# di-
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daɪ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Etymology 1

* PIE word
* *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin di-, from Ancient Greek δι- (di-, “two”).

#### Prefix

Greek number prefix :
| 2 | Previous: | mono- |
| 2 | Next: | tri- |
di-
* Two.
    diacetate is any salt or ester having two acetate groups, dialkene is any alkene having two double bonds, diarchy is a state under the rule of two people; the form of government of such state, diactinal is having two rays
* Double, twice the quantity.
    diglossia is the presence of a cleft or doubled tongue, dicatalectic is doubly catalectic, at both the middle and the end of the verse, dichoree is a double choree
* A pair.
    diblock is of or pertaining to two blocks together, dimeson is a bound pair of mesons, dijet is a pair of jets
* Both, possessing two distinct (possibly opposing) qualities.
    dikinetic is having both metakinetic and mesokinetic joints, dialetheism is the theory that statements can be both true and false at the same time and in the same sense, dianalytic is describing a function that is analytic or antianalytic with regards to both the domain and codomain

##### Synonyms

Synonyms: duo-, bi-, bis-

##### See also

* dwi-
* twi-

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin dis-.

#### Prefix

di-
* Alternative form of dis-: split, to split; shortened before l, m, n, r, s (followed by a consonant), and v; also often shortened before g, and sometimes before j.
    divide is to split or separate (something) into two or more parts, diverge is to run apart; to separate; to tend into different directions

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δῐ- (dĭ-), from Ancient Greek δῐά (dĭá, “through”).

#### Prefix

di-
* Alternative form of dia-: across or through, before a vowel.
    diactinic is capable of transmitting the chemical or actinic rays of light, dielectric is an electrically insulating or nonconducting material considered for its electric susceptibility, ie its property of polarization when exposed to an external electric field

### Derived terms

* diacetal
* diacetate
* diacetoxylation
* diacetyl
* diacridine
* diacrylate
* diactinal
* diactivated
* diadenosine
* diadenylate
* dialkene
* dialkoxide
* dialkylated
* dialkylation
* diallelic
* dialuminium
* diamide
* diamidine
* diamidino
* diamniotic
* diandry
* diangle
* dianhydride
* dianilido
* dianion
* diantimony
* diarch
* diarchy
* diarginate
* diarginine
* diaromatic
* diarsenic
* dibarium
* dibehenate
* diberyllium
* dibesylate
* dibutyryl
* dicadmium
* dicarbamate
* dicarbamoyl
* dicarboxaldehyde
* dicarboxamide
* dicerium
* dichlorine
* dichloro
* dicyano
* didecenoate
* didodecyl
* didysprosium
* diepoxide
* diepoxy
* dierbium
* diethoxy
* diethylene
* diethynyl
* dieuropium
* diferulate
* digadolinium
* digalactose
* digalactosyl
* digalacturonate
* digallium
* digeranyl
* digermanium
* diglycosyl
* diguanosine
* dihafnium
* dihalo
* dihelium
* diheptyl
* dihexyl
* diholmium
* dihydro
* dihydroxo
* diindium
* diiridium
* diiron
* diisobutyl
* diisodecyl
* diisononyl
* dilactate
* dilactone
* dilactyl
* dilanthanum
* dilaurate
* dilauroyl
* dilauryl
* dilead
* dilithium
* dilutetium
* dimagnesium
* dimanganese
* dimercury
* dimethacrylate
* dimethylene
* dimolybdenum
* dimycocerosate
* dimyristoyl
* dimyristyl
* dineodymium
* dineptunium
* diniobium
* dinonyl
* diblock
* diboson
* dicluster
* dielectron
* digluon
* dihadron
* dijet
* dikinetid
* dilepton
* dileucine
* dimeson
* dimorph
* diallyl
* dibenzyl
* dicatalectic
* dichoree
* diglossia
* dihaploid
* diheteromeric
* dialetheia
* dialetheism
* dianalytic
* dichromatic
* dikinetic
* diactinic
* dielectric
* diverge
* divide

### See also

* Thesaurus:number

### References

* “di-”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “di-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Anagrams

* Id, I'd, id., I-D, id, I.D., -id, ID

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

### Prefix

di-
* di-

#### Derived terms
## Danish
### Prefix

di-
* two

#### Derived terms
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di/
* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

di-
* meaning two, twice, or double
    dioxidedioxide
    dipooldiople

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Derived from Latin di-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [di]
* Hyphenation: di

### Prefix

di-
* di-

#### Derived terms
## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English di-), ultimately from Ancient Greek δι- (di-).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdi-/, [ˈdi-]

### Prefix

di-
* di- (double, twin)
    Synonyms: bi-, kaksois-

#### Derived terms

* dihiilimonoksidi
* dikloorimetaani
* kalsiumdinatriumetyleenidiamiinitetra-asetaatti

## French
### Prefix

di-
* di-

#### Derived terms
## German
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

di-
* di-

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “di-” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay di-, from Classical Malay di-, from Late Old Malay di-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di/
* Audio:(file)

### Prefix

di-
* Used to form passive voice or "patient focus" (in some analyses) on a verb.
    dimakan ― to be eaten

#### Usage notes

In some cases, the meaning of this suffix can become active, as long as the so-called object is animate. For example, both the sentences Rizqi membaca buku itu and Buku itu dibaca (oleh) Rizqi can have the same meaning, "Rizqi reads that book" (although the latter sentence can be also translated as "That book is read by Rizqi"). See also symmetrical voice.

#### Derived terms
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di/
* Hyphenation: di-

### Etymology 1

From Latin de- (“indicating removal or descent”).

#### Prefix

di-
* de-

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

#### Prefix

di-
* di-

##### Derived terms
## Javanese
### Romanization

di-
* Romanization of ꦢꦶ-

## Kongo
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *di-.

### Prefix

di- (plural ma-)
* class 5 prefix
* class 5 subject prefix

## Latin
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /diː/, [d̪iː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /di/, [d̪i]

#### Prefix

dī-
* Alternative form of dis-

##### Usage notes

Occurs before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, sc, sp, st, v, and occasionally before consonantal i.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δῐ- (dĭ-), from δίς (dís, “twice, doubly”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /di/, [d̪ɪ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /di/, [d̪i]

#### Prefix

di-
* Two, double; di-.

##### Descendants

→ English: di-

## Malay
### Etymology

From Late Old Malay ni-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di/
** (with consonant-initial stem) IPA: [di-]
** (with vowel-initial stem) IPA: [di.ʔ-]

### Prefix

di- (Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems د-, Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems دأ-)
* (third person) Patient focus or passive voice marker of a verb.
    ‎di- + ‎buka (“to open”) → ‎dibuka (“to be opened”)
    Pintu itu dibuka (oleh) ayah.That door was opened by dad.

#### Usage notes

* According to the DBP's prescriptive grammar, this prefix is to be exclusively used in the third person.
** Patient focus sentences in the first and second persons are formed by following the subject of a sentence with the stem form of a verb.
** The difference mentioned above is as so:
*** Third person
    Makanan itu ditelan (oleh) dia.That food was swallowed by him/her.
*** First/Second person
    Aku/Kamu telan makanan itu.That food was swallowed by me/you.
** The first/second person form of the so-called "patient focus" or "passive voice" sentence is regularly used in informal or everyday speech with an "agent focus" or "active voice" meaning so the example first/second person sentence above can be interpreted as so:
    Aku/Kamu telan makanan itu.I/You swallowed that food.
* When the sentence agent appears right after the verb as in "The homework was completed by Adam in three minutes.", it can optionally be preceded by the preposition oleh, so the aforementioned sentence can be translated in the two ways shown below:
    Kerja sekolah itu disiapkan Adam dalam tiga minit.
    Kerja sekolah itu disiapkan oleh Adam dalam tiga minit.That homework was completed by Adam in three minutes.
* If the sentence agent does not appear right after the verb as in "The homework was completed in three minutes by Adam.", the oleh preposition is now compulsory, as in the sentence below:
    Kerja sekolah itu disiapkan dalam tiga minit oleh Adam.That homework was completed in three minutes by Adam.

#### See also

* di- -kan (passive causitive or locative)
* di- -i (passive causitive or benefactive)
* meng- (active)

## Navajo
### Etymology 1

Represents multiple homophonous thematic and aspectual prefixes of position I and VI, whose exact meaning and etymology remain mostly speculative.

#### Prefix

di- (position I)
* fire, near or into it
*   * diidiłjeeh ― to make a fire
di- (position VI)
Young and Morgan (1987) identify 14 or so thematic prefixes, among others:
* fire, light
*   * diidiłjeeh ― to make a fire
* arms and legs
*   * dilʼéés ― to step, to place one's foot
* extension, elongated shape
* noise, sound, oral, food, sensory
*   * dilwosh ― to shout
*   * disééh ― to belch
*   * yidiitsʼį́į́h ― to hear it
* color (see also dini-)
*   * dinilgai ― whitish
* relinquishment, relief
*   * yą́ą́ʼdíłgééd ― to uncover it by digging
*   * bidizóóh ― to subtract it
* sanctity
*   * diyin ― holy
* Unclassified, often entering in the formation of other prefix compounds
*   * kʼiidilé ― to plant it
*   * yidiséí ― to crumble it
*   * hadii- ― from end to end
*   * díní- (prolongative)
*   * tádi- (diversative)
*   * bibadi- ― to exhaustion
Four modal-aspectual uses are also distinguished:
* Forms a number of inceptive verbs, with a (∅/si) paradigm.
*   * dighááh ― to start to go
* Forms a number of inchoative verbs, with prepounded dah and a transitional (yii/yii) paradigm.
*   * dah diighááh ― to start off, to set out, to leave
* Forms the future mode of all active verbs along with the progressive yi-.
*   * doogááł ― he will go
*   * didoogááł ― he will start to go
*   * dah didoogááł ― he will start off
* Forms a number of neuter adjectivals.
*   * dijool ― spherical, chubby

#### See also
### Etymology 2

Probably cognate with a prefix of similar shape occurring in other Athabascan languages a reflexive possessive pronoun.
Probably cognate with classifier d- marking passive and reflexive verbs.

#### Prefix

di- (position IV)
* Personal prefix used in combination with the prefix of position I à-, marking the reflexive verbs. It always triggers a classifier shift (∅ → d, ł → l).
    yishchʼid ― I'm scratching it
    nishchʼid ― I'm scratching you
    ádíshchʼid ― I'm scratching myself
    ánáádíshchʼid ― I'm scratching myself again

## Northern Sotho
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

### Prefix

di-
* Class 8 noun prefix.

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* dy-

### Etymology

Derived from Latin dī-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

### Prefix

di-
* di-
    Synonyms: bi-, dwu-
    ‎di- + ‎chromatyczny → ‎dichromatyczny

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* di- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

### Prefix

di-
* di- (two, twice or double)

#### Derived terms
## Sotho
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

### Prefix

di-
* Class 8 noun prefix.

## Spanish
### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

#### Prefix

di-
* di-
    Synonyms: bi-, duo-

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

From Latin dis or Latin di.

#### Prefix

di-
* dis-

##### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “di-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *di.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈdiʔ/ [ˈd̪iʔ]
* Rhymes: -iʔ
* Syllabification: di-

### Prefix

dî- (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ)
* non-; un-; de-

#### Derived terms

* di-maaari
* di-maabot
* di-maalam
* di-mabasa
* di-mabata
* di-makaugaga
* di-makauwi
* di-makaya
* di-makilala
* di-nabubulok
* di-pagkakaunawaan
* di-pangkaraniwan
* diigkasin
* disaluyan

#### Related terms

* 'di
* hindi

## Tswana
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

### Prefix

di-
* Class 8 noun prefix.

## Welsh
### Etymology

Proto-Celtic *dī- (“from, of”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Cognate with Cornish di-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌdiː/, /dɪ/

### Prefix

di-
* intensifying prefix
    ‎di- + ‎goddef → ‎dioddef
    ‎di- + ‎golwch → ‎diolch
* without, -less, de-, a-, negative prefix
    Synonyms: af-, an-, dis-
    ‎di- + ‎enw (“name”) → ‎dienw (“anonymous”)
    ‎di- + ‎paid (“pause, respite”) → ‎di-baid (“ceaseless, incessant”)
    ‎di- + ‎swydd (“job, office”) + ‎-o → ‎diswyddo (“dismiss, discharge, sack, make redundant”)

#### Usage notes

The negative prefix di- indicates a lack of something and is most often attached to a noun in a similar manner to English -less, e.g. dienw (“anonymous, nameless”), di-waith (“unemployed (“workless”)”), diobaith (“hopeless”). In contrast, af- and an- simply denote the negative form of the following root rather than the lack of it.

#### Derived terms
### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “di-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## West Makian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪i/

#### Pronoun

di-
* third-person plural possessive prefix, their
    di oma ― their children
* (polite) third-person singular possessive prefix, his, her
    mene de ti deto di musala ― this is my grandmother's mat

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

di-
* (inanimate) alternative form of da- (“its”) when preceded by a root-initial i

#### See also

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics