# media
## English
### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin media, the feminine nominative of medius (“middle”, adjective), from Proto-Italic *meðjos, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between”). In the sense of a unit of dry measure, via Spanish media. Doublet of medium, medio, and mediate.

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmiː.di.ə/, /ˈmɛ.di.ə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈmi.di.ə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːdiə

#### Noun

media (plural medias or mediae)
* (anatomy) The middle layer of the wall of a blood vessel or lymph vessel which is composed of connective and muscular tissue.
* (linguistics, dated) A voiced stop consonant.
    Antonym: tenuis
* (entomology) One of the major veins of the insect wing, between the radius and the cubitus.
* (zoology) An ant specialized as a forager in a leaf-cutter ant colony.
* (historical) Synonym of cuarto: a half-fanega, a traditional Spanish unit of dry measure equivalent to about 27.8 L

##### Usage notes

* Not to be confused with medium.

##### Synonyms

* (vein of insect wing): M

##### Derived terms

* acute otitis media
* chronic suppurative otitis media
* media archaeologist
* media archaeology
* medial
* service media
* tunica media

### Etymology 2

Latinate plural of medium, particularly as a clipping of communications media and often reinterpreted as singular or mass noun, from Latin media, neuter plural form of medius (“middle”, adjective), from Proto-Italic *meðjos, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmiːdiə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈmidi.ə/
* Rhymes: -iːdiə

#### Noun

media
* plural of medium (only in certain senses)
* (rare, nonstandard) plural of medium (“someone who supposedly conveys information from the spirit world”)
** 1852, Traverse Oldfield [pseudonym; George Whitefield Samson], “To Daimonion,” or The Spiritual Medium. Its Nature Illustrated by the History of Its Uniform Mysterious Manifestation When Unduly Excited. […], Boston, Mass.: Gould and Lincoln, […], pages 14, 36, and 39:There is, again, “the writing medium,” the man or woman influenced seeming to lose control of the right arm, when the pen or pencil is taken; […]. There is, finally, “the speaking medium,” the person influenced being lost in a swoon or trance, and then uttering strange and unaccountable sentiments and expressions. Moreover, it is now asserted as the teaching of these media, that the scenes of the Salem witchcraft, so called, were the attempts of the spirits in another world to make their presence known, and to convey communications to the living. […] Media, Persons of Nervous Organism. […] We should not disparage at all, we wish not to do so, the character of those who are generally the media. We allude not to the fact that they are generally young, and inexperienced, and females.
** 1854, Mary Howitt, compiler, “[Appendix.] Spiritual Manifestations.”, in The History of Magic. […], volume II, London: Henry G. Bohn, […], pages 491–494:[A]n alphabetic and telegraphic correspondence was established between members of the Fox family and the mysterious invisible agent. Two daughters of Mr. Fox appear to have been the principal media in the communications thus far; […] [I]t was calculated that in September, 1853, there were thirty thousand media in the United States. […] Many of the earlier media or vehicles of these communications, persons whose peculiar nervous and electric temperament was thought to favour intercourse with, departed spirits, asserted, and their friends confirmed the fact, that these invisible powers, by certain distinct knockings, corresponding to the place of the letters in the alphabet, were able to convey messages. […] [T]hese rappings assumed protean forms. They would occur […] when the feet of the media were isolated on glass stools, […]. Media with no taste for music, when impressed, would play well on the piano; […]
** 1854 February 4, Frater [pseudonym], “More from the Spirits in Buffalo”, in Spiritual Telegraph: Devoted to the Illustration of Spiritual Intercourse, volume II, number 40 (whole 92), New York, N.Y.: Partridge and Brittan, page 157, columns 4–5:At a private circle, one evening in the early part of last week, whereof the two media of whom I spoke in my last formed a part, we were directed, through the raps, to place a guitar under the table. […] At a subsequent meeting of the same persons, held at the house of Mr. B., the father of Miss B., the medium, these musical performances were all repeated, with the addition of some extra performances with a small hand-bell, which the Spirit called for.
** 1857, J. G. H. Brown, “Further Revelations as Instructions from the Celestial Powers”, in A Message from the World of Spirits, Shewing the State of Men after Death; […], London: […] Holyoake & Co., […], pages 279–280:As a confirmation of these revelations, there are several media in different parts of the world who have declared that they have seen various communications from spirits of high orders, who have declared that, for furtherance of God’s eternal will, one central medium or prophet shall be established, […]. Mr. J. Jones, of Coventry, whose son is a medium, has written an able article on this subject, which has appeared in several periodicals, and all the media candidly acknowledge that this prophet has never been revealed unto them, and as these revelations were obtained in 1854, and I had seen the accounts given by other media recently published, declaring to their being informed that a prophet should come, […] I, in August, 1856, determined to send forth the revelations received two years since respecting myself and others, in reference to our instructions upon the establishment of the New Era and the true universal church of Christ, and thus prove that the event was foretold by other media who knew nothing of me, or the affairs into which I had embarked; […]
** 1872 December 31, T. Grant, A Scientific View of Modern Spiritualism. […], London: James Burns, […], pages 6–7 and 15:[A]s media often rebel, and neglect their appointed guides, they lay themselves open to the influences of evil spirits, who appear to be always alive for mischief, as we find too much the case in the earth-life. It is not the medium alone who is thus provided with a protector; […] There are well-known media in England who have thus in a short time devoured the chief contents of whole libraries. […] I must now get on to the next class, namely, Pictorial Mediumship, which differs from the Symbolic chiefly in the circumstance that the things seen and described by the medium do not in reality exist as material facts, but are only representations, prefiguring or bodying-forth a spiritual or psychical truth. Ezekiel, Daniel, the writer of the Apocalypse, and Swedenborg are instances of Pictorial media, and there are many beautiful examples amongst modern media, of whom T. L. Harris is one of the most eminent; Judge Edmonds, of America, is another instance.
** 1972, Åke Haglund, Contact and Conflict: Studies in Contemporary Religious Attitudes among Chinese People, Lund: CWK Gleerups, →OCLC, page 191:The author visited the temple at Magazine Road, dedicated to the Nine Sovereigns, where tang-ki, media, were at the service of the public in order to communicate between the deceased and the living. […] Several media kicked a heated glowing red iron ball […]. Other media danced to and fro swinging their swords fighting the unseen demons. […] [M]ale devotees led by the media walked across the scorching coals in an act of purification. […] In Penang the day ends with a medium possessed by the “Ninth Sovereign” being carried to the beach.

#### Noun

media (countable and uncountable, plural media or medias)
* (often treated as uncountable) Means and institutions for publishing and broadcasting information.
    As a result of the rise of, first, television news and entertainment media and, second, web-based media, traditional print-based media has declined in popularity.
* (often treated as uncountable) The totality of content items (television shows, films, books, photographs, etc.) which are broadcast or published.
    Fighter pilots are depicted as cool in popular media like Top Gun.
** 2020, Jordan Raynor, Master of One: Find and Focus on the Work You Were Created to Do, page 161:[…] yet they are all wildly popular pieces of media, viewed by millions of Christians and non-Christians alike. Why? Because they are first and foremost masterful movies and TV shows. Their creators made something worth seeing and sharing.
* (usually with a definite article; often treated as uncountable) The journalists and other professionals who comprise the mass communication industry.
    Some celebrities dislike press conferences, where the media bombards them with questions.
* (computing) Files and data comprising material viewable by humans, but usually not plain text; audiovisual material.

##### Derived terms

* antimedia
* bimedia
* bimediality
* cybermedia
* dead media
* digital media
* drive-by media
* earned media
* electronic media
* enemedia
* Godi media
* godi media
* growing media
* hypermedia
* intermedia
* legacy media
* lost media
* Lutyens' media
* mainstream media
* mass media
* media advocacy
* media bridge
* media center
* mediacentric
* media circus
* mediacracy
* mediacrat
* mediacy
* media darling
* media democracy
* media event
* mediafan
* mediagenic
* media-historical
* media hype
* mediakin
* media kit
* medialect
* mediamacro
* mediamaking
* media outlet
* mediaperson
* mediasation
* media-savvy
* mediascape
* mediaspeak
* mediasphere
* media studies
* media stunt
* mediatic
* media whore
* MediaWiki
* mediazation
* mediot
* megamedia
* metamedia
* mixed media
* moist media
* multimedia
* new media
* news media
* nonmedia
* old media
* open media
* optical media
* polymedia
* print media
* rich media
* SOCMINT
* soft media
* transmedia
* trial by media
* viral media
* watermedia
* yellow media
* Ziomedia

##### Descendants

* Burmese: မီဒီယာ (midiya)
* Turkish: medya

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Shortening from multimedia, from multi- + media (“forms of communication”).

#### Adjective

media (not comparable)
* (computing) Clipping of multimedia.
    I have media files stored on an external hard drive.
    Adjust media sound in multiple apps

### References

* ↑ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english/media
* “media”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* media in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
* "media" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 203.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “media”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Maedi, aimed, amide, maide

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

media
* plural of medium

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From medio +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [meˈdia]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Hyphenation: me‧di‧a

### Adjective

media (accusative singular median, plural mediaj, accusative plural mediajn)
* environmental

## Finnish
### Etymology

From English media.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmediɑ/, [ˈme̞diɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ediɑ
* Hyphenation: me‧dia

### Noun

media
* media

#### Declension

Possessive forms of media (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
mediani
mediani
accusative
nom.
mediani
mediani
gen.
mediani
genitive
mediani
medioideni medioitteni mediaini $^{rare}$
partitive
mediaani
medioitani
inessive
mediassani
medioissani
elative
mediastani
medioistani
illative
mediaani
medioihini
adessive
mediallani
medioillani
ablative
medialtani
medioiltani
allative
medialleni
medioilleni
essive
medianani
medioinani
translative
mediakseni
medioikseni
abessive
mediattani
medioittani
instructive
comitative
—medioineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
mediasi
mediasi
accusative
nom.
mediasi
mediasi
gen.
mediasi
genitive
mediasi
medioidesi medioittesi mediaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
mediaasi
medioitasi
inessive
mediassasi
medioissasi
elative
mediastasi
medioistasi
illative
mediaasi
medioihisi
adessive
mediallasi
medioillasi
ablative
medialtasi
medioiltasi
allative
mediallesi
medioillesi
essive
medianasi
medioinasi
translative
mediaksesi
medioiksesi
abessive
mediattasi
medioittasi
instructive
comitative
—medioinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
mediamme
mediamme
accusative
nom.
mediamme
mediamme
gen.
mediamme
genitive
mediamme
medioidemme medioittemme mediaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
mediaamme
medioitamme
inessive
mediassamme
medioissamme
elative
mediastamme
medioistamme
illative
mediaamme
medioihimme
adessive
mediallamme
medioillamme
ablative
medialtamme
medioiltamme
allative
mediallemme
medioillemme
essive
medianamme
medioinamme
translative
mediaksemme
medioiksemme
abessive
mediattamme
medioittamme
instructive
comitative
—medioinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
medianne
medianne
accusative
nom.
medianne
medianne
gen.
medianne
genitive
medianne
medioidenne medioittenne mediainne $^{rare}$
partitive
mediaanne
medioitanne
inessive
mediassanne
medioissanne
elative
mediastanne
medioistanne
illative
mediaanne
medioihinne
adessive
mediallanne
medioillanne
ablative
medialtanne
medioiltanne
allative
mediallenne
medioillenne
essive
mediananne
medioinanne
translative
mediaksenne
medioiksenne
abessive
mediattanne
medioittanne
instructive
comitative
—medioinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
mediansa
mediansa
accusative
nom.
mediansa
mediansa
gen.
mediansa
genitive
mediansa
medioidensa medioittensa mediainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
mediaansa
medioitaan medioitansa
inessive
mediassaan mediassansa
medioissaan medioissansa
elative
mediastaan mediastansa
medioistaan medioistansa
illative
mediaansa
medioihinsa
adessive
mediallaan mediallansa
medioillaan medioillansa
ablative
medialtaan medialtansa
medioiltaan medioiltansa
allative
medialleen mediallensa
medioilleen medioillensa
essive
medianaan medianansa
medioinaan medioinansa
translative
mediakseen mediaksensa
medioikseen medioiksensa
abessive
mediattaan mediattansa
medioittaan medioittansa
instructive
comitative
—medioineen medioinensa :

#### Derived terms

* medianomi
* medioitua
* digimedia
* eetterimedia
* hybridimedia
* media-ala
* mediaimperiumi
* mediajulkisuus
* mediakasvatus
* mediakeisari
* mediakeskus
* mediakohu
* mediakriittinen
* mediakritiikki
* mediakulttuuri
* medialukutaito
* mediamoguli
* medianäkyvyys
* mediapeli
* mediapersoona
* mediaseksikäs
* mediasirkus
* mediasoitin
* mediataide
* mediataiteilija
* mediatapahtuma
* mediatiede
* mediatoimisto
* mediatoistin
* mediatutkimus
* mediayhtiö
* paperimedia
* printtimedia
* uusmedia
* vaihtoehtomedia
* valemedia
* valtamedia
* vastamedia

### Further reading

* “media”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmedja/ [ˈme.ð̞jɐ]
* Rhymes: -edja
* Hyphenation: me‧dia

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin media.

#### Noun

media f (plural medias)
* average

##### Related terms

* medio

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

media
* (reintegrationist norm) first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of medir

## Indonesian
### Etymology

* From Dutch media, from Latin media.
* Semantic loan from English media.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmedia̯]
* Hyphenation: mé‧dia

### Noun

media or média
* medium,
** the means, channel, or agency by which an aim is achieved.
** (biology) a nutrient solution for the growth.
* media,
** means and institutions for publishing and broadcasting information.
** (computing) a particular form of storage for digitized information, such as magnetic tape or discs.

#### Alternative forms

* medium

#### Derived terms

* media cetak
* media elektronik
* media film
* media interaktif
* media kontras
* media massa
* media padat
* media pendidikan
* media periklanan
* media sosial
* media tanam

### Further reading

* “media” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin media.

#### Adjective

media f sg
* feminine singular of medio

#### Noun

media f (plural medie)
* average, mean (especially an overall, average grade)

#### Noun

media m (invariable)
* media
    Synonym: mass media

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

media
* inflection of mediare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Related terms

* in media
* mediale
* mediano

### Anagrams

* edima, madie

## Latin
### Adjective

media
* inflection of medius:
** nominative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Adjective

mediā
* ablative/vocative feminine singular of medius

### References

* "media", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Northern Sami
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈmetiːa/

### Noun

media
* media

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* mediene

### Noun

media n
* definite plural of medium

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

media n
* definite plural of medium

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English (mass) media.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɛ.dja/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛdja
* Syllabification: me‧dia

### Noun

media nvir pl
* plural of medium
* media (means and institutions for publishing and broadcasting information)

#### Derived terms

* medialny

#### Related terms

* medialnie
* medialność

### Further reading

* media in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* media in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

Unadapted borrowing from English media, mass media.

#### Pronunciation

* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈmɛ.djɐ/ [ˈmɛ.ðjɐ]
* Hyphenation: me‧di‧a

#### Noun

media m pl (plural only)
* (Portugal, journalism) Alternative spelling of média (“media; mass media”)
    Synonym: (Brazil) mídia

##### Usage notes

Both media and média are used in European Portuguese, with media being the more common form, often italicized to denote the foreign origin and to distinguish it from the verb form of medir. In Brazilian Portuguese the variant mídia, in the singular, is often used.

#### References

* “media”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “media”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
* “média / media | Estrangeirismos e aportuguesamentos” in FLiP (in Portuguese)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /meˈd͡ʒi.ɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /meˈd͡ʒi.ɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /meˈd͡ʒi.a/
* (Portugal) IPA: /mɨˈdi.ɐ/ [mɨˈði.ɐ]
* Hyphenation: me‧di‧a

#### Verb

media
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of medir

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /meˈd͡ʒi.ɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /meˈd͡ʒi.ɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /meˈd͡ʒi.a/
* (Portugal) IPA: /mɨˈdi.ɐ/ [mɨˈði.ɐ]
* Hyphenation: me‧di‧a

#### Verb

media
* inflection of mediar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Etymology 4
#### Adjective

media
* feminine singular of medio

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin mediāre, from Latin medius.

### Verb

a media (third-person singular present mediază, past participle mediat) 1st conjugation
* to mediate
* to intercede, interpose

#### Related terms

* mediator

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmedja/ [ˈme.ð̞ja]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -edja
* Syllabification: me‧dia

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin media.

#### Noun

media f (plural medias)
* half (one of two equal parts of any whole)
* (historical) Synonym of cuarto, half-fanega (a traditional unit of dry measure equivalent to about 27.8 L)
* stocking (long thin leggings worn by women)
    Synonym: calceta
* (usually in the plural) pantyhose (stockings connected at the top and pulled up to the waist)
    Synonyms: panti, pantimedia
* (most of Latin America, Philippines) sock (short unisex cloth covering for feet)
    Synonym: calcetín
* (mathematics) mean, average (the arithmetic middle in a set of values)
    media geométrica ― geometric mean
* (anatomy) midline (the medial line of the human body)
* (usually with 'y') half past (especially as an indication that it is exactly 30 minutes after the hour)
    Son las cinco y media. ― It’s half past five.
    Empezamos a LA media en punto. ― We started at precisely half past LA time.

##### Usage notes

* In most of Latin America, media covers both sock and stocking as a single concept. When it is necessary to distinguish between the two, calceta is used for "stocking" and calcetín for "sock". In most of Mexico, media is only used for stockings except in reference to American baseball teams.

##### Derived terms

* chupamedias
* media armónica
* media geométrica
* media naranja
* Medias Blancas de Chicago (“Chicago White Sox”)
* Medias Rojas de Boston (“Boston Red Sox”)
* poner de vuelta y media

##### Descendants

* → Aymara: miryasa
* → Cebuano: medyas
* → Hiligaynon: medyas
* → Maguindanao: midias
* → Tagalog: medyas
* → Tausug: midyas
* → Yucatec Maya: meedias

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

media f sg
* feminine singular of medio

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

media
* inflection of mediar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “media”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Noun

media
* indefinite plural of medium
* definite plural of medium

#### Usage notes

* While formally a Latin plural, most often used as a collective or plurale tantum (e.g. mass media)

#### Derived terms

* statsmedia