# 谷

| 谷 | U+8C37, &#35895; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C37 |
| ← 谶 [U+8C36] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 谸 → [U+8C38] |
| ⾕ | U+2F95, &#12181; KANGXI RADICAL VALLEY |
| ← ⾔ [U+2F94] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾖ → [U+2F96] |

## Translingual
### Han character

谷 (Kangxi radical 150, 谷+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 金人口 (COR), four-corner 8060$_8$, composition ⿳八人口)
* Kangxi radical #150, ⾕.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/谷
* 逧, 䞱, 卻, 郤, 欲, 㞃, 鵒(鹆), 容, 䘱
* 俗, 唂, 峪, 浴, 䧍, 㭲, 焀, 䀰, 硲, 裕, 綌(绤), 䎥, 䛦, 輍, 鋊
* 𠗖, 﨏, 𢂲, 𢓾, 𪫹, 𤞞, 𣃺, 𤥫, 𥙿, 𦛱, 𭻗, 𥪉, 𮎐, 𧋉, 𧣳, 𨁖, 𩣥, 𬴒, 𩷝, 𪁴, 𪑌
* 𮓧, 𭃣, 𢼽, 𤭏, 𣍂, 𬢗, 𨿜, 𭆮, 𣴲, 𪚡, 𭖦, 𫈅, 𫨊, 𪊿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1189, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36182
* Dae Jaweon: page 1652, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3902, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8C37

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 谷 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 螸 | *lo |
| 裕 | *loɡs |
| 容 | *loŋ |
| 溶 | *loŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 鎔 | *loŋ |
| 蓉 | *loŋ |
| 傛 | *loŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 褣 | *loŋ |
| 搈 | *loŋ |
| 瑢 | *loŋ |
| 嵱 | *loŋ |
| 熔 | *loŋ |
| 榕 | *loŋ |
| 塎 | *loŋʔ |
| 谷 | *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ |
| 唂 | *kloːɡ |
| 焀 | *ɡloːɡ |
| 俗 | *ljoɡ |
| 欲 | *loɡ |
| 浴 | *loɡ |
| 鵒 | *loɡ |
| 峪 | *ɦkloːɡ |
| 鋊 | *loɡ |
| 輍 | *loɡ |
| 慾 | *loɡ |
Pictogram (象形) — valley (口) in between two mountain walls represented by near-parallel lines. The original version is 𠔌. See also 㕣.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; gorge”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung) and Tibetan ལུང་པ (lung pa).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔ (gu$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): guk$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): guuk$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kuk
* Eastern Min (BUC): gók
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gog$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$koq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^3$
*** Yale: gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: guk$^1$
*** Yale: gūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: guk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: guuk$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵk̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: gug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gók
*** Sinological IPA : /kouʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorh$^6$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤h
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
*** Tâi-lô: kok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kok
*** Sinological IPA : /kok̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$koq
*** MiniDict: koh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$koq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kuwk
Rime :
| Character | 谷 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古禄切 |
| Baxter | kuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | guk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 谷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.qˁok/ |
| English | valley |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 谷 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 4299 |
| Phonetic component | 谷 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 穀 |
| Old Chinese | /*kloːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

谷
* valley; gorge; ravine
    From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
    Kǒng Míng qì chē bùxíng. Hū dào yī shān, wàngjiàn yī gǔ, xíng rú cháng shé, jiē wēiqiào shíbì, bìng wú shùmù. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* river or stream between two mountains; (in general) stream or river
    From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
    Fū shān jū ér gǔ jí zhě, lóulà ér xiàng wèi yǐ shuǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (figurative) difficult position; predicament
    進退維谷／进退维谷 ― jìntuìwéigǔ ― to be caught between a rock and a hard place
* a surname
    谷愛凌／谷爱凌 ― Gǔ Àilíng ― Eileen Gu

#### Compounds

* 下谷坪 (Xiàgǔpíng)
* 中谷有蓷
* 伊犁縱谷 / 伊犁纵谷
* 低谷 (dīgǔ)
* 出谷遷喬 / 出谷迁乔
* 函谷關 / 函谷关 (Hángǔ Guān)
* 包谷 (bāogǔ)
* 包谷花
* 千巖萬谷 / 千岩万谷
* 厓谷
* 合谷
* 嘴答谷
* 壑谷
* 大峽谷 / 大峡谷 (Dàxiágǔ)
* 太谷
* 太谷燈 / 太谷灯
* 如臨淵谷 / 如临渊谷
* 如臨深谷 / 如临深谷
* 山棲谷飲 / 山栖谷饮
* 山谷 (shāngǔ)
* 峽谷 / 峡谷 (xiágǔ)
* 崤谷
* 嶰谷
* 巔崖峻谷 / 巅崖峻谷
* 巖居谷飲 / 岩居谷饮
* 幽棲巖谷 / 幽栖岩谷
* 幽谷 (yōugǔ)
* 府谷 (Fǔgǔ)
* 張谷英 / 张谷英 (Zhānggǔyīng)
* 悲谷
* 愚公谷
* 斜谷
* 新鶯出谷 / 新莺出谷
* 方濟谷派 / 方济谷派
* 昧谷
* 暘谷 / 旸谷
* 曼谷 (Màngǔ)
* 泥封函谷
* 河谷 (hégǔ)
* 波谷 (bōgǔ)
* 海底峽谷 / 海底峡谷
* 海谷
* 深山窮谷 / 深山穷谷 (shēnshānqiónggǔ)
* 深谷 (shēngǔ)
* 溺谷
* 溪谷 (xīgǔ)
* 滿坑滿谷 / 满坑满谷 (mǎnkēngmǎngǔ)
* 澥谷
* 甘谷 (Gāngǔ)
* 白駒空谷 / 白驹空谷
* 百谷王
* 盤谷 / 盘谷 (Pángǔ)
* 矽谷 (Xīgǔ)
* 硅谷 (Guīgǔ)
* 硫磺谷
* 禺谷
* 穹谷
* 空谷
* 空谷傳聲 / 空谷传声
* 空谷傳響 / 空谷传响
* 空谷幽蘭 / 空谷幽兰
* 空谷足音
* 縱谷 / 纵谷 (zōnggǔ)
* 膠萊谷地 / 胶莱谷地
* 蒙谷
* 藏南縱谷 / 藏南纵谷
* 虛懷若谷 / 虚怀若谷 (xūhuáiruògǔ)
* 裂谷
* 西谷椰子
* 西谷米 (xīgǔmǐ)
* 谷中谷
* 谷口 (gǔkǒu)
* 谷口耕岩
* 谷地 (gǔdì)
* 谷底 (gǔdǐ)
* 谷樹皮 / 谷树皮
* 谷灣 / 谷湾
* 谷蠡 (lùlí)
* 谷谷
* 谷都
* 谷風 / 谷风 (gǔfēng)
* 谷飲 / 谷饮
* 谿谷 (xīgǔ)
* 跌至谷底
* 通谷 (tōnggǔ)
* 進退維谷 / 进退维谷 (jìntuìwéigǔ)
* 金谷
* 金谷園 / 金谷园
* 金谷墮樓 / 金谷堕楼
* 金谷酒數 / 金谷酒数
* 陵谷 (línggǔ)
* 隆河谷地
* 陽谷 / 阳谷
* 雲谷 / 云谷
* 飛谷 / 飞谷
* 高岸深谷
* 鬼谷子 (Guǐgǔzǐ)
* 鶯谷 / 莺谷
* 鹿谷 (Lùgǔ)
* 鹿谷鄉 / 鹿谷乡
* 黍谷生春

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): guk$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: guk$^1$
*** Yale: gūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: guk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊk̚⁵/

#### Definitions

谷 (Cantonese)
* to pressure
* to hasten; to boost
* to cause to swell by pressuring
* to hold back or conceal negative emotions or feelings

##### Derived terms

* 催谷
* 力谷
* 谷住度氣 / 谷住度气
* 谷奶
* 谷氣 / 谷气
* 谷爆
* 谷精上腦 / 谷精上脑
* 谷針 / 谷针

### Etymology 3

From English group. Doublet of group.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): guk$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: guk$^1$
*** Yale: gūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: guk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊk̚⁵/

#### Definitions

谷
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, social media, Internet slang) group (Classifier: 個／个 c)

##### Synonyms

* 群組／群组 (qúnzǔ)

#### Compounds

* 谷友

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): juk$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kio̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: juk$^6$
*** Yale: yuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: juk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: kio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: yowk
Rime :
| Character | 谷 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余蜀切 |
| Baxter | yowk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭwok̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | juk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·loːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 谷 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 4310 |
| Phonetic component | 谷 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 欲 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·loːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

谷
* Only used in 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”) and 谷渾／谷浑 (Yùhún, “surname”).

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lù (lu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): luk$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lù
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lù
*** Wade–Giles: lu$^4$
*** Yale: lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
*** Palladius: лу (lu)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: luk$^6$
*** Yale: luhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: luk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊk̚²/
* Middle Chinese: luwk
Rime :
| Character | 谷 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 盧谷切 |
| Baxter | luwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /luk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /luk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /luk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ləwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /luk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /luk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /luk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | luk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦkroːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 谷 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 4298 |
| Phonetic component | 谷 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 禄 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦkroːɡ/ |
| Notes | 見史記 |

#### Definitions

谷
* Only used in 谷蠡王 (lùlíwáng) and 谷蠡 (lùlí, “title for Xiongnu officials”).

### Etymology 6

* For pronunciation and definitions of 谷 – see 穀 (“corn; grain; cereal; foxtail millet, the plant or the unhulled grain); etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 穀).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* valley
* lowland, plain

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC kuwk, “valley, gorge”):
* Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
* Kun: たに (tani, 谷, Jōyō)、きわまる (kiwamaru, 谷まる)、や (ya, 谷)、やつ (yatsu, 谷)
* Nanori: ひろ (hiro)
From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC yowk), as in 吐谷渾 (Toyokukon, “Tuyuhun”):
* Go-on: よく (yoku)
* Kan-on: よく (yoku)
From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC luwk), as in 谷蠡 (Rokuri):
* Go-on: ろく (roku)
* Kan-on: ろく (roku)

#### Compounds

* 谷(こく)風(ふう) (kokufū)
* 峡(きょう)谷(こく) (kyōkoku)
* 空(くう)谷(こく) (kūkoku)
* 渓(けい)谷(こく), 谿(けい)谷(こく) (keikoku)
* 幽(ゆう)谷(こく) (yūkoku)
* 蟀谷(こめかみ) (komekami)
* 吐(と)谷(よく)渾(こん) (Toyokukon)
* 長谷(はせ) (Hase)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 谷
* たに Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 渓 谿
From Old Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たに [tàníꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ta̠ɲ̟i]

#### Noun

谷(たに) • (tani)
* a valley (elongated depression between hills or mountains)
* a trough (low portion of a wave cycle)
* an intersection of two receding roof slopes

##### Derived terms

* 谷(たに)間(あい), 谷(たに)あい (taniai)
* 谷(たに)風(かぜ) (tanikaze)
* 谷(たに)川(かわ) (Tanikawa)
* 谷(たに)川(がわ) (tanigawa)
* 谷(たに)底(そこ) (tanisoko)
* 谷(たに)間(ま) (tanima)

#### Proper noun

谷(たに) • (Tani)
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 谷
* やつ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 谷津

#### Noun

谷(やつ) • (yatsu)
* a low-lying wetland
* a valley

##### Derived terms

* 谷(やつ)谷(やつ), 谷(やつ)々(やつ) (yatsuyatsu)
* 谷(やつ)七(しち)郷(ごう) (Yatsu Shichigō)
* 谷(やつ)田(だ) (yatsuda)
* 扇(おうぎ)ヶ谷(やつ) (Ōgigayatsu)
* 葛(か)西(さい)ヶ谷(やつ) (Kasaigayatsu)
* 亀(かめ)ヶ谷(やつ) (Kamegayatsu)
* 桐(きり)ヶ谷(やつ) (Kirigayatsu)
* 月影(つき)ヶ谷(げヶやつ) (Tsukikagegayatsu)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 谷
* や Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
Possibly a shift from yatsu above.

#### Noun

谷(や) • (ya)
* a valley

##### Derived terms

* 谷(や)倉(ぐら) (yagura)
* 谷地(やち), 野地(やち) (yachi)
* 谷津(やつ) (Yatsu)
* 谷(や)中(なか) (Yanaka)
* 市(いち)ヶ谷(や) (Ichigaya)
* 岩(いわ)谷(や), 巖(いわ)谷(や) (Iwaya)
* 越(こしが)谷(や) (Koshigaya)
* 指(さし)ヶ谷(や) (Sashigaya)
* 世田谷(せたがや) (Setagaya)
* 雑司(ぞうし)ヶ谷(や) (Zōshigaya)
* 鳩(はと)ヶ谷(や) (Hatogaya)
* 深谷(ふかや) (Fukaya)
* 保土(ほど)ヶ谷(や) (Hodogaya)
* 程(ほど)ヶ谷(や) (Hodogaya)
* 四谷(よつや) (Yotsuya)
* 渋谷(しぶや) (Shibuya)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 谷
* やち Grade: 2
* irregular
* Alternative spellings
* 谷地 野地
Variant shift from yatsu above.

#### Noun

谷(やち) • (yachi)
* (regional) Same as やつ (yatsu) above

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 谷
* やと Grade: 2
* irregular
* Alternative spelling
* 谷戸
Another variant shift from yatsu above.

#### Noun

谷(やと) • (yato)
* Same as やつ (yatsu) above

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 谷
* Grade: 2
* irregular
* Alternative spelling
* 迫
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

谷(さこ) • (sako)
* (regional, especially Kansai) a small valley

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC kuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 곡 (kwok) (Yale: kwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Hanja

Wikisource 谷 (eumhun 골 곡 (gol gok))
* hanja form of 곡 (“valley”)

#### Compounds

* 계곡 (溪谷, gyegok)
* 곡풍 (谷風, gokpung)
* 산곡 (山谷, san'gok)
* 협곡 (峽谷, hyeopgok)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC yowk). Recorded as Middle Korean 욕〮 (ywók) (Yale: yok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Hanja

谷 (eumhun 나라 이름 욕 (nara ireum yok))
* (historical) hanja form of 욕 (“Only used in 토욕혼 (吐谷渾, toyokhon, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”)”)

### Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC luwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 록〮 (Yale: lwok) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

#### Hanja

谷 (eumhun 벼슬 이름 록 (byeoseul ireum rok), word-initial (South Korea) 벼슬 이름 녹 (byeoseul ireum nok))
* (historical) hanja form of 록/녹 (“Only used in 녹려 (谷蠡, nongnyeo, title for Xiongnu officials)”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

谷: Hán Nôm readings: cốc, góc, hốc, dục, thung, lủng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.