# 父

| 父 | U+7236, &#29238; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7236 |
| ← 爵 [U+7235] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 爷 → [U+7237] |
| ⽗ | U+2F57, &#12119; KANGXI RADICAL FATHER |
| ← ⽖ [U+2F56] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽘ → [U+2F58] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 父 |
| Simplified | 父 |
| Japanese | 父 |
| Korean | 父 |

### Han character

父 (Kangxi radical 88, 父+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金大 (CK), four-corner 8040$_0$, composition ⿱八乂(GHJTV) or ⿱八⿻乀丿(K))
* Kangxi radical #88, ⽗.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/父
* 𠇑, 㕮, 𡵛, 㳇, 𣏤, 蚥, 𨊽, 䭸, 𫙉, 𩵹(𩽻), 𨚅, 𨾝, 𩾿
* 𠛈, 𫷁, 斧, 𭷕, 𤤎, 𤱇, 𧉊, 釜, 𬥐, 𨥏, 𮮕, 𫇫, 𢨰, 𠀱, 𤱀, 𩂎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 690, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19721
* Dae Jaweon: page 1103, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2039, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7236

#### Further reading

* 父 on Wikidata.Wikidata

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 父 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 抪 | *paː, *paːs |
| 布 | *paːs |
| 佈 | *paːs |
| 怖 | *pʰaːs |
| 斧 | *paʔ |
| 父 | *paʔ, *baʔ |
| 蚥 | *paʔ, *baʔ |
| 滏 | *baʔ |
| 釜 | *baʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – A hand holding a stone blade, referring to a man working with a stone axe.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paʔ (“male; father”).
Regular development from Middle Chinese would lead to the labiodental fù in Mandarin, but the colloquial word resisted the sound changes and is now written as 爸 (bà), with the 巴 (bā) phonetic component added to it to indicate the unchanged bilabial initial.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fù (fu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фу (fu, III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fu$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): fu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fu
    (Hailu, HRS): fu$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fu$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): hū
* Eastern Min (BUC): hâu / hô
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hū / hǔ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hu$^6$ / bê$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$vu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fù
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fù
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^4$
*** Yale: fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: fu$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
*** Sinological IPA : /fu²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /fou⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fu$^6$
*** Yale: fuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fu$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuː²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: fu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /fu¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
*** Hakka Romanization System: fu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fu$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hū
*** Sinological IPA : /xu⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hâu / hô
*** Sinological IPA : /hɑu²⁴²/, /hou²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hū
*** Tâi-lô: hū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hu
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hu²²/
*** IPA (Jinjiang): /hu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hu³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǔ
*** Tâi-lô: hǔ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hu²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hu$^6$ / bê$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ / pĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /hu³⁵/, /pe³⁵/
* hu6 - literary;
* bê6 - semantic (original character is 爸).
* Middle Chinese: bjuX
Rime :
| Character | 父 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 扶雨切 |
| Baxter | bjuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /buə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /bio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-p](r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*baʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 父 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ bju$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[N-p](r)aʔ/ |
| English | father |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 父 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 3504 |
| Phonetic component | 父 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 父 |
| Old Chinese | /*baʔ/ |

#### Definitions

父
* father (male parent)
    父親／父亲 ― fùqīn ― (formal) father
    父母 ― fùmǔ ― parents; father and mother
    父子 ― fùzǐ ― father and son
    父女 ― fùnǚ ― father and daughter
    父輩／父辈 ― fùbèi ― one's father's generation
    家父 ― jiāfù ― (humble) my father
    生父 ― shēngfù ― biological father
    養父／养父 ― yǎngfù ― adoptive father
    繼父／继父 ― jìfù ― stepfather
    Antonym: 母 (mǔ)
* Used to address a male elder member of a family.
    祖父 ― zǔfù ― paternal grandfather (one's father's father)
    伯父 ― bófù ― paternal uncle (father's elder brother)
    叔父 ― shūfù ― paternal uncle (father's younger brother)
    岳父 ― yuèfù ― father-in-law (wife's father)
    舅父 ― jiùfù ― maternal uncle (mother's brother)
    姨父 ― yífù ― maternal uncle (husband of mother's sister)
    姑父 ― gūfù ― paternal uncle (husband of father's sister)
    Antonym: 母 (mǔ)
* father (pioneering male figure in a particular field)
    雜交水稻之父／杂交水稻之父 ― zájiāo shuǐdào zhī fù ― (specifically) Father of Hybrid Rice (Yuan Longping)
    國父／国父 ― guófù ― father of a nation; (specifically) Father of the Republic (Sun Yat-sen)
* (Christianity) Father; God the Father
    天父 ― Tiānfù ― Heavenly Father
** 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 馬太福音 [Matthew] 28:19:
       Suǒyǐ nǐmen yào qù, shǐ wànmín zuò wǒ de méntú, fèng Fù Zǐ Shènglíng de míng, gěi tāmen shīxǐ. [Pinyin]
       Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit [World English Bible]

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 父, 爺, 嚴 honorific |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 父親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 父親, 老頭兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 爸爸, 爸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 爸爸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 爸爸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 爸爸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 父親, 爸爸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 爸爸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 父親 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 父親, 爸爸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 父親, 爸爸, 爹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 爸爸, 爸, 爹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 爸爸, 爹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 爸爸, 父親, 爹, 阿瑪 dated, Manchus |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 爸爸, 爸, 爹哋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 爸爸, 爸, 老爸 <> |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 爸爸, 老爸, 爹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 父親, 爸爸, 爹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 爸爸, 爹, 伯 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 爸爸 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 爸爸, 爹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 爹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 爸爸, 爹, 大 Hui, 大大 Hui |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 爸爸 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 爹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 爹, 爸爸 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 爸爸, 爹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 大大, 爺, 爸爸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 爹, 爸爸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 爹, 大 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 爸爸, 大 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 爸, 爹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 爸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 爸爸, 爹, 大 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 父親, 爸爸, 爹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 爹, 伯, 達 Hui or suburbs |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 爸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 父親, 爹, 爸爸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 爸, 爸爸, 達 Hui |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 父親, 爸, 爹, 伯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 爸爸, 大 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 阿達, 達達, 爹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanqi | 爹, 達達 Hui, 阿達 Hui, 老爹 <> |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 答答, 爸爸, 父親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 父親, 爹, 爸爸, 爸, 大大, 大 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 達達, 達, 阿達 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 爹, 爸爸, 父親 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 爹, 爸爸, 老子 <>, 老爹 <>, 父親 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 大大, 爸, 爹爹 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 大大 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 爸爸, 爹, 爹爹, 達, 達達, 阿達 Hui, 先人 <>, 老爹 <>, 達當子 <> |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 爸爸, 爸, 老頭兒 <>, 老把子 <>, 老漢兒 <> |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 父親, 爸爸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 爸爸, 爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 父親, 爸爸, 爸爸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 父親, 爸爸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 父親, 大大, 爺, 爸爸, 爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 老漢兒, 爸爸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 爸爸, 爹 dated, 伯伯 <>, dated, 老子 <>, 老頭 <>, 點頭磕 <>, dated, 父老二 <>, dated, casual, 八叉 <>, dated, slang, 父親 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 父親, 爸爸, 伯伯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 父親, 爸爸, 爹, 大大 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 爸爸, 爹 dated, 老爹 <>, 老者 <>, 老者者 <> |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 爹, 爸爸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 爸爸, 老伯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 爸爸, 爺爺, 大爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 阿爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 爸爸, 父親, 爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 爸爸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 爸爸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 爸, 阿爸, 爹, 老爹 <>, 爹老 <>, 爺老 <>, 老頭子 <> |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 父親, 爸爸, 爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 爹 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 父親, 爸爸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 阿爸, 阿爹, 爸爸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 爸, 爹, 爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 爹, 爸爸, 伯伯, 爹爹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 爸爸, 爹爹, 老子 <>, 父親 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 父親, 爸爸, 大大 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 父親, 爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 父, 父啊, 爸, 爸爸, 爺 <> |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 父親, 爸爸, 伯伯, 大大 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 爸爸, 大大 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 伯伯, 爺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 伯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 父親, 父, 爸爸, 伯伯, 伯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 阿爸, 爸爸, 爹哋, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 阿爸, 爸爸, 爸, 爹哋, 爸B, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 阿爸, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 爹, 阿爸 <>, 爸 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 爸爸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 阿爸, 爹哋, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu) | 爸爸, 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan) | 阿叔, 阿爸, 阿大 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huangpu) | 阿叔, 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun) | 阿叔, 阿爸, 阿大, 阿伯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun) | 阿叔, 阿爸, 阿哥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun) | 阿叔, 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun) | 阿叔, 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun) | 阿叔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun) | 阿叔, 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun) | 阿叔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu) | 阿叔, 阿哥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 爸爸, 阿叔 dated, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 阿叔, 阿伯, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿哥, 阿叔, 奶公, 阿爺, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 阿爸, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 阿叔, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 阿爹, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 阿爸, 阿爹, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <>, dated |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 阿爸, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 阿爸, 老子 <>, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Huancheng) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Nanlang) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Xiaolan) | 阿爸, 阿爹 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Henglan) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Dongfeng) | 阿爸, 阿爹 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Nantou) | 阿爸, 阿爹 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Fusha) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shalang) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Gangkou) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Huangpu) | 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿爹 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Sanjiao) | 阿大, 爸爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) | 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿爹 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Minzhong) | 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿爹 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Guzhen) | 阿爹 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Banfu) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Tanzhou) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 阿爸, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 阿爸, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 阿爸, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 阿爸, 阿爹, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 阿爸, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 阿爸, 阿爹, 阿爺, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 阿爹, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 阿爹, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 阿爸, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 阿爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <>, 爸爸 childish, 爹哋 childish, 爸B childish, 阿大 rare, 老子 <> |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 老豆, 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 老豆, 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 阿爸, 阿爹 <>, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 老豆, 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 阿爸, 老豆, 爸爸 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang (Cheban) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 阿爸 |
| Cantonese | Wuchuan (Meilu) | 老豆 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 阿爸, 爸, 老豆, 老嘢 <> |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 爸爸, 阿叔, 叔公, 阿哥, 俺老子 <>, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 爸爸, 阿公, 俺公 <> |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 爸爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 爸爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 阿爸, 阿叔, 阿哥, 老豆 <> |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 爺 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 老豆, 阿爸, 爹哋, 老頭子 <> |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <> |
| Gan | Nanchang | 爸爸, 爺, 老子 <>, 爺老子 <> |
| Gan | Lichuan | 爺, 伯伯, 家父 <> |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 爺爺, 爹爹, 爸爸, 爺老子 <> |
| Hakka | Meixian | 阿爸, 爺仔 <> |
| Hakka | Xingning | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <> |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 阿爸, 爸爸 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 阿爸, 爸爸 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 阿爸, 爺子 <> |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 阿爺, 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 爸 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 阿爸, 父親 <> |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 爺 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Changting | 爹爹, 哥哥, 爹哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 阿哥, 伯 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 爺哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 爸 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 伯 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 哥哥, 爹 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 爸爸, 爺老 <> |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 爹 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 爹爹, 爹子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 爹, 爸爸 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 爸爸 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 爸爸 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 爸爸 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 爸爸, 爺爺 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 阿爸, 爺仔 <> |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 阿爸, 爺仔 <> |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 阿爸, 爺仔 <> |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 阿爸, 爺仔 <> |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 阿怙, 阿爺 <> |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 老子 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 阿爸, 老子 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 阿爸, 老豆 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 阿叔, 阿爹, 阿哥, 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 老子 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 爸, 哥 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 阿爸 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 阿爸 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 伯伯, 爹, 老子 <> |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 伯, 爺, 相, 爸爸, 大 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 爹, 爺, 爸 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 爺, 阿爺 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 爹爹, 爸爸, 官人 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 爺兒, 伯兒 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 爸爸, 爺 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 爸爸, 大大, 大, 爹, 老子 <> |
| Jin | Pingyao | 爹 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 父親, 爹, 爸爸, 爸 |
| Jin | Datong | 父親, 爸爸, 爹 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 大大, 大 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 父親, 爸爸, 爹, 老子 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 爸爸, 爹 |
| Jin | Linhe | 父親, 爸爸, 大, 老子 |
| Jin | Jining | 爸爸, 大 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 父親, 爸爸, 大, 老子 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 父親, 爸爸, 大 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 爹 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 大 |
| Jin | Handan | 父親, 爹 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 爹 |
| Jin | Suide | 爸爸, 老子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 爸爸, 爺爺 dated, 爹 <> |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 依爹, 依爸, 依爺 dated, 郎爸 <> |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 爸, 爸爸, 官, 阿伯, 阿哥, 阿叔 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 依爹 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 爸爸 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 阿爸, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 老的 <>, 娘爸 <>, dated |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 老爸 <>, 俺爸 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 阿爸, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 老的 <> |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 阿爸, 阿官, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 老的 <>, 娘爸 <>, dated |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 娘爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 阿爸, 娘爸 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 爸, 老大 <>, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 爸爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 老歲仔, 老的, 阿爸, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 爸爸, 阿丈, 阿爸, 阿將, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 阿丈, 阿叔, 阿爸, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 阿府, 阿爸, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 爸爸, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 多桑, 爸爸, 阿叔, 阿爸, 俺二仔, 俺爹, 俺爸, 阿爹, 爹爹, 爹親, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 阿爹, 爸爸, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 俺爹, 俺爸 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 阿爸, 爹, 二仔, 爸爸, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 阿爸, 爸, 爸爸, 老爸 <>, 爹 <>, 老的 <> |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 爸, 爸爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 爸爸, 爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 阿爸, 阿爹, 阿父 <>, 父 <> |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 阿爸, 阿父 <>, 父 <>, 大人 <>, honorific |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 阿爸, 父 <>, 大人 <>, honorific |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 阿爸, 阿父, 阿爹 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 爸, 爸爸, 阿爸, 父, 爹 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿父 <>, 爸 <> |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 阿父, 父 <>, 老父 <> |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 阿父 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 爸, 兄 dated, 阿 dated, 尼父 <>, 父 <>, 尼阿 <>, dated |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 阿爹, 阿兄, 阿官, 阿爸, 爸 <> |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 阿爸, 郎爸 <> |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 郎爸 <> |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 爸爸, 爹, 老子 <> |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 爸, 數字, 數老, 阿叔 dated, 老子 <> |
| Wu | Shanghai | 爸爸, 老爸, 爹爹 dated, 阿伯 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 爹爹, 阿爹 uncommon, 爺, 爺爺 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 爹爹 |
| Wu | Danyang | 爹爹, 爹, 爸爸 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 爹, 阿伯, 爸爸, 老子 <> |
| Wu | Ningbo | 阿伯, 爸爸, 爹 <>, 阿爹 <>, 老頭子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 阿爸, 阿伯, 阿大 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 伯伯, 爹爹, 爸爸 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 伯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 爹爹, 爺爺, 爺, 爺老倌 <>, 爺老子 <> |
| Xiang | Loudi | 爹爹, 爺老倌 <>, 爺老子 <>, 爺 <>, 老人家 <> |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 爹爹, 爺 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 爸爸 new-style, 爹爹 old style, 爺老子 <>, 爺 <>, 爺老倌子 <>, 老子 <> |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 大, 爹爹, 爸爸, 爺子 <>, 大子 <> |
| Note | <> - non-face-to-face | <> - non-face-to-face |

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǔ (fu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fu$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hu$^6$ / hu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^3$
*** Yale: fǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fu$^2$
*** Yale: fú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuː³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú
*** Tâi-lô: hú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hu$^6$ / hu$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ / hú
*** Sinological IPA : /hu³⁵/, /hu⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: pjuX
Rime :
| Character | 父 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 方矩切 |
| Baxter | pjuX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pio$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pio$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pio$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pi̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)aʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*paʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 父 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pju$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*p(r)aʔ/ |
| English | (respectful suffix in male names) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 父 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 3500 |
| Phonetic component | 父 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 甫 |
| Old Chinese | /*paʔ/ |

#### Definitions

父
* (literary, respectful) old man; elderly man
    漁父／渔父 ― yúfǔ ― old fisherman
    田父 ― tiánfǔ ― old farmer
* (literary) Alternative form of 甫 (“honorific suffix used after a man's name; courtesy name”)
       Liángfǔshān (Liángfǔshān) [Pinyin]
       Mount Liangfu (alternately, Mount Liangfu) (in Shandong, China)
* a surname

### Compounds

* 一過不父 / 一过不父
* 丁父憂 / 丁父忧 (dīngfùyōu)
* 丁父艱 / 丁父艰
* 三父八母
* 世父 (shìfù)
* 中父
* 主父
* 乃父
* 五父
* 亞父 / 亚父
* 亡父 (wángfù)
* 亭父
* 亶父
* 人父 (rénfù)
* 任父
* 仲父
* 伯夷父
* 伯父 (bófù)
* 俗父
* 假父
* 傅年父母
* 傅父 (fùfù)
* 傖父 / 伧父 (cāngfǔ)
* 儈父 / 侩父
* 元父
* 先父 (xiānfù)
* 兒無常父 / 儿无常父
* 內父 / 内父
* 公父
* 公父訓 / 公父训
* 公祖父母
* 再從父 / 再从父
* 再生父母 (zàishēngfùmǔ)
* 冶父
* 力父
* 十阿父
* 博父國 / 博父国
* 叔父 (shūfù)
* 古公亶父
* 召父杜母
* 名父
* 同父
* 君山老父
* 君師父 / 君师父
* 君父 (jūnfù)
* 單父 / 单父
* 單父琴 / 单父琴
* 嗣父母
* 嘯父 / 啸父
* 嚴父 / 严父 (yánfù)
* 國父 / 国父 (guófù)
* 土父
* 圻父
* 壤父
* 外大父
* 外父 (wàifù)
* 外王父
* 外祖父 (wàizǔfù)
* 大師父 / 大师父
* 大父 (dàfù)
* 大王父
* 太父
* 天父 (tiānfù)
* 夸父
* 夸父追日
* 夸父逐日
* 契父 (qìfù)
* 姑父
* 姨父
* 嫡父
* 子州支父
* 子承父業 / 子承父业
* 子為父隱 / 子为父隐
* 子父
* 孔宣父
* 孔父
* 孔父嘉
* 季父 (jìfù)
* 宏父
* 宗父
* 宣父
* 家人父子
* 宰父 (Zǎifù)
* 家父 (jiāfù)
* 寄父 (jìfù)
* 富父
* 封父
* 射父
* 小父
* 尚父 (shàngfù)
* 尼父
* 山父
* 岳父 (yuèfù)
* 巢父
* 師尚父 / 师尚父
* 師父 / 师父 (shīfu)
* 師父娘 / 师父娘
* 幹父 / 干父
* 幹父之蠱 / 干父之蛊
* 弒父 / 弑父 (shìfù)
* 弓父
* 弟父
* 後父 / 后父 (hòufù)
* 徒父
* 從父 / 从父
* 從父兄 / 从父兄
* 從父姊妹 / 从父姊妹
* 從祖父 / 从祖父
* 從祖祖父 / 从祖祖父
* 恩同父母
* 愚父
* 慈父 (cífù)
* 慶父 / 庆父
* 戀父情結 / 恋父情结
* 支父
* 教父 (jiàofù)
* 教父哲學 / 教父哲学
* 斫父
* 族曾王父
* 族曾祖父
* 族父
* 族父母
* 族祖父
* 族祖父母
* 是父是子
* 晚父
* 曾大父
* 曾父
* 曾王父
* 曾祖父 (zēngzǔfù)
* 曾祖王父
* 有其父必有其子 (yǒu qí fù bì yǒu qí zǐ)
* 朴父
* 杖父
* 村父
* 村父老
* 杜父魚 / 杜父鱼 (dùfùyú)
* 東父 / 东父
* 東王父 / 东王父
* 柏亮父
* 柏夷亮父
* 桂父
* 梁父
* 梁父吟
* 梁父山 (Liángfǔshān)
* 樵父
* 樸父 / 朴父
* 正父
* 江東父老 / 江东父老
* 漁父 / 渔父 (yúfǔ)
* 漁父引 / 渔父引
* 漁父曲 / 渔父曲
* 漁父行 / 渔父行
* 漢陰老父 / 汉阴老父
* 無父 / 无父
* 無父無君 / 无父无君
* 父世縣 / 父世县
* 父事
* 父任
* 父債子還 / 父债子还
* 父兄 (fùxiōng)
* 父喪 / 父丧
* 父嚴子孝 / 父严子孝
* 父國 / 父国
* 父執 / 父执 (fùzhí)
* 父執輩 / 父执辈
* 父天
* 父天母地
* 父子 (fùzǐ)
* 父子兵
* 父子同牝
* 父子天性
* 父子軍 / 父子军
* 父宗
* 父師 / 父师
* 父息
* 父慈子孝 (fùcízǐxiào)
* 父憂 / 父忧
* 父族
* 父服
* 父析子荷
* 父業 / 父业 (fùyè)
* 父權 / 父权 (fùquán)
* 父母 (fùmǔ)
* 父母之命
* 父母之邦
* 父母國 / 父母国
* 父母子女
* 父母官 (fùmǔguān)
* 父母恩勤
* 父母雙亡 / 父母双亡
* 父母骨肉
* 父為子隱 / 父为子隐
* 父王 (fùwáng)
* 父祖 (fùzǔ)
* 父禰 / 父祢
* 父精母血
* 父系 (fùxì)
* 父系制度
* 父老 (fùlǎo)
* 父臺 / 父台
* 父舅
* 父艱 / 父艰
* 父蔭 / 父荫
* 父親 / 父亲 (fùqīn)
* 父親節 / 父亲节 (fùqīnjié)
* 父賞 / 父赏
* 父輩 / 父辈 (fùbèi)
* 父道
* 父馬 / 父马
* 父黨 / 父党
* 狐父
* 猶父 / 犹父
* 猿父
* 王大父
* 王父
* 生父 (shēngfù)
* 田父 (tiánfù)
* 甲父
* 田父之功
* 田父之獲 / 田父之获
* 田父野叟
* 田父野老
* 異父 / 异父
* 皇父
* 相父
* 眾父 / 众父
* 眾父父 / 众父父
* 瞿父
* 祈父
* 神父 (shénfù)
* 祖父 (zǔfù)
* 祖父母 (zǔfùmǔ)
* 祖王父
* 穀父蠶母 / 谷父蚕母
* 粉父
* 緹縈救父 / 缇萦救父
* 縣父母 / 县父母
* 繼父 / 继父 (jìfù)
* 罕父
* 義父 / 义父 (yìfù)
* 老師父 / 老师父
* 老父 (lǎofù)
* 老父母
* 老父臺 / 老父台 (lǎofùtái)
* 耕父
* 聖父 / 圣父 (Shèngfù)
* 肉父
* 舅父 (jiùfù)
* 舉父 / 举父
* 苗父
* 虜父 / 虏父
* 蚚父
* 蜜父
* 衣食父母 (yīshífùmǔ)
* 親生父母 / 亲生父母
* 言父
* 許父 / 许父
* 認仇作父 / 认仇作父
* 認敵作父 / 认敌作父
* 認賊作父 / 认贼作父 (rènzéizuòfù)
* 認賊為父 / 认贼为父
* 誼父 / 谊父
* 諸父 / 诸父
* 證父 / 证父
* 證父攘羊 / 证父攘羊
* 谿父
* 豪父
* 貜父
* 資父 / 资父
* 賣身葬父 / 卖身葬父
* 越石父
* 跨牛父
* 農父 / 农父
* 造父
* 那父
* 邵父
* 郊父
* 重生父母
* 野父
* 門父 / 门父
* 阿父 (āfù)
* 雄父
* 雍父
* 電父 / 电父
* 章父
* 章父薦屨 / 章父荐屦
* 頑父嚚母 / 顽父嚚母
* 顯父 / 显父
* 養不教，父之過 / 养不教，父之过 (yǎngbùjiào, fùzhīguò)
* 養父 / 养父 (yǎngfù)
* 養身父母 / 养身父母
* 高祖父 (gāozǔfù)
* 高祖王父
* 魁父
* 魚父 / 鱼父
* 麝父
* 麟父筆 / 麟父笔
* 黃父 / 黄父
* 黃父鬼 / 黄父鬼

