# سابق
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of سَبَقَ (sabaqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saː.biq/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

سَابِق • (sābiq) (feminine سَابِقَة (sābiqa), masculine plural سَابِقُون (sābiqūn) or سُبَّاق (subbāq), feminine plural سَابِقَات (sābiqāt) or سَوَابِق (sawābiq), elative أَسْبَق (ʔasbaq))
* previous, preceding, prior
    حَلْقةُ البَرْنامَجِ السابِقةُḥalqatu l-barnāmaji s-sābiqatuthe program’s previous episode
* former
    الرَئِيسُ السابِقُ ― ar-raʔīsu s-sābiqu ― the former president
* active participle of سَبَقَ (sabaqa).

#### Usage notes

* In certain expressions, the adjective is commonly prepositioned in a genitive construction, e.g. دُونَ سابِقِ إنْذارٍ (dūna sābiqi ʔinḏārin, “without prior warning”), دُونَ سابِقِ مَعْرِفةٍ (dūna sābiqi maʕrifatin, “without prior knowledge”).

#### Antonyms

* لَاحِق (lāḥiq)
* تَالِي (tālī)

#### Descendants

* South Levantine Arabic: سابق
* → Azerbaijani: sabiq
* → Ottoman Turkish: سابق (sabık)
** Turkish: sabık
* → Persian: سابق
** → Bengali: সাবেক (sabek)
** → Urdu: سابق (sābiq)
** → Uzbek: sobiq
* → Uyghur: سابىق (sabiq)

### Verb

سَابَقَ • (sābaqa) III (non-past يُسَابِقُ (yusābiqu), verbal noun سِبَاق (sibāq) or مُسَابَقَة (musābaqa))
* to race

#### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سابق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen.

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic سَابَقَ (sābaqa).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saː.baɡ/

#### Verb

سابق • (sābag) III (non-past يِسابق (yisābig))
* to race

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic سَابِق (sābiq).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saː.biɡ/

#### Adjective

سابق • (sābig) (feminine سابْقة (sābga), common plural سابْقين (sabgīn))
* ahead of
* former

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَابِق (sābiq).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sɑː.ˈβiq]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɑː.bɪ́q]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɑː.bɪ́q]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sɑː.bɪ́q]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sɔː.bíq]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sɒː.béɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sɔ.bíq]

### Adjective

سابق • (sâbeq)
* former, precedent

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: সাবেক (sabek)
* → Urdu: سابق (sābiq)
* → Uzbek: sobiq

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سَابَقَ (sābaqa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Urban) /saː.baʔ/, [ˈsæː.baʔ]
* IPA: (Bedouin) /saː.baɡ/, [ˈsæː.baɡ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

سابق • (sābaʔ) III (present بسابق (bisābeʔ))
* to race

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian سابق (sābiq), from Arabic سَابِق (sābiq).

#### Adjective

سابق • (sābiq) (Hindi spelling साबिक़)
* former, prior, precedent, preceding, foregoing
* pertaining to the past; bygone, ancient
    Synonym: قَدِیم (qadīm)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian سابق (sābiq), from Arabic سَابِق (sābiq), agent noun of سَبَق (sabaq).

#### Noun

سابق • (sābiq) m (Hindi spelling साबिक़)
* lecturer
* teacher

### References

* “سابق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “سابق”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.