# Victorian
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /vɪkˈtɔː.ɹɪ.ən/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /vɪkˈtɔ.ɹi.ən/
* Hyphenation: Vic‧tor‧i‧an

### Etymology 1

From Victoria +‎ -an (suffix forming adjectives and agent nouns), from the name of Queen Victoria (1819–1901), monarch of the United Kingdom.

#### Adjective

Victorian (comparative more Victorian, superlative most Victorian)
* Of or relating to the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, or that period.
** 2012, Andrew Martin, “Deeper”, in Underground Overground: A Passenger’s History of the Tube, London: Profile Books, →ISBN, page 93:From the platforms at Wapping or Rotherhithe you can see the tunnel fleetingly illuminated as the trains approach; it looks so incredibly Victorian that you expect to see Jack the Ripper loitering between the arches.
** 2014 June 14, “It’s a gas: It is possible to sniff out problems in sewer pipes before they happen”, in The Economist‎, volume 411, number 8891, London: Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 28 October 2021:One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city's effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.
* Of or relating to the culture or social conditions of that period.
** In a situation of poverty and social injustice; Dickensian.
*** 2015 April 5, Press Association, “Children living in Victorian conditions, say teachers”, in The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 26 May 2021:In some cases, teachers reported being aware of pupils living in "Victorian conditions", of youngsters coming to school with no socks or coat and of more families depending on food banks.
*** 2022 January 12, Michael Holden, “Reform of the workforce or death by a thousand cuts?”, in Rail, number 948, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 25:I'm not proposing a return to Victorian working conditions, or anything like that, but there are two areas where things need changing.
** (architecture) Of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period.
*** 1941, J[ames] H[erbert] Blackford, The Manor and Village of Cherhill, a Wiltshire Village from Early Times to the Present Day, Frome, Somerset, London: […] Butler & Tanner, →OCLC, page 188:Unhappily, however, all that remains of Cherhill's claim to an old manor house is a rather cold ungabled building, blue-slated in hard ruled lines, and a porch which might have been transplanted from a late Victorian house.
* (figuratively) Of or displaying the (supposed) ideals or standards of morality of that period; conservative; also, old-fashioned, out-of-date.
** 1948, [George] Bernard Shaw, “Farfetched Fables. Preface.”, in Buoyant Billions; Farfetched Fables; Shakes versus Shav, London: Constable, published 1950, →OCLC, page 72:The Labor Church did not last; but the reaction did; and the last I heard of its founder was that he was helping the movement against Victorian prudery in a very practical way as a Nudist photographer, […]
** 2015 July 28, Michael Barone, “Is America Entering a New Victorian Era?”, in National Review‎, New York, N.Y.: National Review, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 October 2020:Even the legalization and vastly increased approval of same-sex marriage has a Victorian aspect. The early same-sex marriage advocates Andrew Sullivan and Jonathan Rauch argued that marriage would domesticate homosexuals.

##### Derived terms

* neo-Victorian
* retro-Victorian
* unVictorian
* Victoriana
* Victorianised, Victorianized (adjective)
* Victorianise, Victorianize
* Victorianism
* Victorianist
* Victorianly
* Victorianness
* Victorian Turkish bath

##### Translations
#### Noun

Victorian (plural Victorians)
* A person born in or living in the Victorian period, or exhibiting characteristics of that period.
** 2008 May 29 – June 4, Aimee Levitt, “St. Louis’ etiquette masters tell us how to mind our manners”, in Riverfront Times‎, St. Louis, Mo.: Euclid Media Group, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2 June 2022, page 20:It was not until the late 1800s when older members of New York society, aghast at the invasion of vulgar "new money," devised a daunting system of social rules – not to mention silverware – meant to repel anyone of humble origins who dared to sit down at one of their twelve-course dinners. It was the Victorians who gave us such useful implements as the strawberry knife.
** 2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: The Nation’s Finest Stations: Grange-over-Sands”, in Rail, number 948, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 27:The arrival of the railway turned this isolated fishing village into a popular seaside destination for Victorians who came to breathe fresh sea air, clear their lungs or take the waters.
* An item of furniture from that period.
* (chiefly US, architecture) A house built in the Victorian architectural style.
** 1987, Faren Maree Bachelis, “Downtown Sacramento”, in The Pelican Guide to Sacramento and the Gold Country (A Firebird Press Book), Gretna, New Orleans, La.: Pelican Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 86:The commercial resurgence brought about by the area's changing tastes is reflected in midtown's conglomeration of refurbished Victorians, apartments, specialty shops, offices, corner groceries, restaurants, single-family homes, and bed and breakfast inns.

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Victoria (“state of Australia in the southeastern part of the continent”) +‎ -an (suffix forming adjectives and agent nouns); the state was named after Queen Victoria when it was established in 1851.

#### Adjective

Victorian (not comparable)
* Of, from or relating to the state of Victoria, Australia.
    Up to 26 properties are believed lost in Victorian bushfires.

##### Translations
#### Noun

Victorian (plural Victorians)
* A native or inhabitant of the state of Victoria, Australia.

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Victoria (“capital of British Columbia, Canada”) +‎ -an (suffix forming adjectives and agent nouns); incorporated as a city in 1862, the settlement which preceded the city was named Fort Victoria after Queen Victoria in 1843.

#### Adjective

Victorian (not comparable)
* (Canada) Of, from or relating to the city of Victoria, capital of British Columbia, Canada.

##### Translations
#### Noun

Victorian (plural Victorians)
* (Canada) A native or inhabitant of the city of Victoria, capital of British Columbia, Canada.

##### Translations
### References

* ↑ “Victorian, adj.$^2$ and n.$^1$”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2021; “Victoria$^1$, adj. and n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* ↑ “Victorian, adj.$^3$ and n.$^2$”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2021; “Victoria$^2$, adj. and n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Further reading

* Queen Victoria on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Victorian architecture on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Victorian decorative arts on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Victorian era on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Victorian morality on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Victoria (Australia) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Victoria, British Columbia on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Victorian (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Finnish
### Proper noun

Victorian
* genitive singular of Victoria