# ton
## Translingual
### Symbol

ton
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Tongan.

## English
### Etymology 1

Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʌn/
** Audio (US):(file)
** Audio (General Australian):(file)
* (Northern England, Ireland) IPA: /tʊn/
* Rhymes: -ʌn

#### Noun

ton (plural tons)
* Any of various units of mass, originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly:
** The short ton of 2000 pounds (about 907 kg), 20 hundredweights of 100 pounds avoirdupois each.
** The long ton of 2240 pounds (about 1016 kg), 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each.
** The metric ton of 1000 kilograms, 10 quintals of 100 kilograms each.
    Synonyms: tonne, metric ton, megagram
* Any of various units of volume, originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly:
** The measurement ton of (US) 40 or (UK) 42 cubic feet (about 1.1 or 1.2 m³).
** The register ton of 100 cubic feet (about 2.83 m³).
* (figuratively) Any large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:lot
    I’ve got a ton of work to do.
    I've got tons of work to do.
* (HVAC) A unit of thermal power equal to 12,000 BTU/h (about 3.5 kW), approximating the idealized rate of cooling provided by uniform isothermal melting of 1 short ton of ice per day at 0°C.
* (colloquial, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly
** 100 pounds sterling.
** (darts, snooker, etc.) 100 points.
    Synonym: tonne
** (cricket) 100 runs.
    Synonym: century
** A speed of 100 mph.
*** 1970, Mungo Jerry, “In The Summertime”, in In The Summertime:Speed along the lane / Do a ton or a ton and twenty-five
*** 2008, Damon Beesley, Iain Morris, “Caravan Club”, in The Inbetweeners, Series 1, Episode 5, E4:Neil: How fast can this thing go then, do you reckon? Simon: Well, it's the special edition, so I reckon it could probably top a ton. Neil: Bollocks!
*** 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, number 941, page 50:The HSDT team, however, had some work to do, although by the end of 1972 the power car interior had been adjusted and BR had agreed to 'double-manning' with extra pay when speeds topped the ton.

##### Derived terms

* assay ton
* available ton mile
* butt-ton
* by the ton
* cubic ton
* deadweight ton
* displacement ton
* foot-ton
* freight ton
* fuckton
* gross register ton
* hit like a ton of bricks
* hoppus ton
* like a ton of bricks
* long ton
* measurement ton
* metric ton
* net register ton
* Prussian ton
* register ton
* shipping ton
* shitton
* short ton
* thanks a ton
* ton mile
* ton-mile
* ton mileage
* ton of refrigeration
* ton of TNT
* ton-up

##### Related terms

* tonelada

##### Descendants

* → Tokelauan: tone, tane

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French ton (“manner”), from Latin tonus. Doublet of tone, tune, and tonus.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /tɔ̃/, /tɒn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

#### Noun

ton (uncountable)
* Fashion, the current style, the vogue.
** 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 191:A clergyman cannot be high in state or fashion. He must not head mobs, or set the ton in dress.
** 1857–1859, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858–1859, →OCLC:If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish.
* Fashionable society; those in style.
** 1790, Amelia Opie, chapter 13, in Dangers of Coquetry, volume I:[S]he thought herself incapable of being flattered by the attentions of a man she despised, because he was the reigning idol of the ton […] .
** 1823 December 17, [Lord Byron], Don Juan. Cantos XII.—XIII.—and XIV., London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John Hunt, […], →OCLC, canto XIII, (please specify the stanza number):The party might consist of thirty three Of highest caste—the Brahmins of the ton.
** 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 30, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC:Pen was somewhat older than many of his fellow-students, and there was that about his style and appearance, which, as we have said, was rather haughty and impertinent, that stamped him as a man of ton—very unlike those pale students who were talking law to one another, and those ferocious dandies, in rowing shirts and astonishing pins and waistcoats, who represented the idle part of the little community.

##### Derived terms

* tonish

##### Related terms

* bon ton
* haut ton

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

ton (plural tons)
* Synonym of tunny, particularly the common tunny or horse mackerel.

### See also

* pros ton kairon (etymologically unrelated)

### Anagrams

* Not., Ont, not., NTO, TNO, Not, NOT, not, Ont., ONT, on't

## Antillean Creole
### Etymology

From French thon.

### Noun

ton
* tuna

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan ton, from Vulgar Latin *tum, reduced form of Latin tuum, from Proto-Italic *towos. Compare Occitan and French ton.
In unstressed position in Vulgar Latin tuum, tuam etc. were monosyllabic and regularly became ton, ta etc. in Catalan. When stressed they were disyllabic and became teu, tua > teua etc.

#### Pronunciation

* (Balearic, Central) IPA: /tun/ (always unstressed)
* (Valencia) IPA: /ton/ (always unstressed)

#### Determiner

ton m (feminine ta, masculine plural tos, feminine plural tes)
* your (singular)

##### Usage notes

* The use of ton and the other possessive determiners is mostly archaic in the majority of dialects, with articulated possessive pronouns (e.g. el meu) mostly being used in their stead. However, mon, ton, and son are still widely used before certain nouns referring to family members and some affective nouns, such as amic, casa, and vida. Which nouns actually find use with the possessive determiners depends greatly on the locale.
The standard masculine plural form is tos, but tons can be found in some dialects.

#### See also

* teu

#### References

* “ton” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈton]

#### Verb

ton
* inflection of tondre:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Chuukese
### Noun

ton
* torch

## Crimean Tatar
### Noun

ton (accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
* fur coat

#### Derived terms

* şontuq ton: short fur

## Danish
### Etymology

From English ton, variant of tun (“cask”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʌn/
* Rhymes: -ʌn

### Noun

ton c or n (singular definite tonnet or tonnen, plural indefinite ton or tons, abbreviation t)
* tonne, metric ton (unit of weight, equivalent to 1000 kilograms)

### See also

* kilo, kilogram, kg

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch tonne, Old Dutch tunna, from Medieval Latin tunna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ton
* Rhymes: -ɔn

### Noun

ton f (plural tonnen, diminutive tonnetje n)
* barrel
* ton (1000 kilograms)
* 100,000 of some monetary unit, particularly guilders
    Dat zou zeker een ton kosten.
    Dat zou zeker een ton euro kosten.
    140.000 euro is bijna drie ton gulden
* a large amount
    Hij leende tonnen met geld. - He borrowed large amounts of money.

#### Derived terms

* karnton
* regenton
* tonnage
* waterton

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: ton
* Negerhollands: ton, tono
* Petjo: tong
* → Caribbean Javanese: thong
* → Indonesian: ton

### References

* ↑ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “ton1”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

## Finnish
### Pronoun

ton
* (colloquial) genitive singular of toi
* (colloquial) accusative singular of toi

### Anagrams

* -nto

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *tum. Doublet of tin (possessive pronoun).

### Determiner

ton (feminine ta, masculine plural tos or tes, feminine plural tes) (ORB, broad)
* your (second-personal singular possessor)

#### See also

| | | | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee | Possessee |
| | | | singular | singular | plural | plural |
| | | | m | f | m | f |
| Possessor | singular | 1st | mon | ma | mos | mes |
| Possessor | singular | 2nd | ton | ta | tos | tes |
| Possessor | singular | 3rd | son | sa | sos | ses |
| Possessor | plural | 1st | noutron | noutra | noutros | noutres |
| Possessor | plural | 2nd | voutron | voutra | voutros | voutres |
| Possessor | plural | 3rd | lor | lor | lors | lors |

### References

* ton in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* ton in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔ̃/, (before a vowel) /tɔ̃.n‿/, /tɔ.n‿/
* (Quebec) IPA: /tõ/, (before a vowel) /tõ.n‿/, /tɔ.n‿/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: thon

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French ton, tos, from Latin tuus.

#### Determiner

ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)
* (possessive) your
    Tu as pensé à prendre ton livre ?Did you remember to bring your book?
    Ton écriture est jolie.Your writing is pretty.
    J’aime beaucoup ton manteau.I really like your coat.

##### Usage notes

Ton is used before all singular nouns beginning with a vowel or a mute H, even those that are feminine. However, ta is used with singular feminine nouns beginning with an aspirated H.

##### Derived terms

* tondit

##### Related terms
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin tonus. Doublet of tonus, a later borrowing.

#### Noun

ton m (plural tons)
* tone (sound of a particular frequency)
* (music) tone (interval)
    Il y a un ton entre do et réDoh and ray are separated by one tone.
* tone (manner of speaking)
    Je n’aime pas le ton sur lequel tu me parles!I don’t like your tone! (I don’t like the way you are talking to me!)
* tone, shade (of colour)
    Différents tons de rouge.Several shades of red.

##### Derived terms

* baisser d’un ton
* de bon ton
* donner le ton
* hausser le ton

##### Descendants

* → Turkish: ton

### Further reading

* “ton”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* ont

## Friulian
### Etymology 1

From Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). Compare Italian tuono, Romansch tun, tung, Dalmatian tun, Romanian tun.

#### Noun

ton m (plural tons)
* thunder

##### Related terms

* tonâ

### Etymology 2

From Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). Compare Italian tonno.

#### Noun

ton m (plural tons)
* tuna

### Etymology 3

Ultimately borrowed from Latin tonus. Compare French ton, Italian tono.

#### Noun

ton m (plural tons)
* tone

## Fula
### Alternative forms

* (Pulaar) to

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Adverb

ton
* (Pular) there, over there
    Hammadi Sammba ko leydi Funnaange iwi. Wolarɓe Labe ɓen kadi ko ton iwi.Hammadi Samba came from a region situated in the East. The Wolarɓe of Labe also came from over there.

#### Usage notes

* Used anaphorically

### References

* Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French thon.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔ̃/

### Noun

ton
* tuna

## Hausa
### Etymology

Borrowed from English ton.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tón/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [táŋ]

### Noun

tôn m
* ton (unit of weight)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɔn]
* Rhymes: -tɔn, -ɔn, -n
* Hyphenation: ton

### Etymology 1

From Dutch ton, from Middle Dutch tonne, from Old French [Term?], from Latin tunna, tonna, itself from a Celtic word cognate to Irish tonn (“skin”).

#### Noun

ton (uncountable)
* ton:
** tonne, metric ton: a unit of weight (mass) equal to 1000 kilograms.
** register ton, a unit of a ship's capacity equal to 100 cubic feet or 2.83 m$^3$.
** long ton, weight ton: the avoirdupois or Imperial ton of 2,240 pounds (1,016.0469 kg).
** displacement ton
* (colloquial) A thousand rupiah.

##### Alternative forms

* tan (Standard Malay)

##### Related terms

* tonase

### Etymology 2

From Dutch toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

#### Noun

ton (uncountable)
* alternative form of tona (“tone”)

### Further reading

* “ton” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

ton m (genitive singular toin, nominative plural toin)
* (biology, literature, music) tone

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
ton
toin
vocative
a thoin
a thona
genitive
toin
ton
dative
ton
toin
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an ton
na toin
genitive
an toin
na dton
dative
leis an ton don ton
leis na toin :

#### Derived terms

* aonton m (“monotone”)
* aontonach (“monotonous; monotonic”, adj)
* aontonacht f (“monotonicity”)
* hipeartonach (“hypertonic”, adj)
* hipeartonacht f (“hypertonicity”)
* iltonach (“polytonal”, adj)
* tonúil (“tonal”, adj)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Jamaican Creole
### Etymology

Derived from English turn.

### Verb

ton
* to turn
** 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Luuk 23:28:Jiizas ton roun an se tu dem […]Jesus turning unto them said […]

### Further reading

* ton at majstro.com

## Japanese
### Romanization

ton
* Rōmaji transcription of とん

## Middle English
### Etymology

From Old English tān; equivalent to to +‎ -en (plural suffix).

### Noun

ton
* plural of to (“toe”)

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toːn/

### Adjective

tōn
* inflection of tōh:
** weak accusative masculine/feminine singular
** weak genitive/dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter singular
** weak nominative/accusative masculine/feminine/neuter plural

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* toun (Anglo-Norman)
* tun (Anglo-Norman)

### Etymology

From Latin tuus, tuum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tun/
* Rhymes: -on

### Determiner

ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)
* your (second-person singular possessive)

#### Descendants

* French: ton

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Unknown. Cognate of Indonesian tonton.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ton/
* Rhymes: -ton

### Verb

ton
* to see
* to look

#### Derived terms

* aminton
* amintonakĕn
* anon
* apinton
* kapinton
* kapintonan
* katon
* katonan
* kinatonakĕn
* manon
* pakatonan
* paminton
* pamintonan
* panon
* panonan
* panononan
* pinintonakĕn
* pinintonan
* tan panonan
* tan papakatonan
* tan papatonan
* tinon
* tinonakĕn
* tonan
* tumon
* umintonakĕn

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (tonton)
** → Malay: tonton
*** Indonesian: tonton

### Further reading

* "ton" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin thunnus.

### Noun

ton m (oblique plural tons, nominative singular tons, nominative plural ton)
* tuna (fish)

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “thynnus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 13: T–Ti, page 318

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos), from Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tónos, from *ten-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔn
* Syllabification: ton

### Noun

ton m inan
* (linguistics, music) tone
    Synonyms: barwa, brzmienie, zabarwienie

#### Derived terms

* atonalny
* atoniczny
* bitonalny
* intonacyjny
* tonacyjny
* atonalnie
* intonacyjnie
* tonalnie
* atonalista
* atonalistka
* atonalizm
* atonalność
* baryton
* bitonalność
* cały ton
* intonacja
* tonacja
* tonalność
* intonować
* zaintonować

### Further reading

* ton in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ton in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French thon.

#### Noun

ton m (plural toni)
* tuna

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French ton, from Latin tonus. Doublet of tun.

#### Noun

ton n (plural tonuri)
* tone

##### Related terms

* tonal

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tôːn/

### Noun

tȏn m (Cyrillic spelling то̑н)
* tone

#### Declension
## Skolt Sami
### Etymology

From Proto-Samic *tonë.

### Pronoun

ton
* you (singular)

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Sora
### Etymology

Cognate with Santali dōŋ (“a dance connected with marriage”) and Mon doŋ (“to dance while under daemonic possession; to proceed by leaps”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toŋ-/

### Verb

ton
* to dance (Inseparable verb stem, needs additional expressions, only occurs in polysynthetic verb phrases).

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈton/ [ˈt̪õn]
* Rhymes: -on
* Syllabification: ton

### Noun

ton m (uncountable)
* Clipping of tono.

### Further reading

* “ton”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English ton. First attested in 1795.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔn/
* Rhymes: -ɔn

#### Noun

ton n
* tonne, metric ton (one thousand kilograms)
    En bil väger ofta mellan ett och två tonA car often weighs between one and two tonnes [1000–2000 kilograms]

##### Derived terms

* dödviktston
* tonkilometer
* tonnage
* tontal
* tontals
* tonvis

### Etymology 2

From Latin tonus.

#### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /ˈtuːn/
* Rhymes: -uːn

#### Noun

ton c
* a tone (sound of a particular frequency)
* (music) tone (interval)
* tone (manner of speaking (or communicating more generally))
    Han sa det med en arg tonHe said it with an angry tone
    att hålla god tonto avoid personal attacks and the like(literally, “to keep good tone [idiomatic]”)
* tone, shade (of color)

##### Related terms

* grundton
* halvton
* tona
* tonal
* tonalitet
* tonarm
* tonart
* tonband
* tonbildning
* tondikt
* tondöv
* tonem
* toner
* tonfall
* tonföljd
* tongenerator
* tongivande
* tongång
* tonhuvud
* tonhöjd
* tonika
* toning
* tonkonst
* tonkonstnär
* tonkontroll
* tonlig
* tonläge
* tonlös
* tonlöshet
* tonmålning
* tonomfång
* tonskala
* tonspråk
* tonsteg
* tonstycke
* tonstyrka
* tonstöt
* tonsäker
* tonsäkerhet
* tonsätta
* tonsättare
* tonsättarinna
* tonsättning
* tonträff
* tonträffning
* tonvalstelefon
* tonvikt

### References

* ton in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ton in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* ton in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* not, ont

## Ter Sami
### Etymology

From Proto-Samic *tonë.

### Pronoun

ton
* you (singular)

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈton]

### Noun

ton
* Alternative form of toni (“flying fish”)

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ton/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French ton.

#### Noun

ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)
* tone (all senses)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from French tonne.

#### Noun

ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)
* tonne, metric ton

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from French thon.

#### Noun

ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)
* tuna
    Synonym: ton balığı

## Volapük
### Noun

ton (nominative plural tons)
* sound

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɔn/
* Rhymes: -ɔn

### Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Brythonic *tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tundā.

#### Noun

ton f (plural tonnau)
* wave, billow

##### Derived terms

* dan y don
* meicrodon
* ton Fecsicanaidd
* ton sain
* ton wres
* tonfedd
* tonffurf
* toniad
* toniant
* tonnell
* tonnog
* tonnydd
* tonyddol

### Etymology 2

Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tondā (“surface”), from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *tend- ~ *temh₁- (“to cut”).

#### Noun

ton m (plural tonnau)
* lea, unploughed land
* skin, rind, crust
    Synonyms: croen, crofen, crystyn, pil

##### Derived terms

* tondir
* marwdon (“dandruff”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Zuni
### Pronoun

ton
* Second person dual subject (medial position)
    you two
* Second person plural subject (medial position)
    you (three or more)

#### Related terms

* to'na'
* to'n'aawan