# 今

| 今 | U+4ECA, &#20170; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECA |
| ← 仉 [U+4EC9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 介 → [U+4ECB] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* In all regions except mainland China, the stroke between 𠆢 and ㇇ for 今 (and its derived characters) is written with a horizontal 一 line.
* In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing standardized form), the stroke between 𠆢 and ㇇ for 今 (and its derived characters) is written with a slanting 丶 dot instead.
* In the historical Kangxi dictionary, the component below 𠆢 is written 一 followed by 𠃍 instead.

### Han character

今 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓 (OIN) or 人一弓 (OMN), four-corner 8020$_7$, composition ⿱亽㇇(G) or ⿱亼㇇(HTJKV))

#### Derived characters

* 仱, 吟, 坅, 妗, 岒, 忴, 扲, 汵, 昑, 肣, 枔, 㲐, 玪, 𥄯, 矜, 砛, 紟(𫄛), 耹, 𦧈, 䑤, 蚙, 衿, 訡, 赺, 趻, 軡, 鈐(钤), 䩂, 靲, 䪩, 䰼, 鹶, 黅, 黔, 霒, 䶃, 䶖, 㪁, 欦, 雂, 鳹, 㕂, 岑, 庈, 芩, 笒, 棽, 琴, 含, 念, 侌, 𠉞, 衾, 貪(贪), 酓, 霠, 𩃬

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 358
* Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 105, character 5
* Unihan data for U+4ECA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 今 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj12838j12839j12840j12841j12842j12843j12844j12845j12846j12847j12848j12849j12850j12851j12852j12853j12854j12856j12857j12858j12859j12860j12861j12862j12863j12864j12865j12866j12867j12868j12869j12870j12871j12872j12873j12874j12875j12876j12877j12878j12879j12880j12881j12882j12883j12884j12885j12886j12887j12888j12889j12890j12891j12892j12893j12894j12895j12896j12897j12898j12899j12900j12901j12902j12903j12904j12905j12906j12907j12908j12909j12910j12911j12912j12914j12915j12916j12917j12918j12919j12920j12921j12922j12923j12924j12925j12926j12927j12928j12929j12930j12931j12932j12933j12934j12935j12936j12937j12938j12939j12940j12941j12942j12943j12944j12945j12946j12947j12948j12949j12950j12951j12952j12953j12954j12955j12956j12957j12958j12959j12960j12961j12962j12963j12964j12965j12966j12967j12968j12969j12970j12971j12972j12973j12974j12975j12976j12977j12978j12979j12980j12981j12982j12983j12984j12985j12986j12987j12988j12989j12990j12991j12992j12993j12994j12995j12996j12997j12998j12999j13000j13001j13002j13003j13004j13005j13006j13007j13008j13009j13010j13011j13012j13013j13014j13015j13016j13017j13018j13019j13020j13021j13022j13023j13024Bronze inscriptionsb08008b08009b08010b08011b08012b08013b08014b08015b08016b08017b08018b08019b08020b08021b08022b08023b08024b08025b08026b08027b08028b08029Small seal scripts03768Transcribed ancient scriptsL12486L12487L12488L12489L12490L12491L12492L12493L12494L12495L12496L12497 ||||||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
| 嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
| 僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
| 酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
| 馠 | *qʰɯːm |
| 谽 | *qʰɯːm |
| 唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
| 含 | *ɡɯːm |
| 肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 筨 | *ɡɯːm |
| 梒 | *ɡɯːm |
| 鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
| 莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
| 琀 | *ɡɯːms |
| 浛 | *ɡɯːms |
| 盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
| 韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
| 玪 | *krɯːm |
| 妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
| 欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
| 黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 鈐 | *ɡram |
| 鳹 | *ɡram |
| 雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 念 | *nɯːms |
| 梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
| 枔 | *sɢrɯm |
| 岑 | *sɡrɯm |
| 笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
| 涔 | *sɡrɯm |
| 侺 | *ɡjɯms |
| 今 | *krɯm |
| 黅 | *krɯm |
| 衿 | *krɯm |
| 衾 | *kʰrɯm |
| 坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 搇 | *kʰrɯms |
| 琴 | *ɡrɯm |
| 禽 | *ɡrɯm |
| 芩 | *ɡrɯm |
| 庈 | *ɡrɯm |
| 耹 | *ɡrɯm |
| 靲 | *ɡrɯm |
| 擒 | *ɡrɯm |
| 檎 | *ɡrɯm |
| 紟 | *ɡrɯms |
| 吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
| 訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
| 陰 | *qrɯm |
| 霠 |
| 飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
| 蔭 | *qrɯms |
| 廕 | *qrɯms |
| 矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Ideogram (指事) – An inverted 曰 (yuē) ("to speak"), hence 亼 with a horizontal stroke at the bottom, so the inverted mouth means "not to speak".
Another theory suggests that it depicts something in the mouth. Maybe the original form of 噤 (OC *ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms) or 吟 (OC *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms). The derivative 含 (OC *ɡɯːm) refers to the original word.

### Etymology 1

Etymology not clear. The word's root may be 其 (OC *ɡɯ, “this”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jīn (jin$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jǐn
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җин (žin, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gam$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gam$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gim$^1$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): giem$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jin$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kîm
    (Hailu, HRS): gim$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gim$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gíng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kin / kim
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gim$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gim$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gam$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$cin
** (Jinhua): $^1$cin
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin$^1$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): jin$^1$ / din$^1$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): jin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jin
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^1$
*** Yale: jīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (今兒 / 今儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīnr
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jinr
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: jīnr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiel
*** Palladius: цзиньр (czinʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiə̯ɻ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jin$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: jǐn
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җин (žin, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^1$
*** Yale: gām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: gam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kim³³/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: giem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiɛm³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: gim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gim$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kim⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gíng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ging
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kin / kim
*** Tâi-lô: kin / kim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kyn, kym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kin⁴⁴/, /kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kin³³/, /kim³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁴⁴/, /kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kin⁴⁴/, /kim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴⁴/, /kim⁴⁴/
* kin - vernacular;
* kim - literary.
* Middle Chinese: kim
Rime :
| Character | 今 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居吟切 |
| Baxter | kim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kjim/ |
| Li Rong | /kjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]r[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 今 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kim › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]r[ə]m/ |
| English | now |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 今 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6599 |
| Phonetic component | 今 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 金 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯm/ |
| Notes | 文源謂含初文 |

#### Definitions

今
* now; at present; current
    今天 ― jīntiān ― the current day; today
    從今以後／从今以后 ― cóngjīnyǐhòu ― from now onwards.
    Synonym: 現在 / 现在
* modern times
    古往今來／古往今来 ― gǔwǎngjīnlái ― from ancient to modern times.
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Wáng zhī hào yuè shèn, zé guó qí shù jǐ hū. Jīn zhī yuè, yóu gǔ zhī yuè yě. [Pinyin]
    If your Majesty's love of music were very great, Qi would be near to a state of good government! The music of the present day is just like the music of antiquity, as regards effecting that.
    Synonym: 現代 / 现代 (xiàndài)
    Antonym: 古
* this
    今夏 ― jīn xià ― this summer
    今次 [Cantonese] ― gam$^1$ ci$^3$ [Jyutping] ― this time
    Synonyms: 此 (cǐ), 這 / 这
* (literary) thus; promptly
    From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
    Zǐ wèi wǒ fǎn, wú jiàn wáng yǐ. Shírì zhī nèi, shù wàn zhī zhòng, jīn shè wèi jìng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Synonyms: 即, 立刻 (lìkè)
* (literary) if
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Cǐ wú tā, yǔ mín tóng yuè yě. Jīn wáng yǔ bǎixìng tóng yuè, zé wàng yǐ. [Pinyin]
    Their feeling thus is from no other reason but that you cause them to have their pleasure as you have yours. If your Majesty now will make pleasure a thing common to the people and yourself, the royal sway awaits you.
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Jīn liǎng hǔ gòng dòu, qí shì bù jù shēng. [Pinyin]
    If we (the two tigers) fight against one another, it is certainly not possible that both of us will survive.
    Synonyms: 若, 假如 (jiǎrú)
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 當今, 此時, 方今, 今朝, 如今, 而今, 今$_1$, 茲, 乃今, 於今 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 現在, 現今, 現時, 當今, 此時, 此刻, 如今, 而今, 茲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 現在, 現而今, 如今晚兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 現在, 現如今, 現下, 現前兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 現在 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 現如今, 當下 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 現在, 如今, 現如今 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 這時晚兒, 現時晚兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 現在, 而今, 現如今 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 人根, 移根 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 致兒, 現在 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 眼今, 眼是, 腳底下, 現如今, 現而今 dated, 至而今 dated |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 現在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 現在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 賈 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 眼下, 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 這陣子, 這陣, 這下兒, 這個時候, 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 如今, 此如今 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 這下, 這崗, 掌, 這歇, 這個時候 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 一寁 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 現在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 現在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 而今, 如今 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 而家, 家下, 家陣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 而家, 家下, 家陣, 而家下 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 那下 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 該時 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 家下, 那下 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 果陣 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 個陣 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 而家, 而卡 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 家陣, 而家 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 而家 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 現在, 如今 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 該行崽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 該仔, 如今 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 今下, 今仔下, 現下 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 如下 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Tangkeng) | 今$_1$ |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Fengliang) | 今時 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Pantian) | 今子 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Changting | 如今 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 今下 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 今$_1$ |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 已久 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 今子 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 如今 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 如今, 今下子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 今底 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 這下, 現下, 今下, 今時, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 這下, 現下, 今嘎, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 這下, 現下, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 這下, 現下, 今這下, 這滿 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 這下, 現下, 今這下, 今下, 今時 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 這下, 現時, 今這下, 這滿 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 今下 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 今下, 今下子, 今下仔 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 呢下 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 爾歇 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 爾扎兒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 如今, 而今 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 現時 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 現在 |
| Jin | Linhe | 這咱會兒 |
| Jin | Jining | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Baotou | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 如今 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 迦今, 今迦, 現刻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 迦 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 迦 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 今下 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 迦, 今下 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 現時, 現刻, 現在, 現今, 仱, 今旦日 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 現時 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 現在, 仱 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 足古 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 這陣, 這滿, 這輒仔, 這輒, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 今$_2$, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 這陣, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 現當今, 今$_2$, 際, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 這陣, 這久, 現時, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 這陣, 這輒仔, 這輒, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 現主在, 現在, 現曾, 今$_2$, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 現主清 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 這陣, 這馬, 現在 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 今$_2$, 這時, 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 今$_2$, 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 這陣, 這馬, 這路尾 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 這馬, 這陣 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 今$_2$, 這時, 這陣, 這馬, 這站, 現主時, 現這馬, 現步 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 這陣 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 這陣, 今$_2$, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 今仔, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 這陣, 這時, 當今, 這久, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 這陣, 現時, 現在, 現主時, 這際, 這時 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 此在, 現在, 現時, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 現在, 現時, 只陣, 只回, 此在, 眼在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 此在, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 此在, 只時, 只回, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 現在 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 只陣, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 只旦 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 現旦 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 今$_2$, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 今$_2$, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 而今 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 現在, 乃, 葛歇, 搿歇, 搿個辰光, 迭歇, 迭個辰光 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 那末 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 現在, 姑歇, 哀歇, 該歇 |
| Wu | Danyang | 格歇候, 格娘收, 現在 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 記歇 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 恁界, 恁仰界 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 格孑 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 如今, 如至今, 如嶄, 現在 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 咯如在 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 而界, 如今 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 侯基 |

#### Compounds

* 不今不古
* 乃今 (nǎijīn)
* 事到如今 (shìdàorújīn)
* 于今 (yújīn)
* 于今為烈
* 亙古亙今 / 亘古亘今
* 今上 (jīnshàng)
* 今下 (jīnxià)
* 今上官家
* 今不如昔 (jīnbùrúxī)
* 今且
* 今世 (jīnshì)
* 今世說 / 今世说
* 今人 (jīnrén)
* 今代
* 今來 / 今来
* 今來古往 / 今来古往
* 今個 / 今个 (jīngè)
* 今兒 / 今儿 (jīnr)
* 今兒個 / 今儿个 (jīnrgè)
* 今典
* 今分
* 今古 (jīngǔ)
* 今古奇觀 / 今古奇观
* 今古學派 / 今古学派
* 今回
* 今士
* 今夕 (jīnxī)
* 今夕何夕
* 今夜 (jīnyè)
* 今夫 (jīnfú)
* 今天
* 今字 (jīnzì)
* 今學 / 今学
* 今宵 (jīnxiāo)
* 今年 (jīnnián)
* 今律
* 今後 / 今后 (jīnhòu)
* 今愁古恨
* 今接輿 / 今接舆
* 今故
* 今文 (jīnwén)
* 今文學 / 今文学
* 今文家
* 今文尚書 / 今文尚书
* 今文經 / 今文经
* 今文經學 / 今文经学
* 今日 (jīnrì)
* 今日事，今日畢 / 今日事，今日毕 (jīnrì shì, jīnrì bì)
* 今日個 / 今日个
* 今日箇 / 今日个
* 今旦 (jīndàn)
* 今早 (jīnzǎo)
* 今昔 (jīnxī)
* 今昔之感
* 今是昔非
* 今是昨非
* 今時 / 今时
* 今晚 (jīnwǎn)
* 今曏 / 今向
* 今月 (jīnyuè)
* 今月古月
* 今有術 / 今有术
* 今朝 (jīnzhāo)
* 今本 (jīnběn)
* 今樣 / 今样
* 今次 (jīncì)
* 今歲 / 今岁
* 今段
* 今王
* 今生 (jīnshēng)
* 今生今世 (jīnshēngjīnshì)
* 今番 (jīnfān)
* 今草
* 今茲 / 今兹 (jīnzī)
* 今董狐
* 今蚤
* 今蟬蛻殼 / 今蝉蜕壳
* 今語 / 今语
* 今譯 / 今译 (jīnyì)
* 今隸 / 今隶
* 今雨
* 今非昔比 (jīnfēixībǐ)
* 今音 (jīnyīn)
* 今韻 / 今韵
* 今體 / 今体
* 今體詩 / 今体诗
* 以古制今
* 以古方今
* 以古非今
* 來今 / 来今
* 修今
* 借古諷今 / 借古讽今 (jiègǔfěngjīn)
* 傍今
* 傷今 / 伤今
* 傳譽古今 / 传誉古今
* 其今
* 冠絕古今 / 冠绝古今
* 凡今
* 博古知今
* 博古通今 (bógǔtōngjīn)
* 博覽古今 / 博览古今
* 即今 (jíjīn)
* 厚今薄古
* 厚古薄今 (hòugǔbójīn)
* 去來今 / 去来今
* 及今
* 只今 (zhǐjīn)
* 古今 (gǔjīn)
* 古今中外 (gǔjīnzhōngwài)
* 古今兒 / 古今儿
* 古今小說 / 古今小说
* 古今少有
* 古今注
* 古今絕色 / 古今绝色
* 古往今來 / 古往今来 (gǔwǎngjīnlái)
* 古為今用 / 古为今用
* 古爲今用 / 古为今用
* 如今 (rújīn)
* 如今晚兒 / 如今晚儿
* 尊古卑今
* 居今稽古
* 引古喻今
* 引古證今 / 引古证今
* 往古來今 / 往古来今
* 從今 / 从今 (cóngjīn)
* 從今以後 / 从今以后 (cóngjīn yǐhòu)
* 從古至今 / 从古至今
* 感今思昔
* 感今惟昔
* 感今懷昔 / 感今怀昔
* 慕古薄今
* 指古摘今
* 援古刺今
* 援古證今 / 援古证今
* 撫今思昔 / 抚今思昔
* 撫今悼昔 / 抚今悼昔
* 撫今痛昔 / 抚今痛昔
* 撫今追昔 / 抚今追昔 (fǔjīnzhuīxī)
* 攀今吊古
* 攀今弔古 / 攀今吊古
* 攀今掉古
* 攀今攬古 / 攀今揽古
* 攀今比昔
* 攀今覽古 / 攀今览古
* 方今 (fāngjīn)
* 於今 / 于今 (yújīn)
* 日今
* 是今
* 是古非今
* 昨非今是 (zuófēijīnshì)
* 時今 / 时今
* 暨今 (jìjīn)
* 格古通今
* 極古窮今 / 极古穷今
* 榮古虐今 / 荣古虐今
* 榮古陋今 / 荣古陋今
* 泥古非今
* 洞鑒古今 / 洞鉴古今
* 演古勸今 / 演古劝今
* 為今之計 / 为今之计
* 現今 / 现今 (xiànjīn)
* 現如今 / 现如今 (xiànrújīn)
* 現而今 / 现而今 (xiàn'érjīn)
* 當今 / 当今 (dāngjīn)
* 當今無輩 / 当今无辈
* 目今 (mùjīn)
* 知今博古
* 知古今
* 知古今兒 / 知古今儿
* 知往鑒今 / 知往鉴今
* 祗今
* 秪今
* 稽古振今
* 稽古揆今
* 空古絕今 / 空古绝今
* 競今疏古 / 竞今疏古
* 繼古開今 / 继古开今
* 而今 (érjīn)
* 而今而後 / 而今而后
* 自今 (zìjīn)
* 至今 (zhìjīn)
* 舊雨今雨 / 旧雨今雨
* 茹古涵今
* 行古志今
* 見今 / 见今
* 見如今 / 见如今
* 訖今 / 讫今
* 說今道古 / 说今道古
* 說古談今 / 说古谈今
* 說古道今 / 说古道今 (shuōgǔdàojīn)
* 論今說古 / 论今说古
* 談今論古 / 谈今论古
* 談古說今 / 谈古说今
* 談古論今 / 谈古论今
* 講古論今 / 讲古论今
* 貫穿今古 / 贯穿今古
* 貴古賤今 / 贵古贱今
* 貽範古今 / 贻范古今
* 起今
* 超今冠古
* 超今絕古 / 超今绝古
* 超今越古
* 超古冠今
* 越古超今
* 迄今 (qìjīn)
* 近今
* 迺今
* 通今 (tōngjīn)
* 通今博古
* 通今達古 / 通今达古
* 通古博今
* 透古通今
* 邁古超今 / 迈古超今
* 酌古准今
* 酌古參今 / 酌古参今
* 酌古御今
* 酌古斟今
* 酌古沿今
* 酌古準今 / 酌古准今
* 鎔今鑄古 / 镕今铸古
* 鎔古鑄今 / 镕古铸今
* 鑑古推今 / 鉴古推今
* 鑠古切今 / 铄古切今
* 陳古刺今 / 陈古刺今
* 隆古賤今 / 隆古贱今
* 雕今
* 震古鑠今 / 震古铄今
* 非昔是今
* 頌古非今 / 颂古非今 (sònggǔfēijīn)
* 黑索今

### Etymology 2

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from 當／当? or cognate with Eastern Min 仱?”

#### Pronunciation

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): da$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): taⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dan$^1$ / da$^1$
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: da$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: daⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /ta⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: taⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dvaf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tã³³/
*** IPA (Longyan): /tã³³⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dan$^1$ / da$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: taⁿ / ta
*** Sinological IPA : /tã³³/, /ta³³/

#### Definitions

今
* (Southern Min, Puxian Min) now
    1886, Lim Hiong Seng, Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular, Singapore: Koh Yew Hean Press, page 36:今。爾着憶得 Taⁿ, lṳ́ tiéh it-tit今汝著憶得／今汝著忆得 [Teochew] ― dan$^1$, le$^2$ diêh$^8$ êg$^4$ dig$^4$ [Peng'im] ― Now, you must remember
* (Southern Min) then; in that case
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) nowadays

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 當今, 此時, 方今, 今朝, 如今, 而今, 今$_1$, 茲, 乃今, 於今 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 現在, 現今, 現時, 當今, 此時, 此刻, 如今, 而今, 茲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 現在, 現而今, 如今晚兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 現在, 現如今, 現下, 現前兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 現在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 現在 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 現如今, 當下 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 現在, 如今, 現如今 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 這時晚兒, 現時晚兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 現在, 而今, 現如今 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 人根, 移根 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 致兒, 現在 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 眼今, 眼是, 腳底下, 現如今, 現而今 dated, 至而今 dated |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 現在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 現在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 賈 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 眼下, 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 這陣子, 這陣, 這下兒, 這個時候, 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 如今, 此如今 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 這下, 這崗, 掌, 這歇, 這個時候 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 現在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 一寁 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 現在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 現在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 而今, 如今 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 而家, 家下, 家陣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 而家, 家下, 家陣, 而家下 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 那下 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 該時 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 家下, 那下 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 果陣 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 個陣 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 而家, 而卡 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 家陣, 而家 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 而家 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 而家 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 現在, 如今 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 該行崽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 該仔, 如今 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 今下, 今仔下, 現下 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 如下 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Tangkeng) | 今$_1$ |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Fengliang) | 今時 |
| Hakka | Fengshun (Pantian) | 今子 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Changting | 如今 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 今下 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 今$_1$ |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 已久 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 今子 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 如今 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 如今, 今下子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 今底 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 如今 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 這下, 現下, 今下, 今時, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 這下, 現下, 今嘎, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 這下, 現下, 今這下 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 這下, 現下, 今這下, 這滿 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 這下, 現下, 今這下, 今下, 今時 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 這下, 現時, 今這下, 這滿 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 今下 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 今下, 今下子, 今下仔 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 今下 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 呢下 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 爾歇 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 爾扎兒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 如今, 而今 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 現時 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 現在 |
| Jin | Linhe | 這咱會兒 |
| Jin | Jining | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Baotou | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 這會兒 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 如今 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 迦今, 今迦, 現刻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 迦 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 迦 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 今下 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 迦, 今下 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 現時, 現刻, 現在, 現今, 仱, 今旦日 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 現時 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 現在, 仱 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 足古 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 這陣, 這滿, 這輒仔, 這輒, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 今$_2$, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 這陣, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 現當今, 今$_2$, 際, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 這陣, 這久, 現時, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 這陣, 這輒仔, 這輒, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 現主在, 現在, 現曾, 今$_2$, 這氣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 現主清 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 這陣, 這馬, 現在 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 今$_2$, 這時, 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 今$_2$, 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 這陣, 這馬, 這路尾 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 這馬, 這陣 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 今$_2$, 這時, 這陣, 這馬, 這站, 現主時, 現這馬, 現步 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 這陣, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 這陣 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 這陣, 今$_2$, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 今仔, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 這陣, 這時, 當今, 這久, 這馬 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 這陣, 現時, 現在, 現主時, 這際, 這時 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 此在, 現在, 現時, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 現在, 現時, 只陣, 只回, 此在, 眼在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 此在, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 此在, 只時, 只回, 只陣 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 現在 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 只陣, 當今 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 只旦 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 現旦 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 現旦 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 今$_2$, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 今$_2$, 現時 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 今$_2$, 即下, 現時 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 而今 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 現在, 乃, 葛歇, 搿歇, 搿個辰光, 迭歇, 迭個辰光 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 那末 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 現在, 姑歇, 哀歇, 該歇 |
| Wu | Danyang | 格歇候, 格娘收, 現在 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 記歇 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 恁界, 恁仰界 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 格孑 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 如今, 如至今, 如嶄, 現在 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 咯如在 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 而界, 如今 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 侯基 |

#### Compounds

* 今仔
* 今才
* 到今
* 從到今 / 从到今

### References

* “今”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Alternative forms

* 𫝆

### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* now; at present

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
* Kun: いま (ima, 今, Jōyō)
* Nanori: な (na)

#### Compounds

* 今日(きょう) (kyō): today
* 今(きん)上(じょう) (kinjō)
* 今朝(けさ) (kesa): this morning
* 今年(ことし) (kotoshi): this year
* 今宵(こよい) (koyoi): tonight; this evening
* 今(こん)夏(か) (konka)
* 今(こん)回(かい) (konkai): this time; lately
* 今(こん)期(き) (konki)
* 今(こん)暁(ぎょう) (kongyō)
* 今(こん)月(げつ) (kongetsu): this month
* 今(こん)古(こ) (konko)
* 今(こん)後(ご) (kongo): from now on
* 今(こん)国(こっ)会(かい) (konkokkai)
* 今(こん)次(じ) (konji)
* 今(こん)昔(じゃく) (konjaku)
* 今(こん)週(しゅう) (konshū): this week
* 今(こん)秋(しゅう) (konshū)
* 今(こん)春(しゅん) (konshun)
* 今(こん)生(じょう) (konjō)
* 今(こん)人(じん) (konjin)
* 今(こん)世(せい)紀(き) (konseiki)
* 今(こん)是(ぜ)昨(さく)非(ひ) (konzesakuhi)
* 今(こん)度(ど) (kondo): this time; recent; previous; another
* 今(こん)冬(とう) (kontō)
* 今(こん)晩(ばん) (konban): tonight; this evening
* 今(こん)般(ぱん) (konpan)
* 今(こん)明(みょう)日(にち) (konmyōnichi)
* 今(こん)夜(や) (kon'ya)
* 今(こん)夕(ゆう) (kon'yū)
* 今世界

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 今
* いま Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *ima.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いま [íꜜmà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ima̠]
* (Kyoto) いま [ìmá] (Teiki – [0])
* Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
   * (the Heian period) LH
   * (the Kamakura period) LH
   * (the Muromachi period) LH
   * (the Edo period) LH
    ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌). ※ References:

### Adverb

今(いま) • (ima)
* now
* just now
* soon
    Synonyms: すぐ (sugu, “soon”), すぐに (sugu ni, “immediately”)

### Noun

今(いま) • (ima)
* now; present
    今(いま)を生(い)きる
       ima o ikiru
       live in the now
    今(いま)はもうない。
       Ima wa mō nai.
       It does not exist any more.
       (literally, “now it is already none”)
* just now
    Synonym: さっき
    今(いま)の声(こえ)
       ima no koe
       that voice just now
    なんだったんだろう、今(いま)の。
       Nan datta n darō, ima no.
       What was that just now…?

#### Synonyms

* 現在(げんざい) (genzai)

#### Derived terms

* 今(いま)一(いち)度(ど) (ima ichido): once more
* 今(いま)々(いま) (imaima), 今(いま)今(いま) (imaima)
* 今(いま)思(おも)うと (ima omōto)
* 今(いま)が今(いま)まで (ima ga ima made): up to this very moment
* 今(いま)方(がた) (imagata)
* 今(いま)川(がわ)焼(やき) (Imagawayaki)
* 今(いま)頃(ごろ), 今(いま)ごろ (imagoro): around this time
* 今(いま)更(さら) (imasara)
* 今(いま)し方(がた) (imashigata)
* 今(いま)直(す)ぐ (imasugu)
* 今(いま)少(すこ)し (imasukoshi)
* 今(いま)出(で)来(き) (imadeki)
* 今(いま)では (ima de wa)
* 今(いま)道(どう)心(しん) (ima dōshin)
* 今(いま)時(どき), 今(いま)どき (imadoki): these days
* 今(いま)尚(なお) (imanao)
* 今(いま)の所(ところ) (ima no tokoro)
* 今(いま)一(ひと)つ (ima hitotsu): one more; another; slightly lacking
* 今(いま)風(ふう) (ima fū)
* 今(いま)程(ほど) (ima hodo)
* 今(いま)まで (ima made), 今(いま)迄(まで) (ima made): until now; so far
* 今(いま)村(むら) (Imamura)
* 今(いま)めかしい (ima mekashī)
* 今(いま)めかす (ima mekasu)
* 今(いま)もって (ima motte)
* 今(いま)や (imaya): nowadays
* 今(いま)や遅(おそ)しと (imaya ososhi to)
* 今(いま)様(よう) (imayō)
* 今(いま)際(わ) (imawa)
* 中(なか)今(いま) (nakaima, “the present; as a privileged moment in eternity”)

### Prefix

今(こん) • (kon-)
* (temporal) this
    今(こん)世(せい)紀(き)最(さい)大(だい)の危(き)機(き)
       kon-seiki saidai no kiki
       greatest danger of this century
    今(こん)シーズン
       kon-shīzun
       this season

### Proper noun

今(こん) • (Kon)
* a surname

### References

* 1 2 3 4 “いま 【今】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 今 (MC kim). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿱𠆢𬼽/금 (kum) (Yale: kum) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kɯm]
* Phonetic hangul: [금]

### Hanja

Wikisource 今 (eumhun 이제 금 (ije geum))
* (literary) Hanja form of 금 (“this”).
* (literary) Hanja form of 금 (“now; at present”).
** 1919, 기미 독립 선언서(己未獨立宣言書) (gimi dongnip seoneonseo) [Proclamation of Korean Independence]:痛苦(통고)를 甞(상)한 지 今(금)에 十年(십년)을 過(과)한지라 […]tonggoreul sanghan ji geume simnyeoneul gwahanjiraWe have now suffered for a decade […]

#### Compounds

* 고금(古今) (gogeum)
* 금기(今期) (geumgi)
* 금년(今年) (geumnyeon)
* 금대(今代) (geumdae)
* 금래(今來) (geumnae)
* 금명(今明) (geummyeong)
* 금반(今般) (geumban)
* 금방(今方) (geumbang)
* 금번(今番) (geumbeon)
* 금석(今夕) (geumseok)
* 금세(今世) (geumse)
* 금세(今歲) (geumse)
* 금세기(今世紀) (geumsegi)
* 금시(今時) (geumsi)
* 금시초문(今始初聞) (geumsichomun)
* 금야(今夜) (geumya)
* 금월(今月) (geumwol)
* 금일(今日) (geumil)
* 금조(今朝) (geumjo)
* 금주(今週) (geumju)
* 금차(今次) (geumcha)
* 금효(今曉) (geumhyo)
* 금후(今後) (geumhu)
* 당금(當今) (danggeum)
* 목금(目今) (mokgeum)
* 방금(方今) (banggeum)
* 상금(尙今) (sanggeum)
* 작금(昨今) (jakgeum)
* 즉금(卽今) (jeukgeum)
* 지금(只今) (jigeum)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

今: Hán Việt readings: kim, câm (居(cư)吟(ngâm)切(thiết))
今: Nôm readings: kim, câm, căm, cầm, ngấm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).