# 机

| 机 | U+673A, &#26426; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-673A |
| ← 朹 [U+6739] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 朻 → [U+673B] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 机∣機 |
| Simplified | 机 |
| Traditional | 机∣機 |

### Han character

机 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 木竹弓 (DHN), four-corner 4791$_0$, composition ⿰木几)

#### Derived characters

* 𣌯, 𦊵, 𪳴, 𩍊

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 510, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14435
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1155, character 4
* Unihan data for U+673A

### Usage notes

Note that in Japanese, traditional Chinese, and Korean, both 机 and 機 are used with separate meanings (机: desk and 機: machine; airplane; chance) while in simplified Chinese, 机 is the simplified form of 機.

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 肌 | *kril |
| 飢 | *kril |
| 机 | *kril, *krilʔ |
| 虮 | *kril |
| 几 | *krilʔ |
| 麂 | *krilʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kril, *krilʔ): semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 几 (OC *krilʔ).

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 机 – see 機 (“weaving machine; spinning machine; machine; apparatus; device; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 機).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jī, jǐ (ji$^1$, ji$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ, ㄐㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^1$ / gei$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jī
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ji
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$
*** Yale: jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^3$
*** Yale: jǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^1$ / gei$^2$
*** Yale: gēi / géi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^1$ / gei$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^1$ / géi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯⁵⁵/, /kei̯³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kjij, kjijX
Rime :
| Character | 机 | 机 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居夷切 | 居履切 |
| Baxter | kjij | kjijX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kiɪ/ | /kiɪ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ki/ | /ki$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kjɪ/ | /kjɪ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ki/ | /ki$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ki/ | /ki$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ki/ | /ki$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki/ | /ki$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jī | jǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^1$ | gei$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*krəjʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kril/, /*krilʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 机 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kij$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*krəjʔ/ |
| English | small table, stool |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 机 | 机 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5758 | 5761 |
| Phonetic component | 几 | 几 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 飢 | 几 |
| Old Chinese | /*kril/ | /*krilʔ/ |

#### Definitions

机
* Alternative form of 几 (“small table; stool”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alder
* a surname

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèi (wei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$
*** Yale: wèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

机
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) chopping board

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* desk, table

#### Readings

* Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
* Kun: つくえ (tsukue, 机, Jōyō)、おしまずき (oshimazuki)

#### Compounds

* 机(き)下(か) (kika)
* 机(き)上(じょう) (kijō)
* 机(き)辺(へん) (kihen)
* 経(きょう)机(つくえ) (kyōtsukue)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 机
* つくえ Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 案 (rare)
Inherited from Old Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つくえ [tsùkúé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨ̥kɯ̟e̞]

#### Noun

机(つくえ) • (tsukue)
* desk; table
    机(つくえ)の上(うえ)に本(ほん)が三(さん)冊(さつ)ある。
       Tsukue no ue ni hon ga sansatsu aru.
       There are three books on the desk.

### Notes

* ↑ In pre-WWII literature, the historical kana spelling was mistaken to be つくゑ. Sources from the Heian period show つくえ, which is now accepted as correct.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

机 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
* desk

## Vietnamese
### Han character

机: Hán Nôm readings: cơ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.