# abnormal
## English
### Alternative forms

* anormal
* (obsolete) abnormous

### Etymology

From ab- +‎ normal. First attested in 1835, replacing the earlier anormal and even earlier abnormous, from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either (ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”)), or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈæbˌnɔɹ.ml̩/, /əbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)məl

### Adjective

abnormal (comparative more abnormal, superlative most abnormal)
* Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.]
** 1899, Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter 6, in A Duet:And then after an abnormal meal, which was either a very late breakfast or a very early lunch, they drove on to Victoria Station.
* Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.]
** 1904, Jack London, chapter 23, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:Furuseth was right; I was abnormal, an "emotionless monster," a strange bookish creature, capable of pleasuring in sensations only of the mind.
** 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 161:Many of the so-called rites of these secret societies were so patently ridiculous, that it is quite obvious that they were merely an excuse for men and women to indulge in sex-play and lustful gratification, frequently of an abnormal kind.

#### Synonyms

* (not conforming to rule or system; deviating from type): aberrant, anomalous, atypical, exceptional, extraordinary, irregular, preternatural, strange, unusual.

#### Derived terms

* abend
* abnormalcy
* abnormal hieratic
* abnormalise
* abnormalism
* abnormalist
* abnormality
* abnormalization
* abnormalize
* abnormally
* abnormalness
* abnormal psychology
* abnormie
* abnormity
* haploabnormal
* nonabnormal
* superabnormal

#### Descendants

* Cebuano: abnormal
* Norwegian Bokmål: abnormal
* Tagalog: abnormal

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

abnormal (plural abnormals)
* A person or object that is not normal.

### References

* ↑ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 3
* ↑ Morris, William, editor (1969), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., published 1971, →ISBN, page 3
* ↑ Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “abnormal”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 3.
* 1 2 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abnormal”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 6.

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Borrowed from English abnormal.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal

### Adjective

abnormal
* abnormal; deviating from the usual or normal type
* retarded (having mental retardation)
* stupid (lacking in intelligence)

### Noun

abnormal
* retard
* stupid person

### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:abnormal.

### Derived terms

* abno
* abnoy

## German
### Etymology

Related to Latin ab- and normal

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

abnormal (strong nominative masculine singular abnormaler, comparative abnormaler, superlative am abnormalsten)
* abnormal

#### Related terms

* Abnormalität

### Further reading

* “abnormal” in Duden online
* “abnormal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch abnormaal, from English abnormal or German abnormal. Equivalent of ab- (“away from”) +‎ normal.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /abˈnɔrmal/ [ap̚ˈnɔr.mal]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔrmal
* Syllabification: ab‧nor‧mal

### Adjective

abnormal
* abnormal (not conforming to rule or system)

#### Derived terms

* abnormalkan (“to abnormalize”)
* keabnormalan (“abnormalness, abnormality”)

#### Related terms

* abnormalitas

### Further reading

* “abnormal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

From English abnormal, from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either (ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”)), or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos).

### Pronunciation

* (English-based) IPA: [ɛp.nɔ.məl]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
** Rhymes: -məl, -əl
* (spelling-based) IPA: [ap.nɔ(r).mal]
** Audio (Malaysia, non-rhotic):(file)
** Audio (Malaysia, rhotic):(file)
** Rhymes: -mal, -al
* Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal

### Adjective

abnormal (Jawi spelling ابنورمل)
* Deviating from the usual or normal type; abnormal.

#### Affixations

* keabnormalan

### References

* “abnormal” in Kamus Dewan Perdana, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2021, →ISBN, page 4.
* “abnormal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From abnorm +‎ -al, perhaps modelled after English abnormal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abnɔrˈmɑːl/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːl
* Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal

### Adjective

abnormal (neuter singular abnormalt, definite singular and plural abnormale, comparative mer abnormal, superlative mest abnormal)
* abnormal (not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type)
    Synonyms: anormal, unormal, uvanlig, usedvanlig, ualminnelig, overordentlig
    Antonyms: normal, vanlig, ordinær, gjennomsnittlig
    abnormal psykologi ― abnormal psychology
** 1969, Naturen:normale og abnormale blodcellernormal and abnormal blood cells
** 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter I, page 406:[de] abnormale mod skjønhedsideen stridende udvæxter[the] abnormal outgrowths contrary to the idea of beauty
** 1967, Naturen, page 6:abnormalt høye varmestrømmer fra underhavene [områdene under verdenshavene]abnormally high heat flows from under the oceans [areas under the world's oceans]
** 2015 February 18, scenekunst.no‎$^{[X]}$:[han er] ikledd et absurd kontorantrekk fra 60-tallet med abnormalt høyt liv og et stripete slips[he is] wearing an absurd office suit from the 60's with abnormally high waist and a striped tie

### References

* “abnormal” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
* “abnormal” in Store norske leksikon

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from English abnormal, originally as a pseudo-Hispanism as shown by ultimate stress. The correct Spanish counterpart is anormal.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ʔabnoɾˈmal/ [ʔɐb.n̪oɾˈmal] (common)
*** Rhymes: -al
** IPA: /ʔabˈnoɾmal/ [ʔɐbˈn̪oɾ.mɐl] (in code-switching speech)
*** Rhymes: -oɾmal
* Syllabification: ab‧nor‧mal

### Adjective

abnormál or abnormal (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)
* abnormal; irregular
    Synonyms: di-karaniwan, di-normal
* (vulgar, colloquial) despicably stupid; useless; expressing improper or irregular behavior

#### Usage notes

* The pronunciation /ʔabnoɾˈmal/ is the usual pronunciation attested in dictionaries and is commonly used.
* The pronunciation /ʔabˈnoɾmal/ is commonly used in code-switching speech, especially by younger speakers.

#### Derived terms

* abnoy

#### Related terms

* abnormalidad

### Further reading

* “abnormal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018