# thousand
## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* Thousand, THOUSAND

### Etymology

Borrowed from English thousand.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtau̯zand], [ˈtau̯ˈzand]
* Audio (American English accent):(file)

### Noun

thousand
* (international standards) NATO, ICAO, ITU & IMO radiotelephony clear code (spelling-alphabet name) for thousand.

#### Usage notes

* Used when reciting distances (including altitudes), but not for serial numbers. Thus 10,946 m is one zero thousand nine four six meter but a serial number 10946 is read simply as its digits: one zero nine four six.
ICAO/NATO radiotelephonic clear codes :
| Alfa | Bravo | Charlie | Delta | Echo | Foxtrot | Golf | Hotel | India | Juliett | Kilo | Lima | Mike |
| November | Oscar | Papa | Quebec | Romeo | Sierra | Tango | Uniform | Victor | Whiskey | Xray | Yankee | Zulu |
| zero | one | two | three (tree) | four (fower) | five (fife) | six | seven | eight | nine (niner) | hundred | thousand | decimal |

### References

* ↑ International Maritime Organisation (2005). International Code of Signals. Fourth edition, London.
* ↑ Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation: Aeronautical Telecommunications; Volume II Communication Procedures including those with PANS status‎, 6th edition, International Civil Aviation Organization, 2001 October, archived from the original on 31 March 2019, page §5.2.1.4.3.1

## English

* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

### Alternative forms

* Arabic numerals: 1000 (see for numerical forms in other scripts)
* Roman numerals: M
* ISO prefix: kilo-
* Exponential notation: 10$^3$

### Etymology

From Middle English thousend, thusand, from Old English þūsend (“thousand”), from Proto-West Germanic *þūsundi, from Proto-Germanic *þūsundī (“thousand”), (compare Scots thousand (“thousand”), Saterland Frisian duusend (“thousand”), West Frisian tûzen (“thousand”), Dutch duizend (“thousand”), German tausend (“thousand”), Danish tusind (“thousand”), Swedish tusen (“thousand”), Norwegian tusen (“thousand”), Icelandic þúsund (“thousand”), Faroese túsund (“thousand”)), from Proto-Indo-European *tuHsont-, *tuHsenti- (compare Lithuanian tūkstantis (“thousand”), Polish tysiąc, Russian ты́сяча (týsjača), Finnish tuhat, Estonian tuhat).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈθaʊz(ə)nd/
* (General American) enPR: thou′zənd, IPA: /ˈθaʊz(ə)n(d)/, [ˈθaʊ̯zn̩d]
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Hyphenation: thou‧sand

### Numeral

thousand (plural thousands)
* A numerical value equal to 1,000 = 10 × 100 = 10$^3$ (1 E+3 exactly—in scientific E notation.)
    The company earned fifty thousand dollars last month.
    Many thousands of people came to the conference.
** 1889, Charles Taze Russell, The Time Is At Hand‎, Allegheny, PA: Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, published 1907, →OCLC, →OL, page 36:Three thousand years back in the Babylonian, Syrian, and Egyptian histories brings us to a period where their records are fragmentary and involved in great obscurity. In the history of China, it brings us to the Tchou dynasty, where the events of Chinese history "begin to be more trustworthy."
** 1995, John December, quoting Craig Jackson, The World Wide Web Unleashed, 2nd edition, Indianapolis, Ind.: Sams.net, →ISBN, page 450:The Invisible Killer Dihydrogen monoxide is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and kills uncounted thousands of people every year. Most of these deaths are caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO, but the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide do not end there.

#### Usage notes

Unlike cardinal numerals such as ten or ninety-nine (where one can say e.g. there were ten men present), the word thousand is a noun like dozen and needs a determiner or another numeral to function as a numeral: one cannot say *there were thousand men present, but must say:
* there were a thousand men / one thousand men / forty-three thousand men present
* one can also speak of the thousand men, several thousand men, or some thousand men who were present
* compare a dozen men / one dozen men / forty-three dozen men, the dozen men, several dozen men, some dozen men
When preceded by a determiner or numeral and followed by of, it can be singular or plural:
* two thousand of the inhabitants died, several thousand of the inhabitants fled
* many thousands of women marched
* "Aragorn should find some two thousands of those that he had gathered to him in the South; but Imrahil should find three and a half thousands; and Éomer five hundreds of the Rohirrim who were unhorsed but themselves warworthy." (J.R.R. Tolkien, The Return of the King)
When followed by of and not preceded by a determiner or numeral, it must be pluralized with -s: thousands of women protested, countless thousands of women voted, not *thousand of women.
In Malaysian English, 1100, 1200, and other numbers combining a thousand and hundreds are known as thousand one, thousand two, thousand three, and so on.

#### Synonyms

* (numerical): nillion, illion, one thousand, one nillion, one illion, a thousand, a nillion, an illion, ten hundred

#### Coordinate terms

* million
* milliard
* thousand million
* billion
* trillion
* quadrillion
* quintillion
* sextillion

#### Derived terms

* one thousand
* one thousand and one, thousand and one, thousand one
* two thousand
* three thousand
* four thousand
* five thousand
* six thousand
* seven thousand
* an image is worth a thousand words
* eight thousand
* nine thousand
* ten thousand
* one hundred thousand
* hundred thousand
* thousand million
* a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step
* a picture is worth a thousand words
* a picture paints a thousand words
* bat a thousand
* bat one thousand
* death by a thousand cuts
* death by a thousand paper cuts
* die a thousand deaths
* hundreds and thousands
* land of a thousand hills
* let a thousand flowers bloom
* long thousand
* mother of thousands
* over nine thousand
* sixty-four thousand dollar question
* smile a thousand smiles
* the city of a thousand windows
* thousandaire, tenthousandaire
* thousandfold
* thousand-headed cabbage
* Thousand Islands
* thousand-leaf
* thousand-legger
* thousand-legs
* thousand-mile stare
* thousand pardons
* thousandsome
* thousandth
* thousand yard stare
* thousand-yard stare
* thousand-year egg
* thousand-year-old egg
* two thousand and late
* upper ten thousand
* yearthousand

