# 剌

| 剌 | U+524C, &#21068; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-524C |
| ← 剋 [U+524B] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 前 → [U+524D] |

## Translingual
### Han character

剌 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木中中弓 (DLLN), four-corner 5290$_0$, composition ⿰束刂)

#### Derived characters

* 𫥑、喇、𡞸、𢔯、揦、楋、溂、𤊶、𤟰、㻝、𥈙、𥚲、𥻃、䏀、蝲、𧩲、𩋷、𩤲、𩨉、鯻、𬶟
* 𥰍、䓶、鬎、𢃴、𭝥、揧、𥻌、𦖨、䱫、𪘼、𡇿、𢉨、瘌、𤀦、𩘊

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 140, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2010
* Dae Jaweon: page 318, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 339, character 6
* Unihan data for U+524C

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 剌 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 莿 | *sʰeːɡs, *raːds |
| 鵣 | *raːds |
| 辣 | *raːd |
| 辢 | *raːd |
| 剌 | *raːd |
| 揧 | *raːd |
| 瘌 | *raːd |
| 楋 | *raːd |
| 蝲 | *raːd |
Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 禾 (“cereal”) + 口 (perhaps a bag or rope in this character) + 刀 (“knife, blade”), meaning "to cut the cereal plants, to harvest" (Ji Xusheng 季旭昇); the original shape is linked to the character 𥞥.
On bronze inscriptions, the character was stylized into 柬 (“bag stuffed with herbs”) + 刀 (“knife, blade”) and the original meaning evolved.

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): là (la$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): laat$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: là
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: là
*** Wade–Giles: la$^4$
*** Yale: là
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lah
*** Palladius: ла (la)
*** Sinological IPA : /lä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: laat$^6$
*** Yale: laaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: laat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lad$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /laːt̚²/
* Middle Chinese: lat
Rime :
| Character | 剌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 曷 (63) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧達切 |
| Baxter | lat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lɑt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | là |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | laat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə.rˤat/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 剌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | là |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lat › |
| Old Chinese | /*mə.rˁat/ (~ C.rˁat ?) |
| English | wicked; spicy |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 剌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7593 |
| Phonetic component | 剌 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 剌 |
| Old Chinese | /*raːd/ |
| Notes | 金文象刀斷束使離散， 束非聲 |

##### Definitions

剌
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to contradict; to violate
    Synonym: 戾 (lì)
* (historical) one of the posthumous titles
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) chaos, turmoil
* (informal) Alternative form of 拉 (“to pass (stool)”)
* Used in compounds as onomatopoeias.
* Used in transcription.

##### Compounds

* 不剌
* 不剌剌
* 乾支剌 / 干支剌
* 仰剌叉
* 僻格剌子
* 兀剌
* 兀剌赤
* 刮剌剌
* 剌剌
* 剌剌撒撒
* 剌子
* 剌戾
* 剌謬 / 剌谬
* 古剌水
* 各剌剌
* 大剌剌 (dàlàlà)
* 寡剌
* 忽剌八
* 忽剌巴
* 打剌孫 / 打剌孙 (dǎlàsūn)
* 拔剌
* 括剌剌
* 措支剌
* 搭剌 (dāla)
* 搭剌子
* 撥剌 / 拨剌
* 撲剌剌 / 扑剌剌
* 曳剌
* 柵剌子 / 栅剌子
* 歪剌骨
* 活支剌
* 淡不剌
* 潑剌 / 泼剌
* 潑剌剌 / 泼剌剌
* 潑潑剌剌 / 泼泼剌剌
* 澀剌剌的 / 涩剌剌的
* 火剌剌
* 熱剌剌 / 热剌剌
* 生剌剌
* 疏剌剌
* 破不剌
* 禿歪剌 / 秃歪剌
* 答剌 (dāla)
* 答剌孫 / 答剌孙
* 答剌蘇 / 答剌苏
* 答剌速
* 花剌子模 (Huālàzǐmó)
* 虎剌孩
* 蠻聲哈剌 / 蛮声哈剌
* 豁剌剌
* 軟兀剌 / 软兀剌
* 醜剌剌 / 丑剌剌

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lá (la$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄚˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lá
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lá
*** Wade–Giles: la$^2$
*** Yale: lá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: la
*** Palladius: ла (la)
*** Sinological IPA : /lä³⁵/

##### Definitions

剌
* (alt. form 拉) to slash; to cut open

##### Compounds

* 剌剌塌塌
* 剌口子
* 剌心剌肝

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 剌 – see 刺 (“any pointed structure”). (This character is a variant form of 刺).

### References

* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “剌”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00356

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* opposed
* biased

#### Readings

* Go-on: らち (rachi)
* Kan-on: らつ (ratsu)
* Kun: もとる (motoru)

#### Compounds

* 溌(はつ)剌(らつ) (hatsuratsu)

## Korean
### Hanja

剌 • (ral) (hangeul 랄, revised ral, McCune–Reischauer ral)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

剌: Hán Nôm readings: lạp, lạt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.