# 朝

| 朝 | U+671D, &#26397; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-671D |
| ← 朜 [U+671C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 朞 → [U+671E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

朝 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十十月 (JJB), four-corner 4742$_0$, composition ⿰龺月)

#### Derived characters

* 𠎫 嘲 𢢅 潮 𨗛 𣊿 𣛨 𣎢 謿 𨅹 𩻹 𦺓 𣋂 𢀭 廟

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 506, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14374
* Dae Jaweon: page 885, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2084, character 8
* Unihan data for U+671D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 朝 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 嘲 | *ʔr'eːw |
| 廟 | *mrews |
| 朝 | *ʔr'ew, *r'ew |
| 潮 | *r'ew |
In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 2 or 4 屮 (“grass”) or even 木 (“tree”) + 日 (“sun”) + 月 (“moon”) – the sun rising above the ground while the waning moon is still in the sky – the morning.
In the bronze script, it was a compound of 𠦝 and a pictograph of a river (川 or 水) – this was possibly an original form for 潮 (OC *r'ew, “tide”). The river glyph may be a corruption of 月 due to association with tides or diurnal events. Chi (2010) considers such forms to be phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声), where 𠦝 is the abbreviated form of the phonetic 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew). In the some late Western Zhou forms, 𠦝 was corrupted into a form resembling 車.
According to Guo Moruo, in the stone drum inscriptions (石鼓文 (shígǔwén), likely from the Spring and Autumn period) 㫃 was added (attached to 車), and the river glyph was replaced with 舟 (OC *tjɯw), which was interpreted as the phonetic component; the small seal script might have inherited from this form. Shuowen interpreted the fused components of 𠦝 and 㫃 as a semantic component 倝 (“dawn”). However, the accuracy of identification has been questioned; the character was a heavily weathered one in which the 㫃 identification was probably spurious and likely influenced by the Shuowen. Meanwhile, the 舟 component on the right remained somewhat legible.
The 舟 component remained in the bamboo and wooden slips of the Warring States period (see the table). In the clerical script since the Han dynasty, 舟 had been reverted to 月; it is unclear whether this was a remnant from 月 in the oracle bone script or a corruption of 舟 (as in 朕 < 𦩎 and many other characters). The current form is essentially inherited from the clerical script.

### Etymology

“Morning” > “perform the morning ceremony” > “to go/come to court; to have an audience”. Derivative: 潮 (OC *r'ew, “morning tide”).
Perhaps related to Thai เพรา (prao, “morning”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhāo (zhao$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zao$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ziu$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zeu$^1$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): ziu$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chêu
* Eastern Min (BUC): diĕu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiau
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziao$^1$ / ziou$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tsau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhau$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhao
*** Wade–Giles: chao$^1$
*** Yale: jāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jau
*** Palladius: чжао (čžao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zao$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sau⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ziu$^1$
*** Yale: jīu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dziu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zeu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡seu³³/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: ziu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ʃiu³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chêu
*** Hakka Romanization System: zeu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zeu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡seu̯²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: diĕu
*** Sinological IPA : /tieu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiau
*** Tâi-lô: tiau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diaw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziao$^1$ / ziou$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiau / tsiou
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siau³³/, /t͡siou³³/
* ziao1 - Shantou;
* ziou1 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: trjew
Rime :
| Character | 朝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (92) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 陟遙切 |
| Baxter | trjew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚiɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈiaw/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭɛu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȶi̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ziu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>aw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔr'ew/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 朝 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjew › |
| Old Chinese | /*t<r>aw/ |
| English | morning |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 朝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 1307 |
| Phonetic component | 朝 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 朝 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔr'ew/ |
| Notes | 甲文作日月同在草中表清晨， 非舟聲 |

#### Definitions

朝
* morning
    朝夕 ― zhāoxī ― morning and evening; all the time
* daytime; day; full day
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Yóu jīn zhī dào, wú biàn jīn zhī sú, suī yǔ zhī tiānxià, bùnéng yī zhāo jū yě. [Pinyin]
    Although a prince, pursuing the path of the present day, and not changing its practices, were to have the throne given to him, he could not retain it for a single day.
    From: c. 833-909: Luo Yin (羅隱／罗隐), 自遣 (Self Consolation)
    Jīnzhāo yǒu jiǔ jīnzhāo zuì, míngrì chóu lái míngrì chóu. [Pinyin]
    If there is wine today, then today is the day to get drunk. Worry about tomorrow's worries when they come tomorrow.
* (obsolete) beginning; start
* (Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min) breakfast
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 晨, 朝 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 早晨, 清早, 清晨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 早晨, 早起 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 早晨 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 早上, 早晨 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 早晨, 早晨起來 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 傍亮 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 傍亮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 趕早, 早起 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 早晨, 清早 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 早晨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 早晨頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 早上, 早晨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 早上 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 朝頭早, 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 朝頭早, 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 一早 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 朝頭早 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 朝頭早 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 早朝早 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 朝頭朝早 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 朝頭早 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 朝頭早 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 朝頭早 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 朝頭早 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 侵早 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 晨早 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 朝頭早 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 朝頭, 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 朝頭早, 早朝, 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 朝頭早 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 一皓 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 朝頭早 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 朝頭早, 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 早朝, 早晨 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 朝間早 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 朝間早 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 早朝頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 朝頭早, 朝間早 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 朝早 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 朝早頭 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 天光早 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 晨早 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 朝頭早 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 朝早 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 清早, 早上 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 朝晨, 朝晨頭 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Gaobei) | 朝晨早 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Tangkeng) | 朝晨頭 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Fengliang) | 朝晨早 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Pantian) | 朝晨 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 早晨 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 朝晨頭 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 朝晨頭 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 朝晨早 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 早上 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 朝晨, 朝晨頭 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 朝晨, 朝晨頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 朝晨, 朝晨頭 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 朝晨, 朝晨頭 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 晨早, 晨早頭 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 晨早, 晨早時務 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 早晨 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 早晨, 打早, 打早起, 早起, 清早 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 早頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 早頭, 早起頭, 起早, 起早頭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 早起 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 早起 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 早起 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 早起 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 早起 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 眠起早, 眠起 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 眠起早 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 起早, 起早頭, 起早時 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 起早, 起早頭, 起早時 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 停光, 光早 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 通光 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 朝頭 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 早浪, 早浪向, 早晨, 早晨頭, 清早晨 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 早浪 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 天亮, 天亮頭 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 天光早, 天光 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 早上, 早晨頭 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 早晨家 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 朝食, 饔, 晨炊 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 早飯, 早餐 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 早飯, 早點 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 早飯, 早餐, 早點 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 早上飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 早上飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 早飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 早上飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 早上飯, 早飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 早飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 早餐 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 早餐 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 點心 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 早飯, 早晨飯, 早點 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 朝飯兒, 早飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 清早飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 早起飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 清早起來飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 乾早飯, 早飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 早起 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 早點, 早上飯, 早飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 趕早飯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 早飯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 早飯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 早飯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 乾早飯, 早飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 早飯, 早餐 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 早飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 早飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 早飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 早餐, 早飯, 早點 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 早餐, 早飯, 早點 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 早飯, 點心 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 早飯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 早飯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 早飯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 早餐, 朝早飯, 朝 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 早飯, 朝頭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 早飯, 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 粥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 朝早飯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 朝早飯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 朝早飯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 朝 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 朝 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 朝 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 過早 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 過早 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 早朝 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 早朝 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 早朝 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 早餐 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 早飯 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 早飯 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 早飯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 朝 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 朝 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 朝, 早餐 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 早餐, 朝 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 早餐 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 朝, 早餐 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 早餐 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 朝 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 朝 |
| Hakka | Changting | 朝 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 朝 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 天光 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 朝飯 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 晨朝 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 朝 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 朝飯 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 早晨 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 早頓, 早, 晨早 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 朝, 朝飯 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 朝 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 朝, 早點 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 早餐 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 朝, 早餐 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 朝 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 早飯 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 早飯 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 天光 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 天光 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 天光 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 點心 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 朝飯, 朝粥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 早清飯, 清早飯, 打早飯 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 早起飯, 早晨飯 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 打早飯, 早起飯, 早升飯 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 早飯 |
| Jin | Linhe | 早飯 |
| Jin | Jining | 早飯 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 早飯 |
| Jin | Baotou | 早飯 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 早飯 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 早點 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 早 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 早 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 飯 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 飯 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 朝 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 朝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 早 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 飯, 早 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 飯 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 早頓, 早起頓, 早起 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 早頓, 早起頓, 早起 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 早起 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 早頓, 早起頓, 早起 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 早起頓, 早起, 早餐, 早頓 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 早餐, 早起 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 飯 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 飯 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 眠起, 早餐 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 猛早頓, 猛早, 早飯, 早糜 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 眠早 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 早餐, 早頓 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 早餐 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 早餐 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 早糜, 早 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 糜旦, 天光糜, 早 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 天光糜, 天光, 天光早糜, 天光早, 天光白糜, 天光白 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 早糜, 早餐 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 早餐 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 早餐 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 早餐 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 過早, 朝飯, 點心 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 早飯 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 早飯, 早點 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 飯 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 早飯 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 早飯, 早點 |
| Wu | Danyang | 早飯 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 早飯 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 天亮飯 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 天光 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 五更兒飯, 五更飯, 五更兒 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 五更 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 早飯 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 早飯 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 早飯, 晨飯 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 早飯 |

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 朝(ちょう) (chō)
* → Korean: 조(朝) (jo)
* → Vietnamese: triêu (朝)

#### Compounds

* 一朝 (yīzhāo)
* 一朝一夕 (yīzhāoyīxī)
* 三朝五日
* 三朝書 / 三朝书
* 不終朝 / 不终朝
* 二朝王醮
* 今朝 (jīnzhāo)
* 做朝
* 兩日三朝 / 两日三朝
* 匪朝伊夕
* 危若朝露
* 夏蟲朝菌 / 夏虫朝菌
* 夜月花朝
* 小年朝
* 崇朝
* 旦暮朝夕
* 早朝
* 暮去朝來 / 暮去朝来
* 暮四朝三 (mùsìzhāosān)
* 暮想朝思
* 暮暮朝朝
* 暮楚朝秦 (mùchǔzhāoqín)
* 暮虢朝虞
* 暮雨朝雲 / 暮雨朝云
* 會朝 / 会朝
* 月夕花朝
* 月夜花朝
* 有朝一日 (yǒuzhāoyīrì)
* 朝三暮四 (zhāosānmùsì)
* 朝不保夕 (zhāobùbǎoxī)
* 朝不保暮
* 朝不及夕
* 朝不圖夕 / 朝不图夕
* 朝不慮夕 / 朝不虑夕 (zhāobùlǜxī)
* 朝不謀夕 / 朝不谋夕
* 朝乾夕惕 / 朝干夕惕
* 朝令夕改 (zhāolìngxīgǎi)
* 朝令暮改
* 朝來暮去 / 朝来暮去
* 朝兢夕惕
* 朝出夕改
* 朝升暮合
* 朝參暮禮 / 朝参暮礼
* 朝四暮三 (zhāosìmùsān)
* 朝夕 (zhāoxī)
* 朝夕不倦
* 朝夕難保 / 朝夕难保 (zhāoxīnánbǎo)
* 朝思夕想
* 朝思夕計 / 朝思夕计
* 朝思暮想 (zhāosīmùxiǎng)
* 朝日新聞 / 朝日新闻
* 朝早
* 朝暉 / 朝晖 (zhāohuī)
* 朝暮
* 朝暮人
* 朝暮課誦 / 朝暮课诵
* 朝暾 (zhāotūn)
* 朝曦 (zhāoxī)
* 朝更夕改 (zhāogēngxīgǎi)
* 朝更暮改 (zhāogēngmùgǎi)
* 朝會 / 朝会
* 朝朝 (zhāozhāo)
* 朝朝暮暮 (zhāozhāomùmù)
* 朝東暮西 / 朝东暮西
* 朝梁暮晉
* 朝梁暮陳
* 朝榮夕悴 / 朝荣夕悴
* 朝榮夕斃 / 朝荣夕毙
* 朝榮夕滅 / 朝荣夕灭
* 朝榮暮落 / 朝荣暮落
* 朝槿
* 朝歌 (Zhāogē)
* 朝歌夜絃 / 朝歌夜弦
* 朝歌暮樂 / 朝歌暮乐
* 朝歌暮絃 / 朝歌暮弦
* 朝歡暮樂 / 朝欢暮乐
* 朝氣 / 朝气 (zhāoqì)
* 朝氣勃勃 / 朝气勃勃 (zhāoqìbóbó)
* 朝氣蓬勃 / 朝气蓬勃 (zhāoqìpéngbó)
* 朝生暮死
* 朝發夕至 / 朝发夕至 (zhāofāxīzhì)
* 朝秦暮楚 (zhāoqínmùchǔ)
* 朝經暮史 / 朝经暮史
* 朝聞夕改 / 朝闻夕改
* 朝聞夕死 / 朝闻夕死
* 朝菌
* 朝虀暮鹽 / 朝虀暮盐
* 朝蜏
* 朝行夕改
* 朝西暮東 / 朝西暮东
* 朝趁暮食
* 朝過夕改 / 朝过夕改
* 朝鐘暮鼓 / 朝钟暮鼓
* 朝陽 / 朝阳
* 朝陽方案 / 朝阳方案
* 朝陽鳴鳳 / 朝阳鸣凤
* 朝雲 / 朝云
* 朝雲暮雨 / 朝云暮雨
* 朝霞 (zhāoxiá)
* 朝霧 / 朝雾 (zhāowù)
* 朝露 (zhāolù)
* 朝食 (zhāoshí)
* 朝飯 / 朝饭 (zhāofàn)
* 朝餐夜宿
* 朝饔夕飧 (zhāoyōngxìsūn)
* 歲朝 / 岁朝 (suìzhāo)
* 每日逐朝
* 每朝每日
* 每朝逐日
* 浮雲朝露 / 浮云朝露
* 清朝 (Qīngcháo)
* 滅此朝食 / 灭此朝食 (miècǐzhāoshí)
* 生朝 (shēngzhāo)
* 當朝 / 当朝
* 終朝 / 终朝 (zhōngzhāo)
* 花朝
* 花朝日
* 花朝月夕
* 花朝月夜
* 花朝節 / 花朝节
* 行雨朝雲 / 行雨朝云
* 連朝接夕 / 连朝接夕
* 逐朝每日
* 鳳鳴朝陽 / 凤鸣朝阳

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): cháo (chao$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cao$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ceu$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhèu
* Eastern Min (BUC): dièu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiâu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ciao$^5$ / ciou$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cháo
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cháo
*** Wade–Giles: chʻao$^2$
*** Yale: cháu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaur
*** Palladius: чао (čao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cao$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cao
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰau²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ciu$^4$
*** Yale: chìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qiu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ceu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛu²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhèu
*** Hakka Romanization System: ceu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ceu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dièu
*** Sinological IPA : /tieu⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu
*** Tâi-lô: tiâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diaau
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /tiau²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ciao$^5$ / ciou$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiâu / tshiôu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/
* ciao5 - Shantou;
* ciou5 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: drjew
Rime :
| Character | 朝 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (92) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直遙切 |
| Baxter | drjew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚiɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖiaw/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭɛu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cháo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ciu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-t<r>aw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*r'ew/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 朝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cháo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjew › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-t<r>aw/ |
| English | (morning) audience at court |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 朝 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 1309 |
| Phonetic component | 朝 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𪓙 |
| Old Chinese | /*r'ew/ |

#### Definitions

朝
* (historical) to wish elders or seniors good health; to visit (a senior person)
* (historical) to have an audience with the king or emperor; to perform the morning ceremony; to go to court
* to make a pilgrimage to; to pay homage to
* to assemble; to call; to gather
* imperial court
* dynasty (line of rulers)
* emperor's reign; period ruled by a particular emperor or king
* government; imperial government
* affairs of the state
* (historical) courtier class
* (Huizhou) paternal grandfather
* to face
    朝著南邊／朝着南边 ― cháozhe nánbiān ― facing the south
* towards; to; on
    朝前看 ― cháo qián kàn ― look ahead [lit. look to the front]
* Short for 朝鮮／朝鲜 (Cháoxiǎn, “North Korea; Korea”).
    美朝關係／美朝关系 ― Měi Cháo guānxì ― US-North Korea relations

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 祖父 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 祖父 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 爺爺, 阿公 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 爺, 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 爺, 爺爺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 爺爺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 爺爺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 爺爺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 爺, 爺爺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 爺爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 爺爺, 爺 non-face-to-face |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 爺, 把把 Hui |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 爺爺, 爺, 爺兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 爺爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 爺爺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 把把 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 爺爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 爺爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 爺爺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 爺爺, 阿爺 Hui, face-to-face |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 爺爺, 爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 爹爹, 爺爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 太爺, 老太爺, 爺爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 老爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 爺爺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 阿公, 公, 爺爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 爺爺, 把把 Hui |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 爹爹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 爹爹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 爹爹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 爹爹 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 阿爺, 爺爺 face-to-face |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 阿爺, 爺爺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 爺公 face-to-face, 阿公 non-face-to-face, 阿爺 non-face-to-face |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huangpu) | 公爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 吾蒙 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 爺爺 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 阿翁, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 翁 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 阿公, 公爹 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 爹, 阿爹 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 阿公, 爺爺 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 爺爺, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 阿公, 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 阿公 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 爸 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 阿爺 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 阿爺, 爺爺 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 阿爺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 公公, 爺爺 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 公, 公兒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 公公 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 公爹 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 公 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Changting | 公爹 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 公爹 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 公爹 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 爹 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 公公 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 公爹 non-face-to-face, 公公 face-to-face |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 公公 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 公公, 公 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 公, 公公 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 爹爹, 阿爹 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 公爹 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 爹爹 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 爹爹 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 阿爹, 阿公 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 公 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 阿公 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 阿公 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 朝, 阿朝 face-to-face |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 朝, 朝朝, 朝奉, 老奉 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 朝朝, 老朝兒 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 阿朝, 阿爹 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 老官 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 老兒 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 朝朝 |
| Huizhou | Fuliang | 公公, 大大 |
| Huizhou | Dexing | 老爹 |
| Huizhou | Jingde | 公公 |
| Huizhou | Shitai (Xianyu) | 大大 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 爺爺 non-face-to-face, 爺爺啊 face-to-face, 呀爺 face-to-face |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Linhe | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Jining | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Baotou | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 爺爺 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 爺爺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 公公, 爹爹, 老爹 face-to-face, 爺爺 new-style |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 阿公 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 家公 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 公仔 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 公 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 爹爹 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 爹爹 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 公爹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 依公, 公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 依公 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 阿公 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 依公 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 公 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 公 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 翁 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 阿翁 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 阿公 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 依公 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 阿公, 引公, 內公 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 俺公, 引公 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 阿公, 公 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 阿公, 咉公, 內公 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 公 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face; GT |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 阿公, 俺公 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 俺公 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 阿公, 公, 內公 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 俺公, 阿公, 內公 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 阿公, 公 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 內公 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 阿公 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 尼公, 祖公, 公 face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 公 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 爸 non-face-to-face, 公 non-face-to-face, 阿爸 face-to-face, 阿公 face-to-face |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 阿公 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 阿公 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 爹, 太公, 阿爹, 阿公 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 爹爹 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 翁 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 阿公 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 阿公 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 阿公 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 阿翁 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 公 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 公 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 老爹, 爺爺 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 裡公 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 阿爹 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 爺爺 |
| Wu | Danyang | 爺爺 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 爹爹, 爺爺, 阿爹 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 阿爺 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 阿爺, 祖公 non-face-to-face, 祖公爺 non-face-to-face |
| Wu | Jinhua | 爺爺 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 爹爹, 爺爺, 公公 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 公公, 公毑 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 阿公, 公公, 佳佳 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 公公 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 爺爺 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 爹爹 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified) |

