# 保險
## Chinese

* 保險

### Etymology
#### "insurance"

    First attested in the 1860s, in English and Chinese Dictionary: With the Punti and Mandarin Pronunciation [1866] by German missionary Wilhelm Lobscheid.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎoxiǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^2$ him$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): bau$^3$ xien$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó-hiám
* Northern Min (KCR): bǎu-hǐng
* Eastern Min (BUC): bō̤-hiēng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bor$^3$ hieng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pó-hiám
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bo$^2$ hiam$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$pau-shi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎoxiǎn [Phonetic: báoxiǎn]
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎosiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^3$-hsien$^3$
*** Yale: bǎu-syǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baoshean
*** Palladius: баосянь (baosjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^2$ him$^2$
*** Yale: bóu hím
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^2$ him$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^2$ him$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³⁵ hiːm³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: bau$^3$ xien$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pau²¹³⁻²⁴ ɕiɛn²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-hiám
*** Hakka Romanization System: bo$^ˋ$ hiam$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bo$^3$ hiam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /po³¹ hi̯am³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǎu-hǐng
*** Sinological IPA : /pau²¹ xiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bō̤-hiēng
*** Sinological IPA : /po³³⁻³⁵ $^{(h-)}$ieŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bor$^3$ hieng$^3$ [Phonetic: bor$^5$ hieng$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bô̤-hiâng
*** Sinological IPA : /pɒ⁴⁵³⁻²¹ hiɛŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bor$^3$ hieng$^3$ [Phonetic: bor$^5$ hieng$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /pɒ³³²⁻²¹ hiɛŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-hiám
*** Tâi-lô: pó-hiám
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poy'hiarm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiam⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bo$^2$ hiam$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pó hiám
*** Sinological IPA : /po⁵²⁻³⁵ hiam⁵²⁻²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$pau-shi
*** MiniDict: pau$^去$ shi
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$pau-xi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³³ ɕi⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: pawX xjemX
Rime :
| Character | 保 | 險 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 鹽 (154) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 博抱切 | 虚檢切 |
| Baxter | pawX | xjemX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɑu$^X$/ | /hˠiᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pɑu$^X$/ | /hᵚiɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pɑu$^X$/ | /xiæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paw$^X$/ | /hjiam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pɑu$^X$/ | /xjɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pɑu$^X$/ | /xĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pɑu$^X$/ | /xi̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bǎo | xiǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bou$^2$ | him$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤuʔ qʰr[a]mʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*puːʔ qʰramʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 保 | 險 | 險 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bǎo | xiǎn | xiǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ paw$^X$ › | ‹ xjæm$^X$ › | ‹ xjem$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁuʔ/ | /*qʰr[a]mʔ/ | /*qʰr[a]mʔ/ |
| English | protect | precipitous, dangerous | precipitous, dangerous |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 保 | 險 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 318 | 10221 |
| Phonetic component | 保 | 僉 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 寶 | 險 |
| Old Chinese | /*puːʔ/ | /*qʰramʔ/ |

### Verb

保險
* to assure; to guarantee
       Wǒ gǎn bǎoxiǎn zhè shì shìjiè xīn jìlù. [Pinyin]
       I can assure you that this is the new world record.
* (colloquial) to be bound to; to be sure to
       Zhào wǒ shuō de zuò, bǎoxiǎn méishì. [Pinyin]
       Do as I say and I am sure you will be fine.
* (literary) to guard a strategic place; to defend a strategic pass

#### Synonyms

* (to assure):
* 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 保準 / 保准 (bǎozhǔn) (colloquial)
* 保穩 / 保稳 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 保證 / 保证 (bǎozhèng)
* 保障 (bǎozhàng)
* 保領 / 保领 (Hokkien)
* 包
* 包保 (bāobǎo)
* 包管 (bāoguǎn) (colloquial)
* 包領 / 包领 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 擔保 / 担保 (dānbǎo)
* 確保 / 确保 (quèbǎo)
* 管 (guǎn)
* 管保 (guǎnbǎo) (colloquial)
* 管教 (guǎnjiào)

### Adjective

保險
* safe; secure
       Tiānqì hūlěnghūrè, duō chuān diǎn bǎoxiǎn! [Pinyin]
       The weather is quite variable; please wear a bit more just to be safe!

#### Synonyms

* 信實 / 信实 (xìnshí)
* 停 (tíng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 可恃 (kěshì) (literary)
* 可靠 (kěkào)
* 把牢 (bǎláo) (regional, chiefly in the negative)
* 把穩 / 把稳 (bǎwěn) (regional)
* 牢 (láo)
* 牢牢 (láoláo)
* 牢靠 (láokào)
* 穩妥 / 稳妥 (wěntuǒ)
* 穩當 / 稳当
* 穩陣 / 稳阵 (wan2 zan6) (Cantonese)

### Noun

保險
* safety (mechanical device on a firearm)
* insurance; indemnity (equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another in exchange for payment) (Classifier: 份 m c)
    保險額／保险额 ― bǎoxiǎn é ― insurance coverage
       Nǐ de chē shàng bǎoxiǎn le ma? [Pinyin]
       Is your car insured?

#### Synonyms

* (insurance): (short form) 險／险 (xiǎn), (Cantonese, dated) 燕梳

### Adverb

保險
* (dialectal) certainly

#### Synonyms

* 一定 (yīdìng)
* 保準 / 保准 (bǎozhǔn) (colloquial)
* 保管 (bǎoguǎn)
* 勢必 / 势必 (shìbì)
* 定必 (ding$^6$ bit$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 必定 (bìdìng)
* 必然 (bìrán)
* 決計 / 决计 (juéjì)
* 準保 / 准保 (zhǔnbǎo)
* 準定 / 准定 (zhǔndìng)
* 無疑 / 无疑 (wúyí)
* 硬額 / 硬额 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 肯定 (kěndìng)

### Derived terms

* 人壽保險 / 人寿保险 (rénshòu bǎoxiǎn)
* 人身保險 / 人身保险 (rénshēn bǎoxiǎn)
* 保險人 / 保险人 (bǎoxiǎnrén)
* 保險係數 / 保险系数 (bǎoxiǎn xìshù)
* 保險公司 / 保险公司 (bǎoxiǎn gōngsī)
* 保險刀 / 保险刀 (bǎoxiǎndāo)
* 保險刀片 / 保险刀片
* 保險利益 / 保险利益
* 保險合同 / 保险合同 (bǎoxiǎn hétong)
* 保險單 / 保险单 (bǎoxiǎndān)
* 保險套 / 保险套 (bǎoxiǎntào)
* 保險帶 / 保险带 (bǎoxiǎndài)
* 保險期 / 保险期 (bǎoxiǎnqī)
* 保險桿 / 保险杆 (bǎoxiǎngǎn)
* 保險業 / 保险业 (bǎoxiǎnyè)
* 保險槓 / 保险杠 (bǎoxiǎngàng)
* 保險櫃 / 保险柜 (bǎoxiǎnguì)
* 保險法 / 保险法 (bǎoxiǎnfǎ)
* 保險燈 / 保险灯 (bǎoxiǎndēng)
* 保險盒 / 保险盒 (bǎoxiǎnhé)
* 保險箱 / 保险箱 (bǎoxiǎnxiāng)
* 保險絲 / 保险丝 (bǎoxiǎnsī)
* 保險給付 / 保险给付
* 保險經紀人 / 保险经纪人
* 保險裝置 / 保险装置 (bǎoxiǎn zhuāngzhì)
* 保險計劃 / 保险计划 (bǎoxiǎn jìhuà)
* 保險費 / 保险费 (bǎoxiǎnfèi)
* 保險賠償 / 保险赔偿
* 保險金 / 保险金 (bǎoxiǎnjīn)
* 保險金額 / 保险金额 (bǎoxiǎn jīn'é)
* 保險開關 / 保险开关
* 健康保險 / 健康保险 (jiànkāng bǎoxiǎn)
* 傷害保險 / 伤害保险
* 全民保險 / 全民保险
* 全民健康保險 / 全民健康保险
* 公保 (gōngbǎo)
* 公共保險 / 公共保险
* 兵災保險 / 兵灾保险
* 勞動保險 / 劳动保险
* 包裹保險 / 包裹保险
* 失業保險 / 失业保险
* 存款保險 / 存款保险 (cúnkuǎn bǎoxiǎn)
* 定期保險 / 定期保险
* 工傷保險 / 工伤保险 (gōngshāng bǎoxiǎn)
* 強制保險 / 强制保险
* 拉保險 / 拉保险
* 損失補償性保險 / 损失补偿性保险 (sǔnshī bǔchángxìng bǎoxiǎn)
* 汽車保險 / 汽车保险
* 汽車第三責任保險 / 汽车第三责任保险
* 海上保險 / 海上保险
* 漁民保險 / 渔民保险
* 火災保險 / 火灾保险
* 生命保險 / 生命保险 (shēngmìng bǎoxiǎn)
* 產物保險 / 产物保险
* 社會保險 / 社会保险 (shèhuì bǎoxiǎn)
* 私校保險 / 私校保险
* 稻作保險 / 稻作保险
* 終身保險 / 终身保险
* 被保險人 / 被保险人 (bèibǎoxiǎnrén)
* 財產保險 / 财产保险 (cáichǎn bǎoxiǎn)
* 責任保險 / 责任保险 (zérèn bǎoxiǎn)
* 醫療保險 / 医疗保险 (yīliáo bǎoxiǎn)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 保(ほ)険(けん) (hoken)
* → Korean: 보험(保險) (boheom)
* → Vietnamese: bảo hiểm (保險)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 保 | 險 |
| ほ Grade: 5 | けん Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

保(ほ)險(けん) • (hoken)
* Kyūjitai form of 保険: insurance

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 保 | 險 |

### Noun

保險 • (boheom) (hangeul 보험)
* hanja form of 보험 (“insurance”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 保 | 險 |

### Noun

保險
* chữ Hán form of bảo hiểm (“insurance”).