# 胃

| 胃 | U+80C3, &#32963; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80C3 |
| ← 胂 [U+80C2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 胄 → [U+80C4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

胃 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田月 (WB), four-corner 6022$_7$, composition ⿱田⺼)

#### Derived characters

* 喟, 㙕, 媦, 㥜, 渭, 猬, 煟, 䁌, 稩, 緭, 蝟, 謂(谓), 䬑, 膚
* 𪞦, 𭘪, 𢔥, 𢯮, 𣉌, 𣖜, 𱯋, 𥚷, 𦝩, 𱴚, 𬔤, 𰯇, 𦩝, 𧳪, 𧼫, 𨩋, 𩋤, 𦡾, 𩤸(𩨅), 𩹂(𱈃), 𮍋
* 𫑤, 𫆿, 𠅥, 𦳢, 𭗞, 𱩸, 𤁿

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 977, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29348
* Dae Jaweon: page 1428, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2059, character 8
* Unihan data for U+80C3

## Chinese

* 胃

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 胃 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 喟 | *kʰruːds, *kʰruds |
| 胃 | *ɢuds |
| 謂 | *ɢuds |
| 媦 | *ɢuds |
| 蝟 | *ɢuds |
| 渭 | *ɢuds |
| 煟 | *ɢuds |
| 緭 | *ɢuds |
According to Shuowen Jiezi, the 𡇒 character (note that this Unicode character has undergone libian simplification) atop 𦞅 is a pictogram (象形) of a stomach. While the bronze script form merely consisted of two concentric circles, an inner portion of the character was later added, namely a mutated form of the seal script character of 米 ("rice"), representing grains within the stomach (see also 鬯).
A 肉 component (modern radical form ⺼, not to be confused with the unrelated 月, a moon) was added to specialise the character. Upon transition to the clerical script form, the upper component was simplified to the unrelated 田, which however has a reference to rice and food.
The ancient form of the character can be seen within the lower component of 𦳊.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wèi (wei$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wei$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): wēi
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wai$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): woi$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vei$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ui$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vi
    (Hailu, HRS): vui$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): vi$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): vei$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̄
* Eastern Min (BUC): ôi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ui$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ūi / ui
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ui$^7$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ui$^3$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): wai$^6$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$we / $^6$ve / $^6$vi / $^6$wei / $^6$wai
** (Jinhua): $^6$ui
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uei$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$
*** Yale: wèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wei$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ui
*** Sinological IPA : /uei²¹³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: wēi
*** Sinological IPA : /uei⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^6$
*** Yale: waih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: woi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /vɔi³²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /vei³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ui$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ui¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vi
*** Hakka Romanization System: vi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /vi⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: vui$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /vui³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: vi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋi⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: vei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /vei⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ôi
*** Sinological IPA : /ui²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ui$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ūi
*** Sinological IPA : /ui²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūi
*** Tâi-lô: uī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ui
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ui³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ui²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ui
*** Tâi-lô: ui
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uy
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ui³³/
* Quanzhou:
** ui - vernacular;
** ūi - literary.
* Middle Chinese: hjw+jH
Rime :
| Character | 胃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 于貴切 |
| Baxter | hjw+jH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʉi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɨi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuəi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuəi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwəi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /we̯i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢuds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 胃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwɨj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷə[t]-s/ |
| English | stomach |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 胃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12942 |
| Phonetic component | 胃 |
| Rime group | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 胃 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢuds/ |

### Definitions

胃
* stomach
* gizzard of fowl
* (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Stomach Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)

#### Synonyms

* (stomach): (Sichuan) 胃子

#### Meronyms

* (stomach of a ruminant): 瘤胃 (liúwèi, “rumen”), 網胃／网胃 (wǎngwèi, “reticulum”), 瓣胃 (bànwèi, “omasum”), 皺胃／皱胃 (zhòuwèi, “abomasum”)

### Compounds

* 不對胃口 / 不对胃口
* 倒胃 (dǎowèi)
* 倒胃口 (dǎo wèikǒu)
* 健胃
* 健胃劑 / 健胃剂
* 刮腸洗胃 / 刮肠洗胃
* 反胃 (fǎnwèi)
* 反芻胃 / 反刍胃
* 合胃口 (hé wèikǒu)
* 吊胃口 (diào wèikǒu)
* 對胃口 / 对胃口 (duì wèikǒu)
* 投脾胃
* 沒胃口 / 没胃口
* 洗胃 (xǐwèi)
* 湔浣腸胃 / 湔浣肠胃
* 滯胃 / 滞胃
* 瓣胃 (bànwèi)
* 瘤胃 (liúwèi)
* 皺胃 / 皱胃 (zhòuwèi)
* 網胃 / 网胃 (wǎngwèi)
* 羊胃羊頭 / 羊胃羊头
* 胃下垂 (wèixiàchuí)
* 胃口 (wèikǒu)
* 胃大彎 / 胃大弯 (wèidàwān)
* 胃小凹 (wèixiǎo'āo)
* 胃小彎 / 胃小弯 (wèixiǎowān)
* 胃底 (wèidǐ)
* 胃液 (wèiyè)
* 胃潰瘍 / 胃溃疡 (wèikuìyáng)
* 胃炎 (wèiyán)
* 胃病 (wèibìng)
* 胃癌 (wèi'ái)
* 胃穿孔 (wèichuānkǒng)
* 胃納 / 胃纳
* 胃脘
* 胃腺 (wèixiàn)
* 胃臟 / 胃脏
* 胃蛋白酶 (wèidànbáiméi)
* 胃輕癱 / 胃轻瘫 (wèiqīngtān)
* 胃酸 (wèisuān)
* 胃鏡 / 胃镜 (wèijìng)
* 胃鏡檢查 / 胃镜检查
* 脾胃 (píwèi)
* 腹胃
* 腸胃 / 肠胃 (chángwèi)
* 膩胃 / 腻胃
* 蜂巢胃 (fēngcháowèi)
* 蜂窩胃 / 蜂窝胃 (fēngwōwèi)
* 重瓣胃 (chóngbànwèi)
* 開胃 / 开胃 (kāiwèi)
* 飲灰洗胃 / 饮灰洗胃

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 胃(い) (i)
* → Korean: 위(胃) (wi)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03311
* “胃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* stomach

#### Readings

* Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 胃
* い Grade: 6
* on'yomi
/wi/ → /i/
From Middle Chinese 胃 (MC hjw+jH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) い [ì] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [i]

### Noun

胃(い) • (i)
* stomach
    Synonym: 胃袋 (ibukuro)

### Proper noun

胃(い) • (I)
* (Chinese astronomy) Stomach Mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)
    Synonym: 胃宿 (ekieboshi)
    Hypernyms: 二十八宿, 白虎

### Affix

胃(い) • (i)
* gastric; of or relating to the stomach

#### Derived terms

* 胃(い)液(えき) (ieki): gastric juice
* 胃(い)潰(かい)瘍(よう) (ikaiyō): gastric ulcer
* 胃(い)癌(がん) (igan): gastric cancer
* 胃(い)酸(さん) (isan): gastric acid
* 胃(い)腸(ちょう) (ichō): stomach and intestines

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 胃 (MC hjw+jH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅱᆼ〮 (Yale: ngwúy) | ᅌᅱᆼ〮 (Yale: ngwúy) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 야ᇰ〯 (Yale: yǎng) | 위〮 (Yale: wúy) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɥi] ~ [y]
* Phonetic hangul: [위]

### Hanja

Wikisource 胃 (eumhun 위장(胃臟) 위 (wijang wi))
* hanja form of 위 (“stomach”)

#### Compounds

* 비위 (脾胃, biwi)
* 위산 (胃酸, wisan)
* 위암 (胃癌, wiam)
* 위액 (胃液, wiaek)
* 위염 (胃炎, wiyeom)
* 위장 (胃腸, wijang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

胃: Hán Nôm readings: vị
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.