# ب

| ب | U+0628, &#1576; ARABIC LETTER BEH |
| ← ا [U+0627] | Arabic | ة → [U+0629] |
| ﺏ | U+FE8F, &#65167; ARABIC LETTER BEH ISOLATED FORM |
| ← ﺎ [U+FE8E] | Arabic Presentation Forms-B | ﺐ → [U+FE90] |
| ﺐ | U+FE90, &#65168; ARABIC LETTER BEH FINAL FORM |
| ← ﺏ [U+FE8F] | Arabic Presentation Forms-B | ﺑ → [U+FE91] |
| ﺑ | U+FE91, &#65169; ARABIC LETTER BEH INITIAL FORM |
| ← ﺐ [U+FE90] | Arabic Presentation Forms-B | ﺒ → [U+FE92] |
| ﺒ | U+FE92, &#65170; ARABIC LETTER BEH MEDIAL FORM |
| ← ﺑ [U+FE91] | Arabic Presentation Forms-B | ﺓ → [U+FE93] |

## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From the Nabataean Aramaic letter 𐢃 (l, “bet”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤁 (l, “bet”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓉐. See also Classical Syriac ܒ (l, “bet”), Hebrew ב (l, “beth”), Ancient Greek β (b), Latin B.

#### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /baːʔ/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

#### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Arabic alphabet, called بَاء (bāʔ) and written in the Arabic script.

##### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

##### See also

* Arabic script letters: حُرُوف (ḥurūf) (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ث, ج, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ك, ل, م, ن, ه, و, ي

#### Symbol

ب • (b)
* The second letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by أ (ʔ) and followed by ج (j).

#### Noun

ب • (b)
* Abbreviation of باب (bāb, “chapter”).

### Etymology 2

Ultimately Proto-Semitic *bV- (“with, in, at, among”) with likely interrelation with Proto-Semitic *bayt- (“site, location; nest, house”); cognates with Ugaritic 𐎁 (b), Aramaic ב־, Classical Syriac ܒ-, Hebrew בְּ־ (bə-), Ge'ez በ (bä) and Egyptian bw.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi/

#### Preposition

بِـ • (bi-)
* denotes an instrument or tool, with, by (a means)
    طَرَقْتُ الْمِسْمَارَ بِمِطْرَقَةٍṭaraqtu l-mismāra bi-miṭraqatinI hit the nail with a hammer
    رَماهُم بِٱلْحِجَارَةِ ― ramāhum bi-l-ḥijārati ― He pelted them with stones.
* denotes the agent of unaccusative forms
    هُوَ يَتَقَوَّى بِهِ ― huwa yataqawwā bihi ― He is strengthened by it
    Coordinate term: (post-Classical) بِوَاسِطَة (biwāsiṭa, denotes the agent of passive forms)
* denotes accompaniment
    Coordinate term: مَعَ (maʕa)
** with (a component)
    قَهْوةٌ بِٱلْحَلِيبِ ― qahwatun bi-l-ḥalībi ― coffee with milk
** with (a quality); in (a state)
    بِسُرُورٍ ― bi-surūrin ― with pleasure
    بِٱمْتِيازٍ ― bi-mtiyāzin ― with success and distinction
* denotes proximity, with, to, next to, at (touching on, connected with, concerning)
    مَرْبُوطٌ بِشَجَرَةٍ ― marbūṭun bi-šajaratin ― tied to a tree
    لَا عَلاقةَ لَهُ بِٱلْمَوْضُوعِlā ʕalāqata lahu bi-l-mawḍūʕiunrelated to the subject
* denotes inclusion, surrounding, or location, within (a place); in; on; at
    بِٱلْأَرْضِ ― bi-l-ʔarḍi ― on the earth/in or inside the ground
    بِٱلقَرْيةِ ― bi-l-qaryati ― in the village
    بِٱلْمَكْتَبَةِ ― bi-l-maktabati ― at the library
    بِٱلْمَكْتَبِ ― bi-l-maktabi ― at the office/in the desk
    Synonym: فِي (fī)
* denotes requital, giving or doing in return; for
    اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ بِأَلْفِ رِيَالٍ.ištaraytuhu bi-ʔalfi riyālin.I bought it for a thousand riyals.
* marks the predicate of a negative copula
    هُوَ لَيْسَ بِشَاهِدٍ وَلَا بِقَارِئٍ.huwa laysa bi-šāhidin wa-lā bi-qāriʔin.He is not one who witnessed [it] or read [it].

##### Derived terms

* بِمَا (bimā)
* بِمَ (bima)
* بِمَنْ (biman)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: b’

## Balti
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /b/, [b]

### Letter

ب (b)
* The second letter of the Balti alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters (script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, ڃ, چ, ڇ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ڗ, ژ, س, ش, ݜ, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, کٔ, گ, ل, م, ن, ݨ, ݩ, و, ہ, ھ, ی, ے

## Brahui
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /b/, [b]

### Letter

ب (b)
* The second letter of the Brahui alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters (script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, ڷ, م, ن, ں, ہ, ھ, ء, و, ی, ے

## Burushaski
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /b/, [b]

### Letter

ب (b)
* The fourth letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters (script appendix): ا, ݳ‎, ݴ‎, ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, ݼ, خ, څ, د, ڈ, ذ, ڎ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ݽ, ص, ض, ڞ, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, ݣ, گ, ل, م, ن, ں, و, ݸ, ݹ, ہ, ھ, ݷ, ئ, ی, ݵ, ݶ, ے, ݺ, ݻ

## Central Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /b/, [b]

### Letter

ب (b)
* The third letter of the Central Kurdish alphabet, called با (ba) and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters: پیت (pît) (script appendix): ئـ, ا, ب, پ, ت, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ر, ڕ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ع, غ, ف, ڤ, ق, ک, گ, ل, ڵ, م, ن, ھ, ہ, و, وو, ۆ, ى, ێ

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme): IPA: /p/, [b]

### Letter

ب (b)
* The second letter of the Xiao'erjing abjad.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

## Egyptian Arabic
### Pronunciation 1

* (letter name): IPA: /be/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

#### Etymology

From the Ottoman Turkish convention.

#### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Egyptian Arabic alphabet, called به and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters: حُرُوف (script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ث, ج, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ك, ل, م, ن, ه, و, ي

### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: /bi/

#### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

##### Prefix

بـ • (bi-)
* Used to conjugate present indicative verbs from their subjunctive forms.

#### Etymology 2

Inherited from Arabic بِـ (bi-).

##### Preposition

بـ • (bi-)
* Denotes an instrument or means; with, by
    ضربته بشكوش ― ḍarabito bi-šakūš ― She hit him with a hammer

#### See also

پ (be be-talat noʔaṭ)

## Gujarati
### Pronunciation

* (letter name) IPA: /beː/
* (phoneme) IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Gujarati alphabet, called بے and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters (script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, ࣇ, م, ن, ݨ, ں, و, ہ, ھ, ء, ی, ے

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /ˈbaːʔ/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

#### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Hijazi Arabic alphabet, called بَاء and written in the Arabic script.

##### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* پ (pāʔ)
* Arabic script letters: حُرُوف (ḥurūf) (script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ث, ج, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ك, ل, م, ن, هـ, و, ي

### Etymology 2

Probably from a shortened form of Arabic بَغْيْ (baḡy, “to want”).

#### Pronunciation

IPA: /bi/

#### Preposition

بِـ • (bi)
* -ing (prefix indicating the present continuous tense)
    بِيِتْكَلَّم ― biyitkallam ― he is speaking

### Etymology 3

From Arabic بِ (bi).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi/

#### Preposition

بِـ • (bi)
* with, by (a means)
    بِالْمِطْرَقة ― bi-l-miṭraga ― with a mallet

## Kashmiri
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /beː/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Kashmiri alphabet, called بے (bē) and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters (script appendix): ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, م, ن, و, ھ, ے

## Kazakh
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /ba/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Kazakh alphabet, called با and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters: әріптер (ärıpter) (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ج, چ, ح, د, ر, ز, س, ش, ع, ف, ق, ك, گ, ڭ, ل, م, ن, ە, ھ, و, ۇ, ۋ, ۆ, ى, ي

## Khowar
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /be/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب (b)
* The second letter of the Khowar alphabet, called بے and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters (script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, ݮ, چ, ݯ, ح, خ, څ, ځ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, ݱ, س, ش, ݰ, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, م, ن, و, ہ, ھ, ی, ے, ئ, ؤ, ء

## Kyrgyz
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /be/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/, /w/, /v/

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Kyrgyz alphabet, called بە and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters: тамгалар (tamgalar) (script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ﻥ, ﺕ, ﺝ, ﭺ, ﺡ, ﻑ, ﻕ, ﻉ, ك, گ, ڭ, ﻝ, ﻡ, و, ۅ, ۉ, ﯗ, ﯞ, ﺱ, ﺵ, ﺩ, ﺭ, ﺯ, ﻩ, ﻯ, ﺀ, ﺋ, ﻲ, ﻯ, ء, ۋ, ﻻ

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* (Name of letter) IPA: [bɐ]
* (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA: [b]
* (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA: [p̚]

### Letter

ب (b)
* The second letter of the Malay alphabet, called باء and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ة, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ڠ, ف, ڤ, ق, ک, ݢ, ل, م, ن, و, ۏ, ه, ء, ي, ى, ڽ

## Northern Kurdish
### Preposition

ب (bi)
* Arabic spelling of bi (“by”)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic and Persian.

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet, called با and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters (script appendix): ا, ء, ب, پ, ت, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ك, ڬ, ڭ, ل, م, ن, و, ه, ی

### Preposition

ب • (be or bi)
* with
    بخرد ― intelligent (literally, “with intelligence”)
* at; in
* to; into
* for; because of

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 229
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 313

## Pahari-Potwari
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /beː/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب (b)
* The second letter of the Pahari-Potwari alphabet, called بے (be) and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Shahmukhi script letters (script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, ࣇ, م, ن, ݨ, ں, و, ہ, ھ, ء, ی, ے

## Pashto
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /be/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Pashto alphabet, called بي and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ټ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, څ, ځ, د, ډ, ذ, ر, ړ, ز, ژ, ږ, س, ش, ښ, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, ګ, ل, م, ن, ڼ, ں, و, ه, ۀ, ي, ې, ی, ۍ, ئ

## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme, all dialects) IPA: /b/
** (Early Classical Persian, after a vowel) IPA: [β]
** (Early Classical Persian, between vowels) IPA: [β], [w]
*** The phonemes /b/ and /w/ were not strongly distinguished inter-vocally until late Classical Persian.
* (letter name)
** (Classical Persian, Dari) IPA: /bɑː/, /beː/
** (Iran) IPA: /bɒː/, /be/
*** Audio (Iran):(file)
** (Tajik) IPA: /bɔː/, /beː/

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Persian alphabet, called به or بِ and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters: حروف (horuf) (script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, م, ن, و, ه, ی

## Punjabi
### Alternative forms

* Gurmukhi letter: ਬ (babbā)

### Etymology

From Classical Persian ب (bē), from Arabic ب (bāʔ).

### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /beː/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Punjabi alphabet, called بے (be) and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Shahmukhi script letters: اکّھر (script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, ࣇ, م, ن, ݨ, ں, ہ, و, ی, ے

## Sindhi
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /be/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Sindhi alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters: اکر (akharu) (script appendix): ا, ب, ٻ, ڀ, ت, ٿ, ٽ, ٺ, ث, پ, ج, ڄ, جھ, ڃ, چ, ڇ, ح, خ, د, ڌ, ڏ, ڊ, ڍ, ذ, ر, ڙ, ڙھ, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ڦ, ق, ڪ, ک, گ, ڳ, گھ, ڱ, ل, م, ن, ڻ, و, ه, ء, ي

## South Levantine Arabic

Picture dictionary :
ب
فوق
تحت
بـ/
في
قدام
ورا
على
جنب
بين :

### Etymology

From Arabic بِ (bi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bi/, [bi]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Preposition

بـ • (bi-)
* in, at, on
    Synonym: في (fi)
* with, by means of
    Synonym: في (fi)

### Particle

بـ • (b-)
* prefix indicating the present tense

## Tunisian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بِ (bi).

### Preposition

ب (b)
* with
    نحب قهوة بالحليب ― nḥib qahwa b-li-ḥlīb ― I like coffee with milk
    ترعش بالخوف ― turʕuš bi-l-ḵūf ― She is shaking with fear

#### Inflection
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): (Standard Urdu) IPA: /beː/
* (phoneme): (Standard Urdu) IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The second letter of the Urdu alphabet, called بے (be) and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Arabic script letters: حُرُوف (hurūf) (script appendix): ا (آ, أ, إ), ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, م, ن, ں, ہ, ھ, و, ی, ے, ء (ئ, ؤ, هٔ, أ, إ), ◌ٰ

## Uyghur
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /be/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب • (b)
* The third letter of the Uyghur alphabet, called بە (be) and written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Previous letter: ئە (e)
* Next letter: پ (p)

## Yoruba
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /bi/
* (phoneme): IPA: /b/

### Letter

ب (b)
* The second letter of the Yoruba alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

#### Forms

| Isolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
| ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |

#### See also

* Previous letter: ا
* Next letter: د