# 厲

| 厲 | U+53B2, &#21426; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53B2 |
| ← 厱 [U+53B1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 厳 → [U+53B3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

厲 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一廿田月 (MTWB), four-corner 7122$_7$, composition ⿸厂萬)

#### Derived characters

* 𡂖, 巁, 𢤆, 濿(𪵱), 𤢵, 𬩤, 曞, 櫔, 爄(𤇃), 犡, 𤪲, 禲, 矋, 礪(砺), 𥣭, 𧞵, 糲(粝), 𦆨, 蠣(蛎), 𧭡, 𧸱, 𨇆, 𨯅, 𮩖, 𩧃, 鱱, 𪙺
* 勵(励), 𨞺, 𧢝, 𧖄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 163, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3041
* Dae Jaweon: page 371, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 77, character 17
* Unihan data for U+53B2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 厲 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 糲 | *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd |
| 犡 | *m·raːds, *m·rads |
| 噧 | *hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd |
| 邁 | *mraːds |
| 勱 | *mraːds |
| 蠆 | *m̥ʰraːds |
| 厲 | *m·rads |
| 勵 | *m·rads |
| 礪 | *m·rads |
| 蠣 | *m·rads |
| 蠇 | *m·rads |
| 癘 | *m·rads |
| 濿 | *m·rads |
| 櫔 | *m·rads |
| 巁 | *m·rads |
| 贎 | *m·rads, *mlans |
| 萬 | *mlans |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *m·rads): semantic 厂 + abbreviated phonetic 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lì (li$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lai$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): li
* Jin (Wiktionary): li$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): lâ̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lī / lē
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lai$^6$
*** Yale: laih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
*** Hakka Romanization System: li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: li$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lâ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ɑ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī / lē
*** Tâi-lô: lī / lē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: li, le
*** IPA (Xiamen): /li²²/, /le²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹/, /le⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /li²²/, /le²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /li³³/, /le³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /li³³/, /le³³/
* lī - vernacular;
* lē - literary.
* Middle Chinese: ljejH
Rime :
| Character | 厲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力制切 |
| Baxter | ljejH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liaj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /liɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭɛi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯ɛi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]at-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*m·rads/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 厲 | 厲 | 厲 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lì | lì | lì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljej$^H$ › | ‹ ljej$^H$ › | ‹ ljej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]at-s/ | /*[r]at-s/ | /*[r]at-s/ |
| English | cruel | grindstone | epidemic |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 厲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12621 |
| Phonetic component | 萬 |
| Rime group | 祭 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 例 |
| Old Chinese | /*m·rads/ |

#### Definitions

厲
* fierce; stern
* severe; strict
    嚴厲／严厉 ― yánlì ― strict; stern; sever
* ferocious
* (Classical) Same as 礪／砺 (lì, “whetstone; to sharpen”).
* (literary) to encourage; to urge
* (literary) to raise; to exert
* (Cantonese) to glare
    Alternative forms: 矋 (lai$^6$), 𧢝 / 𲁔
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 濿 / 𪵱 (lì, “to ford”)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 再接再厲 / 再接再厉 (zàijiēzàilì)
* 凌厲 (línglì)
* 凌厲攻勢 / 凌厉攻势
* 厲世摩鈍 / 厉世摩钝
* 厲兵 / 厉兵
* 厲兵秣馬 / 厉兵秣马
* 厲兵粟馬 / 厉兵粟马
* 厲厲 / 厉厉 (lìlì)
* 厲吼 / 厉吼
* 厲害 / 厉害 (lìhài)
* 厲山 / 厉山 (Lìshān)
* 厲民 / 厉民
* 厲疾 / 厉疾
* 厲神 / 厉神
* 厲禁 / 厉禁 (lìjìn)
* 厲節 / 厉节
* 厲精 / 厉精
* 厲精圖治 / 厉精图治
* 厲精更始 / 厉精更始
* 厲精求治 / 厉精求治
* 厲聲 / 厉声 (lìshēng)
* 厲色 / 厉色 (lìsè)
* 厲行 / 厉行 (lìxíng)
* 厲行節約 / 厉行节约 (lìxíngjiéyuē)
* 厲階 / 厉阶
* 厲風 / 厉风 (lìfēng)
* 厲鬼 / 厉鬼 (lìguǐ)
* 周厲王 / 周厉王
* 哀厲 / 哀厉
* 嚴厲 / 严厉 (yánlì)
* 嚴詞厲色 / 严词厉色
* 夕惕若厲 / 夕惕若厉
* 外厲內荏 / 外厉内荏
* 大厲 / 大厉
* 夭厲 / 夭厉 (yāolì)
* 奮發蹈厲 / 奋发蹈厉
* 妖厲 / 妖厉
* 峭厲 / 峭厉
* 峻厲 / 峻厉
* 崇化厲俗 / 崇化厉俗
* 帶厲山河 / 带厉山河
* 帶河厲山 / 带河厉山
* 幽厲 / 幽厉
* 惕厲 / 惕厉
* 慘厲 / 惨厉 (cǎnlì)
* 揚厲 / 扬厉
* 摩厲以須 / 摩厉以须
* 敕厲 / 敕厉
* 敦世厲俗 / 敦世厉俗
* 敦風厲俗 / 敦风厉俗
* 敷張揚厲 / 敷张扬厉
* 勗厲 / 勖厉
* 暴厲 / 暴厉 (bàolì)
* 暴厲之氣 / 暴厉之气
* 暴厲恣睢 / 暴厉恣睢
* 橫厲 / 横厉
* 檢厲 / 检厉
* 正言厲色 / 正言厉色
* 正言厲顏 / 正言厉颜
* 正顏厲色 / 正颜厉色
* 氛厲 / 氛厉
* 泰山若厲 / 泰山若厉
* 淒厲 / 凄厉 (qīlì)
* 淬厲 / 淬厉
* 清厲 / 清厉
* 深厲淺揭 / 深厉浅揭
* 激厲 / 激厉 (jīlì)
* 激貪厲俗 / 激贪厉俗
* 玄厲 / 玄厉
* 疥厲 / 疥厉
* 疾言厲色 / 疾言厉色 (jíyánlìsè)
* 發揚踔厲 / 发扬踔厉
* 發揚蹈厲 / 发扬蹈厉
* 皎厲 / 皎厉
* 盛食厲兵 / 盛食厉兵
* 矯厲 / 矫厉
* 磨厲以須 / 磨厉以须
* 礱厲 / 砻厉
* 秣馬厲兵 / 秣马厉兵
* 粗聲厲語 / 粗声厉语
* 繕甲厲兵 / 缮甲厉兵
* 聲色俱厲 / 声色俱厉
* 色厲 / 色厉
* 色厲內荏 / 色厉内荏 (sèlìnèirěn)
* 藻厲 / 藻厉
* 訾厲 / 訾厉
* 詬厲 / 诟厉
* 變本加厲 / 变本加厉 (biànběnjiālì)
* 踔厲風發 / 踔厉风发
* 蹈厲之志 / 蹈厉之志
* 蹈厲奮發 / 蹈厉奋发
* 辭色俱厲 / 辞色俱厉
* 選士厲兵 / 选士厉兵
* 鋪張揚厲 / 铺张扬厉
* 雷厲 / 雷厉
* 雷厲風行 / 雷厉风行 (léilìfēngxíng)
* 雷厲風飛 / 雷厉风飞
* 風厲 / 风厉
* 飭厲 / 饬厉

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lài, lì (lai$^4$, li$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄞˋ, ㄌㄧˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lài
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lài
*** Wade–Giles: lai$^4$
*** Yale: lài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
*** Palladius: лай (laj)
*** Sinological IPA : /laɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/

#### Definitions

厲
* Same as 癩／癞 (lài).

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 厉 |
| Print standard | 厲 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 厉)
* whetstone
    Synonym: 礪
* grind
* sharpen
* make an effort to
    Synonym: 励
* leprosy
    Synonym: 癩

#### Readings

(Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* Go-on: らい (rai)
* Kan-on: らい (rai)、れい (rei)
* On: れち (rechi)、れつ (retsu)
* Kun: きつい (kitsui)、こする (kosuru)、と (to, 厲)、といし (toishi, 厲)、とぐ (togu, 厲ぐ)、はげしい (hageshī, 厲しい)、はげます (hagemasu, 厲ます)、はげむ (hagemu, 厲む)

#### Compounds

* 厲(らい)疾(しつ) (raishitsu) (癩(らい)疾(しつ))
* 厲(らい)人(じん) (raijin) (癩(らい)人(じん))
* 厲(れい)疫(えき) (reieki)
* 厲(れい)王(おう) (reiō)
* 厲(れい)階(かい) (reikai)
* 厲(れい)鬼(き) (reiki)
* 厲(れい)気(き) (reiki)
* 厲(れい)行(こう) (reikō) (励(れい)行(こう), 礪(れい)行(こう))
* 厲(れい)志(し) (reishi) (励(れい)志(し))
* 厲(れい)疾(しつ) (reishitsu)
* 厲(れい)色(しょく) (reishoku)
* 厲(れい)声(せい) (reisei) (励(れい)声(せい))
* 厲(れい)精(せい) (reisei) (励(れい)精(せい))
* 厲(れい)石(せき) (reiseki)
* 厲(れい)節(せつ) (reisetsu) (励(れい)節(せつ))
* 厲(れい)風(ふう) (reifū)
* 厲(れい)民(みん) (reimin)
* 横(おう)厲(れい) (ōrei)
* 矜(きょう)厲(れい) (kyōrei)
* 矯(きょう)厲(れい) (kyōrei) (矯(きょう)励(れい))
* 虚(きょ)厲(れい) (kyorei)
* 激(げき)厲(れい) (gekirei) (激(げき)励(れい))
* 厳(げん)厲(れい) (genrei)
* 詬(こう)厲(れい) (kōrei)
* 高(こう)厲(れい) (kōrei)
* 刻(こく)厲(れい) (kokurei) (刻(こく)励(れい))
* 淬(さい)厲(れい) (sairei) (淬(さい)励(れい))
* 鑽(さん)厲(れい) (sanrei) (鑽(さん)礪(れい))
* 色(しき)厲(れい) (shikirei)
* 奨(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei) (奨(しょう)励(れい))
* 峭(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei)
* 瘴(しょう)厲(れい) (shōrei) (瘴(しょう)癘(れい))
* 砥(し)厲(れい), 厎(し)厲(れい) (shirei) (砥(し)礪(れい))
* 疵(し)厲(れい) (shirei) (疵(し)癘(れい))
* 精(せい)厲(れい) (seirei)
* 藻(そう)厲(れい) (sōrei)
* 率(そつ)厲(れい) (sotsurei) (率(そつ)励(れい))
* 粗(そ)厲(れい) (sorei)
* 飭(ちょく)厲(れい) (chokurei) (勅(ちょく)励(れい), 飭(ちょく)励(れい))
* 督(とく)厲(れい) (tokurei) (督(とく)励(れい))
* 風(ふう)厲(れい) (fūrei)
* 忿(ふん)厲(れい) (funrei)
* 勉(べん)厲(れい) (benrei) (勉(べん)励(れい), 勉(べん)礪(れい))
* 磨(ま)厲(れい) (marei) (磨(ま)礪(れい))
* 凌(りょう)厲(れい) (ryōrei)
* 礱(ろう)厲(れい) (rōrei) (礱(ろう)礪(れい))

## Korean
### Hanja

厲 (eum 려 (ryeo))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

厲: Hán Nôm readings: lẹ, lệ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.