# spes
## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* spesu

### Etymology

From Latin spissus. Compare Italian spesso.

### Adjective

spes m (feminine singular speasã, masculine plural spesh, feminine plural speasi or spease)
* thick

#### Synonyms

* des
* picnos

## Icelandic
### Adjective

spes (indeclinable)
* special, often in an odd way
    Vinkona þín var svakalega spes.Your friend was really special.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *spēs, from Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s (“prosperity”), from *speh₁- (“to succeed, prosper”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈspeːs/, [ˈs̠peːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈspes/, [ˈspɛs]

### Noun

spēs f (genitive speī); fifth declension
* hope (belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen)
    Dum anima est, spēs est. ― As long as there is life, there is hope.
* expectation, anticipation, apprehension (act or state of looking forward to an event as about to happen)
** 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.5:ab initio Faustulo spes fuerat regiam stirpem apud se educariFrom the beginning there was an expectation for Faustulus that he was bringing up the children of the royal blood

#### Declension

Fifth-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* exspēs
* spēcula

#### Related terms

* spērō

#### Descendants

* Italian: spene, speme (latinized)
* → Dutch: in spe
* → German: in spe

### References

* “spes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “spes”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "spes", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* spes in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt a promising youth: adulescens bonae (egregiae) spei to cherish a hope: spem habere to cherish a hope: spe duci, niti, teneri I have great hopes that..: magna me spes tenet (with Acc. c. Inf.) (Tusc. 1. 41. 97) to conceive a hope: in spem venire, ingredi, adduci to conceive a hope: spem concipere animo to revive a hope: spem redintegrare (B. G. 7. 25) to inspire any one with hope: spem alicui facere, afferre, inicere to awaken new hope in some one: ad spem aliquem excitare, erigere to inspire some one with the most brilliant hopes: in maximam spem aliquem adducere (Att. 2. 22. 3) to induce some one to take a brighter view of things: in meliorem spem, cogitationem aliquem inducere (Off. 2. 15. 53) to lead some one to expect..: spem proponere alicui a ray of hope shines on us: spes affulget (Liv. 27. 28) to rouse a vain, groundless hope in some one's mind: spem falsam alicui ostendere to deprive a person of hope: spem alicui adimere, tollere, auferre, eripere to cut off all hope: spem praecīdere, incidere (Liv. 2. 15) to lose hope: spem perdere to lose hope: spe deici, depelli, deturbari expectation is overthrown: spes ad irritum cadit, ad irritum redigitur to give up hoping: spem abicere, deponere to be misled by a vain hope: inani, falsa spe duci, induci hope has played me false: spes me frustratur hope is vanishing by degrees: spes extenuatur et evanescit to deceive a person's hope: spem alicuius fallere (Catil. 4. 11. 23) to weaken, diminish a person's hope: spem alicui or alicuius minuere to strengthen a person in his hopes: spem alicuius confirmare to entertain a hope: spem alere to set one's hope on some one: spem habere in aliquo to set one's hope on some one: spem suam ponere, collocare in aliquo to hover between hope and fear: inter spem metumque suspensum animi esse contrary to expectation: praeter spem, exspectationem
* “spes”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “spes”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN