# oil
## English
### Alternative forms

* oyl (obsolete)

### Pronunciation

* enPR: oil, IPA: /ɔɪ(ə)l/, [ɔɪ(ə)ɫ]
* (Southern US) IPA: /ɔl̴/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (UK):(file)
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready. Particularly: "Southern US"
* Homophone: Oi'll
* Rhymes: -ɔɪl

### Etymology 1

From Middle English oyle, oile (“olive oil”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman olie, from Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”), from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). Compare Proto-Slavic *lojь. More at olive. Doublet of oleum. Supplanted Middle English ele (“oil”), from Old English ele (“oil”), also from Latin.

#### Noun

oil (countable and uncountable, plural oils)
* Liquid fat.
* Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant.
* Petroleum.
** 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices). It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber.
* (countable) An oil painting.
** 1973, John Ulric Nef, Search for meaning: the autobiography of a nonconformist, page 89:Yet, in another way, I was unable to put Picasso's oils in the same class as Cezanne's, or even (which will no doubt shock many readers) as Renoir's.
* (painting) Oil paint.
    I prefer to paint in oil
* (attributive) Containing oil, conveying oil; intended for or capable of containing oil.
    oil barrel; oil pipe
** 1884, Trade News, “A one-wheel Nantucket vehicle”, in The Automotive Manufacturer‎, page 372:Such a vehicle is made by taking any old barrel (usually an oil barrel, but the one selected for our sketch was one that once contained Valentine’s varnish) and through each head of the barrel an inch hole is bored, and an iron bar is driven through, leaving the ends projecting about eight inches.

##### Derived terms

* abrasin oil
* absinthe oil
* add oil
* almond oil
* avocado oil
* baby oil
* banana oil
* beard oil
* beech oil
* ben oil
* big oil
* bio-oil
* bone oil
* bronzing oil
* bunker oil
* burn the midnight oil
* butter oil
* cajuput oil
* Candy oil
* canola oil
* carap oil
* carrier oil
* Carron oil
* cast oil on troubled waters
* castor-oil
* castor oil
* castor oil plant
* chili oil
* citronella oil
* coal oil
* coconut oil
* cod-liver oil
* cod liver oil
* codliver oil
* colza oil
* concrete oil of wine
* cooking oil
* coquito oil
* corn oil
* cost oil
* cottonseed oil
* crab oil
* croton oil
* crude oil
* Danish oil
* dead oil
* dinkum oil
* dino oil
* dinosaur oil
* Dippel's oil
* drying oil
* earth oil
* engine oil
* essential oil
* ethiodized oil
* evening primrose oil
* fatty oil
* fish oil
* fixed oil
* flaxseed oil
* fog oil
* fork oil
* fossil oil
* fuel oil
* fusel oil
* gas oil
* gear oil
* good oil
* gorli oil
* grapeseed oil
* grass oil
* gutter oil
* hair oil
* haliver oil
* hash oil
* heating oil
* honey oil
* illuminating oil
* immersion oil
* infused oil
* joint oil
* juniper oil
* kekune oil
* kikuel oil
* Koeme oil
* lamp-oil
* light oil
* linseed oil
* lubricating oil
* macassar oil
* Malabar oil
* margosa oil
* midnight oil
* mineral oil
* mink oil
* mirbane oil
* motor oil
* mustard oil
* neck oil
* neem oil
* North Sea oil
* oil and water
* oil and water don't mix
* oil baron
* oil beetle
* oil bug
* oil burner
* oil burner route
* oil-burning
* oil cake
* oil-canning
* oil change
* oil company
* oil-digger
* oil-down
* oil down
* oil drum
* oil field
* oil-fired
* oil firing
* oil gas
* oil green
* oiligarchy
* oil lamp
* oil-lit
* oilman
* oil mill
* oil of brick
* oil of bricks
* oil of lemon eucalyptus
* oil of mirbane
* oil of myrbane
* oil of olives
* oil of palm
* oil of petre
* oil of spike
* oil of talc
* oil of turpentine
* oil of vitriol
* oil of wine
* oil of wintergreen
* oil opera
* oil paint
* oil painting
* oil palm
* oil pan
* oil patch
* oil-patch
* oil pipeline
* oil platform
* oil pull
* oil pulling
* oil radish
* oil rain lamp
* oil refinery
* oil refining
* oil reservoir
* oil-rich
* oil rig
* oil sand
* oil-seed camellia
* oil shale
* oilskin
* oil slick
* oilsmoke
* oil spill
* oil spot
* oil spotting
* oil stove
* oil swishing
* oil tanker
* oil terminal
* oil test
* oil trash
* oil tycoon
* oil up
* oil well
* oily
* oiticica oil
* old-oil
* oleo oil
* olive oil
* olive pomace oil
* ore-bulk-oil carrier
* palm kernel oil
* palm-oil
* palm oil
* paraffin oil
* peak oil
* peanut oil
* penetrating oil
* peppermint oil
* petre oil
* phulwara oil
* pine oil
* pinhoen oil
* poonga oil
* poppyseed oil
* pour oil on troubled waters
* preen oil
* process oil
* pulza oil
* rape oil
* rapeseed oil
* rind-oil spot
* rind oil spot
* rock oil
* roosa oil
* rose oil
* rubbing oil
* Russia oil
* salad-oil
* salad oil
* seed oil
* Seneca oil
* sesame oil
* shale oil
* shaving oil
* smooth as oil
* snake oil
* snake oil salesman
* solar oil
* soybean oil
* sperm oil
* sperm whale oil
* spike oil
* stomach oil
* stone oil
* storm oil
* strap oil
* strike oil
* sump oil
* sunflower oil
* suntan oil
* sweet oil
* take your oil
* tall oil
* teak oil
* tea oil
* tea oil camellia
* tea oil plant
* tea tree oil
* the squeaky wheel gets the oil
* tied oil
* tight oil
* toxic oil syndrome
* tractor vaporising oil
* train oil
* truffle oil
* tung oil
* tung oil tree
* valve oil
* vegetable oil
* virgin oil
* virgin olive oil
* whale oil
* wood-oil
* wood oil
* wool oil
* worm oil
* zdravets oil

##### Translations

Afrikaans: olie (af)
Akkadian: 𒉌𒄑 (šamnu, Ì.GIŠ)
Albanian: vaj (sq) m
Amharic: ዘይት (zäyt)
Apache:
Western Apache: ikʼah, tłád
Arabic: زَيْت (ar) m (zayt)
Egyptian Arabic: زيت m (zét)
Hijazi Arabic: زيت m (zēt)
Moroccan Arabic: زيت m (zīt)
Armenian: յուղ (hy) (yuġ), (vegetable oil) ձեթ (hy) (jetʻ)
Assamese: তেল (tel)
Asturian: aceite (ast) m
Azerbaijani: yağ (az)
Bashkir: май (may)
Basque: olio, koipe
Belarusian: але́й m (aljéj), ма́сла n (másla)
Bengali: তেল (bn) (tel)
Bhojpuri: तेल (tēl)
Bulgarian: о́лио (bg) n (ólio), масло́ (bg) n (masló), ма́сло (bg) n (máslo)
Burmese: ဆီ (my) (hci)
Catalan: oli (ca) m
Chechen: даьтта (dätta)
Cherokee: ᎪᎢ (goi)
Cheyenne: amėške
Chinese:
Cantonese: 油 (jau$^4$)
Dungan: ю (i͡u)
Hokkien: 油 (zh-min-nan) (iû)
Mandarin: 油 (zh) (yóu)
Wu: 油
Cornish: oyl m
Crimean Tatar: may, yağ
Czech: olej (cs) m
Danish: olie (da) c, madolie (da)
Dutch: olie (nl) f
Egyptian: (mrḥt)
Esperanto: oleo
Estonian: õli (et)
Faroese: olja f
Finnish: öljy (fi), ruokaöljy (fi)
Franco-Provençal: ôlyo m
French: huile (fr) f
Friulian: vueli m
Galician: aceite (gl) m
Ge'ez: ዘይት (zäyt)
Georgian: ზეთი (zeti)
German: Öl (de) n
Greek: λάδι (el) n (ládi), έλαιο (el) n (élaio)
Ancient: ἔλαιον n (élaion)
Mycenaean: 𐂕 (OLE)
Greenlandic: uulia
Gujarati: તેલ (gu) (tel)
Haitian Creole: lwil oliv
Hausa: mai
Hebrew: שֶׁמֶן (he) m (shémen)
Hindi: तेल (hi) m (tel)
Hungarian: olaj (hu)
Icelandic: olía (is) f
Ido: oleo (io)
Indonesian: minyak (id)
Ingrian: voi
Irish: ola (ga) f
Italian: olio (it) m
Japanese: 油 (ja) (あぶら, abura), (as a component) 油 (ja) (ゆ, yu)
Javanese: lenga (jv)
Jeju: 지름 (jireum)
Kannada: ಎಣ್ಣೆ (kn) (eṇṇe)
Kashubian: òléj m
Kazakh: май (mai)
Khmer: ខ្លាញ់ (km) (khlañ)
Kikuyu: maguta
Kongo: mafuta
Korean: 기름 (ko) (gireum), (as a component) 유(油) (ko) (yu)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ڕۆن (ron)
Northern Kurdish: don (ku) m
Kyrgyz: май (ky) (may)
Ladino: azeyte, azete
Lao: ນ້ຳມັນ (lo) (nam man), ມັນ (man)
Latin: oleum (la) n
Latvian: eļļa (lv) f
Lingala: mafúta
Lithuanian: aliejus
Lombard: oli (lmo) m
Low German: Ööl n
Lun Bawang: umau
Luxembourgish: Ueleg m
Macedonian: масло (mk) n (maslo), зејтин m (zejtin)
Malagasy: menaka (mg)
Malay: minyak (ms)
Malayalam: എണ്ണ (ml) (eṇṇa)
Maltese: żejt (mt) m
Manx: please add this translation if you can
Maori: hinu, noni
Marathi: तेल (tel)
Miyako: 油 (あっゔぁ, avva)
Mòcheno: eil n
