# wave
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: wāv, IPA: /weɪv/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Homophone: waive
* Rhymes: -eɪv

### Etymology 1

From Middle English waven, from Old English wafian (“to wave, fluctuate, waver in mind, wonder”), from Proto-West Germanic *wabōn, from Proto-Germanic *wabōną, *wabjaną (“to wander, sway”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to move to and from, wander”).
Cognate with Middle High German waben (“to wave”), German wabern (“to waft”), Icelandic váfa (“to fluctuate, waver, doubt”). See also waver.

#### Verb

wave (third-person singular simple present waves, present participle waving, simple past and past participle waved)
* (intransitive) To move back and forth repeatedly and somewhat loosely.
    The flag waved in the gentle breeze.
** 2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:But the World Cup winning veteran's left boot was awry again, the attempt sliced horribly wide of the left upright, and the saltires were waving aloft again a moment later when a long pass in the England midfield was picked off to almost offer up a breakaway try.
* (intransitive) To move one’s hand back and forth (generally above the shoulders) in greeting or departure.
** 1978, Richard Nixon, RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon‎, Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 1090:I raised my arms in a final salute. I smiled. I waved goodbye. I turned into the helicopter, the door was closed, the red carpet was rolled up.
* (transitive, metonymically) To call attention to, or give a direction or command to, by a waving motion, as of the hand; to signify by waving; to beckon; to signal; to indicate.
    I waved goodbye from across the room.
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:Look, with what courteous action / It waves you to a more removed ground.
** 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part 2”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:She spoke, and bowing waved / Dismissal.
* (intransitive) To have an undulating or wavy form.
* (transitive) To raise into inequalities of surface; to give an undulating form or surface to.
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:horns whelked and waved like the enridged sea
* (transitive) To produce waves to the hair.
** 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:There was also hairdressing: hairdressing, too, really was hairdressing in those times — no running a comb through it and that was that. It was curled, frizzed, waved, put in curlers overnight, waved with hot tongs; […].
* (intransitive, baseball) To swing and miss at a pitch.
    Jones waves at strike one.
* (transitive) To cause to move back and forth repeatedly.
    The starter waved the flag to begin the race.
** 1977 August 13, Pala Bennett, Mary Jo Risher, “"I'm A Mother, And I'm A Good One."”, in Gay Community News, volume 5, number 6, page 9:His father has waved bills in front of face and said to him — see what you've cost me.
* (transitive, metonymically) To signal (someone or something) with a waving movement.
* (intransitive, obsolete) To fluctuate; to waver; to be in an unsettled state.
** c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:He waved indifferently 'twixt doing them neither good nor harm.
* (intransitive, ergative) To move like a wave, or by floating; to waft.
** 1803, William Hogarth, Anecdotes of Mr. Hogarth: And Explanatory Descriptions of the Plates of Hogarth Restored, page 137:But in the last, this dotted line, by the twisting as well as the bending of the horn, is changed from the waving into the serpentine line
** 1850, Pierce Egan, Robin Hood and Little John: or, The merry men of Sherwood forest, page 272:the flowers will not bloom less brightly, nor the grass be less green and fresh because it is waving over the head of one who loved to look upon their tender beauty while living.
** 1851, Margaret Plues, Rambles in Search of Ferns, page 31:The cypresslike ferns were not waving over these, as they waved over the corals in the wood, but the little spleenwort, called Wall-rue, was resolved that their tomb should not be without verdure.
** 1866, John Saunders, Bound to the Wheel, page 89:The moonlight fell into the room, and the shadows waved over him
** 1951, Doris Lessing, “The Second Hut”, in African Stories, published 2014, page 82:Walking through the fields, where the maize was now waving over his head, pale gold with a froth of white, the sharp dead leaves scything crisply against the wind, he could see nothing but that black foetid hut
** 1997, Elizabeth Barrett, Victoria Bovard, And His Love Shown Down, page 88:A chill waved over my consciousness as my worst nightmare erupted into reality.
** 2015, Arthur Calder-Marshall, About Levy:The two stood in the window peering down where parents moved across grass, pointing tongues of colour waving over them.

##### Hyponyms

* wave off

##### Derived terms

* wave aside
* wave away
* wave down
* wave goodbye
* wave in
* waver
* wave the bloody shirt
* wave the white flag
* wave through

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English *wave, partially from waven (“to fluctuate, wave”) (see above) and partially from Middle English wawe, waghe (“wave”), from Old English wǣg (“a wave, billow, motion, water, flood, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *wēgaz (“motion, storm, wave”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to drag, carry”). Cognate with North Frisian weage (“wave, flood, sea”), German Woge (“wave”), French vague (“wave”) (from Germanic), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌲𐍃 (wēgs, “a wave”). See also waw.

#### Noun

wave (plural waves)
* A moving disturbance in the level of a body of liquid; an undulation.
    The wave traveled from the center of the lake before breaking on the shore.
** 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 65:The new sea wall may stop the waves from the sea, but not from the children who enthusiastically greet our train as it passes. It's great to see this ages-old habit is still going strong.
* (poetic) The ocean.
** 1895, Fiona Macleod (William Sharp), The Sin-Eater and Other Tales
    […] your father Murtagh Ross, and his lawful childless wife, Dionaid, and his sister Anna—one and all, they lie beneath the green wave or in the brown mould.
** 2024 January 14, Kim Darroch, “Whoever rules the waves rules the world... The Red Sea crisis will show us if that’s true”, in The Observer‎:Whoever rules the waves rules the world...
* (physics) A moving disturbance in the energy level of a field.
    Gravity waves, while predicted by theory for decades, have been notoriously difficult to detect.
* A shape that alternatingly curves in opposite directions.
    Her hair had a nice wave to it.
    sine wave
* Any of a number of species of moths in the geometrid subfamily Sterrhinae, which have wavy markings on the wings.
* A loose back-and-forth movement, as of the hands.
    He dismissed her with a wave of the hand.
* (figurative) A sudden, but temporary, uptick in something.
    Synonym: rush
    A wave of shoppers stampeded through the door when the store opened for its Christmas discount special.
    A wave of retirees began moving to the coastal area.
    A wave of emotion overcame her when she thought about her son who was killed in battle.
** 2011 January 11, Jonathan Stevenson, “West Ham 2 - 1 Birmingham”, in BBC‎:Foster had been left unsighted by Scott Dann's positioning at his post, but the goalkeeper was about to prove his worth to Birmingham by keeping them in the game with a series of stunning saves as West Ham produced waves after wave of attack in their bid to find a crucial second goal.
* (figurative) A movement or trend in popular culture.
    New Wave
    Korean Wave
* (video games, by extension) One of the successive swarms of enemies sent to attack the player in certain games.
** 2011, Raffaele Cecco, Supercharged JavaScript Graphics: With HTML5 Canvas and jQuery:As the player eliminates each wave of 55 aliens, the next wave begins lower than the one previous.
* (usually "the wave") A group activity in a crowd imitating a wave going through water, where people in successive parts of the crowd stand and stretch upward, then sit.

##### Synonyms

* (an undulation): und (obsolete, rare)
* (group activity): Mexican wave (chiefly Commonwealth)

##### Hyponyms

* Alfvén wave
* A wave
* blue wave
* carrier wave
* cosine wave
* electromagnetic wave
* Elliott wave
* episodic wave
* gamma wave
* gravitational wave
* gravity-inertia wave
* gravity wave
* groundwave, ground wave
* handwave, hand wave
* harmonic wave
* human wave
* incident wave
* Kelvin wave
* Langmuir wave
* light wave
* longitudinal wave
* longwave, long wave
* Love wave
* Mach wave
* magnetic wave
* Marshak wave
* mechanical wave
* mediumwave, medium wave
* metachronal wave
* Mexican wave
* microwave
* modulated wave
* new wave
* ocean wave
* plane wave
* P wave, P-wave
* Q wave, Q-wave
* radio wave
* Rayleigh wave
* release wave
* rogue wave
* sea wave
* seismic wave
* shock wave, shockwave
* shortwave, short wave
* sine wave
* sinusoidal wave
* skywave, sky wave
* sound wave
* standing wave
* S wave, S-wave
* thumbless wave
* transverse wave
* whispering-gallery wave
* wind wave

##### Derived terms

* aether wave
* æther wave
* afterwave
* airwave
* Alfvén wave
* Alfven wave
* alpha wave
* audience wave
* autowave
* awave
* Bangemann wave
* beta wave
* bewave
* blastwave
* Bloch wave
* blow-wave
* body wave
* bow wave
* brain wave
* brainwave
* capillary wave
* catch a wave
* charge-density wave
* coldwave
* cold wave
* compression wave
* continuous wave
* cosmic gravitational wave background
* cosmic gravitational-wave background
* counterwave
* crime wave
* crimewave
* crimson wave
* crowd wave
* dark wave
* darkwave
* dipole wave
* eigenwave
* electron wave function
* electrowave
* ethereal wave
* Eugene wave
* fifth-wave feminism
* finger wave
* first-wave feminism
* fixed wave
* four-lined wave
* fourth-wave feminism
* freak wave
* French new wave
* Gaussian wave packet
* Gerstner wave
* gravitational-wave
* gravitational-wave background
* gravitational wave background
* green wave
* halfwave
* hand-wave
* heatwave
* heat wave
* high-frequency gravitational wave
* high frequency gravitational wave
* hot wave
* hybrid wave function
* interwave
* Kallang wave
* Kondratieff wave
* Kondratiev wave
* Korean wave
* Korean Wave
* K-wave
* longwave
* make waves
* marcel wave
* matterwave
* matter waves
* mediumwave
* microwave
* midwave
* minimal wave
* Moreton wave
* multiwave
* neoclassical dark wave
* new-wave
* nonwave
* no wave
* oscillating wave test system
* outwave
* pabebe wave
* pay-by-wave
* perfect wave
* permanent wave
* pilot wave
* pink wave
* pooping wave
* Portland ribbon wave
* pulse wave
* quadriwave
* quarter-wave plate
* red wave
* ride the crest of the wave
* ride the wave
* Rossby wave
* rosy wave
* sand wave
* sawtooth wave
* Schrödinger's wave equation
* Schrödinger wave function
* second wave
* second-wave feminism
* seismic sea wave
* semiwave
* shear wave
* shoaling wave
* short-wave
* shortwave
* significant wave height
* sneaker wave
* solitary wave
* soundwave
* space wave
* spatial wave function
* spin-density wave
* spin wave
* square wave
* stationary wave
* submillimeter wave radiation
* superwave
* synthwave
* theta wave
* third-wave coffee
* third-wave feminism
* third wave feminist
* third-wave feminist
* thought wave
* tidal wave
* tide wave
* timewave
* traveling wave
* traveling wave tube
* traveling-wave tube
* travelling wave
* travelling-wave tube
* travelling wave tube
* triangle wave
* T wave
* T-wave
* ultrawave
* wavable
* waveband
* wave base
* wavecut
* wave dash
* wave drag
* wave election
* wave equation
* wavefield
* wave field synthesis
* wavefolding
* wave form
* waveform
* wavefront
* waveful
* wavefunction
* wave function
* waveguide
* wavelength
* waveless
* wavelet
* wavelike
* wave loaf
* wavemaker
* wavemark
* wave-mechanical
* wave mechanics
* wavemeter
* wave model
* wave motion
* wave node
* wave number
* wavenumber
* waveoff
* wave offering
* wave of the hand
* wave operator
* wave packet
* wave-particle
* wave-particle duality
* wave picking
* wave plate
* waveplate
* wave pool
* wave power
* waveproof
* wavepulse
* wave reflection
* waverider
* wave rider
* wave-rider
* waverunner
* wave-runner
* wave runner
* wave scroll
* waveshape
* waveshaper
* waveshaping
* wave shoaling
* wave ski
* wavespeed
* wavestacking
* wavetable
* wave theory
* wavetop
* wave train
* wave vector
* waveward
* wave washing
* wavewise
* wavicle
* Wavoid
* wavy
* Windsor wave
* μwave
* μ-wave

##### Translations

Afrikaans: golf
Albanian: valë (sq) f, dallgë (sq) f
Amharic: ማዕበል (maʿbäl), ሞገድ (mogäd)
Arabic: مَوْج m (mawj), مَوْجَة f (mawja) (singulative)
Egyptian Arabic: موج m (mōg)
Hijazi Arabic: موج m (mōj), موجة f (mōja)
Aramaic:
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܠܠܐ m (gallā)
Armenian: ալիք (hy) (alikʻ)
Aromanian: undã f, tãlazi f, chimã f, dalgã f
Assamese: ঢৌ (dhou), লহৰ (lohor), তৰংগ (toroṅgo)
Asturian: onda (ast) f
Azerbaijani: dalğa (az)
Bashkir: тулҡын (tulqın)
Basque: olatu, uhin
Belarusian: хва́ля f (xválja)
Bengali: তরঙ্গ (bn) (toroṅgo), ঢেউ (bn) (ḍheu)
Bikol Central: alon (bcl), hukol (bcl), balod (bcl)
Budukh: лапа (lapa)
Bulgarian: вълна́ (bg) f (vǎlná)
Burmese: လှိုင်း (my) (hluing:), တံပိုး (my) (tampui:)
Catalan: ona (ca) f
Cebuano: balod
Chamicuro: olashi
Chinese:
Cantonese: 波浪 (bo$^1$ long$^6$)
Dungan: лон (lon)
Hokkien: 波浪 (zh-min-nan) (pho-lōng)
Mandarin: 波浪 (zh) (bōlàng), 波 (zh) (bō), 浪 (zh) (làng)
Czech: vlna (cs) f
Dalmatian: jonda f
Danish: bølge (da) c
Dutch: golf (nl) m, baar (nl) f (archaic)
Eastern Bontoc: challoyon, onchoschos-or ay chanom
Egyptian: (wꜣw m)
Esperanto: ondo
Estonian: laine (et)
Even: ота (ota)
Fala: onda f
Faroese: alda (fo) f, bylgja f
Fijian: biau
Finnish: aalto (fi)
French: vague (fr) f, flot (fr) m
Friulian: onde f
Galician: onda (gl) f, vaga (gl) f
Georgian: ტალღა (ṭalɣa)
German: Welle (de) f, Woge (de) f
Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌲𐍃 m (wēgs)
Greek: κύμα (el) n (kýma)
Ancient: κῦμα n (kûma), κλύδων m (klúdōn)
Hawaiian: nalu
Hebrew: גַּל (he) m (gal)
Higaonon: balod
Hindi: लहर (hi) f (lahar), मौज (hi) f (mauj)
Hungarian: hullám (hu)
Icelandic: alda (is) f, bylgja (is) f
Ido: ondo (io)
Ilocano: allon
Indonesian: alun (id), ombak (id), gelombang (id)
Ingrian: laine, alto
Interlingua: unda
Irish: tonn f (1,4), (of a hand) croitheadh m, (hair) casadh m (3)
Italian: onda (it) f
Japanese: 波 (ja) (なみ, nami), 周波 (ja) (しゅうは, shūha)
Javanese: alun, ombak (jv)
Kabuverdianu: ónda
Karachay Balkar: толкъун (tolqun)
Karaim: tolhun
Kazakh: толқын (tolqyn)
Khakas: салғах (salğax)
Khmer: រលក (km) (rɔlɔɔk)
Kikuyu: ikũmbĩ class 5
Korean: 물결 (ko) (mulgyeol), 파도(波濤) (ko) (pado)
Kumyk: толкъун (tolqun)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: شەپۆل (şepol)
Northern Kurdish: pêl (ku), sîpel (ku) f
Kyrgyz: толкун (ky) (tolkun)
Lao: ຄື້ນ (lo) (khư̄n)
Latgalian: viļņs
Latin: unda (la) f, fluctus m
Latvian: vilnis (lv) m
Lezgi: лепе (lepe)
Lithuanian: banga (lt) f, vilnis m
Lubuagan Kalinga: tuppiyak
Luxembourgish: Well f
Macedonian: бран (mk) m (bran)
Malagasy: alona (mg)
Malay: alun (ms), bena (ms), gelombang (ms), ombak (ms)
Malayalam: തിരമാല (ml) (tiramāla), തിര (ml) (tira)
Maltese: mewġa f
Manchu: ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣᠨ (boljon), ᡩᠣᠯᡤᡳᠨ (dolgin)
Manx: tonn f
Maori: ngaru
Mon: လပှ်
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: долгион (mn) (dolgion)
Mongolian: ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ (dolgiyan)
Mwani: luwimbi
Nanai: вата (wata)
Navajo: (small waves) tó yilkʼooł, (large waves) tó náádiidááh
Neapolitan: onna f
Norman: louême f
North Frisian: (Föhr-Amrum) waag n
Northern Mansi: хумп (hump)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: bølge (no) m or f
Nynorsk: bølgje f, bylgje f, bølge f
Occitan: èrsa (oc) f
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: вльна f (vlĭna), валъ m (valŭ)
Glagolitic: ⰲⰾⱐⱀⰰ f (vlĭna)
Old East Slavic: вълна f (vŭlna), валъ m (valŭ)
Old English: ȳþ f (1-3)
Old Irish: tonn f
Old Javanese: halun
Old Polish: przewał m, wełna f
Ottoman Turkish: طالغه (dalga), موج (mevc)
Pannonian Rusyn: габа f (haba)
Pashto: موج m (mawj), څپه (ps) f (čapa), باډاسکه (ps) f (bāḍāska)
Persian:
Dari: مَوْج (mawj)
Iranian Persian: مُوْج (mowj), خیزاب (fa) (xizâb)
Plautdietsch: Wal f
Polish: fala (pl), bałwan (pl) (a foamy sea wave)
Portuguese: onda (pt) f, vaga (pt) f
Romanian: val (ro), undă (ro), ondulație (ro) f
Romansch: unda f
Russian: волна́ (ru) f (volná), вал (ru) m (val) (billow)
Samoan: galu
Sanskrit: तरंग (sa) m (taraṃga)
Sardinian: unda f, undha f, unna f
Scottish Gaelic: tonn m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: та̏ла̄с m, ва̑л m
Roman: tȁlās (sh) m, vȃl (sh) m
Shan: လႅင်း (shn) (léng)
Sinhalese: රැල්ල (rælla)
Slovak: vlna f
Slovene: val (sl) m
Sorbian:
Upper Sorbian: žołma f
Southern Altai: толку (tolku), толкун (tolkun)
Southern Kalinga: tupiya
Spanish: onda (es) f, ola (es) f, vaga (es) f
Sranan Tongo: skwala
Swahili: wimbi (sw)
Swedish: våg (sv) m, bölja (sv) f
Tagalog: alon (tl)
Tahitian: ʻaru (archaic), ʻare
Tajik: мавҷ (tg) (mavj)
Tamil: அலை (ta) (alai)
Tatar: дулкын (tt) (dulkın)
Telugu: అల (te) (ala), తరంగం (te) (taraṅgaṁ), కెరటం (te) (keraṭaṁ)
Tetum: laloran
Thai: คลื่น (th) (klʉ̂ʉn)
Tibetan: རྦ་རླབས (rba rlabs)
Tongan: peau, ngalu
Turkish: dalga (tr)
Turkmen: tolkun, gom (large wave)
Tuvaluan: ngalu
Tuwali Ifugao: dalluyun, kibyayong (of water)
Ukrainian: хви́ля (uk) f (xvýlja)
Urdu: لَہْر f (lahr), مَوج (ur) f (mauj)
Uyghur: دولقۇن (dolqun)
Uzbek: toʻlqin (uz), dolgʻa (uz) (poetic), mavj (uz)
Vietnamese: sóng (vi)
Walloon: wague (wa) f, wache (wa) f, houyon (wa) m
Waray-Waray: balud
Welsh: ton (cy) f, gwaneg
Yakut: долгун (dolgun)
Yámana: čili
Yiddish: אינד (ind), כוואַליע f (khvalye)
Yoruba: ìgbì
Zazaki: phêl :

#### Verb

wave (third-person singular simple present waves, present participle waving, simple past and past participle waved)
* To generate a wave.
** 2021, Michio Kaku, The God Equation:If the electron had wavelike properties, then what was disturbing the medium in which the wave existed? What was waving?

#### References

* “wave”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “wave”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Etymology 3

See waive.

#### Verb

wave (third-person singular simple present waves, present participle waving, simple past and past participle waved)
* Obsolete spelling of waive.
** 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter VII, in Emma: […], volume III, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC, page 119:Ladies and gentlemen—I am ordered by Miss Woodhouse to say, that she waves her right of knowing exactly what you may all be thinking of, and only requires something very entertaining from each of you, in a general way.

## Middle English
### Verb

wave
* Alternative form of waven

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English waven (“to move back and forth; to wave”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /weːv/, (northern Scots) /wɑːv/

### Verb

wave (third-person singular simple present waves, present participle wavin, simple past wavet, past participle wavet)
* to wave, to move back and forth
** 1725, Allan Ramsay, “The Gentle Shepherd”, in The Poetical Works of Allan Ramsay, published 1866, page 10:Her haffet-locks hang wavin’ on her cheek; Her cheeks sae ruddy, an’ her een sae clear;Her side-locks hang waving against her cheek; Her cheeks so rosy and her eyes so clear;
* to beckon, to signal by waving