OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# face ca trenul
## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* face ca trenul în gară

### Etymology

Literally, “make like a train” (make train noises).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfa.t͡ʃe ka ˈtre.nul/ (formal)
* IPA: /ˈfa.t͡ʃe ka ˈtre.nu/ (informal)

### Verb

a face ca trenul (third-person singular present face ca trenul, past participle făcut ca trenul) 3rd conjugation
* (idiomatic, colloquial) to go ballistic, blow a fuse (lose one’s temper)
** 2012 November 28, Cristian Voinea, quoting Nicolae Manea, ProSport, number 5710, page 2:„E ceva incredibil ce a făcut femeia asta! A sunat doi fotbaliști de-ai mei și i-a întrebat dacă vor juca împotriva lor. Dacă făceam eu așa, ea ar fi făcut ca trenul”.“It’s unbelievable what this woman did! She called two footballers of mine and asked them if they were going to play against them. Had I done such a thing, she would’ve blown a fuse.”
** 2020, Luminița Gavrilă, transl., Nouă străini‎, Bucharest: Trei, translation of Nine Perfect Strangers by Liane Moriarty, →ISBN:Cum zicea Zach când se înfuria maică-sa?― Mama face ca trenul.Închise ochii. În clipa asta, mama face ca trenul.What would Zach say when his mom got angry?“Mom is making like a train”.She closed her eyes. In this moment, mom was making like a train.
* Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see face,‎ ca,‎ tren.
# PDF
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Proper noun

PDF
* (obsolete) Initialism of Parkinson's Disease Foundation, now just Parkinson's Foundation.
* Abbreviation of People's Defence Force (“armed paramilitary anti-military-rule rebel group in Myanmar”).

### Noun

PDF (countable and uncountable, plural PDFs)
* (computing) Initialism of Portable Document Format, a standard for representing electronic documents, allowing them to be transmitted and reproduced accurately with the same printed layout.
** 2021, Alexander Thomasian, Storage Systems..., §2.13.7:
    DjVu was developed at AT&T Research by Yan LeCun et al. in 1966. It generates files that are smaller than PDF files. […] PDF primarily encodes graphics and text as vectorized data, whereas DjVu primarily encodes them as pixmap images.
* (computing) Initialism of portable document format (“document in PDF format”).
** 2019 June 27, Jack Schofield, “What’s the best cheap tablet or e-reader for PDF files?”, in The Guardian‎:The reMarkable PDF reader is really targeted at the digital writing market, rather than the digital reading market, though most serious e-readers support pens for annotations and signatures.
* (probability theory) Alternative letter-case form of pdf (“probability density function”)
* (Unicode) Initialism of pop directional format.

#### Derived terms

* PDF file

#### Descendants

* Translingual: .pdf

### Verb

PDF (third-person singular simple present PDFs, present participle PDFing, simple past and past participle PDFed)
* (transitive) To convert to PDF format.

### Anagrams

* PFD
# retriever
## English
### Etymology

From retrieve +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ɹiˈtɹivəɹ/, /ɹɪ-/, /ɹə-/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːvə(ɹ)

### Noun

retriever (plural retrievers)
* One who retrieves something.
* A type of gun dog that retrieves game for a hunter.
    Hypernyms: gun dog < hunting dog < dog, hound
    Hyponyms: Golden Retriever, Labrador retriever
    Coordinate terms: pointer, setter
* (surgery) A tool for retrieving materials from the body after an operation.

#### Derived terms

* Flat-coated Retriever
* Golden Retriever
* Labrador retriever
* Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

#### Translations
## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

retriever m (plural retrievers)
* retriever

### Further reading

* “retriever”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /reˈtɾibeɾ/ [reˈt̪ɾi.β̞eɾ]
* Rhymes: -ibeɾ
* Syllabification: re‧trie‧ver

### Noun

retriever m (plural retrievers or retriever)
* retriever (dog)
# e-reader
## English
### Etymology

From e- +‎ reader.

### Noun

e-reader (plural e-readers)
* A hardware device or software program used to read e-books.
** 2019 June 27, Jack Schofield, “What’s the best cheap tablet or e-reader for PDF files?”, in The Guardian‎:I am looking for an e-reader for technical papers. These are usually only available in fixed, non-reflowable, PDF format and sized for printing on A4 paper. […] Indeed, so many people need to read PDF files for business and educational research purposes, there are e-readers designed for the task.

#### Synonyms

* e-book reader

#### Translations
## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English e-reader.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈri.der/
* Rhymes: -ider

### Noun

e-reader m (invariable)
* (electronics, neologism) e-reader
    Synonym: e-book

### See also

* e-book

### Further reading

* e-reader in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* eradere, eredare
# hydrargyrism
## English
### Etymology

From hydrargyrum +‎ -ism.

### Noun

hydrargyrism (uncountable)
* (archaic, medicine) hydrargyria; mercurialism or mercury poisoning

### References

* “hydrargyrism”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# iluminista
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ilumiˈnista/ [i.lu.miˈnis.t̪a]
* Rhymes: -ista
* Syllabification: i‧lu‧mi‧nis‧ta

### Noun

iluminista m or f by sense (plural iluministas)
* member of the Enlightenment
    Synonym: ilustrado
    la razón iluminista ― Enlightenment rationalism

#### Related terms

* iluminismo
# seventh
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English seventhe, sefte, from Old English seofoþa, from Proto-West Germanic *sebundō, from Proto-Germanic *sebundô. The -n-, lost in northern Proto-West Germanic, was later reinserted by analogy with seven, equivalent to seven +‎ -th.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsɛvnθ/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈsɛvənθ/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛvənθ
* Hyphenation: sev‧enth

### Adjective

seventh (not comparable)
* The ordinal form of the number seven.
    Synonyms: 7th, 7th, VIIth, (in names of monarchs and popes) VII
** 1644, Dudley Diggs, The Unlawfulnesse of Subjects Taking up Armes against their Soveraigne, in what Case ſoever, page 158:Sozomenus who wrote above twelve hundred years agoe, in his Seaventh Book relates from his own knowledge, that in the Churches of Cyprus and Arabia (places neer to Jeruſalem, and with the firſt frequented by Apoſtles) they had Biſhops in every Village ; and what could thoſe be more then Preſbyters?
** 1659, J[ohn] M[ilton], Considerations Touching the Likeliest Means to Remove Hirelings out of the Church. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcombe] for L[ivewell] Chapman […], →OCLC, pages 57–58:[H]e, a lollard indeed over his elbovv-cuſhion, in almoſt the ſeaventh part of 40. or 50. years teaches them ſcarce half the principles of religion; and his ſheep oft-times ſit the vvhile to as little purpoſe of benifiting as the ſheep in thir pues at Smithfield; […]
** 1976, L[ilian] H[amilton] Jeffery, “Kylon and Drakon”, in Archaic Greece: The City-States, c. 700-500 b.c., New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, section II (Central and Northern Greece), subsection 7 (Athens and Attica), page 86:[T]he law codes drafted in Athens in the late seventh and early sixth centuries were the work of individuals, Drakon and then Solon.
** 2017 January 19, Jack Schofield, “How can I tell if a PC processor is any good?”, in The Guardian‎:Intel usually brings out a new generation of processors every 12-18 months, and the Core range is now in its seventh generation.

#### Derived terms

* half-diminished seventh chord
* major seventh chord
* minor seventh chord
* seventh art
* seventh chord
* seventh cranial nerve
* seventh grade
* seventh grader
* seventh heaven
* seventh inning stretch
* the seventh water after kissel

#### Translations
### Noun

seventh (plural sevenths)
* The person or thing in the seventh position.
* One of seven equal parts of a whole.
* (music) A tone of the seventh degree from a given tone, the interval between two such tones, or the two tones sounding in unison.

#### Derived terms

* augmented seventh
* diminished seventh
* dominant seventh
* major seventh
* minor seventh

#### Translations
## Middle English
### Adjective

seventh
* Alternative form of seventhe
# Pimm's Cup
## English
### Alternative forms

* Pimm's cup

### Etymology

Named after its creator, James Pimm.

### Noun

Pimm's Cup (plural Pimm's Cups)
* A fruit cup, a type of cocktail with gin, a soft drink, and fruit, that is popular in England.
    Synonym: Pimm's
** 2001, Michel LaCroix, New Orleans (Edge Guides), Longstreet Press, →ISBN, page 23:A huge favorite with locals, who swear the Pimm’s Cups are the best in town, it also offers a variety of fresh po’ boys, a hot cheese-drenched ratatouille calzone, spinach-and-artichoke dip, and bruschetta.
** 2010, Adrienne Martini, Sweater Quest: My Year of Knitting Dangerously, Free Press, →ISBN, page 202:In the portrait gallery, Pimm’s Cups are served with odd little canapés of smoked venison and bits of quince.
** 2010, Ivana Lowell, Why Not Say What Happened?: A Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Borzoi Books, Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, page 102:We had made a Pimm’s Cup with all the fruit, borage, and mint that the summer cocktail requires.
** 2011 April 29, James Renovitch, “Calendar: This week’s community listings”, in The Austin Chronicle, volume 30, number 35, page 58:Mouthfeel presents DJ Divorcée and DJ Tip spinning a tribute to Pimm’s Cups, Welsh Corgwn, the Union Jack, and Kate Middleton’s love of drinking parties, just in time for the royal nups.
** 2016, Melissa de la Cruz, Double Eclipse, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN, page 20:“Those don’t look like spritzers,” Ingrid said, […]. Freya laughed. “It’s the French Opera; I made Pimm’s Cups.” “Um, I think that’s Wimbledon,” Ingrid said. “Um, what is a Pimm’s Cup?” Mardi said. “Pimm’s Cups are traditionally associated with Wimbledon, which starts in three weeks,” I added.

### Further reading

* Pimm's Cup on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# advenediza
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /adbeneˈdiθa/ [að̞.β̞e.neˈð̞i.θa]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /adbeneˈdisa/ [að̞.β̞e.neˈð̞i.sa]
* Rhymes: -iθa
* Rhymes: -isa
* Syllabification: ad‧ve‧ne‧di‧za

### Noun

advenediza f (plural advenedizas)
* female equivalent of advenedizo

### Adjective

advenediza
* feminine singular of advenedizo
# protection des données
## French
### Noun

protection des données f (uncountable)
* data protection
# turać
## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from turlać?”)

### Pronunciation

* (Greater Poland):
** (Central Greater Poland) IPA: /ˈtu.rat͡ɕ/
* (Masovia):
** (Near Masovian) IPA: /ˈtu.rat͡ɕ/

### Verb

turać impf
* (reflexive with się, Near Masovian) Synonym of toczyć się
* (intransitive, Central Greater Poland) Synonym of troskać się [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]

### Further reading

* Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889) “turać”, in Jagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page 248
* Oskar Kolberg (1877) “turać”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 24
# נקר
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /naˈkaʁ/

### Etymology

Cognate with Arabic نَقَرَ (naqara, “to dig, bore”) and Aramaic נְקַר. The noun "woodpecker" follows from the verb, and just as in English refers to the bird's characteristic behavior of pecking holes into tree bark to find insects.

### Verb

נָקַר • (nakár) (pa'al construction, future יקור / יִקֹּר)
* to bore, pierce through; gouge out (eyes)
** Tanach, 1 Samuel 11:2, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:שוַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם נָחָשׁ הָעַמּוֹנִי בְּזֹאת אֶכְרֹת לָכֶם בִּנְקוֹר לָכֶם כׇּל־עֵין יָמִין וְשַׂמְתִּיהָ חֶרְפָּה עַל־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל׃And Nahash the Ammonite said unto them: ‘On this condition will I make it with you, that all your right eyes be put out; and I will lay it for a reproach upon all Israel.’
** a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat 130a:16:שֶׁפַּעַם אַחַת גָּזְרָה מַלְכוּת הָרְשָׁעָה גְּזֵרָה עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁכׇּל הַמַּנִּיחַ תְּפִילִּין עַל רֹאשׁוֹ — יִקְּרוּ אֶת מוֹחוֹBecause on one occasion the wicked empire [of Rome] issued a decree against the Jewish people that, [as punishment], they would pierce the brain of anyone who dons phylacteries on his head.
* to peck (chiefly of birds)
** Tanach, Proverbs 30:17, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:עַיִן  תִּלְעַג לְאָב וְתָבֻז לִיקְּהַת־אֵם יִקְּרוּהָ עֹרְבֵי־נַחַל וְיֹאכְלוּהָ בְנֵי־נָשֶׁר׃The eye that mocketh at his father, And despiseth to obey his mother, The ravens of the valley shall pick it out, And the young vultures shall eat it.

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Pronounced נָקַרְתֶּם and נָקַרְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. $^2$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

#### Related terms

* ניקר / נִקֵּר (nikér, “to bore, gouge out”)

### Noun

נַקָּר • (nakár) m [pattern: קַטָּל]
* woodpecker

### Verb

נִקֵּר • (nikér) (pi'el construction)
* defective spelling of ניקר

### References

* H5365 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Klein, Ernest (1987) “נקר”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎, Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 426c
* Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 935a

### Further reading

* נקריים on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
* Nikkur on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# dtp
## Translingual
### Symbol

dtp
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Central Dusun.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Central Dusun terms
# ATV
## English
### Proper noun

ATV
* (broadcasting, television) Initialism of Associated Television.
* (broadcasting, television) Initialism of Asia Television Limited.
* (broadcasting, television) Initialism of ATV (Austria).

### Noun

ATV (countable and uncountable, plural ATVs)
* (transport) Initialism of all-terrain vehicle. (an astride-seated quad or tri-wheeled off-road recreational vehicle).
** 2020, Emily St. John Mandel, The Glass Hotel, Picador (2021), pages 245-246:South of the beach access road, people rode ATVs over the dunes, and the ATV engines sounded like bugs from a distance, a high buzzing whine. Ambulances drove down the beach to collect ATV drivers three or four times a day.
* (transport, space science) Initialism of Automated Transfer Vehicle.
* (broadcasting, television) Initialism of amateur television.
* Initialism of airport transit visa.
* (pharmacology) Abbreviation of atazanavir.

#### Hyponyms

* (all-terrain vehicle): quad bike

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* TVA, VAT, VTA, tav, vat, vta
# kjh
## Translingual
### Symbol

kjh
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Khakas.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Khakas terms
# DPO
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

DPO (plural DPOs)
* (medicine) Initialism of day(s) post-ovulation.
** 2004, Stacy Ziegler, Pathways to Parenthood, page 90:Counting begins the day after ovulation, so if ovulation is on Wednesday, Saturday would be 3 DPO.
** 2005, Patty Debano et al., The Conception Chronicles, page 154:13 DPO: No sign of my period. That's it...I'm pregnant.
* (accounting) Initialism of days payable outstanding.
* (immigration, Australia) Initialism of departure prevention order.
* Initialism of data protection officer.

### Proper noun

DPO
* (UN) Initialism of Department of Peace Operations.

### Anagrams

* -pod, DOP, ODP, PDO, PO'd, POD, dop, po'd, pod, pod-

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deˈpe.o/, [deˈpe.o]

### Noun

DPO (plural DPO-DPO)
* (law enforcement) Initialism of daftar pencarian orang (“wanted list”).

### Further reading

* “DPO” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kanaal
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch kanaal, from Middle Dutch canael, from older canel, from Old French canal, from Latin canālis (“pipe, channel, canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaˈnɑːl/

### Noun

kanaal (plural kanale, diminutive kanaaltjie)
* canal (artificial waterway)

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch canael, from older canel, from Old French canal, from Latin canālis (“pipe, channel, canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaːˈnaːl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ka‧naal
* Rhymes: -aːl

### Noun

kanaal n (plural kanalen, diminutive kanaaltje n)
* canal (artificial waterway)
    Synonyms: gracht, vaart
* television or internet channel
* channel (narrow natural body of water)
    Synonym: straat
* duct, pipe
    Synonym: leiding
* duct-shaped tissue
* frequency band

#### Usage notes

Kanaal is generally not used for city canals, although such usage is attestable. The usual term for those is gracht in the Netherlands and rui in Belgium.

#### Derived terms

* afwateringskanaal
* darmkanaal
* filmkanaal
* geboortekanaal
* hoofdkanaal
* irrigatiekanaal
* juicekanaal
* kabelkanaal
* kanaalpand
* luchtkanaal
* maag-darmkanaal
* spijsverteringskanaal
* suatiekanaal
* themakanaal
* uitwateringskanaal
* verteringskanaal
* waterleidingskanaal
* wortelkanaal
* zeekanaal
* Albertkanaal
* Annerveenschekanaal
* Dolderkanaal
* Eexterveenschekanaal
* Kanaal
* Kanaalbuurt
* Kanaalzijde
* Kanaleneiland
* Musselkanaal
* Noordzeekanaal
* Ommerkanaal
* Panamakanaal
* Scholtenskanaal
* Stadskanaal
* Stieltjeskanaal
* Suezkanaal
* Ter Apelkanaal
* Westkanaaldijk

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: kanaal
* → Caribbean Hindustani: kandál
* → Caribbean Javanese: kanal
* → Indonesian: kanal
* → Sranan Tongo: kanari
* → West Frisian: kanaal

## West Frisian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch kanaal.

### Noun

kanaal n (plural kanalen, diminutive kanaaltsje)
* canal (artificial waterway)
* channel (narrow natural body of water)
* duct-shaped tissue
* frequency band
* television or internet channel
* duct, pipe

#### Further reading

* “kanaal”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
# fluzzim
## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* fluȥȥīmēs

### Verb

fluȥȥīm
* first-person plural preterite subjunctive of flioȥan
# Irlánda
## Northern Sami
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Proper noun

Irlánda
* Ireland (an island and country in northwestern Europe)

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
# پدر
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian پدر.

### Noun

پدر • (peder)
* father
    Synonyms: بابا (baba), والد (vâlid)

#### Derived terms

* پدری (pederî, “paternal; paternity”)

#### Related terms

* مادر (mader)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: peder

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* پیر (piyar) (dialectal, Herati)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭓‎𐭐𐭃 (pidar), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 (pitā), from Proto-Iranian *pHtā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pHtā́ (compare Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ), Hindi पिता (pitā), बाप (bāp)), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [pa.ˈðaɾ], [pi.ˈðaɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰä.d̪ǽɾ], [pʰɪ.d̪ǽɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [pʰä.d̪ǽɾ], [pʰɪ.d̪ǽɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [pʰä.d̪ǽɾ], [pʰɪ.d̪ǽɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [pʰä.d̪ǽɾ], [pʰi.d̪ǽɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [pʰe.d̪ǽɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [pʰä.d̪ǽɾ]
* Audio (Iran):(file)
* Rhymes: -ar
* (dialectal, Isfahan) IPA: /peˈdeɾ/

### Noun

پِدَر • (pedar) (plural پدران (pedarân) or پدرها (pedar-hâ))
* father
    Synonyms: بابا (bâbâ), بو (bow), اتا (ata), باب (bâb)

#### Derived terms

* بر پدر کسی لعنت (bar pedar-e kasi la'nat)
* بی‌پدر (bi-pedar)
* بی‌پدرمادر (bi-pedar-mâdar)
* روزِ پدر (ruz-e-pedar)
* مادرپدر (mâdar-pedar)
* ناپدری (nâpedari)
* پدرآمرزیده (pedar-âmorzide)
* پدرانه (pedarâne)
* پدربزرگ (pedar-bozorg)
* پدرجَد (pedar-jadd)
* پدرخوانده (pedar-xânde)
* پدرزن (pedar-zan)
* پدرسالار (pedar-sâlâr)
* پدرسوخته (pedar-suxte)
* پدرسگ (pedar-sag)
* پدرشوهر (pedar-šowhar)
* پدرمادردار (pedar-mâdar-dâr)
* پدروار (pedarvâr)
* پدرِ روحانی (pedar-e-rowhâni)
* پدرِ زیستی (pedar-e-zisti)
* پدرِ کسی را درآوردن (pedar-e kasi râ dar-âvardan)
* پدرکُشتگی (pedar-koštegi)
* پدرکُشی (pedar-koši)
* پدری (pedari)

#### Descendants

* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: पिदर (pidar)
    Urdu: پدر (pidar)
* → Ottoman Turkish: پدر
** Turkish: peder

#### See also

* When referring to older family members, both بزرگ (buzurg) and کلان (kalān) are correct, but the latter is more common in Afghanistan.
* In many dialects, cases of word final ـا (-ā) may be shortened to ـه (-a).
* In many dialects, all family names ending in ـه (-a) may have an epenthetic ـی (-y) added, e.g. عمه (amma) -> عمی (ammay) (unrelated to ezafe).

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “پدر”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “پدر”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian پدر (pidar), from Middle Persian 𐭓‎𐭐𐭃 (pidar), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 (pitā), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr. Doublet of پتا (pitā).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /pɪ.d̪əɾ/
* Rhymes: -əɾ

### Noun

پدر • (pidar) m (Hindi spelling पिदर)
* father
    Synonym: باپ (bāp)

#### Related terms

* پدری (pidarī)

#### See also

* پتر (pitṛ)
# 奶茶
## Chinese

* 奶茶 (Gan)
* Nai-chhà (Hakka)
* 奶茶 (Classical)
* Leng-tê (Southern Min)
* 奶茶 (搞清楚) (Cantonese)
* 奶茶 (Wu)
* 奶茶 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nǎichá
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄞˇ ㄔㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naai$^5$ caa$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ni-tê / lin-tê / leng-têe / leng-tê
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ni$^6$ dê$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$na-zo$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nǎichá
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˇ ㄔㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nǎichá
*** Wade–Giles: nai$^3$-chʻa$^2$
*** Yale: nǎi-chá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: naechar
*** Palladius: найча (najča)
*** Sinological IPA : /naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naai$^5$ caa$^4$
*** Yale: náaih chàh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naai$^5$ tsaa$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nai$^5$ ca$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːi̯¹³ t͡sʰaː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ni-tê
*** Tâi-lô: ni-tê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ni'dee
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nĩ⁴⁴⁻²² te²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /nĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ te²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lin-tê
*** Tâi-lô: lin-tê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lindee
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lin³³ te²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: leng-têe
*** Tâi-lô: ling-têe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɛ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: leng-tê
*** Tâi-lô: ling-tê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lengdee
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ te²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ni$^6$ dê$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nĭ tê
*** Sinological IPA : /ni³⁵⁻¹¹ te⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$na-zo$_6$
*** MiniDict: na$^去$ zo$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$na-zo$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /na²² zo⁴⁴/

### Noun

奶茶
* milk tea
    港式奶茶 ― gǎngshì nǎichá ― Hong Kong-style milk tea

#### Synonyms

* (Singapore Teochew) 茶奶 (tê$^5$ ni$^6$)

#### Derived terms

* 奶茶聯盟 / 奶茶联盟 (Nǎichá Liánméng)
* 珍珠奶茶 (zhēnzhū nǎichá)
* 絲襪奶茶 / 丝袜奶茶 (sīwà nǎichá)
* 鮮奶茶 / 鲜奶茶 (xiān nǎichá)