# 攻擊
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gōngjī, gōngjí
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧ, ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gung$^1$ gik$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-kit
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-kek / kong-kiak
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kon-ciq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjī
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongji
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: gūng-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongji
*** Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$公積 / 公积 公雞 / 公鸡 功績 / 功绩 攻擊 / 攻击
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjí
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gongjí
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^1$-chi$^2$
*** Yale: gūng-jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjyi
*** Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gung$^1$ gik$^1$
*** Yale: gūng gīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gung$^1$ gik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gung$^1$ gig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-kit
*** Hakka Romanization System: gung$^ˊ$ gid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gung$^1$ gid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ kit̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kek
*** Tâi-lô: kong-kik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kongkeg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kiak
*** Tâi-lô: kong-kiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kongkiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ kiak̚⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kon-ciq
*** MiniDict: kon$^平$ cih
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$kon-jiq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: kuwng|kowng kek
Rime :
| Character | 攻 | 攻 | 擊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 冬 (5) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 古紅切 | 古冬切 | 古歷切 |
| Baxter | kuwng | kowng | kek |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuŋ/ | /kuoŋ/ | /kek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuŋ/ | /kuoŋ/ | /kek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuŋ/ | /koŋ/ | /kɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəwŋ/ | /kawŋ/ | /kɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuŋ/ | /koŋ/ | /kek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kuŋ/ | /kuoŋ/ | /kiek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuŋ/ | /kuoŋ/ | /kiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gōng | gōng | ji |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gung$^1$ | gung$^1$ | gik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤoŋ kˤik/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ|kuːŋ keːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 攻 | 擊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gōng | jī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kuwng › | ‹ kek › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁoŋ/ | /*kˁik/ |
| English | attack | strike (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 攻 | 攻 | 擊 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4027 | 4065 | 5632 |
| Phonetic component | 工 | 工 | 毄 |
| Rime group | 東 | 終 | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 公 | 攻 | 激 |
| Old Chinese | /*koːŋ/ | /*kuːŋ/ | /*keːɡ/ |

### Verb

攻擊
* to attack; to assault
    鯊魚攻擊／鲨鱼攻击 ― shāyú gōngjī ― shark attack
    海上攻擊／海上攻击 ― hǎishàng gōngjī ― maritime attack
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Zhōu Wén Wǔ suǒ fēng zǐdì tóngxìng shèn zhòng, rán hòu shǔ shūyuǎn, xiàng gōngjī rú chóuchóu. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to accuse; to charge; to vilify

#### Synonyms

* (to attack):
* 打擊 / 打击 (dǎjī)
* 抨擊 / 抨击 (pēngjī) (verbally or in writing)
* 搗 / 捣 (dǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 擊 / 击 (jī)
* 攻取 (gōngqǔ)
* 攻奪 / 攻夺 (gōngduó)
* 攻打 (gōngdǎ)
* 暴擊 / 暴击 (bàojī)
* 突擊 / 突击 (tūjī)
* 衝擊 / 冲击 (chōngjī)
* 衝鋒 / 冲锋 (chōngfēng)
* 襲擊 / 袭击 (xíjī)
* 進擊 / 进击 (jìnjī)
* 進攻 / 进攻 (jìngōng)
* 開火 / 开火 (kāihuǒ) (figurative, verbally or in writing)
* (to accuse):
* 倚賴 / 倚赖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 彎鬱 / 弯郁 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 栽贓 / 栽赃 (zāizāng)
* 毀謗 / 毁谤 (huǐbàng)
* 污蔑 (wūmiè)
* 潑髒水 / 泼脏水 (pō zāng shuǐ) (figurative)
* 瘄污 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 詆毀 / 诋毁 (dǐhuǐ)
* 誣告 / 诬告
* 誣害 / 诬害 (wūhài)
* 誣捏 / 诬捏 (ŭ-niĕk) (Eastern Min)
* 誣枉 / 诬枉 (wūwǎng)
* 誣蔑 / 诬蔑 (wūmiè)
* 誣賴 / 诬赖 (wūlài)
* 誣陷 / 诬陷 (wūxiàn)
* 誹謗 / 诽谤 (fěibàng)
* 謗毀 / 谤毁 (bànghuǐ) (literary)
* 謠諑 / 谣诼 (yáozhuó) (literary)
* 讒害 / 谗害 (chánhài)
* 賴 / 赖 (lài)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to attack”): 支援 (zhīyuán)

#### Derived terms

* 中間人攻擊 / 中间人攻击 (zhōngjiānrén gōngjī)
* 人身攻擊 / 人身攻击 (rénshēn gōngjī)
* 分散式阻斷服務攻擊 / 分散式阻断服务攻击 (fēnsànshì zǔduàn fúwù gōngjī)
* 字典攻擊 / 字典攻击 (zìdiǎn gōngjī)
* 攻擊性 / 攻击性 (gōngjīxìng)
* 攻擊者 / 攻击者 (gōngjīzhě)
* 洪水攻擊 / 洪水攻击 (hóngshuǐ gōngjī)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 攻撃(こうげき) (kōgeki)
* → Korean: 공격(攻擊) (gonggyeok)
* → Vietnamese: công kích (攻擊)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 攻 | 擊 |
| こう Grade: S | げき Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 攻擊 – see the following entry. :
| 【攻撃こうげき】 | [noun] an attack [verb] to attack |
| 【攻撃コンギョ】 | [proper noun] Short name for the North Korean pop song 공격전이다 (gonggyeokjeonida). [verb] (neologism, Internet slang) Synonym of 攻撃 (kōgeki, “to attack”) |
(This term, 攻擊, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 攻 | 擊 |

### Noun

攻擊 • (gonggyeok) (hangeul 공격)
* hanja form of 공격 (“attack”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 攻 | 擊 |

### Verb

攻擊
* chữ Hán form of công kích (“to attack, to assault”).