# 岸

| 岸 | U+5CB8, &#23736; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CB8 |
| ← 岷 [U+5CB7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 岹 → [U+5CB9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

岸 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 山一一十 (UMMJ), four-corner 2224$_1$, composition ⿸屵干 or ⿱山厈)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 310, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8009
* Dae Jaweon: page 610, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 766, character 4
* Unihan data for U+5CB8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 岸
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 訐 | *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad |
| 肝 | *kaːn |
| 竿 | *kaːn |
| 干 | *kaːn |
| 奸 | *kaːn |
| 玕 | *kaːn |
| 汗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 迀 | *kaːn |
| 忓 | *kaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 鳱 | *kaːn |
| 邗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn |
| 秆 | *kaːnʔ |
| 矸 | *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns |
| 仠 | *kaːnʔ |
| 皯 | *kaːnʔ |
| 衦 | *kaːnʔ |
| 簳 | *kaːnʔ |
| 擀 | *kaːnʔ |
| 旰 | *kaːns |
| 盰 | *kaːns |
| 幹 | *kaːns |
| 杆 | *kaːns |
| 骭 | *kaːns, *ɡraːns |
| 桿 | *kaːnʔ |
| 趕 | *kaːnʔ |
| 稈 | *kaːnʔ |
| 刊 | *kʰaːn |
| 靬 | *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan |
| 衎 | *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns |
| 犴 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns |
| 豻 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn |
| 頇 | *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd |
| 岸 | *ŋɡaːns |
| 鼾 | *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns |
| 罕 | *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns |
| 焊 | *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns |
| 蔊 | *qʰaːnʔ |
| 虷 | *ɡaːn |
| 旱 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 皔 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 釬 | *ɡaːns |
| 扞 | *ɡaːns |
| 閈 | *ɡaːns |
| 馯 | *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn |
| 捍 | *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ |
| 悍 | *ɡaːns |
| 銲 | *ɡaːns |
| 垾 | *ɡaːns |
| 駻 | *ɡaːns |
| 睅 | *ɡʷranʔ |
| 娨 | *ɡraːns |
| 飦 | *kan |
| 赶 | *ɡan, *ɡʷad |
| 軒 | *qʰan |
| 蓒 | *qʰan |
| 酐 | *qʰaːŋʔ |
| 澣 | *ɡʷaːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɡaːns): semantic 屵 (“cliff”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn) – the edge of the land. Its proto-form was 屵.

### Etymology

Possibly derived from a stem *ŋaʔ (“to oppose; to resist”) + general noun suffix *-n; related to 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns, “cliff”), 滸 (OC *hŋaːʔ, “riverbank”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): àn (an$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngan$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngon$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngon$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ngon$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngan
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngan$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ghan$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ngāing
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngiâng / ngâng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngyo$^5$ / huaⁿ$^5$ / ngang$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hōaⁿ / gān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huan$^7$ / ngai$^6$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hua$^1$ / ngang$^7$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$ngoe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngan$^4$ / ngan$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: àn
*** Zhuyin: ㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: àn
*** Wade–Giles: an$^4$
*** Yale: àn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ann
*** Palladius: ань (anʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀän⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ngan$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngan
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋan²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngon$^6$
*** Yale: ngohn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngon$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngon$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔːn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngon$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡᵘɔn³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ngon$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɵn¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngan
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋan⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋan⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ghan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɣæ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngāing
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaiŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiâng / ngâng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋiɑŋ²⁴²/, /ŋɑŋ²⁴²/
* ngiâng - vernacular;
* ngâng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: nganH
Rime :
| Character | 岸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 五旰切 |
| Baxter | nganH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | àn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngon$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤa[r]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡaːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 岸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | àn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngan$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]ˁa[r]-s/ |
| English | bank of a river |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 岸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3604 |
| Phonetic component | 干 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 岸 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɡaːns/ |

### Definitions

岸
* bank; shore; coast
    海岸 ― hǎi'àn ― coast
    靠岸 ― kào'àn ― to approach the shore
* high; lofty
    偉岸／伟岸 ― wěi'àn ― tall and sturdy
* stately; haughty
* border

