# 秋

| 秋 | U+79CB, &#31179; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79CB |
| ← 秊 [U+79CA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 秌 → [U+79CC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

秋 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火 (HDF), four-corner 2998$_0$, composition ⿰禾火)

#### Derived characters

* 偢, 啾, 𡟊, 𡺘, 𢃸, 𭛻, 愀, 揪, 湫, 𨺹, 楸, 煍, 𤧐, 䐐, 瞅, 𥔍, 𮃚, 𮖝, 䋺(𬘴), 䎿, 𧎐, 𧷂, 踿, 𨍊, 𨡲, 鍬(锹), 鞦, 𩝋, 鰍(鳅), 𪍗
* 𫐵, 𧇸, 𩘌, 𪃩, 萩, 𤧦, 篍, 𩄍, 鬏, 𠩾, 㾭
* 𰆒, 媝, 𡥻, 𭖽, 㡑, 愁, 揫, 𰨮, 湬, 𤋦, 甃, 𦂎, 𫆉, 蝵, 𮃢, 𧡣, 𧤙, 醔, 𪝲, 鍫, 䨂, 𮩦, 𬳠, 𩹤, 鶖(鹙), 䵸

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 850, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24940
* Dae Jaweon: page 1273, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2595, character 5
* Unihan data for U+79CB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 秋 :
| Shang | Shang | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 鍫 | *sʰew |
| 篍 | *sʰiw, *sʰiws, *sʰɯw |
| 愀 | *sʰiwʔ, *zɯwʔ |
| 湫 | *ʔsliwʔ, *ʔsɯw, *sʰɯw, *zɯwʔ |
| 揪 | *ʔsɯw |
| 揫 | *ʔsɯw |
| 啾 | *ʔsɯw |
| 鬏 | *ʔsɯw |
| 秋 | *sʰɯw |
| 鰍 | *sʰɯw |
| 楸 | *sʰɯw |
| 秌 | *sʰɯw |
| 鞦 | *sʰɯw |
| 鶖 | *sʰɯw |
| 萩 | *sʰɯw |
| 甃 | *ʔsrɯws |
| 醔 | *sʰrɯw |
| 愁 | *zrɯw |
| 僽 | *zrɯws |
The oracle bone forms and bronze inscriptions show the pictogram (象形) of a cricket or a locust, sometimes with a fire 火 glyph underneath. In its later form, became a Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰɯw): semantic 禾 (“grain”) + abbreviated phonetic 𤒅. Often thought of as an Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 禾 (“grain”) + 火 (“fire”); after harvesting the grain, the fields are burned to kill locusts and their eggs.

### Etymology 1

Unclear.
Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *tshiu < Proto-Chinese *C-nh(i)u and proposes its cognacy to either:
* 收 (OC *(n)hiu, “to reap, harvest, gather”); or
* 卒 (OC *tsut, “to finish, end, die”), as vegetation dies in autumn; additionally in Zuozhuan, this word's referent was winter's dead vegetation.
Alternatively, Sagart (2023b) relates 秋 (OC *tsʰiw) to 揫 (OC *[dz]iw, “to collect, bring together”), whose Old Chinese reconstruction should possibly be amended to *m-tsʰiw or *m-tsiw.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qiū (qiu$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qiu$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чю (či͡u, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cau$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tiu$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qiu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhiû
    (Hailu, HRS): ciu$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qiu$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qiou$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): chiú
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiŭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ciu$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ciu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$chieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ciou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiū
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciou
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiu$^1$
*** Yale: chyōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiou
*** Palladius: цю (cju)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qiu$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чю (či͡u, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiou²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cau$^1$
*** Yale: chāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ceo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiu³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiû
*** Hakka Romanization System: qiu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯u²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciu$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiu⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qiou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiú
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chiŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰieu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ciu$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chiu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiu
*** Tâi-lô: tshiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ciu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiu³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$chieu
*** MiniDict: chieu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$qieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ciou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰi̯əu̯³³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit秋 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰiou⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕʰiou⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiou²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡sʰiou²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰiou²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕʰiɯ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰiou³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰiɤu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰʰiəu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡sʰiəɯ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕʰiɯ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiəu¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰiəu³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sʰɤ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰiø³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰɤu³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiu³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰiu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰiəu³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sʰiəɯ³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰiu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰɐu⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰieu⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰiu⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰiu³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /siu²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tshjuw
Rime :
| Character | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七由切 |
| Baxter | tshjuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰuw/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiu/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsʰiw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰɯw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsʰiw/ |
| English | autumn; crop |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10537 |
| Phonetic component | 秋 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 秋 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰɯw/ |

#### Definitions

秋
* harvest season
    麥秋／麦秋 ― màiqiū ― harvest season for wheat
* autumn; fall
    深秋 ― shēnqiū ― late autumn
* (literary) year
    千秋萬代／千秋万代 ― qiānqiūwàndài ― the ages to come
       yī rì bù jiàn, rú gé sān qiū [Pinyin]
       a single day apart seems like three years
* period; time
    多事之秋 ― duōshìzhīqiū ― troubled period
* autumn crops
* a surname
    秋瑾 ― Qiū Jǐn ― Qiu Jin (Chinese revolutionary)

##### See also

Seasons in Mandarin · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category :
| 春 (chūn, “spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |

#### Compounds

* 一寸秋波
* 一日三秋 (yīrìsānqiū)
* 一葉知秋 / 一叶知秋 (yīyèzhīqiū)
* 一雨成秋
* 三秋
* 中秋 (zhōngqiū)
* 中秋帖
* 中秋節 / 中秋节 (zhōngqiūjié)
* 九秋
* 仲秋
* 入秋
* 冰壺秋月 / 冰壶秋月
* 利析秋毫
* 初秋 (chūqiū)
* 初秋圖 / 初秋图
* 剪秋羅 / 剪秋罗
* 勁秋 / 劲秋
* 千秋 (qiānqiū)
* 千秋佳城
* 千秋萬世 / 千秋万世 (qiānqiūwànshì)
* 千秋萬代 / 千秋万代 (qiānqiūwàndài)
* 千秋萬古 / 千秋万古 (qiānqiūwàngǔ)
* 千秋萬歲 / 千秋万岁 (qiānqiūwànsuì)
* 千秋節 / 千秋节
* 各有千秋 (gèyǒuqiānqiū)
* 呂氏春秋 / 吕氏春秋 (Lǚshìchūnqiū)
* 吳越春秋 / 吴越春秋
* 咬秋
* 商秋
* 壯室之秋 / 壮室之秋
* 多事之秋 (duōshìzhīqiū)
* 大業千秋 / 大业千秋
* 大秋 (dàqiū)
* 大秋作物 (dàqiū zuòwù)
* 大秋元
* 如隔三秋
* 媚如秋月
* 季秋 (jìqiū)
* 孟秋
* 安仁鬢秋 / 安仁鬓秋
* 富春秋
* 寒秋
* 小秋
* 左氏春秋
* 平分秋色 (píngfēnqiūsè)
* 廩秋 / 廪秋
* 弈秋
* 悲秋
* 悲秋傷春 / 悲秋伤春
* 打秋豐 / 打秋丰
* 打秋風 / 打秋风 (dǎ qiūfēng)
* 摸秋
* 新秋
* 明察秋毫 (míngchá qiūháo)
* 明鑑秋毫 / 明鉴秋毫
* 春來秋去 / 春来秋去
* 春去秋來 / 春去秋来
* 春困秋乏
* 春生秋殺 / 春生秋杀
* 春祈秋報 / 春祈秋报
* 春秋 (chūnqiū)
* 春秋三傳 / 春秋三传 (Chūnqiū Sānzhuàn)
* 春秋五霸
* 春秋兒 / 春秋儿
* 春秋大夢 / 春秋大梦 (chūnqiūdàmèng)
* 春秋幾何 / 春秋几何
* 春秋日高
* 春秋榜
* 春秋筆削 / 春秋笔削
* 春秋筆法 / 春秋笔法 (Chūnqiū bǐfǎ)
* 春秋繁露
* 春秋配
* 春秋鼎盛 (chūnqiūdǐngshèng)
* 春花秋月 (chūnhuāqiūyuè)
* 春華秋實 / 春华秋实
* 春蘭秋菊 / 春兰秋菊
* 春蚓秋蛇
* 春露秋霜
* 晏子春秋 (Yànzǐ Chūnqiū)
* 晉陽秋 / 晋阳秋
* 晚秋 (wǎnqiū)
* 晚秋作物 (wǎnqiū zuòwù)
* 晴雲秋月 / 晴云秋月
* 暗送秋波 (ànsòngqiūbō)
* 暮秋
* 有秋
* 望秋先零
* 望穿秋水 (wàngchuānqiūshuǐ)
* 杜秋娘
* 杪秋
* 桂秋
* 楚漢春秋 / 楚汉春秋
* 橫秋 / 横秋
* 歷夏經秋 / 历夏经秋
* 殘秋 / 残秋
* 深秋 (shēnqiū)
* 溜溜秋秋
* 漢宮秋 / 汉宫秋
* 漢宮秋月 / 汉宫秋月
* 琨玉秋霜 (kūnyùqiūshuāng)
* 百歲千秋 / 百岁千秋
* 皮困秋
* 皮裡春秋 / 皮里春秋
* 皮裡陽秋 / 皮里阳秋 (pílǐyángqiū)
* 盈盈秋水
* 眼如秋水
* 萬代千秋 / 万代千秋 (wàndàiqiānqiū)
* 萬古千秋 / 万古千秋 (wàngǔqiānqiū)
* 萬壽千秋 / 万寿千秋
* 萬歲千秋 / 万岁千秋
* 萬載千秋 / 万载千秋 (wànzǎiqiānqiū)
* 秋事
* 秋令
* 秋凊:chhiu-chhìn;Min Nan
* 秋刀魚 / 秋刀鱼 (qiūdāoyú)
* 秋分 (Qiūfēn)
* 秋分點 / 秋分点 (qiūfēndiǎn)
* 秋千 (qiūqiān)
* 秋場 / 秋场
* 秋士
* 秋天 (qiūtiān)
* 秋娘
* 秋季 (qiūjì)
* 秋官
* 秋審 / 秋审
* 秋後算帳 / 秋后算帐 (qiūhòusuànzhàng)
* 秋思
* 秋意 (qiūyì)
* 秋成
* 秋扇
* 秋扇見捐 / 秋扇见捐
* 秋播 (qiūbō)
* 秋收 (qiūshōu)
* 秋收冬藏
* 秋方
* 秋日
* 秋旱
* 秋晡日
* 秋景 (qiūjǐng)
* 秋月 (qiūyuè)
* 秋月寒江
* 秋月春風 / 秋月春风
* 秋期
* 秋榜
* 秋毫 (qiūháo)
* 秋毫不犯
* 秋毫之末
* 秋毫無犯 / 秋毫无犯 (qiūháowúfàn)
* 秋氣 / 秋气
* 秋水 (qiūshuǐ)
* 秋水仙素 (qiūshuǐxiānsù)
* 秋水伊人
* 秋汛
* 秋決 / 秋决
* 秋河 (qiūhé)
* 秋波 (qiūbō)
* 秋波送情 (qiūbō sòngqíng)
* 秋海棠 (qiūhǎitáng)
* 秋涼 / 秋凉 (qiūliáng)
* 秋牡丹
* 秋瑾
* 秋眉
* 秋石 (qiūshí)
* 秋社 (qiūshè)
* 秋禊
* 秋節 / 秋节
* 秋老虎 (qiūlǎohǔ)
* 秋耕
* 秋聲 / 秋声
* 秋聲賦 / 秋声赋
* 秋胡
* 秋胡戲妻 / 秋胡戏妻
* 秋胡變文 / 秋胡变文
* 秋色 (qiūsè)
* 秋花
* 秋草
* 秋茶
* 秋草人情
* 秋荼
* 秋莊稼 / 秋庄稼
* 秋葵 (qiūkuí)
* 秋蟬 / 秋蝉
* 秋蟲 / 秋虫
* 秋試 / 秋试
* 秋闈 / 秋闱
* 秋陽 / 秋阳
* 秋雨 (qiūyǔ)
* 秋霖 (qiūlín)
* 秋霜
* 秋顏 / 秋颜
* 秋風 / 秋风 (qiūfēng)
* 秋風團扇 / 秋风团扇
* 秋風落葉 / 秋风落叶
* 秋風辭 / 秋风辞
* 秋風過耳 / 秋风过耳
* 秋高氣爽 / 秋高气爽 (qiūgāoqìshuǎng)
* 秋高氣肅 / 秋高气肃
* 秋高馬肥 / 秋高马肥 (qiūgāomǎféi)
* 秋髮 / 秋发
* 秋麻
* 立秋 (Lìqiū)
* 老氣橫秋 / 老气横秋 (lǎoqìhéngqiū)
* 臨去秋波 / 临去秋波
* 芟秋
* 英烈千秋
* 菊秋
* 葉落歸秋 / 叶落归秋
* 葉落知秋 / 叶落知秋
* 落葉知秋 / 落叶知秋
* 蘭秋 / 兰秋
* 貽笑千秋 / 贻笑千秋
* 送秋波 (sòngqiūbō)
* 過耳秋風 / 过耳秋风
* 金秋 (jīnqiū)
* 開秋 / 开秋
* 防秋
* 陽秋 / 阳秋 (yángqiū)
* 麥秋 / 麦秋 (màiqiū)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 秋 – see 鞦 (“swing”). (This character is the simplified form of 鞦).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* “秋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* autumn

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
* Kun: あき (aki, 秋, Jōyō)、とき (toki, 秋)

#### Compounds

* 秋(しゅう)収(しゅう) (shūshū)
* 秋(しゅう)風(ふう) (shūfū)
* 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (shūbun)
* 一(いち)日(じつ)三(さん)秋(しゅう) (ichijitsu sanshū)
* 春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) (shunjū)
* 春(しゅん)夏(か)秋(しゅう)冬(とう) (shunkashūtō)
* 初(しょ)秋(しゅう) (shoshū): beginning of autumn
* 晩(ばん)秋(しゅう) (banshū): ending of autumn
* 涼(りょう)秋(しゅう) (ryōshū)
* 秋(あき)風(かぜ) (akikaze)
* 春(はる)夏(なつ)秋(あき)冬(ふゆ) (harunatsuakifuyu)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 秋
* あき Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
⟨aki$_1$⟩ → */akʲi/ → /aki/
From Old Japanese.
Likely cognate with 明き (aki, “bright”), 赤 (aka, “red”), 飽きる (akiru, “to become full up”, possibly in reference to the harvest), 空く (aku, “to become empty”), 開く (aku, “to open up”). However, the exact relationship of these terms remains unclear.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あき [áꜜkì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [a̠kʲi]
* Audio:(file)
* (Kyoto) あき​ぃ [àkî] (Teiki)
* Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
   * (the Heian period) LF
   * (the Kamakura period) LF
   * (the Muromachi period) LF
   * (the Edo period) LF
    ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌). ※ References:

### Noun

秋(あき) • (aki)
* autumn, fall (season)

#### Synonyms

* 秋(しゅう)季(き) (shūki)
* 秋(しゅう)期(き) (shūki)

#### Derived terms

* 秋(あき)山(やま) (akiyama): a mountain in autumn

### See also

* 紅(こう)葉(よう) (kōyō): autumn colors, red leaves
Seasons in Japanese · 四(し)季(き) (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category :
| 春(はる) (haru, “spring”) 春(しゅん)季(き) (shunki, “spring”) 春(しゅん)期(き) (shunki, “spring period”) | 夏(なつ) (natsu, “summer”) 夏(か)季(き) (kaki, “summer”) 夏(か)期(き) (kaki, “summer period”) | 秋(あき) (aki, “fall; autumn”) 秋(しゅう)季(き) (shūki, “fall; autumn”) 秋(しゅう)期(き) (shūki, “fall period”) | 冬(ふゆ) (fuyu, “winter”) 冬(とう)季(き) (tōki, “winter”) 冬(とう)期(き) (tōki, “winter period”) |

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 “あき 【秋】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 秋 (MC tshjuw).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 츄ᇢ (Yale: chyùw) | 츄ᇢ (Yale: chyùw) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄀᆞᅀᆞᆯ (Yale: kòzòl) | 츄 (Yale: chyù) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰu]
* Phonetic hangul: [추]

### Hanja

Wikisource 秋 (eumhun 가을 추 (ga'eul chu))
* hanja form of 추 (“autumn; fall”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 입추(立秋) (ipchu)
* 추분(秋分) (chubun)
* 추석(秋夕) (chuseok)
* 추수 감사절(秋收感謝節) (Chusu gamsajeol)
* 추수(秋收) (chusu)
* 추파(秋播) (chupa)
* 추파(秋波) (chupa)
* 춘추(春秋) (chunchu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* autumn; fall

#### Readings

* Kun: あち (achi, 秋)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 秋
* あち Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
Cognate with Japanese 秋 (aki, “autumn”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʔat͡ɕi]

### Noun

秋(あち) (achi)
* autumn; fall

### References

* “あち【秋】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

秋: Hán Nôm readings: thu
* chữ Hán form of thu (“fall, autumn”).

#### Derived terms

* 中秋 (Trung thu)
* 千秋 (thiên thu)
* 春秋 (Xuân Thu)
* 秋分 (thu phân)
* 秋水 (thu thủy/thu thuỷ)
* 秋波 (thu ba)
* 秋風 (thu phong)
* 立秋 (lập thu)
* 𠦳秋 (ngàn thu)