# ghost
## English
### Alternative forms

* ghoast, gost (both obsolete)

### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English gost, from Old English gāst (which was the word for “spirit” as well as “ghost”; the original sense survives in Modern English Holy Ghost), from Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysdos, derived from *ǵʰéysd- (“anger, agitation”).
The ⟨h⟩ in the spelling appears in the Prologue to William Caxton's Royal Book, printed in 1484, in a reference to the ‘Holy Ghoost’, likely introduced by Caxton's assistant, Wynkyn de Worde, as a result of Flemish influence, where it was spelled gheest at the time. Doublet of geist.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɡəʊst/
* (General American) IPA: /ɡoʊst/
* (General Australian) IPA: /ɡɐʉst/
* (Indic, spelling pronunciation) IPA: /ɡʱoːsʈ/
* Rhymes: -əʊst
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

ghost (countable and uncountable, plural ghosts)
* (uncommon or dated) The spirit; the human soul.
    Synonyms: essence, soul, spirit; see also Thesaurus:ghost
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 31:hen gins her grieued ghost thus to lament and mourne.
** 2013, Kenneth Palmer, Just Thoughts: Looking at Man's Whole Self, page 20:Enlightening the eyes and a taste for hope, emotions are felt from an inward ghost.
** 2014, Neville Moray, Science, Cells and Souls: An Introduction to Human Nature:If I thought that “I” referred to my inner ghost, I wouldn't be worried because a bullet can't hurt a ghost, and equally there would be no point in your shooting.
** 2017, Anastasia Burton, You and I, in a Thousand Moons:It also required four years of finding your inner ghost and becoming one with it. The inner ghost is within every person who is still alive.
* The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death.
    Synonyms: apparition, bogey, haint, phantom, revenant, specter, spook, wraith
    Everyone believed that the ghost of an old lady haunted the crypt.
** 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):The mighty ghosts of our great Harries rose.
** 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere:I thought that I had died in sleep/And was a blessed ghost
** 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:For a moment I was puzzled, but presently, of course, it struck me that he must have seen Ayesha, wrapped in her grave-like garment, and been deceived by the extraordinary undulating smoothness of her walk into a belief that she was a white ghost gliding towards him.
** 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:Hepaticology, outside the temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere, still lies deep in the shadow cast by that ultimate "closet taxonomist," Franz Stephani—a ghost whose shadow falls over us all.
* Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image.
    Synonyms: glimmer, glimmering, glimpse, hint, inkling, phantom, spark, suggestion.
** 1845 February, — Quarles [pseudonym; Edgar Allan Poe], “The Raven”, in The American Review‎, volume I, number II, New York, N.Y., London: Wiley & Putnam, […], →OCLC:And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
** 1984 December 29, Duncan Mitchel, “The Cult of Gay Machismo”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 25, page 14:Armistead Maupin's novels reflect more awareness of, and affection for, the texture of real life than As If After Sex. Maupin's characters may get into cartoonlike adventures, but they are real people. Torchia's characters do drearily familiar things, but they are ghosts.
** 2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist‎, volume 101, number 3, archived from the original on 17 July 2013, pages 206–7:Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.
** 2017 July 23, Brandon Nowalk, “The great game begins with a bang on Game Of Thrones (newbies)”, in The Onion AV Club‎:[…] She barely answers his questions. She’s a ghost of herself. And then Hot Pie gives us the key to Arya’s whole thing this season so far: She didn’t know that Jon had defeated the Boltons.
    not a ghost of a chance
    the ghost of an idea
* A false image formed in a telescope, camera, or other optical device by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses. (Can we verify this sense?)
* An unwanted image similar to and overlapping or adjacent to the main one on a television screen, caused by the transmitted image being received both directly and via reflection.
    Synonym: echo
** 2007, Albert Abramson, The History of Television, 1942 to 2000, page 60:There was less flicker, jitter was nonexistent, and the screen pattern had been rendered far more viewworthy, with ghosts being virtually suppressed.
* A ghostwriter.
    I've written both as a ghost for experts and under my name.
* A nonexistent person invented to obtain some (typically fraudulent) benefit.
** 2004, Joint Learning Initiative, Global Equity Initiative, Human Resources for Health: Overcoming the Crisis, page 76:Some health systems are plagued by "ghost" and "absent" workers. Ghost workers are nonexistent, listed in the payroll, and paid, a clear sign of corruption.
** 2008, The Asia-Pacific Human Development Report, page 63:1,500 secondary schools in Jiangxi found 125 cases of illegally collected Ghosts and Absentees fees worth $2 million.
** 2023, Barony of Ponte Alto, Society for Creative Anachronism, Ponte Alto Pennsic Encampment 2023 - Barony Registration:
    Before filling out this form, please visit the Pennsic Pre-Registration Page to create your account and enter your campers and ghosts [nonexistent campers one pays for to legitimately increase the size of one's allotted camping space].
* A dead person whose identity is stolen by another. See ghosting. (Can we verify this sense?)
* (Internet) An unresponsive user on IRC, resulting from the user's client disconnecting without notifying the server.
** 2004, Paul Mutton, IRC Hacks: 100 Industrial-Strength Tips & Tools, page 31:This will let you open a query with NickServ again so you can remove your “ghost” from the server: […]
* (computing) A copy of a file or record.
    Synonym: backup
* (theater) An understudy. (Can we verify this sense?)
* (espionage) A covert (and deniable) agent.
    Synonyms: spook, spy
* The faint image that remains after an attempt to remove graffiti.
    Synonym: shadow
** 1992, Maurice J. Whitford, Getting Rid of Graffiti, page 45:Regardless of GRM used, graffiti ghosts persist. Protect cladding with surface coating or replace with graffiti resistant paint or laminate.
* (video games) An opponent in a racing game that follows a previously recorded route, allowing players to compete against previous best times.
** 2012, Keith Burgun, Game Design Theory: A New Philosophy for Understanding Games:This is also the case for some racing games (Super Mario Kart is a good example) that allow you to compete against your ghosts, which are precise recordings of your performance.
* Someone whose identity cannot be established because there are no records of such a person. (Can we verify this sense?)
* (quantum mechanics) An unphysical state in a gauge theory.
** 1966, Kàzmèr L. Nagy, State Vector Spaces with Indefinite Metric in Quantum Field Theory, page 14:The proof is well known, and independent of the metric, but to make certain we prove it here also for the case when the state vector system of an operator contains multipole ghosts.
** 2019, Radin Dardashti, Richard Dawid, Karim Thébault, Why Trust a Theory?, page 180:Soon after, the proof of the No-Ghost Theorem, establishing that the DRM has no ghosts if d ≤ 26, was achieved independently by Brower (1972) and by Goddard and Thorn (1972).
* (attributive, linguistics, computing) A formerly nonexistent character that was at some point mistakenly encoded into a character set standard, which might have since become used opportunistically for some genuine purpose.
    彁 is a ghost character from the Japanese JIS X 0208 character set.
* (countable) Clipping of ghost pepper.
** 2018 October 2, Julie Thompson-Adolf, Starting & Saving Seeds: Grow the Perfect Vegetables, Fruits, Herbs, and Flowers for Your Garden, Cool Springs Press, →ISBN, page 68:Spicy or mild, lovely bells or scary ghosts, peppers belong in your garden. Not only are they delicious, they add a gorgeous pop of color to vegetable gardens. When starting pepper seeds, consider using a heat mat.
** 2022 July 5, Alice Zaslavsky, In Praise of Veg: The Ultimate Cookbook for Vegetable Lovers, Appetite by Random House, →ISBN:Fresh chili has a glossy smooth skin like a bell pepper...unless you're in scorching territory, with the likes of Ghosts or Reapers (their name should give the game away), where the skin looks [wrinkled].
* (uncountable) A game in which players take turns to add a letter to a possible word, trying not to complete a word. (Can we verify this sense?)
* (attributive, in names of species) White or pale.
    ghost slug
    ghostflower
* (attributive, in names of species) Transparent or translucent.
    ghost ant
    ghost catfish
* (attributive) Abandoned.
    ghost town
    ghost ship
* (attributive) Remnant; the remains of a(n).
    ghost apples (a thin layer of ice in the shape of an apple, which forms around it and is left behind when the apple rots and falls out)
    ghost fossils (impressions of things like shells that remain in the rock after the shell etc dissolves)
    ghost cell
    ghost craters (craters that have been filled, e.g. with volcanic deposits)
    ghost image
* (attributive) Perceived or listed but not real.
    ghost cellphone vibration
    ghost pain
    ghost island
    ghost voter
* (attributive) Of cryptid, supernatural or extraterrestrial nature.
    ghost rocket
    ghost deer
* (attributive) Substitute.
    ghost writer
    ghost singer

#### Derived terms

* antighost
* beghost
* black ghost knifefish
* errand ghost
* errand-ghost
* Faddeev-Popov ghost
* gauge ghost
* ghast
* ghost apple
* ghost at the feast
* ghostball
* ghostban
* ghost band
* ghost bat
* ghost bicycle
* ghost bike
* ghost brand
* ghost bullet
* ghost bump
* ghostbuster
* ghostbusting
* ghost call
* ghost car
* ghost catshark
* ghost character
* ghost chili
* ghost chili pepper
* ghost chilli
* ghost company
* ghost condensate
* ghost corridor
* ghost crab
* ghostcraft
* ghost dance
* Ghost Dance
* ghost detainee
* ghostdom
* ghost driver
* ghost employee
* ghosten
* ghoster
* ghostess
* ghost-faced bat
* Ghost Festival
* ghost field
* ghostfish
* ghost flathead
* ghost fleet
* ghost flight
* ghost forest
* ghost frog
* ghost from one's past
* ghost fungus
* ghost gear
* ghost goal
* ghost gum
* ghost gun
* ghost home
* ghosthood
* ghost hotel
* ghost house
* ghosthunt
* ghosthunter
* ghosthunting
* ghostie
* ghostify
* ghost image
* ghost imaging
* ghost insect
* ghost in the graveyard
* ghost in the machine
* ghostish
* ghost island
* ghostism
* ghost kanji
* ghostkind
* ghostking
* ghost kitchen
* ghost knifefish
* ghost labor
* ghostland
* ghost language
* ghostless
* ghostlet
* ghost light
* ghostlike
* ghostling
* ghost lore
* ghostlore
* ghost-lore
* ghostly
* ghost mark
* ghost marriage
* ghost money
* ghostmonger
* ghost moose
* ghost moth
* ghost net
* ghost nipper
* ghost note
* ghost nudibranch
* ghostology
* ghost orchid
* ghost peak
* ghost pepper
* ghost piece
* ghost-ping
* ghost pipe
* ghost pipefish (Solenostomus)
* ghost plane
* ghost plant
* ghost population
* ghost post
* ghost prisoner
* ghost ramp
* ghost restaurant
* ghost ride
* ghost-ride
* ghost-riding
* ghost runner
* ghost-scraper
* ghost shark
* ghost ship
* ghost shirt
* ghost shrimp
* ghost sickness
* ghost sign
* ghost skate
* ghost skin
* ghost slug
* ghostsome
* ghost spam
* ghost station
* ghost story
* ghost street
* ghost swift
* ghost town
* ghost-townish
* ghost track
* ghost train
* ghost tree
* ghost turd
* ghost vote
* ghost voting
* ghostweed
* ghost word
* ghostword
* ghost work
* ghost world
* ghostwort
* ghost write
* ghost-write
* ghostwriter
* ghostwritten
* ghosty
* give up the ghost
* gray ghost
* great Caesar's ghost
* grey ghost
* Holy Ghost
* hungry ghost
* long ghost
* no-ghost theorem
* pale as a ghost
* Pepper's ghost
* the ghost walks
* unghost
* wereghost
* white as a ghost
* yield the ghost
* yield up the ghost

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: ゴースト (gōsuto)

