# born
## English
### Pronunciation

* (horse–hoarse merger)
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /bɔːn/
** (General American) IPA: /boɹn/, [bo̞ɹn]
** Audio (US):(file)
** Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)n
** Homophones: borne, bourn, bourne, Bourne (horse–hoarse merger); bawn (non-rhotic); barn (card–cord merger)
* (without the horse–hoarse merger)
** (rhotic) IPA: /bɔːɹn/
** (non-rhotic) IPA: /bɔːn/

### Etymology 1

From Middle English born, boren, borne, iborne, from Old English boren, ġeboren, from Proto-West Germanic *boran, *gaboran, from Proto-Germanic *buranaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *beraną (“to bear, carry”), equivalent to bear +‎ -en. Cognate with Saterland Frisian gebooren (“born”), West Frisian berne (“born”), Dutch geboren (“born”), German geboren (“born”), Swedish boren (“born”).

#### Verb

born
* past participle of bear; given birth to.
    Although not born in the country, she qualifies for nationality through her grandparents.
* (obsolete) past participle of bear in other senses.
** 1784, Thomas Sheridan, Life of Dr. Swift, Section I:In some monasteries the severity of the clausure is hard to be born.
** 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter XVI, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC, page 286:If I had not persuaded Harriet into liking the man, I could have born any thing.

##### Descendants

* Jamaican Creole: baan

##### Translations
#### Adjective

born (not comparable)
* Having from birth (or as if from birth) a certain quality or character; innate; inherited.
    In the United States, information describing the operation of nuclear weapons is born secret.
** 1701 January (indicated as 1700), [Daniel Defoe], “Part II”, in The True-Born Englishman. A Satyr, [London: s.n.], →OCLC, page 61:I'll make it out, deny it he that can, / His Worship is a True-born Engliſhman, / In all the Latitude that Empty Word / By Modern Acceptation's understood.
** 1942, Storm Jameson, Then we shall hear singing: a fantasy in C major:I ought really to have called him my sergeant. He's a born sergeant. That's as much as to say he's a born scoundrel.
** 1965, Frank Herbert, Dune‎ (Science Fiction), New York: Ace Books, →OCLC, page 118‎:“Your desert boots are fitted slip-fashion at the ankles. Who told you to do that?” "It . . . seemed the right way." "That it most certainly is." And Kynes rubbed his cheek, thinking of the legend: "He shall know your ways as though born to them."

##### Derived terms

* aborn
* aborning
* afterborn
* all one's born days
* baseborn
* base-born
* be born last week
* be born yesterday
* born again
* born-again
* born-again virgin
* born-alive
* born and bred
* born at night but not last night
* born digital
* born-free
* born in a barn
* born in a mill
* born in the purple
* born in the vestry
* born killer
* born leader
* bornless
* born loser
* bornness
* born on the 4th of July
* born on the Fourth of July
* born sleeping
* born tired
* born to the purple
* born with a silver spoon in one's mouth
* born yesterday
* dead-born
* deadborn
* dragonborn
* earthborn
* firstborn
* first-born
* foreign-born
* forest-born
* freeborn
* from me born
* full-born
* hagborn
* hedgeborn
* hellborn
* hell-born
* high-born
* highborn
* homeborn
* in all one's born days
* in one's born days
* I was born in ...
* last-born
* lastborn
* liveborn
* low-born
* middleborn
* misborn
* naked as the day one was born
* native-born
* natural-born
* new-born
* newborn
* nextborn
* noble-born
* no one is born a master
* not know one is born
* odalborn
* one's father was born before one
* onlyborn
* outborn
* preborn
* quickborn
* reborn
* seaborn
* secondborn
* sky-born
* slaveborn
* stillborn
* still-born
* there's a sucker born every minute
* there's one born every minute
* thirdborn
* to the manner born
* to the manor born
* true-born
* trueborn
* twice-born
* twin-born
* twinborn
* unborn
* virgin-born
* wellborn
* well-born
* were you born in a tent
* woman-born-woman
* womyn-born-womyn

##### Translations
#### See also

* borne
* né, née

### Etymology 2

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.
Dialectal variant of burn.

#### Noun

born (plural borns)
* (Geordie) Alternative spelling of burn (a stream)

#### Verb

born (third-person singular simple present borns, present participle bornin, simple past and past participle bornt)
* (Geordie) Alternative spelling of burn (with fire etc.)

### Further reading

* Frank Graham, editor (1987), “BORN”, in The New Geordie Dictionary, Rothbury, Northumberland: Butler Publishing, →ISBN.
* Scott Dobson, Dick Irwin “born”, in Newcastle 1970s: Durham & Tyneside Dialect Group‎, archived from the original on 2024-09-05.

### Anagrams

* Brno, Norb

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

born f (plural bornen)
* (dialectal) Obsolete form of bron.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* barn

### Noun

born n
* indefinite plural of barn

## Old English
### Verb

born
* first/third-person singular preterite of beirnan