# 規範
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): guīfàn
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟ ㄈㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gui$^1$ fan$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwai$^1$ faan$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûi-fam
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kui-hoān / kui-hoǎn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gui$^1$ huang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kue-ve$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guīfàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ ㄈㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gueifàn
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^1$-fan$^4$
*** Yale: gwēi-fàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gueifann
*** Palladius: гуйфань (gujfanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$規範 / 规范 閨範 / 闺范
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gui$^1$ fan$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: guifan
*** Sinological IPA : /kuei⁵⁵ fan²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwai$^1$ faan$^6$
*** Yale: kwāi faahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwai$^1$ faan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuei$^1$ fan$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵ faːn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûi-fam
*** Hakka Romanization System: gui$^ˊ$ fam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gui$^1$ fam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku̯i²⁴⁻¹¹ fam⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui-hoān
*** Tâi-lô: kui-huān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kui'hoan
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kui⁴⁴⁻²² huan²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kui⁴⁴⁻³³ huan³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui-hoǎn
*** Tâi-lô: kui-huǎn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kui³³ huan²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gui$^1$ huang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kui huăng
*** Sinological IPA : /kui³³⁻²³ huaŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kue-ve$_6$
*** MiniDict: kue$^平$ ve$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kue-ve$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kue⁵⁵ ve²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kjwie bjomX
Rime :
| Character | 規 | 範 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (12) | 凡 (146) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居隋切 | 防錽切 |
| Baxter | kjwie | bjomX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kiuᴇ/ | /bɨɐm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷiɛ/ | /biɐm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kjuɛ/ | /biɐm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwiə̆/ | /buam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kiue/ | /biɐm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kǐwe/ | /bĭwɐm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kwie̯/ | /bʱi̯wɐm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guī | fàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwai$^1$ | faan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷe [b](r)omʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷel bomʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 規 | 範 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guī | fàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjwie › | ‹ bjom$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷe/ | /*[b](r)omʔ/ |
| English | compass, circle | casting mold |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 規 | 範 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4604 | 2981 |
| Phonetic component | 規 | 氾 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𩓸 | 范 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷel/ | /*bomʔ/ |
| Notes | 小徐見聲，與圜同源；古亦同窺，夫或癸省文 | |

### Noun

規範
* standard; norm; regulation
    行為規範／行为规范 ― xíngwéi guīfàn ― behavioural norms
    學術規範／学术规范 ― xuéshù guīfàn ― academic standards
    行業規範／行业规范 ― hángyè guīfàn ― industry norms
    做人的規範／做人的规范 ― zuòrén de guīfàn ― standards of ethical conduct

#### Synonyms

* 判準 / 判准 (pànzhǔn)
* 基準 / 基准 (jīzhǔn)
* 尺寸 (chǐcùn)
* 尺度 (chǐdù)
* 尺碼 / 尺码 (chǐmǎ)
* 尺頭兒 / 尺头儿 (chǐtóur) (regional)
* 平臺 / 平台 (píngtái)
* 度程 (dùchéng) (literary)
* 式 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 格 (gé) (literary, or in compounds)
* 格式 (géshì)
* 標準 / 标准 (biāozhǔn)
* 水準 / 水准 (shuǐzhǔn)
* 法度 (fǎdù)
* 準則 / 准则 (zhǔnzé)
* 準繩 / 准绳 (zhǔnshéng)
* 規格 / 规格 (guīgé)
* 道揆 (dàokuí) (Classical Chinese)

### Adjective

規範
* standard; normal; regular

#### Synonyms

* 標準 / 标准 (biāozhǔn)
* 正式 (zhèngshì)
* 正經 / 正经
* 正規 / 正规 (zhèngguī)

### Verb

規範
* to standardise; to normalise; to regulate

#### Synonyms

* 標準化 / 标准化 (biāozhǔnhuà)
* 規制 / 规制 (guīzhì)
* 規範化 / 规范化 (guīfànhuà)

### Derived terms

* 庫侖規範 / 库仑规范
* 性規範 / 性规范
* 社會規範 / 社会规范 (shèhuì guīfàn)
* 規範倫理學 / 规范伦理学
* 規範化 / 规范化 (guīfànhuà)
* 規範場論 / 规范场论
* 規範字 / 规范字 (guīfànzì)
* 規範性 / 规范性 (guīfànxìng)
* 規範控制 / 规范控制 (guīfàn kòngzhì)
* 規範科學 / 规范科学
* 規範詞素 / 规范词素
* 超規範子 / 超规范子 (chāoguīfànzǐ)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 規(き)範(はん) (kihan)
* → Korean: 규범(規範) (gyubeom)
* → Vietnamese: quy phạm (規範)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 規 | 範 |
| き Grade: 5 | はん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 軌範

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きはん [kìháń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲihã̠ɴ]

### Noun

規(き)範(はん) • (kihan)
* norm; standard

#### Synonyms

* 模(も)範(はん) (mohan)

#### See also

* 行動規範

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 規 | 範 |

### Noun

規範 • (gyubeom) (hangeul 규범)
* hanja form of 규범 (“standard; norm”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 規 | 範 |

### Noun

規範
* chữ Hán form of quy phạm (“standard; regulation; model”).