# queen
## English
### Alternative forms

* queene, quene, queyne (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English quene, queen, cwen, from Old English cwēn (“queen”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni, from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷénh₂s (“woman”).
Cognate with Scots queen, wheen (“queen”), Old Saxon quān ("wife"; > Middle Low German quene (“elderly woman”)), Dutch kween (“woman past child-bearing age”), Swedish kvinna (“woman”), Norwegian kvinne (“woman”), Danish kvinde (“woman”), Icelandic kvon (“wife”), Gothic 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃 (qēns, “wife”), Norwegian dialectal kvån (“wife”). Related to and possibly merged with and/or absorbed some senses of English quean, from Middle English quene, from Old English cwene (“woman; female serf, quean”), see quean. Generally eclipsed non-native Middle English regina (“queen”), borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”) (see Modern English regina). Doublet of quean and gyne.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: kwēn, IPA: /kwiːn/, [kʰw̥iːn]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːn
* Homophone: quean

### Noun

queen (plural queens)
* The wife, consort, or widow of a king.
    Synonyms: queen consort, Regina
    Coordinate terms: emperor, empress, king, prince, princess
    Hypernym: royal
    Hyponyms: queen consort, queen dowager
    Holonym: royal family
    The divorced king was looking for a new queen.
** c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame. […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, […], published 1600, →OCLC,:The king doth keepe his Reuels here to night. Take heede the Queene come not within his ſight.
* A female monarch.
    Synonyms: queen regnant, Regina
    Hypernyms: monarch, royal, sovereign
    Holonym: royal family
    Coordinate terms: emperor, empress, king, prince, princess
** 1582, Thomas Lupton, The Christian Against the Jesuite‎, London, retrieved 14 January 2022, page 50v:But our mercifull Queene Elizabeth hath not burned the popiſh prieſtes on the alters where they committed idolatrie in ſaying of Maſſe, and worſhipped a piece of breade for the bodie of Chriſte (which ſhee might haue done if ſhee would) and yet you count not her for a godly and mercifull Queene.
** 2017 March 17, Sam Knight, “‘London Bridge Is Down’: The Secret Plan for the Days After the Queen’s Death”, in The Guardian‎, London, retrieved 16 January 2022:In 1952, at the last accession, there were only eight members of the new entity taking shape in the outline of the British Empire. The Queen was the head of state in seven of them, and she was proclaimed Head of the Commonwealth to accommodate India’s lone status as a republic.
* A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen.
    Synonym: goddess
** (Christianity) The Virgin Mary (especially in formulations such as Queen of Heaven, Queen of Glory).
    Synonyms: (archaic) advocatrix, Blessed Virgin, Blessed Virgin Mary, (chiefly historical) Christotokos, lady, Madonna, Mother of God, Mother of Mercy, Our Lady, Our Lady of Sorrows, Queen of Heaven, Saint Mary, Star of the Sea, (chiefly Eastern Christianity) Theotokos, Virgin Mary
*** 1620, Thomas Tell-Troth [pseudonym of Joseph Swetnam], The Araignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women: Or the Vanitie of Them, Choose You Whether‎, London, published 1807, retrieved 14 January 2022:[…] and yet I will not ſay but amongſt duſt there is Pearle found, and in hard rockes Dyamonds of great value, and ſo amongſt many women there are ſome good, as that gracious and glorious Queene of all woman kinde the Virgin Mary the mother of al bliſſe, what wun her honour, but an humble minde and her paines and loue vnto our Sauiour Chriſt.
** An excellent woman.
*** 1915, Willa Sibert Cather, The Song of the Lark‎, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, retrieved 17 January 2022, page 149:“Always look after that girl, doc. She's a queen!”
** A woman pre-eminent in a particular group or field.
*** c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 175:But now I was the Lord / Of this faire manſion,maſter of my ſeruants, / Queene ore my ſelfe : and euen now,but now.
*** 1973 April, Phyl Garland, “Sounds”, in Ebony‎, volume 28, number 6, Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., retrieved 16 January 2022, page 33:Regardless of what one thinks of that Hollywoodish distortion of her life story, it did stimulate an interest in the late Lady Day, though one might speculate as to whether the effect would have been the same had the film starred someone other than Diana Ross, a reigning queen of pop culture.
** (slang, originally US) An attractive woman; a female partner in a romantic relationship.
    Synonym: honey
*** 1914, Franklin P. Adams, By and Large‎, Garden City, New York: Doulbleday, Page & Company, retrieved 15 January 2022, page 142:Know you the town is full of folks? Know you the shows are full of queens? That every mail is full of jokes Born of the nation's brightest beans?
*** 1999, Camika Spencer, When All Hell Breaks Loose‎, New York: Villard, →ISBN, retrieved 15 January 2022, page 38:When I find my queen, we’re having a whole tribe like our grandparents used to swing it back in the day.
* Something regarded as the greatest of its kind or as having pre-eminence or power comparable to that of a queen over a given area.
** 1508, William Dunbar, “The Goldyn Targe”, in William Dunbar, edited by Priscilla Bawcutt, The Poems of William Dunbar, volume 1, Glasgow: Association for Scottish Literary Studies, published 1998, →ISBN, page 186:Thare saw I May, of myrthfull monethis quene.
** 2006, John Milbank, Theology and Social Theory‎, 2nd edition, Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN, page 418:The foregoing eleven chapters of criticism were but preludes to an assertion: of theology as itself a social science, and the queen of the sciences for the inhabitants of the altera civitas, on pilgrimage through this temporary world.
* Referring to one of several items used in tabletop games:
** (chess) A chess piece that, under contemporary rules, is the most powerful, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
    Synonyms: (slang, vulgar, offensive) bitch, (slang) dame, (slang, rare) lady, (slang) old lady, (slang, vulgar, offensive) whore
    Hypernyms: chess piece, chessman
    Holonym: chess set
    Coordinate terms: bishop, castle, king, knight, pawn, rook
*** 1562, Damiano da Odemira, translated by Iames Rowbothum, The Pleasaunt and Wittie Playe of the Cheasts Renewed, with Instructions Both to Learne It Easely, and to Play It Well, London, page A7v:For this cauſe that when he [the pawn] can procede so well in warre, as to arriue at the laſte rancke of hys enemies, he is choſen and made the beſt piece of the playe, to wit, he is the Quene.
*** 1761, Edmond Hoyle, An Essay Towards Making the Game of Chess Easily Learned‎, London, retrieved 13 January 2022, page 51:And, further, let us ſuppoſe, that your King is at Liberty to attack his Pawns upon one Side of the Board, by reckoning how many moves it will take your King to march and take thoſe two Pawns, and alſo, by adding the Number of Moves, which will be neceſſary for you to make a Queen with one of your Pawns: You will, by this Method, find out the exact number of Moves, before you can make a Queen.
** (card games) A playing card with a depiction of a queen on it, generally ranking next below the king and above the jack in a given suit.
    Synonyms: (slang, vulgar, offensive) bitch, (slang) cowgirl, (slang) girl, (slang) lady, (slang, vulgar, offensive) mop squeezer
    Hypernyms: court card, face card
    Hyponym: Queen Bess
    Holonyms: deck of cards, pack of cards
    Coordinate terms: jack, king, knave
*** 1575, Gammer Gurton’s Nedle:There is 5. trumps beside the Queene, y$^e$ hindmost y$^u$ shalt finde her
*** 2003, Lou Krieger, Kathleen Keller Watterson, Internet Poker: How to Play and Beat Online Poker Games, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: ConJelCo, →ISBN, pages 84–85:Just remember that a nine or ten on the flop may trap you against the early raiser if he’s holding a big pair, or if he catches an ace or king or queen — or even a jack — on a later round.
** A red disk that is the most valuable piece in the Asian game of carrom.
*** 2014, Shahnaz Bashir, The Half Mother: A Novel, Gurgaon, India: Hachette India, →ISBN:Imran was good at carrom. Always after the bright red queen, the centre of attention on the board, he tussled to win it first.
* A reproductive female insect in a hive, such as an ant, bee, termite or wasp.
    Synonym: (obsolete) king
    Hypernyms: bug, insect
    Hyponym: queen bee
** 2010, Thomas D. Seeley, Honeybee Democracy, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 37:Each time a worker shakes the queen, she grasps the queen with her forelegs and shakes her own body for a second or so, delivering 10 to 20 vigorous shakings of the queen […]
* (obsolete) A type of flatfish, specifically the lemon sole.
* (rare) A queen apple.
    Hypernym: apple
* (originally UK) A queen scallop.
* (construction, obsolete) Ellipsis of queen post.
    Coordinate term: king
** 1811, Skyring's Builder’s Prices:Truss framed with King Posts […] Do. with Kings and Queens.
* (now chiefly historical) A type of large roofing slate.
* (LGBTQ slang, sometimes derogatory) A homosexual man, especially one regarded as effeminate.
    Synonyms: fag, faggot, fairy, fruit, Mary, nancy, Nancy Dawson, nancyboy, nelly, pansy, ponce, poof, poofter, shirtlifter, twink; see also Thesaurus:effeminate man, Thesaurus:male homosexual
    Hypernym: gay
** 1893, C. H. Hughes, “Postscript to Paper on ‘Erotopathia’”, in The Alienist and Neurologist‎, volume 14, retrieved 4 February 2022, pages 731–732:[…] all of these men are lasciviously dressed in womanly attire, short sleeves, low-necked dresses and the usual ball-room decorations and ornaments of women, feathered and ribboned head-dresses, garters, frills, flowers, ruffles, etc., and deport themselves as women. Standing or seated on a pedestal, but accessible to all the rest, is the naked queen (a male), whose phallic member, decorated with a ribbon, is subject to the gaze and osculations in turn, of all the members of this lecherous gang of sexual perverts and phallic fornicators.
** 1919, Lawrence R. Murphy, Perverts by Official Order: The Campaign Against Homosexuals by the United States Navy, New York: Harrington Park Press, published 1988, →ISBN, page 57:[…] operator Charles Zipf described the "feminine" attire found in Gianelli’s room, reported his description of other "queens," and passed on "Salome's" admission of having had sex with men from the U.S.S. Baltimore.
** 1974 March, Bebe Scarpi, “Intro 2, a Threat to Transvestites?”, in Gay‎, volume 5, number 112, New York: Four Swords, retrieved 13 January 2022, page 5:Despite one's opinion of Sylvia I can attest to the purity of her intent and dedication, and, no one will dare deny she is one gutsy queen.
* An adult female cat capable of breeding.
    Hypernym: cat
    Coordinate terms: tom, tomcat
** 1898 August 6, The Ladies’ Field:A few outdoor houses for the queens are used.
** 1906 September, C. S. Sedgwick, “Veterinary Notes”, in Pacific Fancier‎, volume 4, number 2, Los Angeles, retrieved 19 January 2022, page 25:When your queen has returned from the stud it is always advisable to keep her shut up until all restlessness has left her.
* Ellipsis of queen olive.
** 1935 December 30, Foreign Agricultural Service, “Spanish Pickled Olive Production and Supplies”, in Foreign Crops and Markets‎, volume 31, number 27, Washington: United States Department of Agriculture, retrieved 4 February 2022, page 931:The combined quantity of Queens and Manzanillas to be pickled from the 1935 olive crop in the Seville District of Spain is estimated at 32,500 short tons, according to a report received from N. I. Nielsen, Agricultural Attaché at Paris.
** 1984, United States International Trade Commission, Bottled Green Olives from Spain, Washington, page A-24:Prices for the two main types of Spanish style green olives - manzanillas and queens - vary according to the size of the crop of each. In some years queens will be more expensive than manzanillas […]
* (LGBTQ, slang) Ellipsis of drag queen.
** 2004, Steven J. Hopkins, “‘Let the Drag Race Begin’: The Rewards of Becoming a Queen”, in Journal of Homosexuality, volume 46, numbers 3–4, →DOI, →ISSN, page 144:Since exposure plays a major role in the success of a queen, even those performers who do not win a Talent Night can obtain bookings by the bar and establish a reputation.
** 2018 December 19, Jocelyn Samara D., Rain (webcomic), Comic 1111 - Drag:"I mean, it's not for everyone. And there's definitely good drag and bad drag. […] But I did learn a lot about myself and what I wanted from my life from some of the queens I used to know."
* (attributive, originally Canada, US) Pertaining to a queen-size bed or queen-size bedding.
    Synonyms: queen-size, queen-sized
** 1994 March 21, Leonore Fleischer, “Sales & Bargains”, in New York, volume 27, number 12, →ISSN, page 73:Ad Hoc Softwares has bright hand-blocked floral cotton bed linens from India, including flat full/queen sheets, were $85, now $51; standard pillowcases, were $18 each, now $10.80 […]
* A monarch butterfly (Danaus spp., especially Danaus gilippus).

#### Usage notes

* (homosexual man): The term can be either derogatory or a self-identification. (Compare nigger.)
* (ellipsis of drag queen): Some of the people who were historically (in the late 1960s and 1970s) described as “queens” or “drag queens” or “street queens” are now sometimes considered transgender, especially when their gender identity is female or non-binary/genderqueer rather than male. Some people, like Sylvia Rivera, self-identified as both a “transgender person” and a “street queen”. Drag queens, too, can have any gender identity.

#### Derived terms

* antiqueen
* archqueen
* bean queen
* beauty queen
* bio queen
* black queen cell virus
* butch queen
* butch-queen
* calico queen
* chili queen
* circuit queen
* closet queen
* comeback queen
* comma queen
* complain queen
* coupon queen
* dequeen
* dinge queen
* drag queen
* drama queen
* elf queen
* every king needs a queen
* eyeball queen
* faux queen
* fishy queen
* flaming queen
* garage queen
* goddess-queen
* golden shower queen
* green queen
* hangar-queen
* hangar queen
* harvest queen
* Hoco Queen
* Homecoming Queen
* ice queen
* King and Queen County
* King and Queen Court House
* leather queen
* mad queen chess
* May Queen
* merqueen
* multiqueen
* Nubian queen
* overqueen
* pearly queen
* pillow queen
* prom queen
* pseudoqueen
* Quainton
* Queen Adelaide
* queen bee
* queen bee acid
* queen bee syndrome
* queen-cage
* queen-cake
* queen cake
* Queen Camel
* queen cell
* queen conch
* queen consort
* queen-consort
* queencraft
* queen cup
* queendom
* queen dowager
* queen excluder
* queenfish
* queen for a day
* Queenhill
* queenhood
* Queenie
* queenish
* Queenite
* queenless
* queenlet
* queenlike
* queenly
* queenmaker
* queen mandibular pheromone
* queen mother
* queen mum
* queen of beasts
* queen of clubs
* queen of diamonds
* queen of hearts
* Queen of Hearts
* queen of puddings
* Queen of Sheba
* queen of spades
* queen of spices
* queen of the May
* queen of the meadow
* queen of the night
* queen-of-the-prairie
* queen olive
* queen palm
* queenpin
* queen pineapple
* queen post
* queen regent
* queen regnant
* queen regnante
* queen retinue pheromone
* queenright
* queenroot
* Queensbury
* Queen's English
* Queensferry
* Queen's Gambit
* Queen's Gambit Accepted
* queenship
* queenside
* Queen's Indian Defence
* queen-size
* queen snake
* Queen's Park
* queen's pudding
* Queen's shilling
* Queenstown
* queen substance
* queensware
* queen truss
* queen up
* queenward
* queenweed
* queenwood
* queeny
* race queen
* range queen
* Republican Queen
* requeen
* rice queen
* rice-queen
* rice queen
* riverboat queen
* scene queen
* scream queen
* semiqueen
* size queen
* slay queen
* snowflake queen
* Snow Queen
* snow queen (Veronica regina-nivalis, syn. Synthyris reniformis) etc.
* speed queen
* street queen
* underqueen
* unqueen
* Valley of the Queens
* welfare queen
* who died and made you queen
* wing queen
* yas queen

#### Descendants

* Tok Pisin: kwin
* ⇒ American Sign Language: G@Shoulder-PalmDown G@Abdomen-PalmDown
* → Burmese: ကွင်း (kwang:)
* → German: Queen
* → Japanese: クイーン (kuīn), クィーン (kwīn)
* → Korean: 퀸 (kwin)
* → Marshallese: kwiin
* → Sikaiana: kuini
* → Spanish: cuina
* → Thai: ควีน (kwiin)

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* czarina
* duchess
* dyke
* imperial
* jack
* kingdom
* majesty
* royalty
Chess pieces in English · chess pieces, chessmen (see also: chess) (layout · text) :
| king | queen | rook, castle | bishop | knight | pawn |
Playing cards in English · playing cards (layout · text) :
| ace | deuce, two | three | four | five | six | seven |
| eight | nine | ten | jack, knave | queen | king | joker |

### Verb

queen (third-person singular simple present queens, present participle queening, simple past and past participle queened)
* (intransitive, obsolete) To act the part of a queen; to behave imperiously; to queen it.
* (transitive) To make a queen or (figuratively) to give the status of a queen.
** c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], page 295, column 1:This dreame of mine / Being now awake, Ile Queene it no inch farther, / But milke my Ewes, and weepe.
* (chess) To promote a pawn to a queen.
** 2003, Yasser Seirawan, Winning Chess Endings, London: Everyman Chess, →ISBN, page 39:Neither King will be able to stop the opponent's pawns from queening, when the game should be a draw. In such cases, which side queens first, or queens with check, can make a crucial difference. In this case, White promotes his pawn first and is able to put this advantage to good use.
* (beekeeping) To be the queen bee of a colony.
** 1882 November 22, E. L. Briggs, “Development of ‘The Coming Bee’”, in The American Bee Journal‎, volume 18, number 47, retrieved 15 January 2022, page 743:They have all been queened by imported stock, or the best of home-bred mothers.
** 1957, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (India), The Wealth of India, page 263:The nucleus should not be queened by a queen from any of the parent colonies.
* (beekeeping) To provide with a new queen bee.
    Antonym: dequeen
** 1896, The Progressive Bee-Keeper, page 320:In queening his apiary, he aims to keep about half of the queens of the current season's rearing, and the other of the summer preceding.
** 1967, Everett Franklin Phillips, Are Bees Reflex Machines?:If such a queen is immediately allowed to run through the entrance of a queenless colony, the queening is usually successful.
** 1980, Robert E. Donovan, Hunting Wild Bees:Once you have introduced the queen, the first three steps of the capture have been completed, namely: blocking the tree, providing an alternate home, and queening the colony.
** 2007, NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers, The Complete Book on Beekeeping and Honey Processing, →ISBN, page 389:Sealed cells with about to emerge queens are used for queening the divisions.
* (BDSM, slang, transitive, usually of a woman) To sit on a person’s face to receive oral sex, typically while straddling the person’s head.
    Synonyms: face-sit, king
** 1996, Lorelei, The Mistress Manual: The Good Girl’s Guide to Female Dominance, Scranton, Pennsylvania: Berkana Press, →ISBN, page 138:The classic posture, in which you lie on your back while the male serves you, may make him feel arrogant and in charge. Try Queening him. Have him lie on his back while you sit on his face (make sure he has an airway through either his mouth or his nose).
** 2012, Yolanda Celbridge, The Castle of Maldona:She saw his pink tongue flickering on Clare's exposed nympha as she queened him, her love juices shining on his chin and throat […]

#### Derived terms

* queener
* queening square
* queening stool

#### Related terms

* queen out

#### See also

* facesitting
* smothering

### References

* Kent Patterson (1971) “Checkschmuck! The Slang of the Chess Player”, in American Speech, volume 46, numbers 3–4, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 231–236.
* “queen, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.
* “queen”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “queen n.”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present
* ↑ Reuben, David R. (1969) chapter 8, in Everything you always wanted to know about sex but were too afraid to ask, New York: David McKay Company, Inc., published 1970, →LCCN, Homosexuals have their own language?, page 146:NELLY: effeminate homosexual QUEEN: another word for the same

### Anagrams

* quene

## Middle English
### Noun

queen
* Alternative form of quene (“queen”)

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English quene, from Old English cwēn, from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kwiːn/

### Noun

queen
* queen
** 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:Earch myde was a queen, an earch bye was a king;Each maid was a queen, and each boy was a king;

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 96