# 豺

| 豺 | U+8C7A, &#35962; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C7A |
| ← 豹 [U+8C79] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 豻 → [U+8C7B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

豺 (Kangxi radical 153, 豸+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月竹木竹 (BHDH), four-corner 2420$_0$, composition ⿰豸才)

#### Derived characters

* 𡺵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1200, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36500
* Dae Jaweon: page 1662, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3908, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8C7A

## Chinese

* 豺 (Wu)
* 豺 (Cantonese)
* 豺 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 茬 | *zraː, *zraːʔ, *ʔsrɯ, *zrɯ |
| 材 | *zlɯː |
| 才 | *zlɯː, *zlɯːs |
| 財 | *zlɯː |
| 鼒 | *zlɯː, *ʔslɯ |
| 在 | *zlɯːʔ, *zlɯːs |
| 豺 | *zrɯː |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zrɯː): semantic 豸 (“creature”) + phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “link with Manchu "jar'hu"?”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chái (chai$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄞˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cai$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caai$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cai$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): cai$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sài
    (Hailu, HRS): sai
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sai$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): cai$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): cǎi
* Eastern Min (BUC): chài
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zai$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): châi / chhâi / siâ / siâⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cai$^5$ / sai$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$za
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zai$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chái
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chái
*** Wade–Giles: chʻai$^2$
*** Yale: chái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chair
*** Palladius: чай (čaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cai$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cai
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caai$^4$
*** Yale: chàaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: cai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sài
*** Hakka Romanization System: sai$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sai̯¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sai
*** Sinological IPA: /sai⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /saɪ¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: cai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chài
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zai$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cái
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi
*** Tâi-lô: tsâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zaai
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâi
*** Tâi-lô: tshâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaai
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâ
*** Tâi-lô: siâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaa
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /sia²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia¹³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: siânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sviaa
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siã¹³/
* Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
** châi/chhâi - literary;
** siâ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: dzreaj
Rime :
| Character | 豺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 士皆切 |
| Baxter | dzreaj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒˠɛi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐᵚæi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒɐi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐəɨj/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒɛi/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒɐi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱăi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chái |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤrə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 豺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chái |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzreaj › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]ˁrə/ |
| English | wolf |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 豺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1066 |
| Phonetic component | 才 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 豺 |
| Old Chinese | /*zrɯː/ |

### Definitions

豺
* dhole (Cuon alpinus)
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Chái jì shòu, ránhòu tiánliè. [Pinyin]
    When the dhole sacrificed its prey, the hunting commenced.
    豺狼 ― cháiláng ― the dhole and the wolf
    豺狗 ― cháigǒu ― dhole

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 豺 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 豺, 豺狗 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 豺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 棒子狗 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 豺狼子, 豺狗子 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 豺狗 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 豺狗 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 豺狗 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 豺狗 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 豺狗 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 豺狗 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 豺狗 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 豺狗 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 豺狗 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 豺狗 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 豺狗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 豺 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 豺狗 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 山狗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 山狗, 豺狗 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 豺狗 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 豺狗 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 豺狗子 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 豺狗 |

#### Usage notes

This canid is often misidentified as a jackal (胡狼) or a wolf (狼) by English translators (Schafer, 1991). Chinese translators also often use 豺 to translate "jackal".

### Compounds

* 投畀豺虎 (tóubìcháihǔ)
* 虎豹豺狼 (hǔbàocháiláng)
* 虺豺 (huǐchái)
* 蜂目豺聲 / 蜂目豺声 (fēngmùcháishēng)
* 豺兕 (cháisì)
* 豺心
* 豺武
* 豺漆
* 豺牙 (cháiyá)
* 豺狗 (cháigǒu)
* 豺狼 (cháiláng)
* 豺狼塞路
* 豺狼成性
* 豺狼橫道 / 豺狼横道
* 豺狼當塗 / 豺狼当涂
* 豺狼當路 / 豺狼当路
* 豺狼當道 / 豺狼当道 (cháilángdāngdào)
* 豺狼虎豹 (cháilánghǔbào)
* 豺狼野心
* 豺獺 / 豺獭 (cháitǎ)
* 豺目
* 豺祭
* 豺節 / 豺节
* 豺羹 (cháigēng)
* 豺羽
* 豺聲 / 豺声
* 豺舅
* 豺虎 (cháihǔ)
* 豺虎窟
* 豺虎肆虐
* 豺虺
* 豺豕
* 豺貙 / 豺䝙
* 豺貪 / 豺贪
* 豺遘
* 豺鼠子
* 金豺 (jīnchái)
* 隆豺
* 騰豺 / 腾豺
* 骨瘦如豺 (gǔshòurúchái)
* 鳶肩豺目 / 鸢肩豺目 (yuānjiān cháimù)
* 鼠豺

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぜ (ze)
* Kan-on: さい (sai)
* Kun: やまいぬ (yamainu)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 豺 (MC dzreaj). Recorded as Middle Korean 𧲣/싀 (suy) (Yale: suy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 豺 (eumhun 승냥이 시 (seungnyang'i si))
* hanja form of 시 (“dhole”)

#### Compounds

* 시랑 (豺狼, sirang)
* 시호 (豺虎, siho)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

豺: Hán Việt readings: sài (牀(sàng)皆(giai)切(thiết))
豺: Nôm readings: sài, rài
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 豺狼 (sài lang)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* 1 2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).