### Compounds

* 上岸 (shàng'àn)
* 不立崖岸
* 了岸
* 偏岸
* 偉岸 / 伟岸 (wěi'àn)
* 傲岸 (ào'àn)
* 兀岸
* 免稅口岸 / 免税口岸
* 兩岸 / 两岸 (liǎng'àn)
* 凸岸
* 列岸
* 到岸價格 / 到岸价格
* 到彼岸
* 北海岸
* 南岸 (nán'àn)
* 厓岸
* 原生海岸
* 口岸 (kǒu'àn)
* 合岸
* 器岸
* 嚴岸 / 严岸
* 回頭是岸 / 回头是岸 (huítóu shì àn)
* 圭角岸然
* 坑岸
* 埽岸
* 埭岸
* 堤岸 (dī'àn)
* 塍岸
* 塌岸
* 塘岸
* 墜岸 / 坠岸
* 夾岸 / 夹岸 (jiā'àn)
* 孤峰絕岸 / 孤峰绝岸
* 對岸 / 对岸 (duì'àn)
* 屠岸 (Tú'àn)
* 山岸
* 岸埽
* 岸岸
* 岩岸
* 岸巾
* 岸幘 / 岸帻
* 岸忽
* 岸捆 (ànkǔn)
* 岸標 / 岸标 (ànbiāo)
* 岸然 (ànrán)
* 岸然道貌
* 岸獄 / 岸狱
* 岸異 / 岸异
* 岸谷
* 岸谷之變 / 岸谷之变 (àngǔzhībiàn)
* 岸邊 / 岸边 (ànbiān)
* 岸限
* 岸頭 / 岸头 (àntóu)
* 崖岸 (yá'àn)
* 崖岸自高
* 嵬岸
* 巖岸 / 岩岸
* 幫岸 / 帮岸
* 廣岸 / 广岸
* 引岸
* 彼岸 (bǐ'àn)
* 抹岸
* 插岸
* 撐岸就船 / 撑岸就船
* 攏岸 / 拢岸
* 斬岸 / 斩岸
* 斷岸 / 断岸
* 木岸
* 東岸 / 东岸 (dōng'àn)
* 林岸
* 東海岸 / 东海岸 (Dōnghǎi'àn)
* 柳岸
* 梧岸
* 椒岸
* 楚岸
* 此岸
* 氣岸 / 气岸
* 水岸
* 江岸 (jiāng'àn)
* 沙岸
* 泊岸 (bó'àn)
* 泮岸
* 沿岸 (yán'àn)
* 河岸 (hé'àn)
* 法岸
* 沿岸流
* 沿岸貿易 / 沿岸贸易
* 波羅岸 / 波罗岸
* 津岸
* 海岸 (hǎi'àn)
* 海岸山脈 / 海岸山脉
* 海岸平原
* 海岸流
* 海岸線 / 海岸线 (hǎi'ànxiàn)
* 海岸防線 / 海岸防线
* 海峽兩岸 / 海峡两岸
* 涯岸 (yá'àn)
* 煙岸 / 烟岸
* 牆岸 / 墙岸
* 玉岸
* 瑰岸
* 瑤岸 / 瑶岸
* 田岸 (chhân-hōaⁿ) (Min Nan)
* 畔岸
* 登岸 (dēng'àn)
* 盤岸 / 盘岸
* 石幫岸 / 石帮岸
* 硎岸
* 碕岸
* 碩岸 / 硕岸
* 移岸
* 移船就岸
* 稜岸 / 棱岸
* 立崖岸
* 站乾岸兒 / 站干岸儿
* 絕岸 / 绝岸
* 行岸
* 覺岸 / 觉岸
* 誕登道岸 / 诞登道岸
* 護岸 / 护岸
* 護岸林 / 护岸林
* 豐岸 / 丰岸
* 象牙海岸 (Xiàngyá Hǎi'àn)
* 赤岸
* 起岸
* 軒岸 / 轩岸
* 迷岸
* 通商口岸 (tōngshāng kǒu'àn)
* 道岸
* 道貌岸然 (dàomào'ànrán)
* 邃岸
* 邊岸 / 边岸 (biān'àn)
* 野岸
* 開岸 / 开岸
* 阪岸
* 阬岸 / 坑岸
* 陰岸 / 阴岸
* 隋岸
* 隄岸
* 隔岸
* 隔岸觀火 / 隔岸观火 (gé'ànguānhuǒ)
* 隔岸開火 / 隔岸开火
* 雷岸
* 霸岸
* 霸陵岸
* 青岸
* 靠岸 (kào'àn)
* 頹岸 / 颓岸
* 風岸 / 风岸
* 駁岸 / 驳岸 (bó'àn)
* 驁岸 / 骜岸
* 驛岸 / 驿岸
* 驚濤拍岸 / 惊涛拍岸
* 高岸
* 高岸深谷
* 魁岸
* 鵠岸 / 鹄岸
* 鵲岸 / 鹊岸
* 黃金海岸 / 黄金海岸 (Huángjīn Hǎi'àn)
* 齧岸 / 啮岸

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: ngạn

### References

* (Min Nan) “岸”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* beach

#### Readings

* Go-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
* Kun: きし (kishi, 岸, Jōyō)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 岸
* きし Grade: 3
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きし [kìshíꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [kʲi̥ɕi]

#### Noun

岸(きし) • (kishi)
* bank, coast, shore

#### Proper noun

岸(きし) • (Kishi)
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 岸
* がん Grade: 3
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡã̠ɴ]

#### Affix

岸(がん) • (gan)
* bank; coast; shore

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 岸 (MC nganH).
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅌᅡᆫ〮 (Yale: ngan) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 안 (an) (Yale: an) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 岸 (eumhun 언덕 안 (eondeok an))
* hanja form of 안 (“bank”)

#### Compounds

* 사안 (沙岸/砂岸, saan)
* 안반 (岸畔, anban)
* 안벽 (岸壁, anbyeok)
* 연안 (沿岸, yeonan)
* 해안 (海岸, haean)
* 해안선 (海岸線, haeanseon)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

岸: Hán Nôm readings: ngàn, ngan, ngạn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.