# negotium
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* negōcium (Medieval Latin)

### Etymology

From nec (“not”) +‎ ōtium (“leisure”), perhaps a calque of Ancient Greek ἀσχολίᾱ (askholíā, “lack of leisure; business, occupation”), though if indeed a calque, it is strange that the Greek was not calqued as *in-ōtium instead.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /neˈɡoː.ti.um/, [nɛˈɡoːt̪iʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /neˈɡot.t͡si.um/, [neˈɡɔt̪ː͡s̪ium]

### Noun

negōtium n (genitive negōtiī or negōtī); second declension
* business, employment, occupation, affair
    Synonyms: mūnus, ministerium, officium, cūra, cūrātiō
* (figuratively) difficulty, pains, trouble, labor
    Negotium exhibere alicui.To give trouble to someone.
    Facili negotio.With little trouble.
* (figuratively) matter, thing (= πρᾶγμα (prâgma))
    Quid est negotii?What thing is it?

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Related terms

* negōtiālis
* negōtiāns
* negōtiātiō
* negōtiātor
* negōtiolum
* negōtior
* negōtiōsus

#### Descendants

* → Asturian: negociu
* → Catalan: negoci
* → Dutch: negotie
* → English: negotiate
* → French: négoce
* → Franco-Provençal: nègoço
* → Friulian: negozi
* → Italian: negozio
* → Piedmontese: negòssi
* → Portuguese: negócio
* > Romanian: negoț (inherited)
* → Romansch: negozi
* → Spanish: negocio

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ōtium (> Derivatives > negōtium)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 437

### Further reading

* “negotium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “negotium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "negotium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* negotium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to entrust a matter to a person; to commission: mandatum, negotium alicui dare to entrust a matter to a person; to commission: negotium ad aliquem deferre to undertake an affair: negotium suscipere to execute, manage a business, undertaking: negotium obire, exsequi to arrange, settle a matter: negotium conficere, expedire, transigere to be occupied with business, busy: negotia agere, gerere to be involved in many undertakings; to be much occupied, embarrassed, overwhelmed by business-claims: multis negotiis implicatum, districtum, distentum, obrutum esse to be free from business: negotiis vacare to give a person trouble, inconvenience him: negotium alicui facessere (Fam. 3. 10. 1) it is a great undertaking to..: magnum negotium est c. Inf. without any trouble: nullo negotio business-men: homines negotii (always in sing.) gerentes good men of business: negotii bene gerentes (Quint. 19. 62) to be engaged upon a transaction, carry it out: negotium obire or exsequi to settle, finish a transaction: negotium (rem) conficere, absolvere to have commercial interests in Sicily: negotia habere (in Sicilia) to have business relations with some one: contrahere rem or negotium cum aliquo (Cluent. 14. 41) public affairs: negotia publica (Off. 1. 20. 69) to retire from public life: a negotiis publicis se removere banished from public life: gerendis negotiis orbatus (Fin. 5. 20. 57)