# アイヌ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* アィヌ

### Etymology

Proto-Ainu *aynu HL (< *a(n)=inu ?) (“person”, “man (in general)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʔájꜜnù]

### Noun

アイヌ (Latin spelling aynu)
* (Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) person, human being
* (Hokkaido, Sakhalin) (more specifically) Ainu person; the Ainu people
* (Hokkaido, Sakhalin) man (adult male)
* comrade
* (with possessives) father, husband
    クコロ アイヌku=koro ainumy father

#### Usage notes

This spelling is more common than アィヌ.
The Ainu pronunciation of this term has only two morae, so academic materials may spell this term in kana with the small ィ, or in romaji with a y, to explicitly indicate that the initial vowel is the single-mora diphthong ay (/ai̯/), and not the two-mora diphthong a i (/a.i/).
However, there is no three-mora term a i nu in the Ainu language, and most Ainu texts written in katakana use this spelling instead.
In traditional Ainu society, lazy people were known as ウェンペ.

#### Synonyms

* ウタリ (senses for "comrade, fellow" and "Ainu people")

#### Coordinate terms

* ミチ (mici, “father”)
* ホク (hoku, “husband”)
* シウェンテㇷ゚ (siwentep, “woman”)
* メノコ (menoko, “woman, girl”)
* マッ (mat, “woman, wife, mother”)
* マチ (maci, “wife”)
* ハポ (hapo, “mother”)
* ヘカチ (hekaci, “boy”)

#### Derived terms

* アイヌイタㇰ (“Aynu itak, the Ainu language”)
* アイヌフラ (“human smell”)
* アイヌモシㇼ (“Aynu mosir, land of humans; the world; Hokkaido as the Ainu homeland”)
* アイヌプリ (“Ainu traditions and customs”)
* オㇰカイアイヌ (“a man”) (North Kuril)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: アイヌ
** → English: Ainu
* → Russian: айн (ajn), а́йну (ájnu)

### References

* John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)‎, Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co.
* 中級アイヌ語―美幌― (Chūkyū Ainu-go - Bihoro, “Intermediate Ainu: Bihoro”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2011
* 中級アイヌ語―千歳― (Chūkyū Ainu-go - Chitose, “Intermediate Ainu: Chitose”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2011
* 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)
* 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)
* DYBOWSKI のシュムシュ島アイヌ語資料について（第1部） (DYBOWSKI No Shumushu Tō Ainu Go Shiryō Ni Tsuite (Dai 1 Bu), “On DYBOWSKI's Shumshu Island Ainu Language Materials (Part 1)”)‎ (in Japanese), Fukuoka: 村山七郎 (Murayama Shichirō), 1970 (Kuril)
   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)

## Japanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ainu アイヌ (aynu, “person, human being”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) アイヌ [áꜜìnù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [a̠inɯ̟]

### Proper noun

アイヌ • (Ainu)
* Ainu

#### Derived terms

* アイヌ犬(いぬ) (ainu inu): the Ainu-ken dog breed
* アイヌ語(ご) (ainugo): the Ainu language
* アイヌ人(じん) (ainujin): an Ainu person, the Ainu people
* アイヌ山葵(わさび) (ainu wasabi): “Ainu wasabi”: Cardamine valida, a kind of bitter cress
* 観光(かんこう)アイヌ (kankō ainu): "tourist Ainu": Ainu seen as stereotypical

#### Descendants

* → English: Ainu

#### References

* ↑ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
* ↑ “アイヌ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN