# 醒

| 醒 | U+9192, &#37266; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9192 |
| ← 醑 [U+9191] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 醓 → [U+9193] |

## Translingual
### Han character

醒 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一田日竹一 (MWAHM), four-corner 1661$_4$, composition ⿰酉星)

#### Derived characters

* 𫬞

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1285, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39936
* Dae Jaweon: page 1785, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3590, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9192

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs): semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 星 (OC *sleːŋ).

### Etymology

Cognate with 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xǐng, xīng (xing$^3$, xing$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˇ, ㄒㄧㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seng$^2$ / sing$^2$ / sing$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiang$^2$ / lhen$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siáng
    (Hailu, HRS): siang$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiang$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chāng / chiāng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ca$^3$ / caⁿ$^3$ / sing$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhíⁿ / chhéⁿ / séng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cên$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǐng
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^3$
*** Yale: syǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiing
*** Palladius: син (sin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sing
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^1$
*** Yale: syīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shing
*** Palladius: син (sin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xin$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seng$^2$ / sing$^2$ / sing$^1$
*** Yale: séng / síng / sīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: seng$^2$ / sing$^2$ / sing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séng$^2$ / xing$^2$ / xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛːŋ³⁵/, /sɪŋ³⁵/, /sɪŋ⁵⁵/
* seng2 - vernacular (“to awaken”);
* sing2 - literary (including “clever”);
* sing1 - literary, used only in poetry.
* Middle Chinese: seng, sengX, sengH
Rime :
| Character | 醒 | 醒 | 醒 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 心 (16) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 青 (125) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 桑經切 | 蘇挺切 | 蘇佞切 |
| Baxter | seng | sengX | sengH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /seŋ/ | /seŋ$^X$/ | /seŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /seŋ/ | /seŋ$^X$/ | /seŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛŋ/ | /sɛŋ$^X$/ | /sɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛjŋ/ | /sɛjŋ$^X$/ | /sɛjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /seŋ/ | /seŋ$^X$/ | /seŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /sieŋ/ | /sieŋ$^X$/ | /sieŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /sieŋ/ | /sieŋ$^X$/ | /sieŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xīng | xǐng | xìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sing$^1$ | sing$^2$ | sing$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tsʰˤeŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*seːŋ/, /*seːŋʔ/, /*seːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 醒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xǐng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ seng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-tsʰˁeŋʔ/ |
| English | wake up |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 醒 | 醒 | 醒 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 11377 | 11380 | 11382 |
| Phonetic component | 生 | 生 | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 星 | 醒 | 腥 |
| Old Chinese | /*seːŋ/ | /*seːŋʔ/ | /*seːŋs/ |

### Definitions

醒
* to sober up; to regain consciousness
    甦醒／苏醒 ― sūxǐng ― to regain consciousness
* to awaken; to wake up
    叫醒 ― jiàoxǐng ― to awaken
* to be awake
    弟弟還醒著嗎？／弟弟还醒著吗？ ― Dìdì hái xǐng zhù ma? ― Is younger brother still awake?
* to realize; to become aware of
    覺醒／觉醒 ― jiàoxǐng ― to become fully aware of something
* to be striking; to catch one's attention
    醒目 ― xǐngmù ― eye-catching
* to keep dough till it reaches the desired state of softness, evenness, etc. (after mixing it)
       Miànbāoshīfù děng le miàn xǐng hǎo le zài zhēng bāozǐ. [Pinyin]
       The baker waited until the dough became soft before steaming the buns.
* to decant (wine, etc.)
* (Cantonese) clever; intelligent; sharp
* (Cantonese) to gift
    私人醒你 [Cantonese] ― si$^1$ jan$^4$ sing$^2$ nei$^5$ [Jyutping] ― to gift you personally
* (Hokkien) Classifier for frequency of sleep.
    睏一醒／困一醒 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― khùn chi̍t chhéⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to have one sleep period

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 聰明 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 聰明 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 靈, 靈醒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 精靈, 聰明 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 聰明 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 聰明 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 聰明 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 聰明 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 聰明, 叻, 參 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 叻 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 伶俐, 叻 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 精, 扮𠮨 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 聰明, 精, 叻, 醒目, 扮𠮨 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 精靈, 聰明 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 聰明, 機靈 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 聰明, 精 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 聰明, 精 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 將 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 機靈, 聰明 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 聰明 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 聰明, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 聰明, 骨, 骨鳥 derogatory, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 聰明, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 聰明, 巧, 明白 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 聰明, 𠢕, 勥, 醒目, 巧 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 巧, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 精 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 精 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 聰明 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 聰明 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 靈, 聰明 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 靈泛, 聰明 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 聰明 |

### Compounds

* 不醒
* 不醒人事 (bùxǐngrénshì)
* 久夢初醒 / 久梦初醒
* 半睡半醒
* 叫醒 (jiàoxǐng)
* 叫醒服務 / 叫醒服务
* 喚醒 / 唤醒 (huànxǐng)
* 大夢初醒 / 大梦初醒
* 大覺醒 / 大觉醒
* 如夢初醒 / 如梦初醒 (rúmèngchūxǐng)
* 如夢方醒 / 如梦方醒 (rúmèngfāngxǐng)
* 如醉初醒
* 如醉方醒
* 定醒
* 復醒 / 复醒
* 提醒 (tíxǐng)
* 昏迷不醒
* 清醒 (qīngxǐng)
* 猛醒
* 獨醒 / 独醒
* 甦醒 / 苏醒 (sūxǐng)
* 眾人皆醉我獨醒 / 众人皆醉我独醒 (zhòngrén jiē zuì wǒ dú xǐng)
* 眾醉獨醒 / 众醉独醒
* 蘇醒 / 苏醒 (sūxǐng)
* 覺醒 / 觉醒 (juéxǐng)
* 警醒 (jǐngxǐng)
* 醒世 (xǐngshì)
* 醒世恆言 / 醒世恒言 (Xǐngshì Héngyán)
* 醒來 / 醒来 (xǐnglái)
* 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
* 醒木
* 醒狂
* 醒目 (xǐngmù)
* 醒眼 (xǐngyǎn)
* 醒睡 (xǐngshuì)
* 醒脾
* 醒覺 / 醒觉
* 醒豁
* 醒酒 (xǐngjiǔ)
* 醒酒石
* 驚醒 / 惊醒
* 點醒 / 点醒 (diǎnxǐng)

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: tỉnh (醒)

### References

* “醒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “醒”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 71.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “醒”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 265.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to wake up
* to become sober, to be disillusioned

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
* Kun: さめる (sameru, 醒める)、さます (samasu, 醒ます)

#### Compounds

* 覚醒(かくせい) (kakusei)
* 覚醒剤(かくせいざい) (kakuseizai)
* 警醒(けいせい) (keisei)

## Korean
### Hanja

醒 (eumhun 깰 성 (kkael seong))
* hanja form of 성 (“waking up; being sober”)

#### Compounds

* 각성 (覺醒, gakseong, “awakening, revival”)
* 각성제 (覺醒劑, gakseongje, “a stimulant”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

醒: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.