# سنة
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *šanat-, compare Hebrew שָׁנָה.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.nah/

#### Noun

سَنَة • (sana) f (plural سَنَوَات (sanawāt) or سِنُون (sinūn) or سِنِين (sinīn))
* year
    Synonyms: عَام (ʕām), حَوْل (ḥawl)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 29:14:وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًاwalaqad ʔarsalnā nūḥan ʔilā qawmihi falabiṯa fīhim ʔalfa sanatin ʔillā ḵamsīna ʕāmanAnd verily we sent Noah (as Our messenger) unto his folk, and he continued with them for a thousand years save fifty years

##### Usage notes

According to Ibn Manzur, some speakers decline the nūn in سِنين, treating it as an irregular plural. Accordingly, the yā' does not change to wāw whence using this form.

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: سنة (sána)
* Gulf Arabic: سِنَة (sɪnə)
* North Levantine Arabic: سنه (sini)
* Maltese: sena
* → Afar: sanát
* → Azerbaijani: sənə
* → Bengali: সন (śon)
* → Harsusi: senet
* → Hindi: सन् (san)
* → Mehri: سنيت (senēt)
* → Soqotri: sanah
* → Tigre: ሰነት (sänät)
* → Ottoman Turkish: سنه
** Turkish: sene
* → Uzbek: sana

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic *šinat- (“sleep”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒋗𒌓𒌈 (šuttum, “dream”), Hebrew שֵׁנָה (šēnā, “sleep, slumber”), Mehri شنيت (“sleep, slumber”) and Ugaritic 𐎌𐎐𐎚 (šnt).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /si.na/

#### Noun

سِنَة • (sina) f
* drowsiness
    Synonym: نُعَاس (nuʕās)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:255:اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ ۚ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ ۚ لَّهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ مَن ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ ۚ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ ۚ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ۖ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُAllah—there is no god except Him, the Living One, the All-sustainer. Neither drowsiness befalls Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that may intercede with Him except with His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they do not comprehend anything of His knowledge except what He wills. His seat embraces the heavens and the earth and He is not wearied by their preservation. And He is the All-exalted, the All-supreme.
* slumber; nap
    Synonym: قَيْلُولَة (qaylūla)

##### See also

* نَوْم (nawm, “sleep”)
* سُبَات (subāt, “hibernation”)

### Etymology 3

Compare سَنَّ (sanna, “to establish (a law, custom, etc.)”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sun.na/

#### Noun

سُنَّة • (sunna) f (plural سُنَن (sunan))
* (countable) a usual, recurrent, continual, determinable, or constant thing
** (countable) a common, habitual, popularized, or enforced practice; a custom, convention, or ritual; a social norm or standard
    Synonyms: عُرْف (ʕurf), عَادَة (ʕāda), تَقْلِيد (taqlīd)
*** a. 1002, Ibn Jinnī, الخصائص:وهذا عادة للعرب مألوفة وسنة مسلوكة: إذا أعطوا شيئًا من شيء حكمًا ما قابلوا ذلك بأن يعطوا المأخوذ منه حكمًا من أحكام صاحبه عمارة لبينهما وتتميمًا للشبه الجامع لهما. وعليه باب ما لا ينصرف ألا تراهم لما شبهوا الاسم بالفعل فلم يصرفوه؛ كذلك شبهوا الفعل بالاسم فأعربوهThis is a familiar Arab custom and a recurrent practice. For when they judged a part of some thing to be such-and-such, they also qualified the thing itself from which a part has been taken as having some attribute of the part so as to balance the whole and the part and to formulate their commonly shared similarities. And on this, nunation (or the lack thereof) was modeled. Do you not see how they sometimes likened the noun to the verb and thus did not nunate it and other times likened the verb to the noun and thus suffixed it in the manner of nouns?
** (uncountable) the conduct, habits, behavior, or mannerisms of a person (viewed collectively)
** (countable) a determinate or predetermined universal law (either normative or historical)
    سُنَنُ الْكَوْنِ وَٱلتَّارِيخِsunanu al-kawni wat-tārīḵithe [determinative] laws of history and the universe
*** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, section 33:لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ وَالْمُرْجِفُونَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ لَنُغْرِيَنَّكَ بِهِمْ ثُمَّ لا يُجَاوِرُونَكَ فِيهَا إِلاَّ قَلِيلا / مَلْعُونِينَ أَيْنَمَا ثُقِفُوا أُخِذُوا وَقُتِّلُوا تَقْتِيلا / سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلُ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ تَبْدِيلاIf the dissimulators, those whose hearts are diseased, and the [demoralizing] scaremongers in Medina do not stop, We shall [first] incite you against them, and then they shall never neighbor you in it but [very] rarely. / Cursed [are they] wherever they are espied—they shall be captured and slaughtered! / [Such was] the Law of Allah for those who perished in the past, and you shall never find any alteration in the Law of Allah.
* (uncountable, Islam) the body of narratives attributed to Islamic religious figures (viewed collectively)
* (countable, Islam) a religiously canonized tradition or practice
    Antonyms: بِدْعَة (bidʕa, “an uncanonical or heterodox innovation; a heterodoxy; an newly introduced deviation or degeneration”), زَنْدَقَة (zandaqa, “a heresy”)
** (uncountable, Islam, see usage notes) the set of canonical traditions whence orthodoxy and orthopraxy are derived (viewed collectively)
    Hypernym: شَرِيعَة (šarīʕa, “the set of religious ordinances”)
** (uncountable, Islam, approving, see usage notes) adherence to the religious traditions, traditionalism; orthodoxy and orthopraxy
    Antonyms: بِدْعَة (bidʕa, “heterodoxy; heteropraxy”), زَنْدَقَة (zandaqa, “misbelief, heresy”)
** (countable, Islam) a traditional religious practice for which there is a divine reward but for whose omission there is no punishment, a commendable supererogatory act often done as an expression of faith, a religious work of supererogation
    Coordinate term: فَرْض (farḍ)
* (Islam, see usage notes) the Sunni sect or the adherents thereof (viewed collectively); Sunnism
    مَا أَبْرَزُ الِاخْتِلَافَاتِ الْفِقْهِيَّةِ بَيْنَ السُّنَّةِ وَالشِّيعَة؟What are the major jurisprudential differences between Sunnites and Shiites?
* (countable, obsolete) an image, a form, an appearance, a look
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 7, Art. 54, pages 403–404:أما العليق فمعروف وأما الورد الجبلي وورد الكلب وهو المعروف عند أهل الطب بالنسرين قال أبو حنيفة الورد الجبلي يشبه الورد ويشبه ذلك بعض سنة العليق وثمره شبيه العنب الدليك وهو أحمر يشبه البسر إلا أن طرفه محدود وفي داخله شبه الصوف ونواره نوار الورد أبيض يشوبه حمرةIn what concerns the bramble, it is well known, and in what concerns the mountain-rose and the dog-rose, it is well-known among the physicians as nisrīn; Abū Ḥanīfa said the mountain-rose resembles the rose, and this resembles a bit the image of the bramble, and the fruit is similar to the dust-vine; it is red and resembles the unripe date, except that its tip is pointed, and in its inner there is a kind of wool, and its blossom is that of a white rose with an admixture of red.

##### Usage notes

* In the sense of “religious traditions”, the term is almost always approving, as it also implies adherence to the said traditions, hence orthodoxy in general. As such, it has come to be a common self-designation for diverse groups, and so it is never used to refer to ideological and sectarian rivals in polemics.
* In the sense of “Sunnism”, the term is also usually an approving denomination, though it is also used neutrally to single out those sects that employ other terms as their self-designations, such as شِيعَة (šīʕa). Compare the meanings of catholic and orthodox in English, the latter of which is found in the names of several Christian denominations and churches.
* While سُنَّة (sunna) is used to signify both “normative teachings recorded in hadiths” and “recommended practices”, this does not mean that hadiths are never interpreted as commandments and hard obligations. In fact, this is very often the case. In the same way, the fact that سُنَّة (sunna) also refers to the “Sunni sect” does not mean that other sects with different names do not have “a Sunnah” (that is, a religious canon).

##### Derived terms

* السُّنَّة (as-sunna, “the Sunna”)
* أَهْل السُّنَّة (ʔahl as-sunna, “Sunni Islam, the Sunni”)
* سُنِّيّ (sunniyy, “Sunni”)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: sünnət
* → Ottoman Turkish: سنت (sünnet)
** Turkish: sünnet
* → Persian: سنت (sonnat)
* → Uzbek: sunnat

##### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “سن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Egyptian Arabic
### Alternative forms

* سنه (alternative spelling)

### Etymology 1

From Arabic سَنَة (sana).

#### Noun

سنة • (sana) f (plural سنين (sinīn))
* year

##### Derived terms

* سنوي (sanawi, “yearly”)
* السنادي (is-sanādi, “this year”)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adverb

سنّة • (sinna)
* a bit, a little
    ارفعه فوق سنّة ― irfaʕu fōʔ sinna ― Raise it up a little

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَنَة (sana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.na/

### Noun

سنة • (sana) f (plural سنين (sinīn) or سنوات (sanawāt))
* year

#### See also

* سنة (sana)
* شهر (šahar)
* أسبوع (ʔusbūʕ)
* يوم (yōm)
* ساعة (sāʕa)
* دقيقة (dagīga)
* لحظة (laḥẓa)
* ثانية (ṯānya)

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic سَنة (sana).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.na/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

سنة • (sana) f (dual سنتين (santayn), plural سنين (snīn) or سنوات (sanawāt))
* year
    Synonym: عام (ʕām)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic سِنّ (sinn).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /san.na/

#### Noun

سنة • (sanna) f (plural سنان (snān), diminutive سنينة (snīna))
* tooth

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَنَة (sana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sa.ne/, [ˈsa.ne]
* IPA: /sa.na/, [ˈsa.na]
* Audio (Amman):(file)

### Noun

سنة • (sane) f (plural سنين (snīn) or سنوات (sanawāt))
* year

#### See also

* سنة (sane)
* شهر (šahr)
* أسبوع (ʔusbūʕ)
* يوم (yōm)
* ساعة (sāʕa)
* دقيقة (daʔīʔa)
* لحظة (laḥẓa)
* ثانية (ṯānye)