# genius
## English
### Etymology

From Latin genius (“inborn nature; a tutelary deity of a person or place; wit, brilliance”), from gignō (“to beget, produce”), Old Latin genō, from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-. Doublet of genio. See also genus.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: jēniəs, jēnyəs
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒin.jəs/, /ˈd͡ʒi.ni.əs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːniəs, -iːnjəs

### Noun

genius (countable and uncountable, plural geniuses or genii)
* (countable) Someone possessing extraordinary intelligence or skill; especially somebody who has demonstrated this by a creative or original work in science, music, art etc.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:genius
    Antonym: idiot
    Coordinate term: idiot savant
** 1962 [1888, 1886], Friedrich Engels, chapter IV, in Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der klassischen deutschen Philosophie (Marx-Engels-Werke; 21), page 292; English translation from Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy (Marx/Engels Collected Works; 26), translation of original in German, 1990, page 382:Marx stood higher, saw further, and took a wider and quicker view than all the rest of us. Marx was a genius; we others were at best talented.[original: Marx stand höher, sah weiter, überblickte mehr und rascher als wir andern alle. Marx war ein Genie, wir andern höchstens Talente.]
* (uncountable) Extraordinary mental capacity.
** 1853, Whirligig, quotee, edited by William Kidd, Kidd’s Own Journal; for Inter-Communications on Natural History, Popular Science, and Things in General, volume IV, number 8, London: William Spooner, […]; Richard Groombridge and Sons, […], page 124, column 2:Excuse, therefore, the shortcomings of genius under the sudorific influence of the summer solstice; for be assured that the vertical sun, however it may dulcify and mature cherries, plums, and other fruitful ‘plumpitudes,’ is by no means favorable to the development of intellectual products.
** 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he gave no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts, […], and therefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned.
* (uncountable) Inspiration, a mental leap, an extraordinary creative process.
    a work of genius
    to add a dash of cinnamon amid such umami was pure genius
* (countable, Roman mythology, also figuratively) The tutelary deity or spirit of a place or person.
    Synonyms: tutelary deity; see also Thesaurus:spirit
    and the genius of the place: the growing enthusiasm for codified standards in the Army and Navy
** 1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “the unseen genius of the wood”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC:
** 1715, Edward Burnett Tylor, Primitive Culture:We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity.
** 1866, Frederick F. Wyman, From Calcutta to the Snowy Range, page 330:An old sinner, in shape of a khansamah, is the genius of the place, and has rarely aught else to tempt the tired traveller with than a “sudden death”—a fowl caught running in the yard, and dished up forthwith; […]

#### Usage notes

* The plural genii, although usual in mythology (sense 4), is rare and only used humorously to refer to talented or smart people (sense 1).

#### Derived terms

* bonus genius
* dumb genius
* evil genius
* geniocracy
* Geniocracy
* geniolatry
* geniosity
* genius familiae
* genius hominis
* geniuslike
* genius loci
* genius locorum
* geniusness
* malus genius
* nongenius
* scenius
* stroke of genius
* SubGenius
* supergenius
* ungenius

#### Translations
### Adjective

genius (comparative more genius, superlative most genius)
* (informal) Ingenious, brilliant, very clever, or original.
    What a genius idea!
** 2002, Oskar Bandle, Lennart Elmevik, Gun Widmark, The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the North Germanic Languages, volume 1, page 466:Bjarte Birkeland asserts that the reason why Nynorsk writers of fiction have succeeded in coming so close to naked life is not that they are more genius than authors writing in Bokmal, but that they are using their mother tongue
** 2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club‎:We all know how genius “Kamp Krusty,” “A Streetcar Named Marge,” “Homer The Heretic,” “Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie” and “Mr. Plow” are, but even the relatively unheralded episodes offer wall-to-wall laughs and some of the smartest, darkest, and weirdest gags ever Trojan-horsed into a network cartoon with a massive family audience.
** 2019, Iswarya Somasundaram, Research the Treasure, page 64:But Vahul was more genius than Rishi.
** 2022 August 2, Wanda Sutherland, “Dangers of vaping: Teen use of e-cigarettes considered epidemic”, in Elk Valley Times:She said the writing for these products “is very genius” because it's carefully done.

#### Usage notes

* Some writers put this word in quotation marks, especially in comparative or superlative expressions, indicating that they do not yet find it fully acceptable.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “genius”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “genius”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* "genius" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 143.

### Anagrams

* Seguin

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* jenius (nonstandard)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin genius (“inborn nature; a tutelary deity of a person or place; wit, brilliance”), from gignō (“to beget, produce”), Old Latin genō, from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-. Doublet of enjin, insinyur, and zeni.

### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: [ɡeˈniʊs]
* (common) IPA: [dʒeˈniʊs]
* Hyphenation: gé‧ni‧us

### Adjective

genius
* genius: ingenious, brilliant, very clever, or original.

#### Affixed terms

* kegeniusan

### Further reading

* “genius” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”), perhaps through Old Latin genō (“to beget, give birth; to produce, cause”), +‎ *-yos; compare Proto-Germanic *kunją (“kin”) and Sanskrit जन्य n (jánya, “lineage, tribe, people”), though all probably independent formations. Comparisons with Aramaic ܓܢܝܐ (ginnaya, “tutelary deity”), and with Arabic جِنِّي (jinnī, “jinn, spirit, demon”) and جَنِين (janīn, “embryo, germ”), suggest the effects of an older substrate word.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡe.ni.us/, [ˈɡɛniʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒe.ni.us/, [ˈd͡ʒɛːnius]

### Noun

genius m (genitive geniī or genī); second declension
* the deity or guardian spirit of a person, place, etc.; a daemon, a daimon (cf. Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn))
* an inborn nature or innate character, especially (though not exclusively) as endowed by a personal (especially tutelar) spirit or deity.
* (with respect to the enjoyment of life) the spirit of social enjoyment, fondness for good living, taste, appetite, inclinations
* (of the intellect) wit, talents, genius (rare)

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Quotations

* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
* Catullus[,] Tibullus and Pervigilium Veneris, 1921, page 328f. containing Albius Tibullus III, XI, 9f. = IV, V, 9f. with a translation into English by J. P. Postgate:
    magne Geni, cape tura libens votisque faveto, si modo, cum de me cogitat, ille calet.
       Great Genius, take this incense with a will, and smile upon my prayer, if only when he thinks on me his pulse beats high.

#### Descendants

* Catalan: giny, → geni
* → Dutch: genie
* → English: genius, genie
* → French: génie
** → English: genie
** → German: Genie
* → German: Genius
* → Italian: genio
* → Portuguese: génio, gênio (Brazil)
* → Romanian: geniu
* → Serbo-Croatian: genij
* → Spanish: genio

### References

* “genius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “genius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "genius", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* genius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “genius”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “genius”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
* “genius”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 260

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin genius. Doublet of geni.

### Noun

genius m (definite singular geniusen, indefinite plural genier, definite plural geniene)
* genius

### References

* “genius” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “genius” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin genius. Doublet of geni.

### Noun

genius m (definite singular geniusen, indefinite plural geniusar, definite plural geniusane)
* genius

### References

* “genius” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.