# tar
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /tɑː/
* (General American) IPA: /tɑɹ/, [tʰɑɻ], [tʰɑɹ]
** Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* (Ireland) IPA: /tæːɹ/
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

* PIE word
* *dóru
From Middle English ter, terr, tarr, from Old English teoru, from Proto-West Germanic *teru, from Proto-Germanic *terwą (compare Saterland Frisian Taar, West Frisian tarre, tar, Dutch teer, German Teer), from Proto-Indo-European *derwo- (compare Welsh derw (“oaks”), Lithuanian dervà (“pinewood, resin”), Russian де́рево (dérevo, “tree”), Bulgarian дърво́ (dǎrvó, “tree”)), from *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.

#### Noun

tar (countable and uncountable, plural tars)
* (usually uncountable) A black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal.
** Coal tar.
** (uncountable) A solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.
* (slang, dated) A sailor, because of the traditional tarpaulin clothes.
    Synonyms: Jack Tar, jacktar, jack
** 1723, Jonathan Swift, To Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough‎:Shines in all climates like a star; In senates bold, and fierce in war; A land commander, and a tar.
** 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick:a ruminating tar was […] adorning [the wooden settle] with his jack-knife, […] trying his hand at a ship under full sail.
** 1915, W. McMann, “Our Picture Show”, in Western Evening Herald:If there's one man that I admire, that man's a British tar.
* (uncountable) Black tar, a form of heroin.

##### Derived terms

* Archangel tar
* beat the tar out of
* birch tar
* black as tar
* black tar
* coal tar
* gas tar
* green tar
* Jack Tar
* jacktar
* juniper tar
* mineral tar
* pine tar
* pitch-tar
* slow as tar
* spoil the ship for a hap'orth of tar
* Stockholm tar
* tar baby
* tar board
* tar boil
* tarbrush
* tar derby
* Tar Heel
* tarlike
* tarmac
* tarmacadam
* tar paper
* tarpaulin
* tar pit
* tarpot
* tar sand
* tar spot
* tar water
* tarweed
* the tackies hit the tar
* touch of the tar brush
* wood tar

##### Translations
#### Verb

tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)
* (transitive) To coat with tar.
* (transitive) To besmirch.
    The allegations tarred his name, even though he was found innocent.
** 1995, Paul Robinson, The Gate Contracts:Dr. Sign: In fact, maybe you think I should get credit, but if I do, Dr. Frendall will be scorned. You know why Dr. Ellsworth: Yes, I know. Your critics will tar him with the same brush as you.

##### Derived terms

* tar and feather
* tar out
* tar with the same brush, tar with the same stick (dated)

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Abbreviation of tape archive.

#### Noun

tar (plural tars)
* (computing) A program for archiving files, common on Unix systems.
* (computing) A file produced by such a program.

##### Derived terms

* tarball
* tarbomb
* tarfile

##### Translations
#### Verb

tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)
* (computing, transitive) To create a tar archive.

##### Antonyms

* untar

##### Derived terms

* untar

### Etymology 3

From Persian تار (târ). Doublet of tantra.

#### Alternative forms

* tār

#### Noun

tar (plural tars)
* A Persian long-necked, waisted string instrument, shared by many cultures and countries in the Middle East and the Caucasus.

##### See also

* Appendix:Glossary of chordophones

### Etymology 4

From Arabic طار (ṭār).

#### Noun

tar (plural tars)
* A single-headed round frame drum originating in North Africa and the Middle East.

##### See also

* Appendix:Glossary of membranophones

##### References

* 2001. Drum Circle: A Guide to World Percussion. Chalo Eduardo, Frank Kumor. Pg. 18.

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

tar (plural tars)
* Alternative form of tara (“Indian coin”)

### Anagrams

* RAT, TRA, ART, ATR, art, RTA, rat, Rat, rta, Art, tra, 'rat, 'art, art.

## Aromanian
### Noun

tar m (plural tari)
* donkey

#### Synonyms

* gumar/yumar, shonj/shonjiu, cãci, tãronj/tãroanji, uci, uricljat, dãnglãrã, dãngã

#### Derived terms

* tãronj

## Asturian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin stāre. Compare Spanish estar, Aragonese estar, Galician estar, Portuguese estar, Catalan estar.

### Verb

tar
* to be (referring to geographical place)
* to be (referring to something temporary)
* to be (for use in constructing continuous verb forms)
    tas xugando ― you are playing

#### Conjugation

* Reference: http://www.academiadelallingua.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Gramatica_Llingua.pdf

#### See also

* ser

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian تار (târ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɑr]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tar (definite accusative tarı, plural tarlar)
* tar

#### Declension
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowing from an Oghur language, before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *tāŕ (“bald”). Cognates include Turkish dazlak (“bald”), Karakhanid تازْ (tāz, “bald”), and Middle Mongol [script needed] (tarasun, “bald”), the latter perhaps a Turkic borrowing too.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɒr]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒr

### Adjective

tar (not comparable)
* bald
    Synonym: kopasz

#### Derived terms

* tarol

### References

* ↑ tar in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* tar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tar/
* Hyphenation: tar
* Rhymes: -tar, -ar, -r
* Audio (Indonesia):(file)

### Etymology 1

Unknown.

#### Noun

tar (plural tar-tar)
* Alternative spelling of tir (chess pieces)

### Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

#### Noun

tar (plural tar-tar)
* (onomatopoeic) whipping sound

### Etymology 3

From Dutch taart, from Middle Dutch tāerte, from Old French tarte.

#### Noun

tar (plural tar-tar)
* (cooking) a type of cake
    Synonym: kue tar

##### Alternative forms

* tart [tat] (Johor-Riau)

### Etymology 4

From English tar, from Proto-Germanic *terwą, from Proto-Indo-European *derwo-. Doublet of ter and tir.

#### Noun

tar (plural tar-tar)
* tar, the solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke

##### Usage notes

Other definition of tar translated into ter or tir.

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

tar (plural tar-tar)
* (colloquial) aphetic form of sebentar

### Further reading

* “tar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish do·icc. The imperative is from a related verb, do·airicc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪ˠaɾˠ/

### Verb

tar (present analytic tagann, future analytic tiocfaidh, verbal noun teacht, past participle tagtha)
* to come
    Tiocfaidh ár lá.Our day will come.
* to survive, pull through
    Bhí a ndeartháir ar leaba an bháis, ach tháinig sé.Their brother was on his deathbed, but he pulled through.
    Bádh a hathair agus tháinig a máthair.Her father drowned and her mother survived.

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | teacht | teacht | teacht | teacht | teacht | teacht | teacht | teacht |
| past participle | tagtha | tagtha | tagtha | tagtha | tagtha | tagtha | tagtha | tagtha |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | tagaim | tagann tú; tagair$^†$ | tagann sé, sí | tagaimid; tagann muid | tagann sibh | tagann siad; tagaid$^†$ | a thagann; a thagas / a dtagann*; a dtagas* | tagtar |
| past | tháinig mé; thánag | tháinig tú; thángais | tháinig sé, sí | thángamar; tháinig muid | tháinig sibh; thángabhair | tháinig siad; thángadar | a tháinig / ar tháinig* | thángthas |
| past habitual | thagainn / dtagainn‡‡ | thagtá / dtagtá‡‡ | thagadh sé, sí / dtagadh sé, sí‡‡ | thagaimis; thagadh muid / dtagaimis‡‡; dtagadh muid‡‡ | thagadh sibh / dtagadh sibh‡‡ | thagaidís; thagadh siad / dtagaidís‡‡; dtagadh siad‡‡ | a thagadh / a dtagadh* | thagtaí / dtagtaí‡‡ |
| future | tiocfaidh mé; tiocfad | tiocfaidh tú; tiocfair$^†$ | tiocfaidh sé, sí | tiocfaimid; tiocfaidh muid | tiocfaidh sibh | tiocfaidh siad; tiocfaid$^†$ | a thiocfaidh, a thiocfas / a dtiocfaidh*, a dtiocfas* | tiocfar |
| conditional | thiocfainn / dtiocfainn‡‡ | thiocfá / dtiocfá‡‡ | thiocfadh sé, sí / dtiocfadh sé, sí‡‡ | thiocfaimis; thiocfadh muid / dtiocfaimis‡‡; dtiocfadh muid‡‡ | thiocfadh sibh / dtiocfadh sibh‡‡ | thiocfaidís; thiocfadh siad / dtiocfaidís‡‡; dtiocfadh siad‡‡ | a thiocfadh / a dtiocfadh* | thiocfaí / dtiocfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go dtaga mé; go dtagad$^†$ | go dtaga tú; go dtagair$^†$ | go dtaga sé, sí | go dtagaimid; go dtaga muid | go dtaga sibh | go dtaga siad; go dtagaid$^†$ | — | go dtagtar |
| past | dá dtagainn | dá dtagtá | dá dtagadh sé, sí | dá dtagaimis; dá dtagadh muid | dá dtagadh sibh | dá dtagaidís; dá dtagadh siad | — | dá dtagtaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | tagaim | tar | tagadh sé, sí | tagaimis | tagaigí; tagaidh$^†$ | tagaidís | — | tagtar |
*indirect relative † dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Forms based on the stem tig- (e.g. tigim and tig/tigeann) are found in Ulster, North Mayo and parts of Munster; in at least some of these varieties there may also be spontaneous lenition to thig etc. even in environments where no lenition is expected. Forms based on the stem teag- (e.g. teagaim, teagann) are found in parts of Connacht.
The present analytic tig is particularly common in tar le (“be able”).
The obsolete present subjunctive tí is now found only in the preposition go dtí (“to, toward, up to, until”).
Alternative forms of the second-person singular imperative include tair in Munster, teighre in Aran, teara in Connemara, and gabh in Ulster.

#### Derived terms

* tar amach
* tar ar
* tar i bhfeidhm
* tar le
* tar slán

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *t(i)ār.

### Adjective

tar
* narrow

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “tar”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Karakalpak
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *t(i)ār.

### Adjective

tar
* narrow

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, editor (1958), “тар”, in Karakalpaksko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Karakalpak-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Akademija Nauk Uzbekskoj SSR, →ISBN

## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic طَارَ (ṭāra).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taːr/
* Rhymes: -aːr

### Verb

tar (imperfect jtir, verbal noun tajran)
* to fly
** 1970, Anton Buttigieg, “Fil-Ġnien”, in Fl-Arena:Ta’ ferħ u serħ imlietni, u bħall-għasafar u l-friefet jien għamilt: minn fjur għal fjur ħsiebi tar bħal farfett, taħt siġra kbira qalbi fesdqet il-għana bħal għasfur.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to be quick

#### Conjugation
## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish do·icc.

### Verb

tar (verbal noun çheet, simple past haink, future hig, conditional harragh)
* to come
    Haink ee er etlan.She came by plane.

#### Derived terms

* tar er-ash (“return”)

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

tar
* Alternative form of tare (“vetch”)

### Etymology 2
#### Determiner

tar
* (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of þeir

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

tar
* present of ta

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Verb

tar
* present of ta

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* dar

### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *taras, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂és, from the root *terh₂- (“to cross”).
The voiced variant dar is the original one, since *t in proclitics regularly became d in Old Irish. Tar with a voiceless initial consonant is analogical after its conjugated forms.

### Preposition

tar (with accusative)
* over, across

#### Inflection

Forms combined with the definite article:
* tarsin (masculine/feminine singular)
* tarsa (neuter singular)
* tarsna (plural all genders)
Forms combined with a possessive determiner:
* tarm(u), darm (first person singular)
* t(a)ra, dara (third person)
Forms combined with a possessive pronoun:
* tar(s)a·, dara·

#### Derived terms

* tar cenn

#### Descendants

* Irish: thar
* Manx: har, harrish
* Scottish Gaelic: thar

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*taras”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
* ↑ McCone, Kim (1981) “Final /t/ to /d/ after Unstressed Vowels, and an Old Irish Sound Law”, in Ériu‎, volume 32, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved November 25, 2022, pages 29–44

### Further reading

* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 434, 854; reprinted 2017
* Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 150

## Pali
### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit तॄ (tṝ).

### Root

tar (Pali name tara)
* to cross

#### Derived terms

* tarati
* tareti
* uttarati
* taraṇa
* uttara

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtar/
* Rhymes: -ar
* Syllabification: tar

### Noun

tar f
* genitive plural of tara

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* tá (Brazil)

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈta(ʁ)/ [ˈta(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈta(ʁ)/ [ˈta(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈta(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈta(ʁ)/ [ˈta(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈta(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈtaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈtaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈta.ɾi/
* Rhymes: -aɾ

### Verb

tar
* (Portugal) Nonstandard spelling of estar.
** 1983, Manuel da Costa Fontes, Romanceiro da Ilha de São Jorge, Universidade de Coimbra, page 236:
    Eu tou aqui nesta serraI’m here in this mountain chain

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian tár.

### Noun

tar m (plural taruri)
* unit of measurement for weights

#### Declension
## Sumerian
### Romanization

tar
* Romanization of 𒋻 (tar)

## Swedish
### Verb

tar
* present indicative of ta

### Anagrams

* art

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English tar, from Old English teoru, from Proto-West Germanic *teru.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tar/
* Homophone: thar

### Noun

tar
* tar
** 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 10:Aal haar, an wi eyen lik torches o tar?""All hair, and with eyes like torches of tar,"

### References

* Kathleen A. Browne (1927) “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎, volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 132