# 十九
## Chinese
### Etymology

十 (shí) +‎ 九 (jiǔ).

#### “umpteen”

    See 濕鳩／湿鸠.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shíjiǔ
       (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si$^2$ jiu$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шыҗю (šɨži͡u, I-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sap$^6$ gau$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sip$^5$ giu$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): siit$^7$ jiu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p-kiú
    (Meixian, Guangdong): seb$^6$ giu$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): seh$^5$ jiou$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): sí-giǔ
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĕk-gāu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cha̍p-káu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zab$^8$ gao$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zeq-cieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr$^6$ jiou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shíjiǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhjiǒu
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-chiu$^3$
*** Yale: shŕ-jyǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrjeou
*** Palladius: шицзю (šiczju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: si$^2$ jiu$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sgiu
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹ t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шыҗю (šɨži͡u, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕiou⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sap$^6$ gau$^2$
*** Yale: sahp gáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sap$^9$ gau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seb$^6$ geo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐp̚² kɐu̯³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sip$^5$ giu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sip̚³² kiu⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: siit$^7$ jiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɨt̚² t͡ɕiu²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p-kiú
*** Hakka Romanization System: siib giu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sib$^6$ giu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵ ki̯u³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: seb$^6$ giu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /səp̚⁵ kiu³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: seh$^5$ jiou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴⁻² t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí-giǔ
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵⁴ kiu²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕk-gāu
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛiʔ⁵⁻³³ kau³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-káu
*** Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-káu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zabkao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² kau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zab$^8$ gao$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p káu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sap̚⁴⁻² kau⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$zeq-cieu
*** MiniDict: zeh$^入$ cieu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$zeq-jieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕiɤ²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: shr$^6$ jiou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /sz̩²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzyip kjuwX
Rime :
| Character | 十 | 九 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (141) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 是執切 | 舉有切 |
| Baxter | dzyip | kjuwX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪp̚/ | /kɨu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑip̚/ | /kiu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjep̚/ | /kiəu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑip̚/ | /kuw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiəp̚/ | /kiu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕp̚/ | /kĭəu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯əp̚/ | /ki̯ə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shí | jiǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sap$^6$ | gau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp [k]uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub kuʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 十 | 九 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shí | jiǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyip › | ‹ kjuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*t.[ɡ]əp/ | /*[k]uʔ/ |
| English | ten | nine |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 十 | 九 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11452 | 6941 |
| Phonetic component | 十 | 九 |
| Rime group | 緝 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 十 | 久 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡjub/ | /*kuʔ/ |

### Numeral

十九
* nineteen; 19

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 十九(じゅうきゅう) (jūkyū)
* → Korean: 십구(十九) (sipgu)

### Noun

十九
* nine tenth; the majority
    alt. forms: 什九, 拾玖

### Determiner

十九
* (Cantonese) umpteen
    十九幾個／十九几个 [Cantonese] ― sap$^6$ gau$^2$ gei$^2$ go$^3$ [Jyutping] ― umpteen amount(s) of
** 1993, Flirting Scholar, Stephen Chow (actor):
       deoi$^3$ deoi$^{3-2}$ bun$^2$ wai$^4$ siu$^1$ hin$^2$ zok$^3$ lok$^6$, gam$^1$ jat$^6$ cyun$^1$ coeng$^4$ hing$^1$ ging$^2$ jin$^4$ deoi$^3$ dou$^3$ au$^2$ sap$^6$ gau$^2$ gei$^2$ loeng$^{5-2}$ hyut$^3$, ho$^2$ wai$^6$ kwong$^3$ gu$^2$ lik$^1$ gam$^1$, siu$^2$ dai$^6$ baai$^3$ fuk$^6$ baai$^3$ fuk$^6$! [Jyutping]
       Writing couplets is originally only a form of entertainment, but today Mr. Chuen Cheung is vomiting umpteen amount of blood for it. This is so unprecedented, I admire you!

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 十 | 九 |
| じゅう Grade: 1 | きゅう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
Kanji in this term :
| 十 | 九 |
| じゅう Grade: 1 | く Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅうきゅう [jùúkyúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːkʲɨː]
* (Tokyo) じゅうく [júꜜùkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːkɯ̟]

### Numeral

十(じゅう)九(きゅう) or 十(じゅう)九(く) • (jūkyū or jūku)
* nineteen; 19

#### Coordinate terms

v • d • eJapanese numbers :
| Number | Kanji | Kana | Romaji |
| 0 | 零 | れい、ゼロ | rei, zero |
| 1 | 一、壱、弌、壹 | いち | ichi |
| 2 | 二、弐、貳、貮 | に | ni |
| 3 | 三、参 | さん | san |
| 4 | 四、肆 | よん、し | yon, shi |
| 5 | 五、伍 | ご | go |
| 6 | 六、陸 | ろく | roku |
| 7 | 七、漆 | なな、しち | nana, shichi |
| 8 | 八、捌 | はち | hachi |
| 9 | 九、玖 | きゅう、く | kyū, ku |
| 10 | 十、拾 | じゅう | jū |
| 100 | 百、陌、佰 | ひゃく | hyaku |
| 1,000 | 千、阡、仟 | せん | sen |
| 10,000 | 一万、万、一萬、萬 | いちまん、まん | ichiman, man |
| 100,000,000 | 一億、億 | いちおく、おく | ichioku, oku |

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 十 | 九 |

### Numeral

十九 • (sipgu) (hangeul 십구)
* hanja form of 십구 (“nineteen”)