# 勒

| 勒 | U+52D2, &#21202; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52D2 |
| ← 勑 [U+52D1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 勓 → [U+52D3] |
| 勒 | U+F952, &#63826; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F952 |
| ← 陋 [U+F951] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 肋 → [U+F953] |

## Translingual
### Han character

勒 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十大尸 (TJKS), four-corner 4452$_7$, composition ⿰革力)

#### Derived characters

* 嘞 𰃃 𱬀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2386
* Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 374, character 1
* Unihan data for U+52D2
* Unihan data for U+F952

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 勒 | *rɯːɡ |
| 肋 | *rɯːɡ |
| 扐 | *rɯːɡ |
| 仂 | *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ |
| 艻 | *rɯːɡ |
| 朸 | *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ |
| 玏 | *rɯːɡ |
| 泐 | *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ |
| 阞 | *rɯːɡ |
| 竻 | *rɯːɡ |
| 力 | *rɯɡ |
| 屴 | *rɯɡ |
| 鳨 | *rɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯːɡ): semantic 革 + phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ). Bridles are made of leather.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lè, lēi (le$^4$, lei$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄜˋ, ㄌㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lak$^6$ / laak$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): lĕk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k / liak / la̍k / lek / leh / le̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lêg$^8$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$leq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lè
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lè
*** Wade–Giles: lê$^4$
*** Yale: lè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leh
*** Palladius: лэ (lɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lɤ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lei
*** Wade–Giles: lei$^1$
*** Yale: lēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lhei
*** Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /leɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lak$^6$ / laak$^6$
*** Yale: lahk / laahk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lak$^9$ / laak$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: leg$^6$ / lag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐk̚²/, /laːk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lĕk
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ɛiʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
*** Tâi-lô: li̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lek
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liak
*** Tâi-lô: liak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍k
*** Tâi-lô: la̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lek
*** Tâi-lô: lik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: leg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: leh
*** Tâi-lô: leh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: leq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /leʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍h
*** Tâi-lô: le̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: leh
*** IPA (Xiamen): /leʔ⁴/
* lia̍k/le̍k - literary (“to roll up one's sleeves or trousers (Zhangzhou)”);
* liak - literary (“to make a pleat”);
* lek - (“to roll up one's sleeves or trousers (Xiamen, Zhangzhou); to use one's hand to straighten up something”);
* la̍k - used in 肥勒爺／肥勒爷;
* leh/le̍h - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit勒 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /lɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /lɤ²¹³/ ～令 /lei⁴⁴/ ～緊 |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /lei²¹/ /lɤ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /lə²¹³/ /lei²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /lə⁴²/ /le⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /lɛ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /lei²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /lɨ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /lia¹³/ /lə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /lə¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /lei⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /nɤ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ne³¹/ /nie³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /lɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /lə³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ləʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /laɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /liəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /lʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ləʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ləʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ləʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ləʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /le²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /le²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lə²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /næ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /let̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lɐk̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /lɐk̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /lɐk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lɛiʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /lɛ⁴²/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /lek̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /lek̚⁵/ /lek̚³/ |
* Middle Chinese: lok
Rime :
| Character | 勒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧則切 |
| Baxter | lok |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 勒 | 勒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lè | lè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lok › | ‹ lok › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁək/ | /*[r]ˁək/ |
| English | engrave | bridle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 勒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7844 |
| Phonetic component | 力 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 勒 |
| Old Chinese | /*rɯːɡ/ |
| Notes | 說文力聲，金文或單作革， 實革轉註分化字 |

#### Definitions

勒
* (literary) bridle (headgear for a horse)
* to rein in; to restrain
* to compel; to force; to coerce
* to halter; to headstall
* (literary) to command; to lead; to lay out (forces)
* (colloquial) to strap tightly; to bind tight; to strangle; to tighten
* to restrict; to limit
* (literary) to cut; to carve; to engrave
* to compile; to bind (to make a book)
* to write; to draw; to depict
* to extort; to blackmail
* to tantalise; to provoke
* Short for 勒克斯 (lèkèsī, “lux”).
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to roll up one's sleeves or trousers
* (Xiamen Hokkien) to use one's hand to straighten up something
* (Quanzhou Hokkien) to make a pleat
* A respelling of the French patronymic le
    勒龐／勒庞 ― Lèpáng ― Le Pen

##### Synonyms

* (bridle): 馬籠頭／马笼头 (mǎlóngtou)
* (to compel):
* 劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
* 勒逼 (lèbī)
* 強制 / 强制 (qiángzhì)
* 強迫 / 强迫
* 強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
* 押 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 緊逼 / 紧逼 (jǐnbī)
* 脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)
* 迫
* 迫使 (pòshǐ)
* 逼
* 逼迫 (bīpò)
* (to carve):
* 刊刻 (kānkè)
* 摳 / 抠 (kōu)
* 鐫刻 / 镌刻 (juānkè) (literary)
* 雕刻 (diāokè)
* 雕塑 (diāosù)
* 雕琢 (diāozhuó)
* 雕鑿 / 雕凿 (diāozáo)

#### Compounds

* 克克拉去考勒 (Kèkèlāqùkǎolè)
* 克勒特
* 克孜勒蘇 / 克孜勒苏 (Kèzīlèsū)
* 列寧格勒 / 列宁格勒 (Liènínggélè)
* 加依提勒克 (Jiāyītílèkè)
* 加勒比海 (Jiālèbǐ Hǎi)
* 勒交
* 勒令 (lèlìng)
* 勒休
* 勒住
* 勒借
* 勒停
* 勒克司
* 勒兵 (lèbīng)
* 勒口
* 勒子
* 勒尤 (lèyóu)
* 勒戒 (lèjiè)
* 勒抑 (lèyì)
* 勒拿河 (Lèná Hé)
* 勒掯
* 勒斃 / 勒毙
* 勒死
* 勒派 (lèpài)
* 勒狀 / 勒状
* 勒石 (lèshí)
* 勒碑
* 勒索 (lèsuǒ)
* 勒緊 / 勒紧
* 勒緊褲帶 / 勒紧裤带 (lēijǐn kùdài)
* 勒詐 / 勒诈
* 勒贖 / 勒赎 (lèshú)
* 勒迫
* 勒逼 (lèbī)
* 勒里勒得
* 勒銘 / 勒铭
* 勒銜 / 勒衔
* 勒開 / 勒开
* 勒限
* 勒馬 / 勒马 (lèmǎ)
* 勒馬懸崖 / 勒马悬崖
* 勒魚 / 勒鱼 (lèyú)
* 勾勒 (gōulè)
* 古勒巴格 (Gǔlèbāgé)
* 吐曼塔勒 (Tǔmàntǎlè)
* 呼畢勒罕 / 呼毕勒罕 (hūbìlèhǎn)
* 喀勒塔吐格曼 (Kālètǎtùgémàn)
* 喬勒潘 / 乔勒潘 (Qiáolèpān)
* 夏普吐勒 (Xiàpǔtǔlè)
* 夏馬勒巴格 / 夏马勒巴格 (Xiàmǎlèbāgé)
* 多羅貝勒 / 多罗贝勒 (duōluó bèilè)
* 大格勒 (Dàgélè)
* 奧勒岡州 / 奥勒冈州
* 巴勒摩
* 巴勒斯坦 (Bālèsītǎn)
* 布勒斯特
* 希吾勒 (Xīwúlè)
* 庫勒山 / 库勒山
* 庫拉木勒克 / 库拉木勒克 (Kùlāmùlèkè)
* 庫爾勒 / 库尔勒 (Kù'ěrlè)
* 強勒 / 强勒
* 彌勒 / 弥勒 (Mílè)
* 懸崖勒馬 / 悬崖勒马 (xuányálèmǎ)
* 托依堡勒迪 (Tuōyī Bǎolèdí)
* 抑勒
* 掯勒
* 擄人勒贖 / 掳人勒赎
* 敕勒
* 敕勒歌
* 敲詐勒索 / 敲诈勒索 (qiāozhàlèsuǒ)
* 泰勒制度
* 烏魯卻勒 / 乌鲁却勒 (Wūlǔquèlè)
* 玉勒
* 玉勒雕鞍
* 瓊庫勒 / 琼库勒 (Qióngkùlè)
* 疏勒 (Shūlè)
* 皮拉勒 (Pílālè)
* 磨勒
* 策勒 (Cèlè)
* 羅勒 / 罗勒 (luólè)
* 羈勒 / 羁勒 (jīlè)
* 臨崖勒馬 / 临崖勒马
* 色格孜庫勒 / 色格孜库勒 (Sègézī Kùlè)
* 薩利吉勒干南庫勒 / 萨利吉勒干南库勒 (Sàlìjílègānnánkùlè)
* 薩勒吾則克 / 萨勒吾则克 (Sàlèwúzékè)
* 要勒
* 訶梨勒 / 诃梨勒
* 貝爾格勒 / 贝尔格勒 (Bèi'ěrgélè)
* 賽普勒斯 / 赛普勒斯 (Sàipǔlèsī)
* 轡勒 / 辔勒
* 逼勒 (bīlè)
* 邀勒
* 那不勒斯 (Nàbùlèsī)
* 部勒
* 郭勒木德 (Guōlèmùdé)
* 金勒
* 鉤勒 / 钩勒 (gōulè)
* 銜勒 / 衔勒
* 錫林郭勒 / 锡林郭勒 (xīlínguōlè)
* 鐵勒 / 铁勒 (Tiělè)
* 阿依庫勒 / 阿依库勒 (Āyīkùlè)
* 阿勃勒
* 阿恰勒 (Āqiàlè)
* 阿熱勒 / 阿热勒 (Ārèlè)
* 革勒車 / 革勒车 (Gélèchē)

### Etymology 2

From 在 (MC dzojX) (Dai, 2004). Compare 哉 > 了. Cognate with 垃 (laq).

#### Pronunciation

* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$laq / $^8$leq
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$laq
*** MiniDict: lah$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$laq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /laʔ¹²/
** (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Suzhou, Haiyan, Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^8$leq
*** MiniDict: leh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$leq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ləʔ¹²/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ləʔ¹²/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ləʔ²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /ləʔ²²/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ləʔ²³/

#### Definitions

勒 (Northern Wu)
* to be at; to be in
* at; in
** 1981 [1945–1950], 倪海曙 [Ni Haishu], “太太走出廚房（蘇州話）”, in 雜格嚨咚 [Zagelongdong], 生活·讀書·新知三聯書店, reprint of 雜格嚨咚集 by 倪海曙, page 20:
       The vase was rolling on the floor and the shoes were removed on the bed.
* the process of; currently (used to indicate the continuous aspect)
* -ed; used to indicate the perfective aspect

##### Synonyms

* (at):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 於 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 在, 挨, 跟, 的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 在 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 在, 從 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 在 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 在 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rugao | 吖 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 在 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 喺, 在 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 響, 喺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 響, 揀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 揀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 到, 響 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 到, 響 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 到, 響 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 響 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 響, 在, 喺 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 在 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 喺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 在 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 在 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 在 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 嗨 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 在 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 在 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 在 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 在 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 在 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 在 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 在 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 在 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 在 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 在 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 在 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 在 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 在 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 在 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 在 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 在 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 在 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 在 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 到 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 著, 在, 洽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 著, 洽 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 著 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 佇, 咧, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 佇, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 佇 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 佇, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 佇, 壏 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 佇, 踮 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 在 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 在, 壏, 放 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 著 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 在 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 在, 壏 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 佇, 放 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 佇 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 著 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 在 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該, 垃浪 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 垃該, 拉 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 立垃, 勒嵌 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 垃, 垃垃 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) | 垃該 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 垃該 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 有垃, 垃該 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Qingpu) | 勒拉 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 勒, 浪, 勒浪, 勒搭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 勒勒, 勒 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 勒, 勒勒, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒篤 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 勒, 勒海, 勒拉, 勒浪 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 勒, 來勒, 勒娘, 勒裡 |
| Wu | Changshu | 勒笃, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 勒, 勒浪, 勒海 |
| Wu | Qidong | 勒 |
| Wu | Qidong (Lüsi) | 在, 來, 來該 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 勒, 勒特, 勒海, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Haimen (Sijia) | 來, 來到 |
| Wu | Rudong | 勒, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Pinghu | 勒, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒化, 來, 來海, 來浪, 來化 |
| Wu | Haining (Xiashi) | 有起霍, 有起, 有垃, 起勒, 起, 勒, 起霍 |
| Wu | Haiyan | 勒, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 勒, 勒蕩, 勒娘, 勒頭, 漏 |
| Wu | Liyang | 立 |
| Wu | Changzhou (Jintan) | 在, 則 |
| Wu | Danyang | 在, 則 |
| Wu | Jingjiang | 來, 勒 |
| Wu | Jiangyin | 勒, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Gaochun) | 來, 拉, 垃, 得, 擱 |
| Wu | Huzhou | 拉 |
| Wu | Deqing | 垃, 垃好, 來該, 來東, 拉好, 有好 |
| Wu | Deqing (Geting) | 拉 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 勒, 勒哈, 來搭, 來東, 在 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Lin'an) | 來, 來埭, 來同 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 勒, 勒裡, 勒帶, 勒底 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) | 來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯 |
| Wu | Tonglu | 來, 來裡, 來夯 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 來帶, 來埭, 來東, 來同, 來夯, 帶, 埭, 東, 同, 夯 |
| Wu | Shaoxing (Keqiao) | 來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯 |
| Wu | Zhuji | 來克, 來客, 勒克, 勒客, 克, 客 |
| Wu | Shengzhou | 來, 來帶, 來東, 來夯 |
| Wu | Xinchang | 來固, 來蒙, 來頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 來, 來勒, 來的, 來對, 來東, 來當, 來該 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Zhenhai) | 來 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Beilun) | 來, 來該, 來的, 來對, 來當 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Yinzhou) | 立該, 來, 來的, 來該 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 來, 得, 來浪 |
| Wu | Ninghai | 來的 |
| Wu | Zhoushan (Dinghai) | 勒 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 是 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 在 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 在 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 在 |
* (the process of):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 正在, 刻正 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 正在, 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 正在, 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 正在, 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 正在, 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 在 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 喺度 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 在該, 當在 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 當, 在該 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 在該 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 在該 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 在該 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 正在, 在遐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 著𡅏, 𡅏 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 著𡅏 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 著𡅏 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 佇, 佇咧 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 佇咧, 咧 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 在 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 在 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 來, 來的, 來該, 來當, 來東, 來勒 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 是, 是搭 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 著 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 著 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 著 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 著 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 著 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 著 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 著 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 著 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 著 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 著 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 倒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 倒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 倒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 倒, 穩 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 著 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 緊 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 緊 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 緊 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 倒 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 等 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 等 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 等 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 等 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 緊 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 等 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 緊 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 著 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 緊 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勒海, 勒該 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 勒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 的, 該, 當, 東, 仔, 勒眼 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 底, 的 rare, 該, 當, 仔, 勒眼 |

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lei (lei$^5$／lei$^0$)
    (Zhuyin): ˙ㄌㄟ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lei
*** Zhuyin: ˙ㄌㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: le̊i
*** Wade–Giles: lei$^5$
*** Yale: lei
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .lei
*** Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /leɪ̯/

#### Definitions

勒
* Alternative form of 嘞 (“modal particle”)

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 勒 – see 捩 (“(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pick up something with one's fingertips, especially with one's thumb and forefinger”). (This character is a variant form of 捩).

### References

* “勒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* halter and bit

#### Readings

* Go-on: ろく (roku)
* Kan-on: ろく (roku)
* Kun: くつわ (kutsuwa, 勒)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 勒
* ろく Hyōgai
* on'yomi
Middle Chinese 勒 (lək̚)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ろく [róꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɾo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

勒(ろく) • (roku)
* bit (metal in horse's mouth)
* (calligraphy) the horizontal stroke; the second of the Eight Principles of Yong
    Hypernym: 永字八法
    Coordinate terms: 側, 勒, 努, 趯, 策, 掠, 啄, 磔

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

勒 (eumhun 굴레 륵 (gulle reuk), word-initial (South Korea) 굴레 늑 (gulle neuk))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

勒: Hán Nôm readings: lặc, lắc, lấc, lật, lất
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.