# cuma
## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

From Arabic جُمْعَة (jumʕa).

### Noun

cuma
* Friday

## Dalmatian
### Etymology

From Latin commāter.

### Noun

cuma
* godmother

### References

* Bartoli, Matteo (1906) Il Dalmatico: Resti di un’antica lingua romanza parlata da Veglia a Ragusa e sua collocazione nella Romània appenino-balcanica, Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, published 2000

## Galician
### Noun

cuma f (feminine plural cumas, masculine cum, masculine plural cuns)
* reintegrationist spelling of cunha

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* tjoema (1901–1947)
* tjuma (1947–1972)

### Etymology

From Malay cuma, from Tamil சும்மா (cummā, “lazily, idly, leisurely; just for fun, without any reason, just because”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃuma/ [ˈt͡ʃu.ma]
* Rhymes: -uma
* Syllabification: cu‧ma

### Adverb

cuma
* only, merely
    Synonyms: hanya, saja
* (colloquial) but
    Synonym: tapi

#### Derived terms

* bercuma
* cuma-cuma
* mempercumakan
* percuma

### Further reading

* “cuma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian чума (čuma).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃumɑ/, [ˈt͡ʃumɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃumɑ/, [ˈt͡ʃumɑ]
* Rhymes: -umɑ
* Hyphenation: cu‧ma

### Noun

cuma
* plague (disease)
** 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. I. Molotsova, Loonnontiito (ensimäin osa): oppikirja alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 90:Miljonija väkkiä kooli ruikon, halerin, cuman epidemian aikaan.Millions of people died during the time of the epidemic of pox, cholera, the plague.

#### Declension
## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish cummae, from Proto-Celtic *kombeyom.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /ˈkʊmˠə/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ˈkʌmˠə/

### Noun

cuma f (genitive singular cuma, nominative plural cumaí)
* shape, form; appearance, look, effect

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
cuma
cumaí
vocative
a chuma
a chumaí
genitive
cuma
cumaí
dative
cuma
cumaí
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an chuma
na cumaí
genitive
na cuma
na gcumaí
dative
leis an gcuma don chuma
leis na cumaí :

#### Derived terms

* ar an gcuma chéanna (“similarly”)
* ar an gcuma sin (“in that respect”)
* ar aon chuma (“at any rate”)
* ar chuma (“in the manner of, like”)
* ar chuma ar bith (“at any rate”)
* de réir cuma (“apparently”)
* leathchuma (“partiality, unfairness”)

### Adjective

cuma
* (with copula) equal, the same; unimportant

#### Derived terms

* ar nós cuma/chuma liom (“indifferent”)
* is cuma (“it doesn't matter”)
** is cuma liom (“it is all the same to me; I don't care”)
** is cuma duit (“it doesn’t matter to you; it is none of your business”)
* nach cuma? (“so what?”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cummae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 65, page 34
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 291, page 104

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cuma”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “cuma”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “cuma”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Kanakanabu
### Noun

cuma
* father

## Kikuyu
### Alternative forms

* cuuma

### Etymology

Borrowed from Swahili chuma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(t)ɕùːmà(ꜜ)/
    This u is pronounced long.
    As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 1 with a disyllabic stem, together with ndaka, and so on.
* (Kiambu)
** (Limuru) As for Tonal Class, Yukawa (1981) classifies this term into a group including cindano, huko, iburi, igego, igoti, ini (pl. mani), inooro, irigũ, irũa, iturubarĩ (pl. maturubarĩ), kĩbaata, kĩmũrĩ, kũgũrũ, mũciĩ, mũgeni, mũgũrũki, mũmbirarũ, mũndũ, mũri, mũthuuri, mwaki (“fire”), mwario (“way of speaking”), mbogoro, nda, ndaka, ndigiri, ngo, njagathi, njogu, nyondo (“breast(s)”), and so on.

### Noun

cuma class 9 (plural macuma) or cuma class 9/10 (plural cuma)
* iron, steel

#### Derived terms

(Nouns)
* gĩcuma class 7

#### See also

* kĩgera

### References

* 1 2 3 “cuma” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 74. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
* ↑ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /t͡ʃumə/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /t͡ʃuma/
* Rhymes: -umə, -mə, -ə
* Rhymes: -a

### Etymology 1

From Tamil சும்மா (cummā).

#### Adverb

cuma (Jawi spelling چوما)
* only, merely

##### Synonyms

* hanya / هاڽ

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

cuma (Jawi spelling چوما)
* vain, useless

### Derived terms

* percuma

### References

* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “چوم tjoema”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, pages 2, 7
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “چوم choma”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 273
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “chuma”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 240

### Further reading

* “cuma” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kumô, equivalent to cuman +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈku.mɑ/

### Noun

cuma m
* guest
** c. 973, Æthelwold, translation of the Rule of Saint Benedict
    Fēower and fīftiġ. Be cumena andfenġe.54. On the receiving of guests.
** c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Greater Litany"
    Wē sind eall cuman on þissum līfe, and ūre eard nis nā hēr, ac wē sind hēr swelċe weġfērende menn. Ān cymþ, ōðer færeþ. Sē biþ ācenned, sē ōðer forþfæreþ and rȳmþ him setl.We are all guests in this life, and our home is not here, but we're here as wayfaring people. One person comes, another goes. One is born, another dies and makes them room.
* stranger
** c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 25:35
    Iċ wæs cuma and ġē mē inn laðodon.I was a stranger and you invited me in.

#### Declension

Weak:

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle High German zoum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡su.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uma
* Syllabification: cu‧ma

### Noun

cuma f
* (nautical) hawser (mooring rope)

#### Derived terms

* cumować
* cumownica
* cumownik
* cumowy

### Further reading

* cuma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* cuma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Portugal) IPA: /ku.mɐ/
* Hyphenation: cu‧ma

### Contraction

cuma f sg
* (Portugal, informal) Contraction of com uma (“with a (feminine)”): feminine of cum
    Tou cuma fome!I'm so hungry!(literally, “I'm with a hunger!”)

## Spanish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkuma/ [ˈku.ma]
* Rhymes: -uma
* Syllabification: cu‧ma

### Noun

cuma m (plural cumas)
* (slang, Chile) rascal, common, vulgar person
    Synonyms: flaite, chulo, ordinario, rasca, punga

### Further reading

* “cuma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Ternate
### Etymology

From Malay cuma, from Tamil சும்மா (cummā).

### Adverb

cuma
* only, merely

#### Synonyms

* duga

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish جُمْعَه (cüma, “Friday”), from Classical Persian جُمْعَه (jum'a, “Friday”), from Arabic الْجُمْعَةُ f (al-jumʕatu, “Friday”).
Compare also Azerbaijani cümə, Uzbek juma, Kazakh жұма (jūma), etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒu.mɑː/, [d͡ʒu.mɑ̈ː]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: cu‧ma

### Noun

cuma (definite accusative cumayı, plural cumalar)
* Friday

#### Declension
### See also

Days of the week in Turkish · haftanın günleri (layout · text) :
| pazar | pazartesi | salı | çarşamba | perşembe | cuma | cumartesi |