# nadir
## English
### Etymology

From Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير السَّمْت (naẓīr as-samt), composed of نَظِير (naẓīr, “counterpart, corresponding to”) and السَّمْت (as-samt, “the zenith”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈneɪˌdɪə(ɹ)/, /ˈnæd.ɪə(ɹ)/, /ˈneɪ.də(ɹ)/, /neɪˈdɪə(ɹ)/
* (US) IPA: /ˈneɪˌdɪɚ/, /ˈneɪ.dɚ/, /neɪˈdɪɚ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪdə(ɹ), -ɪə(ɹ)

### Noun

nadir (plural nadirs)
* The point of the celestial sphere, directly opposite the zenith; inferior pole of the horizon; point of the celestial sphere directly under the place of observation.
    Synonym: antizenith
    Antonym: zenith
** 1638, Sir Thomas Herbert, Some years travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:[…] when we are Nadyr to the Sunne, we have no ſhadow […]
* (figuratively) The lowest point; time of greatest depression.
    Synonyms: lowest ebb, slough of despond, trough, bathos
    Antonyms: height, peak
    Near-synonym: dead
** 1837, Henry Hallam, Introduction to the Literature of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries:[…] the seventh century is the nadir of the human mind in Europe […]
** 1950, Elizabeth Janeway, edited by Helen Hull, The Writer’s Book:In this nadir of poetic repute, when the only verse that most people read from one year’s end to the next is what appears on greetings cards, it is well for us to stop and consider our poets.
** 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 175:The myth describes the dangerous moment of the nadir, the dead of winter, the moment when it is not known whether the world will be re-created and another cycle will bring on another spring.
* (astronomy) The axis of a projected conical shadow; the direction of the force of gravity at a location; down.
    Synonym: down
    The nadir of the sun is the axis of the shadow projected by the Earth.
* (beekeeping, archaic) An empty box added beneath a full one in a beehive to give the colony more room to expand or store honey.
    Antonyms: duplet, super

#### Related terms

* azimuth, zenith - (both from السَّمْتُ (as-samtu)).

#### Translations
### Verb

nadir (third-person singular simple present nadirs, present participle nadiring, simple past and past participle nadired)
* (transitive, beekeeping) To extend (a beehive) by adding an empty box at the base.

### References

* Henry Taylor (1860) The Beekeepers Manual, page 24

### Further reading

* Nadir (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Darin, Drain, Drina, Indra, Nardi, Ndari, Radin, dinar, drain, ranid

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نَادِر (nādir).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɑːˈdiɾ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: na‧dir

### Adjective

nadir (comparative daha nadir, superlative ən nadir)
* rare
    nadir tapıntı ― a rare discovery
    nadir hallarda ― in rare cases, rarely

## French
### Etymology

As for the English word.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na.diʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

nadir m (plural nadirs)
* (astronomy) nadir
    Antonym: zénith

### Further reading

* “nadir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* radin

## Galician
### Noun

nadir m (plural nadires)
* nadir (point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where the observer stands)

### Further reading

* “nadir”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈnadir/ [ˈna.dɪr]
* Rhymes: -adir
* Syllabification: na‧dir

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay nadir, from Persian نادر (nâder, “rare”), from Arabic نَادِر (nādir).

#### Alternative forms

* nadirat

#### Adjective

nadir
* (archaic) rare
    Synonym: jarang
* (archaic) extraordinary
    Synonym: luar biasa

##### Derived terms

* kenadiran

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch nadir, from French nadir, from Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير السَّمْت (naẓīr as-samt), composed of نَظِير (naẓīr, “counterpart, corresponding to”) and السَّمْت (as-samt, “the zenith”).

#### Noun

nadir (plural nadir-nadir)
* nadir, the point of the celestial sphere, directly opposite the zenith; inferior pole of the horizon; point of the celestial sphere directly under the place of observation
* (astronomy) nadir, down; the axis of a projected conical shadow; the direction of the force of gravity at a location

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

nadir (plural nadir-nadir)
* (chiefly dialectal) a Malacca type of large sea-going fishing boat

### Etymology 4

From Classical Persian نَظِیر (nazīr), from Arabic نَظِير (naẓīr). Doublet of nazir.

#### Alternative forms

* nazir

#### Noun

nadir (plural nadir-nadir)
* (archaic) inspector, supervisor
    Synonyms: inspektur, pengawas

### Further reading

* “nadir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Etymology

From Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير السَّمْت (naẓīr as-samt), composed of نَظِير (naẓīr, “counterpart, corresponding to”) and السَّمْت (as-samt, “the zenith”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naˈdir/
* Rhymes: -ir
* Hyphenation: na‧dìr

### Noun

nadir m
* (astronomy) nadir
    Antonym: zenit

### Anagrams

* Randi, nardi

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير (naẓīr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈna.dir/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -adir
* Syllabification: na‧dir

### Noun

nadir m inan
* (astronomy) nadir (axis of projected conical shadow)
    Synonym: perygeum
    Antonym: zenit

#### Declension
### Further reading

* nadir in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* nadir in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /naˈd͡ʒi(ʁ)/ [naˈd͡ʒi(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /naˈd͡ʒi(ʁ)/ [naˈd͡ʒi(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /naˈd͡ʒi(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /naˈd͡ʒi(ʁ)/ [naˈd͡ʒi(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /naˈd͡ʒi(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /naˈdiɾ/ [naˈðiɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /naˈdiɾ/ [naˈðiɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /naˈdi.ɾi/ [naˈði.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: na‧dir

### Noun

nadir m (plural nadires)
* nadir (point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where the observer stands)
* (figuratively) nadir (the lowest point)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French nadir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naˈdir/

### Noun

nadir n (uncountable)
* nadir

#### Declension
### Further reading

* nadir in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naˈdiɾ/ [naˈð̞iɾ]
* Rhymes: -iɾ
* Syllabification: na‧dir

### Noun

nadir m (plural nadires)
* nadir (point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where the observer stands)

### Further reading

* “nadir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish نادر (nadir), from Arabic نَادِر (nādir).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [naːˈdiɾ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: na‧dir

### Adjective

nadir
* rare
    Synonym: ender
    Antonym: yaygın

#### Related terms

* nadiren