# 和

| 和 | U+548C, &#21644; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-548C |
| ← 咋 [U+548B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 咍 → [U+548D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

和 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹木口 (HDR), four-corner 2690$_0$, composition ⿰禾口)

#### Derived characters

* 俰, 啝, 𡞈, 𣷓, 𮠱, 𨨛(𫓼), 𧇮, 萂, 惒, 𨨑

#### Descendants

* わ (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
* ワ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 185, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3490
* Dae Jaweon: page 404, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 602, character 1
* Unihan data for U+548C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 和 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 科 | *kʰoːl, *kʰoːls |
| 萪 | *kʰoːl |
| 蝌 | *kʰoːl |
| 犐 | *kʰoːl |
| 禾 | *ɡoːl |
| 和 | *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls |
| 咊 | *ɡoːl |
| 盉 | *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls |
| 龢 | *ɡoːl |
| 鉌 | *ɡoːl |
| 俰 | *ɡoːls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls): phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – harmony. The original version was 龢, with the radical of the flute 𠎤 (> 龠) in its either archaic or contracted version perhaps to indicate the abstract concept of harmony through harmony in music.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “see talk”)

#### “and; with”

    Zhao (2018) suggests that hàn and hài may ultimately derive from the contractions of 還有／还有 (háiyǒu) in colloquial speech. On the other hand, Yu (1988) and Jiang (2012) argue hàn and hài derive from 喚／唤 (huàn, “to call”).

#### “Japanese”

    Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和(やまと) (Yamato). The original character was a replacement for earlier 倭(わ) (Wa) in 757 CE with a character that sounded similar in contemporary pronunciations of Chinese, 和, due to the offensive meaning of 倭.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hé (he$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ho$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wo$^4$ / wo$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vo$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fo$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fò
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fo$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): hue$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): uǎ
* Eastern Min (BUC): huò
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hô / hô͘ / hê / hêr / hôe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hua$^5$ / huê$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$wu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ho$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hé
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hé
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$
*** Yale: hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ho$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xo
*** Sinological IPA : /xo²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^4$ / wo$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: wòh / wó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^4$ / wo$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^4$ / wo$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː²¹/, /wɔː²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /vᵘɔ²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: fo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fo³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fò
*** Hakka Romanization System: fo$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hue$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɤ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǎ
*** Sinological IPA : /ua²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huò
*** Sinological IPA : /huo⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô
*** Tâi-lô: hô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hooi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ho²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
*** Tâi-lô: hôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hê
*** Tâi-lô: hê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hee
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /he²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêr
*** Tâi-lô: hêr
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen): /hə²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôe
*** Tâi-lô: huê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoee
*** IPA (Tainan, Yilan): /hue²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue¹³/
* hô/hô͘ - literary;
* hê/hêr/hôe - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: hwa
Rime :
| Character | 和 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 戸戈切 |
| Baxter | hwa |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwa/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wo$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤoj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 和 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwa › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁoj/ |
| English | harmonious |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 和 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 4932 |
| Phonetic component | 禾 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 和 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡoːl/ |

#### Definitions

和
* peaceful; harmonious
    和平 ― hépíng ― peace, peaceful
* gentle; kind
* warm; temperate
* sum; total
       Wǔ jiā sì de hé shì jiǔ. [Pinyin]
       The sum of 5 and 4 is 9.
* to make peace; to become reconciled
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    zǐ yuē: jūnzǐ hé ér bù tóng, xiǎorén tóng ér bù hé [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "The superior man is affable, but not adulatory; the mean man is adulatory, but not affable."
* (sports) to tie
    和波 [Cantonese] ― wo$^4$ bo$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to tie a football match
* (music) An ancient mouth organ similar to the sheng, but smaller; no longer used.
* Japanese
    和服 ― héfú ― kimono, Japanese traditional clothing
* a surname, He

#### Compounds

* 一和
* 一團和氣 / 一团和气 (yītuánhéqì)
* 一答一和兒 / 一答一和儿
* 上和下睦
* 三和弦 (sānhéxián)
* 三杯和萬事 / 三杯和万事
* 不和 (bùhé)
* 世界和平紀念日 / 世界和平纪念日
* 中和 (zhōnghé)
* 中和反應 / 中和反应
* 中和殿
* 中和節 / 中和节
* 中華人民共和國 / 中华人民共和国 (Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó)
* 主和弦
* 乾和 / 干和
* 二二八和平公園 / 二二八和平公园
* 五族共和 (wǔzú gònghé)
* 人和
* 保和殿
* 修和
* 倉老鼠和老鴰去借糧 / 仓老鼠和老鸹去借粮
* 做一天和尚撞一天鐘 / 做一天和尚撞一天钟 (zuò yītiān héshang zhuàng yītiān zhōng)
* 傷和氣 / 伤和气 (shāng héqi)
* 元和 (Yuánhé)
* 元和腳 / 元和脚
* 元和體 / 元和体
* 八千里路雲和月 (bāqiān lǐ lù yún hé yuè)
* 六脈調和 / 六脉调和
* 共和 (gònghé)
* 共和國 / 共和国 (gònghéguó)
* 共和時代 / 共和时代
* 凡爾賽和約 / 凡尔赛和约
* 前和
* 前門不進師姑，後門不進和尚 / 前门不进师姑，后门不进和尚
* 劉彥和 / 刘彦和
* 勸和 / 劝和 (quànhé)
* 協和 / 协和 (xiéhé)
* 南北和議 / 南北和议
* 取和
* 和一
* 和事佬 (héshìlǎo)
* 和事天子
* 和事老
* 和光同塵 / 和光同尘
* 和勝 / 和胜
* 和勸 / 和劝
* 和協 / 和协 (héxié)
* 和南 (hénán)
* 和厚
* 周召共和
* 和合 (héhé)
* 和同
* 和合二仙
* 和合僧
* 和合日
* 和合湯 / 和合汤
* 和味
* 和和氣氣 / 和和气气
* 和哄
* 和善 (héshàn)
* 和囉 / 和啰
* 和囉槌 / 和啰槌
* 和好 (héhǎo)
* 和好如初 (héhǎorúchū)
* 和姦 / 和奸
* 和婉
* 和容悅色 / 和容悦色
* 和尚 (héshàng)
* 和尚吃八方
* 和尚在，缽盂在 / 和尚在，钵盂在
* 和尚打傘 / 和尚打伞
* 和尚拖木頭 / 和尚拖木头
* 和尚無兒孝子多 / 和尚无儿孝子多
* 和尚跟著月亮走
* 和局 (héjú)
* 和平 (hépíng)
* 和平主義 / 和平主义 (hépíngzhǔyì)
* 和平使者 (hépíng shǐzhě)
* 和平共存 (hépíng gòngcún)
* 和平共處 / 和平共处 (hépíng gòngchǔ)
* 和平工作團 / 和平工作团
* 和平改革
* 和平日 (hépíngrì)
* 和平條約 / 和平条约 (hépíng tiáoyuē)
* 和平紀念公園 / 和平纪念公园
* 和平談判 / 和平谈判 (hépíng tánpàn)
* 和平鴿 / 和平鸽 (hépínggē)
* 和弦 (héxián)
* 和息 (héxī)
* 和悅 / 和悦 (héyuè)
* 和戎
* 和數 / 和数
* 和文 (Héwén)
* 和旨
* 和易
* 和景
* 和暖 (hénuǎn)
* 和暢 / 和畅 (héchàng)
* 和會 / 和会
* 和服 (héfú)
* 和林 (Hélín)
* 和樂 / 和乐 (hélè)
* 和歌 (hégē)
* 和氏
* 和氏璧 (Héshìbì)
* 和氣 / 和气
* 和氣生財 / 和气生财 (héqìshēngcái)
* 和氣習習 / 和气习习
* 和氣致祥 / 和气致祥
* 和氣融融 / 和气融融
* 和洽 (héqià)
* 和煦 (héxù)
* 和熊
* 和珅
* 和璧 (Hébì)
* 和璧隋珠
* 和田 (Hétián)
* 和番
* 和盤托出 / 和盘托出 (hépántuōchū)
* 和睦 (hémù)
* 和約 / 和约 (héyuē)
* 和緩 / 和缓 (héhuǎn)
* 和羹
* 和而不同 (hé'érbùtóng)
* 和聲 / 和声 (héshēng)
* 和聲學 / 和声学
* 和聲樂器 / 和声乐器
* 和菜
* 和藹 / 和蔼 (hé'ǎi)
* 和藹可親 / 和蔼可亲 (hé'ǎikěqīn)
* 和衣
* 和衷共濟 / 和衷共济 (hézhōnggòngjì)
* 和袖
* 和親 / 和亲 (héqīn)
* 和解 (héjiě)
* 和解政策
* 和解書 / 和解书
* 和誘 / 和诱
* 和誘罪 / 和诱罪
* 和談 / 和谈 (hétán)
* 和調 / 和调
* 和諧 / 和谐 (héxié)
* 和謙 / 和谦 (Héqiān)
* 和議 / 和议 (héyì)
* 和買 / 和买
* 和闐 / 和阗 (Hétián)
* 和闐玉 / 和阗玉
* 和闐縣 / 和阗县
* 和闐語 / 和阗语
* 和隋之珍
* 和音 (héyīn)
* 和韻 / 和韵
* 和順 / 和顺 (héshùn)
* 和頭 / 和头
* 和顏 / 和颜
* 和顏下氣 / 和颜下气
* 和顏悅色 / 和颜悦色 (héyányuèsè)
* 和風 / 和风 (héfēng)
* 和風細雨 / 和风细雨 (héfēngxìyǔ)
* 和風麗日 / 和风丽日
* 和鬧 / 和闹
* 和鳴 / 和鸣
* 和鸞 / 和鸾
* 咸和
* 回和
* 國和民順 / 国和民顺
* 國際和平軍 / 国际和平军
* 圓和 / 圆和
* 地利人和
* 堂頭和尚 / 堂头和尚
* 多元不飽和脂肪酸 / 多元不饱和脂肪酸
* 大和尚
* 大和民族
* 大和繪 / 大和绘
* 大宋宣和遺事 / 大宋宣和遗事
* 太和 (Tàihé)
* 天和 (tiānhú)
* 太和正音譜 / 太和正音谱
* 太和殿 (Tàihédiàn)
* 夫婦和 / 夫妇和
* 天心和合
* 天時不如地利，地利不如人和 / 天时不如地利，地利不如人和
* 天時地利人和 / 天时地利人和 (tiānshí dìlì rénhé)
* 失和 (shīhé)
* 姑子死和尚
* 媾和 (gòuhé)
* 安和
* 安和樂利 / 安和乐利
* 宜和 (Yíhé)
* 宣和
* 宣和書譜 / 宣和书谱
* 宣和畫譜 / 宣和画谱
* 家和萬事興 / 家和万事兴 (jiā hé wànshì xīng)
* 寬和 / 宽和 (kuānhé)
* 將相和 / 将相和
* 對著和尚罵賊禿 / 对著和尚骂贼秃
* 小和尚念經 / 小和尚念经
* 山和尚 (shānhéshàng)
* 巴駱和 / 巴骆和
* 巴黎和會 / 巴黎和会
* 巴黎和約 / 巴黎和约
* 布袋和尚
* 平和
* 平和恬淡
* 庭外和解
* 廣州和約 / 广州和约
* 心和氣平 / 心和气平
* 心平氣和 / 心平气和 (xīnpíngqìhé)
* 恬和
* 恭謹謙和 / 恭谨谦和
* 愛爾蘭共和軍 / 爱尔兰共和军
* 慈和
* 戰爭與和平 / 战争与和平
* 握手言和
* 搆和 / 构和
* 政通人和 (zhèngtōngrénhé)
* 文星和合
* 日暖風和 / 日暖风和
* 日麗風和 / 日丽风和
* 昭君和番
* 昭和 (Zhāohé)
* 春和景明 (chūnhéjǐngmíng)
* 昭和草
* 春風和氣 / 春风和气
* 時和年豐 / 时和年丰
* 時和歲稔 / 时和岁稔
* 時和歲豐 / 时和岁丰
* 晴和 (qínghé)
* 暄和
* 暖和和
* 林和靖
* 柔和 (róuhé)
* 樂和 / 乐和
* 民和
* 民和年稔
* 民和年豐 / 民和年丰
* 永和 (Yǒnghé)
* 求和 (qiúhé)
* 沖和 / 冲和
* 法海和尚
* 油花和尚
* 流和心性
* 海牙和平會議 / 海牙和平会议
* 混俗和光
* 淳和
* 清和 (Qīnghé)
* 混和 (hùnhé)
* 渾俗和光 / 浑俗和光
* 溫和 / 温和
* 溫和飲食 / 温和饮食
* 漢和帝 / 汉和帝
* 漏春和尚
* 無添和 / 无添和
* 熟讀王叔和，不如臨症多 / 熟读王叔和，不如临症多
* 燮和
* 燮和之任
* 王叔和
* 玉體違和 / 玉体违和
* 琴瑟和好
* 琴瑟和諧 / 琴瑟和谐
* 琴瑟和鳴 / 琴瑟和鸣 (qínsèhémíng)
* 琴瑟調和 / 琴瑟调和
* 當一天和尚撞一天鐘 / 当一天和尚撞一天钟
* 當家和尚 / 当家和尚
* 瘸和尚說法 / 瘸和尚说法
* 百事和合
* 神清氣和 / 神清气和
* 祥和 (xiánghé)
* 禪和子 / 禅和子
* 禮之用，和為貴 / 礼之用，和为贵 (lǐ zhī yòng, hé wéi guì)
* 算𣍐和 / 算𫧃和 (sǹg-bē-hô)
* 算術和 / 算术和
* 綠色和平 / 绿色和平
* 緩和 / 缓和 (huǎnhé)
* 緩和劑 / 缓和剂
* 總和 / 总和 (zǒnghé)
* 義和 / 义和 (Yìhé)
* 義和團 / 义和团 (Yìhétuán)
* 義和拳 / 义和拳 (Yìhéquán)
* 群居和一
* 羲和
* 羲和馭日 / 羲和驭日
* 老和尚撞鐘 / 老和尚撞钟
* 老和尚看嫁妝 / 老和尚看嫁妆
* 耶和華 / 耶和华 (Yēhéhuá)
* 脾和
* 至和
* 臺北捷運中和線 / 台北捷运中和线
* 興和 / 兴和
* 花和尚 (huāhéshàng)
* 藍采和
* 融和 (rónghé)
* 見了和尚罵賊禿 / 见了和尚骂贼秃
* 親和力 / 亲和力 (qīnhélì)
* 解和 (jiěhé)
* 言和 (yánhé)
* 言和意順 / 言和意顺
* 言歸和好 / 言归和好
* 請和 / 请和
* 談和 / 谈和
* 調和 / 调和 (tiáohé)
* 調和鼎鼐 / 调和鼎鼐
* 諧和 / 谐和 (xiéhé)
* 謙和 / 谦和 (qiānhé)
* 講和 / 讲和 (jiǎnghé)
* 議和 / 议和 (yìhé)
* 貴體違和 / 贵体违和
* 走了和尚走不了廟 / 走了和尚走不了庙
* 跑了和尚跑不了廟 / 跑了和尚跑不了庙
* 跳牆和尚 / 跳墙和尚
* 躲得和尚躲不得寺
* 辛丑和約 / 辛丑和约
* 連和 / 连和
* 逼和 (bīhé)
* 違和 / 违和 (wéihé)
* 過飽和 / 过饱和 (guòbǎohé)
* 遠來的和尚好看經 / 远来的和尚好看经
* 遠來的和尚會念經 / 远来的和尚会念经
* 鄭元和 / 郑元和
* 鄭和 / 郑和
* 醇和
* 金和
* 陰陽和 / 阴阳和
* 陽和 / 阳和
* 隨和 / 随和
* 雍和
* 雍和宮 (Yōnghé Gōng)
* 零和 (línghé)
* 音和
* 順和 / 顺和
* 頤和園 / 颐和园 (Yíhéyuán)
* 風和日暖 / 风和日暖 (fēnghérìnuǎn)
* 風和日美 / 风和日美
* 風和日麗 / 风和日丽 (fēnghérìlì)
* 風日晴和 / 风日晴和
* 飲和 / 饮和
* 飽和 / 饱和 (bǎohé)
* 飽和化合物 / 饱和化合物
* 飽和單位重 / 饱和单位重
* 飽和帶 / 饱和带
* 飽和度 / 饱和度
* 飽和水蒸汽 / 饱和水蒸汽
* 飽和溼度 / 饱和湿度
* 飽和溶液 / 饱和溶液
* 飽和蒸汽 / 饱和蒸汽
* 飽和蒸汽壓 / 饱和蒸汽压
* 飽和狀態 / 饱和状态
* 飽和空氣 / 饱和空气
* 飽和脂肪 / 饱和脂肪 (bǎohé zhīfáng)
* 飽和脂肪酸 / 饱和脂肪酸 (bǎohé zhīfángsuān)
* 飽和轟炸 / 饱和轰炸
* 飽和點 / 饱和点
* 養和 / 养和
* 馴和 / 驯和
* 魚水和諧 / 鱼水和谐
* 鸞和 / 鸾和
* 鸞鳳和鳴 / 鸾凤和鸣
* 鼎鼐調和 / 鼎鼐调和

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 和(か) (ka)
* → Korean: 화(和) (hwa)
* → Vietnamese: hoà (和)
Others:
* → Thai: ฮั้ว (húua)
* → Vietnamese: hùa

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hé, hàn, hài (he$^2$, han$^4$, hai$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ, ㄏㄢˋ, ㄏㄞˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ho$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wo$^4$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fo$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hām / hâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hua$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$wu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, literary, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hé
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hé
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$
*** Yale: hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial, originally Beijing dialect, now standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
*** Wade–Giles: han$^4$
*** Yale: hàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵¹/
** (colloquial, dated Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hài
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hài
*** Wade–Giles: hai$^4$
*** Yale: hài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hay
*** Palladius: хай (xaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xaɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ho$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xo
*** Sinological IPA : /xo²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^4$
*** Yale: wòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hām
*** Tâi-lô: hām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ham
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ham³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
*** Tâi-lô: hâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haam
*** IPA (Taipei): /ham²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hua$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ
*** Sinological IPA : /hua⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$wu
*** MiniDict: wu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/

#### Definitions

和
* and
    我和你 ― wǒ hé nǐ ― me and you
       Wǒ xiǎng mǎi xiē ròu, yú, miànbāo hé jīdàn. [Pinyin]
       I want to buy some meat, fish, bread, and eggs.
    From: 2000, 梁左 and 梁欢, 《闲人马大姐》, episode 7
    Zhèi shì nǎr hàn nǎr a zhè shì? [Pinyin]
    What kind of connection is this?
* with
       Tā hé liúlàng jiētóu de háizǐ jiāo shàng le péngyǒu. [Pinyin]
       He has made friends with the kids on the street.
       Tā xiǎng hé qítā guójiā cǎiqǔ yīzhì xíngdòng. [Pinyin]
       He wants to act in concert with other nations.
       Hé nǐ de chē bǐqǐ lái, wǒ de chē hěn xiǎo. [Pinyin]
       Compared with yours, my car is small.
       Rúguǒ nǐ bǎ yìwén hé yuánwén bǐjiào yīxià, nǐ jiù huì zhǎo dào bù zhǔnquè de dìfang. [Pinyin]
       If you compare the translation with the original, you will find the inaccuracy.
       Yìsī hé rìyǔ de “dame” lèisì. [Pinyin]
       The meaning is similar to the Japanese dame.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 與, 及 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 跟, 和 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 跟, 和 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 和, 跟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 和, 跟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 和, 跟, 給 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 連 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 跟, 連 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 帶, 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 給 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 帶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 連 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 跟, 和 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 跟, 連, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 跟, 給, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 跟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 跟, 同, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 跟, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 跟, 同, 和 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 告, 跟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 跟, 交 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 跟 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鄧, 同 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 跟, 同 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 和 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 同, 跟 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 同, 摎 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 澗 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 同 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 同 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 和 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 摎 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 佮 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 搭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 和, 跟 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 給 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 邀 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 邀, 儉, 教 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 邀 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 邀, 跟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 隨 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 傮, 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 跟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 交 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 佮, 共 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 共 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 共 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 共 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 共 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 共 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 共 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 同, 同埋 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 跟, 邀 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 搭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 脫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 搭, 搭仔 |
| Wu | Danyang | 同, 跟 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 同 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 搭, 搭仔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 伉 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 亨, 跟 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 跟 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 跟 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 跟, 同 |

