# 湛

| 湛 | U+6E5B, &#28251; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E5B |
| ← 湚 [U+6E5A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 湜 → [U+6E5C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

湛 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水廿一女 (ETMV), four-corner 3411$_1$, composition ⿰氵甚)
* deep
* profound
* clear
* tranquil, placid

#### Derived characters

* 𠾻, 𢵺, 𤩌, 霮

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 637, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17846
* Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1667, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6E5B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 湛 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 湛 | *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um |
| 媅 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黮 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ |
| 糂 | *sluːmʔ |
| 堪 | *kʰluːm |
| 戡 | *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ |
| 嵁 | *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm |
| 歁 | *kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb |
| 勘 | *kʰluːms |
| 磡 | *kʰuːms |
| 墈 | *kʰuːms |
| 偡 | *r'uːmʔ |
| 碪 | *ʔl'um |
| 椹 | *ʔl'um |
| 揕 | *ʔl'ums |
| 踸 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 鍖 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 斟 | *kljum |
| 諶 | *ɡljum |
| 愖 | *ɡljum |
| 瘎 | *ɡljum |
| 煁 | *ɡljum |
| 甚 | *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums |
| 葚 | *ɦljumʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàn (zhan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zaam$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zam$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): cham
    (Hailu, HRS): zam$^ˇ$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tām / tǎm / chim
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zam$^3$ / zam$^6$ / dam$^1$ / kam$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^4$
*** Yale: jàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaam$^3$
*** Yale: jaam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːm³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sam³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cham
*** Hakka Romanization System: zam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sam⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zam$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sam¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tām
*** Tâi-lô: tām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dam
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tam²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tam³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎm
*** Tâi-lô: tǎm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tam²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
*** Tâi-lô: tsim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cym
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sim³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zam$^3$ / zam$^6$ / dam$^1$ / kam$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsàm / tsăm / tam / kham
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sam²¹³/, /t͡sam³⁵/, /tam³³/, /kʰam³³/
* Middle Chinese: dreamX
Rime :
| Character | 湛 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 徒減切 |
| Baxter | dreamX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠɛm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚæm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡɐm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖəɨm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡɐm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡɐm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱăm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*r'uːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 湛 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 11280 |
| Phonetic component | 甚 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 湛 |
| Old Chinese | /*r'uːmʔ/ |

#### Definitions

湛
* profound
    精湛 ― jīngzhàn ― consummate
* clear
* a surname
    湛若水 ― Zhàn Ruòshuǐ ― Zhan Ruoshui (Ming dynasty philosopher)

#### Compounds

* 深湛 (shēnzhàn)
* 清湛
* 湛寂
* 湛恩
* 湛憂 / 湛忧
* 湛新
* 湛明
* 湛河 (Zhànhé, “Zhanhe”)
* 湛湛
* 湛然
* 湛盧 / 湛卢
* 湛藍 / 湛蓝 (zhànlán)
* 湛露
* 精湛 (jīngzhàn)
* 藍湛湛 / 蓝湛湛 (lánzhànzhàn)
* 青湛湛

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàn, dān (zhan$^4$, dan$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ, ㄉㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daam$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tam
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^4$
*** Yale: jàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dān
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dan
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^1$
*** Yale: dān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dan
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daam$^1$
*** Yale: dāam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːm⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tam
*** Tâi-lô: tam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dafm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tam³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tam⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tom
Rime :
| Character | 湛 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 丁含切 |
| Baxter | tom |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʌm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /təm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɒm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /təm/ |
| Li Rong | /tᴀm/ |
| Wang Li | /tɒm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'uːm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 湛 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 11266 |
| Phonetic component | 甚 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 耽 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔl'uːm/ |

#### Definitions

湛
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) happy; joyful

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chén (chen$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cam$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sîm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chén
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chén
*** Wade–Giles: chʻên$^2$
*** Yale: chén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
*** Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cam$^4$
*** Yale: chàhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐm²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîm
*** Tâi-lô: sîm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siim
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sim²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sim²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sim²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim²³/
* Middle Chinese: drim
Rime :
| Character | 湛 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直深切 |
| Baxter | drim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖjim/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'um/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 湛 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 11290 |
| Phonetic component | 甚 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 沈 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'um/ |

#### Definitions

湛
* (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: じん (jin)、でん (den)、とん (ton)
* Kan-on: たん (tan)、ちん (chin)
* Kun: しずむ (shizumu, 湛む)、たたえる (tataeru, 湛える)

## Korean
### Hanja

湛 • (dam, chim) (hangeul 담, 침, revised dam, chim, McCune–Reischauer tam, ch'im, Yale tam, chim)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

湛: Hán Nôm readings: đậm, giặm, sậm, sặm, thấm, trạm, xạm, xẩm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.