# 贏

| 贏 | U+8D0F, &#36111; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D0F |
| ← 贎 [U+8D0E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 贐 → [U+8D10] |

## Translingual
### Han character

贏 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+13, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜弓月山金 (YNBUC) or 卜口月月弓 (YRBBN), four-corner 0021$_7$, composition ⿵𣎆貝(GJKV) or ⿵𦝠貝(HT))

#### Derived characters

* 灜, 籯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1212, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36950
* Dae Jaweon: page 1679, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2125, character 2
* Unihan data for U+8D0F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 贏 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 嬴 | *leŋ |
| 瀛 | *leŋ |
| 籝 | *leŋ |
| 贏 | *leŋ |
| 攍 | *leŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *leŋ): phonetic 𦝠 (luó) + semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”).

### Etymology

Despite STEDT, probably not related to 盈 (OC *leŋ, “to fill; full, surplus”), in light of Baxter and Sagart's reconstruction of the Old Chinese pronunciation. Instead, note similarities to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔoŋ¹ (“to win, complete”), whence Burmese အောင် (aung, “to be victorious”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yíng (ying$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йин (yin, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jeng$^4$ / jing$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yiang$^3$ / yen$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): iang$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yàng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yang$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ia̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): iàng / ìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iâⁿ / êng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ian$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ia$^5$ / ying$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yin
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): in$^2$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): nionn$^2$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ian$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yíng
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^2$
*** Yale: yíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yng
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yin$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
*** Sinological IPA : /in²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йин (yin, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jeng$^4$ / jing$^4$
*** Yale: yèhng / yìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jeng$^4$ / jing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yéng$^4$ / ying$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛːŋ²¹/, /jɪŋ²¹/
* jeng4 - vernacular;
* jing4 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: yeng
Rime :
| Character | 贏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以成切 |
| Baxter | yeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]eŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*leŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 贏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yíng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yeng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]eŋ/ |
| English | profit; surplus |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 贏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15396 |
| Phonetic component | 贏 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 盈 |
| Old Chinese | /*leŋ/ |
| Notes | 贏利與蠃（蛞蝓）伸展其身同稱贏 |

### Definitions

贏
* to win; to triumph; to be victorious
* to beat; to defeat (someone); to triumph over
* to make a profit
** Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, Article 49 (excerpt):
       Àomén tèbiéxíngzhèngqū xíngzhèngchángguān zài rènzhí qī nèi bùdé jùyǒu wàiguó jūliúquán, bùdé cóngshì sīrén yínglì huódòng. [Pinyin]
       The Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, during his or her term of office, shall have no right of abode in any foreign country and shall not engage in any activities for his or her personal gains.
* (Gan, Xiang) Used with 不 or 得 to express capability.
    Synonym: 來 / 来 (lái)

#### Synonyms

* (to win): 獲勝／获胜 (huòshèng)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to win”): 輸／输 (shū)

#### See also

* 勝／胜 (shèng)

#### Compounds

* 不見輸贏 / 不见输赢
* 共贏 / 共赢 (gòngyíng)
* 執贏 / 执赢
* 大贏家 / 大赢家
* 奇贏 / 奇赢
* 打贏 / 打赢 (dǎyíng)
* 操奇計贏 / 操奇计赢
* 時絀舉贏 / 时绌举赢
* 獨贏 / 独赢
* 讀贏 / 读赢
* 買贏 / 买赢
* 贏利 / 赢利 (yínglì)
* 贏利幅度 / 赢利幅度
* 贏利年度 / 赢利年度
* 贏利率 / 赢利率
* 贏利稅 / 赢利税
* 贏利能力 / 赢利能力
* 贏利表 / 赢利表
* 贏勾 / 赢勾
* 贏取 / 赢取 (yíngqǔ)
* 贏姦賣俏 / 赢奸卖俏
* 贏家 / 赢家 (yíngjiā)
* 贏得 / 赢得 (yíngdé)
* 贏手 / 赢手
* 贏糧 / 赢粮
* 贏縮 / 赢缩
* 贏錢 / 赢钱
* 贏面 / 赢面 (yíngmiàn)
* 贏餘 / 赢余 (yíngyú)
* 輸贏 / 输赢 (shūyíng)
* 連贏 / 连赢
* 錬贏 / 𲇷赢
* 雙贏 / 双赢 (shuāngyíng)
* 雙贏局面 / 双赢局面
* 非贏利 / 非赢利
* 非贏利組織 / 非赢利组织

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to contented
* to win; to triumph
* to gain (profit)
* remainder

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えい (ei)
* Kun: かつ (katsu)、あまり (amari)

## Korean
### Hanja

贏 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

贏: Hán Nôm readings: doanh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation