# 漢

| 漢 | U+6F22, &#28450; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F22 |
| ← 漡 [U+6F21] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 漣 → [U+6F23] |
| 漢 | U+FA47, &#64071; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA47 |
| ← 渚 [U+FA46] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 煮 → [U+FA48] |
| 漢 | U+FA9A, &#64154; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA9A |
| ← 滋 [U+FA99] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 瀞 → [U+FA9B] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 漢 |
| Simplified | 汉 |
| Japanese | 漢 |
| Korean | 漢 |

### Alternative forms

* In Traditional Chinese, Japanese kyūjitai, Korean hanja, the component 𦰩 for this character is written with 廿 on top. Note that the bottom portion is written 口 overlapped by 夫 and not 中 on top of 天.
* In Vietnamese Hán Nôm, 𦰩 can be written with 廿, 龷, or 艹 on top. But the most common variant of 𦰩 is with 龷 written on top.
* In Japanese shinjitai, the component 𦰩 is written with 艹 on top and has one stroke less. Due to Han unification, both traditional Chinese and Japanese shinjitai forms are encoded under the same code point. The appearance of this character will differ depending on the font used.
* In Simplified Chinese, the component 𦰩 is simplified to 又 instead, giving the character 汉 (U+6C49).
* Two compatibility ideographs exist for this character. U+FA47 corresponds to the kyūjitai form of this character while U+FA9A corresponds to the alternative form used in North Korea which is similar to Japanese shinjitai.

### Han character

漢 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+11 in Chinese and Korean, 水+10 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 水廿中人 (ETLO), four-corner 3413$_4$ or 3418$_5$, composition ⿰氵⿱廿⿻口夫(GHTKV or U+FA47) or ⿰氵𦰩(J or U+FA9A))

#### Derived characters

* 𪝳, 𡁚, 𨮟

#### Related characters

* 汉 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 646, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18068
* Dae Jaweon: page 1055, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1713, character 9
* Unihan data for U+6F22
* Unihan data for U+FA47
* Unihan data for U+FA9A

## Chinese

* 漢 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 漢 (Cantonese)
* 漢 (Classical)
* 漢 (Gan)
* Hàn (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 漢 :
| Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 儺 | *naːl |
| 臡 | *naːl, *neːl, *njeːl |
| 嘆 | *n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns |
| 灘 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns |
| 擹 | *n̥ʰaːn |
| 攤 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns |
| 癱 | *n̥ʰaːn |
| 歎 | *n̥ʰaːns |
| 難 | *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns |
| 暵 | *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns |
| 熯 | *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ |
| 漢 | *hnaːns |
| 戁 | *rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hnaːns): semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 暵 (OC *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns) or 熯 (or 難 according to Xu Shen) – name of a river in China (漢水 or 漢江). Xu Shen links the third contracted phonetic component to the ancient variant 灘. The component to the left as a result of a contraction appears as a variant of 堇, which is the pictogram of a man burned alive as a sacrifice. It is partly unclear whether or not the phonetic component also suggests a morphological feature of the Han river (e.g., a dry river or a river that flows with difficulty) or simply indicates part of the pronunciation; Xu Shen puts no explanation.
A second ancient variant of the character reported by Xu Shen is 㵄 (perhaps analyzable as 淢 and 大).
The usage for the Chinese ethnicity first appeared during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, claiming the Han dynasty as one of the golden ages of Chinese history. Before the Han dynasty, the Chinese referred their land as 華夏 ("Huaxia"), and themselves as 諸華 ("various Hua people") or 諸夏 ("various people/descendants of the Xias"). "Xia" ("Summer; great, splendid") also gave the name to the first semi-legendary Chinese dinasty, the Xia Dinasty (夏朝).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hàn (han$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хан (han, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hon$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hon$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hon
    (Hailu, HRS): hon$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hon$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): han$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): háng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hang$^3$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$hoe / $^5$haen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
*** Wade–Giles: han$^4$
*** Yale: hàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хан (han, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /xæ̃⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hon$^3$
*** Yale: hon
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hon$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːn³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hᵘɔn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hon
*** Hakka Romanization System: hon
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hon⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hon$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /hon¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hɔn⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: han$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xæ̃⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: háng
*** Sinological IPA : /hɑŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hang$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ha̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàn
*** Tâi-lô: hàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haxn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /han²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /han⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /han²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /han¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hàng
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$hoe
*** MiniDict: hoe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$hoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hø³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /hø⁵²³/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$haen
*** MiniDict: haen$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /hẽ̞⁴⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit漢 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xan⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xan⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xan⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xã²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xan³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xã⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xan¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xɛ̃n¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xan²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xan³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xan¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xan²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xã̠²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xæ̃⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xæ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xæ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /hø³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /hø⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /hẽ̞⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕy⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xɛ³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xuːə¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xan⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /xan⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /hɵn²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hon⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hon⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɔn³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hɔn³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hɔn³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /han²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɑŋ²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xuiŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /haŋ²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /haŋ³⁵/ /haŋ³³/ 俗 |
* Middle Chinese: xanH
Rime :
| Character | 漢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 呼旰切 |
| Baxter | xanH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /han$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hon$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hnaːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 漢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xan$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*n̥ˁar-s/ (W dialect: *n̥- > MC x-, *-r > *-n) |
| English | (river name) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 漢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4905 |
| Phonetic component | 暵 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 漢 |
| Old Chinese | /*hnaːns/ |

### Definitions

漢
* (～水, ～江) Han River, a tributary of the Yangtze
    漢口／汉口 ― Hànkǒu ― Hankou (literally, “mouth of the Han”)
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Jué Rǔ Hàn, pái Huái Sì, ér zhù zhī Jiāng. [Pinyin]
    He opened a vent also for the Ru and Han, and regulated the course of the Huai and Si, so that they all flowed into the Jiang.
* (literary) the Milky Way
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wéi tiān yǒu hàn, jiān yì yǒu guāng. [Pinyin]
    There is the milky way in heaven, which looks down on us in light.
* (～朝) Han Dynasty
    From: 421, Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記 (The Peach Blossom Spring)
    Wèn jīn shì hé shì, nǎi bùzhī yǒu Hàn, wúlùn Wèi Jìn. [Pinyin]
    When asking about the name of the current dynasty, it became apparent that they did not know about the Han Dynasty, much less the Wei or Jin Dynasties.
* Han ethnicity; Han Chinese
    From: Feb 1912, 清室退位詔書 (Imperial Edict of the Abdication of the Qing Emperor)
    Zǒng qī rénmín āndǔ, hǎiyǔ yì'ān, réng hé Mǎn, Hàn, Méng, Huí, Zàng wǔ zú wánquán lǐngtǔ wéi yī dà Zhōnghuá Mínguó. [Pinyin]
    [S]uch that peace may be assured and restored to the people and country, all while retaining the complete territorial integrity of the lands of the five races—Manchu, Han, Mongol, Hui, and Tibetan—which shall combine to form a great Republic of China.
* man; guy; bloke
    好漢／好汉 ― hǎohàn ― brave man; true man
    From: c. 659 CE, Li Yanshou, History of the Northern Dynasties
    Shào jiù bǐ Cuī Xiān wú xuéshù, yánlùn zhī jì, suì yún Xiān wú suǒ zhījiě. Xuānwǔ hái yǐ Shào yán gào Xiān, bìng dào “cǐ hàn bùkě qīnjìn.” Xiān pō xián zhī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* husband
* (～江) Han River, the fourth-longest river on the Korean peninsula
* Short for 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ, “Chinese language”).
* a surname
    漢寶德／汉宝德 ― Hàn Bǎodé ― Han Pao-teh (Taiwanese architect)

#### See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Warring States period 戰國 / 战国 |
| Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 |
| Xin 新 (～朝) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉 ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉 ||
| Wu 吳 / 吴 ||
| Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 |
| Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋 ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Western Wei 西魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Zhou 北周 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代) |
| Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (～朝, ～代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | Northern Song 北宋 |
| Southern Song 南宋 ||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (～朝, ～代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (～朝, ～代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (～朝, ～代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |

### Compounds

* 一個好漢三個幫 / 一个好汉三个帮
* 一錢漢 / 一钱汉
* 上古漢語 / 上古汉语 (shànggǔ hànyǔ)
* 丈夫漢 / 丈夫汉
* 不了漢 / 不了汉
* 不知有漢，何論魏晉 / 不知有汉，何论魏晋 (bùzhī yǒu Hàn, hé lùn Wèi Jìn)
* 不知有漢，無論魏晉 / 不知有汉，无论魏晋
* 中古漢語 / 中古汉语 (zhōnggǔ hànyǔ)
* 中漢 / 中汉 (Zhōnghàn)
* 二漢 / 二汉
* 五百羅漢 / 五百罗汉
* 京漢鐵路 / 京汉铁路
* 偷漢 / 偷汉 (tōuhàn)
* 偷漢子 / 偷汉子 (tōu hànzi)
* 傻漢 / 傻汉
* 先漢 / 先汉 (Xiānhàn)
* 光身漢 / 光身汉
* 兩漢 / 两汉 (Liǎng-Hàn)
* 八百羅漢 / 八百罗汉
* 前漢 / 前汉 (Qiánhàn)
* 劇漢 / 剧汉
* 北漢 / 北汉 (Běihàn)
* 十八羅漢 / 十八罗汉 (Shíbā Luóhàn)
* 十六羅漢 / 十六罗汉
* 半截漢子 / 半截汉子
* 半漢 / 半汉
* 南漢 / 南汉 (Nánhàn)
* 古代漢語 / 古代汉语 (gǔdài hànyǔ)
* 史漢 / 史汉
* 呆漢 / 呆汉
* 呆老漢 / 呆老汉
* 周漢 / 周汉
* 單身漢 / 单身汉 (dānshēnhàn)
* 壯漢 / 壮汉 (zhuànghàn)
* 大漢 / 大汉
* 大肚漢 / 大肚汉
* 天漢 / 天汉 (Tiānhàn)
* 夯漢 / 夯汉 (hānghàn)
* 好漢 / 好汉 (hǎohàn)
* 好漢不吃眼前虧 / 好汉不吃眼前亏 (hǎohàn bù chī yǎnqián kuī)
* 好漢做事好漢當 / 好汉做事好汉当
* 好漢架不住三泡稀 / 好汉架不住三泡稀 (hǎohàn jiàbùzhù sān pāo xī)
* 姬漢 / 姬汉
* 季漢 / 季汉
* 宸漢 / 宸汉
* 富漢 / 富汉
* 寥漢 / 寥汉
* 寡漢 / 寡汉
* 寧漢分裂 / 宁汉分裂
* 層漢 / 层汉
* 山漢 / 山汉
* 岷漢 / 岷汉
* 峭漢 / 峭汉
* 川漢鐵路 / 川汉铁路
* 巴漢 / 巴汉
* 平漢鐵路 / 平汉铁路
* 廣東漢劇 / 广东汉剧 (Guǎngdōng hànjù)
* 廣漢羌 / 广汉羌
* 後漢 / 后汉 (Hòuhàn)
* 後漢書 / 后汉书 (Hòuhànshū)
* 後漢紀 / 后汉纪
* 惡漢 / 恶汉 (èhàn)
* 懞漢 / 蒙汉
* 懶漢 / 懒汉 (lǎnhàn)
* 成漢 / 成汉 (Chénghàn)
* 打漢子 / 打汉子
* 招漢子 / 招汉子
* 拖漢精 / 拖汉精
* 拔趙易漢 / 拔赵易汉
* 披霄決漢 / 披霄决汉
* 挑腳漢 / 挑脚汉
* 插漢 / 插汉
* 擂家漢 / 擂家汉
* 擔板漢 / 担板汉
* 散漢 / 散汉
* 斜漢 / 斜汉
* 易漢學 / 易汉学
* 明眼漢 / 明眼汉
* 星漢 / 星汉 (xīnghàn)
* 星漢砂 / 星汉砂
* 星漢神砂 / 星汉神砂
* 智短漢 / 智短汉
* 有漢 / 有汉
* 望漢月 / 望汉月
* 朝漢臺 / 朝汉台
* 村漢 / 村汉
* 村蠻漢 / 村蛮汉
* 東漢 / 东汉 (Dōnghàn)
* 東漢分 / 东汉分
* 楚河漢界 / 楚河汉界 (chǔhéhànjiè)
* 楚漢 / 楚汉
* 楚漢春秋 / 楚汉春秋
* 楚漢相爭 / 楚汉相争
* 橫漢 / 横汉
* 樵漢 / 樵汉
* 檐板漢 / 檐板汉
* 武漢 / 武汉 (Wǔhàn)
* 氣凌霄漢 / 气凌霄汉
* 氣沖霄漢 / 气冲霄汉
* 氣踰霄漢 / 气逾霄汉
* 江湖好漢 / 江湖好汉
* 江漢 / 江汉 (Jiānghàn)
* 江漢平原 / 江汉平原 (Jiāng-Hàn Píngyuán)
* 沖漢 / 冲汉
* 沖霄漢外 / 冲霄汉外
* 泥擔漢 / 泥担汉
* 油漢 / 油汉
* 河漢 / 河汉 (héhàn)
* 況漢 / 况汉
* 河漢女 / 河汉女
* 河漢橋 / 河汉桥
* 河漢江淮 / 河汉江淮
* 流浪漢 / 流浪汉 (liúlànghàn)
* 涒漢 / 涒汉
* 浪漢 / 浪汉
* 清漢 / 清汉 (qīnghàn)
* 涼漢 / 凉汉
* 湘漢 / 湘汉
* 渴睡漢 / 渴睡汉
* 漢中 / 汉中 (Hànzhōng)
* 漢中盆地 / 汉中盆地
* 漢丹鐵路 / 汉丹铁路
* 漢之季 / 汉之季
* 漢京 / 汉京 (Hànjīng)
* 漢人 / 汉人 (Hànrén)
* 漢仗 / 汉仗
* 漢佩 / 汉佩
* 漢傅 / 汉傅
* 漢傳佛教 / 汉传佛教 (Hànchuán Fójiào)
* 漢僧 / 汉僧
* 漢儀 / 汉仪
* 漢元 / 汉元
* 漢光 / 汉光
* 漢光武帝 / 汉光武帝
* 漢克斯 / 汉克斯
* 漢兒 / 汉儿 (hàn'ér)
* 漢分 / 汉分
* 漢制 / 汉制
* 漢刻 / 汉刻
* 漢劇 / 汉剧 (hànjù)
* 漢劍 / 汉剑
* 漢化 / 汉化 (hànhuà)
* 漢北 / 汉北 (Hànběi)
* 漢區 / 汉区
* 漢十高速鐵路 / 汉十高速铁路
* 漢南 / 汉南 (Hànnán)
* 漢印 / 汉印
* 漢口 / 汉口 (Hànkǒu)
* 漢史 / 汉史 (Hàn shǐ)
* 漢后
* 漢和帝 / 汉和帝
* 漢喃 / 汉喃 (hànnán)
* 漢國 / 汉国
* 漢土 / 汉土 (hàntǔ)
* 漢地 / 汉地 (hàndì)
* 漢城 / 汉城 (Hànchéng)
* 漢堡 / 汉堡 (hànbǎo)
* 漢堡包 / 汉堡包 (hànbǎobāo)
* 漢壁 / 汉壁
* 漢壽亭侯 / 汉寿亭侯
* 漢大心實 / 汉大心实
* 漢女 / 汉女
* 漢奸 (hànjiān)
* 漢姓 / 汉姓 (hànxìng)
* 漢姬 / 汉姬
* 漢子 / 汉子 (hànzi)
* 漢孔宙碑 / 汉孔宙碑
* 漢字 / 汉字 (hànzì)
* 漢字改革 / 汉字改革
* 漢字編碼 / 汉字编码
* 漢學 / 汉学 (hànxué)
* 漢學家 / 汉学家 (hànxuéjiā)
* 漢官 / 汉官
* 漢官儀 / 汉官仪
* 漢官威儀 / 汉官威仪
* 漢宜鐵路 / 汉宜铁路
* 漢室 / 汉室 (Hàn shì)
* 漢宣帝 / 汉宣帝
* 漢宮 / 汉宫
* 漢家 / 汉家 (Hàn Jiā)
* 漢宮妃 / 汉宫妃
* 漢宮秋 / 汉宫秋
* 漢宮秋月 / 汉宫秋月
* 漢家飛將 / 汉家飞将
* 漢密爾頓 / 汉密尔顿 (Hànmì'ěrdùn)
* 漢將 / 汉将
* 漢尼拔 / 汉尼拔
* 漢川 / 汉川 (Hànchuān)
* 漢帝 / 汉帝
* 漢帝杏 / 汉帝杏
* 漢帝臺 / 汉帝台
* 漢幟 / 汉帜
* 漢庭 / 汉庭
* 漢廒 / 汉廒
* 漢廣 / 汉广
* 漢律 / 汉律
* 漢志 / 汉志
* 漢思 / 汉思
* 漢恩 / 汉恩
* 漢成帝 / 汉成帝
* 漢拜 / 汉拜
* 漢摩拉比 / 汉摩拉比
* 漢摩拉比法典 / 汉摩拉比法典
* 漢文 / 汉文 (Hànwén)
* 漢文帝 / 汉文帝
* 漢旅 / 汉旅
* 漢族 / 汉族 (Hànzú)
* 漢日天種 / 汉日天种
* 漢易 / 汉易
* 漢景帝 / 汉景帝
* 漢普頓 / 汉普顿
* 漢書 / 汉书 (Hànshū)
* 漢月 / 汉月
* 漢服 / 汉服 (hànfú)
* 漢朝 / 汉朝 (Hàncháo)
* 漢本房 / 汉本房
* 漢東流 / 汉东流
* 漢東珠 / 汉东珠
* 漢東蚌 / 汉东蚌
* 漢桓帝 / 汉桓帝
* 漢案戶 / 汉案户
* 漢椒 / 汉椒
* 漢樂府 / 汉乐府
* 漢檔房 / 汉档房
* 漢武 / 汉武 (Hàn Wǔ)
* 漢武帝 / 汉武帝 (Hàn Wǔ Dì)
* 漢武故事 / 汉武故事
* 漢武泉 / 汉武泉
* 漢武臺 / 汉武台
* 漢氏 / 汉氏
* 漢民 / 汉民 (Hànmín)
* 漢民族 / 汉民族
* 漢水 / 汉水 (Hànshuǐ)
* 漢江 / 汉江 (Hànjiāng)
* 漢江路 / 汉江路 (Hànjiānglù)
* 漢沂 / 汉沂
* 漢注 / 汉注
* 漢法 / 汉法
* 漢津 / 汉津
* 漢洋江 / 汉洋江
* 漢浦 / 汉浦
* 漢渚 / 汉渚 (hànzhǔ)
* 滿漢全席 / 满汉全席 (mǎnhànquánxí)
* 漢火 / 汉火
* 漢燕 / 汉燕
* 漢爵 / 汉爵
* 漢牘 / 汉牍
* 漢獻帝 / 汉献帝
* 漢王 / 汉王 (Hànwáng)
* 漢玉 / 汉玉
* 漢珮 / 汉佩
* 漢珥貂 / 汉珥貂
* 漢甘露鼎 / 汉甘露鼎
* 漢田郎 / 汉田郎
* 漢界 / 汉界
* 漢畤 / 汉畤
* 漢白玉 / 汉白玉 (hànbáiyù)
* 漢白玉石 / 汉白玉石
* 漢皇 / 汉皇
* 漢皋 / 汉皋
* 漢皋佩 / 汉皋佩
* 漢皋珠 / 汉皋珠
* 漢皋解佩 / 汉皋解佩
* 漢皓 / 汉皓
* 漢碑 / 汉碑
* 漢碑額 / 汉碑额
* 漢祖 / 汉祖
* 漢祚 / 汉祚
* 漢祖風 / 汉祖风
* 漢票簽處 / 汉票签处
* 漢禮 / 汉礼
* 漢禮器碑 / 汉礼器碑
* 漢穆拉比 / 汉穆拉比
* 漢穆拉比法典 / 汉穆拉比法典
* 漢竹 / 汉竹
* 漢策 / 汉策
* 漢節 / 汉节
* 漢篆 / 汉篆
* 漢簡 / 汉简
* 漢籍 / 汉籍 (hànjí)
* 漢紀 / 汉纪
* 漢統 / 汉统
* 漢經廠 / 汉经厂
* 漢綱 / 汉纲
* 漢緒 / 汉绪
* 漢缺 / 汉缺
* 漢署之香 / 汉署之香
* 漢聖 / 汉圣
* 漢臘 / 汉腊
* 漢臚 / 汉胪
* 漢臣 / 汉臣 (Hàn chén)
* 漢苗 / 汉苗
* 漢草 / 汉草 (Min Nan)
* 漢蔥 / 汉葱
* 漢藏 / 汉藏 (hàn-zàng)
* 漢薩同盟 / 汉萨同盟
* 漢藏語系 / 汉藏语系 (Hàn-Zàng yǔxì)
* 漢藥方 / 汉药方
* 漢虜 / 汉虏
* 漢表 / 汉表
* 漢詠 / 汉咏
* 漢話 / 汉话 (hànhuà)
* 漢誓 / 汉誓
* 漢語 / 汉语 (hànyǔ)
* 漢語拼音 / 汉语拼音 (hànyǔ pīnyīn)
* 漢語水平考試 / 汉语水平考试 (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì)
* 漢調 / 汉调
* 漢調二黃 / 汉调二黄
* 漢諾威 / 汉诺威 (Hànnuòwēi)
* 漢謨拉比 / 汉谟拉比
* 漢謨拉比法典 / 汉谟拉比法典
* 漢豐 / 汉丰 (Hànfēng)
* 漢貂 / 汉貂
* 漢貳 / 汉贰
* 漢賦 / 汉赋
* 漢軍 / 汉军 (hànjūn)
* 漢軍八旗 / 汉军八旗
* 漢軍缺 / 汉军缺
* 漢道 / 汉道
* 漢都 / 汉都
* 漢酺 / 汉酺
* 漢醫 / 汉医 (hànyī)
* 漢鍾離 / 汉钟离
* 漢鏡 / 汉镜
* 漢閣 / 汉阁
* 漢關 / 汉关
* 漢陵 / 汉陵
* 漢陰 / 汉阴
* 漢陰抱甕 / 汉阴抱瓮
* 漢陰機 / 汉阴机
* 漢陰灌 / 汉阴灌
* 漢陰老 / 汉阴老
* 漢陰老父 / 汉阴老父
* 漢陰誚 / 汉阴诮
* 漢陽 / 汉阳 (Hànyáng)
* 漢陽江 / 汉阳江
* 漢陽造 / 汉阳造
* 漢隸 / 汉隶 (hànlì)
* 漢隸字源 / 汉隶字源
* 漢雞 / 汉鸡
* 漢震 / 汉震
* 漢靈帝 / 汉灵帝
* 漢音 / 汉音 (hànyīn)
* 漢風 / 汉风
* 漢高 / 汉高
* 漢高祖 / 汉高祖 (Hàn Gāozǔ)
* 漢魏風骨 / 汉魏风骨
* 漢麻 / 汉麻
* 漢鼎 / 汉鼎
* 潢漢 / 潢汉
* 炎漢 / 炎汉
* 烈漢 / 烈汉
* 無賴漢 / 无赖汉
* 煙漢 / 烟汉
* 牆外漢 / 墙外汉
* 狂漢 / 狂汉
* 獄漢 / 狱汉
* 班漢 / 班汉
* 現代漢語 / 现代汉语 (xiàndài hànyǔ)
* 田舍漢 / 田舍汉
* 男子漢 / 男子汉 (nánzǐhàn)
* 番漢 / 番汉
* 疊羅漢 / 叠罗汉 (diéluóhàn)
* 痴漢 / 痴汉 (chīhàn)
* 癡漢 / 痴汉 (chīhàn)
* 癩漢指頭 / 癞汉指头
* 白漢稻 / 白汉稻
* 白金漢 / 白金汉 (Báijīnhàn)
* 白金漢宮 / 白金汉宫 (Báijīnhàn Gōng)
* 皇漢 / 皇汉 (huánghàn)
* 瞎漢跳渠 / 瞎汉跳渠
* 瞌睡漢 / 瞌睡汉
* 瞞人漢 / 瞒人汉
* 硬漢 / 硬汉 (yìnghàn)
* 硬漢子 / 硬汉子
* 硬鐵漢 / 硬铁汉
* 碧漢 / 碧汉 (bìhàn)
* 神漢 / 神汉 (shénhàn)
* 秋漢 / 秋汉
* 秦漢子 / 秦汉子 (qínhànzǐ)
* 穹漢 / 穹汉 (qiónghàn)
* 空頭漢 / 空头汉
* 窮漢 / 穷汉
* 笨漢 / 笨汉
* 簡化漢字 / 简化汉字
* 粵漢鐵路 / 粤汉铁路
* 紅臉兒漢 / 红脸儿汉
* 細漢 / 细汉 (sè-hàn) (Min Nan)
* 紫漢 / 紫汉
* 綠林好漢 / 绿林好汉
* 續後漢書 / 续后汉书
* 續漢書 / 续汉书
* 羅漢 / 罗汉 (luóhàn)
* 羅漢床 / 罗汉床
* 羅漢果 / 罗汉果 (luóhànguǒ)
* 羅漢松 / 罗汉松 (luóhànsōng)
* 羅漢柏 / 罗汉柏
* 羅漢椅子 / 罗汉椅子
* 羅漢病 / 罗汉病 (luóhànbìng)
* 羅漢腳 / 罗汉脚
* 羅漢菜 / 罗汉菜
* 羅漢豆 / 罗汉豆 (luóhàndòu)
* 羅漢身子 / 罗汉身子
* 羅賓漢 / 罗宾汉 (Luóbīn Hàn)
* 老婆漢 / 老婆汉
* 老山漢 / 老山汉
* 老漢 / 老汉 (lǎohàn)
* 肥漢 / 肥汉
* 胡言漢語 / 胡言汉语 (húyánhànyǔ)
* 自了漢 / 自了汉
* 花腿閒漢 / 花腿闲汉
* 英雄好漢 / 英雄好汉 (yīngxiónghǎohàn)
* 莊家漢 / 庄家汉
* 莽漢 / 莽汉 (mǎnghàn)
* 莊稼漢 / 庄稼汉
* 華漢 / 华汉
* 彪形大漢 / 彪形大汉 (biāoxíngdàhàn)
* 蜀漢 / 蜀汉 (Shǔ Hàn)
* 蠢漢 / 蠢汉
* 衡漢 / 衡汉
* 西漢 / 西汉 (Xīhàn)
* 西漢夫人 / 西汉夫人
* 覓漢 / 觅汉
* 謊漢 / 谎汉
* 謊漢子 / 谎汉子
* 謬漢 / 谬汉
* 貝克漢 / 贝克汉
* 貝克漢姆 / 贝克汉姆
* 賊漢 / 贼汉
* 賓漢 / 宾汉
* 賭漢 / 赌汉 (dǔhàn)
* 赤漢 / 赤汉
* 赤腳漢 / 赤脚汉
* 趁漢 / 趁汉
* 跎漢 / 跎汉
* 車軸漢 / 车轴汉
* 軍漢 / 军汉
* 辰漢 / 辰汉
* 迥漢 / 迥汉
* 連漢 / 连汉
* 達巴漢 / 达巴汉
* 遊漢 / 游汉
* 逼漢 / 逼汉
* 遙漢 / 遥汉
* 遠漢 / 远汉
* 邈若河漢 / 邈若河汉
* 邊羅漢 / 边罗汉
* 醉漢 / 醉汉 (zuìhàn)
* 野漢子 / 野汉子 (yěhànzi)
* 金漢 / 金汉
* 金身羅漢 / 金身罗汉
* 鈍漢 / 钝汉
* 銀漢 / 银汉 (yínhàn)
* 錚錚鐵漢 / 铮铮铁汉
* 鐵漢 / 铁汉 (tiěhàn)
* 長漢 / 长汉
* 門外漢 / 门外汉 (ménwàihàn)
* 閒漢 / 闲汉 (xiánhàn)
* 阿羅漢 / 阿罗汉 (āluóhàn)
* 阿羅漢果 / 阿罗汉果
* 階下漢 / 阶下汉
* 隸漢 / 隶汉
* 雌漢 / 雌汉
* 雪羅漢 / 雪罗汉
* 雲漢 / 云汉 (yúnhàn)
* 霄漢 / 霄汉 (xiāohàn)
* 靈漢 / 灵汉 (línghàn)
* 青漢 / 青汉
* 響徹雲漢 / 响彻云汉
* 題漢柱 / 题汉柱
* 風漢 / 风汉
* 養漢 / 养汉 (yǎnghàn)
* 養漢精 / 养汉精
* 餓漢 / 饿汉
* 騃漢 / 𫘤汉
* 魯莽漢 / 鲁莽汉
* 鳥漢 / 鸟汉
* 鴻漢 / 鸿汉
* 鵲漢 / 鹊汉 (quèhàn)
* 麗漢 / 丽汉
* 龍漢 / 龙汉
* 龍漢劫 / 龙汉劫

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 漢(かん) (kan)
* → Korean: 한(漢) (han)
* → Vietnamese: Hán (漢)
* → Arabic: هان (hān)
* → Bulgarian: хан (han)
* → English: Han
* → Finnish: Han
* → French: Han
* → German: Han
* → Khmer: ហាន (haan)
* → Polish: Han
* → Portuguese: han
* → Russian: хань (xanʹ), ханец (xanec)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02308
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “汉”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 257.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 漢 |
| Kyūjitai | 漢 &#xFA47; or 漢+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 漢󠄁 漢+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 漢󠄃 漢+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 漢)
* Sino-, China
* man

#### Readings

* Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
* Kun: あや (aya, 漢)、おとこ (otoko, 漢)、から (kara, 漢)
* Nanori: あや (aya)、かみ (kami)、から (kara)、くに (kuni)、なら (nara)、はた (hata)

#### Compounds

* 漢(かん)音(おん) (kan'on)
* 漢(かん)学(がく) (kangaku)
* 漢(かん)奸(かん) (kankan)
* 漢(かん)語(ご) (kango)
* 漢(かん)才(さい) (kansai), 漢(かん)才(ざい) (kanzai)
* 漢(かん)詩(し) (kanshi)
* 漢(かん)字(じ) (kanji, “Chinese character”)
* 漢(かん)籍(せき) (kanseki)
* 漢(かん)朝(ちょう) (Kanchō)
* 漢(かん)文(ぶん) (kanbun, “Chinese classical literature”)
* 漢(かん)方(ぽう) (kanpō, “Chinese medicine”)
* 漢(かん)名(めい) (kanmei)
* 阿(あ)羅(ら)漢(かん) (arakan), 羅(ら)漢(かん) (rakan, “arhat”)
* 銀(ぎん)漢(かん) (Ginkan), 天(てん)漢(かん) (Tenkan, “the Milky Way”)
* 国(こっ)漢(かん) (kokkan)
* 霄(しょう)漢(かん) (shōkan)
* 珍(ちん)紛(ぷん)漢(かん), 珍(ちん)糞(ぷん)漢(かん) (chinpunkan)
* 頓(どん)珍(ちん)漢(かん) (donchinkan)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 漢
* かん Grade: 3
* on'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 漢 (kyūjitai)
From Middle Chinese 漢 (MC xanH), in reference to the Han Chinese ethnic group.
The sense of man arose from usage in Chinese to differentiate between the “civilized” people of the Han Chinese ethnicity versus other ethnic groups.

#### Noun

漢(かん) • (kan)
* man
    さらに悟(ご)上(じょう)に得(とく)悟(ご)する漢(かん)あり、迷(めい)中(ちゅう)又(う)迷(めい)の漢(かん)あり。
       Sara ni gojō ni tokugo suru kan ari, meichū umei no kan ari.
       Moreover, some men achieve enlightenment and further enlightenment, and some men achieve confusion and further confusion.

##### Derived terms

* 悪(あっ)漢(かん) (akkan), 凶(きょう)漢(かん), 兇(きょう)漢(かん) (kyōkan, “villain”)
* 快(かい)漢(かん) (kaikan), 好(こう)漢(かん) (kōkan, “fine man”)
* 怪(かい)漢(かん) (kaikan, “suspicious person”)
* 巨(きょ)漢(かん) (kyokan, “giant”)
* 硬(こう)骨(こつ)漢(かん) (kōkotsu-kan, “man of principle”)
* 酔(すい)漢(かん) (suikan, “drunkard”)
* 大(だい)食(しょく)漢(かん) (daishoku-kan, “glutton”)
* 痴(ち)漢(かん) (chikan, “molester”)
* 熱(ねっ)血(けつ)漢(かん) (nekketsu-kan, “hot-blooded person”)
* 暴(ぼう)漢(かん) (bōkan, “hoodlum, ruffian”)
* 木(ぼく)石(せき)漢(かん) (bokuseki-kan, “unfeeling or callous person”)
* 没(ぼつ)分(ぶん)暁(ぎょう)漢(かん) (botsubungyō-kan, “blockhead, obstinate person”)
* 門(もん)外(がい)漢(かん) (mongai-kan, “outsider”)
* 冷(れい)血(けつ)漢(かん) (reiketsu-kan, “cold-blooded person”)

#### Proper noun

漢(かん) • (Kan)
* the name of China during the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE)
* name of various Chinese dynasties
** the 西漢 (Saikan, “Western Han”) or 前漢 (Zenkan, “Former Han”) (206 BCE – 9 CE)
** the 東漢 (Tōkan, “Eastern Han”) or 後漢 (Gokan, “Later Han”) (25–220 CE)
** the 蜀漢 (Shokkan, “Shu Han”) (221–263)
** the 成漢 (Seikan, “Cheng Han”) (304–347)
** the 南漢 (Nankan, “Southern Han”) (917–971)
** the 後漢 (Kōkan, “Later Han”) (947–951)
** the 北漢 (Hokukan, “Northern Han”) (951–979)
* the Han Chinese people
* the Han River, a tributary of the Yangtze
* (by extension from the "river" sense) the Milky Way
    Synonyms: 天漢 (Tenkan), 天河 (Tenga), 銀漢 (Ginkan), 銀河 (Ginga), 天の川 (Ama-no-gawa)
* alternative name for 漢中 (Kanchū, “Hanzhong”)
* a surname

##### Derived terms

* 漢(かん)民(ぞく) (Kan-zoku), 漢(かん)民(みん)族(ぞく) (Kan-minzoku, “the Han Chinese people”)
* 漢(かん)和(わ) (Kan-Wa, “Chinese–Japanese”)
* 和(わ)漢(かん) (Wa-Kan, “Japanese–Chinese”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 漢
* から Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 漢 (kyūjitai)
From Old Japanese.
Originally referred to the Gaya confederacy, an independent state in the south of the Korean peninsula in the years 42–562 CE. Over time, the meaning extended to refer in general to the Korean peninsula and China, expanding further just before and during the Edo period to refer to foreign lands in general.

#### Alternative forms

* (usually China in the Tang dynasty, and foreign lands in general): 唐
* (usually Korea): 韓
* (specifically the Gaya confederacy): 加羅, 伽羅, 迦羅

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) から [káꜜrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠ɾa̠]

#### Prefix

漢(から) • (kara-)
* element in compounds, referring to things imported from China or Korea, or from other foreign lands
    漢詩(からうた)、唐歌(からうた)、唐(から)揚(あ)げ、漢音(からごえ)
       karauta, karauta, karāge, karagoe
       Chinese-style poetry (as opposed to formal waka Japanese-style poetry), Chinese-style poetry, deep-fried chicken or fish (a style introduced by Europeans in the 1600s), “Chinese voice” → the kan'on or Chinese-derived reading for a character

##### Derived terms

* 漢(から)詩(うた) (karauta)
* 漢(から)声(ごえ) (karagoe)
* 漢(から)才(ざえ) (karazae)
* 漢(から)竹(たけ) (karatake)
* 漢(から)書(ぶみ) (karabumi)

#### Noun

漢(から) • (kara)
* (historical) shortly before and during the Edo period, foreign lands in general

#### Proper noun

漢(から) • (Kara)
* the Gaya confederacy
* (archaic) the Korean peninsula
* (archaic) China, especially during the Han dynasty

##### Derived terms

* 漢人(かんじん) (Kanjin)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 漢
* あや Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 漢 (kyūjitai)
From Old Japanese, in reference to clans purportedly originating from China. Appears to be cognate with 文 / 紋 / 綾 / 絢 (aya, “a pattern or design; a pattern of diagonally interweaving lines; twill; how something fits together, the reason or background of a thing; skillful expression in color or words; melody, tune”), possibly in distant reference to technologies and cultural practices brought to Japan by the original Chinese immigrants.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a̠ja̠]

#### Proper noun

漢(あや) • (Aya)
* short for 漢氏 (Aya uji): name of one of two ancient clans, purportedly descendants from Han Chinese, and notable historically for major achievements in fields including literature, diplomacy, and finance, among others
** 東漢 (Yamato no Aya)
** 西漢 (Kawachi no Aya)

##### Derived terms

* 漢(あや)人(ひと) (Aya hito)
* 菖(あや)蒲(め) (ayame, “iris”)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 漢
* おとこ Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 漢 (kyūjitai)
Rare alternative spelling for 男 (otoko, “man”), from usage in Chinese to differentiate between the “civilized” people of the Han Chinese ethnicity versus other ethnic groups.
See the 男 entry for the derivation of the reading.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おとこ [òtókóꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
* IPA: [o̞to̞ko̞]

#### Noun

漢(おとこ) • (otoko)
* (slang) Rare spelling of 男 (“man”).
** 2004 July 7, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)26(にじゅうろく)話(わ)　トレーニング・デイ [Chapter 26: Training Day]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 3, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 161:
    漢(おとこ)は背(せ)中(なか)で人(じん)生(せい)を語(かた)る！キミのベストポーズでスーパーアピール‼
       Otoko wa senaka de jinsei o kataru! Kimi no besuto pōzu de sūpā apīru‼
       Men show what life is with their backs! Strike your best pose to drive home your point!!

### References

* ↑ “漢”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 漢 (MC xanH).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 한〮 (Yale: hán) | 한〮 (Yale: hán) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 하ᄂᆞᆯ (Yale: hanol) | 한 (Yale: han) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ha̠(ː)n]
* Phonetic hangul: [한(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 漢 (eumhun 한나라 한 (Hannara han))
* hanja form of 한 (“Sino-, China”) [affix]
* hanja form of 한 (“man; person”) [suffix]
* hanja form of 한 (“Han dynasty”) [proper noun]

#### Compounds

* 거한(巨漢) (geohan)
* 괴한(怪漢) (goehan)
* 문외한(門外漢) (munoehan)
* 치한(癡漢) (chihan)
* 한강(漢江) (Han'gang)
* 한문(漢文) (hanmun)
* 한서(漢書) (hanseo)
* 한수(漢水) (hansu)
* 한시(漢詩) (hansi)
* 한양(漢陽) (Hanyang)
* 한어(漢語) (haneo)
* 한역(漢譯) (hanyeok)
* 한음(漢音) (haneum)
* 한인(漢人) (hanin)
* 한자(漢字) (hanja)
* 한적(漢籍) (hanjeok)
* 한족(漢族) (hanjok)
* 한학(漢學) (hanhak)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

漢: Hán Nôm readings: Hán
* Of or relating to China

### Compounds

* 漢喃 (Hán Nôm) Vietnamese made Chinese characters