# protest
## English
### Etymology

* PIE word
* *tréyes
From the Middle English verb protesten, from Old French protester, from Latin prōtestārī, from prō + testor, from testis (“witness”).

### Pronunciation
#### Noun and verb

* (UK) IPA: /ˈpɹəʊ.tɛst/
* (US) enPR: prōʹtĕst, IPA: /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Hyphenation: pro‧test

#### Verb

* enPR: prə.tĕstʹ, IPA: /pɹəˈtɛst/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛst
* Hyphenation: pro‧test

#### Note

    The verb is stressed on the first syllable when referring to a physical march and stressed on the second syllable when in reference to a spoken outburst.

### Verb

protest (third-person singular simple present protests, present participle protesting, simple past and past participle protested)
* (intransitive) To make a strong objection.
    How dare you, I protest!
    The public took to the streets to protest over the planned change to the law.
** 1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC:As a political system democracy seems to me extraordinarily foolish, but I would not go out of my way to protest against it. My servant is, so far as I am concerned, welcome to as many votes as he can get. I would very gladly make mine over to him if I could.
** 2009, Cuba:U.S. and European protested against Spanish conduct in Cuba.
** 2023 December 27, David Turner, “Silent lines...”, in RAIL, number 999, page 29:On November 29 1952, a special train ran from Sunderland to Leeds for Christmas shoppers and those attending a Leeds vs. Brentford match. It caused controversy, with Sunderland traders protesting that their shops were just as good as those in Leeds.
* (transitive) To affirm (something).
    I protest my innocence.
    I do protest and declare …
** 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:I will protest your cowardice.
** 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:Our youth, now, emboldened with his success, resolved to push the matter farther, and ventured even to beg her recommendation of him to her father's service; protesting that he thought him one of the honestest fellows in the country, and extremely well qualified for the place of a gamekeeper, which luckily then happened to be vacant.
** 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “Ch.8”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:She flashed a smile at me, and, protesting an engagement with her dentist, jauntily walked on.
* (transitive, chiefly Canada, US) To object to; to protest against.
    They protested the demolition of the school.
* To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:Fiercely [they] opposed / My journey strange, with clamorous uproar / Protesting fate supreme.
* (law, transitive) to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by non-acceptance or non-payment of (a bill or note). This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix.
* (obsolete, transitive) To publish; to make known.

#### Translations
### Noun

protest (countable and uncountable, plural protests)
* A formal objection, especially one by a group.
    They lodged a protest with the authorities.
* A collective gesture of disapproval; a demonstration.
    We held a protest in front of City Hall.
** 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist‎, volume 408, number 8848:All this has led to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism.
** 2020 July 13, Austin Ramzy, Elaine Yu, Tiffany May, “Hong Kong Voters Defy Beijing, Endorsing Protest Leaders in Primary”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-07-14‎:Sage Ip, a 29-year-old flight attendant who cast her ballot on Sunday in the Sai Ying Pun district, said she voted in the primary because she was worried that she would never get a chance to do so again. “Voting is something that is still within our capacity. We can’t express ourselves at protests anymore.”
* The noting by a notary public of an unpaid or unaccepted bill.
* A written declaration, usually by the master of a ship, stating the circumstances attending loss or damage of ship or cargo, etc.

#### Synonyms

* dissent
* objection
* protestation

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Derived terms

* dirty protest
* methinks the lady doth protest too much
* methinks thou dost protest too much
* Protestant
* protestation
* protester
* protest march
* protest song
* protest too much
* protest vote
* the lady doth protest too much
* under protest

### Anagrams

* Potters, potters, spotter, strepto, strepto-

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin prōtestor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈprotɛst]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

protest m inan
* protest
    vyvolat protest. ― to elicit protest.

#### Related terms

* protestant
* protestantismus
* protestantský
* protestantství
* protestní
* protestovat

### Further reading

* “protest”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “protest”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French [Term?], from Old French [Term?], from Latin protestō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /proːˈtɛst/
* Hyphenation: pro‧test
* Rhymes: -ɛst

### Noun

protest n (plural protesten, diminutive protestje n)
* protest (occasion to express dissatisfaction)
* protest (expression of disagreement)

#### Hyponyms

* betoging
* demonstratie

#### Derived terms

* massaprotest
* protestactie
* protestbeweging
* protestbord
* protestdag
* protestlied
* protestmars
* protestpartij
* protestschrift
* proteststem
* proteststemmer
* protestzanger
* studentenprotest
* volksprotest

#### Related terms

* protestant
* protesteren

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: protes
* → Indonesian: protes
* → Caribbean Javanese: protès

## Estonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /protˈesʲt/
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

protest (genitive protesti, partitive protesti)
* protest

#### Related terms

* protesteerima
* protestima

### Further reading

* “protest”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “protest”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
* protest in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## Indonesian
### Noun

protest (plural protest-protest)
* Misspelling of protes.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin protestari, as for protestere.

### Noun

protest m (definite singular protesten, indefinite plural protester, definite plural protestene)
* a protest

#### Derived terms

* protestmarsj

#### Related terms

* protestere

### References

* “protest” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin protestari.

### Noun

protest m (definite singular protesten, indefinite plural protestar, definite plural protestane)
* a protest

#### Derived terms

* protestmarsj

### References

* “protest” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Protest, from Italian protesto, from Latin prōtestārī, from prō + testor, from testis (“witness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈprɔ.tɛst/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔtɛst
* Syllabification: pro‧test

### Noun

protest m inan
* (law) protest (formal objection)
* (government, politics) protest (demonstration)
    Synonym: demonstracja

#### Related terms

* protestant
* protestantka
* protestować
* zaprotestować

### Further reading

* protest in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* protest in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Back-formation from protesta

### Noun

protest n (plural proteste)
* protest

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From German Protest.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /prǒtest/
* Hyphenation: pro‧test

### Noun

pròtest m (Cyrillic spelling про̀тест)
* protest
    Synonym: pròsvjed

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

protest c
* protest

#### Derived terms

* gatuprotest
* massprotest
* protestaktion
* protestbrev
* protestdemonstration
* protestgrupp
* protestledare
* protestlista
* protestmarsch
* protestmöte
* protestnot
* protestrop
* proteströrelse
* proteströst
* proteströsta
* proteströstning
* protestskri
* protestskrivelse
* proteststorm
* protestsång
* protestsångare
* protesttåg
* protestvåg
* protestyttring
* studentprotest

#### Related terms

* protestera
* protestant

### Anagrams

* torpets

## Welsh
### Etymology

From English protest.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈprɔtɛsd/, [ˈpr̥ʰɔtʰɛst]

### Noun

protest f (plural protestiadau or protestadau)
* protest, demonstration (collective gesture of disapproval)
    Synonym: gwrthdystiad
** 2020 November 11, BBC Cymru Fyw‎:Mae dwsinau o ddynion sydd wedi cael eu cartrefi mewn gwersyll ym Mhenalun, Sir Benfro wedi cynnal protest dros eu hamodau byw. Cynhaliodd y dynion brotest yn hawlio bod eu hawliau dynol yn cael eu hanwybyddu.Dozens of men who have been housed in a camp in Penally, Pembrokeshire have held a protest over their living conditions. The men held a protest claiming that their human rights were being ignored.

#### Derived terms

* protestio (“to protest”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “protest”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies