OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# infinitive
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English infenitife (“without end, in perpetuity”), from Late Latin īnfīnītīvus (“unlimited, indefinite”), from Latin īnfīnītus (“unlimited, infinite”). By surface analysis, infinite +‎ -ive.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪv/, /ɪnˈfɪnətɪv/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

infinitive (plural infinitives)
* (grammar) The infinitive mood or mode (a grammatical mood).
** 1847, J. J. P. Le Brethon, L. Sandier, Guide to the French language; especially devised for persons who wish to study that language without the assistance of a teacher. the tenth edition, revised and corrected, London, page 69:The MANNERS of acting, in grammar called modes or moods, are four; Infinitive, Imperative, Indicative, Subjunctive or Conjunctive.
** 1857, Henry Tindall, A grammar and vocabulary of the Namaqua-Hottentot language, page 38:There are four moods, the Infinitive, Imperative, Indicative, and Subjunctive. [...] the Infinitive is used to express a thing in a general manner.
* (grammar) A non-finite verb form considered neutral with respect to inflection; depending on language variously found used with auxiliary verbs, in subordinate clauses, or acting as a gerund, and often as the dictionary form.
* (grammar) A verbal noun formed from the infinitive of a verb.

#### Hypernyms

* (mood or mode): grammatical mood, mood, mode
* (verb (form)): verb
* (verbal noun): verbal

#### Derived terms

* bare infinitive
* full infinitive
* infinitive marker
* infinitive of purpose
* perfect infinitive
* split an infinitive
* split infinitive
* to-infinitive
* zu-infinitive

#### See also

* gerund
* supine
* lemma
* verb

### Adjective

infinitive (not comparable)
* (grammar) Formed with the infinitive.
** 1847, J. J. P. Le Brethon, L. Sandier, Guide to the French language; especially devised for persons who wish to study that language without the assistance of a teacher. the tenth edition, revised and corrected, London, page 70:INFINITIVE MOOD or MANNER. To Have, Avoir.
** 1858, C. P. Mason, English grammar; including the principles of grammatical analysis, London, page 32:In English there are four moods:–1. The Infinitive Mood. 2. The Indicative Mood. 3. the Imperative Mood. 4. The Subjunctive Mood.
* Unlimited; not bounded or restricted; undefined.
** a. 1823, Cunningham's Sermons (quoted in 1823, The Edinburgh Christian Instructor, volume 23, page 328)
    […] to search out in some higher region of infinitive space a spot where it was impossible for defilement to follow them […]

### References

* ↑ “infinitive, adj. and n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “infinitive (n.)”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

infinitive
* feminine singular of infinitif

### Noun

infinitive f (plural infinitives)
* infinitive clause, same as proposition infinitive

## Italian
### Adjective

infinitive f
* feminine plural of infinitivo

## Latin
### Noun

īnfīnītīve
* vocative singular of īnfīnītīvus
# dotýkat
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech dotýkati. By surface analysis, do- +‎ týkat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdotiːkat]

### Verb

dotýkat impf
* (with genitive object, reflexive with se) imperfective form of dotknout

#### Conjugation

infinitive
dotýkat, dotýkati
active adjective
dotýkající
verbal noun
dotýkání
passive adjective
dotýkaný
present formsindicativeimperative
singularpluralsingularplural
1st person
dotýkámdotýkáme—dotýkejme
2nd person
dotýkášdotýkátedotýkejdotýkejte
3rd person
dotýkádotýkají——
The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive dotýkat.
participlespast participlespassive participles
singularpluralsingularplural
masculine animate
dotýkaldotýkalidotýkándotýkáni
masculine inanimate
dotýkalydotýkány
feminine
dotýkaladotýkána
neuter
dotýkalodotýkaladotýkánodotýkána
transgressives
present
past
masculine singular
dotýkaje—
feminine + neuter singular
dotýkajíc—
plural
dotýkajíce— :

#### Related terms

* dotek

### Further reading

* “dotýkati”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “dotýkati se”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “dotýkat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# чип
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃip]

### Noun

чип • (čip) m
* (electronics) chip

#### Declension
## Northern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yip. Cognate to Khakas чіп (çìp), etc.

### Noun

чип • (čip)
* thread

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, editor (1985), “чип”, in Severnyje Dialekty Altajskovo( Ojrotskovo) Jazyka- Dialekt Lebedinskix Tatar-čalkancev(kuu-kiži) [Northern Altai language-Dialect of Chelkan], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoj literatury, →ISBN, page 222

## Russian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English chip.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ɕip]
* Rhymes: -ip

### Noun

чип • (čip) m inan (genitive чи́па, nominative plural чи́пы, genitive plural чи́пов)
* (electronics) chip

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: չիպ (čʻip)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From English chip.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃîp/

### Noun

чи̏п m (Latin spelling čȉp)
* chip

#### Declension
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English chip.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃɪp]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

чип • (čyp) m inan (genitive чи́па, nominative plural чи́пи, genitive plural чи́пів)
* (electronics) chip (circuit fabricated in one piece on a small, thin substrate)
    Near-synonym: мікросхе́ма f (mikrosxéma)

#### Declension
### References

* Busel, V. T. (2005) “чип”, in Великий тлумачний словник сучасної української мови [Great Explanatory Dictionary of Modern Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), 2nd edition, Kyiv, Irpin: Perun, →ISBN, page 1602
* “чип”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)

### Further reading

* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “чип”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “чип”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “чип”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “чип”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
# aluminiumsfolie
## Danish
### Alternative forms

* aluminiumfolie

### Etymology

From aluminium +‎ -s- +‎ folie.

### Noun

aluminiumsfolie c (singular definite aluminiumsfolien or aluminiumsfoliet, plural indefinite aluminiumsfolier)
* aluminium foil (UK), or aluminum foil (US)
    Synonyms: alufolie, stanniol

#### Declension
### References

* “aluminiumsfolie” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* aluminiumfolie

### Etymology

From aluminium +‎ -s- +‎ folie.

### Noun

aluminiumsfolie m (definite singular aluminiumsfolien, indefinite plural aluminiumsfolier, definite plural aluminiumsfoliene)
* aluminium foil (UK), or aluminum foil (US)

### References

* “aluminiumsfolie” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* aluminiumfolie

### Etymology

From aluminium +‎ -s- +‎ folie.

### Noun

aluminiumsfolie m (definite singular aluminiumsfolien, indefinite plural aluminiumsfoliar, definite plural aluminiumsfoliane)
* aluminium foil (UK), or aluminum foil (US)

### References

* “aluminiumsfolie” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
# alufolie
## Danish
### Etymology

From alu- +‎ folie.

### Noun

alufolie c (singular definite alufolien or alufoliet, plural indefinite alufolier)
* aluminium foil (UK), or aluminum foil (US)
    Synonyms: aluminiumsfolie, stanniol

#### Declension
### References

* “alufolie” in Den Danske Ordbog
# Laelius
## Latin
### Etymology

Possibly from Latin laeva (“left [side or direction]”), which had a positive connotation in the archaic Latin and Etruscan rite.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈlae̯.li.us/, [ˈɫ̪äe̯lʲiʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈle.li.us/, [ˈlɛːlius]

### Proper noun

Laelius m (genitive Laeliī or Laelī); second declension
* a Roman nomen gentilicium

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Descendants

* Ancient Greek: Λαίλιος (Laílios)

### References

* “Laelius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Laelius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “Laelius” on page 1096/2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
* Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “laeuus”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎ (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 338
# egység
## Hungarian
### Etymology

egy (“one”) +‎ -ség (“-ness”, noun-forming suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛcʃeːɡ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: egy‧ség
* Rhymes: -eːɡ

### Noun

egység (plural egységek)
* (sciences) unit (a standard measure of a quantity)
    A hosszmérték egysége a méter. ― The unit of length is the meter.
* device
    Synonym: eszköz
    gyorsítóegység ― accelerating device
* (lexicography) item
    szótári egység ― lexical item
* unity, oneness, whole
    Synonym: egységesség
    nemzeti egység ― national unity
* unity, integrity
    Synonyms: összhang, harmónia
* (military) squad, unit, troops
    terrorelhárító egység ― counterterrorist unit

#### Derived terms

* alegység
* egységes → egységesít
* egységnyi
* egységű
* egységállam
* egységállapot
* egységár
* egységbontó
* egységcsomag
* egységfront
* egységmátrix
* egységpárt
* egységszervezet
* akcióegység
* alapegység
* bemenőegység
* csapategység
* deszantegység
* ejtőernyősegység
* energiaegység
* fényegység
* formaegység
* gazdálkodóegység
* gyáregység
* hajóegység
* harcegység
* hardveregység
* határőregység
* hosszúságegység
* hőegység
* időegység
* időzítőegység
* jogegység
* kiegészítőegység
* kimenőegység
* kódolóegység
* leszállóegység
* memóriaegység
* mentőegység
* mértékegység
* mondategység
* munkaegység, munkásegység
* nyomtatóegység
* pártegység
* pénzegység
* repülőegység
* részegység
* ritmusegység
* SI-egység
* súlyegység
* szolgáltatóegység
* szóegység
* szövegegység
* tájegység
* tápegység
* tárolóegység
* területegység
* térfogategység
* tömegegység
* utászegység
* üzemegység
* vezérlőegység
* csillagászati egység
* egységben az erő

### Further reading

* egység in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* egység in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
# egyszemű
## Hungarian
### Etymology

egy (“one”) +‎ szemű (“-eyed”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛcsɛmyː]
* Rhymes: -myː
* Hyphenation: egy‧sze‧mű

### Adjective

egyszemű (not comparable)
* one-eyed
    A küklopszok egyszemű óriások a görög mitológiában. ― Cyclops are one-eyed giants in Greek mythology.
# giftsub
## English
### Alternative forms

* gift sub, gift-sub

### Etymology

Clipping of gift subscription, or from gift +‎ sub.

### Noun

giftsub (plural giftsubs)
* (Internet, colloquial, Twitch-speak) A subscription purchased by one user and given to another as a gift, especially to a Twitch channel or similar platform. [from 2017]
    Synonyms: gifted sub, gift subscription

### Verb

giftsub (third-person singular simple present giftsubs, present participle giftsubbing, simple past and past participle giftsubbed)
* (Internet, colloquial, Twitch-speak) To purchase a subscription and gift it to another user, especially to a Twitch channel or similar platform.
    Synonyms: gift a sub, gift a subscription

### Usage notes

On Twitch or similar platforms, users can buy subscriptions (for themselves, someone specific, or randomly to others) to support a streamer and potentially for exclusive abilities.

### See also

* subathon
# 鸡芒毹
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 鸡芒毹 – see 雞芒毹 (“goosebumps”). (This term is the simplified form of 雞芒毹).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# исме
## Old Novgorodian
### Alternative forms

* єсме (jesme) (year 1300±25)
* ѥсомо (jesomo) (year 1300±100)
* ѥсми (jesmi) (year 1363±22)
* ѥсмь (jesmĭ) (year 1380±20)
* ѥсме (jesme) (year 1390±15)

### Etymology

First attested as исме (isme) in year 1280‒1300. From Proto-Slavic *esmъ.

### Verb

исме • (isme)
* first-person plural present of бꙑти (byti)

#### Examples:

* И позвале насъ господине на комелъ и пошли єсме на комѣине с максомъ.
* And Mister called us so we go to Komel. So we went on Komeynia with Max.

### References

* ↑ “letter no. 929]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
* ↑ “letter no. 357]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
* ↑ “letter no. 370]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
* ↑ “letter no. 248]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
* ↑ “letter no. 361]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
* ↑ “letter no. 929]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
# 起雞母皮
## Chinese

| | | to rise; to raise; to get up | goosebumps |
| trad. (起雞母皮/起鷄母皮) | trad. (起雞母皮/起鷄母皮) | 起 | 雞母皮/鷄母皮 |
| simp. (起鸡母皮) | simp. (起鸡母皮) | 起 | 鸡母皮 |

### Pronunciation

* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ki$^3$ ge$^1$ bo$^3$ pue$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khí-ke-bó-phôe / khí-koe-bú-phê
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ki$^3$ ge$^1$ bo$^3$ pue$^2$ [Phonetic: ki$^5$ e$^5$ o$^2$ pue$^2$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kî-ga̤-beô-pói
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰi⁴⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$e⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(p-)}$o⁴⁵³⁻¹³ pʰuei¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ki$^3$ ge$^1$ bo$^3$ pue$^2$ [Phonetic: ki$^5$ e$^5$ bho$^1$ bhue$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰi³³²⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$e⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(p-)}$βɵ³³²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(pʰ-)}$βuei¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-ke-bó-phôe
*** Tâi-lô: khí-ke-bó-phuê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qy'ke'boyphoee
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ bɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰue²³/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-koe-bú-phê
*** Tâi-lô: khí-kue-bú-phê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qy'koe'bwphee
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴⁻³³ bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰe²⁴/

### Verb

起⫽雞母皮 (verb-object)
* (Hokkien, Puxian Min) to have goosebumps

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 起雞皮疙瘩兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 出雞兒疙瘩 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 起雞皮疙瘩子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 起雞皮疙瘩, 起雞皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 起雞肉皮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 肉毛管起, 肉酸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 起雞皮, 起雞皮皺, 毛管戙, 毛管鬆 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 起雞皮, 毛管戙 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 起雞皮米, 雞皮米聳, 雞皮米粟 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 起雞皮 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 起雞婆皮, 起寒毛子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 起雞嫲皮 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 起寒毛菇, 起雞嫲皮 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 起寒毛菇, 起雞嫲皮 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 起寒毛菇, 雞嫲皮膨膨起 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 起雞嫲皮, 雞嫲皮膨膨起 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 起寒毛菇, 起雞嫲皮 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 起雞嫲皮 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 毛孔合合豎 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 發疙瘩 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 毛管鬆去, 毛鬆管制 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 起雞母皮 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 起雞母皮 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 雞母皮浮, 浮雞母皮 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 起雞皮 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 起雞母皮, 上雞肉毹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 上雞祖 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 起雞母皮, 上雞芒毹 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 起肉毛管 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 筋肉痱子走來 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 起雞皮疙瘩 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 毛管隑起 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 寒毛管豎挈來 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 起雞皮它 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 起雞皮痆 |

### References

* “起雞母皮”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
# 棉実油
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 棉 | 実 | 油 |
| Hyōgai | Grade: 3 | Grade: 3 |
* Alternative spelling
* 棉實油 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 棉実油 – see the following entry. :
| 【綿実油めんじつゆ】 | [noun] cottonseed oil |
(This term, 棉実油, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# pumbys Mair
## Welsh
### Etymology

Literally “Mary's cinquefoil”.

### Noun

pumbys Mair pl or m
* globeflower (Trollius europaeus)

#### Synonyms

* cronnell

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pumbys Mair”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# 上鷄肉毹
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 上鷄肉毹 – see 上雞肉毹 (“to have goosebumps”). (This term is a variant traditional form of 上雞肉毹).
# wieśniak
## Polish
### Etymology

From wieśny +‎ -ak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvjɛɕ.ɲak/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɕɲak
* Syllabification: wieś‧niak

### Noun

wieśniak m pers (female equivalent wieśniaczka)
* villager
* (derogatory) yokel; rustic; uncultured person, yob, ned, gopnik

#### Declension

The alternate nominative and vocative plural form is used only in sense #2.

### Further reading

* wieśniak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* wieśniak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# טשטש
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /tiʃˈteʃ/

### Verb

טִשְׁטֵשׁ • (tishtésh) (pi'el construction, passive counterpart טֻשְׁטַשׁ)
* to blur, make unrecognizable
    אטשטש עקבותייI will erase my traces [footprints].

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

### References

* Klein, Ernest (1987) “טִשְׁטֵשׁ”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎, Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 252c
* “טשטש” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# basod
## Bikol Central
### Alternative forms

* basud

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baˈsod/ [baˈsod̪]
* Hyphenation: ba‧sod

### Noun

basód (Basahan spelling ᜊᜐᜓᜇ᜔)
* (dialect) sand, finely ground rock
    Synonym: baybay
# cuttlefish
## English
### Etymology

From cuttle +‎ fish.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkʌtl̩fɪʃ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈkʌt(ə)lfɪʃ/, (common but proscribed) /-təɹ-/, [-ɾ(ə)l]
* Hyphenation: cut‧tle‧fish

### Noun

cuttlefish (countable and uncountable, plural cuttlefishes or cuttlefish)
* Any squid-like cephalopods (marine mollusks) of the order Sepiida that have eight arms, two retractable tentacles, and a calcareous internal shell, and can eject a dark ink when threatened.
    Synonyms: cuttle, inkfish, sepia
    Hypernyms: cephalopod < mollusc < animal < organism < creature
    Hyponym: flamboyant cuttlefish
    Coordinate terms: octopus, squid, nautilus

#### Derived terms

* cuttlebone
* cuttlefish bone
# Môn-đô-va
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From English Moldova or Romanian Moldova.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [mon˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧ vaː˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [moŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ vaː˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [moŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ vaː˧˧] ~ [moŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ jaː˧˧]
* Phonetic spelling: môn đô va

### Proper noun

Môn-đô-va
* Moldova (a country in Eastern Europe)

### Adjective

Môn-đô-va
* Moldovan

### Synonyms

* Môn-đa-vi
# crudus
## Latin
### Etymology

Possibly from *crūrus (with dissimilation), from Proto-Italic *krūros, from Proto-Indo-European *kruh₂rós, from *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with English raw.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkruː.dus/, [ˈkruːd̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkru.dus/, [ˈkruːd̪us]

### Adjective

crūdus (feminine crūda, neuter crūdum, comparative crūdior, superlative crūdissimus); first/second-declension adjective
* raw, bloody, bleeding
* immature, unripe, premature
* unprepared, raw, uncooked
* (figuratively) crude, cruel, rough

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Related terms

* crūdēlē
* crūdēlis
* crūdēlitas
* crūdēliter
* crūdescō
* crūditās
* crūditātiō
* crūditō

#### Descendants

* Aromanian: crud
* → Asturian: crudu
* Catalan: cru
* Dalmatian: croit
* Franco-Provençal: cru
* Friulian: crût, crûd
* Italian: crudo
* Ligurian: crûo
* → Middle English: crude
** English: crude (see there for further descendants)
* Occitan: crus
* Old French: cru
** Middle French: crud
*** French: cru
* Old Galician-Portuguese: cruu
** Galician: cru
** Portuguese: cru (see there for further descendants)
* Piedmontese: cru
* Romanian: crud
* Romansch: criv, criu, criev, crüj
* Sardinian: cru, crudu, cruo, cruu
* Sicilian: crudu
* → Spanish: crudo
* Venetan: cruo, cru, cruf

### References

* “crudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “crudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* crudus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* crudus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
# Vorfall
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfoːɐ̯ˌfal/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Vor‧fall

### Etymology 1

Deverbal of vorfallen.

### Noun

Vorfall m (strong, genitive Vorfalles or Vorfalls, plural Vorfälle)
* incident (event or occurrence)
    Synonyms: Begebenheit, Ereignis, Geschehnis, Vorgang, Vorkommnis

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Derived terms

* Geschäftsvorfall
* Reisevorfall
* Sicherheitsvorfall

#### Related terms

* Abfall
* Anfall
* Durchfall
* Rückfall
* Zwischenfall

### Etymology 2

Deverbal of vorfallen.

### Noun

Vorfall m (strong, genitive Vorfalles or Vorfalls, plural Vorfälle)
* (medicine) prolapse
    Synonym: Prolaps

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

#### Derived terms

* Bandscheibenvorfall
* Gebärmuttervorfall
* Harnröhrenvorfall
* Hemipenisvorfall
* Mastdarmvorfall
* Penisvorfall
* Scheidenvorfall

### Further reading

* “Vorfall” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Vorfall” in Duden online
# spacerniak
## Polish
### Etymology

From spacer +‎ -niak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /spaˈt͡sɛr.ɲak/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛrɲak
* Syllabification: spa‧cer‧niak

### Noun

spacerniak m inan
* (prison slang) prison yard
    Synonyms: spacernik, spacerownik
    Hypernym: podwórze
* (colloquial, humorous) place where people often stroll by
    Synonym: spacernik

#### Related terms

* spacerowy
* spacer
* spacerek
* spacernik
* spacerowicz
* spacerowiczka
* spacerownik
* spacerówka
* spacerować impf

### Further reading

* spacerniak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* spacerniak in Polish dictionaries at PWN