# 葡

| 葡 | U+8461, &#33889; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8461 |
| ← 葠 [U+8460] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 葢 → [U+8462] |

## Translingual
### Han character

葡 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿心戈月 (TPIB), four-corner 4422$_7$, composition ⿱艹匍)

#### Derived characters

* 𠏆, 𡢼, 𫾎, 𱙳, 𩍘, 𢣋

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1045, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31430
* Dae Jaweon: page 1506, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3253, character 6
* Unihan data for U+8461

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 豧 | *pʰoːs, *pʰa, *pʰas |
| 縛 | *baːɡs, *baɡ |
| 逋 | *paː |
| 餔 | *paː, *baːs |
| 晡 | *paː |
| 庯 | *paː |
| 陠 | *paː, *pʰaː |
| 鵏 | *paː, *baːs |
| 峬 | *paː |
| 誧 | *paː, *pʰaː, *pʰaːʔ, *pʰaːs |
| 秿 | *paː, *pʰa, *baʔ |
| 鯆 | *paː, *pʰaː, *paʔ |
| 補 | *paːʔ |
| 圃 | *paːʔ, *paːs |
| 鋪 | *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa |
| 痡 | *pʰaː, *pʰa |
| 浦 | *pʰaːʔ |
| 烳 | *pʰaːʔ |
| 溥 | *pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ |
| 悑 | *pʰaːs |
| 酺 | *baː |
| 匍 | *baː |
| 蜅 | *baː, *paʔ |
| 脯 | *baː, *paʔ |
| 葡 | *baː |
| 蒱 | *baː |
| 蒲 | *baː |
| 簿 | *baːʔ, *baːɡ |
| 捕 | *baːs |
| 哺 | *baːs |
| 簠 | *pa, *paʔ, *pʰas |
| 甫 | *paʔ |
| 黼 | *paʔ |
| 莆 | *paʔ |
| 俌 | *paʔ, *pʰaʔ |
| 郙 | *paʔ, *pʰa |
| 傅 | *paɡs |
| 搏 | *paɡs, *paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ |
| 麱 | *pʰa |
| 尃 | *pʰa |
| 榑 | *ba |
| 輔 | *baʔ |
| 鬴 | *baʔ |
| 賻 | *baɡs |
| 博 | *paːɡ |
| 髆 | *paːɡ |
| 鎛 | *paːɡ |
| 猼 | *paːɡ |
| 餺 | *paːɡ |
| 簙 | *paːɡ |
| 鑮 | *paːɡ, *baːɡ |
| 欂 | *paːɡ, *baɡ, *breːɡ |
| 蒪 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 膊 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 薄 | *baːɡ |
| 礡 | *baːɡ |
Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baː): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 匍 (OC *baː). However, when it means "grape", there is a reference to a man crawling over a sprout growing in a field (田), hence there is a reference to plants and agriculture.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): pú (pu$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pu$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pou$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phù
    (Hailu, HRS): pu
* Eastern Min (BUC): buò
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bu$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pô͘ / phû / phô / phô͘
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$bu; $^8$beq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pú
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pú
*** Wade–Giles: pʻu$^2$
*** Yale: pú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu
*** Palladius: пу (pu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pu
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pou$^4$
*** Yale: pòuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pou$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pou$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰou̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù
*** Hakka Romanization System: pu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: pu
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰu⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: buò
*** Sinological IPA : /puo⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bu$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bú
*** Sinological IPA : /pu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô͘
*** Tâi-lô: pôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poo
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /pɔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû
*** Tâi-lô: phû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phuu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /pʰu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô
*** Tâi-lô: phô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phooi
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰo²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô͘
*** Tâi-lô: phôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoo
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ¹³/
* pô͘ - literary;
* phû/phô/phô͘ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: bu
Rime :
| Character | 葡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 薄胡切 |
| Baxter | bu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /bo/ |
| Wang Li | /bu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pou$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*baː/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 葡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3439 |
| Phonetic component | 甫 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 酺 |
| Old Chinese | /*baː/ |
| Notes | 古作蒲，今分化字 |

### Definitions

葡
* Used in 葡萄 (pútáo, “grape”) and related terms.
* Short for 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá, “Portugal”).
    葡政府 ― pú zhèngfǔ ― Portuguese government
    訪葡／访葡 ― fǎng pú ― (formal) to visit Portugal
** (chiefly Cantonese, by extension, in compounds) Macau
    葡幣／葡币 [Cantonese] ― pou$^4$ bai$^6$ [Jyutping] ― Macanese pataca
    葡汁 [Cantonese] ― pou$^4$ zap$^1$ [Jyutping] ― Portuguese sauce (a kind of sauce in Macanese cuisine)

#### Synonyms

* (Portugal):
* 博都雅 (Bódūyǎ) (historical)
* 大西洋國 / 大西洋国 (Dàxīyáng Guó) (historical)
* 波爾杜瓦爾 / 波尔杜瓦尔 (historical)
* 葡國 / 葡国 (Púguó) (short form)
* 葡萄亞 / 葡萄亚 (historical)
* 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)
* 蒲都麗家 / 蒲都丽家 (historical)
* 蒲麗都家 / 蒲丽都家 (historical)
* 西洋國 / 西洋国 (historical)
* (Macau): 澳門／澳门 (Àomén); (obsolete) 濠鏡澳／濠镜澳 (Háojìng'ào), 濠鏡／濠镜 (Háojìng)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 澳門, 濠江 literary |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 澳門 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 澳門 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 梳打埠 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 澳門, 馬交, 梳打埠 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 澳門, 澳門街 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 澳門 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 澳門 |

### Compounds

* 山葡萄 (shānpútáo)
* 新葡 (xīnpú)
* 海葡萄 (hǎipútáo)
* 瑣瑣葡萄 / 琐琐葡萄
* 癩葡萄 / 癞葡萄
* 紅葡萄藤 / 红葡萄藤
* 綠葡萄 / 绿葡萄
* 葡京 (Pújīng)
* 葡國 / 葡国 (Púguó)
* 葡幣 / 葡币 (Púbì)
* 葡提子
* 葡撻 / 葡挞 (pútà)
* 葡文 (púwén)
* 葡桃 (pútáo)
* 葡汁 (púzhī)
* 葡萄 (pútáo)
* 葡萄乾 / 葡萄干 (pútáogān)
* 葡萄宮 / 葡萄宫
* 葡萄柚 (pútáoyòu)
* 葡萄架
* 葡萄深碧
* 葡萄灰
* 葡萄炸彈 / 葡萄炸弹
* 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)
* 葡萄球菌 (pútáo qiújūn)
* 葡萄糖 (pútáotáng)
* 葡萄紫
* 葡萄綠 / 葡萄绿
* 葡萄胎 (pútáotāi)
* 葡萄褐
* 葡萄酒 (pútáojiǔ)
* 葡語 / 葡语 (púyǔ)
* 野葡萄

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぶ (bu)
* Kan-on: ほ (ho)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 葡
* ぽ Jinmeiyō
* irregular

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [po̞]

### Affix

葡(ポ) • (po)
* Short for ポルトガル／葡萄牙 (“Portugal (a country in Europe)”).

## Korean
### Hanja

葡 (eum 포 (po))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

葡: Hán Nôm readings: bồ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.