OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# diminished
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɪˈmɪnɪʃt/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Hyphenation: di‧min‧ished

### Verb

diminished
* simple past and past participle of diminish

### Adjective

diminished (comparative more diminished, superlative most diminished)
* lessened, reduced
    The diminished Roman Empire never recovered from the sack of Rome.
** 1942 May-June, “Notes and News: War and the American Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 184:Another well-known express to disappear on the same date was the Blue Comet of the Central of New Jersey, an all-coach luxury express which operated between New York and Atlantic City; in this case the reason is diminished patronage.
* made to seem less important, impressive, or valuable
    She felt diminished by the report card.
* (music) reduced by a semitone

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “music”): augmented

#### Coordinate terms

* (music): perfect

#### Derived terms

* bidiminished
* diminished capacity
* diminished fifth
* diminished fourth
* diminished interval
* diminished ninth
* diminished octave
* diminished radix complement
* diminished responsibility
* diminished second
* diminished seventh
* diminished seventh chord
* diminished sixth
* diminished third
* diminished triad
* diminished value
* half-diminished seventh chord
* tridiminished
* undiminished

#### Translations
### References

* “diminished”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
# colonialist
## English
### Etymology

From colonial +‎ -ist.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

colonialist (comparative more colonialist, superlative most colonialist)
* Of or pertaining to colonialism.
    Synonym: colonialistic
** 2017, Paul Thompson, Environmental Justice:Outlines of a systemic relation between society and ecology are evident with the theoretical innovations underlying the ecoimperialist and colonialist critiques.

#### Derived terms

* colonialistic

#### Translations
### Noun

colonialist (plural colonialists)
* One who supports or advocates colonialism.
** 2010 November 10, John Caramanica, “Monopoly by Marc Jacobs”, in The New York Times‎:[Marc Jacobs] is a colonialist, an extender of brands, and in very good shape.
** 2014, Olivia Williams, “Gin is the Tonic”, in Gin Glorious Gin: How Mother’s Ruin Became the Spirit of London, London: Headline Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 163:So far, the daily dose of quinine had been bitter and very unpalatable. […] To make the medicine go down more easily, colonialists occasionally mixed the powder with sugar, water and gin.

#### Derived terms

* anticolonialist
* anti-colonialist
* de-colonialist
* decolonialist
* neo-colonialist
* neocolonialist
* noncolonialist
* non-colonialist
* palaeo-colonialist
* palaeocolonialist
* paleocolonialist
* paleo-colonialist
* post-colonialist
* postcolonialist
* pre-colonialist
* precolonialist
* procolonialist
* pro-colonialist

#### Related terms

* colonial
* colonialism
* colonially
* colonisation
* colonise
* colonization
* colonize
* colony

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* oscillation

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French colonialiste, equivalent to colonial +‎ -ist.

### Adjective

colonialist m or n (feminine singular colonialistă, masculine plural colonialiști, feminine and neuter plural colonialiste)
* colonialist, colonialistic

#### Declension
### Noun

colonialist m (plural colonialiști, feminine equivalent colonialistă)
* colonialist
# Barton
## English
### Etymology

From Old English bere (“barley”) + Old English tūn (“enclosure”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈbɑː(ɹ)tən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Proper noun

Barton
* Any of many places in England:
** A hamlet in Barton and Pooley Bridge parish, Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, previously in Eden district (OS grid ref NY4826).
** A hamlet in Temple Guiting parish, Cotswold district, Gloucestershire (OS grid ref SP1025).
** A village in Preston, Lancashire (OS grid ref SD5137).
* Any of many places named after the English places, or after persons with the surname, including:
** An unincorporated community in Amador County, California.
** A ghost town and community of Fresno County, California.
** A town in Maryland.
** An unincorporated community in Deuel County, Nebraska, derived from the surname.
** A town in Tioga County, New York.
** An unincorporated community in Belmont County, Ohio.
** An unincorporated community in Clackamas County, Oregon.
** A town, village, and river in Vermont.
** A town in Wisconsin.
** A community of Nova Scotia.
* An electoral division in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
* A habitational surname from Old English from the places in England.
* A male given name transferred from the surname.

#### Derived terms

* Barton and Pooley Bridge
* Barton County
* Barton Hartshorn
* Barton Hill
* bartonite
* Barton-le-Street
* Barton-McCombie deoxygenation
* Barton-Nackman trick
* Barton reaction
* Barton St David
* Barton-under-Needwood
* Barton upon Humber
* Barton upon Irwell
* Great Barton
* Marsh Barton
* Steeple Barton

### Anagrams

* Taborn, Tabron

## Polish
### Etymology

Clipping of Bartłomiej + -on.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbar.tɔn/
* Rhymes: -artɔn
* Syllabification: Bar‧ton
* Homophone: barton

### Proper noun

Barton m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Barton f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Barton”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# Human alphaherpesvirus 3
## Translingual
### Etymology

English human +‎ English alphaherpesvirus +‎ 3 (“three”).

### Noun

Human alphaherpesvirus 3
* A taxonomic species within the family Herpesviridae – varicella zoster virus, cause of chicken pox and shingles.

#### Hypernyms

* (species): Herpesvirales – order; Herpesviridae – family; Alphaherpesvirinae – subfamily; Varicellovirus – genus

#### Descendants

* ⇒ English: human herpesvirus 3

### References

* Human alphaherpesvirus 3 on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Human alphaherpesvirus 3 on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Human alphaherpesvirus 3 on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# Airani
## Maori
### Proper noun

Airani
* Ireland (an island and country in northwestern Europe)
    Synonym: Airangi
# affligir
## Portuguese
### Verb

affligir (first-person singular present afflijo, first-person singular preterite affligi, past participle affligido)
* Pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of afligir.
** 1938, Graciliano Ramos, “Festa [Celebration]”, in Vidas Seccas [Barren Lives], Rio de Janeiro: Livraria José Olympio Editora, page 113:Ergueu-se nas pontas dos pés, mas isto lhe arrancou um grunhido: os calcanhares esfolados começavam a affligil-o.He stood on the tips of his toes, but this made him groan: his skinned heels were starting to afflict him.
# 橘子水
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): júzishuǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˊ ˙ㄗ ㄕㄨㄟˇ
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$ciuq-tsy$_5$-sy$_5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: júzishuǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ˙ㄗ ㄕㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyúzi̊hshuěi
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^2$-tzŭ$^5$-shui$^3$
*** Yale: jyú-dz-shwěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyu.tzyshoei
*** Palladius: цзюйцзышуй (czjujczyšuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$ciuq-tsy$_5$-sy$_5$
*** MiniDict: ciuih$^入$ tsy$^去$ sy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$jyq-tsr$_2$-sr$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕyɪʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

### Noun

橘子水
* orangeade
* (regional) orange juice

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 橙汁 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 柳橙汁, 柳丁汁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 橙汁 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 橙汁 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 柳丁汁 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 柳丁汁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 柳丁汁 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 柳丁汁 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 柳丁汁 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 柳丁汁 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 柳丁汁 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 柳丁汁 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 柳丁汁 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 柳丁汁 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 柳丁汁 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 橘子水, 橘子汁 |
# kailākajos
## Latvian
### Adjective

kailākajos
* definite locative masculine plural of kailāks
# maskilla
## Finnish
### Noun

maskilla
* adessive singular of maski
# punkassa
## Finnish
### Noun

punkassa
* inessive singular of punkka
# θανατηφόρο
## Greek
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /θa.na.tiˈfo.ɾo/
* Hyphenation: θα‧να‧τη‧φό‧ρο

### Adjective

θανατηφόρο • (thanatifóro)
* inflection of θανατηφόρος (thanatifóros):
** accusative masculine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
# deleterious
## English
### Alternative forms

* deletorious (now proscribed)

### Etymology

Borrowed (1640s, 1582 as deletorious) from Medieval Latin deleterius, deletorius, from Ancient Greek δηλητήριος (dēlētḗrios, “noxious, deleterious”), from δηλητήρ (dēlētḗr, “a destroyer”), from δηλέομαι (dēléomai, “I hurt, damage, spoil, waste”). Not related to delete.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌdɛl.ɪˈtɪə̯.ɹi.əs/, /ˌdɪl.ɪˈtɪə̯.ɹi.əs/
* (US) IPA: /ˌdɛ.ləˈtɪɹ.i.əs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪəɹiəs

### Adjective

deleterious (comparative more deleterious, superlative most deleterious)
* (formal) Harmful, often in a subtle or unexpected way.
    Synonyms: destructive, harmful, hurtful, injurious, noxious, pernicious; see also Thesaurus:harmful
    deleterious effects
    deleterious to someone's health
** 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “chapter XV”, in The Scarlet Letter:Or might it suffice him, that every wholesome growth should be converted into something deleterious and malignant at his touch?
** 1946 May and June, J. G. Holmes, “The North Woolwich Branch”, in Railway Magazine, page 176:A trolleybus service was established by the London Passenger Transport Board between North Woolwich and Stratford on February 6, 1938, and had a deleterious effect on railway passenger traffic.
** 2017 September, Jean M. Twenge, “Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?”, in The Atlantic‎:The advent of the smartphone and its cousin the tablet was followed quickly by hand-wringing about the deleterious effects of “screen time.” But the impact of these devices has not been fully appreciated, and goes far beyond the usual concerns about curtailed attention spans.
* (genetics) Having lower fitness.
    A deleterious mutation

#### Derived terms

* deleteriously
* deleteriousness
* nondeleterious
* undeleterious

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “deleterious”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

### Further reading

* “deleterious”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “deleterious”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “deleterious”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
# біосміття
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

біо- (bio-, “bio[logical]”) +‎ смі́ття (smíttja, “waste, rubbish”), literally meaning "biowaste".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʲiosʲˈmʲitʲːɐ]

### Noun

біосмі́ття • (biosmíttja) n inan (genitive біосмі́ття, uncountable)
* biowaste
* (derogatory, slang) a contemptible or disliked person; an asshole.
# surtar
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From surto +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /suʁˈta(ʁ)/ [suhˈta(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /suʁˈta(ʁ)/ [suhˈta(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /suɾˈta(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /suʁˈta(ʁ)/ [suχˈta(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /suɻˈta(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /suɾˈtaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /suɾˈtaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /suɾˈta.ɾi/

### Verb

surtar (first-person singular present surto, first-person singular preterite surtei, past participle surtado)
* (Brazil, informal) to go postal (to start to behave in a hysterical, angry or irrational manner)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### Further reading

* “surtar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “surtar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
# разлѫчити
## Old Church Slavonic
### Etymology

раз- (raz-) +‎ лѫчити (lǫčiti), from Proto-Slavic *lǫčiti.

### Verb

разлѫчити • (razlǫčiti) pf
* to distinguish
** from Genesis:
    и раꙁлѫчи б҃ъ междю свѣтомь и междю тьмоѭ჻i razlǫči b:ŭ meždju světomĭ i meždju tĭmojǫ჻(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to separate
** from Codex Marianus, 1103500-1103510:
    придъ бо разлѫчитъ ч꙯лвка · на о꙯тца своего ꙇ дъштерь на матерь своѭ̑ ·pridŭ bo razlǫčitŭ č:lvka · na o:tca svojego i dŭšterĭ na materĭ svojǫ̑ ·(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to divide

#### Conjugation

present tense of разлѫчити (razlǫčiti) :
| singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | dual | dual | dual | dual | dual | dual | plural | plural | plural | plural | plural | plural |
| азъ (azŭ) | азъ (azŭ) | тꙑ (ty) | тꙑ (ty) | тъ (tŭ) | тъ (tŭ) | вѣ (vě) | вѣ (vě) | ва (va) | ва (va) | та (ta) | та (ta) | мꙑ (my) | мꙑ (my) | вꙑ (vy) | вꙑ (vy) | ти (ti) | ти (ti) |
| разлѫчѫ (razlǫčǫ) | разлѫчѫ (razlǫčǫ) | разлѫчиши (razlǫčiši) | разлѫчиши (razlǫčiši) | разлѫчитъ (razlǫčitŭ) | разлѫчитъ (razlǫčitŭ) | разлѫчивѣ (razlǫčivě) | разлѫчивѣ (razlǫčivě) | разлѫчита (razlǫčita) | разлѫчита (razlǫčita) | разлѫчите (razlǫčite) | разлѫчите (razlǫčite) | разлѫчимъ (razlǫčimŭ) | разлѫчимъ (razlǫčimŭ) | разлѫчите (razlǫčite) | разлѫчите (razlǫčite) | разлѫчѫтъ (razlǫčǫtŭ) | разлѫчѫтъ (razlǫčǫtŭ) |

### Further reading

* “разлѫчити”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2025
# sevrer
## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French sevrer, inherited from Vulgar Latin *sēperāre, apophonic form of Latin sēparāre. Doublet of séparer, a borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sə.vʁe/
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Verb

sevrer
* to wean
    Sevrer son tout-petit, c’est grandir et devenir mère dans la réalité quotidienne.To wean your little one is to grow up and become a mother in everyday life.

#### Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il sèvre and the third-person singular future indicative il sèvrera.

#### Derived terms

* sevrage

### Further reading

* “sevrer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Old French
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sēperāre, apophonic form of Latin sēparāre.

### Verb

sevrer
* to separate
** c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 144, line 1632:que sun cors puise de mei sevrerthat his body may be able to separate from me
* to sever (to separate by cutting)

#### Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. This verb has a stressed present stem soivr distinct from the unstressed stem sevr. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

#### Related terms

* dessevrer
* sevrable
* sevraison
* sevrance
* sevrement

#### Descendants

* Bourguignon: sevrai
* French: sevrer
* → Middle English: severen
** English: sever
# მორზეს კოდი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [moɾzes kʼodi]
* Hyphenation: მორ‧ზეს კო‧დი

### Noun

მორზეს კოდი • (morzes ḳodi) (plural მორზეს კოდები)
* (telecommunications) Morse code

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Synonyms

* მორზეს ანბანი (morzes anbani)
# briossien
## Finnish
### Noun

briossien
* genitive plural of briossi
# doorweekte
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Participle

doorweekte
* inflection of doorweekt:
** masculine/feminine singular attributive
** definite neuter singular attributive
** plural attributive

### Verb

doorweekte
* inflection of doorweken:
** singular past indicative
** (dated or formal) singular past subjunctive
# ontcijferde
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

ontcijferde
* inflection of ontcijferen:
** singular past indicative
** (dated or formal) singular past subjunctive

### Participle

ontcijferde
* inflection of ontcijferd:
** masculine/feminine singular attributive
** definite neuter singular attributive
** plural attributive
# ikam
## Banjarese
### Etymology

Possibly taken from a substrate Dayak language, ultimately from an apocope of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu. Compare Kayan languages (unspecified) ikam.

### Pronoun

ikam
* you

### References

* ↑ Adelaar, K. Alexander (1992) Proto-Malayic: The Reconstruction of its Phonology and Parts of its Lexicon and Morphology (Pacific Linguistics, Series C, no. 119), Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National University

## Bolongan
### Alternative forms

* kikam

### Etymology

Ultimately from an apocope of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈikam/

### Pronoun

ikam
* you

### Further reading

* Adul, M. Asfandi (1985) “ikam”, in Struktur Bahasa Bulungan‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

## Dibabawon Manobo
### Noun

ikam
* mat

## Tiruray
### Noun

ikam
* mat
# ontblote
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

ontblote
* (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of ontbloten

### Participle

ontblote
* inflection of ontbloot:
** masculine/feminine singular attributive
** definite neuter singular attributive
** plural attributive
# cestovateľ
## Slovak
### Etymology

From cestovať +‎ -teľ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sestɔvaceʎ]
* Rhymes: -aceʎ
* Hyphenation: ces‧to‧va‧teľ

### Noun

cestovateľ m pers (female equivalent cestovateľka, relational adjective cestovateľský)
* traveller (one who travels to foreign countries for the purpose of learning or research)
** 2022, Dvořák Pavel Linhart, Moja čínska dekáda: Príbehy chlapca, ktorý dospel v Číne‎, volume 1, Vydavateľstvo Rak, →ISBN:Tiež ich „objavili" nezávislí cestovatelia, často cudzinci.They were also "discovered" by independent travellers, often foreigners.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “cestovateľ”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# Shymkent
## English
### Alternative forms

* Chimkent

### Etymology

From Kazakh Шымкент (Şymkent), from шым (şym, “turf”) and кент (kent, “city”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃɪmˈkɛnt/

### Proper noun

Shymkent
* A city in Kazakhstan

#### Synonyms

* Chernyaev (1914-1924)
# бала-саға
## Bashkir
### Etymology

A collective term, from *bala-čaqa "children".
A geminate term: Proto-Turkic *bāla (“child”) + Proto-Turkic *čāka (“child”).
Cognate with Kazakh бала-шаға (bala-şağa, “children”), Kyrgyz бала-чака (bala-caka, “children”), Uzbek bola-chaqa (“children”), Uyghur بالا-چاقا (bala-chaqa, “children”), Crimean Tatar bala-çağa (“children”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bɑˈɫɑ.sɑˌʁɑ]
* Hyphenation: ба‧ла-са‧ға

### Noun

бала-саға • (bala-sağa)
* (collective) children
    Бынау ҡышҡы hыуыҡта мал артынан йөрөү бала-саға эшеме?Bınaw qışqı hıwıqta mal artınan yöröw bala-sağa eşeme?In this winter cold, is it children's job to go looking for cattle (that has not returned home)?
# attached
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /əˈtæt͡ʃt/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -ætʃt
* Hyphenation: at‧tached

### Verb

attached
* simple past and past participle of attach

### Adjective

attached (comparative more attached, superlative most attached)
* Connected; joined.
* Fond of (used with to).
    I'm very attached to my pets.
* Included as an attachment with a communication (especially an email or other electronic communication).
    Please see the attached file in my previous email.
* In a romantic or sexual relationship.
    As far as I know, he isn't attached, so I'm going to invite him out on a date.
    I'm not ready to get attached, as I want to continue sleeping around.
* (botany, mycology) Broadly joined to a stem or stipe, but not decurrent.
    In this group of mushrooms, the attachment of the gills to the stipe ranges from attached to almost decurrent.
* Of a residential building, sharing walls with similar buildings on two, usually opposite, sides.

#### Coordinate terms

* (sharing two walls): detached, semiattached

#### Derived terms

* attachedly
* attachedness
* misattached
* nonattached
* no strings attached, no-strings-attached
* overattached
* please find attached
* preattached
* superattached
* unattached

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* deattach
# bannock
## English
### Alternative forms

* bannik

### Etymology

From Middle English bannoke, from Old English bannuc, from Old Irish bannach, based on Latin pānicum (“millet”). Doublet of bonnag.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbæ.nək/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

bannock (usually uncountable, plural bannocks)
* (especially Scotland, Northern England) An unleavened bread, usually made with barleymeal, wheatmeal, or oatmeal; sometimes of peasemeal or otherwise.
** 1894, Joseph Jacobs, “More English Fairy Tales”, in The Wee Bannock, D. Nutt:So she baked two oatmeal bannocks, and set them on to the fire to harden. After a while, the old man came in, and sat down beside the fire, and takes one of the bannocks, and snaps it through the middle.
* (Canada) A biscuit bread made of wheat flour or cornmeal, fat, and sometimes baking powder, typically baked over a fire, wrapped around a stick or in a pan.
** 1941, Emily Carr, chapter 8, in Klee Wyck‎:“The boats are coming!” The cry rang through the village. Women left their bannock-baking, their basketweaving and hurried to the shore.
** 2007, Gail Anderson-Dargatz, Turtle Valley, Vintage Canada, →ISBN, page 54:My father’s bannock was nothing but lard, flour, salt, and baking powder patted into big rounds and cooked on sticks over a campfire.
** (specifically) This or any similar traditional bread when made by indigenous Americans, originally from native sources such as maize or pseudocereals and plants with starchy rootsEnglish Wikipedia has an article on:Bannock (Indigenous American food)Wikipedia
    Synonyms: Indian bread, alatiq, skaan

#### Derived terms

* currant-bannock
* bannock puncher

#### Related terms

* frybread, dog bread (US terms for specific breads which would all be called bannock in Canada)

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* nonback
# ῥάμνος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

The word may belong with ῥάβδος (rhábdos, “rod, wand”) and cognates. According to Beekes, it is quite probably a Pre-Greek word.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r̥ám.nos/ → /ˈram.nos/ → /ˈram.nos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /r̥ám.nos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈram.nos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈram.nos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈram.nos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈram.nos/

### Noun

ῥᾰ́μνος • (rhắmnos) f (genitive ῥᾰ́μνου); second declension
* a thorny bush or shrub
* (botany) boxthorn (Lycium europaeum)
* (botany) stone buckthorn (Rhamnus graeca, now Rhamnus lycioides subsp. graeca)
* (botany) black buckthorn (Rhamnus oleoides, now Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides)

#### Derived terms

* Ῥαμνοῦς (Rhamnoûs)

### Further reading

* “ῥάμνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ῥάμνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN