# 尤

| 尤 | U+5C24, &#23588; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C24 |
| ← 尣 [U+5C23] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 尥 → [U+5C25] |

## Translingual
### Han character

尤 (Kangxi radical 43, 尢+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大山 (IKU), four-corner 4301$_0$, composition ⿺尢丶)

#### Derived characters

* 㕱, 㚭, 忧, 扰, 沋, 肬, 犹, 紌(𬘕), 蚘, 𦬓, 訧, 㞃, 𨠄, 𨠫, 䤞, 就, 駀, 魷(鱿), 尨, 𡯟, 𬡸, 𪨈, 疣, 𰀳, 𡰖

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 298, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7543
* Dae Jaweon: page 593, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 551, character 14
* Unihan data for U+5C24

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 尤 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 尤 | *ɢʷɯ |
| 疣 | *ɢʷɯ |
| 肬 | *ɢʷɯ |
| 沋 | *ɢʷɯ |
| 訧 | *ɢʷɯ |
| 忧 | *ɢʷɯs |
| 蚘 | *ɢʷɯː |
Pictogram (象形) – hand with a wart. Original form of 疣 and 肬.

### Etymology

Sino-Tibetan; compare Tibetan ཡུས (yus, “blame, charge, accusation”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yóu (you$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yù
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iu$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$yeu / $^2$yeu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yóu
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^2$
*** Yale: yóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
*** Palladius: ю (ju)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^4$
*** Yale: yàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
*** Hakka Romanization System: iu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯u¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: iu$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iú
*** Sinological IPA : /iu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû
*** Tâi-lô: iû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iû
*** Sinological IPA : /iu⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yeu
*** MiniDict: yeu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɤ²³/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$yeu
*** MiniDict: yeu$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦʏ²²³/
* Middle Chinese: hjuw
Rime :
| Character | 尤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羽求切 |
| Baxter | hjuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuw/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiu/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 尤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yóu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷə/ |
| English | fault; even more |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 尤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15503 |
| Phonetic component | 尤 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尤 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷɯ/ |
| Notes | 甲文象又（手）上加筆指疣 |

### Definitions

尤
* fault; flaw
* to fault; to blame
    效尤 ― xiàoyóu ― to follow bad examples (literally, "to imitate the blameworthy")
* (literary) strange; special; outstanding
* (literary) especially; particularly; even more
* a surname

### Compounds

* 不怨不尤
* 以儆效尤 (yǐjǐngxiàoyóu)
* 勒尤 (lèyóu)
* 天生尤物
* 尤人
* 尤其 (yóuqí)
* 尤悔
* 尤態 / 尤态
* 尤有甚者
* 尤殢 / 尤𣨼
* 尤物 (yóuwù)
* 尤甚 (yóushèn)
* 尤異 / 尤异 (yóuyì)
* 尤至
* 尤詬 / 尤诟
* 尤違 / 尤违
* 尤里西斯
* 尤金 (Yóujīn)
* 尤雲殢雨 / 尤云𣨼雨
* 忍尤含詬 / 忍尤含诟
* 怨天尤人 (yuàntiān-yóurén)
* 怨尤
* 悔尤
* 愆尤 (qiānyóu)
* 拔尤
* 效尤 (xiàoyóu)
* 殊豔尤態 / 殊艳尤态
* 殢雨尤雲 / 𣨼雨尤云
* 殢雲尤雨 / 𣨼云尤雨
* 淑尤
* 無恥之尤 / 无耻之尤 (wúchǐzhīyóu)
* 石尤風 / 石尤风
* 競相效尤 / 竞相效尤
* 群起效尤
* 蚩尤 (Chīyóu)
* 蚩尤戲 / 蚩尤戏 (Chīyóuxì)
* 蚩尤旗 (Chīyóuqí)
* 起而效尤
* 逢尤
* 離尤 / 离尤

#### References

* “Query for 尤”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
* “尤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “尤”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 288.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* reasonable
* just
* natural
* superb
* outstanding
* plausible

#### Readings

* Go-on: う (u)
* Kan-on: ゆう (yū)
* Kun: とがめる (togameru, 尤める)、とが (toga)、もっとも (mottomo, 尤も)、すぐれる (sugureru, 尤れる)
* Nanori: まさる (masaru)

## Korean
### Hanja

尤 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u)
* especially, particularly

## Vietnamese
### Han character

尤: Hán Nôm readings: vưu
* (Rare) A Vietnamese surname