# 侵略
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīnlüè
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ ㄌㄩㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cam$^1$ loek$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîm-lio̍k
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhim-lio̍k / chhim-lia̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cim$^5$ liag$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīnlüè
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ ㄌㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cinlyuè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^1$-lüeh$^4$
*** Yale: chīn-lywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinliueh
*** Palladius: циньлюэ (cinʹljue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$侵掠 侵略
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cam$^1$ loek$^6$
*** Yale: chām leuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsam$^1$ loek$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cem$^1$ lêg$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ lœːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîm-lio̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: qim$^ˊ$ liog
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qim$^1$ liog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim²⁴⁻¹¹ li̯ok̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-lio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tshim-lio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chimliok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰim³³ liɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-lia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tshim-lia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chimliak
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² liak̚¹²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cim$^5$ liag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshîm lia̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰim⁵⁵⁻¹¹ liak̚⁴/

### Verb

侵略
* to invade (enter a region by force); to commit aggression

#### Synonyms

* 佔據 / 占据 (zhànjù)
* 佔領 / 占领 (zhànlǐng)
* 侵佔 / 侵占 (qīnzhàn)
* 侵入 (qīnrù)
* 侵擾 / 侵扰 (qīnrǎo)
* 侵攻 (qīngōng)
* 侵犯 (qīnfàn)
* 入侵 (rùqīn)
* 攻略 (gōnglüè)
* 盤踞 / 盘踞 (pánjù)
* 進犯 / 进犯 (jìnfàn)

#### Derived terms

* 侵略主義 / 侵略主义 (qīnlüè zhǔyì)
* 侵略性 (qīnlüèxìng)
* 侵略者 (qīnlüèzhě)
* 侵略軍 / 侵略军 (qīnlüèjūn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 侵略(しんりゃく) (shinryaku)
* → Korean: 침략(侵略) (chimnyak)
* → Vietnamese: xâm lược (侵略)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 侵 | 略 |
| しん Grade: S | りゃく Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 侵掠

### Alternative forms

* 侵掠

### Etymology

略 is a daiyōji replacing 掠.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんりゃく [shìńryákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩn̺ɾʲa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

侵(しん)略(りゃく) • (shinryaku)
* aggression
* invasion
* raid

#### Derived terms

* 侵略者(しんりゃくしゃ) (shinryakusha)
* 侵略的(しんりゃくてき) (shinryakuteki)

### Verb

侵(しん)略(りゃく)する • (shinryaku suru) suru (stem 侵(しん)略(りゃく)し (shinryaku shi), past 侵(しん)略(りゃく)した (shinryaku shita))
* to invade

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 侵略し | しんりゃくし | shinryaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 侵略し | しんりゃくし | shinryaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 侵略する | しんりゃくする | shinryaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 侵略する | しんりゃくする | shinryaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 侵略すれ | しんりゃくすれ | shinryaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 侵略せよ¹ 侵略しろ² | しんりゃくせよ¹ しんりゃくしろ² | shinryaku seyo¹ shinryaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 侵略される | しんりゃくされる | shinryaku sareru |
| Causative | 侵略させる 侵略さす | しんりゃくさせる しんりゃくさす | shinryaku saseru shinryaku sasu |
| Potential | 侵略できる | しんりゃくできる | shinryaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 侵略しよう | しんりゃくしよう | shinryaku shiyō |
| Negative | 侵略しない | しんりゃくしない | shinryaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 侵略せず | しんりゃくせず | shinryaku sezu |
| Formal | 侵略します | しんりゃくします | shinryaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 侵略した | しんりゃくした | shinryaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 侵略して | しんりゃくして | shinryaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 侵略すれば | しんりゃくすれば | shinryaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 侵 | 略 |

### Noun

侵略 • (chimnyak) (hangeul 침략)
* hanja form of 침략 (“aggression; invasion”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 侵 | 略 |

### Noun

侵略
* chữ Hán form of xâm lược (“aggression; invasion”).

### Verb

侵略
* chữ Hán form of xâm lược (“to invade”).