# hail
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: hāl, IPA: /heɪl/, [heɪ̯ɫ]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪl
* Homophone: hale

### Etymology 1

From Middle English hayle, haile, hail, hawel, haghil, haȝel, from Old English hæġl, hæġel, hagol (“hail”), from Proto-West Germanic *hagl, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz, of uncertain origin. Either from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”); or alternatively from *ḱoḱló-, a reduplication of *ḱel- (“cold”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Hail (“hail”), West Frisian heil (“hail”), Dutch hagel (“hail”), Low German Hagel (“hail”), German Hagel (“hail”), Danish hagl (“hail”), Swedish hagel (“hail”), Icelandic hagl (“hail”). Compare also Old Norse héla (“frost”). Doublet of haglaz, if the second etymology (“cold”) is correct.
Root-cognates outside of Germanic include Ancient Greek κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble”), or alternatively Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold”), possibly also Lithuanian šešėlis (“shade, shadow”), depending on the etymology.

#### Noun

hail (countable and uncountable, plural hails)
* (meteorology, uncountable) Balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm.
* (meteorology, countable) An occurrence of this type of precipitation; a hailstorm.
* (countable, by extension) A rapid, intense barrage by a large number of projectiles or other objects.
** 2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 40:01 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?‎, archived from the original on 3 November 2022:Their lack of good intelligence also meant that they vastly overestimated the size of their foes for far too long, hails of armor-piercing shells doing comparatively little damage compared to the high explosive that they should have been using.

##### Derived terms

* hail shaft (hailshaft)
* hailshot
* hailstone
* hail storm (hailstorm)
* rail hail

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English haylen, haulien, hawelien, from Old English hagolian, hagalian (“to hail”), from Proto-West Germanic *haglōn, from Proto-Germanic *haglōną (“to hail”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Saterland Frisian hailje (“to hail”), West Frisian heilje (“to hail”), Dutch hagelen (“to hail”), German Low German hageln (“to hail”), German hageln (“to hail”), Danish hagle (“to hail”), Swedish hagla (“to hail”), Norwegian Nynorsk hagle, hagla (“to hail”), Faroese hegla (“to hail”), Icelandic hagla (“to hail”).

#### Verb

hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailing, simple past and past participle hailed)
* (impersonal) To have hailstones fall from the sky.
    They say it's going to hail tomorrow.
* (intransitive) To send or release hail.
    The cloud would hail down furiously within a few minutes.
* To pour down in rapid succession.

##### Derived terms

* hail down

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Middle English heil (“healthy, sound”), from Old Norse heill, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, entire, healthy”). The verb is from Middle English heilen, itself from the adjective. Doublet of whole, hale, and heil.

#### Adjective

hail (comparative hailer, superlative hailest)
* (obsolete) Healthy, whole, safe.

#### Verb

hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailing, simple past and past participle hailed)
* (transitive) To greet; give salutation to; salute.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 249–252:[…] Farewel happy Fields / Where Joy for ever dwells: Hail horrours, hail / Infernal world, and thou profoundeſt Hell / Receive they new Poſſeſſor: […]
* (transitive) To name; to designate; to call.
** 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 28:Such a Son as all men hail'd me happy;
    He was hailed as a hero.
* (transitive) To call out loudly in order to gain the attention of.
    Hail a taxi.
** 1995, Alanis Morissette (lyrics and music), “Hand In My Pocket”, in Jagged Little Pill:'Cause I've got one hand in my pocket / And the other one is hailin' a taxi cab
** (transitive, by extension, UK, Australia) To indicate, from a designated stop or otherwise, to the driver of a public transport vehicle that one wishes to board and travel on the vehicle, usually using hand signals such as waving.
    In Melbourne, you would usually have to hail a tram when you are travelling late at night and there are no other passengers waiting at your stop.
* (transitive) To signal in order to initiate communication with.
* (transitive) In the game of uppies and downies, to throw (the ball) repeatedly up and down at the goal location, in order to score a point.
* (from) to originate (from), be native (to) or be based (in)

##### Derived terms

* drink hail
* e-hail
* hail and ride
* hailer
* hail-fellow
* hail from

##### Related terms

* wassail

##### Translations
#### Interjection

hail
* (archaic or poetic) An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting.
** c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:Hail, brave friend.

##### Derived terms

* all hail
* Hail Mary

##### Translations

Aleut: aang
Arabic: السلام عليك (singular), السلام عليكم (ar) (plural)
Aramaic:
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܠܵܡܵܐ (šlāmā)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 萬歲 / 万岁 (maan$^6$ seoi$^3$)
Mandarin: 萬歲 / 万岁 (zh) (wànsuì)
Coptic: ⲭⲉⲣⲉ (khere), ⲭⲁⲓⲣⲉ (khaire)
Dutch: saluut (nl), gegroet (nl)
Egyptian: (j.nḏ ḥr)
Galician: saúde (gl)
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails)
Greek:
Ancient: χαῖρε sg (khaîre), χαίρετε pl (khaírete)
Hindi: जय (hi) (jay)
Hungarian: (archaic) üdvöz légy!, üdv (hu) (neked/néked (hu))
Irish: is é do bheatha, go mbeannaítear duit
Italian: ave (it)
Japanese: 万歳 (ja) (banzai)
Khmer: ជយោ (km) (cĕəʼyoo)
Latin: ave (la) sg, avete pl, salve (la)
Manx: dy bannee dhyt
Norwegian:
Nynorsk: heil
Old Norse: heill
Portuguese: ave (pt)
Sanskrit: जय (sa) (jaya)
Scottish Gaelic: fàilte
Sicilian: s'abbinidica, voscenza s'abbinidica, salutamu
Spanish: ave (es)
Swedish: hell (sv)
Tagalog: mabuhay (tl), aba (tl)
Vandalic: eils
Vietnamese: hoan hô (vi), hoan nghênh (vi), chào (vi) (literally) :

### Anagrams

* Hlai, hila

## Estonian
### Noun

hail
* adessive singular of hai

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /halʲ/

### Noun

hail
* h-prothesized form of ail

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

hail (uncountable)
* Alternative form of hayle (“hail”)

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

hail
* Alternative form of heil (“healthy, sound”)

#### Noun

hail (uncountable)
* Alternative form of heil (“health, welfare”)

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* Hail (Sylt)

### Etymology

From Old Frisian heil, from Proto-West Germanic *hagl, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz.

### Pronunciation

* (Föhr-Amrum) IPA: [haːɪ̯l], [hɔɪ̯l]

### Noun

hail m
* (Föhr-Amrum) hail

## Scots
### Etymology 1

From Old English hāl (“healthy, safe”), from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, safe, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos (“healthy, whole”).

#### Alternative forms

* hale

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hel]
* (South Scots) IPA: [hjɛl]

#### Adjective

hail (comparative hailer, superlative hailest)
* whole
* free or recovered from disease, healthy, wholesome
* free from injury, safe, sound, unhurt (of people, parts of the body, etc.)
* whole, entire, complete, sound, unbroken, undamaged (of material objects and of time, numbers etc.)

##### Derived terms

* hail an fere (“in perfect health or condition, strong, unbroken”)
* hail hypothec (“whole of something, the whole concern”)
* hail watter (“downpour”)
* hail Yuil (“the old Christmas season from December 25th to the twelfth night”)
* hail-an-hauden (“absolutely whole”)
* hail-heidit (“unhurt; whole, entire, complete”)
* hail-hertit (“undaunted, stalwart”)
* hail-skint (“having an undamaged skin”)
* hailins (“wholly, completely, extremely”)
* hailly (“wholly, completely”)
* hailscart (“without a scratch, scot-free”)
* hailsome (“wholesome”)
* meat-hail (“having a healthy, unimpaired appetite”)
* the hail closhach (“the whole quantity or number”)
* the hail jing-bang (“the whole caboodle”)
* the hail tot (“the sum total, the whole lot”)
* unhailsome (“unwholesome”)

#### Noun

hail (plural hails)
* the whole, the whole amount or number

#### Verb

hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailin, simple past hailt, past participle hailt)
* to heal, cure

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hel]

#### Verb

hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailin, simple past hailt, past participle hailt)
* (sports) to drive the ball through the goal, etc.

##### Derived terms

* ower hail (“to overtake”)

#### Noun

hail (plural hails)
* (sports) goal, the shout when a goal is scored, the goal area

### Etymology 3

From Old English hæġl, hæġel, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz, either from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”), or from *ḱoḱló-, a reduplication of *ḱel- (“cold”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hel]

#### Noun

hail (uncountable)
* (weather) hail, hailstones
* small shot, pellets

##### Derived terms

* hailie-pickle (“hailstone”)
* hailstane (“hailstone”)

## Turkish
### Alternative forms

* hâil

### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish حائل (hail), from Arabic حَائِل (ḥāʔil). An Ottoman Turkish homophone from Arabic هَائِل (hāʔil) did not survive to modern Turkish.

### Noun

hail (definite accusative haili, plural hailler) (obsolete)
* obstacle
    Synonym: engel

### References

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ha'il¹”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 2, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1838
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “hâil”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 373
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hai̯l/
* Rhymes: -ai̯l

### Adjective

hail
* h-prothesized form of ail (“second”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.