# 妍

| 妍 | U+598D, &#22925; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-598D |
| ← 妌 [U+598C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 妎 → [U+598E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

妍 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女一廿 (VMT), four-corner 4144$_0$, composition ⿰女开)

#### Derived characters

* 𡌎

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 256, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6075
* Dae Jaweon: page 520, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1029, character 7
* Unihan data for U+598D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 笄 | *kŋeː |
| 枅 | *kŋeː |
| 蚈 | *kŋeː, *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 羿 | *ŋeːs |
| 栞 | *ŋ̊ʰaːn |
| 雃 | *ŋaːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 詽 | *ŋreːn, *tŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 揅 | *ŋeːn |
| 幵 | *kŋeːn |
| 鳽 | *kŋeːn, *ŋeːn, *ŋ̊ʰreːŋ, *ŋreːɡ |
| 豣 | *kŋeːn, *ŋeːns |
| 麉 | *kŋeːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 趼 | *kŋeːnʔ, *ŋeːn, *ŋeːns |
| 汧 | *ŋ̊ʰeːn, *ŋ̊ʰeːns |
| 岍 | *ŋ̊ʰeːn |
| 研 | *ŋɡeːn, *ŋeːns |
| 妍 | *ŋeːn |
| 訮 | *hŋeːn |
| 鈃 | *ɡeːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋeːn): semantic 女 + phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yán (yan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngiĕng
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$gni
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yán
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^4$
*** Yale: yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋieŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngiêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiêng
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋieŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$gni
*** MiniDict: nyi$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$'nyi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: ngen
Rime :
| Character | 妍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 五堅切 |
| Baxter | ngen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋen/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋien/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤe[r]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋeːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 妍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngen › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]ˁe[r]/ |
| English | beautiful |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6172 |
| Phonetic component | 幵 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 姸 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋeːn/ |

### Definitions

妍
* (literary) bright, colorful and beautiful

#### Usage notes

Besides compounds, this character is also frequently used in personal names now.

### Compounds

* 不辨妍媸
* 妍倡
* 妍唱
* 妍媚
* 妍媸
* 妍暖
* 妍皮痴骨
* 妍蒨
* 妍麗 / 妍丽
* 嫶妍
* 捧心妍
* 暄妍 (xuānyán)
* 桃李爭妍 / 桃李争妍
* 桃柳爭妍 / 桃柳争妍
* 爭奇鬥妍 / 争奇斗妍
* 爭妍 / 争妍 (zhēngyán)
* 爭妍獻媚 / 争妍献媚
* 爭妍鬥奇 / 争妍斗奇
* 爭妍鬥豔 / 争妍斗艳 (zhēngyándòuyàn)
* 百花爭妍 / 百花争妍 (bǎihuāzhēngyán)
* 盡態極妍 / 尽态极妍
* 纖妍 / 纤妍
* 豐妍 / 丰妍
* 鮮妍 / 鲜妍

### References

* “妍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* beauty, splendor

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)
* Kan-on: げん (gen)
* Kan’yō-on: けん (ken)
* Kun: うつくしい (utsukushii, 妍しい)

## Korean
### Hanja

Wikisource 妍 (eumhun 고울 염 (goul yeom))
* hanja form of 연 (“beautiful”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

妍: Hán Nôm readings: ngơn
* beautiful

#### References

* Nom Foundation