# 鄭

| 鄭 | U+912D, &#37165; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-912D |
| ← 鄬 [U+912C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鄮 → [U+912E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鄭 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿大弓中 (TKNL), four-corner 8742$_7$, composition ⿰奠阝)

#### Derived characters

* 擲(掷), 躑(踯), 𡂸, 𢤜(𫺫), 𤣀, 𧓸, 𧀿, 𬅈

#### Descendants

* 郑 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1277, character 30
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39647
* Dae Jaweon: page 1777, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3798, character 1
* Unihan data for U+912D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 奠 | *diːŋs |
| 鄭 | *deŋs |
| 擲 | *deɡ |
| 躑 | *deɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *deŋs): phonetic 奠 (OC *diːŋs) + semantic 邑.

### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “derivation of 奠 (OC m-tˁe[n]-s)?”

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhèng (zheng$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeng$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ziang$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhang
    (Hailu, HRS): chang$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cang$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): tiāng
* Eastern Min (BUC): dâng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): da$^5$ / daⁿ$^5$ / ding$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tīⁿ / tēⁿ / tēng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dên$^7$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): jing$^6$ / de$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèng
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$
*** Yale: jèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenq
*** Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeng$^6$
*** Yale: jehng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zéng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛːŋ²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ziang$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaŋ³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhang
*** Hakka Romanization System: cang
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chang$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰaŋ³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cang$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰaŋ⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tiāng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dâng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: da$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dāⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /ta²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: daⁿ$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tã²¹/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ding$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dīng
*** Sinological IPA : /tiŋ²¹/
* da5/daⁿ5 - vernacular (incl. surname);
* ding5 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit鄭 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/ /t͡səŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃəŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂə̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂə̃n¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡sən³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡sən¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡sen²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂə̃²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂən⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡səŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂəŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡sə̃ŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zən¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zen¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡zeŋ²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɨn²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰaŋ⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃʰɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɛŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡seŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sɛŋ²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tiŋ²²/ /tĩ²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tɑŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰiaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /tẽ¹¹/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡seŋ³³/ |
* Middle Chinese: drjengH
Rime :
| Character | 鄭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直正切 |
| Baxter | drjengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖiᴇŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖiajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯ɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]reŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*deŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鄭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhèng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjeng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]reŋ-s/ |
| English | Zhèng (a surname) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鄭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2352 |
| Phonetic component | 奠 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鄭 |
| Old Chinese | /*deŋs/ |

### Definitions

鄭
* (historical) Zheng (a former state in modern-day Henan, during the Zhou dynasty)
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Ruò shě Zhèng yǐwéi dōngdàozhǔ, xínglǐ zhī wǎnglái, gōng qí fákùn, jūn yì wú suǒ hài. [Pinyin]
    If you would spare Zheng as a host of the eastern roads, we are willing to provide hospitability and aid to your eastbound diplomatic missions. There could be no harm to you in this.
* Used in 鄭重／郑重 (zhèngzhòng, “solemn”).
* a surname
    鄭成功／郑成功 ― Zhèng Chénggōng ― Zheng Chenggong (Ming loyalist who resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century)
    鄭燮／郑燮 ― Zhèng Xiè ― Zheng Xie (Qing-era Chinese official, painter and calligrapher)

### Synonyms

* (surname): (Jinhua) 耳奠鄭／耳奠郑

### Compounds

* 南鄭 / 南郑
* 新鄭 / 新郑 (Xīnzhèng)
* 鄭人爭年 / 郑人争年
* 鄭人買履 / 郑人买履 (zhèngrénmǎilǚ)
* 鄭場 / 郑场 (Zhèngchǎng)
* 鄭履 / 郑履
* 鄭崇履聲 / 郑崇履声
* 鄭州 / 郑州 (Zhèngzhōu)
* 鄭店 / 郑店 (Zhèngdiàn)
* 鄭昭宋聾 / 郑昭宋聋
* 鄭氏群虎 / 郑氏群虎
* 鄭灣 / 郑湾 (Zhèngwān)
* 鄭營 / 郑营 (Zhèngyíng)
* 鄭箋 / 郑笺
* 鄭聲 / 郑声
* 鄭莊公 / 郑庄公
* 鄭衛之女 / 郑卫之女
* 鄭衛之曲 / 郑卫之曲
* 鄭衛之聲 / 郑卫之声
* 鄭衛之音 / 郑卫之音 (zhèngwèizhīyīn)
* 鄭衛桑間 / 郑卫桑间
* 鄭重 / 郑重 (zhèngzhòng)
* 鄭重其事 / 郑重其事
* 鄭集 / 郑集 (Zhèngjí)
* 鄭音 / 郑音
* 鄭驛留賓 / 郑驿留宾
* 關馬鄭白 / 关马郑白
* 雅鄭 / 雅郑

### Descendants

* → English: Cheng, Zheng, Tseng, Tay, Teh, Tee, Tey
* → Tagalog: Ty, Tee (via Hokkien)

### References

* “鄭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* (Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* courteous
* (historical) Zheng

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょう (jō)
* Kan-on: てい (tei)
* Kun: ねんごろ (nengoro, 鄭ろ)、かさねる (kasaneru, 鄭ねる)

#### Compounds

* 鄭(てい)重(じゅう) (teijū)
* 鄭(てい)声(せい) (teisei)
* 鄭(てい)重(ちょう) (teichō) (丁(てい)重(ちょう))

## Korean
### Hanja

鄭 (eumhun 나라 이름 정 (nara ireum jeong)) 鄭 (eumhun 성씨 정 (seongssi jeong))
* (historical) A former state in modern-day Henan
* a surname

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鄭: Hán Nôm readings: trịnh, Trịnh
* chữ Hán form of trịnh (“solemn”).
    鄭重 ― trịnh trọng ― solemn
* chữ Hán form of Trịnh (“a surname”).
    鄭公山 ― Trịnh Công Sơn