# 肩

| 肩 | U+80A9, &#32937; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80A9 |
| ← 肨 [U+80A8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 肪 → [U+80AA] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 肩 |
| Simplified | 肩 |
| Traditional | 肩 |

### Alternative forms

The form differs between traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and Japanese shinjitai, as depicted at right. These are represented by the same Unicode code point; see Han unification.
* Traditional Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 月 + 戶; the body's gate.
* Simplified Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 月 + 户.
* Japanese: Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 月 + 戸.

### Han character

肩 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸月 (HSB) or 戈尸月 (ISB), four-corner 3022$_7$, composition ⿸戶月 or ⿸户月 or ⿸戸月)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 975, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29299
* Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2052, character 8
* Unihan data for U+80A9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 肩 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Small seal scriptFile:ACC-s03005.svgs03005File:ACC-s03006.svgs03006Transcribed ancient scriptsFile:ACC-L31946.svgL31946File:ACC-L31947.svgL31947File:ACC-L06839.svgL06839File:ACC-L06840.svgL06840L06841 ||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||
| | Old Chinese |
| 顅 | *kʰreːn |
| 掮 | *ɡren* |
| 肩 | *keːn |
| 猏 | *keːn |
| 菺 | *keːn |
| 鵳 | *keːn |
Pictogram (象形). The component 戶 (representing the shape of a shoulder) is combined with 月 (the radical of 肉, meaning "flesh" or "meat") to convey the meaning of "shoulder."

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Etymology

Cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *k-xiːn¹ (“arm”), Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”) (whence Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn, “arm”)) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w/y)an (“shoulder”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiān (jian$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jian$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gin$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gan$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jien$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiên
    (Hailu, HRS): gien$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gin$^1$ / giên$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jie$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): giĕng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ge$^1$ / giⁿ$^1$ / geng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): keng / kaiⁿ / kuiⁿ / kan / kian
    (Teochew, Peng'im): goin$^1$ / gain$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ci
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jian
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$
*** Yale: jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jian$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gin$^1$
*** Yale: gīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kan³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jien$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɛn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
*** Hakka Romanization System: gien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gien$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kien⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gin$^1$ / giên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin⁴⁴/, /kiɛn⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /kieŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ge$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̤ⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /ke⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: giⁿ$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kĩ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: geng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛŋ⁵³³/
* ge1/giⁿ1 - vernacular;
* geng1 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: ken
Rime :
| Character | 肩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 古賢切 |
| Baxter | ken |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ken/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ken/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /ken/ |
| Wang Li | /kien/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gin$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤe[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*keːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 肩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ken › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁe[n]/ |
| English | shoulder (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 肩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6023 |
| Phonetic component | 肩 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 堅 |
| Old Chinese | /*keːn/ |

### Definitions

肩
* shoulder
    From: 1940, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《新民主主義論》 (On New Democracy), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
    Lìshǐ yǐjīng zhèngmíng: Zhōngguó zīchǎnjiējí shì bùnéng jìn cǐ zérèn de, zhège zérèn jiù bùdébù luòzài wúchǎnjiējí de jiān shàng le. [Pinyin]
    History has proved that the Chinese bourgeoisie cannot fulfil this responsibility, which inevitably falls upon the shoulders of the proletariat.
    From: Xi Jinping
    káng liǎng bǎi jīn màizi zǒu shí lǐ shānlù bù huàn jiān [Pinyin]
    Shoulder 100 kg of wheat and walk 5 km of mountain trail without swapping shoulder.
* to shoulder; to undertake; to take on
* to bear

#### Synonyms

* (shoulders):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 肩 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 肩, 肩膀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 肩膀兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 肩膀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 肩膀兒, 肩頭兒, 肩頭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 肩膀 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 膀子, 肩膀子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 肩膀兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 肩膀, 肩 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 膀子, 肩膀子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 肩膀, 肩膀頭兒, 肩忙頭兒, 膀臂頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 胛骨, 肩巴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 胛骨, 胛骨頭兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 肩膀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 肩膀頭兒, 肩膀子, 肩膀 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 胛子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 胛子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 肩膀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 肩膀, 膀膀兒, 膀膀, 膀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 肩膀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 肩膀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 肩膀 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 肩膀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 肩膀, 肩膀頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 肩膀, 肩膀拐子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 肩膀 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 肩膀, 肩膀子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 間頭膊 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 肩膊 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 膊頭, 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 膊肩 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 肩頭 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 膊頭 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 膊頭 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 肩膀 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 肩頭 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 肩膊 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 肩胛 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 肩胛 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 膊頭 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Changting | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 肩 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 肩膀 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 肩頭 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 肩頭 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 肩頭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 肩膀, 膀子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 肩膀, 膀子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 肩膀頭 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 肩膀 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 肩膀 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 肩脊頭 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 肩膀 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 肩膀頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 肩頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 肩頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 肩頭 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 肩頭 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 肩頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 肩頭 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 肩頭 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 肩膀頭 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 肩膀頭 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 肩膀頭 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 肩頭, 肩胛頭 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 肩頭, 肩胛頭 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 肩頭, 肩胛頭 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 肩脊頭 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 肩脊頭 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 肩胛頭 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 肩胛頭 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 肩胛 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 肩胛頭 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 肩胛頭 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 肩胛頭 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 肩胛頭 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 膊頭 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 肩頭, 肩胛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 肩 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 肩, 肩頭 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 肩頭, 胛頭, 胛 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 肩頭, 肩, 胛頭, 胛 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 肩頭, 肩胛頭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 肩胛頭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 肩頭 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 肩胛頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 肩頭, 肩胛頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 肩頭, 肩胛頭 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 肩頭, 肩胛頭 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 肩膀, 肩 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 肩頭 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 膊頭 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 肩膀, 膊頭 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 肩膀 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 肩胛, 肩膀 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 肩家, 肩茄 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 肩架 |
| Wu | Danyang | 肩頭 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 肩膀 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 肩胛頭, 肩胛 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 肩胛頭 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 肩頭, 肩圪末頭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 肩膀, 肩胛 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 肩胛 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 肩膊, 肩胛 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 肩膀 |
* (to bear):
* 充任 (chōngrèn)
* 充作 (chōngzuò) (of an unqualified person or thing)
* 充當 / 充当 (chōngdāng)
* 坐投 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 坐擔 / 坐担 (Hokkien)
* 坐斗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 承受 (chéngshòu)
* 承擔 / 承担 (chéngdān)
* 承當 / 承当 (chéngdāng)
* 接載 / 接载 (Hokkien)
* 擔 / 担
* 擔任 / 担任 (dānrèn)
* 擔承 / 担承 (dānchéng)
* 擔當 / 担当 (dāndāng)
* 擔負 / 担负 (dānfù)
* 擔責承 / 担责承 (Hokkien)
* 擔領 / 担领 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 稟受 / 禀受 (bǐngshòu) (literary)
* 肩負 / 肩负 (jiānfù)
* 負擔 / 负担 (fùdān)
* 負荷 / 负荷 (fùhè)
* 食坐 (Hokkien)
* 食擔 / 食担 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

### Compounds

* 一肩兒 / 一肩儿
* 一肩挑
* 下一肩
* 並肩 / 并肩 (bìngjiān)
* 並肩作戰 / 并肩作战 (bìngjiānzuòzhàn)
* 並肩前進 / 并肩前进
* 並肩而行 / 并肩而行
* 乘肩
* 五十肩 (wǔshíjiān)
* 亞肩疊背 / 亚肩叠背
* 仔肩 (zījiān)
* 併肩子 / 并肩子
* 入肩
* 冷肩膀
* 切肩
* 削肩 (xuējiān)
* 勾肩搭背
* 卸肩
* 坎肩 (kǎnjiān)
* 墊肩 / 垫肩 (diànjiān)
* 壓肩疊背 / 压肩叠背
* 嫩肩膀
* 差肩
* 庾肩吾
* 彘肩
* 息肩
* 憑肩 / 凭肩
* 扛肩兒的 / 扛肩儿的
* 披肩 (pījiān)
* 抬肩
* 拱肩縮背 / 拱肩缩背
* 挨肩 (āijiān)
* 挨肩兒 / 挨肩儿 (āijiānr)
* 挨肩搭背
* 挨肩擦背
* 挨肩擦膀
* 挨肩擦臉 / 挨肩擦脸
* 挨肩疊背 / 挨肩叠背
* 掇肩
* 捱肩擦背
* 接踵摩肩 (mójiānjiēzhǒng)
* 接踵比肩 (jiēzhǒngbǐjiān)
* 摩肩如雲 / 摩肩如云
* 摩肩接踵 (mójiānjiēzhǒng)
* 摩肩擊轂 / 摩肩击毂
* 摩肩擦踵
* 擔肩 / 担肩
* 擊轂摩肩 / 击毂摩肩
* 擦肩
* 擦肩而過 / 擦肩而过 (cājiān'érguò)
* 擦肩膀
* 望其肩背
* 望其肩項 / 望其肩项
* 歙肩
* 比肩 (bǐjiān)
* 比肩人
* 比肩皆是
* 比肩繼踵 / 比肩继踵 (bǐjiānjìzhǒng)
* 比肩而事
* 比肩而立 (bǐjiān'érlì)
* 比肩隨踵 / 比肩随踵 (bǐjiānsuízhǒng)
* 溜肩膀 (liūjiānbǎng)
* 聳肩 / 耸肩 (sǒngjiān)
* 聯肩疊背 / 联肩叠背
* 肩上肩下
* 肩帶 / 肩带
* 肩挑背負 / 肩挑背负
* 肩摩
* 肩摩踵接
* 肩摩轂擊 / 肩摩毂击
* 肩擔之家 / 肩担之家 (jiāndànzhījiā)
* 肩相比
* 肩窩 / 肩窝 (jiānwō)
* 肩胛 (jiānjiǎ)
* 肩背相望
* 肩胛骨 (jiānjiǎgǔ)
* 肩膀 (jiānbǎng)
* 肩膀不齊 / 肩膀不齐
* 肩膀兒寬 / 肩膀儿宽
* 肩膀窄
* 肩袖 (jiānxiù)
* 肩負 / 肩负 (jiānfù)
* 肩輿 / 肩舆
* 肩隨 / 肩随
* 肩章 (jiānzhāng)
* 肩須拍 / 肩须拍
* 肩頭 / 肩头 (jiāntóu)
* 脅肩 / 胁肩
* 脅肩累足 / 胁肩累足
* 脅肩諂笑 / 胁肩谄笑
* 脫肩 / 脱肩
* 角肩椿象
* 路肩 (lùjiān)
* 踏肩
* 轂擊肩摩 / 毂击肩摩
* 過肩摔 / 过肩摔
* 雲肩 / 云肩
* 駢肩 / 骈肩
* 駢肩累足 / 骈肩累足
* 駢肩累跡 / 骈肩累迹
* 駢肩累踵 / 骈肩累踵
* 駢肩雜遝 / 骈肩杂遝

### References

* “肩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 肩 |
| Kyūjitai | 肩󠄁 肩+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 肩󠄃 肩+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* shoulder

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
* Kun: かた (kata, 肩, Jōyō)

### Pronunciation

* Kanji in this term
* 肩
* かた Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* (Tokyo) かた [káꜜtà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠ta̠]

### Noun

肩(かた) • (kata)
* a shoulder
** 2013 April 7 [2012 December 9], ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “３(さん)撃(げき)目(め)　災(さい)害(がい)存(そん)在(ざい) [3rd Hit: Existential Crisis]”, in [ONEPUNCH-MAN](【ワンパンマン】) [One-Punch Man], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 53:
    肩(かた)！肩(かた)に　肩(かた)に乗(の)ってる奴(やつ)を殺(ころ)せ‼
       Kata! Kata ni Kata ni notteru yatsu o korose‼
       Shoulder! Your shoulder! Kill the bastard on your shoulder!!

### References

* ↑ “肩”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 肩 (MC ken). Recorded as Middle Korean 견 (kyen) (Yale: kyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 肩 (eumhun 어깨 견 (eokkae gyeon))
* hanja form of 견 (“shoulder”)

#### Compounds

* 견골 (肩骨, gyeon'gol)
* 견장 (肩章, gyeonjang)
* 비견 (比肩, bigyeon)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.