# 統一
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tǒngyī
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тунйи (tunyi, I-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^2$ jat$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thúng-yit
    (Hailu, HRS): tung$^ˊ$ rhid
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): torng$^3$ ih$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thóng-it
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tong$^2$ ig$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$thon-iq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tǒngyī
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tǒngyi
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^3$-i$^1$
*** Yale: tǔng-yī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: toongi
*** Palladius: тунъи (tunʺi)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тунйи (tunyi, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuŋ²⁴ i²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^2$ jat$^1$
*** Yale: túng yāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^2$ jat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^2$ yed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵ jɐt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thúng-yit
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˋ$ id$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^3$ yid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ³¹ it̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thúng-yit
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˋ$ (r)id$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^3$ yid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ³¹ (j)it̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˊ$ rhid
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻³³ ʒit⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: torng$^3$ ih$^6$ [Phonetic: torng$^2$ ih$^6$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tô̤ng-ih
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ iʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: torng$^3$ ih$^6$ [Phonetic: torng$^2$ ih$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɒŋ³³²⁻¹³ iʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thóng-it
*** Tâi-lô: thóng-it
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tofng'id
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ it̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ it̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tong$^2$ ig$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thóng ik
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ ik̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$thon-iq
*** MiniDict: thon$^去$ ih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$thon-iq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰoŋ³³ iɪʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: thowngH 'jit
Rime :
| Character | 統 | 一 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 他綜切 | 於悉切 |
| Baxter | thowngH | 'jit |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuoŋ$^H$/ | /ʔiɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuoŋ$^H$/ | /ʔit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰoŋ$^H$/ | /ʔjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰawŋ$^H$/ | /ʔit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰoŋ$^H$/ | /ʔiĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰuoŋ$^H$/ | /ĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰuoŋ$^H$/ | /ʔi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tòng | yi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^3$ | jat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːŋs qliɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 一 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjit › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔi[t]/ |
| English | one |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 統 | 一 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1490 | 14833 |
| Phonetic component | 充 | 一 |
| Rime group | 終 | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 統 | 一 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰuːŋs/ | /*qliɡ/ |

### Verb

統一
* to unify; to unite; to integrate; to consolidate
    統一標準／统一标准 ― tǒngyī biāozhǔn ― to unify standards
    統一天下／统一天下 ― tǒngyī tiānxià ― to unify all under heaven

#### Synonyms

* 一致 (yīzhì)
* 一體化 / 一体化 (yītǐhuà)
* 合一 (héyī)
* 合併 / 合并 (hébìng)
* 合轍 / 合辙 (hézhé) (figurative)
* 團結 / 团结 (tuánjié)
* 歸併 / 归并 (guībìng)

#### Antonyms

* 分裂 (fēnliè)
* 決裂／决裂 (juéliè)
* 破裂 (pòliè)

### Adjective

統一
* unified; united; integrated; consolidated
* centralised
* consistent
* unanimous

#### Synonyms

* (centralised):
* 集中 (jízhōng)
* (consistent):
* 一律 (yīlǜ)
* 一樣 / 一样 (yīyàng)
* 一致 (yīzhì)
* 一般 (yībān)
* 同一 (tóngyī)
* 同樣 / 同样 (tóngyàng)
* 整齊 / 整齐 (zhěngqí)
* 相同 (xiāngtóng)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “centralised”):
* 分散 (fēnsàn)
* 散漫 (literary)
* 零散
* 零星 (língxīng)
* 零碎 (língsuì)
* 零零星星 (línglíngxīngxīng)

### Derived terms

* 對立統一規律 / 对立统一规律 (duìlì tǒngyī guīlǜ)
* 統一性 / 统一性 (tǒngyīxìng)
* 統一戰線 / 统一战线 (tǒngyī zhànxiàn)
* 統一教 / 统一教 (Tǒngyījiào)
* 統一發票 / 统一发票
* 統一資源定位符 / 统一资源定位符 (tǒngyī zīyuán dìngwèifú)
* 統一體 / 统一体 (tǒngyītǐ)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 統一(とういつ) (tōitsu)
* → Korean: 통일(統一) (tong'il)
* → Vietnamese: thống nhất (統一)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 統 | 一 |
| とう Grade: 5 | いつ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーいつ [tòóítsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ːit͡sɨ]

### Noun

統(とう)一(いつ) • (tōitsu)
* unification, consolidation
    統一(とういつ)を欠(か)く
       tōitsu o kaku
       to lack unity

#### Derived terms

* 統一市場(とういついちば) (tōitsuichiba)
* 統一会派(とういつかいは) (tōitsukaiha)
* 統一規則(とういつきそく) (tōitsukisoku)
* 統一教会(とういつきょうかい) (Tōitsu Kyōkai)
* 統一見解(とういつけんかい) (tōitsukenkai)
* 統一行動(とういつこうどう) (tōitsukōdō)
* 統一公判(とういつこうはん) (tōitsukōhan)
* 統一小売価格(とういつこうりかく) (tōitsukōrikaku)
* 統一国家(とういつこっか) (tōitsukokka)
* 統一(とういつ)スト (tōitsusuto)
* 統一戦線(とういつせんせん) (tōitsusensen)
* 統一地方選挙(とういつちほうせんきょ) (tōitsuchihōsenkyo)
* 統一補欠選挙(とういつほけつせんきょ) (tōitsuhoketsusenkyo)
* 統一手形用紙(とういつてがたようし) (tōitsutegatayōshi)
* 統一的(とういつてき) (tōitsuteki)
* 統一場理論(とういつばりろん) (tōitsubariron)
* 統一科学(とういつりがく) (tōitsurigaku)
* 経済統一(けいざいとういつ) (keizaitōitsu)
* 精神統一(せいしんとういつ) (seishintōitsu)
* 大統一理論(だいとういつりろん) (daitōitsuriron)
* 天下統一(てんかとういつ) (tenkatōitsu)
* 不統一(ふとういつ) (futōitsu)

### Verb

統(とう)一(いつ)する • (tōitsu suru) suru (stem 統(とう)一(いつ)し (tōitsu shi), past 統(とう)一(いつ)した (tōitsu shita))
* to unite, to unify
* to standardize
* to concentrate on

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 統一し | とういつし | tōitsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 統一し | とういつし | tōitsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 統一する | とういつする | tōitsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 統一する | とういつする | tōitsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 統一すれ | とういつすれ | tōitsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 統一せよ¹ 統一しろ² | とういつせよ¹ とういつしろ² | tōitsu seyo¹ tōitsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 統一される | とういつされる | tōitsu sareru |
| Causative | 統一させる 統一さす | とういつさせる とういつさす | tōitsu saseru tōitsu sasu |
| Potential | 統一できる | とういつできる | tōitsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 統一しよう | とういつしよう | tōitsu shiyō |
| Negative | 統一しない | とういつしない | tōitsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 統一せず | とういつせず | tōitsu sezu |
| Formal | 統一します | とういつします | tōitsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 統一した | とういつした | tōitsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 統一して | とういつして | tōitsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 統一すれば | とういつすれば | tōitsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 統 | 一 |

### Noun

統一 • (tong'il) (hangeul 통일)
* hanja form of 통일 (“unification, reunification”)

#### Derived terms

* 통일미 (tong'ilmi)
* 통일벼 (tong'ilbyeo)
* 통일안 (tong'iran)
* 통일원 (tong'irwon)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 統 | 一 |

### Adjective

統一
* chữ Hán form of thống nhất (“united; unified”).

#### Derived terms

* A-rập thống nhất Ê-mi-rát (A-rập 統一 Ê-mi-rát)