# 槓

| 槓 | U+69D3, &#27091; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-69D3 |
| ← 槒 [U+69D2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 槔 → [U+69D4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

槓 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木一月金 (DMBC), four-corner 4198$_6$, composition ⿰木貢)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 546, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15343
* Dae Jaweon: page 934, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1260, character 4
* Unihan data for U+69D3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 貢 (OC *koːŋs).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gàng (gang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^3$ / gung$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gáung
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kàng / kòng / kǹg
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^3$ / gong$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$kaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gàng
*** Wade–Giles: kang$^4$
*** Yale: gàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganq
*** Palladius: ган (gan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^3$ / gung$^3$
*** Yale: gong / gung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^3$ / gung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^3$ / gung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ³³/, /kʊŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gáung
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑuŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàng
*** Tâi-lô: kàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaxng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòng
*** Tâi-lô: kòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koxng
*** IPA (Singapore): /kɔŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǹg
*** Tâi-lô: kǹg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kngx
*** IPA (Taipei): /kŋ̍¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kŋ̍²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^3$ / gong$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng / kòng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ²¹³/, /koŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$kaon
*** MiniDict: kaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$kaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃³⁴/

#### Definitions

槓
* thick rod; thick pole
* (gymnastics) bar
    雙槓／双杠 ― shuānggàng ― parallel bars
* stout poles used to carry a coffin
* rod-shaped part of a machine
    保險槓／保险杠 ― bǎoxiǎngàng ― bumper
* thick line (Classifier: 道 m)
* to cross out; to strike out
* to whet
* to argue; to bicker
    Synonym: 抬槓 / 抬杠 (táigàng)
* (mahjong) kong

##### Usage notes

* When playing mahjong, this word is said as a call when declaring a kong.

##### Descendants

* English: kong
* Japanese: 槓(カン) (kan)

#### Compounds

* 保險槓 / 保险杠 (bǎoxiǎngàng)
* 倔槓頭 / 倔杠头
* 單槓 / 单杠 (dāngàng)
* 大抬其槓 / 大抬其杠
* 大槓 / 大杠
* 抬槓 / 抬杠 (táigàng)
* 插槓子 / 插杠子 (chā gàngzi)
* 搶槓 / 抢杠 (qiǎnggàng)
* 撬槓 / 撬杠 (qiàogàng)
* 攀槓子 / 攀杠子
* 敲竹槓 / 敲竹杠 (qiāo zhúgàng)
* 明槓 / 明杠 (mínggàng)
* 暗槓 / 暗杠 (àngàng)
* 槓上了 / 杠上了 (gàngshàngle)
* 槓上開花 / 杠上开花 (gàngshàng kāihuā)
* 槓刀 / 杠刀
* 槓刀布 / 杠刀布
* 槓夫 / 杠夫 (gàngfū)
* 槓子 / 杠子 (gàngzi)
* 槓子火燒 / 杠子火烧
* 槓子頭 / 杠子头
* 槓房 / 杠房
* 槓桿 / 杠杆 (gànggǎn)
* 槓桿定律 / 杠杆定律
* 槓槓的 / 杠杠的
* 槓牌 / 杠牌
* 槓鈴 / 杠铃 (gànglíng)
* 槓頭 / 杠头 (gàngtóu)
* 槓龜 / 杠龟 (gàngguī)
* 盤槓子 / 盘杠子
* 穿心槓子 / 穿心杠子
* 竹槓 / 竹杠 (zhúgàng)
* 起槓 / 起杠
* 開槓 / 开杠 (kāigàng)
* 雙槓 / 双杠 (shuānggàng)
* 高低槓 / 高低杠 (gāodīgàng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): lung$^5$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lung$^5$
*** Yale: lúhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lung$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lung$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊŋ¹³/

#### Definitions

槓
* (Cantonese) Alternative form of 籠 / 笼 (“trunk; chest; large box”)

### References

* “槓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* lever

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Tō-on: カン (kan)
* Kun: てこ (teko, 槓)

#### Compounds

* 槓(こう)桿(かん) (kōkan, “lever”)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 槓
* カン Hyōgai
* tōon
From Mandarin 槓 / 杠 (gàng).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

### Noun

槓(カン) • (kan)
* (mahjong) Short for 槓子 (kantsu): a set of four identical tiles
* (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong):
** for a 明槓 (minkan, “open kan”), the player calling should have a 暗刻 (ankō, “closed triplet”) in hand and the current discarded tile is the fourth tile
** for a 加槓 (kakan, “added kan”), the player should have an 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) beforehand and the fourth tile must be self-drawn
** for an 暗槓 (ankan, “closed kan”), the player calling must simply have all four tiles in hand

#### Coordinate terms

* 吃(チー) (chī, “call for a sequence”, compare English chow)
* 碰(ポン) (pon, “call for an open triplet”, compare English pung)

#### Derived terms

* 槓(カン)子(ツ) (kantsu)
* 槓(カン)ドラ (kandora)
* 暗(アン)槓(カン) (ankan)
* 加(カ)槓(カン) (kakan)
* 搶(チャン)槓(カン) (chankan)
* 明(ミン)槓(カン) (minkan)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

槓 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

槓: Hán Nôm readings: cổng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.