# 里

| 里 | U+91CC, &#37324; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CC |
| ← 釋 [U+91CB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 重 → [U+91CD] |
| ⾥ | U+2FA5, &#12197; KANGXI RADICAL VILLAGE |
| ← ⾤ [U+2FA4] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾦ → [U+2FA6] |
| 里 | U+F9E9, &#63977; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E9 |
| ← 裡 [U+F9E8] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 離 → [U+F9EA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

里 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 田土 (WG), four-corner 6010$_4$, composition ⿱田土)
* Kangxi radical #166, ⾥.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/里
* 俚, 哩, 埋, 娌, 悝, 捚, 浬, 狸/貍, 䧉, 梩, 理, 瓼, 裡/裏, 粴, 䋥, 艃, 鋰(锂), 鯉(鲤)
* 黒, 荲, 童, 厘, 㢆, 㾖, 廛, 黙
* 𠗔, 𢃇, 𨓦, 𩧹, 𭮔, 𤖃, 𥚃, 𭻕, 𥆼, 𥓄, 𦎐, 𦓵, 𦕸, 𧋎, 𧻲, 𨁫, 𪱁, 𩳓, 𭧰
* 𨛋, 𥆤, 𮭧, 𫙣, 𭴬, 𧚣, 𠫶, 𪜽, 𫭬, 𠹈, 𩭇, 𨴻, 𪟯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1291, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40131
* Dae Jaweon: page 1791, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3680, character 1
* Unihan data for U+91CC
* Unihan data for U+F9E9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 里 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 埋 | *mrɯː |
| 霾 | *mrɯː |
| 薶 | *mrɯː |
| 榸 | *ʔr'ɯː |
| 厘 | *rɯ |
| 狸 | *rɯ |
| 貍 | *p·rɯ |
| 梩 | *rɯ |
| 艃 | *rɯ |
| 里 | *rɯʔ |
| 理 | *rɯʔ |
| 鯉 | *rɯʔ |
| 俚 | *rɯʔ |
| 悝 | *rɯʔ, *km̥ʰlɯː |
| 娌 | *rɯʔ |
| 裏 | *rɯʔ |
| 荲 | *r̥ʰɯɡ, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 田 (“field”) + 土 (“soil; earth”) – a measure of land and fields; mile; place.

### Etymology 1

* 里 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 里 (Cantonese)
* 里 (Wu)
* Li (unit) (English)
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-wa (“village”) (STEDT). Cognate with 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) "hill, mound" & 街 (OC *kreː, *kreː) "road crossing, street"; outsides Sinitic, cognate with Mizo khua (“village”), Lai khûa (“village, cosmos”), Burmese ရွာ (rwa, “village”); Schuessler (2007) also proposes cognacy with Tibetan ར་བ (ra ba, “fence, enclosure, wall, pen”) by pointing to a semantic parallel between English town and German Zaun (“fence”).
Alternatively, possibly related to 理 (lǐ) "to divide into equal sections", yet Schuessler also noted that early Chinese villages were not systematically planned and platted.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǐ (li$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lei$^5$ / lei$^{5-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lei$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): li / lí
    (Meixian, Guangdong): li$^1$ / li$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): lī
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): li$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
*** Wade–Giles: li$^3$
*** Yale: lǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lei$^5$ / lei$^{5-2}$
*** Yale: léih / léi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lei$^5$ / lei$^{5-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: léi$^5$ / léi$^{5-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /lei̯¹³/, /lei̯¹³⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lei²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li / lí
*** Hakka Romanization System: li / li$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^4$ / li$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/, /li³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: li$^1$ / li$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁴⁴/, /li³¹/
* Meixian:
** li1 - vernacular (unit of distance);
** li3 - literary (native place, neighborhood).
* Middle Chinese: liX
Rime :
| Character | 里 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 良士切 |
| Baxter | liX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /liə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lei$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*(mə.)rəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 里 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ li$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*(mə.)rəʔ/ |
| English | li (measure of distance); village |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 里 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7826 |
| Phonetic component | 里 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 里 |
| Old Chinese | /*rɯʔ/ |

#### Definitions

里
* li (a unit of distance equal to half a kilometre in modern Mainland China)
    公里 ― gōnglǐ ― kilometre
* neighbourhood (formal or informal grouping of adjacent dwellings; the size vary according to different historical sources)
    鄰里／邻里 ― línlǐ ― neighbours
* urban village (an administrative unit in the Republic of China)
* village (an administrative unit in South Korea and North Korea)
* lane (a type of road in Hong Kong)
* a surname

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 里(り) (ri)
* → Korean: 리(里) (ri)
* → Vietnamese: lý (里)
Others:
* English: li

##### Compounds

* 一日千里 (yīrì qiānlǐ)
* 一瀉千里 (yīxièqiānlǐ)
* 一舉千里
* 七里 (Qīlǐ)
* 七里坪 (Qīlǐpíng)
* 七里塘 (Qīlǐtáng)
* 七里塔 (Qīlǐtǎ)
* 七里岩 (Qīlǐyán)
* 七里香 (qīlǐxiāng)
* 三十里堡 (Sānshílǐpù)
* 下城里
* 三里 (Sānlǐ)
* 下里 (xiàlǐ)
* 三里崗
* 下里巴人 (xiàlǐbārén)
* 不遠千里 (bùyuǎnqiānlǐ)
* 不遠萬里 / 不远万里 (bùyuǎnwànlǐ)
* 九里 (Jiǔlǐ)
* 五里 (Wǔlǐ)
* 五里鋪 (Wǔlǐpù)
* 五里霧
* 伊里其 (Yīlǐqí)
* 佳里 (Jiālǐ)
* 俄里 (élǐ)
* 傻里傻氣 (shǎlishǎqì)
* 克里姆林宮 (Kèlǐmǔlín gōng)
* 克里陽 (Kèlǐyáng)
* 克里雅 (Kèlǐyǎ)
* 八里 (Bālǐ)
* 公里 (gōnglǐ)
* 六里坪 (Liùlǐpíng)
* 六里沖 (Liùlǐchōng)
* 前程萬里
* 劈里啪啦
* 加利波里
* 加里曼丹 (Jiālǐmàndān)
* 勒里勒得
* 勿里洞島
* 北里
* 十里 (Shílǐ)
* 十里堡 (Shílǐpù)
* 十里洋場 (shílǐyángchǎng)
* 十里鋪 (Shílǐpù)
* 十里長亭
* 千里 (qiānlǐ)
* 千里一曲
* 千里命駕
* 千里猶面
* 千里眼 (qiānlǐyǎn)
* 千里移檄
* 千里足
* 千里迢迢 (qiānlǐtiáotiáo)
* 千里迢遙
* 千里達 (Qiānlǐdá)
* 千里鏡 (qiānlǐjìng)
* 千里馬 (qiānlǐmǎ)
* 千里駒
* 千里鵝毛
* 卡路里 (kǎlùlǐ)
* 可可西里 (Kěkěxīlǐ)
* 后里 (Hòulǐ)
* 吉里巴斯 (Jílǐbāsī)
* 咫尺千里
* 咫尺萬里
* 四里棚 (Sìlǐpéng)
* 圖格里克 (túgélǐkè)
* 地里
* 坨里
* 埔里 (Pǔlǐ)
* 塔里木 (Tǎlǐmù)
* 塔里木河 (Tǎlǐmù Hé)
* 墟里 (xūlǐ)
* 大里 (Dàlǐ)
* 太麻里 (Tàimálǐ)
* 密蘇里州
* 密蘇里河
* 富里 (Fùlǐ)
* 封侯萬里
* 尤里西斯
* 尺寸千里
* 尺幅千里 (chǐfúqiānlǐ)
* 居里 (jūlǐ)
* 州里
* 巴人下里
* 巴里島
* 布里亞族
* 布里斯托 (Bùlǐsītuō)
* 平康里
* 平方公里 (píngfāng gōnglǐ)
* 庫里爾臺 / 库里尔台
* 德里 (Délǐ)
* 志在千里
* 懸旌萬里 / 悬旌万里
* 戚里
* 掛冠歸里 / 挂冠归里
* 推輦歸里 / 推辇归里
* 故里 (gùlǐ)
* 斯里蘭卡 (Sīlǐlánkǎ)
* 斯里賈亞瓦德納普拉科特 / 斯里贾亚瓦德纳普拉科特 (Sīlǐ Jiǎyàwǎdénàpǔlā Kētè)
* 新德里 (Xīn Délǐ)
* 方里
* 旋里
* 日行千里 (rì xíng qiānlǐ)
* 明見萬里 / 明见万里
* 明鑒萬里 / 明鉴万里
* 晴空萬里 (qíngkōngwànlǐ)
* 村里
* 格里曆 (Gélǐlì)
* 梓里
* 模里西斯 (Mólǐxīsī)
* 歇斯底里 (xiēsīdǐlǐ)
* 毛里塔尼亞 (Máolǐtǎníyà)
* 毛里求斯 (Máolǐqiúsī)
* 毫釐千里
* 水里 (Shuǐlǐ)
* 決勝千里 / 决胜千里
* 沒地里
* 決策千里
* 沃野千里
* 流血千里
* 海里 (hǎilǐ)
* 滿洲里 (Mǎnzhōulǐ)
* 滴里嘟嚕
* 滴里搭拉
* 烏孜別里 / 乌孜别里 (Wūzībiélǐ)
* 烏蘇里江 / 乌苏里江 (Wūsūlǐ Jiāng)
* 牖里
* 玉里 (Yùlǐ)
* 珂里
* 甪里 (Lùlǐ)
* 田里 (tiánlǐ)
* 百里 (bǎilǐ)
* 百里之才
* 百里侯
* 百里洲 (Bǎilǐzhōu)
* 百里香 (bǎilǐxiāng)
* 的黎波里 (Dīlíbōlǐ)
* 相去萬里
* 萬里 (wànlǐ)
* 萬里之望
* 萬里侯
* 萬里同風 / 万里同风
* 萬里封侯
* 萬里江山
* 萬里迢迢
* 萬里長城 / 万里长城 (Wànlǐ Chángchéng)
* 萬里鵬程 / 万里鹏程
* 萬里鵬翼 / 万里鹏翼
* 稀里嘩啦
* 稀里打哄
* 竹里真 (Zhúlǐzhēn)
* 精奇里江 (Jīngqílǐ Jiāng)
* 糊里糊塗
* 羑里
* 舉目千里
* 舳艫千里
* 英買里 (Yīngmǎilǐ)
* 英里 (yīnglǐ)
* 草里 (Cǎolǐ)
* 蒼蠅附驥尾而致千里 / 苍蝇附骥尾而致千里 (cāngying fù jì wěi ér zhì qiānlǐ)
* 蒿里
* 蠅附驥尾而致千里 / 蝇附骥尾而致千里 (yíng fù jì wěi ér zhì qiānlǐ)
* 街里街坊
* 西西里島 (Xīxīlǐ Dǎo)
* 角里
* 謬以千里
* 豪釐千里
* 貝里拉
* 貝里斯 (Bèilǐsī)
* 負笈千里
* 賽里木 (Sàilǐmù)
* 赤地千里
* 跋涉千里 (báshèqiānlǐ)
* 跛鱉千里 (bǒbiēqiānlǐ)
* 跬步千里
* 蹀里蹀斜
* 軸艫千里 / 轴舻千里
* 轉戰千里 / 转战千里
* 轉鬥千里 / 转斗千里
* 返里
* 迢迢千里 (tiáotiáoqiānlǐ)
* 運籌千里 / 运筹千里
* 道里
* 達里雅布依 (Dálǐyǎ Bùyī)
* 邑里
* 鄉里 (xiānglǐ)
* 鄉里小人
* 鄰里 (línlǐ)
* 鄰里鄉黨 / 邻里乡党
* 里人
* 里仁為美
* 里君
* 里宰
* 里居
* 里巷 (lǐxiàng)
* 里幹事
* 里拉 (lǐlā)
* 里斯本 (Lǐsīběn)
* 里昂 (Lǐ'áng)
* 里正 (lǐzhèng)
* 里民 (lǐmín)
* 里民大會
* 里港 (Lǐgǎng)
* 里爾 (Lǐ'ěr)
* 里社
* 里程 (lǐchéng)
* 里程碑 (lǐchéngbēi)
* 里老
* 里耳
* 里肌 (lǐjī)
* 里胥
* 里舍
* 里語
* 里談巷議 / 里谈巷议
* 里諺
* 里豪
* 里長 (lǐzhǎng)
* 里門
* 里閈
* 里閭
* 里黨
* 鐵干里克 (Tiěgānlǐkè)
* 鐵木里克 (Tiěmùlǐkè)
* 長里崗 / 长里岗
* 長風萬里 / 长风万里
* 閭里 (lǘlǐ)
* 闕里
* 阿里 (Ālǐ)
* 阿里山 (Ālǐshān)
* 阿里郎 (Ālǐláng)
* 離題萬里 / 离题万里 (lítíwànlǐ)
* 霍里
* 香格里拉 (Xiānggélǐlā)
* 馬德里 (Mǎdélǐ)
* 馬里布 (Mǎlǐbù)
* 馬里蘭 / 马里兰 (Mǎlǐlán)
* 騰格里湖
* 鵬程萬里 / 鹏程万里 (péngchéngwànlǐ)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: li
*** Sinological IPA : /li/

#### Definitions

里
* (Xiang) Particle indicating the word preceding it is used as an adverb.

##### Synonyms

* (chiefly Mandarin) 地 (de)

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 里 – see 裡 (“in; inside; during; within; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 裏, which is in turn the simplified form of 裡).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### References

* “里”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
* Kun: さと (sato, 里, Jōyō)、みちのり (michinori, 里)
* Nanori: か (ka)、さ (sa)、さとし (satoshi)、と (to)、のり (nori)

#### Compounds

* 里(り)程(てい) (ritei)
* 里(り)謡(よう) (riyō)
* 旧(きゅう)里(り) (kyūri, “hometown”)
* 郷(きょう)里(り) (kyōri)
* 五(ご)里(り)霧(む)中(ちゅう) (gorimuchū)
* 条(じょう)里(り) (jōri)
* 千(せん)里(り) (senri)
* 千(せん)里(り)眼(がん) (senrigan)
* 村(そん)里(り) (sonri)
* 遊(ゆう)里(り) (yūri)
* 露(ろ)里(り) (rori, “verst”)
* 巴(パ)里(リ) (Pari, “Paris”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 里
* さと Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 郷
⟨sato$_1$⟩ → */satʷo/ → /sato/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *sato.
Ultimately derivation unknown. Theories include a compound of either 小 (sa-, “short”) or 狭 (sa-, “narrow”) + 所 (to, “place”) or 戸 (to, “door”). Other theories have been suggested but are unlikely.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さと [sàtó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sa̠to̞]

#### Noun

里(さと) • (sato)
* 郷: a village
    Synonyms: 村 (mura), 村里 (murazato)
* a country house
* 郷: one's hometown
    Synonyms: 田舎 (inaka), 故郷 (kokyō)
* the country, countryside
* the original home of a household member (such as a wife, adoptee, or other person who has joined the household from outside)
* a separate home or boarding situation to which one's own children are sent for upbringing or education
* a red-light district
    Synonym: 遊里 (yūri)
* one's birth, parentage, origins
* (slang, red-light district) boorishness, hickishness
* the lay world (as opposed to life within a temple)

#### Derived terms

* 里(サト)芋(イモ) (satoimo, “taro”)
* 里(さと)親(おや) (satōya, “foster parent”)
* 里(さと)子(ご) (satogo, “foster child”)
* 里(さと)心(ごころ) (satogokoro)
* 里(さと)山(やま) (satoyama, “satoyama”)
* 人(ひと)里(ざと) (hitozato)
* ふるさと (furusato, “old hometown”)
* 山(やま)里(ざと) (yamazato)

#### Adjective

里(さと) • (sato) -na (adnominal 里(さと)な (sato na), adverbial 里(さと)に (sato ni))
* (slang, red-light district) boorish, hickish

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 里だろ | さとだろ | sato daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 里で | さとで | sato de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 里だ | さとだ | sato da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 里な | さとな | sato na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 里なら | さとなら | sato nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 里であれ | さとであれ | sato de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 里ではない 里じゃない | さとではない さとじゃない | sato de wa nai sato ja nai |
| Informal past | 里だった | さとだった | sato datta |
| Informal negative past | 里ではなかった 里じゃなかった | さとではなかった さとじゃなかった | sato de wa nakatta sato ja nakatta |
| Formal | 里です | さとです | sato desu |
| Formal negative | 里ではありません 里じゃありません | さとではありません さとじゃありません | sato de wa arimasen sato ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 里でした | さとでした | sato deshita |
| Formal negative past | 里ではありませんでした 里じゃありませんでした | さとではありませんでした さとじゃありませんでした | sato de wa arimasen deshita sato ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 里で | さとで | sato de |
| Conditional | 里なら（ば） | さとなら（ば） | sato nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 里だったら | さとだったら | sato dattara |
| Volitional | 里だろう | さとだろう | sato darō |
| Adverbial | 里に | さとに | sato ni |
| Degree | 里さ | さとさ | satosa |

#### Proper noun

里(さと) • (Sato)
* a placename
* a surname
* a female given name

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 里
* り Grade: 2
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 里 (MC liX).
Compare modern Chinese 里 (lǐ).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) り [ríꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɾʲi]

#### Noun

里(り) • (ri)
* a unit of distance:
** under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, defined as equal to 300 歩 (bu) or 1500 尺 (shaku)
** from the early modern until the end of the Edo period, defined as equal to 36 町 (chō), approximately between 3.6 to 4.2 kilometers
** from the mid-Meiji period, defined as equal to $^{129,600}$⁄$_{33}$ meters, approximately 3.927 kilometers or 2.44 miles
* (historical) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, a unit of area for regional administration, equal to 50 戸 (ko, “houses”)

#### Derived terms

* 英(えい)里(り) (eiri, “mile”)
* 海(かい)里(り) (kairi, “nautical mile”)

#### Affix

里(り) • (ri)
* village

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 里
* さとし Grade: 2
* nanori
Likely from 聡い (satoi, “clever”), earlier satoshi. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さとし [sáꜜtòshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [sa̠to̞ɕi]

#### Proper noun

里(さとし) • (Satoshi)
* a male given name

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 里
* さと > ざと Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
Likely a voiced rendaku (連濁) version of sato above.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡za̠to̞]

#### Proper noun

里(ざと) • (Zato)
* a placename

### References

* 1 2 “さと 【里・郷】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, pages 333-334
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

里 (eumhun 마을 리 (ma'eul ri), word-initial (South Korea) 마을 이 (ma'eul i))
* hanja form of 리 (“village”)
* hanja form of 리 (“a li, a Korean "mile" of about 393 m”)

#### Compounds

* 이장 (里長, ijang, “head of a (typically rural) village”)
* 천리마 (千里馬, cheollima, “Chollima, thousand-li horse”)

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): り (ri, Jōyō)
* Kun: さとぅ (satu)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Ryukyuan *sato, from Proto-Japonic *sato (“hamlet”). The original "hamlet" sense is now only found in place names.

### Pronunciation

* (Shuri) さ​とぅ [sáꜜtù] (Kakō –)
* IPA: [satu]

#### Noun

里(さとぅ) (satu)
* (literary or poetic) beau, lover
    月も眺めたいでかやう立ち戻ら、里やわが宿に待ちゆらだいものtsichi-n nagamitai dikayo tachimudura, satu-ya waga yadu ni muchura demunuI also want to look at the moon, so come on, let's go. My darling shall be waiting at the house.

#### Usage notes

Used from a woman to a man. The term for a homeland is 親の家 (uya nu ya), and the term for a village is either 島 (shima) or 村 (mura).

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 里 (MC liX). Possibly from Japanese.

#### Suffix

里(り) (-ri)
* a unit of distance:
** under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, defined as equal to 300 Japanese 歩 (bu) or 1500 Japanese 尺 (shaku)
** from the early modern until the end of the Edo period, defined as equal to 36 Japanese 町 (chō), approximately between 3.6 to 4.2 kilometers
** from the mid-Meiji period, defined as equal to $^{129,600}$⁄$_{33}$ meters, approximately 3.927 kilometers or 2.44 miles

### References

* ↑ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

## Old Japanese
### Alternative forms

* 郷

### Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *sato.
Unknown. Theories include a compound of either 小 (sa-, “short”) or 狭 (sa-, “narrow”) + 所 (to$_1$ or to$_2$, “place”) or 戸 (to$_1$, “door”). Other theories have been suggested but are unlikely.

### Noun

里 (sato$_1$) (kana さと)
* a village
** 711–712, Kojiki, Second scroll, Emperor Suinin:於是、圓野比賣慚言「同兄弟之中、以姿醜被還之事、聞於隣里、是甚慚。」而、到山代國之相樂時、取懸樹枝而欲死、故號其地謂懸木、今云相樂。(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3782:安麻其毛理毛能母布等伎爾保等登芸須和我須武佐刀爾伎那伎等余母須amago$_2$mori mo$_2$no$_2$'mopu to$_2$ki$_1$ ni poto$_2$to$_2$gi$_1$su waga sumu sato$_1$ ni ki$_1$naki$_1$to$_2$yo$_2$mosu(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system:
** a unit of area for regional administration, defined as equal to 50 戸 (ko, “houses”)
** a unit of distance, defined as equal to 300 歩 (bu) or 1500 尺 (shaku)
* one's home of birth
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 6, poem 1026:百礒城乃大宮人者今日毛鴨暇无跡里爾不出將有momosiki no$_2$ opomi$_1$yapi$_1$to$_2$ pa ke$_1$pu mo ka mo ito$_2$ma wo nami$_1$to$_2$ sato$_1$ ni idezu aramu(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* one's hometown
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 12, poem 3134:里離遠有莫國草枕旅登之思者尚戀來sato$_1$ panare to$_2$poku aranaku ni kusamakura tabi$_1$ to$_2$ si omopeba napo ko$_1$pi$_2$nike$_1$ri(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* 里人 (sato$_1$bi$_1$to$_2$)
* ふるさと (purusato$_1$)
* 小里 (wosato$_1$)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: 里 (さと, sato)

### References

* ↑ “さと 【里・郷】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, pages 333-334

## Vietnamese
### Han character

里: Hán Việt readings: lý, lí
里: Nôm readings: lý, lái, rưới, trẻ, lia, lí, lịa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).