# 窗

| 窗 | U+7A97, &#31383; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A97 |
| ← 窖 [U+7A96] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 窘 → [U+7A98] |

## Translingual
### Han character

窗 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹田水 (JCHWE) or 十金竹田大 (JCHWK), four-corner 3060$_8$, composition ⿱穴囱(GJKV) or ⿱穴囪(HT))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25517
* Dae Jaweon: page 1294, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2731, character 12
* Unihan data for U+7A97

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 牎 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窗 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 窓 | *sʰroːŋ |
| 囱 | *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ |
| 總 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 熜 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 傯 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 緫 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 揔 | *ʔsloːŋʔ |
| 偬 | *ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs |
| 囪 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 璁 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 驄 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 蔥 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 匆 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 怱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 葱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 楤 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聦 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 繱 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 騘 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 鍯 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 聰 | *sʰloːŋ |
| 愡 | *sʰloːŋs |
| 檧 | *sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ |
| 憽 | *sloːŋ |
| 幒 | *sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 穴 (“hole”) + 囱 (“window”).

### Etymology

From circumstantial noun prefix *s- + 通 (OC l̥ˤoŋ, “to penetrate”), literally "where light penetrates" (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chuāng (chuang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cang$^1$ / cuang$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): pfǎng
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): chàn
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): coeng$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tong$^1$ / tong$^{1*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
    (Hailu, HRS): cung$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cung$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): cuon$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): té̤ng / chó̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): chŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): toeng$^1$ / tyeng$^1$ / corng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thang / chhong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): têng$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): tiang$^1$ / cong$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qyan$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuang
*** Wade–Giles: chʻuang$^1$
*** Yale: chwāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuang
*** Palladius: чуан (čuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cang$^1$ / cuang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cang / cuong
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: pfǎng
*** Sinological IPA : /p͡fʰaŋ²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: chàn
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): chan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰã³¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^1$
*** Yale: chēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tong$^1$ / tong$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔŋ³³/, /tʰɔŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: cuon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: té̤ng / chó̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰœyŋ⁵⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
* té̤ng - vernacular;
* chó̤ng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit窗 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡sʰuɑŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /p͡fʰaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɔ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /p͡fʰɑ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰuã̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑ̃²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /suə¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sʰuɑ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sʰz̩ʷɑŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰyɔ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰo³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰau¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰyan³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔn³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰœŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰœŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵⁵/ /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰouŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰœyŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰeŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /hiaŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsrhaewng
Rime :
| Character | 窗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 楚江切 |
| Baxter | tsrhaewng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠʌŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚɔŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰɔŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰɔŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰɔŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chuāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-l̥ˤ<r>oŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰroːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 窗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chuāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrhæwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-l̥ˁ<r>oŋ/ |
| English | window |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 窗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1807 |
| Phonetic component | 囱 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 囪 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰroːŋ/ |
| Notes | 原下作怱，注説文作窗 |

### Definitions

窗
* window (Classifier: 扇 m; 個／个 c; 隻／只 c)
    窗簾／窗帘 ― chuānglián ― window blinds
    打開個窗／打开个窗 [Cantonese] ― daa$^2$ hoi$^1$ go$^3$ coeng$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to open the window

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 牖, 窗, 軒, 櫳 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 窗戶, 窗口, 窗子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 窗戶, 窗兒, 窗子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 窗戶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 窗戶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 窗戶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 窗戶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 窗戶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 窗戶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 窗戶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 窗戶 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 窗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 窗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 窗戶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 窗戶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 窗戶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 窗戶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 窗戶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 窗戶, 窗子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 窗 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 窗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窗戶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 窗戶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 窗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 窗戶, 窗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 窗子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 窗子, 窗窗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 窗戶, 窗子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 窗子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 窗子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 窗子, 窗戶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 窗子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 窗子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 窗子, 窗戶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 窗子, 窗戶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 窗戶, 窗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 窗子, 窗戶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 窗戶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 窗子, 窗戶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 窗子, 窗戶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 窗子, 窗口, 窗戶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shanglin (Sanli) | 亮窗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 窗子, 窗戶, 窗口 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 窗戶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 窗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 窗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 窗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窗戶, 窗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 窗子, 窗戶 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 窗蒙 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 窗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 窗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 窗子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窗, 窗門, 窗口 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 窗, 窗門, 窗口 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 窗, 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 窗口 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 窗口 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 窗眼 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 窗口, 窗門, 窗眼, 窗 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 窗口, 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 窗眼 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 窗眼 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 窗子 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 窗口 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 光窗門 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 光窗 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 窗門, 窗口 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 門窗, 光窗 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 光窗 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 窗櫺 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 窗口 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 窗門 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 窗眼 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 窗, 窗子 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 光窗, 窗門, 窗口 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 窗口, 窗眼, 窗戶, 窗 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 窗 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 窗肆 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 窗口 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 窗口 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 窗口 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 窗子, 格子 |
| Gan | Poyang | 檻子 |
| Gan | Yugan | 窗子 |
| Gan | Wannian | 窗子 |
| Gan | Yiyang, Jiangxi | 淺門 |
| Gan | Hengfeng | 淺門 |
| Gan | Yanshan (Hekou) | 淺門 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 㦿仔, 㦿門 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 窗子, 㦿㦿, 㦿子 |
| Gan | Guixi | 㦿門 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窗仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 窗哩 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Gaobei) | 窗 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Tangkeng) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Fengliang) | 窗 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Pantian) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 窗 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 窗眼, 窗門, 窗 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 窗眼 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 窗籟, 窗門, 窗哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 窗哩, 窗光 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 光窗 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 窗籟 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 窗 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 光窗 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 光窗 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 窗孔 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 窗 |
| Hakka | Changting | 窗子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 窗子 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 窗子 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 窗子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 窗 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 斗門 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 光窗 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 斗門 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 窗 |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 光窗 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 窗 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 光窗 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 光窗 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 窗子 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 窗欞 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 窗 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 窗眼 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 光窗 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 光窗 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 窗子 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Senai (Hepo) | 窗門 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 柱門 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 窗門 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 檻闥 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 檻窗, 檻闥 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 檻兒窗 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 檻兒窗 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 檻 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 檻, 檻吶, 檻窗, 檻窗吶 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 檻, 窗, 檻窗, 窗子 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 檻窗 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 窗子 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窗戶, 窗子 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 窗子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 窗子 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 窗戶 |
| Jin | Linhe | 窗子 |
| Jin | Jining | 窗戶 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 窗子 |
| Jin | Baotou | 窗戶 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 窗子 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 窗子 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 窗戶 |
| Jin | Handan | 窗戶 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窗門仔 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 推門仔 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 天門 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 窗㦿 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 檻門, 檻門窗, 檻門囝, 檻門臼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 檻門囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 窗門, 窗門囝, 檻門囝 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 門檻 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 窗門 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 窗門 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 窗門 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 窗退門 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 窗門 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 檻門囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 窗仔, 窗仔門 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 窗仔, 窗仔門 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 窗仔門 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 窗囝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 窗仔, 窗仔門 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 窗仔門, 窗仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 窗仔門 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 窗仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 窗, 窗仔門 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 窗仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 窗仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 窗仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 窗, 窗仔, 窗仔門 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 窗仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 窗仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 窗仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 窗仔, 窗仔門, 窗 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 窗仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 窗仔只, 窗只仔 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 窗門仔, 窗門 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 窗戶 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 窗, 窗門 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 窗 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 窗 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 窗 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 窗 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 窗 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 窗 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 窗 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 窗 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 窗 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 窗門, 窗仔 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 推門 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 窗門 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 窗 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 窗門 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 窗, 門窗 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xinxu) | 窗門 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 窗門 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 窗門 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 推門 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 窗仔門 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 窗仔門 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 窗門 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 窗子 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 窗門 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 窗門 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 窗門 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 窗 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 門窗 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 亮門子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 窗, 窗門, 窗子 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 窗 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 窗 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 窗, 窗架, 窗子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 窗門, 窗眼, 窗篷 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 窗, 窗門, 窗子 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 窗門 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 窗門, 窗檻, 檻窗, 窗頭 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 窗門, 窗頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 窗, 窗門 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 檻頭, 檻頭門, 窗門 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 款 |
| Wu | Shangrao | 窗盤 |
| Wu | Shangrao (Guangfeng) | 窗盤 |
| Wu | Yushan | 窗門 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 亮窗, 窗戶 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 窗子 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 窗子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 窗子眼 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 窗子 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 窗戶 |

### Compounds

* 剪燭西窗 / 剪烛西窗
* 剪窗花
* 北窗高臥 / 北窗高卧
* 十年寒窗
* 十年窗下
* 十載寒窗 / 十载寒窗
* 南風窗 / 南风窗
* 同窗 (tóngchuāng)
* 吊窗 (diàochuāng)
* 同窗夜語 / 同窗夜语
* 同窗契友
* 天窗 (tiānchuāng)
* 寒窗 (hánchuāng)
* 推窗
* 明窗彩戶 / 明窗彩户
* 明窗淨几
* 時事櫥窗 / 时事橱窗
* 東窗事發 / 东窗事发 (dōngchuāngshìfā)
* 樓窗 / 楼窗 (lóuchuāng)
* 櫥窗 / 橱窗 (chúchuāng)
* 櫥窗設計 / 橱窗设计
* 民主櫥窗 / 民主橱窗
* 氣窗 / 气窗 (qìchuāng)
* 泥窗
* 液晶窗
* 漏窗
* 玻璃窗
* 瑣窗 / 琐窗
* 百葉窗 / 百叶窗 (bǎiyèchuāng)
* 百葉窗簾 / 百叶窗帘
* 視窗 / 视窗 (shìchuāng)
* 視窗九五 / 视窗九五
* 空窗期 (kōngchuāngqī)
* 窗下
* 窗友
* 窗口 (chuāngkǒu)
* 窗外 (chuāngwài)
* 窗子 (chuāngzi)
* 窗屜 / 窗屉
* 窗帘 (chuānglián)
* 窗戶 / 窗户
* 窗戶眼兒 / 窗户眼儿
* 窗戶紙 / 窗户纸
* 窗明几淨 (chuāngmíngjījìng)
* 窗格 (chuānggé)
* 窗槅
* 窗檻 / 窗槛 (chuāngjiàn)
* 窗櫺 / 窗棂 (chuānglíng)
* 窗沿
* 窗洞 (chuāngdòng)
* 窗牖
* 窗眼
* 窗簾 / 窗帘 (chuānglián)
* 窗紙 / 窗纸
* 窗紗 / 窗纱
* 窗緣 / 窗缘
* 窗臺 / 窗台 (chuāngtái)
* 窗花 (chuānghuā)
* 窗課 / 窗课
* 窗間過馬 / 窗间过马
* 窗飾 / 窗饰
* 篷窗
* 紙窗 / 纸窗
* 紗窗 / 纱窗 (shāchuāng)
* 綺窗 / 绮窗
* 綠窗 / 绿窗
* 聽窗 / 听窗
* 肉吊窗
* 自在窗
* 舷窗 (xiánchuāng)
* 芸窗
* 落地窗 (luòdìchuāng)
* 蓬窗
* 螢窗 / 萤窗
* 螢窗雪案 / 萤窗雪案
* 西窗翦燭 / 西窗翦烛
* 話冷雞窗 / 话冷鸡窗
* 貼現窗口 / 贴现窗口
* 鋁窗 / 铝窗
* 鋁門窗 / 铝门窗
* 鐵窗 / 铁窗 (tiěchuāng)
* 門窗 / 门窗 (ménchuāng)
* 開天窗 / 开天窗 (kāitiānchuāng)
* 隔窗有耳
* 雞窗 / 鸡窗
* 雪案螢窗 / 雪案萤窗
* 雪窗螢几
* 雪窗螢火 / 雪窗萤火
* 靈魂之窗 / 灵魂之窗

### Descendants

* → Korean: 창(窓) (chang)
* → Vietnamese: song (窗)
Others:
* → Zhuang: cueng

### References

* “窗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “窗”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 36.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: そう (sō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: まど (mado, 窗)
* Kanji in this term
* 窗
* まど Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 窗 – see the following entry. :
| 【窓まど】6 | [noun] [from 759] window [noun] [from 1931] (regional, dialect, Etchū region) a deep gap in a mountain ridge (so called for the way the wind blows through, like a window) [proper noun] (Internet slang, dated) Windows (an operating system) Alternative spellings 牕, 牖 |
(This term, 窗, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

窗 • (chang) (hangeul 창)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

窗: Hán Nôm readings: song
* (archaic, literary) window
* Short for chấn song (“upright post in a paling or railing”).
    sau song sắtbehind (iron) bars