# kin
## Translingual
### Symbol

kin
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kinyarwanda.

## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: kĭn, IPA: /kɪn/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪn

### Etymology 1

From Middle English kyn, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”). Doublet of kin and king
Cognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Icelandic kyn (“gender”), Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”), Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).

#### Noun

kin (countable and uncountable, plural kins or kin)
* Race; family; breed; kind.
* (collectively) Persons of the same race or family; kindred.
** c. 1620, Francis Bacon, letter of advice to Sir George Villiers
    You are of kin, and so must be a friend to their persons.
** 2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 84:Based on the number of teeth ammonites had—nine—it's believed that their closest living kin are octopuses.
* One or more relatives, such as siblings or cousins, taken collectively.
** 2016, Saraswati Raju, Santosh Jatrana, Women Workers in Urban India, page 280:Among those who derive information related to work from personal contacts, nonkins, rather than kins, constitute the most important sources even for women.
* Relationship; same-bloodedness or affinity; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent.
** 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter XIII, in Mansfield Park: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 248:Such sensations, however, were too near a kin to resentment to be long guiding Fanny's soliloquies.

##### Derived terms

* akin
* fictive kin
* kind
* kindred
* kinfolk
* kinhood
* kin selection
* kinship
* kinsman
* kinstate
* kin state
* kinswoman
* kissing kin
* kith and kin
* next of kin
* otakukin
* otherkin
* totem kin

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

##### See also

* kith
* clan

##### Further reading

* “kin”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* Kin in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

#### Adjective

kin (not comparable)
* Related by blood or marriage, akin. Generally used in "kin to".
    It turns out my back-fence neighbor is kin to one of my co-workers.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Mandarin 琴 (qín), from a non-palatal dialect akin to Peking; or less likely, from Japanese 琴 (kin).

#### Noun

kin (plural kins)
* Alternative form of qin (“Chinese string instrument”)
** 1899, Hugo Riemann, Catechism of Musical History: History of musical instruments and history of tone-systems and notation:Originally they had only two cither-like instruments, which had flat sound-boxes without fingerboards, over which were strung rather a large number (25) of strings of twisted silk — the kin and tsche.
** 1840, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Samuel Wells Williams, The Chinese Repository, page 40:If a musician were going to give a lecture upon the mathematical part of his art, he would find a very elegant substitute for the monochord in the Chinese kin.

### Etymology 3

Clipping of fictionkin.

#### Verb

kin (third-person singular simple present kins, present participle kinning, simple past and past participle kinned)
* (transitive, fandom slang) To identify with; as in spiritually connect to a fictional or non-fictional being.

#### Noun

kin (plural kins or kin)
* (fandom slang) A fictional or non-fictional being whom one spiritually connects to. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
* (fandom slang, in the form (character name) kin) Someone who identifies with a certain fictional character.
    Alternative form: kinnie

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

kin (plural kins)
* Alternative form of k'in

### Etymology 5
#### Verb

kin
* Pronunciation spelling of can.
** 1959 January 5, Walt Kelly, Pogo, comic strip, →ISBN, page 4:[Owl:] Oh I ain't stealin' this dime... I just took it for safe-keepin'. [Turtle:] Ain't much you kin do with it—'cept make a phone call.

### Etymology 6
#### Noun

kin (uncountable)
* (colloquial) Short for kinesiology.

### Anagrams

* -nik, Nik, ink

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch kin, from Middle Dutch kinne, from Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kin (plural kinne)
* Alternative form of ken

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Persian کین.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kin (definite accusative kini, plural kinlər)
* hidden anger, spite, malice, grudge
    Synonym: ədavət

#### Derived terms

* kinli

### Further reading

* “kin” in Obastan.com.

## Caolan
### Verb

kin
* to eat

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɪn]
* Rhymes: -ɪn

### Noun

kin
* genitive plural of kino

### Anagrams

* nik

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch kinne, from Old Dutch kinni, from Proto-West Germanic *kinnu, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɪn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kin
* Rhymes: -ɪn

### Noun

kin f (plural kinnen, diminutive kinnetje n)
* chin

#### Derived terms

* kinlijn
* onderkin

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: kin
* Negerhollands: kin
* → Papiamentu: kenchi, kinnetje, kintsje (from the diminutive)

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Pronoun

kin
* who

## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of kin – see 斤 (“catty, a unit of weight”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 斤).

## Hungarian
### Etymology

ki +‎ -n

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkin]

### Pronoun

kin
* superessive singular of ki

### See also

$^1$Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns /

## Ido
### Etymology

From French cinq, Spanish cinco, Italian cinque, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.

### Numeral

kin
* five (5)

## Japanese
### Romanization

kin
* Rōmaji transcription of きん

## Middle English
### Noun

kin
* Alternative form of kyn

## Navajo
### Etymology

Compare Dogrib kǫ̀.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kxʲɪ̀n]

### Noun

kin
* market, store
    Kingóó déyá. ― I am going to the store.
* house, cabin, building
* town

#### Synonyms

* (town): kin shijaaʼ, kin łání, kintah

#### Derived terms

* kįįh (“into the town”)
* kinsááʼ (“ruin”)

#### See also

* hooghan

## Ngarrindjeri
### Pronoun

kin
* him

## Northern Kurdish
### Adjective

kin (comparative kintir, superlative herî kin)
* short

#### Synonyms

* kurt
* qut
* quse

## Nupe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kí.ŋ̀/

## Sapa
### Verb

kin
* to eat

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish كین (kin, “a grudge, concealed desire of revenge, malice”),. from Persian كین (kin) or کینه (kine, “hatred, rancour, malevolence”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈcin/, (definite accusative) /ciːˈni/
* Hyphenation: kin

### Noun

kin (definite accusative kini, plural kinler)
* grudge, desire to take revenge
    Synonym: garaz

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
kin
kinler
definite accusative
kini
kinleri
dative
kine
kinlere
locative
kinde
kinlerde
ablative
kinden
kinlerden
genitive
kinin
kinlerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
kinim
kinlerim
2nd singular
kinin
kinlerin
3rd singular
kini
kinleri
1st plural
kinimiz
kinlerimiz
2nd plural
kininiz
kinleriniz
3rd plural
kinleri
kinleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
kinimi
kinlerimi
2nd singular
kinini
kinlerini
3rd singular
kinini
kinlerini
1st plural
kinimizi
kinlerimizi
2nd plural
kininizi
kinlerinizi
3rd plural
kinlerini
kinlerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
kinime
kinlerime
2nd singular
kinine
kinlerine
3rd singular
kinine
kinlerine
1st plural
kinimize
kinlerimize
2nd plural
kininize
kinlerinize
3rd plural
kinlerine
kinlerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
kinimde
kinlerimde
2nd singular
kininde
kinlerinde
3rd singular
kininde
kinlerinde
1st plural
kinimizde
kinlerimizde
2nd plural
kininizde
kinlerinizde
3rd plural
kinlerinde
kinlerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
kinimden
kinlerimden
2nd singular
kininden
kinlerinden
3rd singular
kininden
kinlerinden
1st plural
kinimizden
kinlerimizden
2nd plural
kininizden
kinlerinizden
3rd plural
kinlerinden
kinlerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
kinimin
kinlerimin
2nd singular
kininin
kinlerinin
3rd singular
kininin
kinlerinin
1st plural
kinimizin
kinlerimizin
2nd plural
kininizin
kinlerinizin
3rd plural
kinlerinin
kinlerinin :

#### Derived terms

* deve kini
* kin bağlamak
* kin beslemek
* kin duymak
* kin gütmek
* kin tutmak
* kinci
* kindar
* kinlenmek

### References

* ↑ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كین”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1615
* ↑ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كین”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1069
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kin”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* “kin”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kin¹”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2675

## West Frisian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German kinne, kin, from Old Saxon kinni. The inherited Old Frisian form was zin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɪn/

### Noun

kin n (plural kinnen, diminutive kintsje)
* chin

#### Derived terms

* ûnderkin

#### Further reading

* “kin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

## Yagara
### Noun

kin
* Alternative form of ginn.

### References

* State Library of Queensland, 2019 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES ‘WORD OF THE WEEK’: WEEK EIGHTEEN., 13 May 2019.

## Yola
### Noun

kin
* Alternative form of ken
** 1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100:Heal, griue, an kin, apaa thee, graacuse Forth,Health, wealth, and regard upon thee, gracious Forth,

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 49