# -si
## Albanian
### Suffix

-si (plural -si)
* Alternative form of -i

#### Usage examples

* An epenthetic -ë- is infixed if the stem ends in a consonant.

#### Derived terms
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* -s

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech -si, from Proto-Slavic *si. Cognate with Slovak -si.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ sɪ]

### Particle

-si
* indicates that something is indefinite or uncertain

#### Derived terms
## Fala
### Pronoun

-si
* Clitic form of se (“oneself”)

#### See also

Dialects:  $^L$ Lagarteiru   $^M$ Mañegu   $^V$ Valverdeñu

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ci, from Proto-Uralic *-te. Compare Erzya -т (-t).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-si/, [-s̠i]

### Suffix

-si
* (possessive) Second-person singular possessive suffix used with or without sinun (the genitive form of the personal pronoun sinä): your sg, thy
    (sinun) kirjasi ― your book
** (possessive) Appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without sinun: you sg, thee
    (sinun) edessäsi ― in front of you
    (sinun) takanasi ― behind you
** (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause.
    Sanoit tekeväsi läksyjäsi. (similar to the Latin structure accusativus cum infinitivo, e.g. se dicit facere)You said that you were doing your homework.
** (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause.
    Väitit tehneesi läksyjäsi.You claimed to have been doing your homework.
** (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive.
    Tehdessäsi läksyjäsi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.(While) doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
** (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular.
    Tehtyäsi läksysi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.(After) having done / After doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
** (possessive) Used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the long first infinitive.
    Tehdäksesi läksysi hyvin (sinä) menit hiljaiseen huoneeseen.(In order) to do your homework well, you went into a quiet room.
** (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
    Olit hyvin pahoillasi siitä.You were very sorry about it.
** (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
    Kävelit kirjoinesi ovesta ulos.You walked with your books out the door.

#### Usage notes

* The possessive suffix -si is compulsory in standard Finnish. The genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun sinä before the main word can, depending on the context, be sometimes omitted in written language if the sentence remains fluent. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -si is very rare and only the genitive form sinun (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
* Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: talo (“house”) > taloon (“into a/the house”) > taloosi (“into your house”).
* The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to formal/standard Finnish, not to informal/colloquial Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.

### See also

* -ni
* -nsa / -nsä
* -mme
* -nne
* Appendix:Finnish possessive suffixes

### Anagrams

* -is

## Greenlandic
### Pronunciation

* (Nuuk) IPA: /-si/, [-sɪ]

### Suffix

-si (v-v$^?$, additive$^?$)
* Synonym of -i

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From -s (adjective-forming suffix) +‎ -i (adjective-forming suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃi]

### Suffix

-si
* (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective expressing “belonging somewhere, originating from, coming from”.
    ‎falu (“village”) + ‎-si → ‎falusi (“rural”)
* (diminutive suffix) Added to a shortened noun to form a new diminutive noun.
    ‎jogosítvány (“driver's license”) + ‎-si → ‎jogsi (“driver's license”)

#### Derived terms
### See also

* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

### References

* ↑ -si in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch -tie, from Latin -tiō. Cognate to Afrikaans -sie.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [si]

### Suffix

-si
* -tion

#### Derived terms
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/
* Hyphenation: -si

### Pronoun

-si
* (enclitic) Alternative form of si
    dare (“to give”) → darsi (“to give oneself; to devote”)
    vendere (“to sell”) → vendersi (“to sell oneself; to prostitute”)
    servire (“to serve”) → servirsi (“to serve oneself; to make use of”)
    si vende latte (“milk for sale”) → vendesi latte (“milk for sale”)

#### Usage notes

* Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive forms with a third person object. Also appended to the present indicative of some verb to derive their passive forms. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed before the reflexive suffix is added.
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
    introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdursi (“to introduce oneself; to sneak into”)
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -si.
When the verb is referred to a first person or second person object, -si is substituted with:
    -mi when the object is first singular person;
    -ti when the object is second singular person;
    -ci when the object is first plural person;
    -vi when the object is second plural person;

## Latin
### Suffix

-sī
* inflection of -sus:
** nominative/vocative masculine plural
** genitive masculine/neuter singular

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-si/
* Hyphenation: -si

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Indonesian -si, from Dutch -tie or -sie, from Latin -tiō. Doublet of -sen, -syen, and -shen.

#### Suffix

-si (Jawi spelling ـسي)
* (unproductive) -tion; -sion.
    Synonym: peng- -an
    aksi ― action

##### Usage notes

This is used in newer adaptations of English loanwords ending in -tion and -sion in an effort to make the ending of such words uniform with its Dutch-derived counterparts in Indonesian. Previously, the suffix in words of this kind were adapted as -sen and -syen (e.g. as in posyen for potion).

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English -cy, from Anglo-Norman -cie, ultimately from Latin -cia, -tia, Ancient Greek -κια (-kia), -τια (-tia), originally variants of Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ια (-ia), -ία (-ía) or -εια (-eia).

#### Suffix

-si (Jawi spelling ـسي)
* (unproductive) -cy.
    farmasi ― pharmacy

### References

* ↑ Omar, A. H. (1971). Standard Language and the Standardization of Malay. Anthropological Linguistics, 13(2), 82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30029277

## Manchu
### Romanization

-si
* Romanization of ᠊ᠰᡳ

## Nǀuu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si/

### Suffix

-si
* singular marker
* singulative marker

### References

* Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary.

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sʲi]

### Suffix

-si
* her (emphatic)
* you (plural; emphatic)
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14$^a$8
    Níba cuit adíll ⁊ cucuibsi, acht ainfa lib, ar nídad foirbthi-si; it foirbthi immurgu Macidonii.It will not be merely a passing visit to you pl, but I will remain with you, for you are not perfect; the Macedonians, however, are perfect.
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14$^c$2a
    Gigeste-si Día linn ara·fulsam ar fochidi.You will pray to God for us so that we may endure our sufferings.
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16$^d$8
    Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.I am boasting about you to the Macedonians.

#### Descendants

* Irish: -sa
* Manx: -ish, -sh
* Scottish Gaelic: -se

#### See also
## Quechua
### Alternative forms

* -s (after vowels)
* -shi

### Suffix

-si
* Evidential suffix, second-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has not directly experienced the information at hand; hearsay
    Chay llaqta sumaqsi.(I hear that) that town is pretty.
    Parachkansi.(I heard that) it is raining.
    Anchapsi waqachinki wamrayta.(They say that) you make my child cry excessively.

#### See also

* -m/-mi

## Sidamo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-si/

### Determiner

-si
* his

#### See also
### References

* Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 383

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سی (which represented all pronunciations).

#### Suffix

-si
* -like, -ish, -ly (It derives adjectives)
    Synonym: -imsi
    ‎kadın (“woman”) + ‎-sı → ‎kadınsı (“effeminate”)
    ‎erkek (“man”) + ‎-si → ‎erkeksi (“manly”)
    ‎çocuk (“child”) + ‎-su → ‎çocuksu (“childish”)

### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-si
* Alternative form of -ki
** evvel (“before, formerly”) + -si → evvelsi (“of the past, former”).

### See also

* Appendix:Turkish suffixes

### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1098

## Uzbek
### Suffix

-si
* third-person singular possessive suffix, used after a noun ending in a vowel
    Bu ruchkasi.This is its ball pen.