# 麻

| 麻 | U+9EBB, &#40635; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EBB |
| ← 麺 [U+9EBA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 麼 → [U+9EBC] |
| ⿇ | U+2FC7, &#12231; KANGXI RADICAL HEMP |
| ← ⿆ [U+2FC6] | Kangxi Radicals | ⿈ → [U+2FC8] |
| 麻 | U+2FA15, &#195093; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA15 |
| ← 𪊑 [U+2FA14] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 䵖 → [U+2FA16] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 麻 |
| Simplified | 麻 |
| Traditional | 麻 |

### Han character

麻 (Kangxi radical 200, 麻+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈木木 (IDD) or 戈十金金 (IJCC), four-corner 0029$_4$, composition ⿸广林(GJV) or ⿸广𣏟(HTK))
* Kangxi radical #200, ⿇.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/麻
* 嘛, 嫲, 䌕, 䗫, 䩋, 髍, 䲈, 塺, 㦄, 摩, 犘, 磨, 穈, 糜, 縻, 䜆, 靡, 䯢, 魔, 䳸, 蔴
* 𠍨, 𡻥, 𢠩, 𢳀, 𣻕, 𬍄, 𣊍, 𣙪, 𤎎, 𦟟, 𤾝, 𥊚, 𪿳, 𥢂, 𫃎, 𧫼, 𨬈, 𪐎
* 𠞥, 𩔶, 𬼳, 𠞧, 𡡉, 𡻤, 𢊶, 𤔨, 𤯌, 𥂓, 𥉵, 𭙽, 𪪤, 𦓡, 𦗕, 𢋙, 𢋚, 𨄬, 𢋤, 𩀪, 𢋲, 𢌁, 𩞁, 𢌑, 𪓹, 𫂟

#### See also

* 床 菻 厤 歴 暦 痲 痳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1515, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47888
* Dae Jaweon: page 2044, character 29
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4723, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9EBB
* Unihan data for U+2FA15

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 麻 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 麻 | *mraːl |
| 痲 | *mraːl |
| 犘 | *mraːl |
| 縻 | *mral |
| 醿 | *mral |
| 爢 | *mral |
| 蘼 | *mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl |
| 靡 | *mralʔ |
| 摩 | *maːl, *maːls |
| 魔 | *maːl |
| 磨 | *maːl, *maːls |
| 劘 | *maːl |
| 麽 | *maːl |
| 麼 | *maːlʔ |
| 塺 | *maːls, *mɯːl |
| 麾 | *hmral |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 厂 + 𣏟: a representation of hemp leaves.

### Etymology

Etymology not clear, however PKS (Proto-Kam-Sui) *Ɂŋra¹ ‘sesame’ looks remotely similar to OC.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): má (ma$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ma$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ма (ma, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maa$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ma$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mà
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ma$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): muo̿i
* Eastern Min (BUC): muài / mà
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): môa / bâ / mâ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mua$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mo
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): ma$^2$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ma$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: má
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: má
*** Wade–Giles: ma$^2$
*** Yale: má
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ma
*** Palladius: ма (ma)
*** Sinological IPA : /mä³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ma$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ma
*** Sinological IPA : /ma²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ма (ma, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ma²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maa$^4$
*** Yale: màh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maa$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ma$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /maː²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ma$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐba²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mà
*** Hakka Romanization System: ma$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ma$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ma$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ma¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: muo̿i
*** Sinological IPA : /muɛ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: muài / mà
*** Sinological IPA : /muai⁵³/, /ma⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa
*** Tâi-lô: muâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: moaa
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /muã²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /muã¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /muã²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâ
*** Tâi-lô: bâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baa
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ba²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ba¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /ba²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâ
*** Tâi-lô: mâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: maa
*** IPA (Singapore): /ma²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /mã²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mã¹³/
*** IPA (Penang): /ma²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mua$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: muâ
*** Sinological IPA : /mua⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mo
*** MiniDict: mo$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mo
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ma$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ma̠¹³/
** (Hengyang)
*** Wiktionary: ma$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mä¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: mae
Rime :
| Character | 麻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 莫霞切 |
| Baxter | mae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ma/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ma/ |
| Wang Li | /ma/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ma/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | má |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maa$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mˤraj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mraːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 麻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | má |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.mˁraj/ |
| English | hemp |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 麻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8694 |
| Phonetic component | 麻 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 麻 |
| Old Chinese | /*mraːl/ |

### Definitions

麻
* general name for hemp, flax, jute, etc.
    大麻 ― dàmá ― hemp; cannabis
    黃麻／黄麻 ― huángmá ― jute
    亞麻／亚麻 ― yàmá ― flax
* hemp fibre; linen
    麻布 ― mábù ― sackcloth; linen
    麻繩／麻绳 ― máshéng ― hemp rope
** Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
       Qí zhú jié duó sān chǐ, róuxì kě wéi suǒ, yì yǐ pí wéi má. [Pinyin]
       Each bamboo joint measures three chi; thin and supple, it may be used as a rope, and its skin may also be used as linen.
* (historical, obsolete) hemp band worn on the head or waist by a mourner
* mourning garment; mourning apparel
    披麻戴孝 ― pīmádàixiào ― to wear the hemp garments of mourning
* (historical) imperial edict
* sesame
    麻油 ― máyóu ― sesame oil
* numerous; chaotic
* coarse; rough
* spotty; pitted
    麻雀 ― máquè ― sparrow
* (traditional Chinese medicine) Short for 麻疹 (mázhěn, “measles”).
* pockmark; pock
    麻子 ― mázǐ ― pockmark; pockmarked person
    麻臉／麻脸 ― máliǎn ― pockmarked face
* numb; senseless
    麻痺／麻痹 ― mábì ― paralysis
    麻藥／麻药 ― máyào ― anesthetic
       Wǒ de tuǐ dōu zuò má le. [Pinyin]
       My legs have gone numb while sitting.
* (of foods) having the taste like one of Sichuan pepper
    麻辣 ― málà ― Sichuan pepper-y and spicy
    舌頭發麻／舌头发麻 ― shétóu fāmá ― to have a tingling tongue
* (Sichuanese) tipsy
    喝麻了 [Sichuanese] ― has drunk oneself tipsy
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 大麻, 線麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 大麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 大麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 大麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 大麻, 麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 大麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 線麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 大麻, 線麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 線麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 大麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 麻 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 線麻 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 大麻, 麻 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 麻 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 麻 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 大麻, 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 大麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 大麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 大麻, 麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 大麻, 麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 麻, 大麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 大麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 黃麻, 火麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 大麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 大麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 大麻, 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 大麻, 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 大麻, 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 黃麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 大麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 大麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 大麻, 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 大麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 黃麻, 紅麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 大麻, 麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 大麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 大麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 黃麻, 紅麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 大麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 線麻 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 麻 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 大麻子 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 麻 |
| Jin | Datong | 麻 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 麻子 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 麻子 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 麻 |
| Jin | Linhe | 大麻, 線麻 |
| Jin | Jining | 大麻 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 大麻 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 大麻 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 麻 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 大麻 |
| Jin | Handan | 大麻, 麻 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 麻 |
| Jin | Suide | 麻子 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 苧麻 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 苧麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 苧麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 苧麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 苧麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 苧麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 苧麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 青麻, 元麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 苧麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 剝皮麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 白麻 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 苧麻 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 苧麻 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 苧麻 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 苧麻 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 苧麻, 苧仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 苧麻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 苧仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 苧仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 苧仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 苧, 苧麻 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 苧 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 苧麻 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 苧麻 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 苧 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) | 苧仔 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 麻苧 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 苧麻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 苧麻 |
| Wu | Danyang | 大麻 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 苧麻 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 苧麻 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 苧 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 青麻 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 苧麻 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 芝麻, 胡麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 芝麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 芝麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 芝麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 芝麻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 芝麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 芝麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 芝麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 芝麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 芝麻 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 芝麻 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 芝麻 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 芝麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 芝麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 芝麻 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 芝麻, 麻子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 芝麻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 芝麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 芝麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 芝麻 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 麻子 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 麻子 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 麻仔 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 芝麻 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 芝麻 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 芝麻 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 麻仔, 芝麻 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 芝麻, 麻子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 麻仔, 麻 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 芝麻 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 麻哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 麻哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 油麻哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 麻哩 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 麻仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 芝麻 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 麻 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 麻子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 麻仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 麻仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 麻仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 麻 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 麻仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 麻子 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 芝麻 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 芝麻, 麻 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 油麻 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Jiexi) | 油麻 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 油麻 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 芝麻 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 芝麻 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 芝麻 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 芝麻 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 芝麻 |
| Jin | Handan | 芝麻 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 芝麻 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 麻仔 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 麻仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 芝麻, 油麻 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 麻, 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 麻 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 麻葈 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 油麻 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 蓖麻, 芝麻 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 油麻 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 油麻 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 麻, 油麻 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 麻 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 麻 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 油麻 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 油麻 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 芝麻 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 油麻 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Danyang | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 芝麻 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 油麻 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 芝麻 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 油麻籽 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 油麻, 芝麻 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 油麻 |

### Compounds

* 丘中有麻
* 主麻
* 亂麻 / 乱麻 (luànmá)
* 亞麻 / 亚麻 (yàmá)
* 亞麻仁油 / 亚麻仁油
* 依麻木 (Yīmámù)
* 偽麻黃鹼 / 伪麻黄碱 (wěimáhuángjiǎn)
* 八搭麻鞋
* 八答麻鞋
* 劍麻 / 剑麻 (jiànmá)
* 力軟筋麻 / 力软筋麻
* 半絲麻線 / 半丝麻线
* 叉麻雀
* 多羅麻 / 多罗麻
* 多耳麻鞋
* 大麻 (dàmá)
* 大麻中毒
* 大麻煙 / 大麻烟
* 大麻竹
* 大麻風 / 大麻风
* 太陽麻 / 太阳麻
* 天麻 (tiānmá)
* 太麻里 (Tàimálǐ)
* 宣麻
* 密密麻麻
* 小兒麻痺症 / 小儿麻痹症 (xiǎo'érmábìzhèng)
* 德國麻疹 / 德国麻疹 (Déguó mázhěn)
* 心亂如麻 / 心乱如麻 (xīnluànrúmá)
* 心緒如麻 / 心绪如麻
* 心臟麻痺 / 心脏麻痹
* 愁緒如麻 / 愁绪如麻
* 惹麻煩 / 惹麻烦 (rě máfan)
* 懸麻雨 / 悬麻雨
* 手麻腳軟 / 手麻脚软
* 打麻將 / 打麻将 (dǎ májiàng)
* 打麻雀 (dǎ máquè)
* 把麻
* 找麻煩 / 找麻烦
* 披麻帶孝 / 披麻带孝 (pīmádàixiào)
* 披麻帶索 / 披麻带索
* 拖麻拽布
* 披麻救火
* 披麻皴
* 拽布披麻
* 拽布拖麻
* 搓麻將 / 搓麻将 (cuō májiàng)
* 搗麻煩 / 捣麻烦
* 木麻黃 / 木麻黄
* 枲麻
* 桑麻
* 極頭麻化 / 极头麻化
* 檾麻 / 𰘓麻
* 殺人如麻 / 杀人如麻 (shārénrúmá)
* 水麻
* 油麻 (yóumá)
* 洋麻
* 漚麻 / 沤麻
* 火麻 (huǒmá)
* 片麻岩 (piànmáyán)
* 瓊麻 / 琼麻
* 痠麻
* 發麻 / 发麻 (fāmá)
* 白麻 (báimá)
* 皁絲麻線 / 皂丝麻线
* 秋麻
* 種麻 / 种麻
* 穿麻掛孝 / 穿麻挂孝
* 粉零麻碎
* 絲麻皁線 / 丝麻皂线
* 線麻 / 线麻 (xiànmá)
* 緦麻 / 缌麻
* 緦麻服 / 缌麻服
* 績麻拈苧 / 绩麻拈苎
* 肉麻 (ròumá)
* 肌肉麻痺 / 肌肉麻痹
* 胡麻 (húmá)
* 胡麻油 (húmáyóu)
* 脂麻 (zhīma)
* 腦性麻痺 / 脑性麻痹
* 自找麻煩 / 自找麻烦
* 芝麻 (zhīma)
* 芝麻官 (zhīmaguān)
* 芝麻小事 (zhīmaxiǎoshì)
* 芝麻油 (zhīmayóu)
* 芝麻灣 / 芝麻湾 (Zhīmawān)
* 芝麻秸
* 芝麻糊 (zhīmahù)
* 芝麻綠豆 / 芝麻绿豆 (zhīma lǜdòu)
* 芝麻醬 / 芝麻酱 (zhīmajiàng)
* 苴麻
* 苧麻 (zhùmá)
* 萆麻
* 蓖麻 (bìmá)
* 蓖麻油 (bìmáyóu)
* 蓖麻蠶 / 蓖麻蚕
* 蕁麻 / 荨麻 (qiánmá)
* 蕉麻
* 蕁麻疹 / 荨麻疹 (xúnmázhěn)
* 蛇麻
* 酥麻
* 酸麻
* 野芝麻
* 針灸麻醉 / 针灸麻醉
* 雞犬桑麻 / 鸡犬桑麻
* 電針麻醉 / 电针麻醉
* 震顫麻痺 / 震颤麻痹
* 頂真續麻 / 顶真续麻
* 馬尼拉麻 / 马尼拉麻
* 骨軟筋麻 / 骨软筋麻
* 麻亂 / 麻乱
* 麻了花兒 / 麻了花儿
* 麻仁
* 麻俐 (málì)
* 麻做一團 / 麻做一团
* 麻六甲
* 麻刀 (mádāo)
* 麻利 (málì)
* 麻利脆
* 麻包 (mábāo)
* 麻嘴
* 麻團 / 麻团
* 麻城 (Máchéng)
* 麻姑 (Mágū)
* 麻姑山
* 麻姑搔癢 / 麻姑搔痒
* 麻姑獻壽 / 麻姑献寿
* 麻婚
* 麻婆豆腐 (mápó dòufu)
* 麻子 (mázi)
* 麻家渡 (Májiādù)
* 麻將 / 麻将 (májiàng)
* 麻將搭子 / 麻将搭子
* 麻將牌 / 麻将牌 (májiàngpái)
* 麻屣鶉衣 / 麻屣鹑衣
* 麻屨 / 麻屦
* 麻布 (mábù)
* 麻布袋 (mábùdài)
* 麻扎塔格 (Mázhātǎgé)
* 麻搭
* 麻搗 / 麻捣
* 麻木 (mámù)
* 麻木不仁 (mámùbùrén)
* 麻札
* 麻柳 (Máliǔ)
* 麻枯
* 麻核桃
* 麻森 (másēn)
* 麻槌
* 麻沙本
* 麻沸
* 麻油 (máyóu)
* 麻河 (Máhé)
* 麻沸散
* 麻油雞 / 麻油鸡
* 麻流點 / 麻流点
* 麻渣
* 麻溜
* 麻炬
* 麻煩 / 麻烦 (máfan)
* 麻爪
* 麻犯
* 麻疹 (mázhěn)
* 麻痺 / 麻痹 (mábì)
* 麻痺不仁 / 麻痹不仁
* 麻痺大意 / 麻痹大意 (mábìdàyì)
* 麻瘋 / 麻疯
* 麻秸
* 麻竹 (mázhú)
* 麻竹筍 / 麻竹笋
* 麻米 (Mámǐ)
* 麻糊 (máhú)
* 麻糖 (mátáng)
* 麻糬 (máshǔ)
* 麻紗 / 麻纱
* 麻紡 / 麻纺
* 麻紙 / 麻纸
* 麻經兒 / 麻经儿
* 麻線 / 麻线
* 麻線道 / 麻线道
* 麻織品 / 麻织品
* 麻繩 / 麻绳 (máshéng)
* 麻胡
* 麻胡著臉 / 麻胡著脸
* 麻臉 / 麻脸 (máliǎn)
* 麻花 (máhuā)
* 麻苧
* 麻菜珩 (Mácàihéng)
* 麻著膽子 / 麻著胆子
* 麻葉皮 / 麻叶皮
* 麻薩諸塞 / 麻萨诸塞 (Másàzhūsài)
* 麻藥 / 麻药 (máyào)
* 麻蚍叮腿
* 麻蠅 / 麻蝇
* 麻衣 (máyī)
* 麻衣仙翁
* 麻衣債 / 麻衣债
* 麻衣相法
* 麻袋 (mádài)
* 麻豆
* 麻豪口 (Máháokǒu)
* 麻辣 (málà)
* 麻辣火鍋 / 麻辣火锅
* 麻辣辣
* 麻酥酥
* 麻醉 (mázuì)
* 麻醉劑 / 麻醉剂 (mázuìjì)
* 麻醉藥品 / 麻醉药品
* 麻醬 / 麻酱 (májiàng)
* 麻雀 (máquè)
* 麻雀席
* 麻雀牌 (máquèpái)
* 麻雷子 (máléizi)
* 麻鞋
* 麻風 / 麻风 (máfēng)
* 麻餅 / 麻饼
* 麻骨
* 麻鴨 / 麻鸭 (máyā)
* 麻鷺 / 麻鹭
* 麻麻亮
* 麻麻呼呼
* 麻麻糊糊
* 麻麻黑
* 麻黃 / 麻黄 (máhuáng)
* 麻黃素 / 麻黄素 (máhuángsù)
* 麻點 / 麻点
* 黃麻 / 黄麻 (huángmá)
* 黑冠麻鷺 / 黑冠麻鹭 (hēiguān málù)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 麻 |
| Kyūjitai | 麻󠄁 麻+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 麻󠄃 麻+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: め (me)
* Kan-on: ば (ba)
* Tō-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
* Kun: あさ (asa, 麻, Jōyō)、お (o, 麻)、そ (so, 麻)
* Nanori: あ (a)、あさ (asa)、あざ (aza)、お (o)、ぬさ (nusa)

#### Compounds

* 麻布(あざぶ) (Azabu): Azabu, an area in Minato ward, Tokyo
* 麻雀(まあじゃん) (mājan): mahjong
* 麻疹(ましん) (mashin), 麻疹(はしか) (hashika): measles
* 麻酔(ますい) (masui): anesthesia
* 麻痺(まひ) (mahi): paralysis
* 麻薬(まやく) (mayaku): drug
* 大麻(たいま) (taima): marijuana
* 胡麻(ごま) (goma): sesame

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 麻
* あさ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese.
Likely cognate with Korean 삼 (sam, “hemp”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あさ [àsáꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [a̠sa̠]

#### Noun

麻(あさ) • (asa)
* hemp
** c. 800: Shibunritsu Ongi (page 47)
    麻衣 阿佐衣(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* flax
* linen

##### Derived terms

* 麻縄(あさなわ) (asanawa, “hempen rope”)
* 麻糸(あさいと) (asaito, “hemp yarn, hemp thread”)

#### Proper noun

麻(あさ) • (Asa)
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 麻
* お Grade: S
* kun'yomi
/wo/ → /o/
From Old Japanese 麻 (wo).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) お [óꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [o̞]

#### Noun

麻(お) • (o)
* the hemp or ramie plant
* thread or yarn made from fibers derived from the bark of hemp or ramie stems

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 麻
* そ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Possibly from an altered pronunciation of asa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [so̞]

#### Noun

麻(そ) • (so)
* hemp

##### Usage notes

Most often found in compounds.

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 麻
* ま Grade: S
* kan'yōon
From Middle Chinese 麻 (MC mae, “hemp”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ma̠]

#### Noun

麻(ま) • (ma)
* hemp (plant)
* the bark of the hemp plant
* thread, yarn, or cloth made from the hemp fiber, used in the past for mourning clothes in China

##### Derived terms

* 麻糸(まし) (mashi)

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2428 (paper), page 1266 (digital)
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
   * Tsukishima, Hiroshi (c. 800) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

麻 (eumhun 삼 마 (sam ma))
* hanja form of 마 (“hemp, jute, flax”)
* hanja form of 마 (“sesame”)

#### Compounds

* 마찰 (麻擦, machal)
* 대마 (大麻, daema)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

麻: Hán Nôm readings: ma, mà, mơ
* chữ Hán form of ma (“hemp, jute; sesame”).

#### Compounds

* 蕁麻 (tầm ma)
* 麻醉 (ma túy/ma tuý)