# pack
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pæk/, [pʰæk]
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -æk

### Etymology 1

From Middle English pak, pakke, from Old English *pæcca and/or Middle Dutch pak, packe; both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *pakkō, from Proto-Germanic *pakkô (“bundle, pack”). Cognate with Dutch pak (“pack”), Low German Pack (“pack”), German Pack (“pack”), Swedish packe (“pack”), Icelandic pakka, pakki (“package”).

#### Noun

pack (plural packs)
* A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to be carried on the back, but also a load for an animal, a bale.
    The horses carried the packs across the plain.
** 1854, Henry David Thoreau, Slavery in Massachusetts:We do not ask him to make up his mind, but to make up his pack.
* A number or quantity equal to the contents of a pack
* A multitude.
    a pack of lies
    a pack of complaints
* A number or quantity of connected or similar things; a collective.
* A full set of playing cards
    We were going to play cards, but nobody brought a pack.
* The assortment of playing cards used in a particular game.
    cut the pack
* A group of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept together.
** 2005, John D. Skinner, Christian T. Chimimba, The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion:African wild dogs hunt by sight, although stragglers use their noses to follow the pack.
* A wolfpack: a number of wolves, hunting together.
** 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 117:If I hurried down to the river, he said, I should be sure to fall in with a pack of wolves, for just as he was driving up the hill close to the sound, they started up the river on the ice.
* A flock of knots.
** 1988, Michael Cady, Rob Hume, editors, The Complete Book of British Birds, page 154:They form extremely tight flocks, which carpet the ground, giving rise to the descriptive name of "a pack" of knots.
* A group of people associated or leagued in a bad design or practice; a gang.
    a pack of thieves
** 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 240:"She will try, for she does not know that it is you who dropped the tallow on the shirt; but that can only be done by Christian folks, and not by a pack of trolls like we have in this place; and so I will say that I will not have anybody else for a bride except the one who can wash the shirt clean, and I know you can do that."
** 1976, Freda Adler, Herbert Marcus Adler, Sisters in Crime: The Rise of the New Female Criminal, page 100:In London there are some thirty gangs of “bovver birds,” violence-prone girls who roam the streets in packs attacking almost any vulnerable object for no apparent reason other than the sheer thrill of it.
* A group of Cub Scouts.
* A shook of cask staves.
* A bundle of sheet iron plates for rolling simultaneously.
* A large area of floating pieces of ice driven together more or less closely.
    The ship had to sail round the pack of ice.
* (medicine) An envelope, or wrapping, of sheets used in hydropathic practice, called dry pack, wet pack, cold pack, etc., according to the method of treatment.
* (slang) A loose, lewd, or worthless person. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
* (snooker, pool) A tight group of object balls in cue sports. Usually the reds in snooker.
* (rugby) The forwards in a rugby team (eight in Rugby Union, six in Rugby League) who with the opposing pack constitute the scrum.
    The captain had to take a man out of the pack to replace the injured fullback.
** 2019 November 3, Liam de Carme, “Boks, you beauties”, in Sunday Times‎:If the pack wasn't pummelling England, Handre Pollard kept delivering telling blows.
* (roller derby) The largest group of blockers from both teams skating in close proximity.
* (slang) A package of cigarettes.
    “Carlo, I told you that three packs a day would kill you long before I was gone.”

##### Synonyms

* (full set of cards): deck

##### Derived terms

* ahead of the pack
* backpack
* battery pack
* blister pack
* bobbery pack
* booster pack
* bowl pack
* brick pack
* bubble pack
* buddy pack
* case pack
* cold pack
* daypack
* day pack
* disk pack
* Duluth pack
* dye pack
* eight pack
* eight-pack
* expansion pack
* face pack
* fanny pack
* flash pack
* flat pack
* forepack
* froth pack
* fun pack
* halal snack pack
* haul-pack truck
* hip pack
* ice pack
* jam-pack
* jet pack, jetpack, jet-pack
* joker in the pack
* mod pack
* naughty-pack
* pack animal
* pack-away
* pack horse
* pack horse, packhorse, pack-horse
* pack hound
* pack ice
* pack-in
* pack journalism
* pack journalist
* pack lunch
* pack mentality
* pack of cards
* pack of lies
* pack-rat
* pack rat
* pack-shepherd
* pack train
* pack-train
* pack train
* pack-up
* pack-up kit
* pack year
* pack-year
* photo pack
* piddle pack
* power pack
* press pack
* RAM pack
* ram-pack
* rat pack
* rocket pack
* rocket-pack
* scene pack
* service pack
* six pack
* six-pack
* six-pack bezique
* six-pack of rolls
* starter pack
* stim pack
* vac pack
* vacuum pack
* wolf pack
* wolf-pack
* X-pack

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English pakken, from the noun (see above). Compare Middle Dutch packen (“to pack”), Middle Low German packen (“to pack”).

#### Verb

pack (third-person singular simple present packs, present participle packing, simple past and past participle packed)
* (physical) To put or bring things together in a limited or confined space, especially for storage or transport.
** (transitive) To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack
    to pack goods in a box;  to pack fish
*** 1712, Joseph Addison, The Spectator, number 275:strange materials wound up in that shape and texture, and packed together with wonderful art in the several cavities of the skull
*** c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:Where, for these many hundred years, the bones Of all my buried ancestors are packed
** (transitive) To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into.
    to pack a trunk;  the play, or the audience, packs the theater
*** 1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.
*** 2007 November 23, Claudia La Rocco, “Ballet and African Steps, Delivered at Warp Speed”, in The New York Times‎:The mix of ballet vocabulary, modern techniques and African steps is familiar, but the extent to which Mr. Rhoden packs — and overpacks — phrases, cultivates warp-speed delivery and hyperextends every possible hip jut and arabesque is, thank goodness, something special to Complexions.
** (transitive) To wrap in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings.
    The doctor gave Kelly some sulfa pills and packed his arm in hot-water bags.
** (transitive) To make impervious, such as by filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without allowing air, water, or steam inside.
    to pack a joint;  to pack the piston of a steam engine;  pack someone's arm with ice.
** (intransitive) To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for transportation.
** (intransitive) To form a compact mass, especially in order for transportation.
    the goods pack conveniently;  wet snow packs well
** (intransitive, of animals) To gather together in flocks, herds, schools or similar groups of animals.
    the grouse or the perch begin to pack
** (transitive, historical) To combine (telegraph messages) in order to send them more cheaply as a single transmission.
* (social) To cheat.
** (transitive, card games) To sort and arrange (the cards) in the pack to give oneself an unfair advantage
*** 1733, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Man. […], (please specify |epistle=I to IV), London: Printed for J[ohn] Wilford, […], →OCLC:Mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.
** (transitive) To bring together or make up unfairly, in order to secure a certain result.
    to pack a jury
*** 1687, Francis Atterbury, An answer to some considerations on the spirit of Martin Luther and the original of the Reformation:The expected council was dwindling into […] a packed assembly of Italian bishops.
** (transitive) To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot.
*** 1655, Thomas Fuller, “He lost life […] upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed by his enemies.”, in The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):
** (intransitive) To put together for morally wrong purposes; to join in cahoots.
*** 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:This naughty man / Shall face to face be brought to Margaret, / Who, I believe, was pack'd in all this wrong, / Hired to it by your brother.
* (transitive) To load with a pack
    to pack a horse
* (transitive, figurative) to load; to encumber.
** c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey
* To move, send or carry.
** (transitive) To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; especially, to send away peremptorily or suddenly; – sometimes with off. See pack off.
    to pack a boy off to school
*** c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven.
** (transitive, US, chiefly Western US) To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (on the backs of men or animals).
** (intransitive) To depart in haste; – generally with off or away.
*** 1723, Jonathan Swift, Stella at Wood-Park:Poor Stella must pack off to town.
*** 1842, Alfred Tennyson, Dora:You shall pack, / And never more darken my doors again.
** (transitive, slang) To carry weapons, especially firearms, on one's person.
    packing heat
** (intransitive, LGBTQ, especially of a trans man or drag king) To wear an object, such as a prosthetic penis, inside one’s trousers to appear more male or masculine.
*** 1995, Robin Sweeney, “Too Butch to Be Bi (or You Can't Judge a Boy by Her Lover)”, in Naomi Tucker, Liz Highleyman, Rebecca Kaplan, editors, Bisexual Politics: Theories, Queries, and Visions‎, Binghamton: The Haworth Press, →ISBN, page 181:I am a butch bisexual woman […] Frequently I like to appear as masculine as I can, often passing for male on the street. […] Sometimes I pack when I go out, putting my dildo in my pants and wearing my dick out of the house.
* (transitive, sports, slang) To block a shot, especially in basketball.
* (intransitive, rugby, of the forwards in a rugby team) To play together cohesively, specially with reference to their technique in the scrum.

##### Synonyms

* (To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game unfairly): stack

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “make into a pack”): unpack

##### Derived terms

* pack a lunch
* pack and play
* pack a punch
* pack a sad
* pack a wallop
* pack away
* packer
* pack fudge
* pack heat
* pack in
* pack off
* pack on
* pack one's bags
* pack on pounds
* pack on the pounds
* pack out
* pack shit
* pack up
* pamper pack
* pick and pack
* stack-and-pack
* vacuum pack

##### Translations
## Chinese
### Etymology

From English pack.

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): pek$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pek$^1$
*** Yale: pēk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pek$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pég$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɛːk̚⁵/

### Classifier

pack
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) Classifier for packs (bundles) of objects.

### Verb

pack
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) to pack up

### References

* Bauer, Robert S. (2021) ABC Cantonese-English Comprehensive Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 788

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English pack.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pak/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

pack m (plural packs)
* pack (item of packaging)
* pack ice
* (sports) a rugby team

### Further reading

* “pack”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Middle English
### Noun

pack
* Alternative form of pak

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English pack.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɛk(i)/

### Noun

pack m (invariable)
* (colloquial, euphemistic) sexual photos and videos sold over the internet
    A garota começou a vender packs para pagar as despesas.The girl started selling packs to pay her expenses.

## Scots
### Adjective

pack
* intimate; confidential

#### Derived terms

* packness

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English pack.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpak/ [ˈpak]
* Rhymes: -ak

### Noun

pack m (plural packs)
* pack, package
* kit, set, bundle
* (colloquial, euphemistic) sexual photos and videos, paid or not, sent over internet, network social; sexting photos

### Further reading

* Manuel Seco, Olimpia Andrés, Gabino Ramos (2023 August 3) “pack”, in Diccionario del español actual [Dictionary of Current Spanish] (in Spanish), third digital edition, Fundación BBVA [BBVA Foundation]

## Swedish
### Noun

pack n
* (derogatory) socially despised people; scum, trash, (when related to low social class) dregs, riffraff, etc.
    fotbollshuliganer och annat packfootball hooligans and other scum
* stuff, things, luggage; only used in pick och pack

#### Descendants

* → Finnish: pakka

#### See also

* avskum
* bottenskrap
* drägg
* kräk
* packa
* paket
* pöbel
* slödder

### References

* pack in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* pack in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* pack in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)