OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# მოდალურობა
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [modaɫuɾoba]
* Hyphenation: მო‧და‧ლუ‧რო‧ბა

### Noun

მოდალურობა • (modaluroba) (plural მოდალურობები)
* modality

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# მოდალურობა
## Georgian
### Etymology

From მოდალური (modaluri) +‎ -ობა (-oba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [modaɫuɾoba]
* Hyphenation: მო‧და‧ლუ‧რო‧ბა

### Noun

მოდალურობა • (modaluroba) (plural მოდალურობები)
* modality

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# jour de paie
## French
### Alternative forms

* jour de paye

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒuʁ də pɛ/

### Noun

jour de paie m (plural jours de paie)
* payday
# pojmie
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɔj.mjɛ/
* Rhymes: -ɔjmjɛ
* Syllabification: poj‧mie

### Verb

pojmie
* third-person singular future of pojąć
# 猪溷
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 猪溷 – see 豬溷 (“pigsty”). (This term is the simplified form of 豬溷).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# барвенкавы
## Belarusian
### Etymology

From барве́нак (barvjénak) +‎ -авы (-avy). Compare Ukrainian барві́нковий (barvínkovyj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [barˈvʲenkavɨ]
* Rhymes: -enkavɨ
* Hyphenation: ба‧рве‧нка‧вы, бар‧ве‧нка‧вы, ба‧рвен‧ка‧вы, бар‧вен‧ка‧вы

### Adjective

барве́нкавы • (barvjénkavy) (no comparative)
* (relational, botany) periwinkle (related to periwinkle, made of periwinkle, etc.)
** 1981, Іван Навуменка, “Па грыбы”, in Збор твораў. У 6-ці т. Т. 1. Аповесці і апавяданні, Minsk: Мастацкая літаратура:Коля збочвае з чыгункі не адразу — мінаем барвенкавы бор, куды рабілі сумесныя паходы, праходзім каменную, складзеную з гладкай чырвонай цэглы будку (адна такая ёсць і за вярсту ад мястэчка) і нарэшце трапляем у змешаны, нагрэты сонцам лес — старыя меднастволыя хвоі суседнічаюць тут з раскідзістымі бярозамі.Kólja zbóčvaje z čyhunki nje adrazu — minajem barvjenkavy bor, kudy rabili sumjesnyja paxódy, praxódzim kamjennuju, skladzjenuju z hladkaj čyrvónaj cehly budku (adna takaja joscʹ i za vjarstu ad mjastečka) i narešcje trapljajem u zmješany, nahrety sóncam ljes — staryja mjednastvólyja xvói susjedničajucʹ tut z raskidzistymi bjarózami.Kola doesn't sheer away from the railroad right away; we leave behind a pinewood overgrown with periwinkle, into which we used to take walks, we pass a stone-like hut constructed of smooth red bicks (there is one more hut like this near the town) and finally get into a mixed woodland, warmed up by the sun; old copper-trunked pines grow side by side with sprawling birches here.
** 2019 December 14, Аксама Сямёнава, “Юраўскі карагод у спісе ЮНЕСКА”, in Гомельская праўда‎, number 145 (24030), page 7:Падчас абраду дзяўчыны ўпрыгожваюцца барвенкавымі вянкамі.Padčas abradu dzjaŭčyny ŭpryhóžvajucca barvjenkavymi vjankami.During the ceremony, girls adorn themselves with periwinkle wreaths.
** 2010 May 29, urshulja, Юр'я. Дзень другі‎, LiveJournal:Там жа нясуць абраз, зорку, дзве дзяўчынкі ў барвенкавых вяночках панясуць рушнік-"вароты", а на граблях, высока ўзняты, зялёны фартушок.Tam ža njasucʹ abraz, zórku, dzvje dzjaŭčynki ŭ barvjenkavyx vjanóčkax panjasucʹ rušnik-"varóty", a na hrabljax, vysóka ŭznjaty, zjaljóny fartušók.It's also where an icon and a star are carried; two girls in periwinkle wreath will carry the “gate” embroided cloths, and high on a rake there will be green apron.

#### Declension
### References

* “барвенкавы”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “барвенкавы” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
* "барвенкавы" in Belarusian-Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at Verbum
# iebrūnam
## Latvian
### Adjective

iebrūnam
* dative masculine singular of iebrūns
# whists
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

whists
* plural of whist

### Verb

whists
* third-person singular simple present indicative of whist
# Ogod
## English
### Proper noun

Ogod
* A barangay of Donsol, Sorsogon, Philippines.
# Dancalan
## English
### Proper noun

Dancalan
* A barangay of Donsol, Sorsogon, Philippines.
# hyperphantasic
## English
### Alternative forms

* hyperphantasiac

### Adjective

hyperphantasic (comparative more hyperphantasic, superlative most hyperphantasic)
* Exhibiting or relating to hyperphantasia.

### Noun

hyperphantasic (plural hyperphantasics)
* A person who has hyperphantasia.
# cracker meal
## English
### Alternative forms

* crackermeal

### Noun

cracker meal (uncountable)
* Crackers ground into a meal.
    Coordinate term: breadcrumbs
# Petico
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpe.ti.koː/, [ˈpɛt̪ɪkoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpe.ti.ko/, [ˈpɛːt̪iko]

### Proper noun

Peticō
* dative/ablative singular of Peticus
# Mullerian duct
## English
### Noun

Mullerian duct (plural Mullerian ducts)
* Alternative form of Müllerian duct
# mullerian duct
## English
### Noun

mullerian duct (plural mullerian ducts)
* Alternative form of Müllerian duct
# HTTP cookie
## English
### Etymology

From HTTP + magic cookie.

### Noun

HTTP cookie (plural HTTP cookies)
* (Internet) A packet of information sent by a server to a World Wide Web browser and then returned by the browser each time it accesses that server, used to maintain state between otherwise stateless HTTP transactions, for example, to identify the user.
    Synonym: cookie (ellipsis; the usual term)
    Hypernym: magic cookie

#### See also

* breadcrumb (element that helps to track things digitally)
# Praetextati
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /prae̯.tekˈstaː.tiː/, [präe̯t̪ɛkˈs̠t̪äːt̪iː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /pre.tekˈsta.ti/, [pret̪ekˈst̪äːt̪i]

### Proper noun

Praetextātī
* genitive singular of Praetextātus
# mouth cavities
## English
### Noun

mouth cavities
* plural of mouth cavity
# Pollionis
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /poːl.liˈoː.nis/, [poːlːʲiˈoːnɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /pol.liˈo.nis/, [polːiˈɔːnis]

### Proper noun

Pōlliōnis
* genitive singular of Pōlliō
# মত প্রকাশের স্বাধীনতা
## Bengali
### Etymology

The concept and the term are ancient; Athens’ democratic ideology of free speech (παρρησία (parrhēsía)) is thought to have emerged in the 5th or 6th century B.C.E. The first occurrence of the phrase freedom of speech recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary dates to 1567.

### Pronunciation

* (Rarh) IPA: /mɔt̪‿pɾokaʃeɾ‿ʃːad̪ʱinɔt̪a/, [ˈmɔt̪pɾokaʃeɾʃːad̪ʱinɔt̪aˑ]
* (Dhaka) IPA: /mɔt̪‿pɹokaʃeɹ‿ʃːad̪ʱinɔt̪a/, [ˈmɔt̪pɹokaʃeɹʃːad̪ʱinɔt̪aˑ]

### Noun

মত প্রকাশের স্বাধীনতা • (mot prokaśer śśadhinota)
* The right of citizens to speak, or otherwise communicate, without fear of harm or prosecution.
# puts the make on
## English
### Verb

puts the make on
* third-person singular simple present indicative of put the make on
# Little Monster
## English
### Alternative forms

* little monster

### Etymology

Coined by Lady Gaga in 2009, in reference to her use of monsters in her lyrics as a metaphor for her fears, as in the song “Monster”.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

Little Monster (plural Little Monsters)
* (fandom slang) A fan of American singer Lady Gaga.
** 2010 July 8, Kevin Amorim, “Did Gaga help spur a monster Grammy rule change?”, in Newsday:It was an odd occurrence to be sure. Ga was arguably the most popular artist of '09 and yet was a no-show in the nominations. Perhaps her Little Monsters' collective growl woke the academy up.
** 2011 March 13, Feifei Sun, “Lady Gaga Designs Wristband for Japan Earthquake Relief”, in Time:The pop star is rallying her Little Monsters to support the relief efforts in Japan with a new wristband available on her online store.
** 2011 November 3, Gerrick D. Kennedy, “Lady Gaga to premiere Thanksgiving special on ABC”, in Los Angeles Times:Lady Gaga doesn’t look like the type to sit down over turkey and all the trimmings, but the singer couldn't resist treating her Little Monsters to her first holiday special.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Little Monster.

### See also

* Mother Monster
# قاجوج
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* قَجِّيج (qajjīj), قجاج

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qaː.d͡ʒuːd͡ʒ/

### Noun

قَاجُوج • (qājūj) m (Tunisia, Libya, Sicily)
* black seabream (Spondyliosoma cantharus)

#### Declension
### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قاجوج”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 295a
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne, Goeje, Michael Jan (1866) Description de l'Afrique et de l'Espagne par Edrîsî‎ (in French), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 361
* Freytag, Georg (1835) “قجاج”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 400b
* علي أبو قلام (2016) دليل الحلال من الحيوان‎ (in Arabic), Ba؜ḡdād: Najma aṣ-Ṣabāḥ, page 76, idem * علي أبو قلام (2016) دليل الحلال من الحيوان‎ (in Arabic), Ba؜ḡdād: Najma aṣ-Ṣabāḥ, page 348
# clavier
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French clavier (“keyboard”), from Latin clavis (“key”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈklævɪɚ/, /kləˈvɪɚ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ævɪə(ɹ), -ɪə(ɹ)

### Noun

clavier (plural claviers)
* (music) The keyboard of an organ, pianoforte, or harmonium.
** 1870, A Description of the Grand Organ in the Town Hall, Leeds:[…] play certain of the stops in octaves to each other, while merely touching single notes on the clavier

#### Derived terms

* clavierist
* clavieristic

#### Related terms

* clavichord
* clavicle
* clavis
* nom de clavier

### References

“clavier”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* caliver, caviler, valeric, velaric

## French
### Etymology

Formed from the root of Latin clāvis (whence French clef), with the suffix -ier. Cf. also Medieval Latin clāvārius.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kla.vje/
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Rhymes: -e
* Homophone: claviers

### Noun

clavier m (plural claviers)
* keyboard (of a computer)
* keyboard (musical instrument)
* (archaic) keyring
* (slang) mouth, teeth

#### Derived terms

* clavarder
* claviériste
* raccourci clavier

#### Descendants

* → English: clavier
* → German: Klavier, Clavier (pre-1901)
** → Czech: klavír
** → Kashubian: klawir
** → Lower Sorbian: klawěr
** → Romanian: clavir (dated, rare)
** → Serbo-Croatian: klavir
** → Slovene: klavir
** → Upper Sorbian: klawěr
* → Low German: Klaveer
* → Portuguese: cravo
* → Swedish: klaver
* → Turkish: klavye

### Further reading

* “clavier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# abstenova
## Albanian
### Verb

abstenova
* first-person singular aorist indicative of abstenoj
# quimiorradioterapia
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kimjoradjoteˈɾapja/ [ki.mjo.ra.ð̞jo.t̪eˈɾa.pja]
* Rhymes: -apja
* Syllabification: qui‧mio‧rra‧dio‧te‧ra‧pia

### Noun

quimiorradioterapia f (uncountable)
* chemoradiotherapy
# Delashmutt
## English
### Etymology

Americanization of French de la Chaumette.

