# kosa
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkosa]
* Hyphenation: ko‧sa

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech kosa, from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

#### Noun

kosa f
* scythe
* spit (narrow peninsula)
* (colloquial) cold temperature
    Synonyms: kláda, zima, mráz
    Antonyms: hic, vedro, horko

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

kosa m anim
* genitive/accusative singular of kos

### Further reading

* “kosa”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kosa”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kosa”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From koso +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkosa]
* Rhymes: -osa
* Hyphenation: ko‧sa

### Adjective

kosa (accusative singular kosan, plural kosaj, accusative plural kosajn)
* Xhosan
* (la kosa) Clipping of la kosa lingvo (“the Xhosa language”).

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

From Portuguese coçar. Cognate with Kabuverdianu kosa.

### Verb

kosa
* to scratch

## Ingrian
### Alternative forms

* kosi

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian коса (kosa).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈkosɑ/, [ˈko̞s̠ɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈkosɑ/, [ˈko̞ʒ̥ɑ]
* Rhymes: -osɑ
* Hyphenation: ko‧sa

### Noun

kosa
* Only used in peräkosa

#### Declension
### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 198

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese coçar.

### Verb

kosa
* to scratch

## Ladino
### Noun

kosa f
* thing

## Latvian
### Noun

kosa f (4th declension)
* horsetail

## Lingala
### Verb

-kosa (infinitive kokosa)
* to scrape, to scratch
* to itch
* to rub

#### See also

* -kósa

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

kosa f
* Superseded spelling of kósa.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

kosa
* Superseded spelling of kósa.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* koset
* koste (simple past)
* kost (past participle)

### Verb

kosa
* inflection of kose:
** simple past
** past participle

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* kose

### Etymology

From German liebkosen, kosen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuːsa/

### Verb

kosa (present tense kosar/koser, past tense kosa/koste, past participle kosa/kost, passive infinitive kosast, present participle kosande, imperative kosa/kos)
* (takes pronoun in objective case) to enjoy
    No kosar me oss.We are enjoying ourselves now.
* to snuggle

### References

* “kosa” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀓𑁄𑀲 (Brahmi script)
* कोस (Devanagari script)
* কোস (Bengali script)
* කොස (Sinhalese script)
* ကောသ or ၵေႃသ (Burmese script)
* โกส or โกสะ (Thai script)
* ᨠᩮᩣᩈ (Tai Tham script)
* ໂກສ or ໂກສະ (Lao script)
* កោស (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑄮𑄥 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कोश (kośa, “container”).

### Noun

kosa m or n
* container, wrapper
** storehouse, storeroom
** sheath
** foreskin

#### Declension

As a masculine noun, the declension is:
As a neuter noun, the nominative, vocative and accusative have a different set of forms:

### References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “kosa”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɔ.sa/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔsa
* Syllabification: ko‧sa
* Homophone: Kosa

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish kosa, from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

#### Noun

kosa f
* scythe
* (dated) braid
* (geography) spit that extends into the deep sea, instead of closing off a lagoon
    Synonym: szpyrk
* (slang) knife, shank
* (slang) beef, grudge
    Mieć z kimś kosęHave a beef with someone

##### Usage notes

Examples of landforms in sense #3 are the Farewell Spit in New Zealand and the Hel Peninsula in Poland.

##### Related terms

* kosiarz
* kosisko
* kosynier
* kośba
* kosić

##### See also

* sierp

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

kosa m animal
* genitive/accusative singular of kos

#### Adjective

kosa
* feminine nominative/vocative singular of kosy

### Further reading

* kosa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* kosa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǒsa/
* Hyphenation: ko‧sa

#### Noun

kòsa f (Cyrillic spelling ко̀са)
* hair (of a person, on the head)

##### See also

* šišati (to cut hair)
* dlaka

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǒsa/
* Hyphenation: ko‧sa

#### Noun

kòsa f (Cyrillic spelling ко̀са)
* scythe

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

From kȏs.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kǒsa/
* Hyphenation: ko‧sa

#### Noun

kòsa f (Cyrillic spelling ко̀са)
* slope, declivity
* a mountain spur; a smaller ridge branching off from a mountain range

##### Declension
### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

kosa
* inflection of kos:
** feminine nominative/vocative singular
** indefinite masculine/neuter genitive singular
** indefinite animate masculine accusative singular
** neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

#### Noun

kosa (Cyrillic spelling коса)
* genitive/accusative singular of kos

### References

* “kosa”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “kosa”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “kosa”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* Čolović, Gvozden R. (1969) Vojna topografija, Beograd: Vojnogeografski institut

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɔsa]

### Noun

kosa f (diminutive kosička, augmentative kosisko)
* scythe
* spit (narrow peninsula)
* (slang) cold, (temperature)
    Synonym: mráz

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “kosa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

kosa class V (plural makosa class VI)
* fault

### Verb

-kosa (infinitive kukosa)
* to do wrong
* to lack, be deficient (in)

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -kosa :
| Positive present | -nakosa |
| Subjunctive | -kose |
| Negative | -kosi |
| Imperative singular | kosa |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kukosa |
| Negative | kutokosa |
Imperatives :
| Singular | kosa |
| Plural | koseni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hukosa |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -likosa |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kukosa |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -takosa |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -takosa |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sikose |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngekosa |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singekosa |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalikosa |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalikosa |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mekosa |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshakosa |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jakosa |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kikosa |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipokosa |
| Consecutive | kakosa / positive subject concord + -kakosa |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kakose |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -kosea
** Causative: -kosesha
** Reciprocal: -kosana
** Stative: -koseka
* Nominal derivations:
** mkosaji (“culprit”)
** mkosefu (“offender”)
** ukosefu (“shortage, lack”)

## Swedish
### Etymology

From French course, similar to Dutch koers.

### Noun

kosa c
* (in some expressions) course
    Jag styrde kosan mot barenI steered the course towards the bar (journeyed towards the bar)

#### See also

* kos

### References

* kosa in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* kosa in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)