# crop
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: krŏp, IPA: /kɹɒp/
* (General American) enPR: kräp, IPA: /kɹɑp/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒp

### Etymology 1

From Middle English crop, croppe, from Old English crop, cropp, croppa (“the head or top of a plant, a sprout or herb, a bunch or cluster of flowers, an ear of corn, the craw of a bird, a kidney”), from Proto-West Germanic *kropp, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“body, trunk, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to warp, bend, crawl”).
Cognate with Dutch krop (“crop”), German Low German Kropp (“a swelling on the neck, the craw, maw”), German Kropf (“the craw, ear of grain, head of lettuce or cabbage”), Swedish kropp (“body, trunk”), Icelandic kroppur (“a hunch on the body”). Related to crap, doublet of group and croup.

#### Noun

crop (plural crops)
* (agriculture) A plant, grown for it, or its fruits or seeds, to be harvested as food, livestock fodder, or fuel or for any other economic purpose.
    The farmer had to decide which crop to grow as his main bet for the coming year. Would it be barley, oats, or something else?
* The production amount of such an output for a specific season or year, particularly of plants.
    Synonyms: harvest, yield
    It was a good crop of oats this year. What a nice change after last year's crop!
* (figurative) A group, cluster, or collection of things occurring at the same time.
    The decade produced a whole crop of ideas about space travel.
    The university had an exceptional crop of graduates in 1892, including three who went on to win Nobel Prizes.
** 2024 June 26, Stephanie McNeal, “Influencers Aren’t Getting Famous Like They Used To”, in Glamour‎:And even if Anna Wintour wanted to invite a fresh crop of internet talent, who would she choose? Can you name anyone in the past year who has ascended in a major way?
* A group of vesicles at the same stage of development in a disease.
    The patient had a crop of bumps indicative of chicken pox.
* The lashing end of a whip.
* An entire short whip, especially as used in horse-riding.
    Synonyms: hunting crop, riding crop, whip, bat
* A rocky outcrop.
* The act of cropping.
* A photograph or other image that has been reduced by removing the outer parts.
** 1924, Harry Appleton Groesbeck Jr., “Preparation of Copy”, in The Process and Practice of Photo-engraving‎, Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, Indicating Sizes, page 234:This indicates to the engraver that the subject may be cropped to yield the size desired, but it is advisable that the position for the crop also be determined and marked, else some essential feature of the copy may be cut off by arbitrary cropping to get the required size.
* A short haircut.
    She went from a ponytail to a crop.
    Eton crop
** 1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, part One: Latitudes and Departures, page 227:From an inner pocket he produces a costly Ramillies Wig, shakes it out in a brisk Cloud of scented Litharge, and claps it on, with a minimum of fuss, over his ascetic’s Crop.
* (anatomy) A pouch-like part of the alimentary tract of some birds (and some other animals), used to store food before digestion or for regurgitation.
    Synonym: craw
    Coordinate term: gizzard
** 1871, George MacDonald, “The Early Bird”, in At the Back of the North Wind‎:A little bird sat on the edge of her nest; Her yellow-beaks slept as sound as tops; That day she had done her very best, And had filled every one of their little crops.
** 1892 [January], A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. VII.—The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle.”, in Geo[rge] Newnes, editor, The Strand Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, volume III (January to June), number [13], London: George Newnes, Limited, […], page 84, column 2:The bird gave a gulp, and I felt the stone pass along its gullet and down into its crop.
** 2015 December, Elizabeth Royte, “Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them.”, in National Geographic‎, archived from the original on 13 December 2015:As the wildebeest shrinks, the circle of sated birds lounging in the short grass expands. With bulging crops, the vultures settle their heads atop folded wings and slide their nictitating membranes shut.
* (architecture) The foliate part of a finial.
* (archaic or dialect) The head of a flower, especially when picked; an ear of corn; the top branches of a tree.
* (mining) Tin ore prepared for smelting.
* (mining) An outcrop of a vein or seam at the surface.
* An entire oxhide.
* (slang, in the plural) Marijuana.
** 1993, “Insane in the Brain”, in Black Sunday, performed by Cypress Hill:Cops, come and try to snatch my crops / These pigs wanna blow my house down

##### Hyponyms

(agriculture):
* alley crop
* bumper crop
* cash crop
* catch crop
* county crop
* cover crop
* fallow crop
* food crop
* green crop
* money crop
* row crop
* sharecrop
* smother crop
* specialty crop
* standing crop
* stonecrop
* sunset crop
* trap crop
* truck crop
* white crop

##### Derived terms

* aftercrop
* alley crop
* anticrop
* bumper crop
* cash crop
* catch crop
* cover crop
* cream of the crop
* cream the crop
* cropbound
* crop circle
* crop-dust
* cropduster
* crop-dusting
* crop dusting
* crop-ear
* cropful
* cropfull
* cropland
* croplands
* cropless
* croplike
* crop mark
* cropmark
* crop milk
* cropper
* croppie
* croppy
* cropraising
* crop rotation
* cropsick
* crop top
* Eton crop
* fallow crop
* food crop
* fruitcrop
* greencrop
* green crop
* hunting crop
* hunting-crop
* intercrop
* killcrop
* maincrop
* money crop
* monocrop
* neck and crop
* noncrop
* Norfolk crop rotation
* oilcrop
* outcrop
* pick of the crop
* riding crop
* sharecrop
* sharecropper
* single-crop
* smother crop
* specialty crop
* standing crop
* stonecrop
* sunset crop
* trap crop
* truck crop
* white crop

##### Translations

Arabic: مَحْصُول m (maḥṣūl)
Bashkir: уңыш (uñış)
Belarusian: ураджа́й m (uradžáj)
Bulgarian: жътва (bg) f (žǎtva)
Catalan: collita (ca) f
Chickasaw: ani'
Chinese:
Mandarin: 收穫 / 收获 (zh) (shōuhuò)
Czech: úroda f
Dutch: oogst (nl) m, opbrengst (nl) m
Egyptian: (ꜣzḫ)
Esperanto: rikoltaĵo (eo)
Finnish: sato (fi)
French: récolte (fr) f
German: Ernte (de) f, Jahresernte f
Greek: σοδειά (el) f (sodeiá)
Hebrew: יבול (he) m (yevúl)
Hindi: फ़सल f (fasal)
Hungarian: termés (hu)
Irish: barr (ga) m
Italian: raccolto (it) m
Japanese: 収穫量 (しゅうかくりょう, shūkakuryō)
Latin: seges f
Malayalam: വിള (ml) (viḷa)
Middle English: croppe
Ottoman Turkish: حاصل (hasıl)
Persian: محصول (fa) (mahsul)
Plautdietsch: Arnt f
Polish: plon (pl) m, urodzaj (pl) m
Portuguese: colheita (pt) f, safra (pt) f
Romanian: recoltă (ro) f
Russian: урожа́й (ru) m (urožáj)
Serbo-Croatian: berba (sh)
Spanish: cosecha (es) f, agosto (es) m
Swedish: skörd (sv)
Tajik: ҳосил (tg) (hosil)
Telugu: పంట (te) (paṇṭa)
Ukrainian: урожа́й m (urožáj), врожа́й m (vrožáj)
Urdu: فصل m (fasal) :

### Etymology 2

From Middle English croppen (“to cut, pluck and eat”), from Old English *croppian. Cognate with Scots crap (“to crop”), Dutch kroppen (“to cram, digest”), Low German kröppen (“to cut, crop, stuff the craw”), German kröpfen (“to crop”), Icelandic kroppa (“to cut, crop, pick”). Literally, to take off the crop (top, head, ear) of a plant. See Etymology 1.

#### Verb

crop (third-person singular simple present crops, present participle cropping, simple past and past participle cropped)
* (transitive) To remove the top end of something, especially a plant.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 17:22:I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one.
* (transitive) To mow, reap or gather.
* (transitive) To cut (especially hair or an animal's tail or ears) short.
* (transitive) To remove the outer parts of a photograph or other image, typically in order to frame the subject better.
** 1924, Harry Appleton Groesbeck Jr., “Preparation of Copy”, in The Process and Practice of Photo-engraving‎, Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC, Indicating Sizes, page 234:Reduce to six inches wide and crop to eight inches high.
** 1944 July, “WHAT ARE: Name These Enlarged Pictures”, in Popular Science‎, volume 145, number 1, →ISSN, page 168:You'll see that when you enlarge a subject to many times its normal size, and then crop the photo so there is nothing in proportion to be recognized, all resemblance to the original can be hidden.
** 1964, Proctor P. Taylor Jr., “Photographs”, in Preparing Contractor Reports for NASA: Technical Illustrating (NASA Special Publications; 7008)‎, 2nd edition, Scientific and Technical Information Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, published 1967, →OCLC, NASA SP-7008, page 18:Crop the photo for emphasis and composition.
* (intransitive) To yield harvest.
* (transitive) To cause to bear a crop.
    to crop a field
* (transitive) To beat with a crop, or riding-whip.
** 2013, Mary Hart Perry, Seducing the Princess:She cropped the horse into a comfortable canter and enjoyed the familiar rhythm and bounce of the horse's stride.

##### Derived terms

* crop-ear
* crop out
* croppable
* crop up
* miscrop
* outcrop
* overcrop
* recrop
* uncrop

##### Translations
### Further reading

* “crop”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “crop”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* crop (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* crop (implement) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* cropping (image) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* ↑ Edward H[enry] Knight (1877) “Crop”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes I (A–GAS), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* COPR, CPOR, Copr., Corp, Corp., RCPO, corp, corp., proc

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

crop
* Alternative form of croppe

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

crop
* Alternative form of croupe