# 鞠躬
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jūgōng, júgōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ ㄍㄨㄥ, ㄐㄩˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): guk$^1$ gung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jiuh$^6$ gung$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiuk-kiûng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiok-kiong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giog$^4$ giong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jūgōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyugong
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^1$-kung$^1$
*** Yale: jyū-gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiugong
*** Palladius: цзюйгун (czjujgun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$居功 鞠躬
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: júgōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyúgong
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^2$-kung$^1$
*** Yale: jyú-gūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyugong
*** Palladius: цзюйгун (czjujgun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: guk$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Yale: gūk gūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: guk$^7$ gung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gug$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jiuh$^6$ gung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiuʔ⁵ kuŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk-kiûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiug$^ˋ$ giung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiug$^5$ giung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚² ki̯uŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-kiong
*** Tâi-lô: kiok-kiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiokkiofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giog$^4$ giong$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiok kiong
*** Sinological IPA : /kiok̚²⁻⁴ kioŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: kjuwk kjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 鞠 | 躬 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 居六切 | 居戎切 |
| Baxter | kjuwk | kjuwng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨuk̚/ | /kɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiuk̚/ | /kiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiuk̚/ | /kiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kuwk̚/ | /kuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiuk̚/ | /kiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭuk̚/ | /kĭuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯uk̚/ | /ki̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ju | jiōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | guk$^1$ | gung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kuɡ kuŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鞠 | 躬 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7006 | 4141 |
| Phonetic component | 匊 | 躬 |
| Rime group | 覺 | 終 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 菊 | 弓 |
| Old Chinese | /*kuɡ/ | /*kuŋ/ |
| Notes | | 同躳 |

### Verb

鞠⫽躬 (verb-object)
* to bow; to make a bow
    鞠了一躬 ― jū le yī gōng ― to make a bow (once)
       jat$^1$ guk$^1$ gung$^1$, zoi$^3$ guk$^1$ gung$^1$, saam$^1$ guk$^1$ gung$^1$, gaa$^1$ suk$^6$ ze$^6$ lai$^5$! [Jyutping]
       First bow, second bow, third bow, gratitude from the family members! (Said by the celebrant to guests when they arrive at funerals in Hong Kong)
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, euphemistic) to visit a funeral

#### Derived terms

* 三鞠躬

### Adjective

鞠躬
* (literary) discreet and scrupulous

#### Synonyms

* 不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
* 仔細 / 仔细 (zǐxì)
* 嚴 / 严 (yán)
* 嚴肅 / 严肃 (yánsù)
* 嚴謹 / 严谨 (yánjǐn)
* 墘角 (gièng-gáe̤k) (Eastern Min)
* 密切 (mìqiè)
* 審慎 / 审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
* 對重 / 对重 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 小心 (xiǎoxīn)
* 慎密 (shènmì)
* 慎重 (shènzhòng)
* 慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 持重 (chízhòng)
* 板正 (bǎnzhèng)
* 正經 / 正经
* 當心 / 当心 (dāngxīn)
* 精心 (jīngxīn)
* 精細 / 精细 (jīngxì)
* 細心 / 细心 (xìxīn)
* 細膩 / 细腻 (xìnì) (Min)
* 致重 (Hokkien)
* 認真 / 认真 (rènzhēn)
* 謹嚴 / 谨严 (jǐnyán)
* 謹慎 / 谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
* 較真 / 较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
* 過細 / 过细 (guòxì)
* 頂真 / 顶真 (dǐngzhēn) (dialectal)

#### Derived terms

* 盡瘁鞠躬 / 尽瘁鞠躬
* 鞠躬盡瘁 / 鞠躬尽瘁 (jūgōngjìncuì)
* 鞠躬盡瘁，死而後已 / 鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已 (jū gōng jìn cuì, sǐ ér hòu yǐ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鞠躬(きっきゅう) (kikkyū)
* → Korean: 국궁(鞠躬) (gukgung)
* → Vietnamese: cúc cung (鞠躬)