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hè (he$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wo$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vo$^5$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fo$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hō
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ho$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hè
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hè
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^4$
*** Yale: hè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^6$
*** Yale: woh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vo$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /vᵘɔ³²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō
*** Tâi-lô: hō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ho²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ho³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ho$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŏ
*** Sinological IPA : /ho³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hwaH
Rime :
| Character | 和 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡卧切 |
| Baxter | hwaH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwa$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wo$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤoj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 和 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwa$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ˁoj-s/ |
| English | tune (instruments); respond in singing |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 和 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 4937 |
| Phonetic component | 禾 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡoːls/ |

#### Definitions

和
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to make sounds in concert with; to echo
    附和 ― fùhè ― to second, to echo
    唱和 ― chànghè ― antiphon, sung reply
    應和／应和 ― yìnghè ― to echo, to correspond
    酬和 ― chóuhè ― to respond to a poem with a poem

#### Compounds

* 一倡百和 (yīchàngbǎihè)
* 一唱一和 (yīchàngyīhè)
* 一唱百和 (yīchàngbǎihè)
* 倡和
* 和詩 / 和诗
* 和韻 / 和韵
* 和韻詩 / 和韵诗
* 唱和 (chànghè)
* 壎箎相和
* 屬和 / 属和
* 彼倡此和
* 彼唱此和
* 應和 / 应和 (yìnghè)
* 曲高和寡 (qǔgāohèguǎ)
* 此唱彼和
* 相和 (xiānghè)
* 相和歌
* 遙相應和 / 遥相应和
* 酬和 (chóuhè)
* 附和 (fùhè)
* 隨和 / 随和
* 隨聲附和 / 随声附和 (suíshēngfùhè)

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): huó, huò (huo$^2$, huo$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˊ, ㄏㄨㄛˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ho$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wo$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vo$^1$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fo$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hô
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hua$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huó
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huó
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^2$
*** Yale: hwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwo
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huò
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$
*** Yale: hwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ho$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xo
*** Sinological IPA : /xo²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^4$
*** Yale: wòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /vᵘɔ³³/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô
*** Tâi-lô: hô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hooi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ho²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hua$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ
*** Sinological IPA : /hua⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

和
* to mix with water to make something stick together; to knead
    和麵／和面 ― huómiàn ― to knead dough

#### Compounds

* 和丸教子
* 和麵 / 和面

### Pronunciation 5

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huò (huo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wo$^4$ / gwo$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): go$^4$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fo$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hō / hō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huê$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huò
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$
*** Yale: hwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^4$ / gwo$^3$
*** Yale: wòh / gwo
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^4$ / gwo$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^4$ / guo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː²¹/, /kʷɔː³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: go$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kᵘɔ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō
*** Tâi-lô: hō
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoi
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ho²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
*** Tâi-lô: hōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ho
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huê$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /hue³⁵/

#### Definitions

和
* to mix (usually substances in powder or grain form)
    攪和／搅和 ― jiǎohuo ― to stir, to mix
* to add water to make something less thick
* Classifier for the number of rinses when washing clothes.
* Classifier for the number of times a dose of traditional Chinese medicine is boiled.

#### Compounds

* 二和藥 / 二和药
* 和弄
* 和稀泥 (huò xīní)
* 和墨
* 夾和 / 夹和
* 打和
* 打和哄
* 打落牙齒和血吞 / 打落牙齿和血吞
* 摻和 / 掺和
* 攙和 / 搀和
* 攪和 / 搅和 (jiǎohuo)

### Pronunciation 6

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hú (hu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wu$^4$ / wu$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vu$^3$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fu$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ô͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hú
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hú
*** Wade–Giles: hu$^2$
*** Yale: hú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
*** Palladius: ху (xu)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wu$^4$ / wu$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: wùh / wú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wu$^4$ / wu$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wu$^4$ / wu$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuː²¹/, /wuː²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /vu²²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ô͘
*** Tâi-lô: ôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔ²³/

#### Definitions

和
* (mahjong) to have a winning hand
    和牌 ― húpái ― to win in mahjong

##### Usage notes

* When playing mahjong, a player may say this word as a call when winning from another player's discard.

#### Compounds

* 和牌 (húpái)
* 碰和
* 碰碰和 (pèngpènghú)

#### Synonyms

* (Cantonese) 食糊
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) 到 (kàu)

#### See also

* Japanese: 和了(ホーラ) (hōra)

### Pronunciation 7

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huo (huo$^5$／huo$^0$)
    (Zhuyin): ˙ㄏㄨㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wo$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huo
*** Zhuyin: ˙ㄏㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huo̊
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^5$
*** Yale: hwo
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .huo
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^4$
*** Yale: wòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː²¹/

#### Definitions

和
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) warm
    暖和 ― nuǎnhuo ― warm
    溫和／温和 ― wēnhuo ― warm, lukewarm

#### Compounds

* 暖和
* 溫和 / 温和
* 熱和 / 热和 (rèhuo)
* 軟和 / 软和 (ruǎnhuo)

### References

* “和”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: わ (wa, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: か (ka)
* Tō-on: お (o, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kun: あえる (aeru, 和える)、なごむ (nagomu, 和む, Jōyō)、なごやか (nagoyaka, 和やか, Jōyō)、やわらぐ (yawaragu, 和らぐ, Jōyō)、やわらげる (yawarageru, 和らげる, Jōyō)、やまと (yamato)
* Nanori: あい (ai)、いず (izu)、かつ (katsu)、かづ (kazu)、かず (kazu)、かつり (katsuri)、かず (kazu)、たけ (take)、ち (chi)、とも (tomo)、な (na)、にぎ (nigi)、のどか (nodoka)、まさ (masa)、やす (yasu)、よし (yoshi)、より (yori)、わだこ (wadako)、わっ (wa')

#### Compounds

* 和(お)尚(しょう) (oshō)
* 和(わ)韻(いん) (wain)
* 和(わ)英(えい) (waei)
* 和(わ)歌(か) (waka)
* 和(わ)解(かい) (wakai)
* 和(わ)学(がく) (wagaku)
* 和(わ)菓(が)子(し) (wagashi)
* 和(わ)漢(かん) (wakan)
* 和(わ)姦(かん) (wakan)
* 和(わ)漢(かん)混(こん)交(こう)文(ぶん) (wakan konkō bun)
* 和(わ)気(き) (waki)
* 和(わ)気(き)藹(あい) (wakiai)
* 和(わ)気(き)藹(あい)藹(あい) (wakiaiai)
* 和(わ)議(ぎ) (wagi)
* 和(わ)協(きょう) (wakyō)
* 和(わ)訓(くん) (wakun)
* 和(わ)敬(けい) (wakei)
* 和(わ)敬(けい)静(せい)寂(じゃく) (wakei seijaku)
* 和(わ)語(ご) (wago)
* 和(わ)寇(こう) (wakō)
* 和(わ)合(ごう) (wagō)
* 和(わ)光(こう)同(どう)塵(じん) (wakō dōjin)
* 和(わ)琴(きん) (wakin)
* 和(わ)魂(こん)漢(かん)才(さい) (wakon kansai)
* 和(わ)裁(さい) (wasai)
* 和(わ)算(さん) (wasan)
* 和(わ)紙(し) (washi)
* 和(わ)字(じ) (waji)
* 和(わ)室(しつ) (washitsu)
* 和(わ)習(しゅう) (washū)
* 和(わ)順(じゅん) (wajun)
* 和(わ)書(しょ) (washo)
* 和(わ)上(じょう) (wajō)
* 和(わ)食(しょく) (washoku)
* 和(わ)製(せい) (wasei)
* 和(わ)戦(せん) (wasen)
* 和(わ)同(どう) (wadō)
* 和(わ)銅(どう) (Wadō)
* 和(わ)風(ふう) (wafū)
* 和(わ)服(ふく) (wafuku)
* 和(わ)文(ぶん) (wabun)
* 和(わ)平(へい) (wahei)
* 和(わ)睦(ぼく) (waboku)
* 和(わ)本(ほん) (wahon)
* 和(わ)名(めい) (wamei)
* 和(わ)訳(やく) (wayaku)
* 和(わ)洋(よう) (wayō)
* 和(わ)洋(よう)折(せ)衷(ちゅう) (wayō sechū)
* 和(わ)様(よう) (wayō)
* 和(わ)学(がく) (wagaku)
* 漢(かん)和(わ)辞(じ)典(てん) (kanwa jiten)
* 緩(かん)和(わ) (kanwa)
* 講(こう)和(わ) (kōwa)
* 昭(しょう)和(わ) (Shōwa)
* 唱(しょう)和(わ) (shōwa)
* 総(そう)和(わ) (sōwa)
* 調(ちょう)和(わ) (chōwa)
* 柔(にゅう)和(わ) (nyūwa): gentleness, meekness, mildness
* 飽(ほう)和(わ) (hōwa)
* 令(れい)和(わ) (Reiwa): a new era name, effective on the 1st of May, 2019
* 大和(やまと) (Yamato)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 和
* わ Grade: 3
* goon
From Middle Chinese 和 (MC hwa, “harmonious”).
The “Japan” sense appears during the reign of Empress Genmei (707–715 CE), as this character 和(わ) (Wa) was chosen as a homophone with a more favorable meaning to replace the previous character 倭(わ) (Wa) then in use as the kanji name for Japan (see the etymology at 大和(やまと) (Yamato) for more details). The “Japan” sense was usually read with a kun'yomi of yamato, until some time in the Muromachi period, when the go'on reading of Wa became more common.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) わ [wáꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [β̞a̠]

#### Noun

和(わ) • (wa)
* peace, harmony, tranquillity, serenity.
* (mathematics) sum
    Antonym: (difference) 差 (sa)

##### See also

* 被(ひ)加(か)数(すう) (hikasū); 加(か)数(すう) (kasū)

#### Affix

和(わ) • (wa)
* Japan, Japanese, Nippo-
    和(わ)露(ろ)辞(じ)典(てん)
       Wa-Ro jiten
       Japanese-Russian dictionary
    和(わ)食(しょく)
       washoku
       Japanese-style food, Japanese cuisine
    和(わ)室(しつ)
       washitsu
       a Japanese-style room with tatami flooring and usually sliding doors
    和(わ)映(えい)画(が)
       wa-eiga
       Japanese films, Japanese cinema

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 和
* やまと Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
See Etymology 1.
In modern Japanese, the Yamato reading is more commonly spelled 大和.

#### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 和 – see the following entry. :
| 【大和やまと】 | [proper noun] a town in the Shikinoshimo district in the Yamato Province of Japan, generally equivalent to modern Tenri area [proper noun] A city in Kanagawa prefecture [proper noun] one of the old provinces that made up Japan, generally equivalent to modern Nara prefecture [proper noun] the country of Japan Alternative spelling 倭 |
(This term, 和, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 和
* のど Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 和 – see the following entry. :
| 【閑のど】S | [adjective] (archaic) tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful |
(This term, 和, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 和
* やわ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 和 – see the following entry. :
| 【柔やわ】S | [adjective] weak |
(This term, 和, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 和
* のどか Grade: 3
* nanori
Used as ateji in various names.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [no̞do̞ka̠]

#### Proper noun

和(のどか) • (Nodoka)
* a unisex given name

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 和 (MC hwa).

### Hanja

Wikisource 和 (eumhun 화할 화 (hwahal hwa))
* hanja form of 화 (“harmony; peace”)
* hanja form of 화 (“a free-reed mouth organ with 13 bamboo pipes used in ancient times”)

#### Compounds

* 화평 (和平, hwapyeong)
* 평화 (平和, pyeonghwa, “peace”)
* 조화 (調和, johwa, “harmony; balance”)
* 화해 (和解, hwahae, “reconciliation”)
* 화목 (和睦, hwamok, “harmoniousness”)
* 화합 (和合, hwahap, “harmony; cohesion”)
* 유화 (柔和, yuhwa, “gentle”)
* 친화 (親和, chinhwa, “friendliness”)
* 화음 (和音, hwa'eum, “chord”)
* 포화 (飽和, pohwa, “saturation”)
* 불화 (不和, bulhwa, “disharmony”)
* 공화국 (共和國, gonghwaguk, “republic”)
* 공화당 (共和黨, gonghwadang, “republican party”)
* 공화주의 (共和主義, gonghwajuui, “republicanism”)
* 중화인민공화국 (中華人民共和國, junghwainmin'gonghwaguk)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

和: Hán Việt readings: hòa/hoà, hồ
和: Nôm readings: họa/hoạ, huề, hùa
* chữ Hán form of hoà (“peace, harmony”).
* chữ Hán form of hoà; hoạ; hùa (“to mix or dissolve in water; to harmonize; to follow suit”).
* chữ Hán form of hoà, huề (“to draw, to tie, to make peace”).

#### References

* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).