# ablaut
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Ablaut (“sound gradation”), which is from ab- or ab (“down, off”), + Laut (“sound”). Ab is used here in the sense of “deviating, varying” as in Abgott (“god other than the true God”), Abart (“different sort, variety, anomality”).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˈɑbˌlaʊt/, /ˈɑpˌlaʊt/, /ˈæbˌlaʊt/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (Canada):(file)
* Rhymes: -aʊt
* Hyphenation: ab‧lowt

### Noun

ablaut (countable and uncountable, plural ablauts)
* (phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19th century.]
    Synonym: alternation
    Hypernyms: gradation, apophony

#### Derived terms

* ablauting

#### Related terms

* umlaut

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

ablaut (third-person singular simple present ablauts, present participle ablauting, simple past and past participle ablauted)
* (intransitive, linguistics, of a vowel-containing linguistic component) To undergo a change of vowel.
** 1983, Stephanie W. Jamison, Function and Form in the -áya-formations of the Rig Veda and ...‎, page 209:This root must once have ablauted, given the associated nominal derivatives prthii- 'broad', prthivl- 'earth'. However, it does not ablaut at all in its verbal forms.
** 1985, Michael E. Krauss, Yupik Eskimo prosodic systems: descriptive and comparative studies‎, page 241:What we find is that one cannot predict which members of V a given member of E will cause to ablaut
** 2006, Felix K. Ameka, Alan Charles Dench, Nicholas Evans, Catching language: the standing challenge of grammar writing‎, page 536:It is these co-opted verbs that tend to ablaut variably in the different Dakotan dialects and that forced morphological restructuring
** 2012, Bernard Comrie, Zarina Estrada Fernández, Relative Clauses in Languages of the Americas: A Typological Overview‎, page 219:This allomorph also causes the back vowel to ablaut to a low vowel.
* (transitive, linguistics) To cause to change a vowel.

#### Derived terms

* unablauted

### See also

* Apophony on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### References

* ↑ Morris, William, editor (1969), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., published 1971, →ISBN, page 3
* ↑ Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “ablaut”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 5.

### Anagrams

* Butala, tabula

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch ablaut, borrowed from German Ablaut, from ab- +‎ Laut.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ab‧laut

### Noun

ablaut (plural ablaute)
* (linguistics) ablaut

## Finnish
### Etymology

From German Ablaut.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑblɑut/, [ˈɑ̝blɑ̝ut̪]
* Rhymes: -ɑblɑut
* Hyphenation: ab‧la‧ut

### Noun

ablaut
* (linguistics) ablaut

#### Declension

Possessive forms of ablaut (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ablautini
ablautini
accusative
nom.
ablautini
ablautini
gen.
ablautini
genitive
ablautini
ablautieni
partitive
ablautiani
ablautejani
inessive
ablautissani
ablauteissani
elative
ablautistani
ablauteistani
illative
ablautiini
ablauteihini
adessive
ablautillani
ablauteillani
ablative
ablautiltani
ablauteiltani
allative
ablautilleni
ablauteilleni
essive
ablautinani
ablauteinani
translative
ablautikseni
ablauteikseni
abessive
ablautittani
ablauteittani
instructive
comitative
—ablauteineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ablautisi
ablautisi
accusative
nom.
ablautisi
ablautisi
gen.
ablautisi
genitive
ablautisi
ablautiesi
partitive
ablautiasi
ablautejasi
inessive
ablautissasi
ablauteissasi
elative
ablautistasi
ablauteistasi
illative
ablautiisi
ablauteihisi
adessive
ablautillasi
ablauteillasi
ablative
ablautiltasi
ablauteiltasi
allative
ablautillesi
ablauteillesi
essive
ablautinasi
ablauteinasi
translative
ablautiksesi
ablauteiksesi
abessive
ablautittasi
ablauteittasi
instructive
comitative
—ablauteinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ablautimme
ablautimme
accusative
nom.
ablautimme
ablautimme
gen.
ablautimme
genitive
ablautimme
ablautiemme
partitive
ablautiamme
ablautejamme
inessive
ablautissamme
ablauteissamme
elative
ablautistamme
ablauteistamme
illative
ablautiimme
ablauteihimme
adessive
ablautillamme
ablauteillamme
ablative
ablautiltamme
ablauteiltamme
allative
ablautillemme
ablauteillemme
essive
ablautinamme
ablauteinamme
translative
ablautiksemme
ablauteiksemme
abessive
ablautittamme
ablauteittamme
instructive
comitative
—ablauteinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ablautinne
ablautinne
accusative
nom.
ablautinne
ablautinne
gen.
ablautinne
genitive
ablautinne
ablautienne
partitive
ablautianne
ablautejanne
inessive
ablautissanne
ablauteissanne
elative
ablautistanne
ablauteistanne
illative
ablautiinne
ablauteihinne
adessive
ablautillanne
ablauteillanne
ablative
ablautiltanne
ablauteiltanne
allative
ablautillenne
ablauteillenne
essive
ablautinanne
ablauteinanne
translative
ablautiksenne
ablauteiksenne
abessive
ablautittanne
ablauteittanne
instructive
comitative
—ablauteinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
ablautinsa
ablautinsa
accusative
nom.
ablautinsa
ablautinsa
gen.
ablautinsa
genitive
ablautinsa
ablautiensa
partitive
ablautiaan ablautiansa
ablautejaan ablautejansa
inessive
ablautissaan ablautissansa
ablauteissaan ablauteissansa
elative
ablautistaan ablautistansa
ablauteistaan ablauteistansa
illative
ablautiinsa
ablauteihinsa
adessive
ablautillaan ablautillansa
ablauteillaan ablauteillansa
ablative
ablautiltaan ablautiltansa
ablauteiltaan ablauteiltansa
allative
ablautilleen ablautillensa
ablauteilleen ablauteillensa
essive
ablautinaan ablautinansa
ablauteinaan ablauteinansa
translative
ablautikseen ablautiksensa
ablauteikseen ablauteiksensa
abessive
ablautittaan ablautittansa
ablauteittaan ablauteittansa
instructive
comitative
—ablauteineen ablauteinensa :

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Ablaut (“ablaut”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɒblɒut]
* Hyphenation: ab‧laut
* Rhymes: -ut

### Noun

ablaut (plural ablautok)
* (phonology) ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)
    Synonyms: apofónia, tőhangváltás, tőhangváltozás, tőhangzóváltás, tőhangzóváltozás

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
* ↑ Laczkó, Krisztina with Attila Mártonfi (2006) Helyesírás [Orthography], Budapest: Osiris Kiadó, →ISBN, page 426

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From English ablaut, from German Ablaut (“sound gradation”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /aˈblaut/ [aˈbla.ʊt̪̚]
* Rhymes: -aut
* Syllabification: a‧bla‧ut

### Noun

ablaut
* ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)

### See also

* umlaut

### Further reading

* ablaut on the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{id}$
* “ablaut” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Portuguese
### Noun

ablaut m (plural ablauts)
* (linguistics) ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Ablaut.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈab.lawt/

### Noun

ablaut n (plural ablauturi)
* ablaut
    Synonym: apofonie

#### Declension
### Further reading

* ablaut in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Ablaut.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǎblaut/

### Noun

àblaut m (Cyrillic spelling а̀блаут)
* (linguistics) ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)
    Synonyms: prévoj, prijévoj