# dark
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: därk, IPA: /dɑːk/
* (General American) enPR: därk, IPA: /dɑɹk/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Homophones: doc, dock (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)k

### Etymology 1

From Middle English derk, from Old English deorc, from Proto-West Germanic *derk (“dark”), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg- (“dim, dull”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“dull, dirty”).

#### Adjective

dark (comparative darker, superlative darkest)
* Having an absolute or (more often) relative lack of light.
    Synonyms: dim, gloomy; see also Thesaurus:dark
    Antonyms: bright, light, lit
    The room was too dark for reading.
** 1830, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter I, in Paul Clifford. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 1:It was a dark and stormy night, the rain fell in torrents—except at occasional intervals, when it was checked by a violent gust of wind which swept up the streets […]
** 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:They burned the old gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.
** 2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:[Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.
** (of a source of light) Extinguished.
    Synonyms: doused, out, quenched
    Dark signals should be treated as all-way stop signs.
** Deprived of sight; blind.
    Synonyms: eyeless, sightless, unseeing
*** 1661 April 8 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 29 March 1661]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC:He was, I think, at this time quite dark, and so had been for some years.
* Transmitting, reflecting, or receiving inadequate light to render timely discernment or comprehension
    Synonyms: caliginous, darkling, dim, gloomy, lightless, sombre
    Antonyms: luminous, radiant; see also Thesaurus:shining
* (of colour) Dull or deeper in hue; not bright or light.
    Synonyms: deep; see also Thesaurus:dark colour
    Antonyms: bright, light, pale
    My sister’s hair is darker than mine.
    Her skin grew dark with a suntan.
** 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. The clear light of the bright autumn morning had no terrors for youth and health like hers.
** 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 2, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:If I close my eyes I can see Marie today as I saw her then. Round, rosy face, snub nose, dark hair piled up in a chignon.
* Ambiguously or unclearly expressed.
    Synonyms: enigmatic, esoteric, mysterious, obscure, undefined; see also Thesaurus:arcane
** c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:What's your dark meaning, mouse, of this light word?
** 1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):What may seem dark at the first, will afterward be found more plain.
** 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 2:The Ways of Heav’n are dark and intricate, Puzzled in Mazes, and perplext with Errors; Our Underſtanding traces ’em in vain, Loſt and bewilder’d in the fruitleſs Search; […]
** 1741, I[saac] Watts, The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC:It is the remark of an ingenious writer, should a barbarous Indian, who had never seen a palace or a ship, view their separate and disjointed parts, and observe the pillars, doors, windows, cornices and turrets of the one, or the prow and stern, the ribs and masts, the ropes and shrouds, the sails and tackle of the other, he would be able to form but a very lame and dark idea of either of those excellent and useful inventions.
** 1881, John Shairp, Aspects of Poetry:the dark problems of existence
* Marked by or conducted with secrecy.
    Synonyms: clandestine, hidden, secret, sinister, surreptitious; see also Thesaurus:hidden
    dark money
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:Meantime we shall express our darker purpose
** 1923, P. G. Wodehouse, chapter I, in Leave It to Psmith:“Clarence, can you lend me three thousand pounds on good security and keep it dark from Connie?”
** (gambling, of race horses) Having racing capability not widely known.
*** 1831, Benjamin Disraeli, The Young Duke — a moral tale though gay :The first favourite was never heard of, the second favourite was never seen after the distance post, all the ten-to-oners were in the rear, and a dark horse which had never been thought of, and which the careless St. James had never even observed in the list, rushed past the grand stand in sweeping triumph.
* Without moral or spiritual light; sinister, malevolent, malign.
    Synonyms: demonic, malign, sinister; see also Thesaurus:evil
    a dark villain
    a dark deed
** 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:Left him at large to his own dark designs.
* Conducive to hopelessness; depressing or bleak.
    Synonyms: dreary, hopeless, negative, pessimistic; see also Thesaurus:cheerless
    The Great Depression was a dark time.
    The film was a dark psychological thriller.
** 1856 December, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Samuel Johnson”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:A deep melancholy took possession of him, and gave a dark tinge to all his views of human nature.
** 1819 June 23 – 1820 September 13, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “(please specify the title)”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., New York, N.Y.: […] C[ornelius] S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC:There is, in every true woman's heart, a spark of heavenly fire, which beams and blazes in the dark hour of adversity.
* (of a time period) Lacking progress in science or the arts.
    Synonym: unenlightened
    The dark ages began after the collapse of the Roman Empire.
    The Greek Dark Ages began after the Bronze Age collapse.
** 1668, John Denham, The Progress of Learning:The age wherein he lived was dark, but he Could not want light who taught the world to see.
** 1837–1839, Henry Hallam, Introduction to the Literature of Europe, in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:The tenth century used to be reckoned by mediaeval historians as the darkest part of this intellectual night.
* Extremely sad, depressing, or somber, typically due to, or marked by, a tragic or undesirable event.
    Synonyms: grievous, mournful; see also Thesaurus:lamentable, Thesaurus:sad
    September 11, 2001, the day when four terrorist attacks destroyed the Twin Towers and the Pentagon, is often referred to as America’s dark day.
** 2014 April 1, “Marathon Mementos Remind of Boston's Dark Day”, in NBC News‎:
* With emphasis placed on the unpleasant and macabre aspects of life; said of a work of fiction, a work of nonfiction presented in narrative form, or a portion of either.
    The ending of this book is rather dark.
    This show is full of dark humor.
* (broadcasting, of a television station) Off the air; not transmitting.

##### Derived terms

* 0-dark-hundred
* 0-dark-thirty
* Alexander's dark band
* all cats are grey in the dark
* antidark
* bedark
* dark academia
* dark academic
* dark-activity
* dark-adapted
* dark age
* dark ages, Dark Ages
* Dark Alfs
* dark ambient
* dark and stormy
* dark art
* dark as pitch
* dark as the inside of a cow
* dark blue
* dark-blue snakeweed
* dark blue snakeweed
* dark bread
* dark brown
* dark cabaret
* dark chocolate
* dark cloud
* dark-colored
* dark comedy
* Dark Continent
* darkcore
* dark crimson underwing
* dark culture
* dark current
* dark cutter
* darkcutter
* darkcutting
* dark data
* dark earth
* dark elf
* dark empath
* dark energy
* Dark Enlightenment
* dark-eyed
* dark-eyed junco
* dark factory
* darkfall
* dark fantasy
* dark fiber, dark fibre
* darkfic
* darkfield, dark field
* dark figure
* dark fleet
* dark flight
* dark flow
* dark fluid
* darkful
* dark fungus
* dark glasses
* dark gopher frog
* dark green fritillary
* dark-haired
* dark-hearted, dark hearted
* darkhorse
* dark-horse, dark horse
* dark house
* dark humor, dark humour
* dark hydrogen
* darkie, darkey, darky
* darkish
* dark jungle glory
* dark kitchen
* dark l
* dark-lantern, dark lantern
* dark-lanthorn, dark lanthorn
* dark life
* dark light
* darkling
* darkly
* Dark MAGA
* dark magic
* darkmans
* dark market
* dark matter
* dark meat
* dark mode
* dark money
* dark moon
* dark nebula
* dark-necked tailorbird
* darknet
* dark night
* dark night of the soul
* darkon
* dark pattern
* dark pool
* dark post
* darkpsy
* dark reaction
* dark red
* dark ride
* darkroom
* dark satanic mill
* dark sector
* darkside, dark-side, dark side
* dark side of the Force
* darkskin
* dark-skinned
* dark sleeper
* dark slide
* dark social
* dark soliton
* darksome
* dark space
* dark star
* dark store
* dark territory
* dark thirty
* dark tourism
* dark tourist
* darktown
* dark trading
* dark traffic
* dark triad
* dark up
* dark vowel
* darkward
* darkwards
* darkwave, dark wave
* Dark Web, dark web
* dark-zilla
* Darth
* Darth Vader
* endark
* European dark bee
* every dark cloud has a silver lining
* Faraday dark space
* go dark
* grimdark
* Joan's as good as my lady in the dark
* look on the dark side, look on the dark side of it
* non-baryonic dark matter
* o-dark-thirty, oh-dark-thirty
* oh dark hundred
* pitch-dark, pitch dark
* see the dark side of the moon
* semidark
* stab in the dark
* take a shot in the dark
* the darkest hour is just before the dawn
* warm dark matter
* wine-dark
* zero dark thirty

##### Related terms

* darken
* darkling
* darkness

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English derk, derke, dirke, dyrke, from the adjective (see above), or possibly from an unrecorded Old English *dierce, *diercu (“dark, darkness”).

#### Noun

dark (usually uncountable, plural darks)
* A complete or (more often) partial absence of light.
    Dark surrounds us completely.
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:Here stood he in the dark, his sharp sword out.
** 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:The face which emerged was not reassuring. It was blunt and grey, the nose springing thick and flat from high on the frontal bone of the forehead, whilst his eyes were narrow slits of dark in a tight bandage of tissue. […].
** 2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:[Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.
* (uncountable) Ignorance.
    We kept him in the dark.
    The lawyer was left in the dark as to why the jury was dismissed.
** c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:Look, what you do, you do it still i' th' dark.
** a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC:Till we perceive it by our own understandings, we are as much in the dark, and as void of knowledge, as before.
* (uncountable) Nightfall.
    It was after dark before we got to playing baseball.
* A dark shade or dark passage in a painting, engraving, etc.
** 1695, C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC:The lights may serve for a repose to the darks, and the darks to the lights.

##### Synonyms

* (absence of light): darkness
* (ignorance): cluelessness, knowledgelessness, unawareness
* (nightfall): crepusculum, evenfall, mirkning; see also Thesaurus:dusk

##### Derived terms

* after dark
* all cats are gray in the dark
* alone in the dark
* at dark
* before dark
* glow-in-the-dark
* in the dark
* leap in the dark
* murder in the dark
* oh dark thirty
* shot in the dark
* whistle in the dark

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 3

From Middle English derken, from Old English deorcian, from Proto-West Germanic *derkōn.

#### Verb

dark (third-person singular simple present darks, present participle darking, simple past and past participle darked)
* (intransitive) To grow or become dark, darken.
* (intransitive) To remain in the dark, lurk, lie hidden or concealed.
** 1873, Richard Morris, Walter William Skeat, “Glossarial Index”, in Specimens of Early English‎, volumes II: From Robert of Gloucester to Gower, A.D. 1298—A.D. 1393, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 490:To dark is still used in Swaledale (Yorkshire) in the sense of to lie hid, as, 'Te rattens [rats] mun ha bin darkin whel nu [till now]; we hannot heerd tem tis last fortnith'.
* (transitive) To make dark, darken; to obscure.

### See also

* black
* shadow

### Further reading

* dark on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* k-rad

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English dark.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdark/
* Rhymes: -ark
* Hyphenation: dàrk

### Adjective

dark (invariable)
* dark (used especially to describe a form of punk music)

### References

* ↑ dark in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Tarifit
### Etymology

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic دارك (dārak).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

dark (Tifinagh spelling ⴷⴰⵔⴽ)
* (transitive) to achieve, to succeed
* (transitive) to possess, to obtain, to acquire

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* meddartc (“to reach”)
** Verbal noun: ameddartc