# 南方
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): nánfāng
       (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nan$^2$ fang$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нанфон (nanfon, I-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): naam$^4$ fong$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nam$^3$ fong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nàm-fông
    (Hailu, HRS): nam fong$^ˋ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nang$^2$ horng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lâm-hong / lâm-hng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lam$^5$ hng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nánfāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nánfang
*** Wade–Giles: nan$^2$-fang$^1$
*** Yale: nán-fāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nanfang
*** Palladius: наньфан (nanʹfan)
*** Sinological IPA : /nän³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$南方 男方
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nan$^2$ fang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lanfang
*** Sinological IPA : /nan²¹ faŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нанфон (nanfon, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /næ̃²⁴ fɑŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naam$^4$ fong$^1$
*** Yale: nàahm fōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naam$^4$ fong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nam$^4$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːm²¹ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$南方 男方
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: nam$^3$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿdam²² fɔŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nàm-fông
*** Hakka Romanization System: nam$^ˇ$ fong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nam$^2$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ foŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: nam fong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /nam⁵⁵ foŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nang$^2$ horng$^1$ [Phonetic: nang$^5$ ngorng$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: náng-ho̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /naŋ¹³⁻²¹ $^{(h-)}$ŋɒŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm-hong
*** Tâi-lô: lâm-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lamhofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm-hng
*** Tâi-lô: lâm-hng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lamhngf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² hŋ̍³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lam$^5$ hng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm hng
*** Sinological IPA : /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: nom pjang
Rime :
| Character | 南 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 那含切 | 府良切 |
| Baxter | nom | pjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nʌm/ | /pʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nəm/ | /pʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɒm/ | /piuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nəm/ | /puaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /nᴀm/ | /piuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /nɒm/ | /pĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /năm/ | /piwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nán | fāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | naam$^4$ | fong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[ə]m C-paŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nuːm paŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 南 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nán | fāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nom › | ‹ pjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*nˁ[ə]m/ | /*C-paŋ/ |
| English | south | square |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 南 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 9355 | 3023 |
| Phonetic component | 南 | 方 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 南 | 方 |
| Old Chinese | /*nuːm/ | /*paŋ/ |
| Notes | | 甲金文象槳即榜初文， 下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆 |

### Noun

南方
* south
* southern part (of a country)
* (specifically) southern China (usually referring to the area to the south of the Yellow River)
    中國南方喀斯特／中国南方喀斯特 ― Zhōngguó nánfāng kāsītè ― The South China Karst
       Tā shì nánfāngrén, suǒyǐ yī zhāngkǒu shuōhuà jiù dàiyǒu nánfāng kǒuyīn. [Pinyin]
       He is from the South, so when he opens his mouth to speak, you can hear his Southern accent.

#### Synonyms

* (south): 南邊／南边 (nánbiān), 南面 (nánmiàn); (Cantonese) 南便; (Hakka) 南片; (Hokkien, Teochew) 南爿

#### Derived terms

* 南方人 (nánfāngrén)
* 南方巨獸龍 / 南方巨兽龙 (nánfāngjùshòulóng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 南方(なんぽう) (nanpō)
* → Korean: 남방(南方) (nambang)
* → Vietnamese: nam phương (南方)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 方 |
| なん Grade: 2 | ほう > ぽう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なんぽー [nàńpóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [nã̠mpo̞ː]

#### Noun

南(なん)方(ぽう) • (nanpō)
* south, southern area
* countries to the south of Japan, such as Southeast Asia

##### Related terms

* 東方(とうほう) (tōhō): east, eastern area
* 西方(せいほう) (seihō): west, western area
* 北方(ほっぽう) (hoppō): north, northern area

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 方 |
| みなみ Grade: 2 | かた Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʲina̠mʲika̠ta̠]

#### Noun

南(みなみ)方(かた) • (minamikata)
* south (compass point, direction)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 南 | 方 |
| みなみ > みな Grade: 2 | かた Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʲina̠ka̠ta̠]

#### Noun

南(みな)方(かた) • (Minakata)
* a surname

### References
## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 南 | 方 |

### Noun

南方 • (nambang) (hangeul 남방)
* hanja form of 남방 (“south, southern area”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 南 | 方 |

### Noun

南方
* chữ Hán form of nam phương (“south, southern area”).