# 殿

| 殿 | U+6BBF, &#27583; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BBF |
| ← 殾 [U+6BBE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 毀 → [U+6BC0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

殿 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 尸金竹弓水 (SCHNE), four-corner 7724$_7$, composition ⿰𡱒殳)

#### Derived characters

* 澱

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 586, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16651
* Dae Jaweon: page 978, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2162, character 9
* Unihan data for U+6BBF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 殿 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 殿 | *tɯːns, *dɯːns |
| 澱 | *dɯːns |
| 壂 | *dɯːns |
| 臀 | *duːn |
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tɯːns, *dɯːns): phonetic 𡱂 (OC *duːn) + semantic 殳 (“hand holding a weapon”) – the sound of hitting (not attested in ancient documents).
Chi (2010) considers the character to be developed from 𠂤 (“buttocks”); 尸 (“body”) and 丌 (“pedestal”) are added to form 𡱂 (“buttocks”), and 殳 is added to emphasize the meaning of “hitting the buttocks”.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“buttocks; heel; dull; blunt; rounded part”). Compare Jingpho shatin (“buttocks”). Related to 臀 (OC *duːn, “buttocks”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Whether “lofty building” is related is unclear; Chi (2010) suggests that it is a semantic extension of “buttocks”, which are elevated from the ground.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): diàn (dian$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dian$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): din$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): en$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tien$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thien
    (Hailu, HRS): tien$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tiên$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): die$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): dāing
* Eastern Min (BUC): dâing
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): deng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): doin$^7$ / dain$^7$ / diang$^6$ / diêng$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: dian$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dian
*** Sinological IPA : /tiɛn²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: din$^6$
*** Yale: dihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: din$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: din$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: en$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /en³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tien$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiɛn¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thien
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰien³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tiên$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰiɛn⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: die$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tie⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dāing
*** Sinological IPA : /taiŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dâing
*** Sinological IPA : /taiŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: deng$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dēng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān
*** Tâi-lô: tiān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɛn²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɛn²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɛn³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: doin$^7$ / dain$^7$ / diang$^6$ / diêng$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tōiⁿ / tāiⁿ / tiăng / tiĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /tõĩ¹¹/, /tãĩ¹¹/, /tiaŋ³⁵/, /tieŋ³⁵/
* doin7/dain7 - vernacular (dain7 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai);
* diang6/diêng6 - literary (diêng6 - Chaozhou).
* Middle Chinese: denH, tenH
Rime :
| Character | 殿 | 殿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 堂練切 | 都甸切 |
| Baxter | denH | tenH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /den$^H$/ | /ten$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /den$^H$/ | /ten$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛn$^H$/ | /tɛn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛn$^H$/ | /tɛn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /den$^H$/ | /ten$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dien$^H$/ | /tien$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱien$^H$/ | /tien$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | diàn | diàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | din$^6$ | din$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-t]ˤə[n]-s/, /*tˤə[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tɯːns/, /*dɯːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 殿 | 殿 | 殿 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | diàn | diàn | diàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ den$^H$ › | ‹ ten$^H$ › | ‹ ten$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[N-t]ˁə[n]-s/ | /*tˁə[n]-s/ | /*tˁə[n]-s/ |
| English | palace | rear (building, army unit) | palace, hall |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 殿 | 殿 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 2355 | 2356 |
| Phonetic component | 殿 | 殿 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 殿 | 電 |
| Old Chinese | /*tɯːns/ | /*dɯːns/ |

### Definitions

殿
* lofty building; hall; palace; temple
    From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 詩篇 (Psalm) 26:8
    Yēhéhuá a, wǒ xǐ'ài nǐ suǒ zhù de diàn hé nǐ xiǎn róngyào de jūsuǒ. [Pinyin]
    Lord, I have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place where thine honour dwelleth.
* to bring up the rear
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, military) rear
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to protect; to defend
* a surname

### Compounds

* 一殿
* 三大殿
* 三官殿 (Sānguāndiàn)
* 三寶殿 / 三宝殿
* 三時殿 / 三时殿
* 三殿
* 三清殿
* 三身殿
* 丙殿
* 中和殿
* 中殿 (zhōngdiàn)
* 丹殿
* 九華殿 / 九华殿
* 九間大殿 / 九间大殿
* 九間朝殿 / 九间朝殿
* 九龍殿 / 九龙殿
* 乾陽殿 / 干阳殿
* 交泰殿
* 享殿
* 仁智殿
* 佛殿 (fódiàn)
* 保和殿
* 便殿
* 偏殿
* 儀鸞殿 / 仪鸾殿
* 內殿 / 内殿
* 六合殿
* 最殿
* 凌波殿
* 凌霄殿
* 別殿 / 别殿
* 前殿
* 劍履上殿 / 剑履上殿
* 十殿
* 十殿閻王 / 十殿阎王
* 十王殿
* 升殿
* 卻非殿 / 却非殿
* 合歡殿 / 合欢殿
* 含元殿
* 吳殿 / 吴殿
* 含章殿
* 呵殿
* 地下宮殿 / 地下宫殿
* 坐殿
* 大成殿
* 大殿 (dàdiàn)
* 大殿選 / 大殿选
* 大登殿
* 大雄寶殿 / 大雄宝殿 (dàxióng bǎo diàn)
* 太和殿 (Tàihédiàn)
* 天王殿
* 妝殿 / 妆殿
* 宣和殿
* 宴殿
* 宮殿 / 宫殿 (gōngdiàn)
* 寒殿
* 寢殿 / 寝殿
* 寶殿 / 宝殿 (bǎodiàn)
* 小殿直
* 層殿 / 层殿
* 山殿
* 帷殿
* 帳殿 / 帐殿
* 幄殿
* 幕殿
* 廣寒殿 / 广寒殿
* 廟殿 / 庙殿
* 廡殿 / 庑殿
* 延英殿
* 建始殿
* 彤殿
* 影殿
* 後殿 / 后殿
* 御殿
* 復殿 / 复殿
* 忍殿
* 懋勤殿
* 抗殿
* 拜殿
* 掖殿
* 掃殿 / 扫殿
* 握髮殿 / 握发殿
* 撒殿
* 文德殿
* 文華殿 / 文华殿
* 明光殿
* 明殿
* 昇陽殿 / 升阳殿
* 昭仁殿
* 昭陽殿 / 昭阳殿 (Zhāoyáng Diàn)
* 暖殿
* 書殿 / 书殿
* 月殿
* 月殿嫦娥
* 未央殿 (Wèiyāng Diàn)
* 朱殿
* 朵殿
* 松殿
* 柏梁殿
* 架殿
* 桂宮蘭殿 / 桂宫兰殿
* 桂殿
* 梵殿
* 椒房殿
* 椒殿
* 棕殿
* 椒殿院
* 森羅寶殿 / 森罗宝殿
* 森羅殿 / 森罗殿 (Sēnluódiàn)
* 楚殿
* 樓殿 / 楼殿
* 正殿 (zhèngdiàn)
* 武殿試 / 武殿试
* 武英殿
* 殿下 (diànxià)
* 殿上虎
* 殿主
* 殿使
* 殿元
* 殿兵
* 殿最
* 殿呵
* 殿喝
* 殿堂 (diàntáng)
* 殿宇 (diànyǔ)
* 殿寢 / 殿寝
* 殿屎
* 殿岩
* 殿巖 / 殿岩
* 殿帥 / 殿帅
* 殿庭
* 殿廬 / 殿庐
* 殿廷
* 殿後 / 殿后 (diànhòu)
* 殿撰
* 殿春
* 殿本
* 殿榜
* 殿版
* 殿直
* 殿省
* 殿罰 / 殿罚
* 殿腳 / 殿脚
* 殿腳女 / 殿脚女
* 殿舉 / 殿举
* 殿舍
* 殿虎
* 殿試 / 殿试 (diànshì)
* 殿負 / 殿负
* 殿軍 / 殿军 (diànjūn)
* 殿邦
* 殿鐘自鳴 / 殿钟自鸣
* 殿閣 / 殿阁
* 殿闕 / 殿阙
* 殿闥 / 殿闼
* 殿陛
* 殿院
* 殿頭官 / 殿头官
* 殿魁
* 毳殿
* 水殿
* 油殿
* 浴殿
* 涼殿 / 凉殿
* 清虛殿 / 清虚殿
* 湯殿 / 汤殿
* 照殿紅 / 照殿红
* 燕殿
* 玉樓金殿 / 玉楼金殿
* 玉殿
* 珍殿
* 珠殿
* 琪殿
* 瑤殿 / 瑶殿
* 璧殿
* 瓊殿 / 琼殿
* 瓦殿
* 畫殿 / 画殿
* 登殿 (dēngdiàn)
* 白虎殿
* 皇極殿 / 皇极殿
* 石殿
* 石虎殿
* 碧殿
* 祈年殿
* 神御殿
* 祕殿 / 秘殿
* 神殿 (shéndiàn)
* 禁殿
* 秋殿
* 稽殿
* 竹殿
* 紫殿
* 紺殿 / 绀殿
* 繞殿雷 / 绕殿雷
* 罵殿 / 骂殿
* 義殿 / 义殿
* 茅殿
* 虎殿
* 蜀殿瓊人 / 蜀殿琼人
* 行殿
* 複殿 / 复殿
* 記殿 / 记殿
* 設朝升殿 / 设朝升殿
* 訶殿 / 诃殿
* 課殿 / 课殿
* 講殿 / 讲殿
* 議殿 / 议殿
* 讌殿 / 宴殿
* 負殿 / 负殿
* 賀后罵殿 / 贺后骂殿
* 路殿
* 軒殿 / 轩殿
* 退殿
* 通光殿
* 通明殿
* 過殿 / 过殿
* 遺殿 / 遗殿
* 遶殿雷 / 绕殿雷
* 避宮殿 / 避宫殿
* 避正殿
* 避殿
* 還殿 / 还殿
* 邃殿
* 避殿損膳 / 避殿损膳
* 避殿減膳 / 避殿减膳
* 邇英殿 / 迩英殿
* 配殿
* 重殿
* 金殿 (jīndiàn)
* 金華殿 / 金华殿
* 金華殿語 / 金华殿语
* 金鑾寶殿 / 金銮宝殿
* 金鑾殿 / 金銮殿
* 金鸞殿 / 金鸾殿
* 銀安殿 / 银安殿
* 銀殿 / 银殿
* 鋪殿花 / 铺殿花
* 鎮殿將軍 / 镇殿将军
* 鏡殿 / 镜殿
* 鑾殿 / 銮殿
* 長樂殿 / 长乐殿
* 長生殿 / 长生殿 (Chángshēng Diàn)
* 閣殿 / 阁殿
* 閻王殿 / 阎王殿 (Yánwángdiàn)
* 閻羅殿 / 阎罗殿 (Yánluódiàn)
* 阿房殿
* 阿殿
* 陛殿
* 陵殿
* 集仙殿
* 集賢殿 / 集贤殿
* 離殿 / 离殿
* 離殿別寢 / 离殿别寝
* 雲殿 / 云殿
* 霜殿
* 靈光殿 / 灵光殿
* 靈和殿 / 灵和殿
* 靈霄寶殿 / 灵霄宝殿 (Língxiāobǎodiàn)
* 青娥殿腳 / 青娥殿脚
* 青殿
* 鞏殿 / 巩殿
* 韓王殿 / 韩王殿
* 風殿 / 风殿
* 飛殿 / 飞殿
* 飛行殿 / 飞行殿
* 飛雲殿 / 飞云殿
* 養心殿 / 养心殿
* 館殿 / 馆殿
* 饗殿 / 飨殿
* 香殿
* 馬殿 / 马殿
* 騶殿 / 驺殿
* 驅殿 / 驱殿
* 魯殿 / 鲁殿
* 魯殿靈光 / 鲁殿灵光
* 魯靈光殿 / 鲁灵光殿
* 鴛鴦殿 / 鸳鸯殿
* 鵲殿 / 鹊殿
* 鷲殿 / 鹫殿
* 鸞殿 / 鸾殿
* 麒麟殿
* 麟德殿
* 麟殿
* 麟趾殿
* 龍殿 / 龙殿

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: điện (殿)

### See also

* 宮／宫 (gōng)
* 闕／阙 (què)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* palace, hall, temple
* lord, noble

#### Readings

* Go-on: でん (den, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: てん (ten, Jōyō)
* Kun: との (tono, 殿, Jōyō)、どの (dono, 殿, Jōyō)、しんがり (shingari, 殿)
* Nanori: あと (ato)、すえ (sue)、との (tono)

#### Compounds

* 沈殿(ちんでん) (chinden)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 殿
* どの Grade: S
* kun'yomi
The tono changes to dono as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [do̞no̞]

#### Suffix

殿(どの) • (-dono)
* Mr., Ms., a more formal title than さん (-san) but not so respectful as 様(さま) (-sama)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 殿
* との Grade: S
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) との [tóꜜnò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [to̞no̞]

#### Noun

殿(との) • (tono)
* a feudal lord
    殿様(とのさま)
       tono-sama
       daimyo

#### Descendants

* → Ainu: トノ

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 殿
* でん Grade: S
* goon
From Middle Chinese 殿 (MC denH|tenH).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) でん [déꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [dẽ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

殿(でん) • (den)
* palace, mansion, castle, lofty building
* rear

#### Suffix

殿(でん) • (-den)
* honorific used after a Buddhist name

#### Affix

殿(でん) • (den)
* mansion
* rear

### References

* ↑ “殿”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

殿 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

殿: Hán Nôm readings: điện, đền, điếng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.