# top
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), of unknown ultimate origin.
Cognate with Scots tap (“top”), North Frisian top, tap, tup (“top”), Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), West Frisian top (“top”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), Low German Topp (“top”), German Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Icelandic toppur (“top”).
The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related to Dutch top and dop in this sense, against Standard Dutch tol, and French toupie having this sense.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /tɒp/, [tʰɒp]
* (General American) IPA: /tɑp/, [tʰɑp]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒp

### Noun

top (countable and uncountable, plural tops)
* The highest or uppermost part of something.
    Synonyms: peak, summit, overside
    Antonyms: bottom, base, underside
    His kite got caught at the top of the tree.
** 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. […] The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook, […].
** (irrespective of present orientation) The part of something that is usually highest or uppermost.
*** 2013 March 20, Dewayne Carel, “Cooler Master V8 CPU Cooler”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, retrieved 1 October 2017:To mount the V8, I simply placed it on its top, and then prepped the mobo/CPU for installation (applied thermal compound).
    We flipped the machine onto its top.
** The uppermost part of a page, picture, viewing screen, etc.
    Synonym: (of a page) head
    Antonym: (of a page) foot
    Further weather information can be found at the top of your television screen.
    Headings appear at the tops of pages.
** A lid, cap, or cover of a container.
    Synonyms: cap, coverlid
    Put a top on the toothpaste tube or it will go bad.
** A garment worn to cover the torso.
    Antonym: bottom
    I bought this top as it matches my jeans.
    I like this pyjama top.
** A framework at the top of a ship's mast to which rigging is attached.
** (baseball) The first half of an inning, during which the home team fields and the visiting team bats.
** (archaic) The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head.
*** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 39:Like glauncing light of Phoebus brightest ray; From top to toe no place appeared bare
*** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:All the stored vengeances of Heaven fall / On her ungrateful top!
* The near end of somewhere.
    The patio is at the top of my garden.
    The shop is at the top of my street.
* A child's spinning toy; a spinning top.
    The boy was amazed at how long the top would spin.
* Someone who is eminent.
** (archaic) The chief person; the most prominent one.
*** 1649, J[ohn] Milton, ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC:to be the top of zealots
** The highest rank; the most honourable position; the utmost attainable place.
    to be at the top of one's class, or at the top of the school
*** c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:And wears upon his baby brow the round / And top of sovereignty.
*** 2011 September 29, Tom Rostance, “Stoke 2-1 Besiktas”, in BBC Sport:After drawing their first game in Kiev the Potters are now top of Europa League Group E ahead of back-to-back games with Maccabi Tel-Aviv.
* (BDSM) A dominant partner in a sadomasochistic relationship or roleplay.
    Synonyms: (usually male) dom, dominant, (female) domme, dominatrix
    Coordinate terms: bottom, sub
** (loosely, by extension) A dominant partner in a sexual relationship.
* (LGBTQ slang) A person who penetrates or has a preference for penetrating during intercourse.
    Synonym: (US) pitcher
    Coordinate term: bottom
    I prefer being a top, and my boyfriend prefers being a bottom.
** 2020, Paul Mendez, Rainbow Milk, Dialogue Books (2021), page 336:Jean-Alain is a man of great physical strength, and Jesse is sure he is quite a handful for his tops.
* (slang, vulgar, African-American Vernacular, MLE, MTE) Oral stimulation of the male member; a blowjob.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:oral sex
** 2016 November 18, J $tash (lyrics and music), “Guap”, in No More Distractions‎:Running up a check, I'ma drop the top Baby gimme neck, you know I want some top You ain't tryna fuck, then baby don't just stop
** 2017, Juice Wrld (lyrics and music), “2017 Freestyle”, in Unreleased Songs‎:I get some top in my coupe […] Look at yo bitch she gon' choose She gon' give me top (on my block Avenue)
** 2017, T-Wayne (lyrics and music), “Double Standards” (track 2, 0:42–0:55 from the start), in Forever Rickey:I just bought a new Ferrari off the lot, said she a virgin but she wanna give me top, she need some money so she call my phone a lot, I picked it up and then I told that bitch to stop.
** 2017 December 22, “No Hook”, performed by 61 – Cee Drilla x Beans x Nz x Ruger, 0:53–1:00:Man chingy chingy on opps, catch ringy ringy, want lots And clingy, clingy, got dots She is a bad b, she gives tops
** 2019 March 19, Nav (lyrics and music), “Price on My Head”, in Bad Habits‎:His bitch gave me some top, and now he wanna send me threats
** 2019 November 20, Oliver Francis (lyrics and music), “I Like”, in The Adventures Of Oliver Francis‎:I like gettin' top (Ooh), I like drivin' coupes […] Yeah I got Erza Scarlet tryna fuck (Yeah, ooh) Gettin' top and watching Crunchyroll
** 2020 February 21, King Von (lyrics and music), “Took Her to the O”, in Levon James‎:Just got some top from this stripper bitch, she from Kankakee
** 2020 August 7, DON RCS (lyrics and music), “Top Down”‎:She asked to give me some top and I’m down Head feeling loose ‘cos I’m lit off the brown
** 2020 September 11, Ron Suno (lyrics and music), “Wraith”‎ ft. DDG, chorus first time 0:24–0:27:I’m in a wraith with a thot, she gon’ give me some top, cause my music a bop, aye
* (particle physics) A top quark.
    Hypernym: flavor
* The utmost degree; the acme; the summit.
** June 18 1714, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift
    The top of my own ambition is to contribute to that work.
* (ropemaking) A plug or conical block of wood with longitudinal grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.
* (sound) Highest pitch or loudest volume.
    She sang at the top of her voice.
** 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.
* (wool manufacture) A bundle or ball of slivers of combed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.
** 2014, W. J. Johnson, Yarn Works: How to Spin, Dye, and Knit Your Own Yarn, page 32:Most cotton is sold as top, requiring only predrafting prior to spinning.
* (obsolete, except in one sense of phrase on top of) Eve; verge; point.
** 1603, Richard Knolles, The Generall Historie of the Turkes, […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:Hee was upon the top of his marriage with Magdalaine.
* The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface.
* (in the plural, slang, dated) Topboots.
** 1836, “Boz” [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], Sketches by “Boz,” Illustrative of Every-day Life, and Every-day People. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Macrone, […], →OCLC:There was one pair of boots in particular — a jolly, good-tempered, hearty-looking, pair of tops, that excited our warmest regard
* (golf, cue sports, racquet sports) A stroke on the top of the ball.
* (golf, cue sports, racquet sports) A forward spin given to the ball by hitting it on or near the top; topspin.
** 1886, E.T.Sachs, The Boys Own Annual: Lawn-Tennis of the Present‎, volume 9, page 778:What is wanted is just the reverse - i.e top or overspin, which causes the ball to revolve in the direction in which it is going.
* (in restaurants, preceded by a number) (A table at which there is, or which has enough seats for) a group of a specified number of people eating at a restaurant.
** 2014, Jamey Glasnovic, Lost and Found: Adrift in the Canadian Rockies, →ISBN, page 144:[…] but with only three other tables on the patio apart from myself – two three-tops and a five-top – it's hard to imagine what the holdup is.
** 2015, Jeff Benjamin, Front of the House: Restaurant Manners, Misbehaviors & Secrets, →ISBN:It is uncanny how a server can stand in front of a ten top, without the safety net of pen and paper, and remember every item ordered by each guest including salads, […]
* Short for topswarm.
** 1866, The Scottish Gardener, page 397:My first topswarm came off on the 25th June, and a second top on the day following; both were put into skeps of one size, and appeared to be equal as regards the number of Bees.
* (military) The First Sergeant or Master Sergeant (U.S. Marine Corps), senior enlisted man at company level.
* (Philippines, usually in the plural) a shoot (eaten as a vegetable).

#### Derived terms

* at the top of one's bent
* at the top of one's game
* at the top of one's lungs
* at the top of one's voice
* at the top of the heap
* at the top of the pile
* at the top of the tree
* Bank Top
* big top
* bikini top
* blacktop
* blow one's top
* bottle top
* bunchy top
* camote tops
* carrot top
* cherrytop
* come out on top
* crop top
* curly top
* desktop
* double top
* Dowlais Top
* drop top
* eight-top
* flattop
* flip-top
* four-top
* from the top
* from top to bottom
* from top to toe
* gold top
* gold-top milk
* grass top
* grass tops
* green top
* halter top
* high-top
* hilltop
* hi-top
* hot top
* housetop
* humming top
* it's lonely at the top
* kamote tops
* lager top
* laptop
* loop-top
* mountaintop
* muffin top
* off the top of one's dome
* off the top of one's head
* old top
* one's elevator doesn't go all the way to the top
* on top
* on top of
* on top of the world
* open-top
* open-top bus
* out-top
* over the top
* palmtop
* peasant top
* pegtop
* peg-top trousers
* pillowtop
* pop-top
* power top
* pretty please with sugar on top
* race to the top
* red top
* roll-top
* rooftop
* round-top
* run like a top
* screw top
* service top
* set top box
* silver top
* sit-on-top
* six-top
* sleep like a top
* soft top
* spin-top
* stovetop
* strappy top
* tabletop
* take it from the top
* tank top
* Targa top
* tippe top
* tiptop
* top aerator
* top and but
* top and tail
* top-block
* top-chain
* top-down
* top-drain
* top-dress
* top-flag
* top fruit
* top-hamper
* top-heavy
* top-hole
* top kill
* topless
* top loader
* top minnow
* top of mind
* top of the hour
* top of the line
* top of the morning
* top of the shop
* topping
* top-rope
* top round
* tops-and-bottoms
* top-selling
* top-shaped
* topshell
* top-slicing
* top snail
* top speed
* top surgeon
* top surgery
* top-to-bottom
* top to tail
* top to toe
* to the top of one's bent
* treetop
* T-top
* tube top
* turban-top
* turnip tops
* two-top
* up top
* view from the top
* wooden-top
* wrist-top

#### Translations
### Verb

top (third-person singular simple present tops, present participle topping, simple past and past participle topped)
* To cover on the top or with a top.
    I like my ice cream topped with chocolate sauce.
* To exceed in height.
** 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros‎, London: Jonathan Cape, page 17:Five were proper slender youths, the eldest of whom had not yet beard full grown, black-browed and great of jaw; the sixth, huge as a neat, topped them by half a head.
* To excel, to surpass, to beat, to exceed.
    Synonyms: beat, better, best, exceed; see also Thesaurus:exceed
    Titanic was the most successful film ever until it was topped by another Cameron film, Avatar.
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:Well, my legitimate, if this letter speed, / And my invention thrive, Edmund the base / Shall top th' legitimate. I grow; I prosper
** 2005 August 23, Leslie Feinberg, “Headwaters of first mass political gay movement rise”, in Workers World‎:Within months, sales of ONE magazine were topping 2,000 copies.
** 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, number 941, page 50:The HSDT team, however, had some work to do, although by the end of 1972 the power car interior had been adjusted and BR had agreed to 'double-manning' with extra pay when speeds topped the ton. [exceeded 100 mph]
* To be in the lead, to be at number one position (of).
    Celine Dion topped the UK music charts twice in the 1990s.
** 2013 December 26, Phil McNulty, BBC Sport:Liverpool topped the table on Christmas Day and, after Arsenal's win at West Ham earlier on Boxing Day, would have returned to the top had they been the first team to beat City at home this season.
* To cut or remove the top (as of a tree)
    I don't want to be bald, so just top my hair.
    Top and tail the carrots.
** 2003, Dan Prendergast, Erin Prendergast, The Tree Doctor: A Guide to Tree Care and Maintenance, →ISBN, page 78:Topping depletes the tree of stored energy reserves and reduces the tree's ability to produce energy, as a large percentage of the leaves are removed.
* (British, slang, reflexive) To commit suicide.
    Depression causes many people to top themselves.
* (British, slang, rare, chiefly archaic) To murder or execute.
    Synonyms: kill, murder, slaughter, slay; see also Thesaurus:kill
** 1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, published 1861:Thirty-six were cast for death, and only one was ‘topped’ (hanged), the very one that expected to be ‘turned up’ (acquitted) for highway robbery.
* (BDSM) To be the dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.
    I used to be a slave, but I ended up topping.
    Giving advice to the dominant partner on how to run the BDSM session is called "topping from the bottom".
* (LGBTQ slang, transitive, intransitive) To penetrate during intercourse.
* (archaic) To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower.
    topping passions
** 1713, W[illiam] Derham, Physico-Theology: Or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, from His Works of Creation. […], London: […] W[illiam] Innys, […], →OCLC:lofty and topping mountains
** 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:, Book II, Chapter XXI
    influenced by that topping uneasiness
* (archaic) To excel; to rise above others.
* (nautical) To raise one end of (a yard, etc.), making it higher than the other.
* (dyeing) To cover with another dye.
    to top aniline black with methyl violet to prevent greening
* To put a stiffening piece or back on (a saw blade).
* (slang, dated) To arrange (fruit, etc.) with the best on top.
* (of a horse) To strike the top of (an obstacle) with the hind feet while jumping, so as to gain new impetus.
* To improve (domestic animals, especially sheep) by crossing certain individuals or breeds with other superior breeds.
* To cut, break, or otherwise take off the top of (a steel ingot) to remove unsound metal.
* (golf) To strike (the ball) above the centre; also, to make (a stroke, etc.) by hitting the ball in this way.

#### Derived terms

* top from the bottom
* top it off
* top off
* top one's boom
* top oneself
* top out
* top the charts
* top up
* to top it off
* untopped

#### Translations
### Adjective

top (not comparable)
* Situated on the top of something.
* (informal) Best; of the highest quality, fame or rank.
    She's in the top dance school.
* (informal) Very good, of high quality, power, or rank.
    He's a top lawyer.
    That is a top car.
** 2018 July 31, Julia Carrie Wong, “What is QAnon? Explaining the bizarre rightwing conspiracy theory”, in The Guardian‎:In a thread called “Calm Before the Storm”, and in subsequent posts, Q established his legend as a government insider with top security clearance who knew the truth about a secret struggle for power involving Donald Trump, the “deep state”, Robert Mueller, the Clintons, pedophile rings, and other stuff.

#### Derived terms

* a few roos loose in the top paddock
* a kangaroo loose in the top paddock
* a roo loose in the top paddock
* kangaroos in the top paddock
* top 40
* top-age
* top-aged
* top antiquark
* top-armour
* top banana
* top billing
* top bin
* top bollocks
* top brass
* top cat
* top-class
* top copy
* top dead center
* top deck
* top dog
* top dollar
* top drawer
* top drive
* top edge
* top-end
* top end of town
* top feed
* top fermentation
* top-fermenting
* top-flight
* top flight
* top forty
* top fuel
* top gear
* top-grade
* top gun
* top hand
* top hat
* top-hatted
* top ho
* top kek
* top-level
* top light
* top line
* top loin
* topmost
* top notch
* top note
* top-of-the-range
* top order
* top pair
* top piece
* top-post
* top-priority
* top priority
* top-quality
* top rake
* top-ranking
* top scorer
* top secret
* top seed
* top sheet
* top shelf
* top-shelf
* top spot
* top ten
* top tier
* top tube
* top whack

#### Translations
### Adverb

top (not comparable)
* Best, highest.
    Our product is top-rated on all major platforms.
    This is the top-performing school in the area.

#### Synonyms

* first

### See also

* top-dimensional (contains the word "top", but unrelated to the above etymologies)
* topple

### References

* ↑ Edward H[enry] Knight (1877) “Top”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes III (REA–ZYM), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* OPT, OPt, OTP, PTO, TPO, oPt, opt, opt., pot

## Albanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top).

### Noun

top m (plural topa, definite topi, definite plural topat)
* ball
    Synonym: gogë
* (in the plural) slang for testicles

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “top”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “top”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *top.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

top (definite accusative topu, plural toplar)
* ball
* cannon
* (chess) rook
* roll (of paper or cloth)
* pile, stack
* bale, pack

#### Derived terms

* topalamaq (“to heap, to pile”)
* topçu (“cannoneer”)
* topuq (“ankle”)

### See also

Chess pieces in Azerbaijani · şahmat fiqurları (layout · text) :
| şah | vəzir | top | fil | at | piyada |

## Baure
### Noun

top
* fog

## Crimean Tatar
### Noun

top (accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
* ball
* lump
* cannon

#### Derived terms

* babaytop
* toplaşuv
* topçu
* top qundağı

### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtop]

### Verb

top
* second-person singular imperative of topit

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse toppr, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz.

### Noun

top c (singular definite toppen, plural indefinite toppe)
* summit, peak
* hairpiece
* top (uppermost part, lid, cap, cover, garment worn to cover the torso, child’s spinning toy)

#### Derived terms

* fra top til tå
* tophastighed
* tophue
* topløs
* topmøde
* topnøgle
* toppakning
* toppunkt
* topstilling
* topstykke

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔp/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: top
* Rhymes: -ɔp

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch top, topp, from Old Dutch *topp, *top, from Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz. The sexual sense is borrowed from English top.

#### Noun

top m (plural toppen, diminutive topje n)
* top (uppermost part)
* (figurative) apex
* summit, peak (high point of a mountain or object)
* summit, highest-level assembly
* top (piece of women's clothing)
* (LGBTQ and BDSM slang) top (active or dominant sexual partner)
    Coordinate term: bottom

##### Derived terms

* bergtop
* klimaattop
* subtop
* top-
* topprestatie
* toppunt
* topsport
* vingertop
* vredestop
* wereldtop

##### Descendants

* Negerhollands: top

### Etymology 2

Either derived from the noun at Etymology 1, or borrowed from English top.

#### Adjective

top
* (colloquial) great, very good

##### Derived terms

* toppie

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

top
* (denominal) inflection of toppen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### Anagrams

* pot

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English top.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔp/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

top m (plural tops)
* top; shirt or garment covering the upper body
* a signalling sound; beep

### Adjective

top (feminine toppe, masculine plural tops, feminine plural toppes)
* top; best; highest in rank; maximum
* excellent; brilliant
* (gay slang) top (penetrator)
    Synonym: actif

#### Antonyms

* bottom

### Adverb

top
* at most; maximum

### Further reading

* “top”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔp/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English top.

#### Adjective

top (not comparable)
* (colloquial) top (of the highest quality or rank)
    hopp oder top ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
** 2022 June 8, Niclas Hildebrand, quotee, “Müller/Tillmanns Aufstieg: Bei WM hoch gehandelt”, in Süddeutsche Zeitung‎:“Cinja ist in einer top athletischen Verfassung. Das gilt auch für Svenja”, sagt er.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Etymology 2
#### Interjection

top
* Alternative form of topp

### Further reading

* “top” in Duden online
* “top” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English top.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔp/
* Rhymes: -ɔp
* Hyphenation: tòp

### Noun

top m (invariable)
* (woman's dressing, garment) top

### References

* ↑ top in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Karaim
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *top. Cognate with Turkish, Azerbaijani, and Crimean Tatar top, Uzbek to‘p, Kazakh доп (dop), Southern Altai топ (top, “round thing”), etc.