### Proper noun

Delashmutt
* A surname from French.
# transsex
## English
### Etymology

From trans- +‎ sex.

### Verb

transsex (third-person singular simple present transsexes, present participle transsexing, simple past and past participle transsexed)
* (intransitive) To transition (to undergo a transition) from being one sex/gender to being another (especially by sex reassignment surgery). (Compare transgender.)
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:transsex.
** 2007, Catherine Harper, Intersex, →ISBN, page 11:Many intersexuals, however, are surgically assigned as male or female, and for some that assignment causes such disharmony between body and psyche that the subject then transsexes in adulthood.
* (transitive) To transgender; to (cause something to) change from being sexed/gendered in one way to being sexed/gendered in another way.
** 2009, Andrea Bloomgarden, Rosemary B. Mennuti, Psychotherapist Revealed, →ISBN, page 184:There is a common misconception that gay men, for instance, are naturally effeminate and may someday wish to transsex their bodies.
** 2009, Bodies and Boundaries in Graeco-Roman Antiquity, →ISBN, page 136:Isis transsexes Iphis, female to male (Met. 9.668: Iphide mutata) in the nick of time (unusque dies restabat) on his/her wedding day.

### Adjective

transsex (not comparable)
* Transsexual.
** 2006, Paisley Currah, Richard M. Juang, Shannon Minter, Transgender Rights, →ISBN, page 65:New York, Ohio, and Texas ruled that transsex persons could marry only in the gender role that they had been assigned at birth.
* In Brazil it is more commonly used as a synonym for trans girl, trans woman, transfeminine or transvestite.

#### Synonyms

* transsexual (more common)

### Noun

transsex (uncountable)
* (rare) Transsexuality, transsexualism; the state of being transsexual. (Compare transgender.)
** 2007, Alison Stone, An Introduction to Feminist Philosophy, →ISBN, page 41:Before we can answer this question, we need to consider two other phenomena – transsex and transgender – which also expose the muddle within conventional categories of sex.

#### Translations
### See also

* transsexualize
* transgender
# iedarbīgajām
## Latvian
### Adjective

iedarbīgajām
* definite dative/instrumental feminine plural of iedarbīgs
# paratrooper
## English
### Etymology

Blend of parachute +‎ trooper.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpæɹətɹuːpə/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US, without the Mary–marry–merry merger) IPA: /ˈpæɹətɹupəɹ/
* (US, Mary–marry–merry merger) IPA: /ˈpɛɹətɹupəɹ/
* (Scotland) IPA: /ˈpaɹətɹʉpəɹ/

### Noun

paratrooper (plural paratroopers)
* A type of soldier who is trained to enter combat zones by parachuting from aircraft.
** 1992, Yanchi (权延赤) Quan, “Mao Enjoys a Challenge”, in Wang Wenjiong, transl., edited by Gale Hadfield, 走下神坛的毛泽东 [Mao Zedong: Man, Not God]‎, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, published 1996, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 13:Upon receiving intelligence reports about the massing of enemy paratroopers, General Peng Dehuai posted a defence regiment at Yan'an airfield, and requested that Mao leave Yan'an as soon as possible.
# תמרור
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /tamˈʁuʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

תַּמְרוּר • (tamrúr) m (plural indefinite תַּמְרוּרִים, singular construct תַּמְרוּר־, plural construct תַּמְרוּרֵי־)
* road sign
** Tanach, Jeremiah 31:21, with translation of the New International Version:הַצִּיבִי לָךְ צִיֻּנִים, שִׂמִי לָךְ תַּמְרוּרִים; שִׁתִי לִבֵּךְ לַמְסִלָּה, דֶּרֶךְ הָלָכְתְּ.hatsívi lakh tsiyuním, sími lakh tamrurím; shíti libékh lam'silá, dérekh halákhtSet up road signs, put up guideposts; take note of the highway, the road that you take.

#### Declension
### References

* H8564 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Klein, Ernest (1987) “תַּמְרוּר”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎, Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 707c
* “תמרור” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Further reading

* תמרור on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$
# ბგერათა
## Georgian
### Noun

ბგერათა • (bgerata)
* ergative/dative/genitive archaic plural of ბგერა (bgera)
# видра
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vydra, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ūdrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *udréh₂, the feminine form of *udrós.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvidrɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ви́дра • (vídra) f
* (zoology) otter

#### Declension
## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vydra, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ūdrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *udréh₂, the feminine form of *udrós.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvidra]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

видра • (vidra) f (plural видри, diminutive видричка)
* otter

#### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vydra, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ūdrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *udréh₂, the feminine form of *udrós.

### Noun

ви̏дра f (Latin spelling vȉdra)
* otter

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “видра”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Old East Slavic выдра (vydra), from Proto-Slavic *vydra, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ūdrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *udréh₂, the feminine form of *udrós.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʋɪdrɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ви́дра • (výdra) f animal (genitive ви́дри, nominative plural ви́дри, genitive plural видр)
* otter

#### Declension
### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “видра”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
# pička
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɪt͡ʃka]

### Noun

pička f
* diminutive of piča

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “pička”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Diminutive form of píca; compare pízda.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pît͡ʃka/
* Hyphenation: pi‧čka
* Audio (Central Serbia):(file)

### Noun

pȉčka f (Cyrillic spelling пи̏чка)
* (vulgar) pussy (female genitalia)
    Jaje bi u pički skuhala. ― She is so fucking hot. / She has a very expressed sexuality. (literally, “You could cook an egg in her pussy.”)
    Odi u tri pičke materine! ― Go fuck yourself! (literally, “Go to three of your mother's pussies!”)
* (vulgar) cunt (an extremely unpleasant or objectionable person)
* (vulgar) pussy (a coward)
* (vulgar) hot chick (attractive woman)

#### Related terms

* pičkin

### Further reading

* “pička”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# чола
## Chechen
### Etymology

Borrowed from Turkic. See Kumyk чал (çal). Cognates include Ingush чоала (čoala, “roan”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃoːla/

### Adjective

чо̄ла • (čoola)
* gray

### References

* Matsiev, Akhmat G. (1961) Чеченско-русский словарь / Нохчийн-оьрсийн словарь [Chechen-Russian dictionary] (in Russian), Moscow: State Publishing House of Foreign and Ethnicity Dictionaries, page 481
# menyalin
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From meng- +‎ salin.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /məˈɲalin/ [məˈɲa.lɪn]
* Rhymes: -alin
* Syllabification: me‧nya‧lin

### Verb

mênyalin (basic-imperative-informal salin, active menyalin, passive disalin)
* to copy
    Synonym: menyalinkan
    Berkasnya sudah disalin di percetakan sana.The file has been copied at the printing house there.
* (obsolete) to change, swap
    Synonyms: mengganti, menukar
# හුනු
## Sinhalese
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit चूर्ण (cūrṇa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hunu]

### Noun

හුනු • (hunu)
* lime, chunam

### References

* Carter, Charles Henry (1924) “හුනු”, in A Sinhalese-English dictionary, Colombo: Ceylon Observer Printing Works, →OCLC.
# kamar bersalin
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of kamar (“room, chamber”) +‎ bersalin (“to give birth, deliver”), a partial calque of Dutch verloskamer (“delivery room”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌka.mar bərˈsa.lin/, [ˌka.mar bərˈsa.lɪn]

### Noun

kamar bêrsalin (plural kamar-kamar bersalin)
* (healthcare) Synonym of ruang bersalin (“delivery room”)
# exquisités
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛks.ki.zi.te/

### Noun

exquisités
* plural of exquisité.
# құзырет
## Kazakh
### Etymology

From Arabic قُدْرَة (qudra). Doublet of құдірет (qūdıret).

### Noun

құзырет • (qūzyret)
* competence, competency

#### Synonyms

* юрисдикция (ürisdiksiä)

#### Derived terms

* құзыретті (qūzyrettı), құзыреттілік (qūzyrettılık)
# biện chứng duy vật
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

biện chứng (“dialectic”, noun) +‎ duy vật (“materialist”, adjective), literally “materialist dialectic”.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɓiən˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ zwi˧˧ vət̚˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɓiəŋ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥ jwɪj˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˨ cɨŋ˦˥ j⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ vək̚˨˩˨] ~ [ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˨ cɨŋ˦˥ j⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]

### Noun

biện chứng duy vật
* (philosophy, chiefly Marxism, rare) dialectical materialism
** 1957, Bertrand Russell, “Introduction”, in A History of Western Philosophy, page 16; Vietnamese translation from “Chương Dẫn Nhập”, in Lê Dọn Bàn, transl., translation of original in English, 2009 November 10:Thế nên dân Nga ngày nay không nghĩ là họ phải tuân theo biện chứng duy vật hơn là theo Stalin.[original: That is why the modern Russian does not think that we ought to obey dialectical materialism rather than Stalin.]
** 2013 June 25 [1973], Thi Vũ, “Kinh Ruột Tuệ Giác Siêu Việt: Biện chứng Phá mê Trừ khổ [Sutra of the Innard of the Perfection of Transcendental Wisdom: Dialectic to Break Delusion and Expunge Suffering]”, in Thư Viện Hoa Sen:Biện chứng duy vật sử quan là chìa khóa mở hết mọi thực tại. Tuy nhiên chúng ta phải hiểu, theo biện chứng duy vật, thì thực tại chưa phải là thực tại tối hậu.Historical-dialetical materialism is to the key to unlock all realities. Still, we must understand that, according to dialectical materialism, no reality is final yet.
** 2013 October 12, “Ở giữa lòng dân [In the People's Hearts]”, in Báo Quảng Nam [Quang Nam News]:Luật nhân quả nhà Phật hay phạm trù nhân – quả của biện chứng duy vật, hẳn còn có nhiều điểm để suy ngẫm.The Buddhist law of cause and effect or the categories, cause – effect, of dialectical materialism, there is surely still much food for thought.
** 2018 May 11, Nguyễn Hữu Giới (MA), “Tăng cường, đẩy mạnh “văn hoá đọc” ở các khu công nghiệp, khu chế xuất [Strengthen and Enhance “Reading Culture” in Industrial in Industrial and Manufacturing Areas]”, in Cổng thông tin điện tử Bộ Văn hóa, Thể thao và Du lịch [Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism – Electronic Portal]:Những doanh nghiệp nào xây dựng được tủ sách/phòng đọc như vậy thì quá tốt và tôi tin công nhân viên, người lao động của chúng ta sẽ thường xuyên đến đọc (và mượn về nhà). Vì đó chính là nơi bồi dưỡng kiến thức cho người lao động, để họ làm việc tốt hơn, mang lại nhiều lợi ích cho các doanh nhiệp. Đồng thời, đó cũng là cách để góp phần “tái sản xuất sức lao động” (theo biện chứng duy vật Mác-Lênin) cho đội ngũ cán bộ, công nhân viên, người lao động về tinh thần.Firms that can build such bookcases/reading rooms are very good and I believe our workers, our laborers will often come to read [books] (and borrow and bring home). For those are places for workers to cultivate knowledge, so they can work better and bring many benefits to firms. At the same time, that is also the way to help “reproduce” cadres, workers, and laborers' mental “labour-power” (according to Marxist-Leninist dialectical materialism).