# 梅花
## Chinese

* 梅花 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 梅花 (Cantonese)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): méihuā
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mui$^4$ faa$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mòi-fâ
    (Hailu, HRS): moi fa$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): moi$^2$ fa$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): mô-huá
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bue$^2$ hua$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): mûi-hoe / bôe-hoa / moâi-hoe / môe-hoe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuê$^5$ huê$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$me-ho$_1$ / $^2$me-ho$_1$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mei$^2$ fa$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méihuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méihua
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^2$-hua$^1$
*** Yale: méi-hwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meihua
*** Palladius: мэйхуа (mɛjxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méihuār
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méihuar
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^2$-hua$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: méi-hwār
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meihual
*** Palladius: мэйхуар (mɛjxuar)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mui$^4$ faa$^1$
*** Yale: mùih fā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mui$^4$ faa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mui$^4$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòi-fâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: moi$^ˇ$ fa$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: moi$^2$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /moi̯¹¹ fa²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: moi fa$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /moi⁵⁵ fa⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: moi$^2$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /moɪ¹¹ fa⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mô-huá
*** Sinological IPA : /mo³³ xua⁵⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bue$^2$ hua$^1$ [Phonetic: bue$^5$ ua$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bói-hua
*** Sinological IPA : /puei¹³⁻²¹ $^{(h-)}$ua⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mûi-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: muî-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mui'hoef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôe-hoa
*** Tâi-lô: buê-hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boe'hoaf
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bue¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: moâi-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: muâi-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: moai'hoef
*** IPA (Taipei): /muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môe-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: muê-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: moe'hoef
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhuê$^5$ huê$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buê hue
*** Sinological IPA : /bue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$me-ho$_1$
*** MiniDict: me$^去$ ho$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$me-ho$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /me²² ho⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou, Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^2$me-ho$_1$
*** MiniDict: me$^平$ ho$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /me²² ho³³/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /me²² ho⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: mei$^2$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/
* Middle Chinese: mwoj xwae
Rime :
| Character | 梅 | 花 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 莫杯切 | 呼瓜切 |
| Baxter | mwoj | xwae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muʌi/ | /hˠua/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muoi/ | /hʷᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɒi/ | /xua/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwəj/ | /hwaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /muᴀi/ | /xua/ |
| Wang Li | /muɒi/ | /xwa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muɑ̆i/ | /xwa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | méi | huā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mui$^4$ | faa$^1$ |

### Noun

梅花
* plum blossom (Prunus mume)
    Synonym: 南柯 (nánkē)
** 1976, “梅花 (méihuā) [Plum Blossom]”, 劉家昌 [Liu Chia-chang] (lyrics):
       Méihuā méihuā mǎntiān xià, yuè lěng tā yuè kāihuā. [Pinyin]
       Plum blossoms, plum blossoms, petals filling the sky; the colder it becomes, the more they blossom.
* wintersweet
* (card games) club (♣)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 梅花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 梅花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 梅花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 梅花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 梅花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 梅花 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 梅花 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 梅花 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 梅花 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 梅花 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 梅花 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 梅花 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 梅花 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 梅花 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 梅花 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 梅花 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 梅花 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 梅花 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 梅花 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 梅花 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 梅花 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 梅花 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 梅花 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 梅花 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 梅花 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 梅花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 梅花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 梅花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 梅花, 草花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 梅花, 草花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 梅花, 草花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 梅花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 梅花, 草花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 梅花兒, 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 梅花兒, 草花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 梅花兒, 草花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 梅花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 梅花, 草花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 梅花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 梅花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 梅花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 梅花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 梅花 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 草花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 梅花兒, 草花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 草花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 草花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 草花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 草花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 梅花, 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 梅花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 梅花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 梅花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 梅花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 梅花, 草花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 梅花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 梅花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 梅花, 草花, 草花兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 梅花, 梅花兒, 櫻花兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 梅花, 櫻花兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 梅花, 櫻花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 梅花, 梅子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 梅花兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 細葉兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 梅花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 梅花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 梅花, 草花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 梅花, 草花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 梅花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 草花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 梅花, 草花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 梅花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 梅花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 草花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 梅花 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 梅花 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 梅花, 狗腳跡 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 梅花 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 草花, 梅花 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 梅花 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 梅花兒, 梅花 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 梅花兒, 梅子 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Jining | 梅花 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 梅花 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Handan | 梅花, 草花 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 梅花兒 |
| Jin | Suide | 梅花兒 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 梅花 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 棉花 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 梅花 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 梅花 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 梅花 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 草花 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 草花, 草頭 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 草花, 金花菜 |
| Wu | Danyang | 梅花, 草花 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 草花 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 草子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 草花 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 梅花 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 草花 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 梅花 |

### Proper noun

梅花
* (～鎮) Meihua (a town in Changle district, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

### See also

Suits in Mandarin · 花色 (huāsè) (layout · text) :
| 紅心 / 红心 (hóngxīn), 紅桃 / 红桃 (hóngtáo) | 方塊 / 方块 (fāngkuài) | 黑桃 (hēitáo) | 梅花 (méihuā) |
Suits in Cantonese · 花色 (faa$^1$ sik$^1$) (layout · text) :
| 紅心 / 红心 (hung$^4$ sam$^1$) | 階磚 / 阶砖 (gaai$^1$ zyun$^1$) | 葵扇 (kwai$^4$ sin$^3$) | 梅花 (mui$^4$ faa$^1$) |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 梅 | 花 |
| ばい Grade: 4 | か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 梅花 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From Chinese 梅花 (méihuā).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばいか [báꜜìkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ba̠ika̠]

### Noun

梅(ばい)花(か) • (baika)
* a plum blossom
* abbreviation of 梅花の油 (“hair tonic with a plum blossom scent”)
* abbreviation of 梅花方 (“incense with an aroma similar to plum blossom”)

#### Derived terms

* 梅花藻(バイカモ) (baikamo)