# 光陰
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): guāngyīn
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄤ ㄧㄣ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуонйин (guonyin, I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwong$^1$ jam$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông-yîm
* Eastern Min (BUC): guŏng-ĭng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-im
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guāngyīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤ ㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guangyin
*** Wade–Giles: kuang$^1$-yin$^1$
*** Yale: gwāng-yīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guangin
*** Palladius: гуанъинь (guanʺinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуонйин (guonyin, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /kuɑŋ²⁴ iŋ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwong$^1$ jam$^1$
*** Yale: gwōng yām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwong$^1$ jam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guong$^1$ yem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông-yîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˊ$ im$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong$^1$ yim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông-yîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˊ$ (r)im$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong$^1$ yim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)im²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: guŏng-ĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuoŋ⁵⁵ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-im
*** Tâi-lô: kong-im
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kong'ym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ im³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kwang 'im
Rime :
| Character | 光 | 陰 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 古黃切 | 於金切 |
| Baxter | kwang | 'im |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kwɑŋ/ | /ʔˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷɑŋ/ | /ʔᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑŋ/ | /ʔiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwaŋ/ | /ʔjim/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑŋ/ | /ʔjəm/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑŋ/ | /ĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kwɑŋ/ | /ʔi̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guāng | yīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwong$^1$ | jam$^1$ |

### Noun

光陰
* (figurative) time (the limited time available in a person's life)
    From: c. 800, Danxia Tianran, 《孤寂吟》
    Shírén jiàn yú shǒu gūjì, wèi yán yīshēng wúsuǒ yì. Yú zé xián yín gūjì zhāng, shǐ zhī guāngyīn bù xūzhì. [Pinyin]
    When people these days see me remain in my lonesomeness, they say that I have had no profit my entire life. But when I leisurely recite my works of solitude, only then do I know I have not squandered my days.
* (dialectal) one's life; days in one's life
* (dialectical Mandarin or Dungan) time; age; era
** 抓光陰／抓光阴 [Lanyin Mandarin] ― zhuā guāngyīn [Pinyin] ― race against time
** (Can we date this quote?) Ясыр Шывазы (I͡asɨr Šɨvazɨ)
    Вәмўсы минда шонян / Совет гуонйиншонди, / Зэ кэхуарди гуйтўниVəmwsɨ minda šoni͡an / Sovi͡ət guonyinšondi, / Ze kehuardi guytwni我們是命大少年 / Совет光陰上的 / 在開花兒的國土裡 We are fortunate youths / Of the Soviet age / Within blossoming territory
* (Classical) circumstances; conditions

#### Synonyms

* (time: the limited time in available in a person's life): (literary) 日力 (rìlì), 時光／时光 (shíguāng)
* (time; age; era):
* 世 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
* 世代 (shìdài) (literary)
* 年代 (niándài)
* 年候兒 / 年候儿 (niánhour) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 年歲 / 年岁 (niánsuì)
* 年華 / 年华 (niánhuá)
* 時代 / 时代 (shídài)
* 時期 / 时期 (shíqī)
* 朝代 (cháodài)
* 歲月 / 岁月 (suìyuè)
* (circumstances):
* 事態 / 事态 (shìtài) (especially negative)
* 光景 (guāngjǐng)
* 勢面 / 势面 (Hokkien)
* 境地 (jìngdì) (chiefly undesirable)
* 境況 / 境况 (jìngkuàng) (usually economic)
* 境遇 (jìngyù) (usually negative)
* 局勢 / 局势 (júshì)
* 局面 (júmiàn)
* 形勢 / 形势 (xíngshì)
* 情勢 / 情势 (qíngshì)
* 情境 (qíngjìng)
* 情態 / 情态 (qíngtài)
* 情況 / 情况 (qíngkuàng)
* 情狀 / 情状 (qíngzhuàng) (literary)
* 情節 / 情节 (qíngjié) (of a crime or mistake)
* 景況 / 景况 (jǐngkuàng) (chiefly of an economy or individual)
* 景象 (jǐngxiàng) (literary)
* 板面 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 樣子 / 样子 (yàngzi)
* 模樣 / 模样
* 狀況 / 状况 (zhuàngkuàng)

#### Derived terms

* 一寸光陰一寸金 / 一寸光阴一寸金
* 一寸光陰一寸金，寸金難買寸光陰 / 一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴 (yī cùn guāngyīn yī cùn jīn, cùn jīn nán mǎi cùn guāngyīn)
* 光陰似水 / 光阴似水
* 光陰似箭 / 光阴似箭 (guāngyīn sì jiàn)
* 光陰如隙駒 / 光阴如隙驹
* 光陰如電 / 光阴如电
* 光陰彈指 / 光阴弹指
* 光陰虛度 / 光阴虚度
* 寸金難買寸光陰 / 寸金难买寸光阴

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 光 | 陰 |
| こう Grade: 2 | いん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーいん [kòóíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ko̞ːĩɴ]

### Noun

光(こう)陰(いん) • (kōin)
* time (in a person's life)

#### Derived terms

* 光陰矢(こういんや)の如(ごと)し (kōin ya no gotoshi): time flies like an arrow

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN