# gram
## English
### Alternative forms

* gramme (chiefly British)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɹæm/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æm
* Homophone: graham (some pronunciations)

### Etymology 1

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”). Doublet of gramma.

#### Noun

gram (plural grams)
* A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.
    Holonyms: kilogram < megagram < gigagram
    Meronyms: picogram < nanogram < microgram < milligram

##### Derived terms

* attogram
* centimeter-gram-second
* Christogram
* connectogram
* corrgram
* erythrogram
* exagram
* femtogram
* gigagram
* gram atom
* gram calorie
* gram degree
* gram equivalent
* grammage
* gram-molecular weight
* gram molecule
* hectokilogram
* kinetogram
* megagram
* metergram
* multigram
* myriagram
* petagram
* picogram
* quectogram
* quettagram
* ronnagram
* rontogram
* stereogram
* subgram
* syllectogram
* teragram
* yoctogram
* yottagram
* zeptogram
* zettagram

##### Translations
#### See also

* kilogram
* milligram
* List of SI units

### Etymology 2

From obsolete Portuguese gram (modern Portuguese grão), from Latin grānum. Doublet of corn, grain, granum, and grao.

#### Noun

gram (countable and uncountable, plural grams)
* A leguminous plant grown for its seeds, especially the chickpea.
** 1870, Henry Letheby, On Food, page 22:The next class of farinaceous foods are the Pulses, as peas, beans, and lentils of this country, and the dholls and grams of India.
* (uncountable) The seeds of these plants.

##### Derived terms

* Bengal gram
* black gram
* gram flour
* green gram
* horse gram

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Diminutive of grandmother.

#### Noun

gram (plural grams)
* (colloquial) Grandmother.

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

gram (plural grams)
* (broadcasting, dated) A gramophone recording.

### Etymology 5

Clipping of Instagram.

#### Proper noun

gram
* Alternative form of 'gram (“Instagram”).

#### Noun

gram (plural grams)
* Alternative form of 'gram (“Instagram”).

#### Verb

gram (third-person singular simple present grams, present participle gramming, simple past and past participle grammed)
* Alternative form of 'gram (“Instagram”).

##### Derived terms

* regram

### Etymology 6
#### Noun

gram
* (US) Misspelling of graham.

#### See also

* gram-negative
* gram-positive
* gram sansad

### References

* ↑ Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary. 1976. pp. 566

### Further reading

* gram on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* gram (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* GARM, MAgr, marg

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* grama, gramra, gramna — obsolete, plural forms

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɾam/
* Rhymes: -am

### Etymology 1

From Vulgar Latin *grāma (see Spanish grama) from earlier Latin grāmĭna, plural of grāmen.

#### Noun

gram m (definite grámi) (uncountable)
* couch grass
    Synonyms: krisje, troskë
* knotgrass

### Etymology 2

Internationalism, compare English gram, Italian grammo.

#### Noun

gram m (plural grámë, definite grámi, definite plural grámët)
* gram (measurement unit)
* (figurative) bit, crumb, particle
    Synonyms: thërrime, copëz

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “gram”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 121

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* “gram”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* Mann, S. E. (1948) “gram, grâm”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 132

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈɡɾam]
* Rhymes: -am

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme.

#### Noun

gram m (plural grams)
* gram (unit of mass)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin grāmen. Previously applied to grasses in general but now restricted to a few specific species.

#### Noun

gram m (plural grams)
* Bermuda grass

##### Derived terms

* gram negre
* gramera
* gramós

### Further reading

* “gram” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡram]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: gram
* Rhymes: -am

### Noun

gram m inan
* gram (unit)

#### Derived terms

* centigram
* decigram
* dekagram
* kilogram
* miligram

### Further reading

* “gram”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “gram”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse gramr, cognate with the Icelandic gramur (“resentful, irritated”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡram/, [ɡ̊ʁɑmˀ]

#### Adjective

gram
* irate

##### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

##### Related terms

* gram i hu

### Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek γραμμά (grammá).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡram/, [ɡ̊ʁɑmˀ]

#### Noun

gram n (singular definite grammet, plural indefinite gram)
* gram (unit of mass)

##### Inflection
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣrɑm/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: gram
* Rhymes: -ɑm

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma during the French Revolution, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

#### Noun

gram n or m (plural grammen, diminutive grammetje n)
* gram (unit of mass)
    Coordinate terms: kilo, ton

##### Derived terms

* centigram
* decagram
* decigram
* gramatoom
* hectogram
* kilogram
* microgram
* milligram
* nanogram

##### Descendants

* → Indonesian: gram

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch gram (“wrath”). The noun sense represents a substantivization of the adjective.

#### Adjective

gram (comparative grammer, superlative gramst)
* (rare) angry, irate

##### Derived terms

* gramschap

##### Related terms

* grimmig

#### Noun

gram m (uncountable, diminutive grammetje n)
* (rare) wrath
    Synonyms: toorn, woede, wrevel

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German gram, from Old High German gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

gram (indeclinable)
* angry
    Seit dieser Tat war er ihm auf immer gram.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Derived terms

* grämen
* vergrämen

### Further reading

* “gram” in Duden online
* “gram” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch gram, from French gramme, from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡram]
* Hyphenation: gram

### Noun

gram (uncountable)
* gram: a unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.

### Further reading

* “gram” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾˠamˠ/

### Noun

gram m (genitive singular graim, nominative plural graim)
* gram (unit of mass)

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
gram
graim
vocative
a ghraim
a ghrama
genitive
graim
gram
dative
gram
graim
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an gram
na graim
genitive
an ghraim
na ngram
dative
leis an ngram don ghram
leis na graim :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gram”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

### Adjective

gram
* angry
* sad, upset

#### Descendants

* Dutch: gram

### Further reading

* “gram”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “gram (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Etymology

From Old English gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz; cognate to Old Norse gramr. Related to grim.

### Adjective

gram
* Angry.
** c. 1300, Havelok the Dane:For he knew, the swike dam, / Euerildel God was him gram.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* English: gram

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

### Noun

gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma or grammene)
* a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.

#### Derived terms

* mikrogram

### References

* “gram” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “gram_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

### Noun

gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma)
* a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.

#### Derived terms

* mikrogram

### References

* “gram” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrɑm/

### Adjective

gram
* angry, hostile

#### Descendants

* Middle English: gram
** English: gram

## Old Norse
### Noun

gram
* accusative/dative singular of gramr

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡram/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -am
* Syllabification: gram
* Homophone: -gram

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

#### Noun

gram m inan
* gram (unit of mass)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

gram
* first-person singular present indicative of grać

### Further reading

* gram in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* gram in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Noun

gram m (plural grãos)
* Obsolete spelling of grão.

#### Descendants

* → English: gram

### Adjective

gram
* Obsolete spelling of grão.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French gramme.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡram/
* Rhymes: -am

### Noun

gram n (plural grame)
* gram (unit of mass)

#### Declension
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡram/

### Noun

gram m (plural gramichean)
* gram (unit of mass)

#### Derived terms

* cileagram (“kilogram”)
* micreo-gram (“microgram”)

#### Related terms

* tunna (“tonne”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “gram”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrâm/

### Noun

grȁm m (Cyrillic spelling гра̏м)
* gram (unit)

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

gram n
* gram (unit of mass)

#### See also

* gubbe

### References

* gram in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* gram in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* gram in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Tatar
### Noun

gram
* Latin spelling of грам (gram, “gram (unit of mass)”)

#### Declension
## Volapük
### Noun

gram (nominative plural grams)
* gram

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only