#### Descendants

* → Hawaiian: kaukani, tausani

#### Translations

Abkhaz: зықы (zəkə)
Afar: alfi
Afrikaans: duisend (af)
Aklanon: libo
Albanian: mijë (sq)
Amharic: ሺ (ši)
Arabic: أَلْف (ar) (ʔalf), ١٠٠٠ (1000)
Aragonese: mil
Aramaic:
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܲܠܦܵܐ m (ālpa)
Hebrew: אלפא m (’alpā’)
Syriac: ܐܠܦܐ m (’alpā’)
Archi: изар (izar)
Armenian: հազար (hy) (hazar)
Aromanian: njilje
Assamese: হাজাৰ (hazar), হেজাৰ (hezar)
Asturian: mil (ast)
Avar: азарго (azargo)
Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬢𐬭𐬀 (hazaŋra)
Aymara: waranqa
Azerbaijani: min (az)
Banjarese: ribu
Bashkir: мең (meñ)
Basque: mila (eu)
Belarusian: ты́сяча (be) f (týsjača)
Bengali: হাজার (bn) (hajar), সহস্র (bn) (śohosro)
Bhojpuri: हजार (hajār)
Bikol Central: ribo (bcl)
Breton: mil (br)
Brunei Malay: ribu
Buginese: sabbu
Bulgarian: хиля́да (bg) f (hiljáda)
Burmese: ထောင် (my) (htaung), တစ်ထောင် (tachtaung)
Buryat: мянган (mjangan)
Catalan: mil (ca) (exact); miler (ca) or milenar (approximately, or a set of a size numbered in the thousands)
Cebuano: libo
Chechen: эзар (ezar)
Cherokee: ᎠᎦᏴᎵ (agayvli), ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ (iyagayvli), ᏐᏬ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ (sowo iyagayvli)
Chichewa: chikwi, sauzande
Chickasaw: talhipa sipokni'
Chinese:
Cantonese: 千 (yue) (cin$^1$)
Dungan: чян (či͡an)
Hokkien: 千 (zh-min-nan) (chheng)
Mandarin: 千 (zh) (qiān)
Teochew: 千 (coin$^1$)
Chuukese: engöröu, -ngöröu
Chuvash: пин (pin)
Crimean Tatar: miñ
Czech: tisíc (cs) m
Dalmatian: mel
Danish: tusinde (da), tusind (da)
Dargwa: азир (azir)
Drung: tu
Dutch: duizend (nl) f, eenduizend (nl)
Egyptian: (ḫꜣ)
Elfdalian: tusn
Erzya: тёжа (ťoža)
Esperanto: mil (eo)
Estonian: tuhat (et)
Ewe: akpe
Farefare: tʋsrɛ
Faroese: túsund
Finnish: tuhat (fi)
French: mille (fr) m
Friulian: mil
Galician: mil (gl)
Garifuna: milu
Ge'ez: እልፍ (ʾəlf), ሲሕ (siḥ)
Georgian: ათასი (ka) (atasi)
German: tausend (de) n
Gothic: 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹 f (þūsundi)
Greek: χίλια (el) n (chília)
Ancient: χίλιοι (khílioi), ͵α (numeral)
Greenlandic: tuusinti
Guaraní: su
Gujarati: હજાર (hajār)
Haitian Creole: mil
Hausa: dubu, alif
Hawaiian: kaukani
Hebrew: אֶלֶף (he) (élef)
Higaonon: nangkalibo
Hiligaynon: libo
Hindi: हज़ार (hi) m (hazār), सहस्र (hi) (sahasra), १००० (1000), सहास (sahās)
Hungarian: ezer (hu)
Ibanag: maribu
Icelandic: þúsund (is) n
Ido: mil (io)
Ilocano: ribo
Indonesian: seribu (id) (one thousand), ribu (id) (thousand in general)
Ingrian: tuhatta
Ingush: эзар (ezar)
Interlingua: mille
Iranun: sangibu
Irish: míle (ga)
Isnag: ribu
Istro-Romanian: miľår, tisuť, tåvžânt
Italian: mille (it) m
Ivatan: livu
Japanese: 千 (ja) (せん, sen)
Javanese: èwu (jv)
Kabuverdianu: mil
Kalmyk: миңһн (miñğn)
Kannada: ಸಾವಿರ (kn) (sāvira)
Kapampangan: libu
Kazakh: мың (kk) (myñ)
Khakas: муң (muñ)
Khmer: មួយពាន់ (muəy pŏən), ពាន់ (km) (pŏən)
Khoekhoe: ǀoadisi
Komi-Permyak: сюрс (śurs)
Korean: 천(千) (ko) (cheon)
Kumyk: минг (miñ)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ھەزار (ckb) (hezar)
Northern Kurdish: hezar (ku), hizar (ku)
Kyrgyz: миң (ky) (miŋ)
Lakota: kȟoktá, khektópawiŋǧe
Lao: ພັນ (phan)
Latgalian: tyukstūša
Latin: mīlle (la), mīlia (la)
Latvian: tūkstotis (lv)
Lezgi: агъзур (aġzur)
Ligurian: mia
Lithuanian: tūkstantis (lt) m
Lombard: mila (lmo), milla (lmo)
Louisiana Creole French: mil
Lü: ᦗᧃ (pan)
Luxembourgish: dausend (lb)
Macedonian: илјада (mk) f (iljada)
Makasar: sabu
Malay: ribu (ms)
Malayalam: ആയിരം (ml) (āyiraṁ)
Maltese: elf (mt)
Manchu: ᠮᡳᠩᡤᠠᠨ (minggan)
Mansaka: libo
Manx: jeih keead, milley, thousane
Maore Comorian: alifu
Maori: mano
Maranao: nggibo
Marathi: हजार (mr) (haj̈ar), सहस्र (sahasra), १००० (1000)
Middle English: thousend
Middle Korean: 즈믄 (cumun)
Minangkabau: ribu
Mirandese: mil
Mon: လ္
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: мянга (mn) (mjanga)
Mongolian: ᠮᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ (mingg-a)
Mwani: elufu
Nanai: минган (miŋan)
Nauruan: araña
Navajo: tʼááłáhádí mííl, mííl
Nepali: हजार (hajār)
Northern Sami: duhát
Norwegian: tusen (no)
Occitan: mil (oc), mila (oc)
Odia: ହଜାର (hajāra)
Ojibwe: ingodosagoons, midaaswaak
Old English: þūsend
Old Javanese: iwu
Old Prussian: tūsimts
Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰭 (b²iŋ /⁠biŋ⁠/)
Oromo: kuma
Ossetian: мин (min), ӕрзӕ (ærzæ)
Ottoman Turkish: بیك (biŋ)
Pannonian Rusyn: тисяч (tisjač), тисяча f (tisjača)
Papiamentu: mil
Pashto: زر (ps) (zër)
Persian: هِزار (fa) (hezâr), زار (fa) (zâr) (colloquial and in compound words)
Pijin: taosen
Polish: tysiąc (pl) m inan
Portuguese: mil (pt)
Punjabi: ਹਜ਼ਾਰ (hazār)
Quechua: waranqa, waranga
Rapa Nui: mano
Rohingya: házar, ázar
Romagnol: mèl
Romani: bari, бари
Romanian: mie (ro) f
Russian: ты́сяча (ru) f (týsjača)
Saho: shiix
Samoan: mano, afe (sm)
Sanskrit: सहस्र (sa) (sahasra)
Santali: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ (mit’ hajar)
Santali: ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ (hajar)
Sardinian: mila, milla, milli, miza, mizi
Scots: thousand
Scottish Gaelic: mìle (gd)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: тисућа f, хиљада f
Roman: tisuća f, hiljada (sh) f
Shan: ႁဵင် (shn) (hǎeng)
Sherpa: འ་ཛར ('a dzar)
Shor: муң
Sicilian: milli (scn), middi (scn)
Sidamo: kume
Sindhi: هِزار (hazāru)
Sinhalese: දහස (si) (dahasa)
Slovak: tisíc (sk) m
Slovene: tísoč (sl) m
Somali: kun
Southern Altai: муҥ (muŋ)
Spanish: mil (es) m
Swahili: elfu (sw)
Swedish: tusen (sv)
Tabaru: caana
Tabasaran: агъзур (aġzur)
Tagalog: libo
Tahitian: mano
Tajik: ҳазор (tg) (hazor)
Talysh: həzo
Tamil: ஆயிரம் (ta) (āyiram)
Taos: mílą
Tarifit: ṭawez
Tat: həzar
Tatar: мең (tt) (meñ)
Tausug: ibu, hangibu
Tedim Chin: tuul
Telugu: వెయ్యి (te) (veyyi), వేయి (te) (vēyi)
Ternate: calamoi
Tetum: rihun
Thai: หนึ่งพัน, พัน (th) (pan)
Tibetan: སྟོང (stong)
Tigrinya: ሽሕ (ti) (šəḥ)
Tocharian A: wälts
Tocharian B: yaltse
Tok Pisin: tausen
Tongan: mano, afe
Turkish: bin (tr)
Turkmen: müň (tk)
Tuvaluan: mano
Tuvan: муң (muñ)
Udi: гьазар (hazar)
Udmurt: сюрс (śurs)
Ukrainian: ти́сяча (uk) f (týsjača)
Urdu: ہزار m (hazār), سہاس (sahaas), سہسر (sahasra), ۱۰۰۰ (1000)
Uyghur: مىڭ (ming)
Uzbek: ming (uz)
Venetan: mìle
Vietnamese: ngàn (vi), nghìn (vi)
Vilamovian: taojzyt
Volapük: mil (vo)
Waray-Waray: yukot
Welsh: mil (cy)
West Frisian: tûzen (fy)
West Makian: calan
Western Bukidnon Manobo: libu
Wolio: rewu
Wolof: junni (wo)
Yagnobi: ҳазор (hazor)
Yakut: тыһыынча (tıhıınca), муҥ (muñ)
Yiddish: טויזנט m (toyznt)
Yucatec Maya: lajunkʼáal tu óoxbaakʼ
Yup'ik: tiisiqaq, tiissitsaaq
Zazaki: xezar
Zou: tul :

#### See also

* Appendix:Words used as placeholders to count seconds

### Anagrams

* handouts, hands out

## Middle English
### Numeral

thousand
* Alternative form of thousend

### Adjective

thousand
* Alternative form of thousend

## Scots
### Alternative forms

* thoosan, thoosand, thousant

### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English thousand, from Old English þūsend, from Proto-West Germanic *þūsundi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈθuzɪnd/, /ˈθuzənd/

### Numeral

thousand
* thousand

#### Usage notes

Used with "a" in the same way as English to denote 1000.