# abakus
## Czech
### Alternative forms

* abak

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”) (compare Late Latin abacus (“art of arithmetic”)), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈabakus]

### Noun

abakus m inan
* abacus (a calculating table or frame)
    Synonym: počitadlo
* abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “abakus”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “abakus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “abakus”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English abacus), ultimately from Latin abacus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑbɑkus/, [ˈɑ̝bɑ̝kus̠]
* Rhymes: -ɑbɑkus
* Hyphenation: aba‧kus

### Noun

abakus
* (mathematics, rare) abacus (a calculating frame)
    Synonyms: helmitaulu, laskulauta, laskutaulu
* (architecture) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)
    Synonym: katelaatta

#### Declension

Possessive forms of abakus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
abakukseni
abakukseni
accusative
nom.
abakukseni
abakukseni
gen.
abakukseni
genitive
abakukseni
abakusteni abakuksieni
partitive
abakustani
abakuksiani
inessive
abakuksessani
abakuksissani
elative
abakuksestani
abakuksistani
illative
abakukseeni
abakuksiini
adessive
abakuksellani
abakuksillani
ablative
abakukseltani
abakuksiltani
allative
abakukselleni
abakuksilleni
essive
abakuksenani
abakuksinani
translative
abakuksekseni
abakuksikseni
abessive
abakuksettani
abakuksittani
instructive
comitative
—abakuksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
abakuksesi
abakuksesi
accusative
nom.
abakuksesi
abakuksesi
gen.
abakuksesi
genitive
abakuksesi
abakustesi abakuksiesi
partitive
abakustasi
abakuksiasi
inessive
abakuksessasi
abakuksissasi
elative
abakuksestasi
abakuksistasi
illative
abakukseesi
abakuksiisi
adessive
abakuksellasi
abakuksillasi
ablative
abakukseltasi
abakuksiltasi
allative
abakuksellesi
abakuksillesi
essive
abakuksenasi
abakuksinasi
translative
abakukseksesi
abakuksiksesi
abessive
abakuksettasi
abakuksittasi
instructive
comitative
—abakuksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
abakuksemme
abakuksemme
accusative
nom.
abakuksemme
abakuksemme
gen.
abakuksemme
genitive
abakuksemme
abakustemme abakuksiemme
partitive
abakustamme
abakuksiamme
inessive
abakuksessamme
abakuksissamme
elative
abakuksestamme
abakuksistamme
illative
abakukseemme
abakuksiimme
adessive
abakuksellamme
abakuksillamme
ablative
abakukseltamme
abakuksiltamme
allative
abakuksellemme
abakuksillemme
essive
abakuksenamme
abakuksinamme
translative
abakukseksemme
abakuksiksemme
abessive
abakuksettamme
abakuksittamme
instructive
comitative
—abakuksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
abakuksenne
abakuksenne
accusative
nom.
abakuksenne
abakuksenne
gen.
abakuksenne
genitive
abakuksenne
abakustenne abakuksienne
partitive
abakustanne
abakuksianne
inessive
abakuksessanne
abakuksissanne
elative
abakuksestanne
abakuksistanne
illative
abakukseenne
abakuksiinne
adessive
abakuksellanne
abakuksillanne
ablative
abakukseltanne
abakuksiltanne
allative
abakuksellenne
abakuksillenne
essive
abakuksenanne
abakuksinanne
translative
abakukseksenne
abakuksiksenne
abessive
abakuksettanne
abakuksittanne
instructive
comitative
—abakuksinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
abakuksensa
abakuksensa
accusative
nom.
abakuksensa
abakuksensa
gen.
abakuksensa
genitive
abakuksensa
abakustensa abakuksiensa
partitive
abakustaan abakustansa
abakuksiaan abakuksiansa
inessive
abakuksessaan abakuksessansa
abakuksissaan abakuksissansa
elative
abakuksestaan abakuksestansa
abakuksistaan abakuksistansa
illative
abakukseensa
abakuksiinsa
adessive
abakuksellaan abakuksellansa
abakuksillaan abakuksillansa
ablative
abakukseltaan abakukseltansa
abakuksiltaan abakuksiltansa
allative
abakukselleen abakuksellensa
abakuksilleen abakuksillensa
essive
abakuksenaan abakuksenansa
abakuksinaan abakuksinansa
translative
abakuksekseen abakukseksensa
abakuksikseen abakuksiksensa
abessive
abakuksettaan abakuksettansa
abakuksittaan abakuksittansa
instructive
comitative
—abakuksineen abakuksinensa :

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch abacus, from Latin abacus, abax; from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board covered with sand”), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /aˈbakus/ [aˈba.kʊs]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -akus
* Syllabification: a‧ba‧kus

### Noun

abakus (plural abakus-abakus)
* (arithmetic) abacus (calculating frame)
    Synonyms: dekak-dekak, swipoa, sempoa
* (architecture) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column) [from 1970s]

### Proper noun

abakus
* a global distribution system

### Further reading

* “abakus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latvian
### Noun

abakus m
* accusative plural of abaks

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from English abacus.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /abakos/
** Rhymes: -akos, -os
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /abakus/
** Rhymes: -akus, -us

### Noun

abakus (Jawi spelling اباکوس, plural abakus-abakus, informal 1st possessive abakusku, 2nd possessive abakusmu, 3rd possessive abakusnya)
* abacus (device for performing arithmetical calculations)
    Synonyms: dekak-dekak, sempoa

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”), possibly from a Semitic source, such as Phoenician -𐤀‬𐤁𐤀‬𐤒 (-ʾ‬bʾ‬q) or Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑːbakʉs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʉs
* Hyphenation: a‧ba‧kus

### Noun

abakus m (definite singular abakusen, indefinite plural abakuser, definite plural abakusene)
* (mathematics) abacus (an instrument used for performing arithmetical calculations, with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units)
** 2011 March 11, Aftenposten, page 8:en abakus, eller kuleramme, er en tidlig forløper til dagens kalkulator. Den første ble utviklet i Mesopotamia over 2000 år f. Kr.An abacus, or abacus, is an early precursor to today's calculator. The first was developed in Mesopotamia over 2000 BC.
    Abakus er nok en fortsettelse av tidligere tiders fingertelling eller daktylonomi
       Abacus is another continuation of the finger counting or dactylonomy of earlier times
    Synonym: kuleramme
* (architecture, art) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave)
** 1902, Lorentz Dietrichson, Omrids af den kirkelige Kunstarkæologi, page 34:den korinthiske [søyle], hvis abacus, bøiet og med afskaarne hjørner, bar en liden roset paa hver sides midtethe Corinthian [pillar], whose abacus, bent and with truncated corners, bore a small rosette in the middle of each side
    Abakus er den øvre, plateformete delen av kapitélet på en søyle, som benyttes som opplagringspunkt for bjelker.
       The abacus is the upper, plate-shaped part of the capital of a pillar, which is used as a storage point for beams.

#### Derived terms

* abasist (“abacist”)

### References

* “abakus” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
* “abakus” in Store norske leksikon
* “abakus (matematikk)” in Store norske leksikon

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin abacus.

### Noun

abakus m (definite singular abakusen, indefinite plural abakusar, definite plural abakusane)
* abacus (a counting frame)
    Synonym: kuleramme
* (architecture) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

### References

* See Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia (links above)

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin abacus. Doublet of abak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈba.kus/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -akus
* Syllabification: a‧ba‧kus

### Noun

abakus m inan
* (arithmetic) abacus (device used for performing arithmetical calculations; a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc.)
    Synonym: abak
    Hypernym: liczydło
* (architecture) abacus (uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave; in some cases, a flat oblong or square slab, in others, more decorated)
    spoczywać na abakusie ― to rest on an abacus

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “abakus”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “abakus”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

### Further reading

* abakus in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* abakus in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* abakus in PWN's encyclopedia
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “abakus”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “abakus”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 1

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* àbak

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ǎbakus/
* Hyphenation: a‧ba‧kus

### Noun

àbakus m (Cyrillic spelling а̀бакус)
* abacus

#### Declension
## Slovak
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈabakus]

### Noun

abakus m inan (relational adjective abakusový)
* abacus (a calculating table or frame)
    Synonym: počítadlo
* abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “abakus”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Swedish
### Noun

abakus c
* abacus (a table or frame used for calculating)
    Synonym: kulram
* abacus (the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column)

#### Declension
### References

* abakus in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* abakus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* abakus in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from English abacus, from Latin abacus. Doublet of abako.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈʔabakus/ [ˌʔaː.bɐˈxus]
* Rhymes: -abakus
* Syllabification: a‧ba‧kus

### Noun

ábakús (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜃᜓᜐ᜔)
* abacus
    Synonym: abako

### Further reading

* “abakus”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* basuka

## Zazaki
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin abacus.

### Noun

abakus m
* abacus