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 朝(ちょう) (chō)
* → Korean: 조(朝) (jo)
* → Vietnamese: triều (朝)

#### Compounds

* 上朝 (shàngcháo)
* 三朝
* 三朝元老 (sāncháoyuánlǎo)
* 上朝取應 / 上朝取应
* 不朝
* 中朝
* 二朝廷
* 來朝 / 来朝
* 元朝 (Yuáncháo)
* 內朝 / 内朝
* 六朝 (Liùcháo)
* 公朝
* 六朝寫經 / 六朝写经
* 六朝脂粉
* 六朝金粉
* 前朝
* 勝朝 / 胜朝
* 勢傾朝野 / 势倾朝野
* 北朝 (Běicháo)
* 半朝鑾駕 / 半朝銮驾
* 南北朝 (Nán-Běi Cháo)
* 南朝 (Náncháo)
* 參朝 / 参朝
* 周朝 (Zhōucháo)
* 唐朝 (Tángcháo)
* 商朝 (Shāngcháo)
* 四腳朝天 / 四脚朝天 (sìjiǎocháotiān)
* 回朝 (huícháo)
* 國朝 / 国朝 (guócháo)
* 在朝 (zàicháo)
* 夏朝 (Xiàcháo)
* 大回朝
* 大隱朝市 / 大隐朝市
* 天朝 (Tiāncháo)
* 婆羅王朝 / 婆罗王朝
* 孔雀王朝 (Kǒngquè Wángcháo)
* 宋朝 (Sòngcháo)
* 小朝廷
* 屠牛朝歌
* 市朝
* 廟朝 / 庙朝
* 得勝回朝 / 得胜回朝
* 手背朝下
* 改朝換代 / 改朝换代 (gǎicháohuàndài)
* 新朝 (Xīncháo)
* 斷爛朝報 / 断烂朝报
* 早朝
* 明朝
* 晉朝 / 晋朝 (Jìncháo)
* 晏朝
* 朝代 (cháodài)
* 朝儀 / 朝仪 (cháoyí)
* 朝冶
* 朝向 (cháoxiàng)
* 朝報 / 朝报
* 朝士
* 朝天 (cháotiān)
* 朝天宮 / 朝天宫
* 朝天搗亂 / 朝天捣乱
* 朝天餛飩 / 朝天馄饨
* 朝天髻
* 朝奉 (cháofèng)
* 朝宗 (cháozōng)
* 朝寄
* 朝山 (cháoshān)
* 朝巾
* 朝市
* 朝帽
* 朝廷 (cháotíng)
* 朝憲 / 朝宪
* 朝房
* 朝拜 (cháobài)
* 朝政 (cháozhèng)
* 朝文 (Cháowén)
* 朝日 (zhāorì)
* 朝服 (cháofú)
* 朝望
* 朝柄
* 朝歌鼓刀
* 朝正
* 朝獻 / 朝献
* 朝班
* 朝珠 (cháozhū)
* 朝眾 / 朝众
* 朝綱 / 朝纲 (cháogāng)
* 朝考
* 朝聘
* 朝聖 / 朝圣 (cháoshèng)
* 朝臣 (cháochén)
* 朝衣
* 朝見 / 朝见 (cháojiàn)
* 朝覲 / 朝觐 (cháojìn)
* 朝議 / 朝议
* 朝貢 / 朝贡 (cháogòng)
* 朝賀 / 朝贺 (cháohè)
* 朝貴 / 朝贵 (cháoguì)
* 朝遷市變 / 朝迁市变
* 朝野 (cháoyě)
* 朝陽花 / 朝阳花 (cháoyánghuā)
* 朝隱 / 朝隐
* 朝頂 / 朝顶 (cháodǐng)
* 朝鮮 / 朝鲜
* 朝鮮半島 / 朝鲜半岛
* 朝鮮文 / 朝鲜文
* 朝鮮族 / 朝鲜族
* 朝鮮海峽 / 朝鲜海峡
* 朝鮮薊 / 朝鲜蓟
* 朝鮮語 / 朝鲜语
* 本朝 (běncháo)
* 東市朝衣 / 东市朝衣
* 東朝 / 东朝
* 歷朝 / 历朝 (lìcháo)
* 波旁王朝
* 滿朝 / 满朝 (mǎncháo)
* 漢朝 / 汉朝 (Hàncháo)
* 滿朝文武 / 满朝文武
* 熙朝 (xīcháo)
* 牝朝
* 王朝 (wángcháo)
* 班師回朝 / 班师回朝 (bānshīhuícháo)
* 當朝宰相 / 当朝宰相
* 登朝
* 百鳥朝鳳 / 百鸟朝凤 (bǎiniǎocháofèng)
* 皇朝 (huángcháo)
* 盤底朝天 / 盘底朝天
* 視朝 / 视朝
* 秦朝 (Qíncháo)
* 素面朝天 (sùmiàncháotiān)
* 聖朝 / 圣朝 (shèngcháo)
* 臨朝 / 临朝 (líncháo)
* 補掛朝珠 / 补挂朝珠
* 設朝升殿 / 设朝升殿
* 貴霜王朝 / 贵霜王朝
* 迦羅林朝 / 迦罗林朝
* 遼朝 / 辽朝 (Liáocháo)
* 金朝 (Jīncháo)
* 隋朝 (Suícháo)
* 頭朝裡 / 头朝里
* 鳴鳳朝陽 / 鸣凤朝阳
* 龔黃滿朝 / 龚黄满朝

### References

* ↑ 徐宝贵 (2007 July 15) “郭沫若《石鼓文研究》摹本及释文辨正”, in 考古学报 (in Chinese), numbers 2007-03, pages 313–338
* “朝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 朝 |
| Kyūjitai | 朝󠄁 朝+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 朝󠄃 朝+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC trjew, “morning”):
* Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
* Kun: あさ (asa, 朝, Jōyō)、あした (ashita, 朝)
* Nanori: とき (toki)、はじめ (hajime)
From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC drjew, “dynasty; imperial court; epoch”):
* Go-on: じょう (jō)
* Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
* Nanori: かた (kata)、さ (sa)、つと (tsuto)、とも (tomo)、のり (nori)

#### Compounds

* 朝臣(あそん) (ason)
* 朝(ちょう)鮮(せん) (Chōsen)
* 後朝(きぬぎぬ) (kinuginu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 朝
* あさ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *asa. Attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.
Historically, a day was split into two halves:
* Afternoon cycle: 朝 (asa) → 昼 (hiru) → 夕 (yū)
* Evening cycle: 夕べ (yūbe) → 宵 (yoi) → 夜中 (yonaka) → 暁 (akatsuki) → 朝 (ashita)
While asa and ashita represent the same time period, asa was associated with beginning of the afternoon and ashita was associated with the end of the night. Both terms share an initial as- and are likely etymologically related.
Beyond Japonic, possibly related to Middle Korean 아ᄎᆞᆷ〮 (àchóm, “morning”) > Korean 아침 (achim). Alexander Vovin believes this is a Koreanic borrowing into Japanese, identifying Japanese つとめて (tsutomete) as the native Japonic root for "morning" (Vovin 2010, p. 224).
* However, つとめて (tsutomete) is not attested until the late 800s or early 900s, and root 夙 (tsuto) as in 夙に (tsuto ni, “early in the morning”, adverb) not until roughly 850.
Alternatively, may be cognate with adjective 浅い (asai, “shallow; early”), verbs 浅せる (aseru, “to become shallow”) and 褪せる (aseru, “to fade, to become pale”).
* The concepts of "shallow" and "deep" are used in other respects relative to time, such as 夜更かし (yofukashi, “staying up late into the night”) and 夜更け (yofuke, “very late at night”), where the fuk- root in both terms is from 深い (fukai, “deep; late, long-lasting”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あさ [áꜜsà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [a̠sa̠]
* (Kyoto) あさ​ぁ [àsâ] (Teiki)
* Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
   * (the Kamakura period) LL
   * (the Edo period) LF
    ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌). ※ References:

#### Noun

朝(あさ) • (asa)
* the morning

##### Derived terms

* 朝(あさ)朝(あさ) (asāsa)
* 朝(あさ)寝(い) (asai)
* 朝(アサ)顔(ガオ) (asagao)
* 朝(あさ)立(た)つ (asatatsu)
* 朝(あさ)露(つゆ) (asatsuyu)
* 朝(あさ)付(づ)く日(ひ) (asazuku hi)
* 朝(あさ)な朝(あさ)な (asa na asa na)
* 朝(あさ)な日(け)に (asa na ke ni)
* 朝(あさ)な夕(ゆう)な (asa na yū na)
* 朝(あさ)寝(ね) (asane)
* 朝(あさ)日(ひ) (asahi)
* 朝(あさ)風(ぶ)呂(ろ) (asaburo)
* 朝(あさ)星(ぼし) (asaboshi)
* 朝(あさ)飯(めし) (asameshi)
* 朝(あさ)湯(ゆ) (asayu)
* 今(け)朝(さ) (kesa)
* 毎(まい)朝(あさ) (maiasa)
* 翌(よく)朝(あさ) (yokuasa)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 朝
* あした Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 晨 (morning)
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Historically, a day was split into two halves:
* Afternoon cycle: 朝 (asa) → 昼 (hiru) → 夕 (yū)
* Evening cycle: 夕べ (yūbe) → 宵 (yoi) → 夜中 (yonaka) → 暁 (akatsuki) → 朝 (ashita)
While asa and ashita represent the same time period, asa was associated with beginning of the afternoon and ashita was associated with the end of the night. Both terms share an initial as- and are likely etymologically related.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あした [àshítáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [a̠ɕita̠]
* (Kyoto) あした [áshítá] (Kōki – [0])
* Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
   * (the Heian period) LLL
   * (the Kamakura period) LLL
   * (the Muromachi period) HHH
   * (the Edo period) HHL or HHH
    ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌). ※ References:

#### Noun

朝(あした) • (ashita)
* (archaic) the morning, morn
* (archaic) the morrow, next morning

##### Derived terms

* 明日(あした) (ashita, “tomorrow”)
* 朝所(あいたんどころ) (aitandokoro)
* 朝(あした)の霜(しも) (ashita no shimo)
* 朝(あした)の露(つゆ) (ashita no tsuyu)
* 朝(あした)の原(はら) (ashita no hara)
* 朝(あした)の物(もの) (ashita no mono)
* 年(とし)の朝(あした) (toshi no ashita)
* 後(のち)の朝(あした) (nochi no ashita)
* またの朝(あした) (mata no ashita)
* 弥(み)勒(ろく)竜(りゅう)華(げ)の朝(あした) (Miroku ryūge no ashita)

##### Idioms

* 朝(あした)に星(ほし)をかずく (ashita ni hoshi o kazuku)
* 朝(あした)に夕(ゆう)べを謀(はか)らず (ashita ni yūbe o hakarazu)

##### Proverbs

* 朝(あした)には紅(こう)顔(がん)ありて夕(ゆう)べには白(はっ)骨(こつ)となる (ashita ni wa kōgan arite yūbe ni wa hakkotsu to naru)
* 朝(あした)に道(みち)を聞(き)かば夕(ゆう)べに死(し)すとも可(か)なり (ashita ni michi o kikaba yūbe ni shisu tomo ka nari)
* 朝(あした)の雲(くも)夕(ゆう)べの雨(あめ) (ashita no kumo yūbe no ame)
* 一(いち)日(にち)の計(けい)は朝(あさ)にあり、一(いち)年(ねん)の計(けい)は元(がん)旦(たん)にあり (ichinichi no kei wa asa ni ari, ichinen no kei wa gantan ni ari)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 朝
* ちょう Grade: 2
* on'yomi
/teu/ → /t͡ɕeu/ → /t͡ɕoː/
The “morning” and “Korea” senses are from Middle Chinese 朝 (MC trjew).
The “imperial court”, “dynasty”, and “epoch” senses are from Middle Chinese 朝 (MC drjew), using the 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) borrowing.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちょー [chóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ː]
* (Kyoto) ちょ​ー [chóꜜò] (Kōki)

#### Noun

朝(ちょう) • (chō)
* the morning
* an imperial court
* an imperial reign or dynasty
* a country governed by a monarch
* a bustling place, such as downtown

##### Derived terms

* 朝(ちょう)する (chōsuru)
* 朝(ちょう)礼(れい) (chōrei)
* 一(いっ)朝(ちょう) (itchō)
* 元(がん)朝(ちょう) (ganchō)
* 毎(まい)朝(ちょう) (maichō)
* 翌(よく)朝(ちょう) (yokuchō)

#### Suffix

朝(ちょう) • (-chō)
* dynasty
    ブルボン朝(ちょう) ― Burubon-chō ― the Bourbon Dynasty

##### Derived terms

* 元(げん)朝(ちょう) (Genchō)
* 唐(とう)朝(ちょう) (Tōchō)
* 奈良(なら)朝(ちょう) (Nara-chō)
* 明(みん)朝(ちょう) (Minchō)

#### Affix

朝(ちょう) • (chō)
* morning
* imperial court
* (by extension) Japan
* having an audience with the emperor
* dynasty, regime
* (by extension) epoch, period
* Short for 朝鮮 (Chōsen): Korea, specifically short for 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国 (Chōsen Minshu Shugi Jinmin Kyōwakoku): Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)

##### Derived terms

* 朝(ちょう)朝(ちょう) (chōchō)
* 朝(ちょう)食(しょく) (chōshoku)
* 朝(ちょう)賀(が) (chōga)
* 朝(ちょう)刊(かん) (chōkan, “morning newspaper”)
* 朝(ちょう)議(ぎ) (chōgi)
* 朝(ちょう)見(けん) (chōken)
* 朝(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
* 朝(ちょう)臣(しん) (chōshin)
* 朝(ちょう)夕(せき) (chōseki)
* 朝(ちょう)旦(たん) (chōtan)
* 朝(ちょう)廷(てい) (chōtei)
* 朝(ちょう)野(や) (chōya)
* 王(おう)朝(ちょう) (ōchō)
* 帰(き)朝(ちょう) (kichō)
* 後(ご)朝(ちょう) (gochō)
* 後(こう)朝(ちょう) (kōchō)
* 今(こん)朝(ちょう) (konchō)
* 参(さん)朝(ちょう) (sanchō)
* 早(そう)朝(ちょう) (sōchō)
* 天(てん)朝(ちょう) (tenchō)
* 日(にっ)朝(ちょう) (Nitchō)
* 入(にゅう)朝(ちょう) (nyūchō)
* 本(ほん)朝(ちょう) (honchō)
* 明(みょう)朝(ちょう) (myōchō)
* 来(らい)朝(ちょう) (raichō)
* 歴(れき)朝(ちょう) (rekichō)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1093 (paper), page 597 (digital)
* 1 2 3 4 “あさ 【朝】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ “つとめ‐て”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ “つと‐に 【夙─】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ “あさ・い 【浅】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* 1 2 Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 “あした 【朝・明日】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* 1 2 “ちょう［テウ］ 【朝】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC trjew).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 됴ᇢ (Yale: tyow) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 됴 (tywo)$^訓$ (Yale: tyo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [조]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 朝 (eumhun 아침 조 (achim jo))
* Hanja form of 조 (“morning; day”).
* Hanja form of 조 (“Joseon”).

#### Compounds

* 조례(朝禮) (jorye)
* 조석(朝夕) (joseok)
* 조선(朝鮮) (Joseon)
* 조식(朝食) (josik)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC drjew).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 뚀ᇢ (Yale: ttyow) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 됴 (tywo)$^訓$ (Yale: tyo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [조]

#### Hanja

朝 (eumhun 조정(朝廷) 조)
* Hanja form of 조 (“dynasty; imperial court”).

#### Compounds

* 왕조(王朝) (wangjo)
* 조정(朝廷) (jojeong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ちょー (chō)
* Kun: あさ (asa, 朝, Jōyō)

## Old Japanese
### Compounds

* 朝臣 (aso$_2$mi$_1$), 朝臣 (aso$_2$)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *asa.
The as- stem refers to “the morning” or “after the dawn”, possibly cognate with or an apophonic form of 明日 (asu, “tomorrow”).

#### Noun

朝 (asa) (kana あさ)
* the morning, morn
    Antonym: 夕 (yupu)

##### Derived terms

* 朝寢 (asai)
* 朝影 (asakage$_2$)
* 朝柏 (asakasipa)
* 朝霞 (asakasumi$_1$)
* 朝風 (asakaze)
* 朝川 (asakapa)
* 朝顏 (asagapo)
* 朝髮の (asakami$_1$ no$_2$)
* 朝烏 (asagarasu)
* 朝狩り (asagari)
* 朝霧 (asagi$_2$ri)
* 朝雲 (asakumo)
* 朝明け (asake$_2$)
* 朝東風 (*asago$_2$ti)
* 朝毎 (asago$_2$to$_2$)
* 朝去らず (asa sarazu)
* 朝霜 (asasimo)
* 朝立つ (asatatu)
* 朝月の (asaduki$_2$ no$_2$)
* 朝月夜 (asadukuyo$_1$)
* 朝妻 (asaduma)
* 朝露 (asatuyu)
* 朝戸 (asato$_1$)
* 朝床 (asado$_2$ko$_2$)
* 朝鳥の (asato$_2$ri no$_2$)
* 朝菜 (asana)
* 朝凪 (asanagi$_1$)
* 朝な朝な (asa na 'sa na)
* 朝に日に (asa ni ke$_2$ ni)
* 朝寢髪 (asanegami$_1$)
* 朝羽振る (asapapuru)
* 朝日 (asapi$_1$)
* 朝開き (asabi$_1$raki$_1$)
* 朝宮 (asami$_1$ya)
* 朝宵 (asayo$_2$pi$_1$)
* 今朝 (ke$_1$sa)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 朝 (asa)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Japonic *asita.
Possibly from 朝 (asa, “morning”, see above) +‎ た (ta, “direction, side”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Noun

朝 (asita) (kana あした)
* the morrow, next morning
    Antonym: 夕へ (yupupe$_1$)

##### Derived terms

* 朝夕へ (asitayupupe$_1$)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 朝, 明日 (ashita)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

朝: Hán Nôm readings: triều, chầu, chào, tràu, trều, triêu, chiều, giàu, giầu, trào
* Related to chầu (“to attend an audience; to attend upon (in design)”). (Nguyễn Văn Khang. Từ ngoại lai trong tiếng Việt, 2007)

#### Readings

* Nôm: chào, chầu, chiều, chìu, dèo, giàu, trào, trèo, triêu, triều

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville