# diri
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *dīri-.
The sense “undercooked, not overcooked (of rice)“ might have developed from the sense “undercooked (of meat)", the sense “undercooked“ in applying the notion of meat still containing blood, thus being “alive“. Compare Crimean Tatar tiri (“undercooked, of meat”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

diri (comparative daha diri, superlative ən diri)
* living, which is alive
    diri quş ― living bird
    diri balıq ― living fish
    diri ilan ― living snake
    Synonyms: canlı, sağ
    Antonym: ölü
* lively, vivid, vivacious
    Synonyms: canlı, qıvraq, cəld
* of rice etc.
** stiff, undercooked, half-done, raw
    Xorəyin düyüsü diridir. ― The rice of the dish is [stil] raw.
    Synonym: çiy
** crumbly, friable, not overcooked

### Noun

diri (definite accusative dirini, plural dirilər)
* living person
    Ölülərimi, dirilərimi təhqir etdilər.They insulted dead and living relatives of mine.(literally, “They insulted my living and my dead.”)

#### Derived terms

* diri-diri
* diribaş
* diribaşlama
* diribaşlamaq
* diribaşlıq
* diricə
* diricəalaq
* diriciyəz
* diridoğan
* diridoğma
* dirigöz
* dirigözlü
* dirigözlük
* dirildici
* dirildilmək
* dirilik
* dirilmə
* dirilmək
* diriltmək
* dirisoyan
* diriyarma

### References

* Tağıyev M. T. et al., editors (2006), “diri”, in Azərbaycanca-rusca lüğət [Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary], volume I, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, page 791a

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di-di, from *di + *-di, from Proto-Austronesian *di. Related to kari (“this”), ngari (“hither”), and ari (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: di‧ri
* IPA: /diˈɾi/ [d̪ɪˈɾ̪i]

### Adverb

dirí
* here (place closer to speaker than listener)
* (colloquial) here (place near both the speaker and the listener)
    Synonym: dinhi

#### See also
### References

* ↑ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*-di”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from French dire and Italian dire.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdiri]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -iri
* Hyphenation: di‧ri

### Verb

diri (present diras, past diris, future diros, conditional dirus, volitive diru)
* to say, tell
    Diru al mi vian sekreton! ― Tell me your secret!
    Oni diras, ke la vetero estas pli agrabla tie. ― They say the weather is more pleasant there.

#### Conjugation
### See also

* paroli (“to speak”)

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French du riz (“rice”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diˈɣi/
* IPA: [dziˈɰi]
** Audio:(file)

### Noun

diri
* rice
    W renmen manje diri blan?Do you like to eat white rice?

#### Hypernyms

* sereyal

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Clipping and -i diminutive of direktor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdiri]
* Hyphenation: di‧ri
* Rhymes: -ri

### Noun

diri (plural dirik)
* (colloquial, dated) Synonym of igazgató (“principal [in school], director, manager”)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* diri in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* diri in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay diri, from Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diRi (“to stand”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di.ri/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ri
* Hyphenation: di‧ri

### Noun

diri (plural diri-diri)
* ego, self
** (psychology) ego: The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings
    Synonym: ego
* person

### Prefix

diri-
* use similar to English suffix -self

### Derived terms

* berdiri
* berpendirian
* kedirian
* mandiri
* mendirikan
* pendiri
* pendirian
* sendiri
* swadiri
* terdiri
* alat pelindung diri
* bunuh diri
* diri sendiri
* gol bunuh diri
* percaya diri
* tahu diri

### Further reading

* “diri” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hadiʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sadiʀi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diri/
* Rhymes: -i

### Verb

diri (Jawi spelling ديري)
* (intransitive) to stand
* (transitive) to establish

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pendiri [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* pendirian [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* berpendirian [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + stative / habitual + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + beR- + -an)
* berdiri [stative / habitual] (beR-)
* mendirikan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* didirikan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
* terdiri [agentless action] (teR-)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: diri

### Noun

diri (Jawi spelling ديري, plural diri-diri, informal 1st possessive diriku, 2nd possessive dirimu, 3rd possessive dirinya)
* self

#### Derived terms

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* sendiri

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: diri

### Further reading

* “diri” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mauritian Creole
### Alternative forms

* duri

### Etymology

From French du riz.

### Noun

diri
* rice

### References

* Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

## Sumerian
### Romanization

diri
* Romanization of 𒋛𒀀 (diri)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zizi (“disgusted; revolted”). Cognate with Malay jijik and Javanese ꦗꦶꦗꦶꦏ꧀ (jijik).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ˈdiɾi/ [ˈd̪iː.ɾɪ] (noun)
*** Rhymes: -iɾi
** IPA: /diˈɾi/ [d̪ɪˈɾi] (adjective)
*** Rhymes: -i
* Syllabification: di‧ri

### Noun

diri (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒ)
* disgust; revulsion; dislike of something dirty or foul
    Synonyms: rimarim, panririmarim, pangangani
* abhorrence; loathing; detestation
    Synonyms: suya, pagkasuya, suklam, pagkasuklam

#### Derived terms

* kadiri
* kadirian
* mandiri
* nakapandidiri
* pandidiri
* pandirihan

### Adjective

dirí (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒ)
* disgusted; feeling revulsion for something dirty or foul

#### Derived terms

* diring-diri

### Further reading

* “diri”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*zizi”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish دیری (diri), from Proto-Turkic *tīri-.
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (tirig), Kazakh тірі (tırı), Kyrgyz тири (tiri), Uzbek tirik, Turkmen diri, and Chuvash чӗрӗ (čĕrĕ, “alive, living”).

### Adjective

diri
* alive, living
* lively, energetic
* fresh

#### Related terms

* dirim

### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “diri”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دیری”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 935
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Waray-Waray
### Adverb

diri
* no

### Interjection

diri
* no