# 淘

| 淘 | U+6DD8, &#28120; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DD8 |
| ← 淗 [U+6DD7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 淙 → [U+6DD9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

淘 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水心人山 (EPOU), four-corner 3712$_0$, composition ⿰氵匋)

#### Derived characters

* 𬞇

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 629, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17642
* Dae Jaweon: page 1032, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1656, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6DD8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 掏 | *l̥ʰuː, *l'uː |
| 蜪 | *l̥ʰuː, *l'uː |
| 陶 | *bl'uː, *luː |
| 萄 | *l'uː |
| 啕 | *l'uː |
| 淘 | *l'uː |
| 騊 | *l'uː |
| 匋 | *bl'uː |
| 祹 | *l'uː |
| 綯 | *l'uː |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'uː): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): táo (tao$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tou$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thò
    (Hailu, HRS): to
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dor$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tô / tô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tao$^5$ / do$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$dau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: táo
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: táo
*** Wade–Giles: tʻao$^2$
*** Yale: táu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taur
*** Palladius: тао (tao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^4$
*** Yale: tòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thò
*** Hakka Romanization System: to$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: to$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰo¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: to
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dor$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dó̤
*** Sinological IPA : /tɒ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô
*** Tâi-lô: tô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dooi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /to¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /to²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô͘
*** Tâi-lô: tôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: doo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tao$^5$ / do$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâu / tô
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰau⁵⁵/, /to⁵⁵/
* tao5 - literary;
* do5 - vernacular.
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'uː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 淘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12366 |
| Phonetic component | 匋 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 陶 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'uː/ |

### Definitions

淘
* to wash in a container in order to remove impurities; to pan
    淘金 ― táojīn ― to pan for gold
    淘汰 ― táotài ― to eliminate; to weed out
* (dialectal) to search for goods in an old market
    淘舊書／淘旧书 ― táo jiùshū ― to search and buy old books
* to dredge; to clean out
    淘井 ― táojǐng ― to dredge a well
* to expend; to consume; to use up; to spend
* (dialectal) naughty; mischievous
    淘氣／淘气 ― táoqì ― naughty; mischievous
    這孩子淘得很！／这孩子淘得很！ [dialectal Mandarin] ― Zhè háizi táo de hěn! [Pinyin] ― This kid is very naughty!
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 頑皮, 調皮, 淘氣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 皮, 淘氣, 淘, 猴, 猴兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 皮, 調皮, 頑皮, 淘氣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 調皮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 頑皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 皮, 淘, 猴兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 調皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 調皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 費 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 調皮 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 調皮, 皮, 淘 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 費勁 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 匪, 淘氣, 俏皮, 皮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 皮臉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 淘氣, 費, 千方兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 神, 調皮, 淘氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 淘氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 跳皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 跳皮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 調皮, 皮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 犯厭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 調皮, 皮, 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 跳皮, 百厭, 韌皮, 曳, 反斗, 星君, 扭計, 扭紋, 壞, 煞氣, 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 跳皮, 百厭, 韌皮, 曳, 反斗, 壞, 星君, 犯神 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 懆 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 曳, 跳皮, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 韌皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 曳, 跳皮, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 曳 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 跳皮, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 壞, 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 壞 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 百厭, 壞 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 壞賞, 壞, 曳, 搞家, 譑蠻, 飛耍, 惡教, 匪類, 扭紋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 壞賞, 壞 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 壞鬼 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 韌皮 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 曳, 百厭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 百厭, 跳皮 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 跳皮, 蠻皮 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 跳皮, 百厭, 牛骨, 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 韌皮, 百厭, 百跳 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 頑, 牛骨 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 跳皮, 勿乖 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 頑皮 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 韌皮 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 扭計, 曳, 百厭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 調皮, 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蠻皮, 蠻, 番綻, 綻頭, 綻皮, 綻, 懆, 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 蠻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 調皮, 綻頭, 懆 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 賤 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Changting | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 綻 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 浪綻, 懆 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 綻, 孽 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 綻, 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 番綻, 蠻皮, 綻頭, 孱頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 殘, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 蓋牛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 番綻, 蠻綻, 綻, 綻頭, 孱頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 番綻, 綻頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 番綻, 綻頭, 綻剁頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 狡怪, 番, 賤頭, 牛, 牛頭, 牛獗, 賤, 真牛 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 頑皮 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 跳皮 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 跳皮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 頑皮 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 調皮 |
| Jin | Handan | 費 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 刁皮, 韌皮 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刁皮, 楞蟶 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 調皮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 孽, 孽潲, 孽唆, 跳鬼, 刁皮, 跳限, 跳塌, 賤, 歹死, 揲, 揲篤, 皮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 孽, 孽潲, 孽唆, 跳鬼, 賤, 歹死, 皮 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 孽, 孽潲, 賤, 歹, 歹死, 皮 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 賤 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 賤 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 狡怪 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 作孽, 孽, 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 孽 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 狡怪 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 孽, 怪孽, 歹死 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 孽, 孽死, 孽潲, 賤, 歹死 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 歹死, 孽, 孽潲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 調皮, 惡蠻, 蠻 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 頑皮 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 燦頭 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 野, 野死, 好耍, 頑皮 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 跳皮 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 孬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 跳皮 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 頑皮, 跳皮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 頑皮, 皮, 賴皮, 搨皮, 淘氣 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 厭, 調皮, 頑皮 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 皮, 調皮, 厭 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 厭, 皮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 調皮, 皮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 厭, 調皮 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 皮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 調皮, 皮, 皮蚩, 蠻, 惡 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 調皮, 皮, 皮面 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 跳皮, 跳夾 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 跳皮, 頑皮 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 頑皮 |

### Compounds

* 不淘神
* 冷淘
* 單淘汰 / 单淘汰
* 天然淘汰
* 扒街淘空
* 沙裡淘金 / 沙里淘金
* 活淘氣 / 活淘气
* 浪淘沙
* 浪淘淘
* 淘井 (táojǐng)
* 淘去
* 淘古井
* 淘寫 / 淘写
* 淘換 / 淘换
* 淘氣 / 淘气 (táoqì)
* 淘氣憨頑 / 淘气憨顽
* 淘氣鬼 / 淘气鬼 (táoqìguǐ)
* 淘沙
* 淘汰 (táotài)
* 淘汰賽 / 淘汰赛 (táotàisài)
* 淘河
* 淘洗
* 淘淥 / 淘渌
* 淘淘
* 淘漉
* 淘澄
* 淘澄飛跌 / 淘澄飞跌
* 淘瀉 / 淘泻
* 淘真
* 淘神 (táoshén)
* 淘空
* 淘籮 / 淘箩
* 淘米 (táomǐ)
* 淘虛 / 淘虚
* 淘選作用 / 淘选作用
* 淘金 (táojīn)
* 淘金夢 / 淘金梦
* 淘金客
* 淘閒氣 / 淘闲气
* 淘鹽 / 淘盐
* 瞎淘淘
* 自然淘汰 (zìrán táotài)
* 閑淘氣 / 闲淘气

### References

* “淘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “淘”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 174.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: どう (dō)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: ゆる (yuru, 淘る)、よなぐ (yonagu, 淘ぐ)、よなげる (yonageru, 淘げる)

#### Compounds

* 淘去(とうきょ) (tōkyo): washing away
* 淘汰(とうた) (tōta)
* 淘来(とうらい) (tōrai): washing near

#### See also

* 淘(ゆ)る (yuru)
* 淘(よな)ぐ (yonagu)
* 淘(よな)げる (yonageru)

## Korean
### Hanja

淘 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

淘: Hán Nôm readings: đào, rào
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.