# haram
## English
### Alternative forms

* haraam

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām). Doublet of herem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /həˈɹɑːm/
* Rhymes: -ɑːm

### Noun

haram (plural harams)
* (Islam) A sin.
** 2003, M. Sıddık Gümüş, Advice For The Muslim, page 258:In case of necessity it is permissible to change one's madhhab or to do a few things according to another madhhab. It is haram to cheat in order to omit a fard or commit a haram.
** 2012, Manal Hamzeh, Pedagogies of Deveiling: Muslim Girls and the Hijab Discourse, page 82:In Arabic, haram is the noun derived from the verb hrm, the opposite of what it allowed.

### Adjective

haram (not comparable)
* (Islam, fiqh) Forbidden by Islam: unlawful, sinful.
    Synonym: nonhalal
    Antonym: halal
** 2005, Anoushiravan Ehteshami, Globalization and Geopolitics in the Middle East: Old Games, New Rules‎, Taylor & Francis e-Library, →ISBN, page 135:I can’t speak about sex with my friends in Arabic. The words are too heavy and culturally loaded. It all sounds haram (sinful).
** 2007, Andreas Jobst, The Economics of Islamic Finance and Securitization‎:[…] collateral assets must not be debt, cash or prohibited as haram (sinful activity) and must not be associated in any way with unethical or exploitative operations or with speculation and uncertainty (gharar) […]
** 2012 April 30, Wendell Steavenson, “Radicals Rising”, in The New Yorker:A year ago, the Party didn't even exist; some Salafi preachers had deemed democracy haram—forbidden under Islamic law.

#### Derived terms

* Boko Haram
* harami
* haramization
* haramize
* haramness
* haram police
* nonharam

#### Translations
### See also

* assur

### Anagrams

* Hamar, Marah, Mahar, Ramah, marah

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

haram (comparative daha haram, superlative ən haram)
* (Islam, fiqh) haram (forbidden by Islam: unlawful, sinful)
    Antonym: halal
* dishonest, dirty (earned or acquired in an unfair manner)
    Antonym: halal
    haram pul ― dirty money

#### Derived terms

* haramlıq

### Interjection

haram
* shame on you; may it not benefit you
    Haram olsun sənə verdiyim ürək!Shame on you for having broken my heart!(literally, “May the heart I gave you be haram for you; may it not benefit you”)

### Further reading

* “haram” in Obastan.com.

## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /haˈɾam/ [haˈɾam]
* IPA: /ʔaˈɾam/ [ʔaˈɾam] (h-dropping)
* Hyphenation: ha‧ram

### Noun

harám (Basahan spelling ᜑᜍᜋ᜔)
* (Sorsogon) Alternative form of hadam

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām). Doublet of harem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əˈɾam]
* IPA: (Valencia) [aˈɾam]

### Adjective

haram (invariable)
* haram
    Antonym: halal

### Further reading

* “haram” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɦaːˈraːm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ha‧ram

### Adjective

haram (not comparable)
* (Islam) forbidden, not allowed
    Antonym: halal

#### Related terms

* harem

### Adverb

haram (comparative haramer, superlative haramst)
* (Islam) in a way that is forbidden

## Finnish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhɑrɑm/, [ˈhɑ̝rɑ̝m]
* Rhymes: -ɑrɑm
* Hyphenation: ha‧ram

### Adjective

haram
* (Islam) haram

#### Declension

Possessive forms of haram (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
haramini
haramini
accusative
nom.
haramini
haramini
gen.
haramini
genitive
haramini
haramieni
partitive
haramiani
haramejani
inessive
haramissani
harameissani
elative
haramistani
harameistani
illative
haramiini
harameihini
adessive
haramillani
harameillani
ablative
haramiltani
harameiltani
allative
haramilleni
harameilleni
essive
haraminani
harameinani
translative
haramikseni
harameikseni
abessive
haramittani
harameittani
instructive
comitative
—harameineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
haramisi
haramisi
accusative
nom.
haramisi
haramisi
gen.
haramisi
genitive
haramisi
haramiesi
partitive
haramiasi
haramejasi
inessive
haramissasi
harameissasi
elative
haramistasi
harameistasi
illative
haramiisi
harameihisi
adessive
haramillasi
harameillasi
ablative
haramiltasi
harameiltasi
allative
haramillesi
harameillesi
essive
haraminasi
harameinasi
translative
haramiksesi
harameiksesi
abessive
haramittasi
harameittasi
instructive
comitative
—harameinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
haramimme
haramimme
accusative
nom.
haramimme
haramimme
gen.
haramimme
genitive
haramimme
haramiemme
partitive
haramiamme
haramejamme
inessive
haramissamme
harameissamme
elative
haramistamme
harameistamme
illative
haramiimme
harameihimme
adessive
haramillamme
harameillamme
ablative
haramiltamme
harameiltamme
allative
haramillemme
harameillemme
essive
haraminamme
harameinamme
translative
haramiksemme
harameiksemme
abessive
haramittamme
harameittamme
instructive
comitative
—harameinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
haraminne
haraminne
accusative
nom.
haraminne
haraminne
gen.
haraminne
genitive
haraminne
haramienne
partitive
haramianne
haramejanne
inessive
haramissanne
harameissanne
elative
haramistanne
harameistanne
illative
haramiinne
harameihinne
adessive
haramillanne
harameillanne
ablative
haramiltanne
harameiltanne
allative
haramillenne
harameillenne
essive
haraminanne
harameinanne
translative
haramiksenne
harameiksenne
abessive
haramittanne
harameittanne
instructive
comitative
—harameinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
haraminsa
haraminsa
accusative
nom.
haraminsa
haraminsa
gen.
haraminsa
genitive
haraminsa
haramiensa
partitive
haramiaan haramiansa
haramejaan haramejansa
inessive
haramissaan haramissansa
harameissaan harameissansa
elative
haramistaan haramistansa
harameistaan harameistansa
illative
haramiinsa
harameihinsa
adessive
haramillaan haramillansa
harameillaan harameillansa
ablative
haramiltaan haramiltansa
harameiltaan harameiltansa
allative
haramilleen haramillensa
harameilleen harameillensa
essive
haraminaan haraminansa
harameinaan harameinansa
translative
haramikseen haramiksensa
harameikseen harameiksensa
abessive
haramittaan haramittansa
harameittaan harameittansa
instructive
comitative
—harameineen harameinensa :

#### See also

* halal

## Hausa
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hà.râm/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [hà.râŋ]

### Noun

hàr̃âm m (possessed form hàr̃āmùn)
* (Islam) any haram act; a sin or forbidden deed in Islam
    Antonym: halal

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay haram, from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām). Doublet of harem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈharam]
* Rhymes: -ram, -am, -m
* Hyphenation: ha‧ram

### Adjective

haram
* (Islam) haram: forbidden by Islam: unlawful, sinful.
    Antonym: halal
* (Islam) sacrosanct, sacred, holy
    Synonym: suci
* forbidden, unlawful
    Antonyms: halal, sah

#### Derived terms

* mengharamkan
* pengharaman
* haram jadah
* haram zadah

### References

* ↑ Erwina Burhanuddin, Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan, R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “haram” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /aˈram/, (careful style) /xaˈram/

### Adjective

haram (invariable)
* haram

#### Antonyms

* halal

## Ladino
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حرام (haram), from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

### Adjective

haram (Latin spelling)
* ill-gotten, something that is enjoyed without deserving it
    De lo haram no se ve hayre.From ill-gotten gains no profit comes.

## Latin
### Noun

haram
* accusative singular of hara

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈha.ram/
* Rhymes: -aram, -ram, -am

### Adjective

haram (Jawi spelling حرام)
* (Islam) haram, forbidden
    Antonym: halal
* (law) forbidden, illegal, prohibited
    Antonym: sah
    Akta Pencegahan Pengubahan Wang Haram, Pencegahan Pembiayaan Keganasan dan Hasil daripada Aktiviti Haram 2001 [Akta 613]Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001 [Act 613]
* sacrosanct, sacred, holy
    Synonym: suci
    Tanah Haram ― The Holy Lands (Mecca and Medina)
* (colloquial, used as an intensifier) damn, bloody
* (colloquial, used in the negative) (not a) single, damn
    Apa dia cakap ni? Sepatah haram pun aku tak faham.What's he talking about? I can't even understand a damn thing.

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: haram

#### References

* “haram” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

### Adjective

haram (invariable)
* (Islam) haram (forbidden by Islamic law)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حرام (haram).

### Noun

haram n (plural haramuri)
* haram
* robbery

#### Declension
### References

* haram in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic هَرَم (haram).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

haram class V (plural maharam class VI)
* pyramid
    Synonym: piramidi

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

### Adjective

haram (not comparable)
* (Islam) haram

#### Usage notes

Uninflected.

#### See also

* halal
* harem

### References

* Fula Ordboken

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* haraam

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /haˈɾam/ [hɐˈɾam]
* Rhymes: -am
* Syllabification: ha‧ram

### Adjective

haram (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜇᜋ᜔) (Islam)
* haram (forbidden by Islam)

#### See also

* halal

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish حَرٰامْ (haram), from Arabic حَرَامٌ m or f (ḥarāmun).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hä.ɾäm]
* Hyphenation: ha‧ram

### Adjective

haram
* (Islam, fiqh) haram (forbidden by religion)
    Antonym: helal (“halal”)

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “haram”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ “haram”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu