# 已經
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐjīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^5$ ging$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): i$^3$ jin
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yí-kîn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yi$^3$ gin$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ī-gĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): í-keng / í-kin
    (Teochew, Peng'im): in$^2$ gêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$i-cin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐjīng → yǐjing (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄥ → ㄧˇ ˙ㄐㄧㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐji̊ng
*** Wade–Giles: i$^3$-ching$^5$
*** Yale: yǐ-jing
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yii.jing
*** Palladius: ицзин (iczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /i²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ → /i²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥iŋ⁴/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$乙腈 已經 / 已经
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^5$ ging$^1$
*** Yale: yíh gīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^5$ ging$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^5$ ging$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: i$^3$ jin
*** Sinological IPA : /i²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕin¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yí-kîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: i$^ˋ$ gin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^3$ gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i³¹ kin²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yí-kîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i$^ˋ$ gin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^3$ gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i³¹ kin²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yi$^3$ gin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i³¹ kin⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ī-gĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /i³³⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$iŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-keng
*** Tâi-lô: í-king
*** Phofsit Daibuun: y'kefng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Penang): /i⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ keŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /i⁴²⁻²⁴ keŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-kin
*** Tâi-lô: í-kin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: y'kyn
*** IPA (Longyan): /i²¹ kin³³⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: in$^2$ gêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: íⁿ keng
*** Sinological IPA : /ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$i-cin
*** MiniDict: i$^去$ cin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$i-jin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

### Adverb

已經
* already; anymore
       Xīn yǐjīng zǒu le, méiyǒu gǎnjué le, shì bùshì wǒ bù zài ài tā le? [Pinyin]
       My heart's turned cold, the feeling's gone - is it because I don't love him anymore?
       Gēmenr, nǐ yǐjīng zǒu le ma? [Pinyin]
       Dude, have you left already?
       Dāngdì jiānyù de kòngwèi yǐjīng gàoqìng. [Pinyin]
       Local prison vacancies have already been exhausted.
       Wǒ yǐjīng méi bànfǎ rěnshòu le! [Pinyin]
       I can't take it anymore!

#### Usage notes

This term functions similarly to present perfect tense in English and is, therefore, often omitted when translated.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 已, 業, 業已, 既 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 已經, 已, 業經, 業已, 已然 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 已經, 已竟, 已就 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 已經 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 已經 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 已經 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 已經 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 可價 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 已經 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 已經 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 已經 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 已經 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 已經 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 已經, 經已 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 已經, 經已 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 經已 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 應 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 已經 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 已經 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 既經 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 既經 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 既經, 已經 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 既經 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 既經 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 既經 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 已經 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 已經 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 已經 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 已經 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 已經 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 已經 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 已經 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 已經 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 已經 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 已經 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 現是, 已經 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 已經, 既已經 |

### Further reading

* “已經”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* 郭启熹 [Guo, Qixi], editor (2016), “已经”, in 龙岩方言词典 LONGYAN FANGYAN CIDIAN [Dictionary of Longyan dialect] (overall work in Min Nan and Mandarin), Xiamen: 鷺江出版社 [Lujiang Publishing House], →ISBN, page 59.