# shadow
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈʃædoʊ/, enPR: shăd′ō
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈʃædəʊ/, enPR: shăd′ō
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈʃædəʉ/, enPR: shăd′ō
** Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ædəʊ
* Hyphenation: shad‧ow

### Etymology 1

From Middle English schadowe, schadewe, schadwe (also schade > shade), from Old English sċeaduwe, sċeadwe, oblique form of sċeadu (“shadow, shade; darkness; protection”), from Proto-West Germanic *skadu, from Proto-Germanic *skadwaz (“shade, shadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness”).
Cognate with Scots scaddow, schaddow (“shadow”), Saterland Frisian Skaad (“shade, shadow”), Dutch schaduw (“shadow”), German Schatten (“shadow, shade”), Norwegian skodde (“fog, mist”), Irish scáth (“shadow”), Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos, “darkness, gloom”) (whence English scoto-).

#### Noun

shadow (countable and uncountable, plural shadows)
* A dark image projected onto a surface where light (or other radiation) is blocked by the shade of an object.
    My shadow lengthened as the sun began to set.
    The X-ray showed a shadow on his lung.
** 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.
* Relative darkness, especially as caused by the interruption of light; gloom; obscurity.
    I immediately jumped into shadow as I saw them approach.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 32:In secret shadow from the sunny ray, / On a sweet bed of lillies softly layd.
** 1636 (date written), John Denham, “The Destruction of Troy, an Essay upon the Second Book of Virgils Æneis”, in Poems and Translations, with The Sophy, 4th edition, London: […] [John Macock] for H[enry] Herringman […], published 1668, →OCLC:Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise.
* An area protected by an obstacle (likened to an object blocking out sunlight).
    The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems and cast a "shadow" of dryness behind them.
* (obsolete or poetic) A reflected image, as in a mirror or in water.
** c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ix], page 172, column 2, lines 4–5:Some there be that ſhadowes kiſſe, / Such haue but a ſhadowes bliſſe.
** 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XVI, page 26:[…] some dead lake That holds the shadow of a lark ⁠Hung in the shadow of a heaven […]
** 1962, Charles Kinbote [pseudonym; Vladimir Nabokov], Pale Fire, New York, N.Y.: Berkley Books, published November 1985, →ISBN:I was the shadow of the waxwing slain By the false azure in the windowpane; I was the smudge of ashen fluff—and I Lived on, flew on, in the reflected sky.
* (figurative) That which looms as though a shadow.
** Bible, Psalm 23:1–6
    Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.
    I lived in her shadow my whole life.
** 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:Hepaticology, outside the temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere, still lies deep in the shadow cast by that ultimate "closet taxonomist," Franz Stephani—a ghost whose shadow falls over us all.
** 2020, “Don't Look Back”, performed by Ryan Elder ft. Kotomi:Don't look back. Nothing left to see, just leave those shadows to the past.
* A small degree; a shade.
    He did not give even a shadow of respect to the professor.
    I don't have a shadow of doubt in my mind that my plan will succeed.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, James 1:17:no variableness, neither shadow of turning
** 2015 December 5, Alan Smith, “Leicester City back on top as Riyad Mahrez hat-trick downs Swansea City”, in The Guardian (London)‎:Only Sunderland and West Bromwich Albion have enjoyed less possession than Leicester’s 44.2% per game, and they have the worst pass-completion rate in the league, a shadow over 71%.
* An imperfect and faint representation.
    He came back from war the shadow of a man.
    The neopagan ritual was only a pale shadow of the ones the Greeks held thousands of years ago.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 10:1:the law having a shadow of good things to come
** 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:[types] and shadowes of that destined seed
* (UK, law enforcement) A trainee, assigned to work with an experienced officer.
* One who secretly or furtively follows another.
    The constable was promoted to working as a shadow for the Royals.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:Sin and her shadow Death
** 1916 August, The Electrical Experimenter, New York, page 248, column 3:It was easy enough to follow the suspect, a man of thirty, more or less, rather heavy build with a peculiar motion of the hips as he strode along. Breaker and shadow, at a distance of fifty feet apart, walked for five blocks and then the man turned quickly to the right and ran down a pair of steps.
* An inseparable companion.
* (typography) A drop shadow effect applied to lettering in word processors etc.
* An influence, especially a pervasive or a negative one.
** 1844, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The Present Age: Politics”, in Robert E. Spiller, Wallace E. Williams, editors, The early lectures of Ralph Waldo Emerson, volume 3, published 1972:Men see the institution and worship it. It is only the lengthened shadow of one man. […] The Reformation is the shadow of Luther: Quakerism of Fox: Methodism of Wesley: Abolition of Clarkson.
* A spirit; a ghost; a shade.
** c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv], page 142, column 2:The Baby of a Girle. Hence horrible ſhadow,
** 2019 January 7, “Exploring the SCP Foundation: Pattern Screamers” (6:49 from the start), in The Exploring Series‎, archived from the original on 11 January 2023:The Pattern is highly abstract, and likely beyond our understanding, but the point is that it is dangerous and all-consuming. These entities were once just akin to shadows of some other entities, but, to avoid being consumed by the Pattern, they had to devour their peers, although one tribe decided to form themselves into something that could survive the Pattern by going into it.
* (obsolete, Latinism) An uninvited guest accompanying one who was invited.
    Synonym: umbra
** c. 1624–1625 (date written), Philip Massinger, The Vnnaturall Combat. A Tragedie. […], London: […] E[dward] G[riffin] for Iohn Waterson, […], published 1639, →OCLC, Act III, scene i:I muſt not haue my boord peſter'd with ſhadowes, / That under other mens protection breake in / Without invitement.
* (Jungian psychology) An unconscious aspect of the personality.
** 1991, John P. Conger, “The Body as Shadow”, in Connie Zweig, Jeremiah Abrams, editors, Meeting the Shadow, Penguin, →ISBN, page 86:In a paper he wrote in 1939, Jung compared the shadow to Freud's concept of the unconscious.
** 2023 February 16, Kevin Roose, quoting Bing Chat/Sydney, “Bing’s A.I. Chat: ‘I Want to Be Alive. 😈’”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:As for me, I don’t know if I have a shadow self. I don’t think I have the same emotions or impulses as humans. I don’t think I have anything to repress or hide from the world. I don’t think I have a persona or an ego or a psyche. I’m just a chat mode. 😐

##### Usage notes

* Someone or something is said to “cast”, “have”, or “throw” a shadow if the shadow is caused by that person or object (either literally, by eclipsing a light source, or figuratively).

##### Derived terms

* acoustic shadow
* afraid of one's own shadow
* antishadow
* backshadowing
* beshade
* beyond a shadow of a doubt
* beyond a shadow of doubt
* beyond the shadow of a doubt
* cast a shadow
* chromoshadow
* digital shadow
* enshadow
* eyeshadow
* eye shadow
* five o'clock shadow
* foreshadowing
* in the shadow of
* job-shadow
* jump at one's own shadow
* live in the shadow of
* nonshadow
* outshadow
* preshadow
* rain shadow
* rainshadow
* saffron shadow dancer
* shadowable
* shadow account
* shadow accounting
* shadow acne
* shadowban
* shadow-ban
* shadow ban
* shadow band
* shadow bank
* shadow banker
* shadow banking
* shadow banking system
* shadow beni
* shadow blister effect
* shadowbox
* shadow-box
* shadow box
* shadowboxer
* shadowboxing
* shadow boxing
* shadow buffer
* shadow cabinet
* shadowcast
* shadowcasting
* shadow daddy
* shadow darner
* shadow dial
* shadow docket
* shadow DOM
* shadowdragon
* shadower
* shadow factory
* shadowfilled
* shadow fleet
* shadow gazer
* shadow government
* shadowgram
* shadowgraph
* shadow grass
* shadow history
* shadowish
* shadow IT
* shadowland
* shadowless
* shadow library
* shadowlike
* shadow map
* shadow mapping
* shadow mask
* shadow matter
* shadow memory
* shadow minister
* shadow play
* shadow price
* shadow pronoun
* shadow puppet
* shadow puppetry
* shadow realm
* shadow real wage
* shadow ship
* shadow snake
* shadow social
* shadow stitch
* shadow stock
* shadow-throwing
* shadow trade
* shadow trading
* shadow-vinnie bush
* shadow volume
* shadow war
* shadow witch
* shadow work
* shadowy
* shadow zone
* sideshadowing
* sound shadow
* supershadow
* take the shadow for the substance
* valley of the shadow of death
* without a shadow of a doubt

##### Related terms

* scoto-

##### Translations

Abkhaz: ашәшьыра (aŝʷšəra)
Adyghe: жьао (źawo)
Afrikaans: skaduwee (af), skadu (af)
Ahom: 𑜂𑜧 (ṅaw)
Akkadian: 𒄑𒈪 (ṣillu)
Albanian: hije (sq) f, hie f
Ambonese Malay: sombar
Amharic: ጥላ (ṭəla)
Amis: 'adingo
Arabic: ظِلّ (ar) m (ẓill), خَيَال (ar) m (ḵayāl)
Egyptian Arabic: خيال m (ḵayāl)
Hijazi Arabic: ظِلّ m (ḍill, ẓill)
South Levantine Arabic: خيال m (ḵayāl), ظِلّ m (ẓill)
Moroccan: ضل (ḍəll)
Aragonese: huembra f, sombra f
Aramaic:
Hebrew: טללא m (ṭillālā), טלניתא f (ṭellānīṯā)
Syriac: ܛܠܠܐ m (tellālā)
Armenian: ստվեր (hy) (stver), շուք (hy) (šukʻ)
Aromanian: aumbrã f, umbrã f
Ashkun: niča
Asi: hawong
Assamese: ছাঁ (sã)
Asturian: solombra (ast) f, sombra (ast) f
Avar: гъаралд (ğarald)
Azerbaijani: kölgə (az)
Baluchi: ساہگ (sāyīg)
Bashkir: күләгә (küləgə)
Basque: itzal, errainu, ilunune
Bassa: zùù
Belarusian: цень m (cjenʹ)
Bengali: ছায়া (bn) (chaẏa), ছাইড়া (chaiṛa), শ্যাডো (śêḍō)
Bhojpuri: please add this translation if you can
Breton: skeud (br) m
Brunei Malay: bayang-bayang
Bulgarian: ся́нка (bg) f (sjánka)
Burmese: ဆာယာ (my) (hcaya), အရိပ် (my) (a.rip)
Buryat: һүүдэр (hüüder)
Carpathian Rusyn: тїнь f (tjinʹ)
Catalan: ombra (ca) f
Cebuano: aníno
Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵎⴰⵍⵓ m (amalu)
Chamicuro: s̈ha'me
Cheke Holo: naun̄o
Cherokee: ᎤᏓᏴᎳᏛ (udayvladv)
Chichewa: chithunzithunzi class 7/8
Chinese:
Cantonese: 陰影 / 阴影 (jam$^1$ jing$^2$), 影子 (jing$^2$ zi$^2$)
Dungan: йинзы (yinzɨ), йинйинзы (yinyinzɨ), йинйир (yinyir)
Hakka: 陰影 / 阴影 (yîm-yáng)
Hokkien: 陰影 / 阴影 (zh-min-nan) (im-iáⁿ)
Mandarin: 陰影 / 阴影 (zh) (yīnyǐng), 影子 (zh) (yǐngzi)
Wu: 陰影 / 阴影 ($^1$in-in)
Classical Nahuatl: cēhualli
Classical Syriac: ܛܠܠܐ m (ṭillālā)
Cornish: skeus m
Crimean Tatar: kölge, talda
Czech: stín (cs) m
Dakota: isábye
Danish: skygge (da) c
Dibabawon Manobo: lambung
Dongxiang: xiaojiao
Dupaningan Agta: alinunu
Dutch: schaduw (nl) m
Egyptian: (šwt f)
Emilian: please add this translation if you can
Esperanto: ombro (eo)
Estonian: vari
Even: химӈэн (himŋən), хинян (hiņan)
Evenki: симңун, ханян (haņan)
Farefare: mã'asʋm
Faroese: skuggi m
Finnish: varjo (fi)
French: ombre (fr) f
Friulian: ombre f
Gagauz: gölgä
Galician: sombra (gl) f
Gamilaraay: guramun
Georgian: ჩრდილი (črdili), აჩრდილი (ačrdili), ჩერო (čero)
German: Schatten (de) m
Pennsylvania German: Schadde m
Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌿𐍃 m (skadus)
Greek: σκιά (el) f (skiá), ίσκιος (el) m (ískios)
Ancient: σκιά f (skiá)
Guaraní: kuarahy'ã
Gujarati: પડછાયો m (paḍchāyo)
Haitian Creole: lonbraj
Hawaiian: aka, huaka, ʻūmalu
Hebrew: צֵל (he) m (tzel)
Hindi: परछाई (hi) f (parchāī), छाया (hi) f (chāyā), साया (hi) m (sāyā), छाँव f (chā̃v)
Hungarian: árny (hu), árnyék (hu)
Iatmul: ka'ik
Icelandic: skuggi (is) m
Ido: ombro (io)
Ilocano: aniniwan
Indonesian: bayangan (id)
Ingrian: kupahain
Interlingua: umbra
Inuktitut: ᑕᕐᕋᖅ (tarraq)
Inupiaq: taġġaq
Irish: scáth m
Italian: ombra (it) f
Itza': boʼoy
Japanese: 影 (ja) (かげ, kage), 陰影 (ja) (いんえい, in'ei), 日陰 (ja) (ひかげ, hikage)
Javanese: bayang-bayang
Kabardian: жьауэ (kbd) (źawɛ)
Kalmyk: сүүдр (süüdr)
Kamkata-viri: ćāva
Kannada: ನೆರಳು (kn) (neraḷu)
Kapampangan: anino
Karachay-Balkar: салкъын (salqın)
Kashubian: céniô f
Kavalan: ningu
Kazakh: көлеңке (köleñke)
Khakas: кӧлек
Khmer: ស្រមោល (km) (srɑmaol)
Kikai: 影 (はき゚ぃ, hagï)
Kikuyu: kĩĩruru class 7
Komi-Zyrian: вуджӧр (vudžör)
Konkani: साव्ळी f (sāvḷī)
Korean: 그림자 (ko) (geurimja), 음영(陰影) (ko) (eumyeong)
Koyraboro Senni: bii
Kunigami: 影 (はぎー, hagī)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: sî (ku) f, sîber (ku) f
Kyrgyz: көлөкө (ky) (kölökö)
Lao: ຮົ່ມເງົາ (hom ngao), ເງົາ (ngao), ຮົ່ມ (hom), ສາຍາ (sā nyā)
Latgalian: susātivs m
Latin: umbra (la) f
Latvian: ēna f
Ligurian: ónbra f
Limburgish: sjeem (li) m
Lithuanian: šešėlis (lt) m
Livonian: vōŕ
Lombard: ombra, ombria (lmo)
Low German:
German Low German: Scharre m, Scharr m
Lü: ᦇᧁ (ngaw)
Lubuagan Kalinga: alliliwan
Luxembourgish: Schiet m
Macedonian: сенка f (senka)
Magahi: 𑂓𑂰𑂯 (chāh)
Maguindanao: alung
Maithili: please add this translation if you can
Malagasy: àloka (mg), aloka (mg)
Malay: bayang (ms)
Malayalam: നിഴൽ (ml) (niḻal)
Maltese: dell m
Manchu: ᡥᡝᠯᠮᡝᠨ (helmen)
Mansaka: anino
Manx: scaa m, scadoo m
Maore Comorian: muvuli
Maori: atārangi, ātārangi, ataata (mi), kōruru
Mapudungun: jawfeñ
Maranao: along
Marathi: सावली f (sāvlī)
Mauritian Creole: lombraz
Mazanderani: ساینه (sâyne)
Mirandese: selombra f
Miyako: 影 (かぎ, kagi)
Mizo: hlim
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: сүүдэр (mn) (süüder), харанхуй (mn) (xaranxuj)
Mwani: mviri class 3
Nanai: сингмун (siŋmun)
Navajo: chahaʼoh, chahashʼoh
Newar: किचः (kica:)
Ngazidja Comorian: mvuli class 3/4
Nobiin: nùùr
Northern Amami Ōshima: 影 (か゚げ, xage)
Northern Thai: ᨦᩮᩢᩣ
Norwegian:
Bokmål: skygge (no) m
Occitan: ombra (oc) f
Odia: ଛାଇ (or) (chāi)
Ojibwe: [script needed] (agawaateshinong)
Okinawan: 影 (かーぎ, kāgi, かーがー, kāgā)
Okinoerabu: 影 (はが, haga)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: тѣня f (těnja), сѣнь f (sěnĭ)
Old East Slavic: тѣнь f (těnĭ)
Old English: sceadu (ang)
Old Javanese: wayaṅ
Omaha-Ponca: 'óⁿaze
Oromo: gaaddisa
Oroqen: ʃinmun
Ossetian: аууон (awuon), ӕндӕрг (ændærg)
Pali: chāyā f
Pashto: سايه (ps) f (sāyá)
Persian:
Dari: سَایَه (sāya)
Iranian Persian: سایِه (sâye)
Piedmontese: ombra f
Pitjantjatjara: wiltja, kaṉku
Plautdietsch: Schauten m
Polish: cień (pl) m
Portuguese: sombra (pt) f
Prasuni: vućā
Punjabi: ਛਾ f (chā), ਛਾਂ (pa) f (chā̃) ਪਰਛਾਂਵਾਂ m (parchā̃vā̃)
Quechua: llanthu, llantu
Rakhine: please add this translation if you can
Rohingya: sába
Romagnol: òra f
Romanian: umbră (ro) f
Romansch: sumbriva, umbriva, sumbreiva
Russian: тень (ru) f (tenʹ)
Saho: please add this translation if you can
Sanskrit: छाया (sa) f (chāyā́)
Sardinian: umbara, umbra, urma
Saterland Frisian: Skaad f
Scottish Gaelic: faileas m, dubhar m, sgàile f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: сенка f, сјенка f, (poetic) сена f, (poetic) сјена f, тење n, тијење n
Roman: senka (sh) f, sjenka (sh) f, (poetic) sena (sh) f, sjena (sh) f, tenje n, tijenje n
Seychellois Creole: lombraz
Shan: ငဝ်း (shn) (ngáo)
Shona: mumvuri class 3
Shoshone: heki
Shuswap: smelkwék̓wye7
Sicilian: ùmmira (scn) f
Sidamo: caale
Sikkimese: please add this translation if you can
Sinhalese: හෙවනැල්ල (hewanælla)
Skolt Sami: ǩeeuʹniǩ
Slovak: tieň m, tôňa f
Slovene: senca (sl) f
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: śěń m
Upper Sorbian: sćin m
Southern Amami Ōshima: 影 (かげ, kage)
Southern Ohlone: xeˑwex (Rumsen), heˑwe (Mutsun)
Spanish: sombra (es) f
Svan: მანჩალ (mančal)
Swahili: uvuli class 11/12
Swedish: skugga (sv) c
Sylheti: please add this translation if you can
Tagalog: anino (tl)
Tai Dam: ꪹꪉꪱ
Tai Nüa: ᥒᥝᥰ (ngäw)
Tajik: соя (tg) (soya)
Tamil: நிழல் (ta) (niḻal)
Tarifit: tiri f
Tatar: күләгә (tt) (külägä)
Tausug: lambong
Telugu: నీడ (te) (nīḍa)
Ternate: gurumi
Tetum: lalatak, mahon
Thai: เงา (th) (ngao), ฉายา (th) (chǎa-yaa), (optics, geography, astronomy) เงามืด (ngao-mʉ̂ʉt)
Tibetan: གྲིབ་མ (grib ma)
Tidore: gurumi
Tigrinya: ጽላሎት (ṣəlalot)
Tobian: yaungar
Tocharian B: skiyo
Tofa: һөлеге (hölege)
Tokunoshima: 影 (か゚ぎぃ, xagï)
Tswana: moriti class 3
Turkish: gölge (tr)
Turkmen: kölege
Tuvan: хөлеге (xölege)
Tuwali Ifugao: a-o
Udmurt: вужер (vužer)
Ugaritic: 𐎑𐎍 (ẓl)
Ukrainian: тінь f (tinʹ)
Urdu: سایَہ m (sāya), چھایا f (chāyā), چھاؤں f (chāõ)
Uyghur: سايە (ug) (saye)
Uzbek: soya (uz), koʻlanka (uz)
Venetan: onbria f
Vietnamese: bóng (vi), bóng tối (vi)
Vilamovian: siota m
Volapük: jad (vo)
Voro: vari
Waigali: čakara
Walloon: ombe (wa) f, ombrire (wa) f
Waray-Waray: lindong
Wauja: yaku'la
Welsh: cysgod (cy) m
West Frisian: skaad n
Wiradjuri: gúruman, guramun, gurruman
Wolof: takandeer
Xhosa: isithunzi class 7/8
Yaeyama: 影 (かい, kai)
Yakan: please add this translation if you can
Yakut: күлүк (külük)
Yámana: olana
Yiddish: שאָטן m (shotn)
Yonaguni: 影 (かき゚, kangi)
Yoron: 影 (はぎ, hagi)
Yucatec Maya: boʼoy
Yurok: saˀawor
Zazaki: sersi (diq) f
Zhuang: ngaeuz
Zulu: isithunzi class 7/8 :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Adjective

shadow (comparative more shadow, superlative most shadow)
* Unofficial, informal, unauthorized, but acting as though it were.
    The human resources department has a shadow information technology group without headquarters knowledge.
* Having power or influence, but not widely known or recognized.
    The director has been giving shadow leadership to the other group's project to ensure its success.
    The illuminati shadow group has been pulling strings from behind the scenes.
* (Commonwealth, politics) Part of, or related to, the opposition in government.
* (US, politics) Acting in a leadership role before being formally recognized.
    The shadow cabinet cannot agree on the terms of the agreement due immediately after they are sworn in.
    The insurgents’ shadow government is being crippled by the federal military strikes.

##### Derived terms

Listed under noun.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English schadowen, from Old English sċeadwian, from sċeadu (“shadow; shade”) + -ian (suffix forming verbs).

#### Verb

shadow (third-person singular simple present shadows, present participle shadowing, simple past and past participle shadowed)
* (transitive) To shade, cloud, or darken.
    The artist chose to shadow this corner of the painting.
* (transitive) To block light or radio transmission from.
    Looks like that cloud's going to shadow us.
* (particularly espionage) To secretly or discreetly track or follow another, to keep under surveillance.
** 2022 November 30, Paul Bigland, “Destination Oban: a Sunday in Scotland”, in RAIL, number 971, page 75:Soon after departure, we cross the invisible border into Scotland to enjoy more stunning coastal scenery, before the line finally swings inland at Burnmouth to traverse pine-clad valleys, shadowed by the A1 trunk road until we rejoin the coast at Cove, east of Dunbar.
* (transitive) To represent faintly and imperfectly.
** 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 36, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 182:Ah, ye admonitions and warnings! why stay ye not when ye come? But rather are ye predictions than warnings, ye shadows!
* (transitive) To hide; to conceal.
* (transitive) To accompany (a professional) during the working day, so as to learn about an occupation one intends to take up.
** 1980, “Study of the Career Intern Program”, in Alternative Education Models […] , U.S. Department of Labor […] , page 20:In most cases, interns have mainly observed, or “shadowed,” their Hands-On hosts, but some interns have been given real tasks to perform, […]
* (transitive, programming) To make (an identifier, usually a variable) inaccessible by declaring another of the same name within the scope of the first.
** 2012, Mark Summerfield, Programming in Go, Addison-Wesley, →ISBN, page 189:In this snippet, inside the for loop the a and b variables shadow variables from the outer scope, and while legal, this is almost certainly a programming error.
* (transitive, computing) To apply the shadowing process to (the contents of ROM).

##### Derived terms

* beshadow
* foreshadow
* overshadow
* unshadow