### Noun

top
* ball

### References

N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “top”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Topf.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔp/
* Rhymes: -ɔp
* Syllabification: top

### Noun

top m inan (diminutive topk or topùszk)
* Synonym of kòcelnik

### Further reading

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “czajnik”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎

## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | توْپ |

### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *top.

### Pronunciation

* (Xarrâbî) IPA: [top], [tŭɔ(ˑ)p]

### Numeral

top (definite accusative topı, plural toplar)
* ball

#### Declension
### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

## Latvian
### Verb

top
* third-person singular/plural present indicative of tapt
* (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of tapt
* (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of tapt

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* toppe, topp, tope, toop

### Etymology

From Old English topp, toppa, from Proto-West Germanic *topp.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔp/, /tɔːp/

### Noun

top (plural toppes)
* The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:
** The peak of a mountain or other landform.
** The roof or ceil of a house; the top of a fence.
** A lid or cap; a removable top or topping.
** The head, especially its top or the hair on its top.
* A small deck at the dop of a ship's sails.
* A cluster or bunch of fibres; a tassel.
* A top or whirligig (spinning toy)
* The start or introduction of something.
* (rare) The tip or end of something; that which something terminates in.

#### Derived terms

* toppen
* toppyng

#### Descendants

* English: top
** → French: top
** → German: Top
** → Vietnamese: tốp
* Scots: tap

#### References

* “top, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-08-12.
* “top, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-08-12.

## Mopan Maya
### Adverb

top
* very

### References

* Hofling, Charles Andrew (2011). Mopan Maya–Spanish–English Dictionary, University of Utah Press.

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Turkish top, from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top), from Proto-Turkic *top (“round thing”).

### Noun

top f
* ball (usually spherical object used for playing games)
* cannon

## Old English
### Noun

top m
* Alternative form of topp

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* tup, tupe, tope, toup

### Etymology

From Frankish *topp.

### Noun

top oblique singular, m (oblique plural tos, nominative singular tos, nominative plural top)
* hair on top of one's head, forelock
* top, highest point
* tuft of flax placed on distaff
* top (ship)

#### Descendants

* → Galician: tope
* → Spanish: tope
* → Portuguese: topo
* ⇒ Old French: toupet
** → Old Galician-Portuguese: topete
*** Galician: topete
*** Portuguese: topete
** Middle French: toupet, topet
*** French: toupet (see there for further descendants)
** Norman: toupet, tupé
** → Middle English: topet
* ⇒? Old French: topoie, toupie, tourpe, tourpie
** Middle French: toupie
*** French: toupie

### References

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (top)
* tup on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔp/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔp
* Syllabification: top

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English top. Doublet of tupet.

#### Noun

top m inan
* (sailing) top (the upper end of a mast)
* top (garment worn to cover the torso)

##### Declension
#### Adjective

top (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (slang) top notch (very good; of the highest level or quality)
    Synonyms: modny, popularny

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

top
* second-person singular imperative of topić

### Further reading

* top I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* top II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* top in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English top.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɔ.pi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɔ.pi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɔ.pe/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈtɔ.pɨ/
* Homophone: tope

### Adjective

top (invariable)
* (colloquial) cool, awesome
* (colloquial) top, excellent, high-quality
    Synonym: top de linha

#### Derived terms

* hétero top
* top de linha
* topzeira

### Noun

top m (plural tops)
* top (garment worn to cover the torso)

#### Related terms

* topless

### Further reading

* “top”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “top”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtop/
* Rhymes: -op

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Turkish top.

#### Noun

top n (plural topuri)
* ream (of paper)
* cotton pack

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English top.

#### Noun

top n (plural topuri)
* top list, chart, ranking
* top (garment worn to cover the torso)

##### Declension
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tôp/

### Noun

tȍp m (Cyrillic spelling то̏п)
* cannon
* (chess) rook

#### Declension
### See also

Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian · šahovske figure / шаховске фигуре (layout · text) :
| kralj краљ | dama, kraljica дама, краљица | top, kula топ, кула | lovac, trkač, laufer ловац, тркач, лауфер | skakač, konj скакач, коњ | pješak, pešak, pion, pijun пјешак, пешак, пион, пијун |

## Slovene
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *tǫpъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔ́p/

#### Adjective

tȍp (comparative bȍlj tȍp, superlative nȁjbolj tȍp)
* blunt

##### Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔ́p/

#### Noun

tȍp m inan
* cannon

##### Inflection
### Further reading

* “top”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English top.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtop/ [ˈt̪op]
* Rhymes: -op
* Syllabification: top

### Noun

top m (plural tops)
* top (first positions of a ranking)
* top (female clothing)

#### Derived terms

* ir en top

### Adjective

top m or f (masculine and feminine plural tops)
* (proscribed) top (situated on the top of something)
    Synonym: mejor
* (proscribed) top (best; of the highest quality or rank)
    Synonym: el mejor
* (proscribed) top (very good, of high quality)
    Synonym: muy bueno

### References

* “top”, in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas [Panhispanic Dictionary of Doubts] (in Spanish), 2nd edition, Royal Spanish Academy; Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, 2023, →ISBN

### Further reading

* “top”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tocharian A
### Etymology

Compare Tocharian B taupe.

### Noun

top
* mine (place where ore is extracted)

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top), from Proto-Turkic *top (“round thing”). Cognate with Azerbaijani top, Uzbek to‘p, Uyghur توپ (top), Kazakh доп (dop) etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /top/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

top (definite accusative topu, plural toplar)
* ball
* cannon
* (slang, derogatory) gay

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
top
toplar
definite accusative
topu
topları
dative
topa
toplara
locative
topta
toplarda
ablative
toptan
toplardan
genitive
topun
topların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
topum
toplarım
2nd singular
topun
topların
3rd singular
topu
topları
1st plural
topumuz
toplarımız
2nd plural
topunuz
toplarınız
3rd plural
topları
topları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
topumu
toplarımı
2nd singular
topunu
toplarını
3rd singular
topunu
toplarını
1st plural
topumuzu
toplarımızı
2nd plural
topunuzu
toplarınızı
3rd plural
toplarını
toplarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
topuma
toplarıma
2nd singular
topuna
toplarına
3rd singular
topuna
toplarına
1st plural
topumuza
toplarımıza
2nd plural
topunuza
toplarınıza
3rd plural
toplarına
toplarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
topumda
toplarımda
2nd singular
topunda
toplarında
3rd singular
topunda
toplarında
1st plural
topumuzda
toplarımızda
2nd plural
topunuzda
toplarınızda
3rd plural
toplarında
toplarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
topumdan
toplarımdan
2nd singular
topundan
toplarından
3rd singular
topundan
toplarından
1st plural
topumuzdan
toplarımızdan
2nd plural
topunuzdan
toplarınızdan
3rd plural
toplarından
toplarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
topumun
toplarımın
2nd singular
topunun
toplarının
3rd singular
topunun
toplarının
1st plural
topumuzun
toplarımızın
2nd plural
topunuzun
toplarınızın
3rd plural
toplarının
toplarının :

#### Related terms

* sutopu
* topaç
* toparlak
* topçu
* topuk

## Volapük
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place”).

### Noun

top (nominative plural tops)
* place

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Related terms

* topäd

## Welsh
### Etymology

Borrowed from English top.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔp/
* Rhymes: -ɔp

### Noun

top m (plural topiau)
* top (upper part of something)

#### Derived terms

* di-dop
* topyn

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “top”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies