# mille
## English
### Noun

mille (plural milles)
* (dated) Alternative spelling of mill.
** 1792 April 2, “Chapter XVI. An Act establishing a Mint, and regulating the Coins of the United States”, in Richard Peters, editor, United States Statutes at Large, volume I, Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company, pages 246–251:That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars or units, dismes or tenths, cents or hundredths, and milles or thousandths, a disme being the tenth part of a dollar, a cent the hundredth part of a dollar, a mille the thousandth part of a dollar, and that all accounts in the public offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation.

### See also

* mille-feuille
* mille graines
* per mille

## Corsican
### Etymology

From Latin mille, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂. Cognates include Italian mille and French mille.

### Numeral

mille
* a thousand

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French mille (“thousand”), from Latin mīlle.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mil/, /ˈmi.lə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: mil‧le

### Noun

mille n (uncountable)
* grand (sum of the value of 1,000 monetary units)

## Estonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmilːe/

### Pronoun

mille
* genitive singular of mis

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmilːeˣ/, [ˈmilːe̞(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -ilːe
* Hyphenation: mil‧le

### Pronoun

mille
* allative singular/plural of mikä

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French mille, from Old French mile, from Latin mīlle (“thousand”) (plural mīlia), from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mil/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -il

### Numeral

mille (invariable)
* thousand, one thousand, a thousand
    Presque mille enfants y habitent. ― Almost a thousand children live there.

### Noun

mille m (plural milles)
* mile (abbreviation mi)
* Short for mille nautique (“nautical mile”).
* bullseye

#### Derived terms

* briller de mille feux
* dans le mille
* gâteau mille crêpes
* le donner en mille
* merci mille fois
* mille anglais
* mille marin
* mille mercis
* mille nautique
* millefeuille
* millepertuis
* milles trous
* une image vaut mille mots

#### Related terms

* millénaire
* millénium
* milli-
* millième
* millier
* million

#### Descendants

* → Dutch: mille
* → Garifuna: milu (possibly)
* → German: Mille
* Louisiana Creole: mil
* → Vurës: mil

### See also

* kilo-

### Further reading

* “mille”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin mīlle, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”). Doublet of miglio.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmil.le/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ille
* Hyphenation: mìl‧le

### Numeral

mille (invariable)
* thousand, one thousand

#### Derived terms

* millefiori
* millefoglie
* millepiedi
* Milleporini
* millerighe
* millesimo

#### Related terms

* grazie mille
* milione
* millanta
* millenario
* millenne
* millennio
* millesimale
* millesimato
* milli-

### See also

* chilo-

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from earlier *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“one”) + *-ih₂ (feminine suffix) + *ǵʰés-lo- (“heap”) + *-ih₂. Compare Ancient Greek χίλιοι (khílioi), Persian هزار (hezâr), and Sanskrit सहस्र (sahásra).

#### Alternative forms

* M, ↀ (symbol)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈmiːl.le/, [ˈmiːlːʲɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈmil.le/, [ˈmilːe]

#### Numeral

mīlle (genitive mīlle); semi-indeclinable numeral
* thousand; 1000
    Mīlle hominum rīsit, or, mīlle hominēs rīsērunt or, less preferrably, mīlle hominum rīsērunt. ― A thousand people laughed.
    Duo mīlia ovium tōnsa sunt. ― Two thousand sheep have been sheared.
** c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 1.16.13:Lūcīlius autem . . .Tū mīllī nummum potes ūnō quaerere centum'mīllī passum' dīxit prō 'mīlle passibus' et 'ūnō mīllī nummum' prō 'ūnīs mīlle nummīs', apertēque ostendit 'mīlle' et vocābulum esse et singulārī numerō dīci eiusque plūrātivum esse 'mīlia' et cāsum etiam capere ablātīvumWhile Lucilius wrote . . .With a thousand sesterces you can get a hundred thousand.milli passum instead of mille passibus and uno milli nummum for unis mille nummis, thus showing clearly that mille is a noun, used in the singular number, that its plural is milia, and that it even forms an ablative case.
** 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.148:nōn mīlle, nōn duo, nec tria mīlia, sed ad ūnās ūnius agrī decumās trīticī modium trīgintā voluisse adderewas prepared to pay not a thousand, not two, not three thousand, but thirty thousand pecks of wheat above the going price for the individual tithes of one single district
** 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 42.55:Chalcide cum Attalō et quattuor mīlibus peditum, mīlle equitum ad cōnsulem vēnit.A thousand horsemen came to the consul from Chalkis, accompanied by Attalus and by four thousand foot soldiers.
** c. 117 CE, Tacitus, Annales 13.40:et tergum mīlle equitēs tuēbanturand a thousand horsemen were guarding the rear
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Iob.42.12:Dominus autem benedīxit novissimīs Iob magis quam prīncipiō eius, et facta sunt ei quattuordecim mīlia ovium, et sex mīlia camēlōrum, et mīlle iuga boum, et mīlle asinaeMoreover, God blessed Job's last days more than at the beginning, as 14000 sheep were made, and 6000 camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand female donkeys.

##### Usage notes

* The singular form can be:
** originally a neuter noun with singular agreement taking the noun in genitive plural: mīlle mīlitum vēnit;
** an indeclinable adjective with plural agreement, by analogy with other cardinal numerals: mīlle mīlitēs vēnērunt ("a thousand soldiers came");
** or even a neuter noun with plural agreement, perhaps in a partitive sense: as in mīlle mīlitum vēnērunt.
* The plural form normally behaves as a fully-declinable neuter noun of the third declension, with which the predicate agrees, as in duo mīlia mīlitum capta ("two thousand soldiers were captured");
** but not if part of a compound numeral, and not with personal reference in the absence of a genitive, in which case it's an adjective, as in duo mīlia quīngentae (mīlitēs) captae ("two thousand five hundred women (soldiers) were captured"), tria mīlia captī ("three thousand were captured").
* An ablative singular form mīllī also occurs - see usage examples.
* For additional information see Appendix:Latin cardinal numerals.

##### Declension

Semi-indeclinable numeral.

##### Derived terms

* mīlle mīlium, mīlle mīlia (Medieval Latin)
* mīlle passūs, mīlle passuum
* mīllēnārius
* mīlliārium
* mīlliārius
* mīlliō (Medieval Latin)
* sēsquimīlle

##### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: njilje
** Romanian: mie
** → Albanian: mijë
* Dalmatian:
** mel
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: mille
** Italian: mille ⇒ milione (see there for further descendants)
** Sicilian: milli, miḍḍi
* North Italian:
** Friulian: mil
** Romagnol: mèl, mĕl (Cesena), mẹll (San Marino)
** Romansch: milli
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: mile, mil
*** Middle French: mille, mil, mile
**** French: mille (see there for further descendants)
*** Norman: mille (Jersey)
* Occitano-Romance:
** Catalan: mil
** Occitan: mila, mil
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: mil
** Asturian: mil
** Galician: mil
** Mirandese: mil
** Portuguese: mil
*** → Kadiwéu: miili
*** > Papiamentu: mil (inherited)
** Old Spanish: mil, mill
*** Spanish: mil (see there for further descendants)
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: mila, milli
* Ancient borrowings:
** → Basque: mila
** → Old Irish: míle
*** Middle Irish: míle
**** Irish: míle
**** Manx: milley
**** Scottish Gaelic: mìle
** → Proto-Brythonic: *mil (see there for further descendants)
** → Proto-West Germanic: *mīliju (see there for further descendants)

##### See also

* Appendix:Latin cardinal numerals

### Etymology 2

Shortened from Latin mīlle passūs, mīlle passuum (“Roman mile”, literally “a thousand of paces”).

#### Noun

mīlle n
* a mile, particularly a Roman mile of 8 stades (stadia); 1,000 paces (passūs); or 5,000 feet (pedes)

##### Declension

Semi-indeclinable numeral.

##### Synonyms

* mīlle passūs
* mīlle passuum

##### Derived terms

* sēsquimīlle

##### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: migliu
** Italian: miglia, miglio (back-formation)
* Gallo-Romance:
** French: mille
** Norman: mille
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: miza
* Iberian-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: milha
*** Galician: milla
*** Portuguese: milha
* Borrowings:
** → Ancient Greek: μίλιον (mílion), μείλιον (meílion), μίλιν (mílin)
*** Greek: μίλι (míli)
*** → Hebrew: מַיְל (mayl)
*** → Old Armenian: մղոն (młon), միլոն (milon), մողոն (mołon)
**** → Armenian: մղոն (mġon) (learned)
** → Aramaic: [script needed] (mīlā), [script needed] (mīl)
*** Classical Syriac: ܡܝܠܐ (mīlā), ܡܝܠ (mīl)
*** → Arabic: ميل (mīl)
**** → Middle Armenian: միլ (mil)
**** → Ottoman Turkish: مِیل (mīl)
***** Turkish: mil
**** → Persian: میل (mil)
** → Old Irish: míle
*** Middle Irish: míle
**** Irish: míle
**** Manx: milley
**** Scottish Gaelic: mìle
** → Catalan: milla
** → Spanish: milla

### References

* “mille”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “mille”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* mille in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. a mile away: a mille passibus to be fined 10,000 asses: decem milibus aeris damnari
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mīlle”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379-380

## Middle English
### Noun

mille
* Alternative form of mylne

## Middle French
### Alternative forms

* mil, mile

### Etymology

From Old French mile, from Latin mīlle (“thousand”) (plural mīlia).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmi.lə/

### Numeral

mille (usually invariable, plural milles)
* thousand

#### Usage notes

* Mille is usually invariable in phrases like quatre mille (“four thousand”) but the plural milles is attested.

#### Descendants

* French: mille
** → Garifuna: milu (possibly)

### References

* mille on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French). See formes tab for examples of milles

## Norman
### Etymology 1

From Old French mile, from Latin mīlle (plural mīlia).

#### Numeral

mille
* (Jersey) thousand

##### Derived terms

* hèrbe à mille noeuds (“corn spurrey”)
* mille-pids (“millipede”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English mile.

#### Noun

mille m (plural mille)
* (Jersey) mile

## Sardinian
### Alternative forms

* milli (Campidanese)

### Etymology

From Latin mille, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂. Cognates include Italian mille and French mille.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmille/

### Numeral

mille m (plural miza)
* one thousand (1000)

## Swedish
### Numeral

mille
* (colloquial) Clipping of miljon.

### Noun

mille c
* (colloquial) an amount of money corresponding to one million (of a given currency)
    Synonyms: miljon, kanin

#### Declension
### References

* mille in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* mille in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Tarantino
### Etymology

From Latin mille, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂. Cognates include Italian mille and French mille.

### Numeral

mille
* thousand