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: тос (mn) (tos), масло (mn) (maslo)
Mongolian: ᠲᠣᠰᠤ (tosu), ᠮᠠᠰᠯᠣ (maslo)
Mwani: mafuta
Nepali: तेल (tel)
Niuean: lolo
Norman: hielle f, huile f
Northern Sami: please add this translation if you can
Norwegian:
Bokmål: matolje m or f, olje (no) m or f
Occitan: òli (oc) m
Odia: ତେଲ (or) (tela)
Okinawan: 油 (あんだ, anda)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: масло n (maslo)
Old East Slavic: масло n (maslo)
Old English: ele (ang) m
Old Javanese: lĕnga
Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰍 (yaɣ)
Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽲 (yaġ)
Oromo: zayita
Ottoman Turkish: یاغ (yağ), روغن (revgan, rugan)
Pannonian Rusyn: олєй m (oljej)
Pashto: غوړ (ps) f (ǧwaṛ), تېل (ps) f (tel)
Persian:
Dari: تیل (fa) (tēl)
Iranian Persian: رُوْغَن (rowğan)
Plautdietsch: Eelj f
Polish: olej (pl) m
Portuguese: óleo (pt) m
Punjabi: ਤੇਲ (pa) m (tel)
Romagnol: öli m
Romanian: ulei (ro)
Romansch: ieli m
Russian: ма́сло (ru) n (máslo)
Rwanda-Rundi: amavuta class 6
Sanskrit: तैल (sa) n (taila)
Scottish Gaelic: ola f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: у̑ље n, зѐјтӣн m
Roman: ȗlje (sh) n, zèjtīn (sh) m
Shan: ၼမ်ႉမၼ်း (shn) (nâ̰m mán)
Sicilian: ogghiu (scn) m
Sidamo: saitella
Sinhalese: තෙල් (tel)
Slovak: olej m
Slovene: olje (sl) n
Somali: saliid
Spanish: aceite (es) m, óleo (es) m
Swahili: mafuta (sw)
Swedish: matolja (sv) c, olja (sv) c
Tagalog: langis, mantika
Tajik: равған (tg) (ravġan)
Tamil: எண்ணெய் (ta) (eṇṇey)
Tarantino: uègghie m
Tat: ruğan
Tatar: май (tt) (may)
Telugu: నూనె (te) (nūne)
Tetum: mina
Thai: น้ำมัน (th) (nám-man), มัน (th) (man)
Tibetan: སྣུམ (snum), འབྲུ་མར ('bru mar) (grain oil)
Tigrinya: ዘይቲ (zäyti)
Tocharian B: ṣmare
Tongan: lolo
Turkish: yağ (tr)
Turkmen: ýag
Tyap: a̱myia̱ (kcg)
Ukrainian: олі́я (uk) f (olíja), ма́сло (uk) n (máslo)
Urdu: تیل m (tel)
Uyghur: ياغ (ug) (yagh)
Uzbek: yogʻ (uz)
Venetan: ojo m
Vietnamese: dầu (vi) (油 (vi))
Vilamovian: ȳł n
Welsh: olew (cy)
West Coast Bajau: enselan
West Frisian: oalje
White Hmong: tsoj
Yaeyama: please add this translation if you can
Yagnobi: руған (ruġan)
Yakut: арыы (arıı)
Yámana: kun
Yiddish: אייל m (eyl)
Yoruba: òróró
Zazaki: ron (diq) n, ruwen (diq) n, çewr (diq)
Zhuang: youz
Zulu: amafutha :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English oilen, oylen, from the noun (see above).

#### Verb

oil (third-person singular simple present oils, present participle oiling, simple past and past participle oiled)
* (transitive) To lubricate with oil.
** 1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, chapter 23, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:Before they went to see Glinda, however, they were taken to a room of the Castle, where Dorothy washed her face and combed her hair, and the Lion shook the dust out of his mane, and the Scarecrow patted himself into his best shape, and the Woodman polished his tin and oiled his joints.
** 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:The face which emerged was not reassuring. […]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.
* (transitive) To grease with oil for cooking.
* (transitive) To fuel with oil.
* To say in an unctuous manner.
** 1984 December 22, Michael Bronski, “Women Act Out on Film”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 23, page 10:"Do you need a drink?" oils Robert Ryan to the disinterested Stanwyck in Clash By Night; "Let's say that's what I need," she sneers back.

##### Derived terms

* reoil
* self-oiling
* squeaky wheels get oiled
* unoil

##### Translations

Azerbaijani: yağlamaq (az)
Basque: urindatu, urineztatu, koipeztatu, labainarazi, lubrifikatu
Bulgarian: смазвам (bg) (smazvam)
Czech: naolejovat (cs)
Dalmatian: engrassur
Danish: smøre
Dutch: oliën (nl), smeren (nl)
Egyptian: (gs)
Esperanto: olei
Finnish: öljytä (fi)
French: huiler (fr)
Georgian: დაზეთვა (dazetva)
German: ölen (de), einölen (de)
Greek: λαδώνω (el) (ladóno) (a gun); λιπαίνω (el) (lipaíno) (machinery)
Hebrew: שימן (shimén)
Hungarian: olajoz (hu), beolajoz (hu), megolajoz (hu)
Italian: oliare (it), oleare
Japanese: 油を塗る (あぶらをぬる, abura o nuru)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: چەورکردن (çewirkirdin)
Latin: lūbricō
Latvian: eļļot (lv), ieeļļot
Macedonian: подмачкува (podmačkuva), намачкува (namačkuva)
Marathi: तेल लावणे (tel lāvṇe)
Mongolian: тослох (mn) (toslox)
Norwegian: olje (no)
Ottoman Turkish: یاغلامق (yağlamak)
Polish: oliwić (pl) impf, naoliwić (pl) pf, naoliwiać impf
Portuguese: olear (pt)
Russian: сма́зывать (ru) (smázyvatʹ), сма́зать (ru) (smázatʹ)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: подмазати
Roman: podmazati (sh)
Sicilian: lubbrificari
Slovene: naoljiti
Spanish: aceitar (es)
Swedish: olja (sv), smörja (sv)
Telugu: నూనె దీపము (te) (nūne dīpamu)
Turkish: yağlamak (tr)
Zazaki: ron kerden :

### Anagrams

* ILO, LOI, Loi, Oli

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛlʲ/, /ɪlʲ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish ail, oil (“disgrace, reproach”).

#### Noun

oil f (genitive singular oile)
* (literary) disgrace, reproach; act of reproaching
* (literary) blemish, defect

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
nominative
oil
vocative
a oil
genitive
oile
dative
oil
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative
an oil
genitive
na hoile
dative
leis an oil don oil :

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish ailid, oilid (“nourishes, rears, fosters”) (compare altram (“fosterage”), from a verbal noun of ailid).

#### Verb

oil (present analytic oileann, future analytic oilfidh, verbal noun oiliúint, past participle oilte)
* (transitive) nourish, rear, foster
    Proverb: Gach dalta mar a oiltear. ― Every fosterling as it is reared.
* (transitive) train, educate
    lámh oilte ― practised hand

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint |
| past participle | oilte | oilte | oilte | oilte | oilte | oilte | oilte | oilte |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | oilim | oileann tú; oilir$^†$ | oileann sé, sí | oilimid | oileann sibh | oileann siad; oilid$^†$ | a oileann; a oileas / a n-oileann* | oiltear |
| past | d'oil mé; d'oileas / oil mé‡; oileas‡ | d'oil tú; d'oilis / oil tú; oilis‡ | d'oil sé, sí / oil sé, sí‡ | d'oileamar; d'oil muid / oileamar; oil muid‡ | d'oil sibh; d'oileabhair / oil sibh; oileabhair‡ | d'oil siad; d'oileadar / oil siad; oileadar‡ | a d'oil / ar oil* | oileadh; hoileadh$^†$ |
| past habitual | d'oilinn / oilinn‡; n-oilinn‡‡ | d'oilteá / oilteá‡; n-oilteá‡‡ | d'oileadh sé, sí / oileadh sé, sí‡; n-oileadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'oilimis; d'oileadh muid / oilimis; oileadh muid‡; n-oilimis‡‡; n-oileadh muid‡‡ | d'oileadh sibh / oileadh sibh‡; n-oileadh sibh‡‡ | d'oilidís; d'oileadh siad / oilidís; oileadh siad‡; n-oilidís‡‡; n-oileadh siad‡‡ | a d'oileadh / a n-oileadh* | d'oiltí / oiltí‡; n-oiltí‡‡ |
| future | oilfidh mé; oilfead | oilfidh tú; oilfir$^†$ | oilfidh sé, sí | oilfimid; oilfidh muid | oilfidh sibh | oilfidh siad; oilfid$^†$ | a oilfidh; a oilfeas / a n-oilfidh* | oilfear |
| conditional | d'oilfinn / oilfinn‡; n-oilfinn‡‡ | d'oilfeá / oilfeá‡; n-oilfeá‡‡ | d'oilfeadh sé, sí / oilfeadh sé, sí‡; n-oilfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'oilfimis; d'oilfeadh muid / oilfimis‡; oilfeadh muid‡; n-oilfimis‡‡; n-oilfeadh muid‡‡ | d'oilfeadh sibh / oilfeadh sibh‡; n-oilfeadh sibh‡‡ | d'oilfidís; d'oilfeadh siad / oilfidís‡; oilfeadh siad‡; n-oilfidís‡‡; n-oilfeadh siad‡‡ | a d'oilfeadh / a n-oilfeadh* | d'oilfí / oilfí‡; n-oilfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go n-oile mé; go n-oilead$^†$ | go n-oile tú; go n-oilir$^†$ | go n-oile sé, sí | go n-oilimid; go n-oile muid | go n-oile sibh | go n-oile siad; go n-oilid$^†$ | — | go n-oiltear |
| past | dá n-oilinn | dá n-oilteá | dá n-oileadh sé, sí | dá n-oilimis; dá n-oileadh muid | dá n-oileadh sibh | dá n-oilidís; dá n-oileadh siad | — | dá n-oiltí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | oilim | oil | oileadh sé, sí | oilimis | oiligí; oilidh$^†$ | oilidís | — | oiltear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

##### Derived terms

* ailiúnas

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

oil f (genitive singular oileach, nominative plural oileacha)
* Alternative form of ail (“stone, rock”)

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
oil
oileacha
vocative
a oil
a oileacha
genitive
oileach
oileacha
dative
oil
oileacha
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an oil
na hoileacha
genitive
na hoileach
na n-oileacha
dative
leis an oil don oil
leis na hoileacha :

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

oil (present analytic oileann, future analytic oilfidh, verbal noun oiliúint, past participle oilte)
* (intransitive) Alternative form of oir (“suit, fit, become”)

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint | oiliúint |
| past participle | oilte | oilte | oilte | oilte | oilte | oilte | oilte | oilte |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | oilim | oileann tú; oilir$^†$ | oileann sé, sí | oilimid | oileann sibh | oileann siad; oilid$^†$ | a oileann; a oileas / a n-oileann* | oiltear |
| past | d'oil mé; d'oileas / oil mé‡; oileas‡ | d'oil tú; d'oilis / oil tú; oilis‡ | d'oil sé, sí / oil sé, sí‡ | d'oileamar; d'oil muid / oileamar; oil muid‡ | d'oil sibh; d'oileabhair / oil sibh; oileabhair‡ | d'oil siad; d'oileadar / oil siad; oileadar‡ | a d'oil / ar oil* | oileadh; hoileadh$^†$ |
| past habitual | d'oilinn / oilinn‡; n-oilinn‡‡ | d'oilteá / oilteá‡; n-oilteá‡‡ | d'oileadh sé, sí / oileadh sé, sí‡; n-oileadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'oilimis; d'oileadh muid / oilimis; oileadh muid‡; n-oilimis‡‡; n-oileadh muid‡‡ | d'oileadh sibh / oileadh sibh‡; n-oileadh sibh‡‡ | d'oilidís; d'oileadh siad / oilidís; oileadh siad‡; n-oilidís‡‡; n-oileadh siad‡‡ | a d'oileadh / a n-oileadh* | d'oiltí / oiltí‡; n-oiltí‡‡ |
| future | oilfidh mé; oilfead | oilfidh tú; oilfir$^†$ | oilfidh sé, sí | oilfimid; oilfidh muid | oilfidh sibh | oilfidh siad; oilfid$^†$ | a oilfidh; a oilfeas / a n-oilfidh* | oilfear |
| conditional | d'oilfinn / oilfinn‡; n-oilfinn‡‡ | d'oilfeá / oilfeá‡; n-oilfeá‡‡ | d'oilfeadh sé, sí / oilfeadh sé, sí‡; n-oilfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'oilfimis; d'oilfeadh muid / oilfimis‡; oilfeadh muid‡; n-oilfimis‡‡; n-oilfeadh muid‡‡ | d'oilfeadh sibh / oilfeadh sibh‡; n-oilfeadh sibh‡‡ | d'oilfidís; d'oilfeadh siad / oilfidís‡; oilfeadh siad‡; n-oilfidís‡‡; n-oilfeadh siad‡‡ | a d'oilfeadh / a n-oilfeadh* | d'oilfí / oilfí‡; n-oilfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go n-oile mé; go n-oilead$^†$ | go n-oile tú; go n-oilir$^†$ | go n-oile sé, sí | go n-oilimid; go n-oile muid | go n-oile sibh | go n-oile siad; go n-oilid$^†$ | — | go n-oiltear |
| past | dá n-oilinn | dá n-oilteá | dá n-oileadh sé, sí | dá n-oilimis; dá n-oileadh muid | dá n-oileadh sibh | dá n-oilidís; dá n-oileadh siad | — | dá n-oiltí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | oilim | oil | oileadh sé, sí | oilimis | oiligí; oilidh$^†$ | oilidís | — | oiltear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 89
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ail (‘disgrace, reproach’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ailid (‘nourish, foster’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “oil”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Middle English
### Noun

oil
* Alternative form of oyle

## Old French
### Etymology 1

From o +‎ il, possibly from:
* Vulgar Latin *hoc ille, from Latin hoc + ille (“this [is what] he [said]”), akin to o je, o tu, o nos, o vos, all ‘this’ constructed with other personal pronouns;
* hoc illud (“this is it, lit. this that”).
In any case, an elliptical phrase of response, by semantic erosion/grammaticalization possibly calqued on Gaulish: compare Portuguese and Spanish isso and eso (“yes, yeah”, literally “this”), Celtic languages such as Old Irish tó (“yes”), Welsh do (“indeed”), from *tod (“this, that”).
Compare with Old French o, ou, oc, ec, euc, uoc, Old Occitan oc (Occitan òc), all from the simple Latin hoc.

#### Alternative forms

* oïl (almost always used by scholars to disambiguate with other meanings)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uˈil/

#### Adverb

oil
* yes

#### Interjection

oil
* yes
** c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:"Oïl, mout m'an sovient il bien. Seneschaus, savez vos an rien?Yes, I remember it well Seneschal, do you know anything about it?

#### Descendants

* French: oui, voui, ouais
** Haitian Creole: wi
** → English: oui
** Maori: Wīwī (“France”)
* Norman: oui (Guernsey)

#### References

* ↑ Languages Within Language, by Ivan Fonagy, page 66
* ↑ “oui”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
* ↑ Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé at atilf.fr; select “OÏL”
* ↑ Peter Schrijver, Studies in the History of Celtic Pronouns and Particles, Maynooth, 1997, 15.

### Etymology 2

See ueil.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔ(i̯)ʎ/

#### Noun

oil oblique singular, m (oblique plural ouz or oilz, nominative singular ouz or oilz, nominative plural oil)
* Alternative form of ueil
** 1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “De tous Faucons [On all falcons]” (chapter 150), Book 5, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini‎, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 203:La sisisme ligne est sourpoins. Cist est molt grans, et resemble aigle blanche, mais des oilz et des eles et dou bec est il semblables au girfautThe sixth kind [of falcon] is the saker. It is very large, and resembles the white eagle; but in the eyes, and in the wings, and in the beak, it is similar to the gyrfalcon

## Simeulue
### Noun

oil
* water
* sap

### References

* Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary