# 央

| 央 | U+592E, &#22830; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-592E |
| ← 夭 [U+592D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 夯 → [U+592F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

央 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中月大 (LBK), four-corner 5003$_0$, composition ⿻冂大 or ⿻𠀃人)

#### Derived characters

* 佒, 坱, 抰, 咉, 岟, 泱, 㹧, 怏, 姎, 柍, 殃, 映, 胦, 炴, 眏, 䄃, 秧, 䘧, 紻, 軮, 詇, 𧲱, 鉠 (𫓭), 鞅, 䬬, 駚 (𩧫), 䱀
* 㿮, 䒋, 英, 䇦, 雵, 𦁾, 㼜, 盎, 𩢥, 鴦 (鸯)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 249, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5840
* Dae Jaweon: page 508, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 524, character 6
* Unihan data for U+592E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 央 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 鴦 | *qaːŋ, *qaŋ |
| 佒 | *qaːŋ |
| 咉 | *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ |
| 眏 | *qaːŋ |
| 姎 | *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ |
| 坱 | *qaːŋʔ |
| 映 | *qaːŋʔ, *qraŋs |
| 泱 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋ |
| 盎 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs |
| 駚 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋʔ |
| 軮 | *qaːŋʔ |
| 醠 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs |
| 央 | *qaŋ |
| 秧 | *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ |
| 殃 | *qaŋ |
| 鞅 | *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs |
| 鉠 | *qaŋ, *qraŋ |
| 雵 | *qaŋ |
| 胦 | *qaŋ, *qroːŋ |
| 柍 | *qaŋʔ |
| 詇 | *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs, *qraŋs |
| 岟 | *qaŋʔ |
| 炴 | *qaŋʔ |
| 怏 | *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs |
| 紻 | *qaŋʔ |
| 英 | *qraŋ |
| 瑛 | *qraŋ |
| 霙 | *qraŋ |
| 韺 | *qraŋ |
| 媖 | *qraŋ |
| 渶 | *qraŋ |
| 鶧 | *qraŋ |
| 楧 | *qraŋ |
| 暎 | *qraŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 大 (“man”) + 冂 (“pole”) - a man carrying a pole with its middle on his shoulder.

### Etymology

於 (OC ʔa) plus terminative suffix *-ŋ, hence literally "to get to be in the middle" (Schuessler, 2007). See 於 (OC ʔa) for further etymology.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yāng (yang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yông / ông
* Eastern Min (BUC): iŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iong / iang / ng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yang
*** Wade–Giles: yang$^1$
*** Yale: yāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iang
*** Palladius: ян (jan)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^1$
*** Yale: yēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông / ông
*** Hakka Romanization System: iong$^ˊ$ / ong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^1$ / ong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ²⁴/, /oŋ²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông / ông
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong$^ˊ$ / ong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^1$ / ong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ²⁴/, /oŋ²⁴/
* yông - literary;
* ông - vernacular (limited, e.g. 中央).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit央 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /iaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /iɑŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /iaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /iɔ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /iɑŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /iɑ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /iɑŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /iaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /iaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /iaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iã̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /iaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /iɑ̃²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /iɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /iɑ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /iã⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /iã⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔiɑŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠i³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ia³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /iau¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ian³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ian³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iɔŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ioŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /oŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jœŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jœŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jœŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yoŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iɔŋ⁵⁴/ /ɔŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /iaŋ³³/ /ŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /iaŋ²³/ /o²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'jang
Rime :
| Character | 央 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於良切 |
| Baxter | 'jang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 央 | 央 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yāng | yāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjang › | ‹ ʔjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔaŋ/ | /*ʔaŋ/ |
| English | end (v.) | center (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 央 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14488 |
| Phonetic component | 央 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 央 |
| Old Chinese | /*qaŋ/ |

#### Definitions

央
* center; middle
* to end; to finish
* to beg; to plead; to implore
* (alt. form 殃) calamity; disaster
* a surname

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīng (ying$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ying
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^1$
*** Yale: yīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit央 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /iaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /iɑŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /iaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /iɔ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /iɑŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /iɑ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /iɑŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /iaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /iaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /iaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iã̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /iaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /iɑ̃²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /iɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /iɑ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /iã⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /iã⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔiɑŋ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠i³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ia³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /iau¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ian³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ian³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iɔŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ioŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /oŋ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jœŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jœŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jœŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yoŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iɔŋ⁵⁴/ /ɔŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /iaŋ³³/ /ŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /iaŋ²³/ /o²³/ |

#### Definitions

央
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)Only used in 央央.

### Compounds

* 中央 (zhōngyāng)
* 中央大學 / 中央大学
* 中央山脈 / 中央山脉 (Zhōngyāng Shānmài)
* 中央政府 (zhōngyāng zhèngfǔ)
* 中央銀行 / 中央银行 (zhōngyāng yínháng)
* 中央集權 / 中央集权 (zhōngyāng jíquán)
* 中央黨部 / 中央党部
* 公央婆
* 夜未央
* 央中
* 央人 (yāngrén)
* 央人作伐
* 央元音 (yāngyuányīn)
* 央厄 (yāng'è)
* 央及 (yāngjí)
* 央告 (yānggào)
* 央塔克 (Yāngtǎkè)
* 央央
* 央央戧戧 / 央央戗戗
* 央央插插
* 央媒
* 央帶 / 央带
* 央戧 / 央戗
* 央托 (yāngtuō)
* 央求 (yāngqiú)
* 央浼
* 央浼營幹 / 央浼营干
* 央煩 / 央烦
* 央行 (yāngháng)
* 央託 / 央托 (yāngtuō)
* 央請 / 央请
* 央靠
* 念央兒 / 念央儿
* 投央
* 未央 (wèiyāng)
* 未央宮 / 未央宫 (Wèiyāng Gōng)
* 東央西告 / 东央西告
* 死告活央
* 無央 / 无央
* 長樂未央 / 长乐未央
* 震央 (zhènyāng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)、よう (yō)
* Kan-on: よう (yō)、えい (ei)
* Kun: なかば (nakaba, 央ば)
* Nanori: あたる (ataru)、とおる (tōru)、なかば (nakaba)、ひさし (hisashi)、ひろし (hiroshi)、なか (naka)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 央
* おう Grade: 3
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 央 (MC 'jang).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞ː]

#### Affix

央(おう) • (ō)
* centre, middle
* (US) Short for 央州 (“Oregon (a state of the United States)”).

##### Derived terms

* 震央(しんおう) (shin'ō)
* 中央(ちゅうおう) (chūō)

### Etymology 2

Various nanori readings.

#### Proper noun

央(あたる) or 央(おう) or 央(とおる) or 央(なかば) or 央(ひさし) or 央(ひろし) or 央(よう) or 央(なか) • (Ataru or Ō or Tōru or Nakaba or Hisashi or Hiroshi or Yō or Naka)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

央 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

央: Hán Nôm readings: ương, trân
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.