#### Translations

Afrikaans: spook, gees (af)
Ainu: トゥカㇷ゚ (tukap)
Alabama: aatsollokchi, sollòkchi
Albanian: fantazmë (sq) f, gogol (sq), hije (sq), stihji, bubë (sq), flama
Arabic: شَبَح m (šabaḥ), خَيَال (ar) m (ḵayāl), زَوْل m (zawl), طَيْف m (ṭayf), رُوح (ar) m or f (rūḥ), شَبْح m (šabḥ)
Egyptian Arabic: عفريت m (ʕafrīt), شبح m (šabaḥ)
Hijazi Arabic: جِنِّي m (jinni), عفريت m (ʕafrīt)
Aragonese: pantasma m, espectro m, espírito m, aparición f, sombra f, alma f
Armenian: ուրվական (hy) (urvakan), հոգի (hy) (hogi)
Asturian: pantasma m, fantasma m, espectru m, espíritu m, apaición f, sombra (ast) f, alma (ast) f
Azerbaijani: hayalet (az), ruh (az)
Bashkir: өрәк (örək)
Basque: mamu
Belarusian: здань f (zdanʹ), пры́від (be) m (prývid), дух m (dux), фанто́м m (fantóm)
Bengali: ভুত (bhut)
Bikol Central: kalag (bcl)
Breton: tasmant (br), spes (br)
Bulgarian: дух (bg) m (duh), при́зрак (bg) m (prízrak), привиде́ние (bg) n (prividénie)
Burmese: သရဲ (my) (sa.rai:), တစ္ဆေ (my) (tachce), နာနာဘာဝ (my) (nanabhawa.)
Catalan: fantasma (ca) m, espectre (ca) m, esperit (ca) m, aparició (ca) f, ànima (ca) f
Chechen: гӏаларт (ğalart), бӏоб (bˀob)
Cherokee: ᎠᏂᏣᏍᎩᎵ (anitsasgili)
Cheyenne: séo'ȯtse
Chinese:
Dungan: гуй (guy)
Mandarin: 鬼 (zh) (guǐ), 鬼魂 (zh) (guǐhùn), 幽魂 (zh) (yōuhún), 幽靈 / 幽灵 (zh) (yōulíng)
Coptic: ϩⲟⲣⲧϥ m (hortf)
Cree: cîpay
Czech: duch (cs) m, přízrak, zjevení (cs), fantóm, vidina (cs)
Danish: spøgelse (da) n, genganger (da) c, genfærd (da) n, gespenst, ånd (da) c, draug, sjæl (da)
Darkinjung: buddhung
Dutch: geest (nl) m, spook (nl) n, fantoom (nl) n, verschijning (nl) f, gespens n, schim (nl) f, spooksel (nl) n
Dutch Low Saxon: spoek, spökels, spöök, jeist, jespanst
Egyptian: (ꜣḫ)
Erzya: цюдавома (ćudavoma)
Esperanto: fantomo, apero, ombro (eo), spirito (eo)
Estonian: fantoom, kummitus (et)
Evenki: musun
Faroese: dreygur (fo), andi (fo), spøkilsi
Finnish: aave (fi), kummitus (fi), haamu (fi), henki (fi), sielu (fi)
French: fantôme (fr) m, spectre (fr) m, esprit (fr) m, revenant (fr) m, apparition (fr) f, fantasme (fr) m
Friulian: fantàsime m, parence
Galician: pantasma m, estantiga (gl) f, estadea (gl) f, cocón m, zarronco m, magadaña f, mandrágula f, bulto m, espantallada f, espantonia f, defunto (gl) m, aparición (gl) f
Georgian: მოჩვენება (močveneba), ზმანება (zmaneba), მოლანდება (molandeba), აჩრდილი (ačrdili), ლანდი (landi)
German: Gespenst (de) n, Geist (de) m, Phantom (de) n, Spuk (de) m, Erscheinung (de) f
Alemannic German: Gehuuri n
Greek: φάντασμα (el) (fántasma)
Ancient: φάσμα n (phásma), φάντασμα n (phántasma)
Guaraní: póra
Hawaiian: lapu, akua, ʻuhane
Hebrew: רוּחַ רְפָאִים (he) m (rúakh refa'ím)
Hindi: भूत (hi) m (bhūt), आत्मा (hi) f (ātmā), प्रेत m (pret), छाया (hi) f (chāyā), रूह (hi) f (rūh), पिशाच (hi) m (piśāc), वेताल (hi) m (vetāl), देव (hi) m (dev)
Hungarian: kísértet (hu), szellem (hu), fantom (hu)
Icelandic: draugur (is) m
Ido: fantomo (io)
Indonesian: hantu (id), roh (id), dedemitan, polong (id), momok (id)
Irish: taibhse (ga) f, sprid (ga) f
Italian: fantasma (it) m, spettro (it) m, spirito (it) m, larva (it) f, apparizione (it) f, ombra (it) f, anima (it) f, simulacro (it) m, fantasima f, lemure (it) m
Jamaican Creole: duppy
Japanese: 幽霊 (ja) (ゆうれい, yūrei), 亡霊 (ja) (ぼうれい, bōrei), 化け物 (ja) (ばけもの, bakemono), 死霊 (ja) (しりょう, shiryō), 妖怪 (ja) (ようかい, yōkai), お化け (ja) (obake), 怨霊 (ja) (おんりょう, onryō), 幽鬼 (ja) (ゆうき, yūki), 魂魄 (ja) (こんぱく, konpaku), 精霊 (ja) (せいれい, seirei), 妖魔 (ja) (ようま, yōma), 魂 (ja) (こん, kon, たましい tamashii), 霊 (ja) (れい, rei), 変化 (ja) (へんげ, henge), 物の怪 (ja) (もののけ, mononoke), ゴースト (ja) (gōsuto)
Kapampangan: maglalage
Karbi: chamburukso, hi-eh
Kazakh: елес (eles)
Khiamniungan Naga: ùo
Khmer: ខ្មោច (km) (khmaoc)
Korean: 유령(幽靈) (ko) (yuryeong), 혼(魂) (ko) (hon), 고스트 (goseuteu), 환영(幻影) (ko) (hwanyeong), 환상(幻想) (ko) (hwansang), 귀신(鬼神) (ko) (gwisin), 영혼(靈魂) (ko) (yeonghon), 잡신(雜神) (japsin)
Kven: haamu
Kyrgyz: арбак (ky) (arbak)
Ladin: spiert, utschac, fantom
Lao: ຜີ (phī), ພູດ (phūt), ຕາຫລອກ (tā lǭk), ປີສາດ (pī sāt)
Latgalian: mūksts, čapāslys, bīds
Latin: spectrum n, larva f, phasma (la) n, umbra (la) f, phantasma n, manes (la) m pl
Latvian: parādība f, spoks m, gars (lv), fantoms m, velis (lv) m
Limburgish: geis (li), sjpook (li)
Lithuanian: vaiduoklis, pamėklė f, fantomas m
Luxembourgish: Gespenst, Geescht, Phantom
Macedonian: привидение n (prividenie), дух (mk) m (duh), сениште n (senište), призрак m (prizrak), авет m or f (avet), сенка f (senka), сен m (sen)
Malagasy: fanahy (mg), matoatoa (mg)
Malay: hantu (ms)
Malayalam: ഭൂതം (ml) (bhūtaṁ), പ്രേതം (prētaṁ)
Maltese: ħares, ruħ, fatat, spirtu
Manchu: ᠪᡠᠴᡝᠯᡳ (buceli), ᡥᡠᡨᡠ (hutu)
Manx: scaanjoon m, scaa m, scaan m
Maore Comorian: mufu class 1/2
Maori: kēhua, taipō
Marathi: भूत (bhūt)
Middle English: goost
Moksha: sashendy kula, шота (šota)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: сүнс (mn) (süns)
Mongolian: ᠰᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ (sünesü)
Navajo: chʼį́įdii
Neapolitan: spireto, spettro
Ngarrindjeri: krinkari
Nogai: теки (teki)
Norman: vîsion f, êpitafl'ye f, fantôme m, r'vénant m
North Frisian: Spook c (Sylt)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: spøkelse n, gjenferd n, gjenganger m, gespenst n
Nynorsk: spøkelse n, gjenferd n, attergangar m, skrømt n
O'odham: kok'oi
Occitan: fantauma (oc) m, esglasi (oc), trèva (oc) f, hantauma (oc) m (Aranese)
Okinawan: 幽霊 (ゆーりー, yūrī)
Old English: gāst (ang) m
Old French: fantosme
Old High German: geist, gitrog
Oromo: ekeraa
Osage: ilǫ́ɣe, waną́ąɣe
Pannonian Rusyn: дух m (dux), уява f (ujava), привидзенє n (prividzenje)
Pashto: روح (ps) m (roh), شبح (ps) m (šebh)
Pela: jui⁵⁵
Persian:
Dari: رُوح (rūh), شَبَح (šabah)
Iranian Persian: روح (fa) (ruh), شَبَح (šabah)
Picard: rëv’nant, rvënant, spèke
Plautdietsch: Spuak m, Jeist m
Polabian: tvorzaikă m
Polish: duch (pl) m, upiór (pl) m, fantom (pl) f, zwid m, zjawa (pl) f
Portuguese: fantasma (pt) m, espectro (pt) m, espírito (pt) m, aparição (pt) f, assombração (pt) f, abantesma (pt), avantesma, abentesma, aventesma, avejão (pt), simulacro (pt), lêmure (pt), larva (pt) f, sombra (pt) f, alma (pt) f
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi: ਭੂਤ m (bhūt)
Romani: ćovaxano m, mulo m, ćovaxani f, muli f
Romanian: fantomă (ro) f, fantasmă (ro) f, spectru (ro) n, spirit (ro) n, strigoi (ro) m, stafie (ro) f, duh (ro) n, apariție (ro) f, nălucă (ro) f, iazmă (ro) f
Romansch: spiert m (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader), spért m (Sursilvan)
Russian: привиде́ние (ru) n (prividénije), при́зрак (ru) m (prízrak), фанто́м (ru) m (fantóm), дух (ru) m (dux)
Sanskrit: भूत (sa) m (bhūta), प्रेत (sa) m (preta), वेताल (sa) m (vetāla), पिशाच (sa) m (piśāca)
Santali: ᱵᱷᱩᱛ (bhut)
Sardinian: pantùma m, pantàsima m, umbra f
Saterland Frisian: spouk, gäist
Scots: ghaist, phanton, boodie, bogle
Scottish Gaelic: sgàile f, tannasg m, taibhse m or f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ду̏х m, фа̀нто̄м m, привиђе́ње n, а́вет m, са̏бла̄ст m
Roman: dȕh (sh) m, fàntōm (sh) m, priviđénje (sh) n, ávet (sh) m, sȁblāst (sh) m
Slovak: duch (sk) m, prízrak m, zjavenie n, mátoha f, strašidlo n, fantóm
Slovene: duh (sl) m, fantom m
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: tšašydło n, šarjenje n, wopokazowanje n
Sotho: sethotsela, sepoko
Spanish: fantasma (es) m, espectro (es) m, espíritu (es) m, aparecido (es) m, aparición (es) f, sombra (es) f, alma (es) f
Sumerian: 𒆤 (/⁠lil⁠/), 𒋝𒋝 (/⁠sisig⁠/), 𒄇 (/⁠gidim⁠/)
Sundanese: jurig (su)
Swahili: kivuli (sw) class 7/8, mzuka (sw) class 3/4, mzimu class 3/4
Swedish: spöke (sv) n, spökbild, fantom (sv) n, ande (sv) c, vålnad (sv), gast (sv), hamn (sv), gengångare (sv), dubbelgångare (sv), skugga (sv), draug, själ (sv)
Tagalog: multo, aparisyon, aswang, pantasma
Tajik: рӯҳ (rüh), хаёлат (xayolat), шабаҳ (tg) (šabah), сиёҳӣ (tg) (siyohi)
Tamil: பேய் (ta) (pēy)
Tatar: өрәк (tt) (öräk)
Telugu: దయ్యం (dayyaṁ), ప్రేతాత్మ (te) (prētātma), పిశాచి (te) (piśāci), భూతం (te) (bhūtaṁ)
Thai: ผี (th) (pǐi), ภูต (th) (pûut), ปิศาจ (th) (bpì-sàat), พราย (th) (praai)
Tlingit: sʼig̱eeḵáawu
Tok Pisin: tewel, tambaran, daiman
Turkish: hayalet (tr), ruh (tr)
Turkmen: arwah (tk)
Tuvan: дөргү (dörgü), ора-сома (ora-soma), хей чүве (xey çüve), чиргилчин (çirgilçin), сүнезин (sünezin)
Ukrainian: при́вид m (prývyd), прима́ра (uk) f (prymára), мара́ (uk) f (mará), дух m (dux), фанто́м m (fantóm),
Urdu: بُھوت m (bhūt), رُوح f (rūh), شَبَح m (śabah)
Uzbek: ruh (uz), arvoh (uz)
Venda: tshirunzi
Vietnamese: ma (vi), ma quỉ (vi), bóng ma (vi), ma (vi)
Walloon: spér (wa)
Welsh: bwgan, ysbryd (cy) m
West Frisian: spûk n
Wolof: dog (wo)
Yao: lisimwi
Yiddish: גײַסט m (gayst), רוח (ruekh)
Zulu: poki :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* apparition
* banshee
* barghest
* bogeyman
* boggart
* bogie
* channelling
* chimera
* demon
* doppelganger
* draugr
* duppy
* ectoplasm
* eidolon
* exorcism
* fantom
* fetch
* ghoul
* haint
* hallucination
* haunt
* illusion
* incubus
* lamia
* larva
* lemur
* manes
* mare
* medium
* mirage
* necromancy
* nightmare
* phantasm
* phantom
* poltergeist
* revenant
* shade
* shadow
* soul
* specter
* spectre
* spirit
* Spiritism
* spook
* sprite
* things that go bump in the night
* vampire
* visitant
* wendigo
* wight
* will-o'-the-wisp
* wraith
* zombie

