#### See also

* 跪座(きざ) (kiza), a related way of kneeling
* 胡座(あぐら) (agura), cross-legged sitting

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 正 | 座 |
| しょう Grade: 1 | ざ Grade: 6 |
| goon ||
Attested from at least the 18th century. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょーざ [shòózá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕo̞ːza̠]

#### Noun

正(しょう)座(ざ) • (shōza)
* the seat of honor (where honored guests should sit), the seat in the front

##### Synonyms

* 横(よこ)座(ざ) (yokoza)

### References

* 1 2 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 正 | 座 |

### Noun

正座 • (jeongjwa) (hangeul 정좌)
* hanja form of 정좌 (“sitting (kneeling)”)