### References

* “父”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02471
* Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “父” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 父 |
| Kyūjitai | 父󠄁 父+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぶ (bu)、ふ (fu, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: ほ (ho)
* Kun: ちち (chichi, 父, Jōyō)、てて (tete, 父)、とと (toto, 父)、ちゃん (chan, 父)、かそ (kaso, 父)
* Nanori: のり (nori)

#### Compounds

* 祖父(じじ) (jiji), 祖父(じい) (jī)
* 秩父(ちちぶ) (Chichibu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 父
* ちち Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese 父 (titi), from Proto-Japonic *titi.
Still in modern usage.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちち [chìchíꜜ] (Odaka –)
* (Tokyo) ちち [chíꜜchì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡ɕi̥t͡ɕi]

#### Noun

父(ちち) • (chichi)
* father
    野比(のび)のび助(すけ)は、主(しゅ)人(じん)公(こう)のび太(た)の父(ちち)。
       Nobi Nobisuke wa, shujinkō Nobita no chichi.
       Nobi Nobisuke is the father of the protagonist Nobita.
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 115:
    父(ちち)　爲(す)考(こう)、和(わ)名(めい)知(ち)々(ち)、日(に)本(ほん)紀(き)私(し)記(き)云(いう)加(カ)曾(ソ)
       chichi sukō, wamei chichi, Nihon Ki Shiki iu kaso
       Father: considered in Japanese as chichi; in the Nihon Shoki Shiki it is pronounced kaso
* (by extension, figurative) a father figure (male initiator or founder of something)
    近(きん)代(だい)医(い)学(がく)の父(ちち)
       kindai igaku no chichi
       the father of modern medicine
* (Christianity) God, the Holy Father

##### Usage notes

* This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms like お父(とう)さん (otōsan) are preferred.
* This term is sometimes used in objective narrations, but for this purpose, 父(ちち)親(おや) (chichioya) is more common.

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “father”): 母(はは) (haha, “mother”)

##### Derived terms

* 父君(ちちぎみ) (chichigimi)
* 父(ちち)御(ご) (chichigo)
* 父者(ちちじゃ)人(ひと) (chichija hito)
* 小父(おじ) (oji)
* 伯父(おじ) (oji)
* 叔父(おじ) (oji)
* 親父(おやじ) (oyaji)
* 父上(ちちうえ) (chichiue, “honourable father”, term in respect primarily used in writing)
* 父親(ちちおや) (chichioya, “father”, specifically as someone's parent)
* 父(ちち)無(な)し子(ご) (chichinashigo, “fatherless child”)
* 父母(ちちはは) (chichihaha, “father and mother, both parents”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 父
* てて Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
Appears in the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 970 CE.
Glossed as “I[gualmente], chichi. Pay” (“same as chichi. Father”) in Nippo Jisho.
Shift from chichi.
Usage continued until at least the early 1700s.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [te̞te̞]

#### Noun

父(てて) • (tete)
* (archaic) one's own father

##### Derived terms

* ててうちぐり (teteuchiguri)
* 父(てて)打(う)ち母(はは)打(う)ち (teteuchi hahauchi)
* 父君(ててぎみ) (tetegimi)
* 父(てて)御(ご) (tetego)
* 父者(ててじゃ)人(ひと) (teteja hito)
* 父(てて)無(な)し金(がね) (tetenashigane)
* 父(てて)無(な)し子(ご) (tetenashigo)
* 大父(おおてて) (ōtete)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 父
* とと Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
Appears in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.
Originally a shift from chichi or tete in baby talk, used by children to refer to their own father.
Still in modern usage.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とと [tóꜜtò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [to̞to̞]

#### Noun

父(とと) • (toto)
* (childish) one's own father: daddy
    Coordinate term: 母 (kaka)
* (by later extension) a husband, master of the house

##### Derived terms

* 父(とう)さん (tōsan)
** お父(とう)さん (otōsan)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 父
* ちゃん Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 爺
/totosan/ → /totːɕan/ → /t͡ɕan/
Likely a contraction of 父さん (toto-san).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちゃん [cháꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡ɕã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

父(ちゃん) • (chan)
* (informal, possibly dialect) one's own father [from Edo to early-Meiji period]
* (by later extension) the head or master of an establishment such as a teahouse, boathouse, etc.

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 父
* ふ Grade: 2
* goon
The “father” and “uncle” affixes is from Middle Chinese 父 (MC bjuX).
The “old man” affix is from Middle Chinese 父 (MC pjuX).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɸɯ̟]

#### Affix

父(ふ) • (fu)
* father
* father figure
* uncle
* old man, elderly man

##### Derived terms

* 父(ふ)君(くん) (fukun, “honourable father”)
* 父(ふ)系(けい) (fukei)
* 父(ふ)子(し) (fushi)
* 父(ふ)母(ぼ) (fubo)
* 父(ふ)老(ろう) (furō)
* 亜(あ)父(ふ) (afu)
* 岳(がく)父(ふ) (gakufu)
* 義(ぎ)父(ふ) (gifu)
* 教(きょう)父(ふ) (kyōfu)
* 漁(ぎょ)父(ふ) (gyofu)
* 君(くん)父(ぷ) (kunpu)
* 厳(げん)父(ぷ) (genpu)
* 国(こく)父(ふ) (kokufu)
* 慈(じ)父(ふ) (jifu)
* 叔(しゅく)父(ふ) (shukufu)
* 諸(しょ)父(ふ) (shofu)
* 神(しん)父(ぷ) (shinpu)
* 実(じっ)父(ぷ) (jippu)
* 祖(そ)父(ふ) (sofu)
* 尊(そん)父(ぷ) (sonpu)
* 代(だい)父(ふ) (daifu)
* 伯(はく)父(ふ) (hakufu)
* 亡(ぼう)父(ふ) (bōfu)

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 父
* ほ Grade: 2
* kan'yōon
From a corruption of Middle Chinese 父 (MC pjuX).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ho̞]

#### Affix

父(ほ) • (ho)
* (honorific) old man

##### Derived terms

* 尼父(じほ) (Jiho)

### Etymology 7

* Kanji in this term
* 父
* かそ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
⟨kaso$_2$⟩ → */kasə/ → /kaso/ → /kazo/
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE as unvoiced kaso. Further derivation unknown.
May have fallen out of use by 1603, when neither kaso nor kazo are found in the Nippo Jisho. Kaso would be here as the sixth entry from the bottom on the left, and kazo would be here as the eighth from the bottom on the right.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠zo̞]

#### Noun

父(かぞ) • (kazo)
* (obsolete) one's own father
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 115:
    父(ちち)　爲(す)考(こう)、和(わ)名(めい)知(ち)々(ち)、日(に)本(ほん)紀(き)私(し)記(き)云(いう)加(カ)曾(ソ)
       chichi sukō, wamei chichi, Nihon Ki Shiki iu kaso
       Father: considered in Japanese as chichi; in the Nihon Shoki Shiki it is pronounced kaso

##### Derived terms

* 父(かぞ)母(いろは) (kazo iroha)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ “Tete”, in Nippo Jisho, 1604, page 256
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 父 (MC bjuX, “father”).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 뿡〯 (Yale: ppwǔ$^?$) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 부〮 (pwú)$^訓$ (Yale: pwú) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 부 ( pwu)$^訓$ (Yale: pwu) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 부 ( pwu)$^訓$ (Yale: pwu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pu]
* Phonetic hangul: [부]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 父 (eumhun 아비 부 (abi bu))
* Hanja form of 부 (“father”).
* Hanja form of 부 (“elderly male relative”).

##### Compounds

* 부계 (父系, bugye)
* 부권 (父權, bugwon)
* 부녀 (父女, bunyeo)
* 부도 (父道, budo)
* 부로 (父老, buro)
* 부명 (父命, bumyeong)
* 부모 (父母, bumo)
* 부사 (父師, busa)
* 부자 (父子, buja)
* 부조 (父祖, bujo)
* 부집 (父執, bujip)
* 부친 (父親, buchin)
* 부형 (父兄, buhyeong)
* 가부 (家父, gabu)
* 계부 (繼父, gyebu)
* 군부 (君父, gunbu)
* 내부 (乃父, naebu)
* 노부/로부 (老父, nobu/robu)
* 대부 (代父, daebu)
* 망부 (亡父, mangbu)
* 백부 (伯父, baekbu)
* 빙부 (聘父, bingbu)
* 사부 (師父, sabu)
* 생부 (生父, saengbu)
* 성부 (聖父, seongbu)
* 숙부 (叔父, sukbu)
* 신부 (神父, sinbu)
* 악부 (岳父, akbu)
* 양부 (養父, yangbu)
* 어부 (漁父, eobu)
* 엄부 (嚴父, eombu)
* 왕부 (王父, wangbu)
* 유부 (猶父, yubu)
* 의부 (義父, uibu)
* 이부 (李父, ibu)
* 자부 (慈父, jabu)
* 제부 (諸父, jebu)
* 조부 (祖父, jobu)
* 천부 (天父, cheonbu)
* 친부 (親父, chinbu)
* 부사지 (父事之, busaji)
* 부선망 (父先亡, buseonmang)
* 부주전 (父主前, bujujeon)
* 조부모 (祖父母, jobumo)
* 고조부 (高祖父, gojobu)
* 족대부 (族大父, jokdaebu)
* 족조부 (族祖父, jokjobu)
* 증조부 (曾祖父, jeungjobu)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 父 (MC pjuX, “old man; elderly man”).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 붕〯 (Yale: pwǔ$^?$) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [po̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [보]

#### Hanja

父 (eumhun 사내 보 (sanae bo))
* (literary) Hanja form of 보 (“respectful term for an elderly man”).
    Synonym: 甫 (보 (bo))

##### Compounds

* 공보 (孔父, gongbo)
* 선보 (宣父, seonbo)
* 이보/니보 (尼父, ibo/nibo)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology 1

Reduplication of ti below.

#### Noun

父 (titi) (kana ちち)
* one's own father
    Coordinate term: 母 (omo, papa)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 13, poem 3312:, text here
    ...奥床仁母者睡有外床丹父者寐有......okuto$_2$ko$_2$ ni papa pa inetari to$_1$do$_2$ko$_2$ ni titi pa inetari...(please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Derived terms

* 父母 (titipapa)
* 母父 (omotiti)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 父 (chichi, tete, toto)

### Etymology 2

Eastern dialect of titi above.

#### Noun

父 (sisi) (kana しし)
* (regional, Northern Eastern Old Japanese) one's own father
    Antonym: 母 (amo)

##### Derived terms

* 母父 (amosisi, “mother and father”)

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Japonic *ti.

#### Noun

父 (ti) (kana ち)
* (honorific) a term of respect for males
** 711–712, Kojiki, poem 48:
    加志能布邇余久須袁都久理余久須邇迦美斯意富美岐宇麻良爾岐許志母知袁勢麻呂賀知kasi no$_2$ pu ni yo$_2$kusu wo tukuri yo$_2$kusu ni kami$_1$si opomi$_1$ki$_1$ umara ni ki$_1$ko$_2$simo$_2$tiwose maro$_2$ ga ti(please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Note: Poem 39 of the Nihon Shoki is similar to this but replaces 迦美斯 (kami$_1$si) with 伽綿蘆 (kame$_1$ru).

##### Derived terms

* 父 (titi, “father”, see above)
* 祖父 (opodi, “grandfather”)
* 小父 (wodi)
** 伯父 (wodi, “older uncle”)
** 叔父 (wodi, “younger uncle”)
** 爺 (wodi, “old man”)

### Etymology 4

Unknown.

#### Noun

父 (kaso$_2$) (kana かそ)
* one's own father
    Antonym: 母 (iro$_2$pa)
** 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Ninken, entry 11: sixth year, ninth month in autumn:菱城邑人鹿父〈鹿父、人名也。俗、呼父為柯曾〉聞而向前曰「何哭之哀甚、若此乎」。A man of Pisikï village, Kakasö (his name is Kakasö; it was customary to call one's father kasö) heard [the woman's] cries, turned to her, and asked, “Why these cries of grief, young one?”

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 父 (kazo)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Vietnamese
### Han character

父: Hán Việt readings: phụ (扶(phù)雨(vũ)切(thiết))
父: Nôm readings: phụ, phủ

### Affix

父 (phụ)
* Chữ Hán form of phụ (“father”).
* Chữ Hán form of phụ (“elderly male relative”).

#### Compounds

* 伯父 (bá phụ)
* 叔父 (thúc phụ)
* 岳父 (nhạc phụ)
* 師父 (sư phụ)
* 父兄 (phụ huynh)
* 父子 (phụ tử)
* 父權 (phụ quyền)
* 父母 (phụ mẫu)
* 父系 (phụ hệ)
* 父老 (phụ lão)
* 父親 (phụ thân)
* 祖父 (tổ phụ)
* 義父 (nghĩa phụ)
* 親父 (thân phụ)

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).