# 空

| 空 | U+7A7A, &#31354; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A7A |
| ← 穹 [U+7A79] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 穻 → [U+7A7B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

空 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十金一 (JCM), four-corner 3010$_1$, composition ⿱穴工)

#### Derived characters

* 倥, 啌, 埪, 崆, 悾, 控, 涳, 腔, 椌, 焢, 㸜, 硿, 䅝, 羫, 聜, 䆪, 谾, 躻, 鞚, 㲁, 鵼, 㾤, 箜, 曌, 瞾
* 𣈞, 𦁈, 𧌆, 𢃐, 𤗇, 𤟄, 𧚬, 𧱡, 𨨀, 𩩝, 𩣼, 𪍂, 𪥔, 𢽦, 𠓯, 𡹝, 𦱇, 𡲀, 𢈵, 𤀢, 𩭴, 𣫝, 𪔣, 𧸵, 𥧪, 𥨨, 𫁎, 𫁔
* 𭄲, 𮤶, 𮄃, 𬜖, 𮘜, 𭩇, 𭹸, 𮄏, 𬔔, 𭔠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 863, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25415
* Dae Jaweon: page 1289, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2719, character 8
* Unihan data for U+7A7A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 空
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs): semantic 穴 (“cave, hole”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)uŋ (“hole; orifice; inner part”). 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ, “hole”) is probably the endoactive derivation of 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, “hollow; empty”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁུང (khung, “hole”), Jingpho ladi hku (“nostril”), Chepang घाङ् (gʰaŋ, “hole”), Burmese ခေါင်း (hkaung:, “cavity”), Naxi ko³³ (“cave; hole; pit”) (STEDT). See also 坑 (OC *kʰraːŋ, “pit”) and 肛 (OC *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ, “anus”), which may or may not be related.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kōng (kong$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kong$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): кон (kon, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): kung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khûng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kung$^1$ / kung$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): kung$^1$ / kung$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): kó̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): kĕ̤ng / kŭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khang / khong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kang$^1$ / kong$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$khon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kong$^1$ / kong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kong
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^1$
*** Yale: kūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kong
*** Palladius: кун (kun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: kong$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kung
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: кон (kon, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^1$
*** Yale: hūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: kung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuŋ⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: kung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰuŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kung$^1$ / kung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰʊŋ⁴⁴/, /kʰʊŋ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: kung$^1$ / kung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰuŋ¹¹/, /kʰuŋ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kó̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kĕ̤ng / kŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰøyŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* kĕ̤ng - vernacular;
* kŭng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit空 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kʰuŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kʰuŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kʰəŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kʰuŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kʰuŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kʰuə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kʰũn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kʰoŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kʰoŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kʰəŋ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kʰuŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kʰũŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kʰoŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kʰoŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /kʰoŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰuʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kʰan¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰoŋ³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kʰən³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kʰuŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰuŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hoŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /huŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /huŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵/ /kʰaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰøyŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/ /kɔŋ³³/ ～闲 |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰoŋ³³/ /kʰaŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xoŋ²³/ /xaŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: khuwng
Rime :
| Character | 空 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦紅切 |
| Baxter | khuwng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤoŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 空 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰˁoŋ/ |
| English | hollow, empty; hole |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 空 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 4034 |
| Phonetic component | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 空 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰoːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

空
* empty; hollow; void
    這箱子是空的。／这箱子是空的。 ― Zhè xiāngzi shì kōng de. ― This box is empty.
       Zài hézi lǐ yǒu xiē kōng píng. [Pinyin]
       There are some empty bottles in the box.
* exhausted; emptied
* open; spacious; vast
* quiet and still; secluded
* lacking substance; fictitious; fabricated
    空話／空话 ― kōnghuà ― empty talk
* (Eastern Min) hungry
* air; sky; atmosphere
    空氣／空气 ― kōngqì ― air; atmosphere
    天空 ― tiānkōng ― the sky
    航空 ― hángkōng ― aviation
    空調／空调 ― kōngtiáo ― air conditioning
* space; outer space; cosmos; universe
    太空 ― tàikōng ― outer space
    空間／空间 ― kōngjiān ― space
* (Buddhism) sunyata; emptiness; void of the world of the senses
* (Taoism) emptiness and quiet
* in vain; for nothing
* only (left, remain, etc.)
* to exhaust
* to miss the target
* (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) hole; cavity

##### Synonyms

* (empty):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 空 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 空 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 空 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 空 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 空 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 空 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 空 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 空 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 空 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 空, 吉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 空, 吉 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 空 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 空 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 空 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 空 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 空 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 空 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 空 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 空 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 空 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 空 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 空 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 空 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 空 |
* (hungry):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 飢, 餓 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 餓, 飢餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 餓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 餓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 餓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 餓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 餓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 餓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 餓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 飢困 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 餓 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 餓 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 餓 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 餓, 飢困 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 餓, 飢困 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 飢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 餓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 飢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 餓, 飢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 餓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 飢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 餓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 餓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 飢, 餓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 飢 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 餓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 餓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 餓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 餓 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 餓 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 餓 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 餓 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 餓 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 餓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 餓 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 餓 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 餓 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 餓 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 餓 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 餓 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 餓 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 餓 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 肚餓, 餓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 肚餓, 餓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 肚胈餓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 肚胈餓 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 肚飢 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 肚飢 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 屎肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 飢 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 飢, 餓 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 飢 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 餓, 肚餓 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 餓 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 肚餓 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 餓 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 肚飢, 餓 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 餓 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 豺 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 肚胈餓 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 餓 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 肚胈餓 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 肚胈餓 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 餓 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 肚𤸁 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 肚飢, 肚胈餓 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 肚胈飢 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 肚𤸁 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 肚飢 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 肚胈餓 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 餓 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 肚屎𤸁 |
| Hakka | Changting | 腹飢, 餓 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 肚飢 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) | 豺 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) | 肚飢 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 肚飢 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 肚飢 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 腹飢 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 腹底飢, 腹飢, 餓 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Juxi) | 腹裡飢, 腹飢, 飢 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Zhongbao) | 腹飢 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Laiyuan) | 腹飢, 餓肚屎, 肚屎空 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 腹飢 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 肚飢, 肚籮捏飢 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 肚飢 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 肚飢 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 肚飢, 肚枵 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 肚飢 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 肚屎枵, 肚枵 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 肚飢, 肚屎枵, 肚枵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 肚屎枵, 肚枵 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 屎肚枵 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 餓 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 肚胈餓 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 肚餓 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 餓 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 肚屎枵, 肚屎飢, 𤸁 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 肚屎飢 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 肚飢 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Fengshun) | 肚𤸁 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 餓 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 餓 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 餓, 飢 |
| Jin | Datong | 飢 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 餓 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 餓 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 飢 |
| Jin | Linhe | 餓 |
| Jin | Jining | 餓 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 餓 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 餓, 飢 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 餓 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 餓 |
| Jin | Handan | 餓, 飢 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 飢 |
| Jin | Suide | 餓 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 腹飢, 餓 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 空, 枵 dated |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 腹肚枵 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 枵, 腹肚枵 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 枵, 腹肚枵 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 枵, 腹肚枵 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 枵, 肚困, 肚枵 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 肚困, 枵 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 肚困, 枵 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 肚困 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 肚枵 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 枵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 肚困, 枵 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 肚困 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 困, 肚困 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 困, 肚困 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 枵, 飢 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 枵 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 枵, 飢 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 枵 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 枵 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 枵 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 枵 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 肚餓 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 餓, 肚餓 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 餓 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 餓 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 肚飢 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 餓 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 肚飢 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 餓, 䐬 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 肚䐬, 餓 intensified |
* (hole):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 孔, 洞, 穴 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴, 窿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 窟窿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 洞 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 窟窿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窟窿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 窟窿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 窟窿子, 窟窿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 窟窿, 洞洞, 洞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 窿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窟窿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 洞, 窟窿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 窟窿, 洞 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窿, 咕窿 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 窿, 咕窿 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 孔 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 窿 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 窿 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 窿 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 洞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窿仔, 窿空仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 空 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 空 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 空 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 空 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 空 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 空 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窟窿, 窟子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 川 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 空空 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 空, 空口 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 空口 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 空 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 空, 洞 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 空 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 空 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 窿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 洞 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 洞, 窟, 窟窿 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 窟窿 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 洞, 洞子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 眼貢, 洞 |

#### Compounds

* 一場空 / 一场空
* 一掃而空 / 一扫而空 (yīsǎo'érkōng)
* 一紙空文 / 一纸空文 (yīzhǐkōngwén)
* 三度空間 / 三度空间
* 上空 (shàngkōng)
* 三維空間 / 三维空间
* 不空
* 不落空
* 中空 (zhōngkōng)
* 乘空
* 二空
* 低空 (dīkōng)
* 先缺後空 / 先缺后空
* 兩手空空 / 两手空空 (liǎngshǒukōngkōng)
* 公空
* 凌空 (língkōng)
* 利空
* 利空出盡 / 利空出尽
* 制空
* 制空權 / 制空权 (zhìkōngquán)
* 前出後空 / 前出后空
* 前空翻 (qiánkōngfān)
* 劈空
* 匏瓜空懸 / 匏瓜空悬
* 十室九空 (shíshìjiǔkōng)
* 十轉九空 / 十转九空
* 升空 (shēngkōng)
* 半空 (bànkōng)
* 半空中
* 半空裡 / 半空里
* 司空 (sīkōng)
* 司空伎倆 / 司空伎俩
* 司空見慣 / 司空见惯 (sīkōngjiànguàn)
* 吃空茶
* 唱空城計 / 唱空城计 (chàng kōngchéngjì)
* 囊空如洗
* 四大皆空
* 四度空間 / 四度空间
* 團空 / 团空
* 土空
* 坐吃山空 (zuòchīshānkōng)
* 塌空
* 壓縮空氣 / 压缩空气 (yāsuō kōngqì)
* 外太空 (wàitàikōng)
* 多空交戰 / 多空交战
* 夜空 (yèkōng)
* 大司空
* 天空 (tiānkōng)
* 太空 (tàikōng)
* 太空人 (tàikōngrén)
* 太空傳播 / 太空传播
* 太空劇場 / 太空剧场
* 太空城
* 太空塵 / 太空尘
* 太空探險 / 太空探险
* 太空梭 (tàikōngsuō)
* 太空條約 / 太空条约
* 太空槍 / 太空枪
* 太空武器
* 太空漫步 (tàikōng mànbù)
* 太空病
* 太空科學 / 太空科学 (tàikōng kēxué)
* 太空站 (tàikōngzhàn)
* 太空總署 / 太空总署
* 太空船 (tàikōngchuán)
* 太空艙 / 太空舱
* 太空藝術 / 太空艺术
* 太空衣
* 太空被
* 太空裝 / 太空装
* 太空軌道 / 太空轨道
* 太空通訊 / 太空通讯
* 太空醫學 / 太空医学
* 太空食物
* 天馬行空 / 天马行空 (tiānmǎxíngkōng)
* 好空
* 妙手空空
* 季子囊空
* 孫悟空 / 孙悟空 (Sūn Wùkōng)
* 寶山空回 / 宝山空回 (bǎoshānkōnghuí)
* 對空射擊 / 对空射击
* 對空策 / 对空策
* 平空 (píngkōng)
* 幻夢成空 / 幻梦成空
* 座無空席 / 座无空席
* 弄空頭 / 弄空头
* 彈空說嘴 / 弹空说嘴
* 徒託空言 / 徒托空言
* 徒陳空文 / 徒陈空文
* 性空
* 憑空 / 凭空 (píngkōng)
* 憑空捏造 / 凭空捏造
* 憑空杜撰
* 懸空 / 悬空 (xuánkōng)
* 懷空 / 怀空
* 懸空電車 / 悬空电车
* 扎空槍
* 打空
* 扒街淘空
* 打高空 (dǎgāokōng)
* 扯空砑光
* 抖空竹 (dǒu kōngzhú)
* 拋空 / 抛空 (pāokōng)
* 拏空 / 拿空
* 挑空
* 挖空心思 (wākōngxīnsī)
* 指空話空 / 指空话空
* 掏空 (tāokōng)
* 排空而至
* 撲個空 / 扑个空
* 撲空 / 扑空 (pūkōng)
* 擺空架子 / 摆空架子
* 放空 (fàngkōng)
* 放空氣 / 放空气 (fàngkōngqì)
* 放空炮
* 旌旗蔽空
* 星空 (xīngkōng)
* 時空 / 时空 (shíkōng)
* 晴空 (qíngkōng)
* 晴空亂流 / 晴空乱流
* 晴空萬里 (qíngkōngwànlǐ)
* 書空 / 书空
* 書空咄咄 / 书空咄咄
* 杼軸其空 / 杼轴其空
* 架空 (jiàkōng)
* 架謊鑿空 / 架谎凿空
* 橫空 / 横空 (héngkōng)
* 殷浩書空
* 沖空機 / 冲空机
* 浮空
* 海闊天空 / 海阔天空 (hǎikuòtiānkōng)
* 淘空
* 漫空
* 澄空
* 濃蔭蔽空 / 浓荫蔽空
* 烈日當空 / 烈日当空 (lièrìdāngkōng)
* 烈焰騰空 / 烈焰腾空
* 獨守空房 / 独守空房
* 生存空間 / 生存空间 (shēngcún kōngjiān)
* 生活空間 / 生活空间
* 當空 / 当空 (dāngkōng)
* 白首空歸 / 白首空归
* 白駒空谷 / 白驹空谷
* 盛況空前 / 盛况空前
* 目空一切 (mùkōngyīqiè)
* 目空四海
* 真空 (zhēnkōng)
* 真空包裝 / 真空包装 (zhēnkōng bāozhuāng)
* 真空泵 (zhēnkōngbèng)
* 真空管 (zhēnkōngguǎn)
* 眼空四海
* 破空 (pòkōng)
* 硬語盤空 / 硬语盘空
* 碧空 (bìkōng)
* 磅空
* 礨空 (lěikǒng)
* 視覺空間 / 视觉空间 (shìjué kōngjiān)
* 萬人空巷 / 万人空巷 (wànrénkōngxiàng)
* 萬境歸空 / 万境归空
* 空中 (kōngzhōng)
* 空中交易
* 空中加油
* 空中堡壘 / 空中堡垒
* 空中大學 / 空中大学
* 空中夫妻
* 空中學校 / 空中学校
* 空中客車 / 空中客车 (Kōngzhōng Kèchē)
* 空中封鎖 / 空中封锁
* 空中小姐 (kōngzhōng xiǎojiě)
* 空中少爺 / 空中少爷 (kōngzhōng shàoyé)
* 空中巴士 (Kōngzhōng Bāshì)
* 空中教學 / 空中教学
* 空中樓閣 / 空中楼阁 (kōngzhōnglóugé)
* 空中禁區 / 空中禁区
* 空中纜車 / 空中缆车
* 空中花園 / 空中花园 (Kōngzhōng Huāyuán)
* 空中芭蕾
* 空中護航 / 空中护航
* 空中走廊
* 空中造雨
* 空中霸王
* 空中飛人 / 空中飞人 (kōngzhōngfēirén)
* 空中飛車 / 空中飞车 (kōngzhōng fēichē)
* 空亡
* 空侗
* 空優迷彩 / 空优迷彩
* 空兒 / 空儿 (kòngr)
* 空函
* 空前 (kōngqián)
* 空前未有 (kōngqiánwèiyǒu)
* 空前盛況 / 空前盛况
* 空前絕後 / 空前绝后 (kōngqiánjuéhòu)
* 空劫
* 空勞 / 空劳
* 空勞神思 / 空劳神思
* 空勤 (kōngqín)
* 空包彈 / 空包弹 (kōngbāodàn)
* 空匱 / 空匮
* 空即是色 (kōng jí shì sè)
* 空口 (kōngkǒu)
* 空口無憑 / 空口无凭 (kōngkǒuwúpíng)
* 空口說 / 空口说
* 空名
* 空吸
* 空喊
* 空喀
* 空城 (kōngchéng)
* 空城計 / 空城计 (kōngchéngjì)
* 空堂
* 空大
* 空大老脬
* 空姐 (kōngjiě)
* 空宗
* 空對空 / 空对空
* 空屋
* 空屋率
* 空山 (kōngshān)
* 空帖拜年
* 空幻 (kōnghuàn)
* 空廓 (kōngkuò)
* 空廬 / 空庐
* 空弦落雁
* 空弮
* 空心幣 / 空心币
* 空心架子
* 空心湯圓 / 空心汤圆
* 空心湯糰 / 空心汤团
* 空心磚 / 空心砖
* 空心菜 (kōngxīncài)
* 空心蘿蔔 / 空心萝卜
* 空想 (kōngxiǎng)
* 空懷 / 空怀
* 空戰 / 空战 (kōngzhàn)
* 空手 (kōngshǒu)
* 空手而回
* 空手道 (kōngshǒudào)
* 空投 (kōngtóu)
* 空撥 / 空拨
* 空明
* 空曠 / 空旷 (kōngkuàng)
* 空服員 / 空服员 (kōngfúyuán)
* 空林
* 空架子 (kōngjiàzi)
* 空桑
* 空桑子
* 空桐樹 / 空桐树
* 空橋 / 空桥
* 空歡喜 / 空欢喜 (kōng huānxǐ)
* 空氣 / 空气 (kōngqì)
* 空氣傳染 / 空气传染 (kōngqì chuánrǎn)
* 空氣機 / 空气机
* 空氣汙染 / 空气污染 (kōngqì wūrǎn)
* 空氣浴 / 空气浴 (kōngqìyù)
* 空氣調節 / 空气调节
* 空氣警報 / 空气警报
* 空氣軸承 / 空气轴承
* 空氣錘 / 空气锤
* 空氣鎗 / 空气枪
* 空氣閥 / 空气阀
* 空氣阻力 / 空气阻力 (kōngqì zǔlì)
* 空水澄鮮 / 空水澄鲜
* 空泛 (kōngfàn)
* 空洞 (kōngdòng)
* 空濛 / 空蒙 (kōngméng)
* 空無一物 / 空无一物 (kōngwúyīwù)
* 空王
* 空疏 (kōngshū)
* 空疏無據 / 空疏无据
* 空盪盪 / 空荡荡 (kōngdàngdàng)
* 空相
* 空穴來風 / 空穴来风 (kōngxuéláifēng)
* 空空
* 空空兒 / 空空儿
* 空空如也 (kōngkōngrúyě)
* 空空洞洞
* 空空落落
* 空空蕩蕩 / 空空荡荡
* 空窗期 (kōngchuāngqī)
* 空竹 (kōngzhú)
* 空等
* 空群
* 空翻 (kōngfān)
* 空翻多
* 空腹 (kōngfù)
* 空腸 / 空肠 (kōngcháng)
* 空腹便便
* 空腦子 / 空脑子
* 空腹高心
* 空自
* 空興頭 / 空兴头
* 空花
* 空落落 (kōngluòluò, kōnglàolào)
* 空蕩 / 空荡 (kōngdàng)
* 空蕩蕩 / 空荡荡 (kōngdàngdàng)
* 空藏瓶
* 空虛 / 空虚 (kōngxū)
* 空號 / 空号 (kōnghào)
* 空蝕 / 空蚀
* 空襲 / 空袭 (kōngxí)
* 空襲警報 / 空袭警报
* 空言 (kōngyán)
* 空言無補 / 空言无补
* 空言虛語 / 空言虚语
* 空言虛辭 / 空言虚辞
* 空話 / 空话 (kōnghuà)
* 空說 / 空说
* 空語 / 空语
* 空調 / 空调 (kōngtiáo)
* 空論 / 空论 (kōnglùn)
* 空談 / 空谈 (kōngtán)
* 空調機 / 空调机
* 空調症 / 空调症
* 空調設備 / 空调设备
* 空谷
* 空谷傳聲 / 空谷传声
* 空谷傳響 / 空谷传响
* 空谷幽蘭 / 空谷幽兰
* 空谷足音
* 空費 / 空费 (kōngfèi)
* 空費時日 / 空费时日
* 空跑
* 空身 (kōngshēn)
* 空身人兒 / 空身人儿
* 空軍 / 空军 (kōngjūn)
* 空軍基地 / 空军基地 (kōngjūn jīdì)
* 空軍節 / 空军节
* 空轉 / 空转 (kōngzhuàn)
* 空造
* 空運 / 空运 (kōngyùn)
* 空鏡頭 / 空镜头
* 空鐘 / 空钟 (kōngzhōng)
* 空門 / 空门 (kōngmén)
* 空間 / 空间 (kōngjiān)
* 空間主義 / 空间主义 (kōngjiānzhǔyì)
* 空間分析 / 空间分析
* 空間圖形 / 空间图形
* 空間感 / 空间感
* 空間時代 / 空间时代
* 空間曲線 / 空间曲线
* 空間美 / 空间美
* 空間藝術 / 空间艺术
* 空閨 / 空闺
* 空闊 / 空阔 (kōngkuò)
* 空防 (kōngfáng)
* 空降 (kōngjiàng)
* 空降作戰 / 空降作战
* 空降兵 (kōngjiàngbīng)
* 空降部隊 / 空降部队
* 空際 / 空际 (kōngjì)
* 空集合 (kōngjíhé)
* 空難 / 空难 (kōngnàn)
* 空靈 / 空灵 (kōnglíng)
* 空青
* 空頭事 / 空头事
* 空頭冤家 / 空头冤家
* 空頭堡 / 空头堡
* 空頭情 / 空头情
* 空頭話 / 空头话
* 空頭謊 / 空头谎
* 空首
* 管制空域
* 籃外空心 / 篮外空心
* 精空
* 紙上空談 / 纸上空谈
* 網頁空間 / 网页空间
* 羅掘一空 / 罗掘一空
* 翻空
* 耳空
* 脫空 / 脱空
* 航空 (hángkōng)
* 航空信 (hángkōngxìn)
* 航空公司 (hángkōng gōngsī)
* 航空包裹
* 航空器 (hángkōngqì)
* 航空學校 / 航空学校
* 航空工程
* 航空攝影 / 航空摄影
* 航空母艦 / 航空母舰 (hángkōng mǔjiàn)
* 航空版
* 航空病
* 航空站 (hángkōngzhàn)
* 航空線 / 航空线
* 航空郵遞 / 航空邮递
* 航空醫學 / 航空医学
* 苦空
* 落空 (luòkōng)
* 蒼空 / 苍空 (cāngkōng)
* 蔽空
* 虛擬空間 / 虚拟空间 (xūnǐ kōngjiān)
* 虛空 / 虚空 (xūkōng)
* 蝨空捫 / 虱空扪
* 補空 / 补空
* 見慣司空 / 见惯司空
* 託之空言 / 托之空言
* 談空說有 / 谈空说有 (tánkōngshuōyǒu)
* 賀喜撮空 / 贺喜撮空
* 買空倉 / 买空仓 (mǎikōngcāng)
* 買空賣空 / 买空卖空
* 賣空 / 卖空 (màikōng)
* 賣空買空 / 卖空买空
* 赤手空拳 (chìshǒukōngquán)
* 走空
* 跳空
* 迥空
* 遁入空門 / 遁入空门 (dùnrùkōngmén)
* 銀空山 / 银空山
* 銷售一空 / 销售一空
* 鏤空 / 镂空 (lòukōng)
* 鑿空 / 凿空 (záokōng)
* 鑿空指鹿 / 凿空指鹿
* 長空 / 长空 (chángkōng)
* 開放空間 / 开放空间
* 闖空門 / 闯空门
* 防空 (fángkōng)
* 防空壕 (fángkōngháo)
* 防空洞 (fángkōngdòng)
* 防空演習 / 防空演习
* 防空節 / 防空节
* 防空雷達 / 防空雷达
* 防空飛彈 / 防空飞弹
* 阿空卡瓜
* 陰空 / 阴空
* 隻手空拳 / 只手空拳
* 雕空
* 露空
* 霹空
* 非空
* 領空 / 领空 (lǐngkōng)
* 領空權 / 领空权
* 飽和空氣 / 饱和空气
* 騰空 / 腾空 (téngkōng)
* 騰空而起 / 腾空而起 (téngkōng'érqǐ)
* 高空 (gāokōng)
* 高空作業 / 高空作业 (gāokōng zuòyè)
* 高空彈跳 / 高空弹跳 (gāokōng tántiào)
* 高空病
* 高空跳傘 / 高空跳伞 (gāokōng tiàosǎn)
* 高空轟炸 / 高空轰炸
* 高空逆溫 / 高空逆温
* 鳳去樓空 / 凤去楼空
* 鳳去臺空 / 凤去台空

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kòng (kong$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kong$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hung$^1$ / hung$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khung
* Northern Min (KCR): ko̤̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): káe̤ng / kóng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khòng / khàng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kong$^1$ / kang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$khon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kòng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^4$
*** Yale: kùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: konq
*** Palladius: кун (kun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (空兒 / 空儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kòngr
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˋㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kòngr
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^4$-ʼrh
*** Yale: kùngr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: konql
*** Palladius: кунр (kunr)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊ̃ɻ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: kong$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kung
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰoŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hung$^1$ / hung$^3$
*** Yale: hūng / hung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hung$^1$ / hung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hung$^1$ / hung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hʊŋ⁵⁵/, /hʊŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khung
*** Hakka Romanization System: kung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ko̤̿ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: káe̤ng / kóng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔyŋ²¹³/, /kʰouŋ²¹³/
* káe̤ng - vernacular;
* kóng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: khuwngH
Rime :
| Character | 空 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦貢切 |
| Baxter | khuwngH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰuŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hung$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 空 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 4045 |
| Phonetic component | 工 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 控 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰoːŋs/ |

#### Definitions

空
* to make empty; to impoverish
* to leave empty; to leave blank
* vacant; unoccupied; available
    有空房間嗎？／有空房间吗？ ― Yǒu kòng fángjiān ma? ― Is there any vacant room?
       Zhè ge wèizǐ kòng zhe ma? [Pinyin]
       Is this seat available?
* spare time; free time; leisure
    我今天有空。 ― Wǒ jīntiān yǒu kòng. ― I'm free today.
       Nǐ xiàwǔ yǒu kòng ma? [Pinyin]
       Are you free this afternoon?
       Xiànzài yīshēng méi kòng. [Pinyin]
       The doctor is not available now.
* empty space; room
       Zài jǐ ge rén jìnlái xíng ma? Chē lǐ hái yǒu kòng ma? [Pinyin]
       Can you fit in another person? Is there room in the car?
* (of time) gap; interval; break
    Synonyms: 間隙 / 间隙 (jiànxì), 間隔 / 间隔
* chance; opportunity
* (Southern Min) zero
    From: Jiansheng Chinese Medicine's TV commercial
    Ū chit khoán chêng-hêng chhiáⁿ khà bián-hùi tiān-ōe: khòng-pat-khòng-khòng khòng-kiú-jī khòng-khòng-khòng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    If you have such symptoms, please call our free hotline: 0800-092-000.

##### Synonyms

* (zero):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 零, 洞 as a digit |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 零 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 零 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 零 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 零 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 零 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 零 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 零 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 零 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 零 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 零 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 零 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 零 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 零 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 零 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 零 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 零 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 零 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 零 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 零 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 零 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 零 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 零 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 零 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 零 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 零 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 零 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 零 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 零 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 零 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 零 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 零 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 零 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 零 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 零 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 零 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 零 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 零 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 零 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 零 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 零 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 零, 環 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 空, 零 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 空 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 空 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 空 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 空 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 空 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 零 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 空, 零 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 空, 零 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 零 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 零 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 零 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 零 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 零 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 零 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 零 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 零 |
* (spare time):
* 時間 / 时间 (shíjiān)
* 暇隙 (xiáxì)
* 業餘 / 业余 (yèyú)
* 空兒 / 空儿 (kòngr)
* 空暇 (kòngxiá)
* 空閒 / 空闲 (kòngxián)
* 美國時間 / 美国时间 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 閒工 / 闲工 (Hokkien)
* 閒工夫 / 闲工夫 (xiángōngfu)
* 閒手腳 / 闲手脚 (Hakka)
* 閒暇 / 闲暇 (xiánxiá)
* 閒神 / 闲神 (Hakka)
* 閒空 / 闲空 (xiánkòng)
* 餘暇 / 余暇 (yúxiá)
* 餘閒 / 余闲 (yúxián)
* (empty): (Cantonese) 吉

#### Compounds

* 不得空
* 偷空 (tōukòng)
* 做空頭 / 做空头
* 填空 (tiánkòng)
* 屢空 / 屡空
* 得空 (dékòng)
* 抄空兒 / 抄空儿
* 抽空 (chōukòng)
* 拖空子
* 拿空子
* 捉空
* 攙空 / 搀空
* 支空頭 / 支空头
* 有空 (yǒukòng)
* 沒得空兒 / 没得空儿
* 沒空 / 没空 (méikòng)
* 法定空地
* 瞅空兒 / 瞅空儿
* 空乏
* 空位
* 空便
* 空古絕今 / 空古绝今
* 空地 (kòngdì)
* 空地稅 / 空地税
* 空子 (kòngzi)
* 空心
* 空房
* 空暇 (kòngxiá)
* 空格兒 / 空格儿
* 空檔 / 空档
* 空當兒 / 空当儿
* 空當子 / 空当子
* 空白 (kòngbái)
* 空白點 / 空白点 (kòngbáidiǎn)
* 空缺 (kòngquē)
* 空肚兒 / 空肚儿
* 空閒 / 空闲 (kòngxián)
* 空隙 (kòngxì)
* 空頭 / 空头
* 空頭支票 / 空头支票
* 空頭敕 / 空头敕
* 空頭禍 / 空头祸
* 空額 / 空额 (kòng'é)
* 簞瓢屢空 / 箪瓢屡空
* 背空子
* 覷空 / 觑空
* 趁空
* 趕空兒 / 赶空儿
* 鑽空子 / 钻空子 (zuān kòngzi)
* 閒空 / 闲空 (xiánkòng)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kǒng (kong$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kǒng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻung$^3$
*** Yale: kǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koong
*** Palladius: кун (kun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

空
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 孔 (kǒng, “hole; cave; mouth”)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 空(くう) (kū)
* → Korean: 공(空) (gong)
* → Vietnamese: không (空)

### References

* “空”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02955

## Japanese
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)、くう (kū, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: あく (aku, 空く, Jōyō)、あける (akeru, 空ける, Jōyō)、から (kara, 空, Jōyō)、そら (sora, 空, Jōyō)、うつける (utsukeru, 空ける)、うつ (utsu, 空)、うつお (utsuo, 空)、うつぼ (utsubo, 空)、うつろ (utsuro, 空ろ)、うろ (uro, 空)、すく (suku, 空く)、むなしい (munashii, 空しい)、あな (ana, 空)
* Nanori: たか (taka)

#### Compounds

* 空(うつ)穂(ぼ) (utsubo)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 空
* そら Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 虚
⟨so$_1$ra⟩ → */sʷora/ → /sora/
From Old Japanese, presumably from Proto-Japonic *sora.
Found in the Kojiki c. 712 CE.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そら [sóꜜrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [so̞ɾa̠]

#### Noun

空(そら) • (sora)
* the sky
    Synonym: 天 (ten)

##### Derived terms

* 空(そら)色(いろ) (sorairo)
* 空(そら)で (sorade)
* 青(あお)空(ぞら) (aozora)
* 冬(ふゆ)空(ぞら) (fuyuzora)
* 寒(さむ)空(ぞら) (samuzora)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 空
* から Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* カラ 虚 (rare)
Cognate with 殻 (kara, “shell”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) から [kàráꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [ka̠ɾa̠]

#### Prefix

空(から) • (kara-)
* something empty
    空(から)箱(ばこ) ― karabako ― empty box
* ineffectual
    空(から)振(ぶ)り ― karaburi ― in vain
* false
    空(から)元(げん)気(き) ― karagenki ― false vigor, bravado

##### Derived terms

* 空(から)揚(あ)げ (karāge)
* カラオケ (karaoke)
* 空(から)元(げん)気(き) (karagenki)
* 空(から)手(て) (karate)
* 空(から)箱(ばこ) (karabako)
* 空(から)っぽ (karappo)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 空
* くう Grade: 1
* goon
From Middle Chinese 空 (MC khuwng|khuwngH).
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit शून्यता (śūnyatā).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くう [kùú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) くう [kúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kɯ̟ː]

#### Noun

空(くう) • (kū)
* empty air
* meaninglessness
* (Buddhism) sunyata: emptiness, vacuity, awareness, openness, thusness
* (Buddhism) void: one of the 五大 (godai, literally “great five”) and the highest of the five elements

##### Derived terms

* 空(くう)間(かん) (kūkan)
* 空(くう)気(き) (kūki)
* 空(くう)虚(きょ) (kūkyo)
* 空(くう)軍(ぐん) (kūgun)
* 空(くう)港(こう) (kūkō)
* 空(くう)席(せき) (kūseki)
* 空(くう)前(ぜん) (kūzen)
* 空(くう)想(そう) (kūsō)
* 空(くう)中(ちゅう) (kūchū)
* 空(くう)洞(どう) (kūdō)
* 空(くう)白(はく) (kūhaku)
* 空(くう)腹(ふく) (kūfuku)
* 空(くう)輸(ゆ) (kūyu)
* 空(くう)欄(らん) (kūran)
* 架(か)空(くう) (kakū)
* 虚(こ)空(くう) (kokū)
* 航(こう)空(くう) (kōkū)
* 真(しん)空(くう) (shinkū)
* 上(じょう)空(くう) (jōkū)
* 航(こう)空(くう)便(びん) (kōkūbin)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 空
* うろ Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* For pronunciation and definitions of 空 – see the following entry: うろ
(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: うろ.)

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 空
* うつお Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* For pronunciation and definitions of 空 – see the following entry: 虚
(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 虚.)

### Etymology 6

* Kanji in this term
* 空
* うつぼ Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* For pronunciation and definitions of 空 – see the following entry: うつぼ
(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: うつぼ.)

### References

* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 空 (MC khuwng|khuwngH).

### Hanja

Wikisource 空 (eumhun 빌 공 (bil gong))
* Hanja form of 공 (“empty; void”).
* Hanja form of 공 (“sky; air”).
* Hanja form of 공 (“zero”).

#### Compounds

* 가공(架空) (gagong)
* 고공(高空) (gogong)
* 공간(空間) (gonggan)
* 공군(空軍) (gonggun)
* 공기(空器) (gonggi)
* 공기(空氣) (gonggi)
* 공담(空談) (gongdam)
* 공동(空洞) (gongdong)
* 공론(空論) (gongnon)
* 공리(空理) (gongni)
* 공복(空腹) (gongbok)
* 공상(空想) (gongsang)
* 공석(空席) (gongseok)
* 공수(空輸) (gongsu)
* 공습(空襲) (gongseup)
* 공언(空言) (gong'eon)
* 공연(空然) (gong'yeon)
* 공일(空日) (gong'il)
* 공장(空腸) (gongjang)
* 공적(空寂) (gongjeok)
* 공중(空中) (gongjung)
* 공지(空地) (gongji)
* 공책(空冊) (gongchaek)
* 공포(空砲) (gongpo)
* 공폭(空爆) (gongpok)
* 공핍(空乏) (gongpip)
* 공항(空港) (gonghang)
* 공허(空虛) (gongheo)
* 공활(空豁) (gonghwal)
* 누공(壘空) (nugong)
* 누공(屢空) (nugong)
* 등공(騰空) (deunggong)
* 반공(半空) (ban'gong)
* 방공(防空) (banggong)
* 방공호(防空壕) (banggongho)
* 벽공(碧空) (byeokgong)
* 손오공(孫悟空) (Sonogong)
* 영공 / 령공(領空) (yeonggong)
* 용공(聳空) (yonggong)
* 익공(匿空) (ikgong)
* 일공(一空) (ilgong)
* 저공(低空) (jeogong)
* 진공(眞空) (jin'gong)
* 착공(鑿空) (chakgong)
* 창공(蒼空) (changgong)
* 천공(天空) (cheon'gong)
* 청공(晴空) (cheonggong)
* 청공(靑空) (cheonggong)
* 폐공(蔽空) (pyegong)
* 항공(航空) (hanggong)
* 항공기(航空機) (hanggonggi)
* 항공사(航空社) (hanggongsa)
* 허공(虛空) (heogong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: すら (sura, 空)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 空
* すら Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
Borrowed from Japanese 空 (sora) (or more exactly, an earlier form of it).
As remarked by Igarashi (2022), the inherited meaning of this term in Ryukyuan languages is not "sky", but "treetop".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suɾa/

### Noun

空(すら) (sura)
* (literary) the sky, heavens

### References

* ↑ Igarashi, Yosuke. "Reconstruction of Ryukyuan tone classes of Middle Japanese Class 2.4 and 2.5 nouns".

## Vietnamese
### Han character

空: Hán Việt readings: không (枯(khô)公(công)切(thiết))
空: Nôm readings: không, khung, khỏng, khong, cung, khống

### Adjective

空 • (không)
* Chữ Hán form of không (“empty; void”).

### Noun

空 • (không)
* Chữ Hán form of không.
** air; sky
** zero; none

### Numeral

空 • (không)
* chữ Nôm form of không (“zero”).

#### Compounds

* 空間 (không gian)
* 空虛 (không hư)
* 空氣 (không khí)
* 空軍 (không quân)
* 空襲 (không tập)
* 空手 (không thủ)
* 空中 (không trung)
* 空想 (không tưởng)
* 真空 (chân không)
* 航空 (hàng không)
* 虛空 (hư không)
* 防空 (phòng không)
* 數空 (số không)
* 太空 (thái không)
* 孫悟空 (Tôn Ngộ Không)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 5 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* 1 2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).