# 棋

| 棋 | U+68CB, &#26827; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68CB |
| ← 棊 [U+68CA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 棌 → [U+68CC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

棋 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木廿一金 (DTMC), four-corner 4498$_1$, composition ⿰木其)

#### Derived characters

* 𦻊, 簯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 532, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14922
* Dae Jaweon: page 920, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1224, character 4
* Unihan data for U+68CB

## Chinese

* 棋 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 棋 (Cantonese)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 棋 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 基 | *kɯ |
| 箕 | *kɯ |
| 朞 | *kɯ |
| 稘 | *kɯ |
| 萁 | *kɯ, *ɡɯ |
| 期 | *kɯ, *ɡɯ |
| 諅 | *kɯ, *ɡɯs |
| 其 | *kɯ, *ɡɯ |
| 錤 | *kɯ, *ɡɯ |
| 諆 | *kɯ, *kʰɯ |
| 欺 | *kʰɯ |
| 娸 | *kʰɯ |
| 魌 | *kʰɯ |
| 僛 | *kʰɯ |
| 唭 | *kʰɯs |
| 棋 | *ɡɯ |
| 旗 | *ɡɯ |
| 淇 | *ɡɯ |
| 祺 | *ɡɯ, *ɡɯ |
| 琪 | *ɡɯ |
| 騏 | *ɡɯ |
| 綦 | *ɡɯ |
| 麒 | *ɡɯ |
| 蜞 | *ɡɯ |
| 綨 | *ɡɯ |
| 蜝 | *ɡɯ |
| 棊 | *ɡɯ |
| 碁 | *ɡɯ |
| 鯕 | *ɡɯ |
| 踑 | *ɡɯ |
| 藄 | *ɡɯ |
| 櫀 | *ɡɯ |
| 璂 | *ɡɯ |
| 禥 | *ɡɯ |
| 惎 | *ɡɯs |
| 帺 | *ɡɯs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯ): semantic 木 (“wooden”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qí (qi$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): qí
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kei$^4$ / kei$^{4-2}$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): kai$^4$ / kai$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kei$^3$ / kei$^{3*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qi$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khì
    (Hailu, HRS): ki
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ki$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qi$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gǐ
* Eastern Min (BUC): gì
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gi$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gi$^5$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gi$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ji
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qi$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qí
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cí
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^2$
*** Yale: chí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ki
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: qí
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kei$^4$ / kei$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: kèih / kéi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kei$^4$ / kei$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kéi$^4$ / kéi$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰei̯²¹/, /kʰei̯²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: kai$^4$ / kai$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐi²¹/, /kʰɐi²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kei$^3$ / kei$^{3*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰei²²/, /kʰei²²⁻²²⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khì
*** Hakka Romanization System: ki$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ki$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ki
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ki$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǐ
*** Sinological IPA : /ki²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gì
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gi$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gí
*** Sinological IPA : /ki¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî
*** Tâi-lô: kî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kii
*** IPA (Zhangpu): /ki²¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Changtai, Taipei): /ki²⁴/
*** IPA (Longyan): /ki¹¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gi$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kî
*** Sinological IPA : /ki⁵⁵/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: gi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki²²/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: gi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ki²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ji
*** MiniDict: ji$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$jji
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑi²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
* Middle Chinese: gi
Rime :
| Character | 棋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠之切 |
| Baxter | gi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kei$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)ə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 棋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gi › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ](r)ə/ |
| English | chess, board game |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 棋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9946 |
| Phonetic component | 其 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 其 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯ/ |
| Notes | 木根，又棊注通作棋 |

#### Definitions

棋
* board game, usually excluding those played with cards (牌 (pái))
    圍棋／围棋 ― wéiqí ― Go (game)
    跳棋 ― tiàoqí ― checkers
       Hēibáiqí shì 19 shìjì fāmíng de yī zhǒng qí. [Pinyin]
       Reversi is a board game invented in the 19th century.
** an instance of playing such games (Classifier: 局; 盤／盘)
       Wǒmen lián xià le sān jú qí. [Pinyin]
       We played three games without a break.
** piece; counter used in such games (Classifier: 枚 m; 隻／只 c)
    落棋無悔／落棋无悔 ― luòqíwúhuǐ ― You should not take back your (Go) stone once it is dropped.
       Bùyào guāng xiǎngzhe chī duìfāng de qí. [Pinyin]
       Don't just only think of capturing the opponent's pieces.
       Zài guójìxiàngqí zhōng, měirén yǒu shíliù méi qí. [Pinyin]
       In chess, each player has sixteen pieces.
       hai$^2$ gwok$^3$ zai$^3$ zoeng$^6$ kei$^{4-2}$ dou$^6$, mui$^5$ jan$^4$ jau$^5$ sap$^6$ luk$^6$ zek$^3$ kei$^{4-2}$. [Jyutping]
       In chess, each player has sixteen pieces.
* (figurative) strategy; plan
    舉棋不定／举棋不定 ― jǔqíbùdìng ― to hesitate
* (Cantonese, figurative) pawn; puppet (someone who is controlled by outside force) (Classifier: 隻／只 c)

#### Compounds

* 一步棋
* 一盤棋 / 一盘棋
* 一統棋 / 一统棋 (yītǒngqí)
* 下棋 (xiàqí)
* 中國象棋 / 中国象棋 (Zhōngguó xiàngqí)
* 五子棋 (wǔzǐqí)
* 五虎棋
* 儒棋
* 兵棋 (bīngqí)
* 博棋
* 回棋 (huíqí)
* 國棋 / 国棋
* 國際象棋 / 国际象棋 (guójì xiàngqí)
* 圍棋 / 围棋 (wéiqí)
* 圍棋段位 / 围棋段位
* 大棋 (dàqí)
* 大象棋
* 奕棋
* 宮棋 / 宫棋
* 對棋 / 对棋
* 屎棋
* 平棋
* 弈棋 (yìqí)
* 引繩棋布 / 引绳棋布
* 彈棋 / 弹棋
* 悔棋 (huǐqí)
* 打棋譜 / 打棋谱
* 抨棋
* 持棋
* 擺棋 / 摆棋
* 散棋
* 敲棋
* 數棋 / 数棋
* 方棋 (fāngqí)
* 星羅棋布 / 星罗棋布 (xīngluóqíbù)
* 暗棋 (ànqí)
* 朝鮮將棋 / 朝鲜将棋 (cháoxiān jiāngqí)
* 朝鮮象棋 / 朝鲜象棋 (cháoxiān xiàngqí)
* 枰棋
* 柯爛棋 / 柯烂棋
* 校棋
* 梟棋 / 枭棋
* 棋丸
* 棋仙
* 棋侶 / 棋侣
* 棋列
* 棋力
* 棋功
* 棋劫
* 棋勢 / 棋势
* 棋博
* 棋友
* 棋名
* 棋品
* 棋坐
* 棋奩 / 棋奁
* 棋子 (qízǐ)
* 棋客
* 棋家
* 棋射
* 棋局 (qíjú)
* 棋峙
* 棋工
* 棋布
* 棋布星羅 / 棋布星罗
* 棋布星陳 / 棋布星陈
* 棋布錯峙 / 棋布错峙
* 棋師 / 棋师
* 棋戰 / 棋战
* 棋手 (qíshǒu)
* 棋敵 / 棋敌
* 棋枰
* 棋格
* 棋楠香
* 棋槊
* 棋法
* 棋流
* 棋炒
* 棋盤 / 棋盘 (qípán)
* 棋眼
* 棋社
* 棋童
* 棋筒
* 棋經 / 棋经
* 棋置
* 棋罫
* 棋羅星布 / 棋罗星布
* 棋聖 / 棋圣 (qíshèng)
* 棋聲 / 棋声
* 棋肆
* 棋藝 / 棋艺 (qíyì)
* 棋處 / 棋处
* 棋術 / 棋术
* 棋譜 / 棋谱 (qípǔ)
* 棋讎 / 棋雠
* 棋跱
* 棋路
* 棋輸先著 / 棋输先著
* 棋迷
* 棋逢對手 / 棋逢对手 (qíféngduìshǒu)
* 棋逢敵手 / 棋逢敌手 (qíféngdíshǒu)
* 棋錯 / 棋错
* 棋錯一著，滿盤皆輸 / 棋错一着，满盘皆输
* 棋鐘 / 棋钟 (qízhōng)
* 棋院 (qíyuàn)
* 棋陸 / 棋陆
* 棋響 / 棋响
* 棋高一著
* 棋高一著 / 棋高一着
* 棋鼓
* 楸棋
* 槊棋
* 死棋 (sǐqí)
* 殘棋 / 残棋 (cánqí)
* 活棋
* 滿棋 / 满棋 (mǎnqí)
* 滿洲棋 / 满洲棋 (mǎnzhōuqí)
* 滿洲象棋 / 满洲象棋 (mǎnzhōu xiàngqí)
* 爭棋 / 争棋
* 琴棋書畫 / 琴棋书画 (qínqíshūhuà)
* 田棋
* 疊棋 / 叠棋
* 盲棋 (mángqí)
* 直棋
* 着棋 (zhuóqí)
* 矢棋
* 糞棋 / 粪棋
* 累棋
* 置棋不定
* 舉棋不定 / 举棋不定 (jǔqíbùdìng)
* 舉棋若定 / 举棋若定
* 著棋 (zhuóqí)
* 著棋 / 着棋 (zhuóqí)
* 落棋
* 蘋果棋 / 苹果棋 (píngguǒqí)
* 蝸角棋 / 蜗角棋
* 蠹居棋處 / 蠹居棋处
* 行棋 (xíngqí)
* 西洋棋 (xīyángqí)
* 西洋象棋 (xīyáng xiàngqí)
* 覆棋
* 謝傅棋 / 谢傅棋
* 謝安棋 / 谢安棋
* 象棋 (xiàngqí)
* 賭棋 / 赌棋
* 走棋 (zǒuqí)
* 跳棋 (tiàoqí)
* 軍棋 / 军棋 (jūnqí)
* 迂棋 (yūqí)
* 長安棋局 / 长安棋局
* 電腦兵棋 / 电脑兵棋
* 霸王棋
* 靈棋經 / 灵棋经 (Língqíjīng)
* 韓國將棋 / 韩国将棋 (hánguó jiāngqí)
* 韓國象棋 / 韩国象棋 (hánguó xiàngqí)
* 高麗將棋 / 高丽将棋 (gāolì jiāngqí)
* 高麗象棋 / 高丽象棋 (gāolì xiàngqí)
* 鬥棋 / 斗棋
* 鬥獸棋 / 斗兽棋 (dòushòuqí)
* 黑白棋
* 鼎棋

#### Descendants

* → Lü: ᦌᦲᧉ (sii²)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jī (ji$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ki
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jī
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ji
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$
*** Yale: jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^1$
*** Yale: gēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
*** Tâi-lô: ki
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ky
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

棋
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) root, basis, alternative form of 基 (jī)

#### Compounds

* 根棋

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* token

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぎ (gi)、ご (go)
* Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 棋
* ご Grade: S
* goon
For pronunciation and definitions of 棋 – see the following entry. :
| 【碁ご】S | [noun] go (board game) Alternative spelling 棊 |
(This term, 棋, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

棋 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

棋: Hán Nôm readings: cời, cờ, cơi, kè, kỳ, kì
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation