# 斗

| 斗 | U+6597, &#26007; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6597 |
| ← 斖 [U+6596] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 斘 → [U+6598] |
| ⽃ | U+2F43, &#12099; KANGXI RADICAL DIPPER |
| ← ⽂ [U+2F42] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽄ → [U+2F44] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 闘 |
| Simplified | 斗 |
| Traditional | 鬥/鬭 |

### Han character

斗 (Kangxi radical 68, 斗+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜十 (YJ), four-corner 3400$_0$, composition ⿽⿻㇀丨⺀)
* Kangxi radical #68, ⽃.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/斗
* 呌, 㘰, 㞳, 㳆, 阧, 枓, 炓, 㸯, 㺶, 䀞, 科, 紏, 蚪, 䚵(𬣟), 酙, 鈄(钭)
* 䢏, 魁, 乧, 㖍, 戽, 閗(𫔯), 鬦
* 𬽫, 𢗸, 𭷾, 𪰍, 𭮃, 𤓺, 𦙒, 𤯘, 𥐿, 𧘞, 𭑎, 𧴼, 𧿫, 𬻢, 𫖗, 𬖠, 𩫄, 𩰮, 𩵬, 𩿚, 𪌉, 𣙞, 𪖘, 𮯁, 𰂤
* 𡯏, 𣬯, 𧠕, 﨣, 𠒚, 𩑯, 𬷄, 𣃜, 𥁇, 𡗴, 𡰷, 𦮜, 𫁵, 𮪿, 𪚛

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 477, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13489
* Dae Jaweon: page 835, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2252, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6597

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斗 :
| Shang | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 斗 | *toːʔ |
| 抖 | *toːʔ |
| 蚪 | *toːʔ |
| 枓 | *toːʔ, *tjoʔ |
| 阧 | *toːʔ |
| 斢 | *tʰoːʔ |
| 鈄 | *tʰoːʔ |
Pictogram (象形) (Shuowen), indicating a ladle-shaped dou used to measure grain (see below) held by hand. See also 升.

### Etymology 1

Pronunciations 1 (“dipper, ladle”) and 2 (“water ladle”) are cognate. Variant character: 枓 (zhǔ, “ladle”). They probably belong to the same word family as 注 (OC *tjos, “to pour”), as a derived noun. Within Sino-Tibetan, compare Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “water”), འཆུ ('chu, “to scoop up, to ladle water”) and Burmese တို့ (tui., “to dip; large basket”).

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dǒu (dou$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dou$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dau$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): eu$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): deu$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): téu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): dêu$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dou$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): dě
* Eastern Min (BUC): dāu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): táu / tó͘ / tió
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dou$^3$ / dao$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$teu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǒu
*** Wade–Giles: tou$^3$
*** Yale: dǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: doou
*** Palladius: доу (dou)
*** Sinological IPA : /toʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: dou$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dou
*** Sinological IPA : /təu⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dau$^2$
*** Yale: dáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐu̯³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: eu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /eu⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: deu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɛu²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: téu
*** Hakka Romanization System: deu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: deu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /teu̯³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: dêu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /teu³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: dou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /təu⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dě
*** Sinological IPA : /te²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dāu
*** Sinological IPA : /tau³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: táu
*** Tâi-lô: táu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dao
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tau⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó͘
*** Tâi-lô: tóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dor
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tió
*** Tâi-lô: tió
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dioir
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tio⁵⁵⁴/
* táu - vernacular;
* tó͘/tió - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tuwX
Rime :
| Character | 斗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 當口切 |
| Baxter | tuwX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /təu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /təu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /təu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /təw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /təu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tə̯u$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dǒu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dau$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*toːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 斗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dǒu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tuw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁoʔ/ |
| English | bushel; ladle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 斗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2451 |
| Phonetic component | 斗 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 斗 |
| Old Chinese | /*toːʔ/ |

##### Definitions

斗
* 斗 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 斗 (Cantonese)
* (historical) A dipper or cup-like object, used in ancient China as a wine vessel.
** 斗量 ― dǒuliàng ― to measure with dou; numerous
** 斗筲 ― dǒushāo ― dou and xiao; humble; insignificant
* Any dou-shaped object; dipper, ladle.
    漏斗 ― lòudǒu ― funnel
    熨斗 ― yùndǒu ― flatiron
** 煙斗／烟斗 ― yāndǒu ― tobacco pipe
** 風斗／风斗 ― fēngdǒu ― wind scoop
** 水斗 ― shuǐdǒu ― water ladle
** 墨斗 ― mòdǒu ― carpenter's ink marker
** 抽斗 ― chōudǒu ― drawer
** 斗笠 ― dǒulì ― wide-brimmed rain hat
** 斗篷 ― dǒupéng ― cape, cloak
* Round or spiral shaped; fingerprint (a dactylogram)
* A unit of dry measure (for grains, especially rice) roughly equal to 1 decaliter.
* A unit of measure based on dou.
** 升斗 ― shēngdǒu ― sheng and dou; a small amount
* (figurative) small, short, narrow (as with a dipper)
** 斗室 ― dǒushì ― small room
* (figurative) big, high, to be full of (as with a dipper)
** 斗膽／斗胆 ― dǒudǎn ― venture; boldly
* Stars in general.
** 星斗 ― xīngdǒu ― stars
* (北斗) The Big Dipper, an asterism of seven stars.
** 星移斗轉／星移斗转 ― xīngyídǒuzhuǎn ― passage of time
** 泰斗 ― tàidǒu ― the leading authority
* (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Dipper (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
* (南斗) A subconstellation of the above mansion, consisting of six stars.
* (小北斗) The Little Dipper, a constellation of six stars.
* A Chinese constellation (星官) consisting of five stars.
* Short for 刁斗 (“cauldron, cymbal”).
* Short for 科斗 (“tadpole”).
* (斗姆) Doumu, a goddess in Taoism.
* Alternative form of 枓 (dǒu, “the system of wood brackets on the top of a column supporting the crossbeam”)
** 斗拱 ― dǒugǒng ― corbel bracket
* Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “steep, cliffy”)
* Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “suddenly, in a sudden”)
* Alternative form of 抖 (dǒu, “to tremble, to shake off”)

##### Compounds

* 一天星斗
* 三斗坪 (Sāndǒupíng)
* 不為五斗米折腰 (bù wèi wǔ dǒu mǐ zhéyāo)
* 久仰山斗
* 五斗折腰
* 五斗櫃 (wǔdǒuguì)
* 五斗米
* 五斗米道
* 五斗解酲
* 便斗 (biàndǒu)
* 八斗之才
* 八斗子
* 八斗才 (bādǒucái)
* 八斗陳思
* 公斗
* 冰斗 (bīngdǒu)
* 刁斗
* 北斗 (Běidǒu)
* 北斗七星 (Běidǒu Qīxīng)
* 升斗
* 升斗之祿
* 升斗小民
* 南箕北斗
* 告天拜斗
* 大斗
* 大斗小秤
* 孔章望斗
* 家無斗儲 / 家无斗储
* 尺寸斗粟
* 尺布斗粟
* 尺板斗食
* 山斗 (shāndòu)
* 巴斗 (bādǒu)
* 志沖斗牛
* 戽斗 (hùdǒu)
* 才儲八斗
* 才當曹斗
* 才高八斗 (cáigāobādǒu)
* 打筋斗
* 折腰五斗
* 折腰升斗
* 抽斗 (chōudǒu)
* 拜斗
* 拋輾斗 / 抛辗斗 (pha-liàn-táu) (Min Nan)
* 捙畚斗 (chhia-pùn-táu) (Min Nan)
* 掛斗 (guàdǒu)
* 掊斗折衡
* 搬斗
* 摔筋斗
* 文章星斗
* 斗儲
* 斗六 (Dǒuliù)
* 斗升
* 斗升之水
* 斗升之祿
* 斗南 (Dǒunán)
* 斗南一人
* 斗城
* 斗大
* 斗姥 (Dǒumǔ)
* 斗姥元君 (Dǒumǔ Yuánjūn)
* 斗子
* 斗室 (dǒushì)
* 斗室生輝
* 斗居 (dǒujū)
* 斗山 (Dǒushān)
* 斗帳
* 斗府
* 斗店
* 斗拱
* 斗斛之祿
* 斗方
* 斗方名士
* 斗杓
* 斗杓東指
* 斗杓轉勢 / 斗杓转势
* 斗柄
* 斗栱
* 斗極
* 斗概
* 斗渠
* 斗湖堤 (Dǒuhúdī)
* 斗然
* 斗燈
* 斗牛 (dǒuniú)
* 斗笠 (dǒulì)
* 斗筲
* 斗筲之人
* 斗筲之器
* 斗筲之徒
* 斗筲之才
* 斗筲之材
* 斗筲之輩
* 斗筲小器
* 斗筲役
* 斗筲穿窬
* 斗箕
* 斗篷 (dǒupeng)
* 斗粟囊金
* 斗粟尺布
* 斗紋
* 斗絕
* 斗絕一隅
* 斗膽 (dǒudǎn)
* 斗蓬裝
* 斗藪
* 斗車
* 斗轉參橫 / 斗转参横
* 斗轉星移 (dǒuzhuǎnxīngyí)
* 斗酒 (dǒujiǔ)
* 斗酒學士
* 斗酒百篇
* 斗酒隻雞 / 斗酒只鸡
* 斗重山齊
* 斗量車載 / 斗量车载
* 斗門 (dǒumén)
* 斗頓
* 斗食
* 斗香
* 斗魁
* 斗齋
* 日進斗金
* 星斗 (xīngdǒu)
* 星移斗轉
* 栽觔斗
* 橡斗
* 步斗踏罡
* 步罡踏斗
* 氣克斗牛
* 氣吞牛斗
* 氣沖斗牛 / 气冲斗牛
* 氣沖牛斗 / 气冲牛斗
* 沒量斗
* 泰山北斗 (tàishānběidǒu)
* 泰斗 (tàidǒu)
* 漏斗 (lòudǒu)
* 漏斗器
* 漏斗管
* 滴水漏斗
* 火斗
* 無梁斗
* 煙斗 (yāndǒu)
* 熅斗
* 熨斗 (yùndǒu)
* 玉斗
* 珠斗爛班
* 畚斗 (běndǒu)
* 番張跟斗
* 科斗文
* 科斗書
* 秤平斗滿
* 移星換斗
* 積金至斗
* 穿跟斗
* 笆斗 (bādǒu)
* 筋斗
* 筋斗雲
* 筲斗
* 箕斗
* 紫微斗數 (zǐwēidǒushù)
* 維斗
* 翻筋斗 (fān jīndǒu)
* 翻跟斗
* 翻過筋斗
* 老斗
* 腮斗
* 膽大如斗
* 菸斗 (yāndǒu)
* 菸斗絲 / 烟斗丝
* 觔斗
* 觔斗雲 / 斤斗云
* 豐城貫斗 / 丰城贯斗
* 車斗
* 車載斗量 / 车载斗量 (chēzàidǒuliàng)
* 金印如斗
* 金斗 (jīndǒu)
* 銅斗兒 / 铜斗儿
* 銅斗家私
* 銅斗家計 / 铜斗家计
* 錢過北斗 / 钱过北斗
* 鐎斗
* 門斗
* 阿斗 (ādǒu)
* 雙柑斗酒
* 電熨斗 (diànyùndǒu)
* 風斗
* 香斗
* 墨斗 (mòdǒu)
* 墨斗魚 (mòdǒuyú)

##### Descendants

(Unit of dry measure)
* → Tocharian B: tau

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǔ (zhu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^3$
*** Yale: jǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juu
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*toʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 斗 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyu$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*toʔ/ |
| English | ladle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

##### Definitions

斗
* A unit of measure for liquids.
* Alternative form of 枓 (“ladle or spoon used for scooping water”)
* Alternative form of 主 (“master, God”)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 斗 – see 鬥 (“to fight; to struggle; to make animals fight; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 鬥).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 斗 – see 陡 (“steep; sloping; abruptly; suddenly; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 陡).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): táu
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: táu
*** Tâi-lô: táu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tau⁴¹/

#### Definitions

斗
* (Hokkien) time; an instance or occurrence

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 度 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 次, 回, 遍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 次 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 次 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 次 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 次 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 次, 回 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 回 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 回 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 回 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 回, 摩, 次 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 次 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 次 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 次 |
| Cantonese | Rongxian | 次 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 次, 擺 |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 次, 擺 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 次, 擺 |
| Cantonese | Bangkok (Guangfu) | 次 |
| Cantonese | Betong (Rongxian) | 擺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 次, 回 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 次 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 擺 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 擺 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 次 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 次 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 輪 |
| Hakka | Changting | 回 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 下, 到 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 回 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 擺, 到 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 擺, 到 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 擺, 到 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 擺, 到 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 擺, 到 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 擺, 回 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 次 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 擺 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 次 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 匝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 擺, 斗 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 擺 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 擺, 斗 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 擺 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 擺, 斗 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 次, 擺 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 擺, 改, 斗 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 斗 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 擺 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 擺 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 匝, 過 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 匝, 過, 擺, 昤 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 次, 匝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 擺, 匝 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 回 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 下, 次 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 遍 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 次 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 次, 埭, 趟, 頓, 遍, 場, 轉, 下 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 趟, 頓, 場 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 趟, 頓, 場 |
| Wu | Danyang | 頓, 場 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 埭, 趟, 頓, 通 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 回, 埭, 卯, 遭 dated, 記 |

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tauh
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tauh
*** Tâi-lô: tauh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dauq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tauʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tauʔ⁵/

#### Definitions

斗
* (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) snare; trap (especially with a trigger)
* (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to snare; to catch in a trap; to ensnare
* (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, possibly dated) to catch between two sticks
* (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, possibly dated) to fasten a latch or small bolt
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, in general, possibly dated) to engage a trigger with a click sound (of a gun, trap, etc.)
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, in general, possibly dated) device with a trigger

#### Compounds

* 張斗
* 張斗仔
* 斗仔
* 斗火雞
* 斗紐
* 枝斗仔
* 火舌斗
* 老鼠斗
* 老鼠斗仔
* 虼蚻斗
* 銃斗
* 門斗
* 門斗仔
* 鳥仔斗
* 鳥斗

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* a unit of liquid measure

#### Readings

* Go-on: つ (tsu)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kan’yō-on: と (to, Jōyō)
* Kun: ます (masu, 斗)、ひしゃく (hishaku, 斗)、とます (tomasu, 斗)

#### Compounds

* 北(ほく)斗(と) (hokuto): the Big Dipper; the North Star

### Noun

斗(と) • (to)
* an obsolete unit of liquid measure equal to about 18 liters (18,000 cm³)

## Korean
### Hanja

斗 (eumhun 말 두 (mal du))
* hanja form of 두 (“measure of about 18 liters; such measuring vessel”)
* hanja form of 두 (“cauldron; cymbal”)
* hanja form of 두 (“dipper, ladle”)
* hanja form of 두 (“asterism around Polaris such as Big Dipper and Little Dipper”)

#### Synonyms

* (cauldron): 刁

#### Coordinate terms

* (unit): 合 (홉, hob, $^1$⁄$_{100}$ mal); 升 (승, seung, $^1$⁄$_{10}$ mal); 石 (섬, seom, 10-20 mal)

#### Compounds

* 大斗 (대두, daedu)
* 小斗 (소두, sodu)
* 刁斗 (조두, jodu)
* 北斗 (북두, bugdu)
* 南斗 (남두, namdu)

### References

* 斗 (국제퇴계학회)

## Old Korean
### Pronunciation

Reconstructed *twu- after both the Middle Korean reflex and the Sino-Korean reading.

### Verb

斗 (*twu-)
* to possess, to have
** c. 1170, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Avatamsaka Sutra, vol. 35, pages 12:02—03:當天下[有]TANG-hwo-n to-y-n THYEN.HA-r twu-si-wo-myeNow in this moment, [I] possess all under heaven(N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed terms were ignored when read.)
** c. 1170, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Avatamsaka Sutra, vol. 35, pages 26:11—12:十 種無盡$^乙$[有]YEl KAc MWU.CIN-ur twu-eIt has ten kinds of inexhaustibilities(N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed terms were ignored when read.)

#### Descendants

* Middle Korean: 두다〮 (twùtá, “to place”)
** Korean: 두다 (duda, “to place”)

### References

* 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 76—84

## Vietnamese
### Han character

斗: Hán Nôm readings: đẩu, đấu, điếu, tẩu

### Noun

斗
* chữ Hán form of đẩu (“(occurs in compounds only, see 斗 (pronunciation 1) for a full list of definitions)”).
* (classifier cái) 斗 chữ Nôm form of đấu (“dipper, ladle, scoop”).
* chữ Nôm form of tẩu (“tobacco pipe”).

#### Derived terms

* 北斗 (Bắc Đẩu) ("The Big Dipper")
* 小斗 (tiểu đẩu) ("Ursa Minor")
* 斗山 (đẩu sơn) ("leading authority")
* 泰斗 (thái đẩu) ("leading authority")