# 剡

| 剡 | U+5261, &#21089; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5261 |
| ← 剠 [U+5260] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 剢 → [U+5262] |

## Translingual
### Han character

剡 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火火中弓 (FFLN), four-corner 9280$_0$, composition ⿰炎刂)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 141, character 32
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2059
* Dae Jaweon: page 321, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 346, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5261

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 倓 | *l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms |
| 緂 | *l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam |
| 毯 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ |
| 菼 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ |
| 裧 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams |
| 賧 | *l̥ʰaːms |
| 睒 | *l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ |
| 舕 | *l̥ʰaːms |
| 談 | *l'aːm |
| 郯 | *l'aːm |
| 惔 | *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
| 錟 | *l'aːm |
| 淡 | *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ |
| 痰 | *l'aːm |
| 餤 | *l'aːm |
| 啖 | *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
| 腅 | *l'aːms |
| 剡 | *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ |
| 覢 | *hljamʔ |
| 掞 | *hljams |
| 炎 | *ɦlam |
| 琰 | *lamʔ |
| 棪 | *lamʔ |
| 扊 | *lamʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ): phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). Initial *r- was re-interpreted as pre-initial and dropped; whereas doublets 磏 (OC *r(i)am, “whetstone”) and 鐮 (OC *ɡ·rem, “sickle”) retain *r-.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎn (yan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^3$
*** Yale: yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^5$
*** Yale: yíhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm¹³/
* Middle Chinese: yemX
Rime :
| Character | 剡 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以冉切 |
| Baxter | yemX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-r[a]mʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lamʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 剡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yem$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-r[a]mʔ/ |
| English | sharp; pierce |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 剡 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 14317 |
| Phonetic component | 炎 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 琰 |
| Old Chinese | /*lamʔ/ |

#### Definitions

剡
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sharp; pointed
    alt. forms: 掞, 覃
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to sharpen
* (literary, obsolete) to lift, raise
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to put forward, propose (someone); to nominate

#### Compounds

* 刻剡
* 刳剡
* 刳舟剡楫
* 剡利
* 剡剡
* 剡奏
* 剡摲 / 剡𰓼
* 剡注
* 剡移
* 剡耜
* 剡薦 / 剡荐
* 剡鋒 / 剡锋
* 剡章
* 剸剡 / 𰄞剡
* 奏剡
* 平剡
* 翠剡
* 薦剡 / 荐剡

#### See also

* 䎦 (yǎn)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Shàn (Shan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sim$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shàn
*** Wade–Giles: Shan$^4$
*** Yale: Shàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shann
*** Palladius: Шань (Šanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sim$^6$
*** Yale: sihm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sim$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xim$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːm²²/
* Middle Chinese: dzyemX
Rime :
| Character | 剡 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 時染切 |
| Baxter | dzyemX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑiam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sim$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljamʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 剡 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 14311 |
| Phonetic component | 炎 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 剡 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦljamʔ/ |

#### Definitions

剡
* a historical county of Kuaiji in Han dynasty, now 嵊州 (Shèngzhōu), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
* (～溪) Shan Creek, upper stretch of Cao'e River

#### Compounds

* 剡中
* 剡客
* 剡楮
* 剡溪
* 剡牘 / 剡牍
* 剡硾
* 剡紙 / 剡纸
* 剡藤

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 剡 – see 燄 (“blazing force; to scorch”). (This character is an obsolete form of 燄).

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 剡 – see 緂 (“to twist hemp fibers”). (This character is an obsolete form of 緂).

#### Compounds

* 剡麻

### References

* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “剡”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00228

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* sharp
* sharp-pointed
* sharpen

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えん (en)、せん (sen)、ぜん (zen)
* Kun: するどい (surudoi)、そるどくする (sorudokusuru)、けずる (kezuru)

## Korean
### Hanja

剡 (eum 섬 (seom)) 剡 (eum 염 (yeom))
* sharp