# guna
## English
### Etymology

From Sanskrit गुण (guṇá, “quality”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡʊnə/

### Noun

guna (countable and uncountable, plural gunas)
* (Sanskrit linguistics) A lengthening of the simple vowels a, i, u, by prefixing an a element.
* (countable) In Hindu philosophy, any of the three fundamental operating principles or tendencies of prakṛti (universal nature): sattva, rajas, and tamas.

### Anagrams

* ANUG, Aung, Guan, UNGA, guan, guan-

## Australian Kriol
### Noun

guna
* feces
* anus

### Verb

guna
* to defecate

## Balinese
### Romanization

guna
* Romanization of ᬕᬸᬡ

## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡuˈnaʔ/ [ɡuˈn̪aʔ]
* Hyphenation: gu‧na

### Noun

gunâ (Basahan spelling ᜄᜓᜈ)
* (Naga) hen
    Synonym: gunakan

#### See also

* dumaraga
* lalong
* manok
* siwo
* siyo
* sulog

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: gu‧na
* IPA: /ˈɡuna/ [ˈɡu.n̪ɐ]

### Noun

guna
* a type of bolo knife, shorter and smaller than a sundang and with a blunt point, primarily used for weeding, digging and loosening the soil around plants

### Verb

guna
* to weed, dig or loosen the soil using a guna

## Chinese
### Etymology

From pinyin transcription of the phrase 滾啊 (gǔn a, “go away, go to hell”).

### Interjection

guna
* (Mandarin, Internet slang, humorous, euphemistic) go away; get lost; GTFO

## Gamilaraay
### Etymology

From Proto-Central New South Wales *gunang, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡuna/

### Noun

guna
* excrement, faeces, shit

### References

* Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
* Peter Austin, A Reference Dictionary of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales (1993)

## German
### Interjection

guna
* (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of gute Nacht.

### See also

* gumo

## Hausa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡú.nàː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [ɡʷʊ́.nàː]

### Noun

gunā̀ f (plural gunōnī, possessed form gunàr̃)
* tsamma (a bitter melon, Citrullus lanatus)
* An epithet for someone who is not as strong as expected.
* (colloquial) A girl who is physically mature with developed breasts.

## Iban
### Noun

guna
* usage

### Verb

guna
* of use, wanted, needed, of benefit.
    ..., mayuh pengawa begunaka pengelandik dalam digital...., many jobs need digital skillfulness.

### References

* Richards, Anthony. An Iban-English Dictionary, Volume 1 Clarendon Press. 1981.
* Nembiak patut nyemelaka pemujur dalam pelajar enggau pengelandik Utusan Borneo. 28 August 2023.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay guna (“usage”), from Classical Malay guna, from Sanskrit गुण (guṇa, “use”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡuna/
* Rhymes: -na, -a
* Hyphenation: gu‧na

### Noun

guna (plural guna-guna)
* benefit
* purpose, function
* goodness

#### Alternative forms

* goena (pre-1947)

#### Synonyms

* (benefit): faedah, manfaat, maslahat
* (function): fungsi
* (goodness): budi baik, kebaikan

#### Derived terms

* berguna
* berkegunaan
* kegunaan
* ketergunaan
* mempergunakan
* menggunakan
* pengguna
* penggunaan
* seguna
* serbaguna
* tergunakan

#### Related terms

* mandraguna

### Preposition

guna
* for

#### Synonyms

* bagi
* untuk

### Further reading

* “guna” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Javanese
### Romanization

guna
* Romanization of ꦒꦸꦤ

## Lindu
### Noun

guna
* use; purpose

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡuna/
** (Johor-Riau) IPA: [ɡunə]
* Rhymes: -a

### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit गुण (guṇa, “use”).

#### Noun

guna (Jawi spelling ݢونا, plural guna-guna, informal 1st possessive gunaku, 2nd possessive gunamu, 3rd possessive gunanya)
* benefit
    Synonyms: faedah, manfaat
* function, use
    Synonyms: fungsi, peranan
* goodness, kindness
    Synonyms: budi baik, kebaikan

##### Derived terms

* berguna
* gunaan
* kebergunaan
* kegunaan
* kepenggunaan
* mempergunakan
* menggunakan
* pengguna
* penggunaan
* pergunaan
* seguna

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: guna

#### Preposition

guna (Jawi spelling ݢونا)
* for
    Synonyms: bagi, untuk

### Etymology 2

Clipping of menggunakan.

#### Verb

guna (Jawi spelling ݢونا)
* (informal) to use
    Aku guna fon aku ni hanya untuk menelefon mak ayah aku selalunya.I usually use my phone here just to call my parents.

### Further reading

* “guna” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English goon.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡũ.nɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡũ.nɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡu.na/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈɡu.nɐ/
* Hyphenation: gu‧na

### Noun

guna m (plural gunas)
* (Portugal, Porto, colloquial, derogatory) a chav (relating to a youth from a working class background, aggressive with poor education)
    Synonym: (Southern Portugal) mitra

#### Derived terms

* andar à guna
* gunada

### References

* ↑ “guna”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* ↑ “guna”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡuna/ [ˈɡu.na]
* Rhymes: -una
* Syllabification: gu‧na

### Noun

guna f (plural gunas)
* (Hinduism) guna

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-guna (infinitive kuguna)
* to moan, grunt

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -guna :
| Positive present | -naguna |
| Subjunctive | -gune |
| Negative | -guni |
| Imperative singular | guna |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuguna |
| Negative | kutoguna |
Imperatives :
| Singular | guna |
| Plural | guneni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huguna |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -liguna |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuguna |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -taguna |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -taguna |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sigune |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeguna |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeguna |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngaliguna |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singaliguna |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meguna |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshaguna |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jaguna |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kiguna |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipoguna |
| Consecutive | kaguna / positive subject concord + -kaguna |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kagune |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

## Zazaki
### Etymology

From Persian گناه (gonâh).

### Noun

guna
* sin