# पर
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pəɾ/, [pɐɾ]

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀭𑀺 (pari), 𑀉𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀭𑀺 (uppari), from Sanskrit उपरि (upari, “above”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upér, from *upo.
Cognate with Gujarati પર (par), Marathi वर (var), and distantly Latin super and Old English ofer (whence English over). Doublet of ऊपर (ūpar).

#### Postposition

पर • (par) (Urdu spelling پر)
* on
    Synonym: पे (pe)
    सड़क पर ― saṛak par ― on the road
    मेज़ पर ― mez par ― on the table
* at
    Synonym: पे (pe)
    घर पर ― ghar par ― at home

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀭𑀁 (paraṃ), from Sanskrit परम् (param, “after, but”), oblique of पर (para, “distant, further”).

#### Conjunction

पर • (par) (Urdu spelling پر)
* but, however
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:परन्तु
    मैंने दूध पिया, पर मैंने नाश्ता नहीं किया।ma͠ine dūdh piyā, par ma͠ine nāśtā nahī̃ kiyā.I drank milk, however I did not have breakfast.
* nevertheless

##### Synonyms

* मगर (magar)
* लेकिन (lekin)
* किन्तु (kintu)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian پر (par).

#### Noun

पर • (par) m (Urdu spelling پر)
* feather; wing
    Synonym: पंख (paṅkh)
* quill

##### Declension
### Etymology 4

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पर (para).

#### Adjective

पर • (par) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پر)
* distant, far, remote
    Synonym: दूर (dūr)

### References

* ↑ Reinöhl, Uta (2016) Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

## Nepali
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʌɾʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: परअ

### Verb

पर • (para)
* mid-respectful second-person singular imperative of पर्नु (parnu)

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* para (Latin script)
* 𑀧𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* পর (Bengali script)
* පර (Sinhalese script)
* ပရ (Burmese script)
* ปร or ปะระ (Thai script)
* ᨷᩁ (Tai Tham script)
* ປຣ or ປະຣະ (Lao script)
* បរ (Khmer script)
* 𑄛𑄢 (Chakma script)

### Adjective

पर
* Devanagari script form of para (“other”)
** c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎ (overall work in Pali), page 291; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:वचवसवहादीनं उकारो वस्स ये ॥६॥ वच, वस, वह इच्चेवमादीनं धातूनं वकारस्स उकारो होति य पच्चये परे । उच्चते, वुच्चति; वुस्सति; वुय्हति ॥6. Vacavasavahādīnaṃ ukāro vassa ye Vaca, vasa, vaha iccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vakārassa ukāro hoti ya paccaye pare.Uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.Vac, vas, vah etc. which have 'u' for 'va' Roots vac, vas, vah and so on etc. have 'u' from 'va' next to the ending 'ya'. Exx: uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* পৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬧᬭ (Balinese script)
* পর (Bengali script)
* 𑰢𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀧𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ပရ (Burmese script)
* પર (Gujarati script)
* ਪਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌪𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦥꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂣𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಪರ (Kannada script)
* បរ (Khmer script)
* ປຣ (Lao script)
* പര (Malayalam script)
* ᢒᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘢𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᢒᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧂𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐥𑐬 (Newa script)
* ପର (Odia script)
* ꢦꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆥𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖢𑖨 (Siddham script)
* පර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩰𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚞𑚤 (Takri script)
* பர (Tamil script)
* పర (Telugu script)
* ปร (Thai script)
* པ་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒣𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨞𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *péro-. Compare Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran), Ancient Greek πέρᾱ (pérā).

### Adjective

पर • (para) stem
* (with ablative) other, different (than)
* far, distant, remote
* unfamiliar, alien
* opposite
* ulterior
* ancient
* following, succeeding, subsequent, next
* final, last, ultimate
* more than, exceeding
* left, remaining
* concerned, anxious, nervous

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic

### Noun

पर • (para) stem, m
* a stranger
* a foe, enemy, adversary, opponent
* the supreme Being

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* ⇒ English: pariah dog

### Noun

पर • (para) stem, n
* remoteness
* the highest point/degree
* the supreme Being
* (taxonomy) genus
* existence

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Pali: para
* Prakrit: 𑀧𑀭𑀁 (paraṃ) (< páram)
** Hindustani:
    Hindi: पर (par)
    Urdu: پَر (par)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “पर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 586/1-2.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 86-7