# 表面
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): biǎomiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): biu$^2$ min$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): péu-mien
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): piáu-bīn / piáu-biān / piáu-bìn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): biao$^2$ mêng$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: biǎomiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: biǎomiàn
*** Wade–Giles: piao$^3$-mien$^4$
*** Yale: byǎu-myàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beaumiann
*** Palladius: бяомянь (bjaomjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: biu$^2$ min$^6$
*** Yale: bíu mihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: biu$^2$ min$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: biu$^2$ min$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /piːu̯³⁵ miːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: péu-mien
*** Hakka Romanization System: beu$^ˋ$ mien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: beu$^3$ mian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /peu̯³¹ mi̯en⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piáu-bīn
*** Tâi-lô: piáu-bīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piaw'bin
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /piau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /piau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piáu-biān
*** Tâi-lô: piáu-biān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piaw'bien
*** IPA (Taipei): /piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɛn³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /piau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ biɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /piau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biɛn³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɛn²²/
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piáu-bìn
*** Tâi-lô: piáu-bìn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: piaw'bixn
*** IPA (Longyan): /piau²¹ bin²¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: biao$^2$ mêng$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: piáu mēng
*** Sinological IPA : /piau⁵²⁻³⁵ meŋ¹¹/

#### Noun

表面
* surface; face; external appearance
    表面光澤／表面光泽 ― biǎomiàn guāngzé ― lustrous surface
    表面微生物 ― biǎomiàn wēishēngwù ― surface microorganism
* the superficial aspect; the surface (of a problem)

##### Synonyms

* (surface): (Cantonese) 面頭／面头, (Sichuan) 皮面, (Xiang) 表面子

##### Derived terms

* 表面上 (biǎomiànshang)
* 表面光 (biǎomiànguāng)
* 表面化 (biǎomiànhuà)
* 表面張力 / 表面张力 (biǎomiàn zhānglì)
* 表面性 (biǎomiànxìng)
* 表面文章 (biǎomiànwénzhāng)
* 表面活性劑 / 表面活性剂 (biǎomiàn huóxìngjì)
* 表面積 / 表面积 (biǎomiànji)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 表面(ひょうめん) (hyōmen)
* → Korean: 표면(表面) (pyomyeon)
* → Vietnamese: biểu diện (表面)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 表面 – see 錶面 (“watch face”). (This term is the simplified form of 錶面).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* 郭启熹 [Guo, Qixi], editor (2016), “表面”, in 龙岩方言词典 LONGYAN FANGYAN CIDIAN [Dictionary of Longyan dialect] (overall work in Min Nan and Mandarin), Xiamen: 鷺江出版社 [Lujiang Publishing House], →ISBN, page 260.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 表 | 面 |
| ひょう Grade: 3 | めん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひょーめん [hyòóméꜜǹ] (Nakadaka –)
* (Kyoto) ひょーめん [hyòóꜜmèǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ço̞ːmẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

表(ひょう)面(めん) • (hyōmen)
* surface, face

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 “表面”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 表 | 面 |

### Noun

表面 • (pyomyeon) (hangeul 표면)
* hanja form of 표면 (“surface, face”)