### Verb

ghost (third-person singular simple present ghosts, present participle ghosting, simple past and past participle ghosted)
* (obsolete, transitive) To haunt; to appear to in the form of an apparition.
** c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], line 1221:since Julius Caesar, / Who at Philippi the good Brutus ghosted
* (obsolete) To die; to expire. (Can we verify this sense?)
* (literary) To imbue with a ghost-like hue or effect.
** 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 32:It spread slowly up from the sea-rim, a welling upwards of pure white light, ghosting the beach with silver and drawing the grey bastions of sandstone out of formless space.
* (ambitransitive) To ghostwrite.
** 1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 41:Well, you wrote a few books, you wrote a famous play, and even that was half ghosted.
** 2014 March 9, Elizabeth Day, “Is the LRB the best magazine in the world?”, in The Observer‎:The current issue carries an extraordinary 26,000-word piece by Andrew O'Hagan on his failed attempt to ghost the WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange's memoir, which was trending on Twitter before copies even hit the news-stands.
* (nautical) To sail seemingly without wind.
** 2016, Nathanael Johnson, Unseen City, →ISBN, page 192:They move without any visible sign of movement, like a wakeless ship ghosting over the water.
* (computing) To copy a file or record. (Can we verify this sense?)
* (graphical user interface) To gray out (a visual item) to indicate that it is unavailable.
** 1991, Amiga User Interface Style Guide, page 76:Whenever a menu or menu item is inappropriate or unavailable for selection, it should be ghosted. Never allow the user to select something that does nothing in response.
* (Internet, transitive) To forcibly disconnect an IRC user who is using one's reserved nickname.
** 2001, Luke, “to leave (vb.): Hurg [OT]”, in alt.games.lucas-arts.monkey-island (Usenet):I'm so untechnical that I once ghosted a registered IRC nick and then tried to identify myself to NickServ with the valid password before actually changing my nick to the aforementioned moniker.
* (intransitive) To appear or move without warning, quickly and quietly; to slip.
** 2011 September 24, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 3 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC Sport‎:Arsenal came into the match under severe pressure and nerves were palpable early on as Pratley was brilliantly denied by Szczesny after ghosting in front of Kieran Gibbs
** 2011, Mark Harnden, In the Dark Backyard, →ISBN, page 59:At the flank of the main stage, I took root for an hour, until a female form ghosted in front of me that I recognised from university two years before.
** 2012, Ian Tregillis, Bitter Seeds, →ISBN:He ghosted through the door. It clanged a few seconds later as his pursuer pounded on it.
* (transitive) To transfer (a prisoner) to another prison without the prior knowledge of other inmates.
** 2020, Jamie Bennett, Victoria Knight, Prisoners on Prison Films, page 26:His power base, however, is undermined by him being constantly, “ghosted”, or moved from prison to prison.
* (slang) To kill.
** 2000, Jim Wheat, Ken Wheat, David Twohy, Pitch Black (film):My recommendation: Do me. Don't take the chance that I'll get shiv-happy on your wannabe ass. Ghost me, Riddick. Would if I were you. Though I notice he tried to ghost my ass. When he shot up that stranger instead.
** 2004, Jim Wheat, Ken Wheat, David Twohy, The Chronicles of Riddick (film):He just ghosted two guys, and I never even saw him. Plan was to clean the bank, ghost the mercs, break wide through the tunnel.
** 2013, Jim Wheat, Ken Wheat, David Twohy, Riddick (film):This may come as a shock to you, Johns, but I didn't ghost your son. He seemed set on killin' himself. Diaz was gonna take the nodes for himself and ghost me. He was gonna leave you out here alone.
** 2017 September 28, Josh Corbin, 37:03 from the start, in Start Up, season 2, episode 6, spoken by Ronald Dacey (Edi Gathegi):RONALD:”They tried to ghost your girl Isabel right here”. WES CHANDLER(played by Ron Perlman):”Tried to ‘ghost’ her?” RONALD:”Merk. 86. Put her down in the dirt. You feel me?”
* (slang, social media) To perform an act of ghosting: to break up with someone without warning or explanation; to ignore someone, especially on social media.
** 2015 October 15, “Why is it so hard to go from chatting on Tinder to meeting up in real life?”, in The Guardian‎:I’ve recently been trying out Tinder, and while I match with people and even chat with them everything seems to be going well, but whenever I bring up meeting IRL, they are quick to ghost me.
** 2016 March 21, Allison P. Davies, “What I Learned Tindering My Way Across Europe”, in Travel + Leisure‎, archived from the original on 2018-01-06:By 6 p.m., I had a list of restaurants to try from Hamish, a chef who couldn’t meet, a follow-up from Adam (“I’ve never seen a room at the Ace....”), and an offer from Agoraphobic Paul to come over and “have a joint and a cuddle.” I’d confirmed a walking tour of Greenwich from Max, who ghosted.
** 2017 September 26, Judith Duportail, “I asked Tinder for my data. It sent me 800 pages of my deepest, darkest secrets”, in The Guardian‎:Tinder knows me so well. It knows the real, inglorious version of me who copy-pasted the same joke to match 567, 568, and 569; who exchanged compulsively with 16 different people simultaneously one New Year’s Day, and then ghosted 16 of them.
** 2018, Ling Ma, chapter 17, in Severance, →ISBN:He had texted, called, and emailed a bunch since then. I hadn't meant to ghost, but it was just easier not to deal with it.
* (film) To provide the speaking or singing voice for another actor, who is lip-syncing.
** 1955, Saturday Review (volume 38, part 2, page 27)
    Here's how it went: Larry Parks as elderly Al Jolson was watching Larry Parks playing young Al Jolson in the first movie — in other words, Parks ghosting for Parks. At the same time, Jolson himself was ghosting the voices for both of them.
** 1999, The Golden Age of Musicals, page 50:One of the few performers to triumph over ghosting was Ava Gardner in Freed's Show Boat (1951). Not only does she lip-synch with breathtaking accuracy, her performance gives the cotton-candy production its only underpinning of realism.

#### Derived terms

* beghost

#### Translations
### Adjective

ghost (not comparable)
* (slang, African-American Vernacular) Gone; absent; not present or involved.
** 2007, Abiola Abrams, Dare (page 296)
    Thug held up a middle finger. "A'ight y'all. I'm ghost."
** 2019, “Going Through It” (track 6), in Ignorance Is Bliss, performed by Skepta:But I don't see no competition in the game and I'm pissing on it If it ain't about the family, then I'm ghost and that's a promise

### References

* ↑ Crystal, David (2012) Spell It Out: The Singular Story of English Spelling, London: Profile Books Ltd, →ISBN
* ↑ Wells, J. C. (1982) Accents of English, volume 3: Beyond the British Isles, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 628

### Anagrams

* Goths, gosht, goths