# kol
## Azerbaijani
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [coɫ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kol (definite accusative kolu, plural kollar)
* bush
* (Zaqatala) forest

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: քոլ (kʻol)

### Further reading

* “kol” in Obastan.com.

## Cornish
### Noun

kol
* Hard mutation of gol.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkol]

### Noun

kol n
* genitive plural of kolo

### Adverb

kol
* (literary) Alternative form of kolem

### Preposition

kol
* (literary) Alternative form of kolem

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kol
* Rhymes: -ɔl
* Homophone: col

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

kol f (plural kollen, diminutive kolletje n)
* witch
    Synonyms: heks, toverkol
* (Belgium) wizard, magician, sorcerer, conjuror, warlock
    Synonym: tovenaar

##### Derived terms

* toverkol

#### Adjective

kol (comparative koller, superlative kolst)
* (Belgium) difficult, troublesome
* (Belgium) magical

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *kullaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“head”).

#### Noun

kol m (plural kollen, diminutive kolletje n)
* white spot on the forehead of a horse or a cow
    Synonym: bles

### References

* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “kol1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

### Anagrams

* lok

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷol-, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”).

### Noun

kol n (genitive singular kols, uncountable)
* coal
* carbon
* charcoal

#### Declension
## Finnish
### Etymology

< kolme, specifically the initial syllable

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkol/, [ˈko̞l]
* Rhymes: -ol
* Hyphenation: kol

### Numeral

kol (colloquial)
* (counting) three

#### Usage notes

This term is used mainly in counting, i.e. not attributively.

#### Synonyms

* kolme

### Anagrams

* klo

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷol-, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰɔːl/
* Rhymes: -ɔːl
    Homophone: Kol

### Noun

kol n (genitive singular kols, nominative plural kol)
* (usually in the plural) coal
* (in compounds) carbon (chemical element)
* artist's charcoal
    Synonym: teiknikol

#### Derived terms

* kolefni
* kolkrabbi
* kolvetni

#### See also

* kol- (used to add emphasis)

## Indonesian
### Etymology 1

From Dutch kool (“cabbage”), from Middle Dutch col, cole, from Old Dutch *kōl, *kōla, from Latin caulis, from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”). Doublet of kubis.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔl], [ˈkol]
* Hyphenation: kol

#### Noun

kol (plural kol-kol)
* cabbage
    Synonym: kubis

##### Derived terms

* bunga kol
* kembang kol

##### Related terms

* sirkol

### Etymology 2

From clipping of kolonel (“colonel”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔl], [ˈkol]
* Hyphenation: kol

#### Noun

kol (plural kol-kol)
* colonel

### Etymology 3

A genericized trademark of the Japanese automobile nameplate Mitsubishi Colt, from English colt (“young male horse”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔl], [ˈkol]
* Hyphenation: kol

#### Noun

kol (plural kol-kol)
* front-engine minibus or pickup

### Etymology 4

From Dutch calculeren (“to calculate, to estimate”), from Latin calculātus.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔl]
* Hyphenation: kol

#### Verb

kol
* to calculate, to estimate, to check

##### Derived terms

* mengekol

### Etymology 5

From Dutch kool (“coal”), from Middle Dutch cole, from Old Dutch *kol, *kolo, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷol-, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔl], [ˈkol]
* Hyphenation: kol

#### Noun

kol (plural kol-kol)
* (colloquial) coal
    Synonym: batu bara

### Further reading

* “kol” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
* Jones, Russell. 2008. Loan-words in Indonesian and Malay. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kol.

### Noun

kol
* arm, hand

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “kol”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Related to kas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koːl/

### Conjunction

kõl
* while, as long as (within or during the time that the second argument is still valid); (with negation) until
    leñk mẽdį, kõl jáunas - strike while the iron is hot (literally: bend the wood while it is young)
    Žmogùs gývas tõl, kõl gyvi̇̀ prisimini̇̀mai apiẽ jį̇̃. - A person is alive for as long as memories of him live on.
    Skaičiaũ, kõl neužmigaũ. - I read until I fell asleep.
* (with future tense) when, after
    Àš tavę̃s pasii̇̀lgsiu, kõl tù bū́si išvažiãvus. - I'll miss you when you've gone.

#### Derived terms

* kol kas

#### Related terms

* tol, šiol

## Nawdm
### Noun

kol d (plural kola ɦa)
* river, watercourse

### References

* Bakabima, Koulon Stéphane, Nicole, Jacques (2018) Nawdm-French Dictionary‎, SIL International

## Nihali
### Noun

kol
* woman

### Further reading

* Shailendra Mohan, Noun morphology in Nihali and Korku

## North Wahgi
### Noun

kol
* name

### References

* Heather and Don Mc Lean, North Wahgi (Yu We) Organised Phonology Data (2005), p. 2

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* kull

### Etymology

From Old Norse kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koːl/
* Homophone: kål

### Noun

kol n (definite singular kolet, indefinite plural kol, definite plural kola or kolene)
* form removed by a 2021 spelling decision; superseded by køl

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷol-, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔːl/

### Noun

kol n (definite singular kolet, uncountable)
* coal

#### Derived terms

* kolsyre
* kolgruve
* kolsvart

### References

* “kol” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kol, whence also Old English col, Old Norse kol.

### Noun

kol n
* coal

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: kol
** Cimbrian: kholl
** German: Kohle
** Luxembourgish: Kuel
** Yiddish: קויל (koyl)

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* kul

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kulą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷol-, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”).

### Noun

kol n pl
* coal

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: kol
* Faroese: kol
* Norwegian Nynorsk: kol
** → Norwegian Bokmål: kol
* Jamtish: kuł
* Old Swedish: kol, kul
** Swedish: kol
* Danish: kul
** Norwegian Bokmål: kull

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “kol”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɔl/
* Rhymes: -ɔl
* Syllabification: kol

### Verb

kol
* second-person singular imperative of kłuć
    Synonym: kłuj

### Further reading

* kol in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kolъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ́ʋ/

### Noun

kȍl m inan
* stake

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kol”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Somali
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

kol m
* time

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

kol m
* growth

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷol-, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koːl/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -oːl
* Homophone: kål (in standard language and most dialects)

### Noun

kol n
* (uncountable) carbon
* (uncountable) coal (either rock or charcoal)
* (countable) a piece of coal
    ett glödande kolan ember

#### Related terms

* (carbon): kol-14-datering, kolcykel, koldioxid, kolhydrat, kolmonoxid / koloxid, kolsyra, kolväte
* (coal): brunkol, grillkol, kola, kolgruva, kolkraft, kolmila, kolsvart, stenkol, träkol

### References

* kol in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* kol in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* kol in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH

### Anagrams

* klo, lok

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology 1

From English cold.

#### Adjective

kol
* cold
** 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:8:Long apinun, taim ples i kol, tupela i harim God, Bikpela i wokabaut long dispela gaden, na tupela i hait namel long ol diwai.→New International Version translation

### Etymology 2

From English call.

#### Adjective

kol
* called

##### Related terms

* kolim

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koɫ/, [ˈkʰo̞ʷɫ̟̊]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قول (qol, “arm, sleeve, branch”), from Proto-Turkic *kol (“upper arm”). Cognate to Old Uyghur qwl (qol, “arm”), Karakhanid قُولْ (qōl, “arm”).

#### Noun

kol (definite accusative kolu, plural kollar)
* arm
** 1997, “Şımarık”, performed by Tarkan:Takmış koluna elin adamını Beni orta yerimden çatlatıyorTaking some other guy by the arm She's tearing me in two
* handle
* branch
* (military) troop; patrol; column

##### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
kol
kollar
definite accusative
kolu
kolları
dative
kola
kollara
locative
kolda
kollarda
ablative
koldan
kollardan
genitive
kolun
kolların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
kolum
kollarım
2nd singular
kolun
kolların
3rd singular
kolu
kolları
1st plural
kolumuz
kollarımız
2nd plural
kolunuz
kollarınız
3rd plural
kolları
kolları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
kolumu
kollarımı
2nd singular
kolunu
kollarını
3rd singular
kolunu
kollarını
1st plural
kolumuzu
kollarımızı
2nd plural
kolunuzu
kollarınızı
3rd plural
kollarını
kollarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
koluma
kollarıma
2nd singular
koluna
kollarına
3rd singular
koluna
kollarına
1st plural
kolumuza
kollarımıza
2nd plural
kolunuza
kollarınıza
3rd plural
kollarına
kollarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
kolumda
kollarımda
2nd singular
kolunda
kollarında
3rd singular
kolunda
kollarında
1st plural
kolumuzda
kollarımızda
2nd plural
kolunuzda
kollarınızda
3rd plural
kollarında
kollarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
kolumdan
kollarımdan
2nd singular
kolundan
kollarından
3rd singular
kolundan
kollarından
1st plural
kolumuzdan
kollarımızdan
2nd plural
kolunuzdan
kollarınızdan
3rd plural
kollarından
kollarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
kolumun
kollarımın
2nd singular
kolunun
kollarının
3rd singular
kolunun
kollarının
1st plural
kolumuzun
kollarımızın
2nd plural
kolunuzun
kollarınızın
3rd plural
kollarının
kollarının :

##### Related terms

* kol kanat
* kolaçan
* kolçak
* koldaş
* kollamak
* kollu
* kolluk
* kolordu
* kolsuz
* koltuk

#### References

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kol”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *kōl (“valley”).

#### Noun

kol (definite accusative kolu, plural kollar)
* (dialectal) valley

## Volapük
### Preposition

kol
* against