# vis
## English
### Etymology 1

From Latin vīs.

#### Noun

vis (plural vires)
* Force; energy; might; power.

##### Derived terms

* vis absoluta
* vis activa
* vis a tergo
* vis comica
* vis compulsiva
* vis impressa
* vis inertiae
* vis major
* vis medicatrix naturae
* vis mortua
* vis motrix
* vis passiva
* vis vitae
* vis vitalis
* vis viva

##### Related terms

* vim
* virial

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

vis
* Abbreviation of viscount.

### Etymology 3

From Tamil வீசை (vīcai) and/or Telugu వీసె (vīse).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɪs/
* Rhymes: -ɪs

#### Noun

vis (plural visses)
* Alternative spelling of viss

### Etymology 4
#### Alternative forms

* viz

#### Adjective

vis (not comparable)
* Clipping of visual.

#### Verb

vis (third-person singular simple present vises, present participle vising, simple past and past participle vised)
* Clipping of visualize.

#### Noun

vis (plural vises)
* Clipping of visualization.
* Clipping of visual.
* Clipping of visibility.

##### Derived terms

* hi-vis
* pre-vis

### Anagrams

* ISV, IVs, SIV

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch vis, from Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fəs/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

vis (plural visse, diminutive vissie)
* fish (aquatic organism)
** 1998, Trompies (lyrics and music), “Kom Push”, in Shosholoza:Ons gaan die vis vang(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (collective) fish (multiple fish collectively)

### Related terms

* visser

## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *uitśi-(ā), from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”). Cognate to Sanskrit विश् (víś, “settlement, community, tribe”), Ancient Greek οἰκία (oikía, “house”), Latin vicus (“village”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [vis]

### Noun

vis m (plural vise, definite visi, definite plural viset)
* place
* land
* country

#### Derived terms

* visele

### References

* ↑ Albanische Etymologien (Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz), Bardhyl Demiraj, Leiden Studies in Indo-European 7; Amsterdam - Atlanta 1997.p . 419.
* ↑ Vladimir, Orel. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the albanian language

### Further reading

* “vis”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɪs]
* Rhymes: -ɪs
* Homophone: viz

### Verb

vis
* second-person singular imperative of viset

### Anagrams

* vsi

## Dalmatian
### Etymology

From Latin vādō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /βis/

### Verb

vis
* (first-person singular indicative present) of zer

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse vís (in ǫðru vís(i) "otherwise"), from Proto-Germanic *wīsō, *wīsǭ (“manner”). Cognate with Norwegian vis, Swedish vis, English wise, Dutch wijze and German Weise. Another variant of the same word is Danish vise (“song”), Swedish visa, from Old Norse vísa.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʋiːˀs]
* Rhymes: -iːˀs

#### Noun

vis c
* manner, way
    Altså må jeg finde æblerne på anden vis.In conclusion, I must find the apples some other way.

##### Derived terms

* -vis

#### References

“vis,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz (“wise”). Cognates include Norwegian vis, Swedish vis, English wise, and German weise.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʋiˀs]
* Rhymes: -iːˀs

#### Adjective

vis
* wise

##### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

#### References

“vis,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Etymology 3

From Old Norse viss, from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz, cognate with Norwegian viss, Swedish viss, German gewiss.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʋes]
* Rhymes: -es

#### Adjective

vis (neuter vist, plural and definite singular attributive visse)
* sure, certain
    den visse dødcertain death
* certain, a
    En vis Hr. Broholm vil tale med Dem.A mr. Broholm wishes to speak with you.

#### References

“vis,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʋiˀs]
* Rhymes: -iːˀs

#### Verb

vis
* imperative of vise

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vɪs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: vis
* Rhymes: -ɪs

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.

#### Noun

vis m (plural vissen, diminutive visje n)
* (countable) fish (aquatic organism)
* (uncountable) fish (quantity of the above seen as catch, product, meat)

##### Alternative forms

* visch (before 1934)

##### Derived terms

* aasvis
* anemoonvis
* aprilvis
* bakvis
* beenvis
* boter bij de vis
* brakwatervis
* bruinvis
* clownvis
* egelvis
* goudvis
* inktvis
* klipvis
* kogelvis
* kookvis
* kraakbeenvis
* lintvis
* lipvis
* longvis
* mossel noch vis
* platvis
* potvis
* riviervis
* roofvis
* schelvis
* schorpioenvis
* slijmvis
* steenvis
* stokvis
* vijlvis
* vinvis
* visarend
* visbestand
* visdief
* visgraat
* visolie
* vispopulatie
* visrijk
* vissaus
* vissen
* vissenrijk
* vissoep
* visstand
* vissterfte
* visstick
* visvangst
* visvervanger
* visvijver
* visvork
* vlees noch vis
* vliegende vis
* walvis
* witvis
* zeevis
* zoetwatervis
* zoutwatervis
* zwaardvis

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: vis
* Berbice Creole Dutch: fesi
* Jersey Dutch: väśe
* Negerhollands: visch, vesch, fes, fis, vis
** → Virgin Islands Creole: fis (dated)
* Skepi Creole Dutch: fesi, fisse, fiche
* Petjo: fis
* →? Aukan: fisi

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

vis
* inflection of vissen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

## French
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French viz, from Latin vītis f (“vine”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vis/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: vice, vices, visse, vissent, visses

#### Noun

vis f (plural vis)
* screw (metal fastener)

##### Derived terms

* dévisser
* serrer la vis
* tournevis
* visser

##### Descendants

* → Catalan: vis
* → Dutch: vijs f
* → Vietnamese: vít

### Etymology 2

See vivre.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vi/
* Homophones: vie, vies, vit, vît

#### Verb

vis
* inflection of vivre:
** first/second-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular present imperative

### Etymology 3

See voir.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vi/
* Homophones: vie, vies, vit, vît

#### Verb

vis
* first/second-person singular past historic of voir

### Further reading

* “vis”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### See also

* vis-à-vis

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈu̯iːs/, [ˈu̯iːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈvis/, [ˈvis]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *wīs, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s (“force, vehemence”), from *weyh₁- (“to rush”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “strength”), Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, “enjoyment, vigor, youth, age”). See also via, invītus, invītō, Ancient Greek οἶμος (oîmos).

#### Noun

vīs f (genitive vīs); irregular, third declension
* force, power, strength, vigor, faculty, potency
    Synonyms: rōbur, ops, vehementia
** Sit vīs tēcum.May the Force be with you.
* (in the plural) strength, might (physical)
    omnibus vīribus ― with all his strength; with all her might; with all their force
* violence, assault
    Synonyms: aggressiō, impressiō, assultus, invāsiō, concursus, impetus, appetītus, occursiō, oppugnātiō, incursus, incursiō, petītiō, ictus, procella
** the Wikipedia page Martin Luther on Catholic church reform
    Nōn vī, sed verbō.Not through violence, but the word.
    ad vim atque ad arma confugere ― appeal to violence and fighting
* (figuratively) meaning, significance, nature, essence and value of a word
* (figuratively) assault, affront
* (figuratively) quantity, flood
* (New Latin, physics) energy, force

##### Usage notes

* The genitive and dative singular are not in common use (with exceptional attestations being analogical) and substituted with forms of rōbur (rōboris, rōborī).
* The plural forms of this noun are often treated as a separate plurale tantum noun, with a distinct meaning of physical force. An analogical nominative/accusative vīs is occasionally found, beginning with Lucretius.

##### Declension

Third-declension noun (irregular, defective).

##### Derived terms

* vindex
* violēns/ violentus
* violō

##### Descendants

* → English: vis, vim

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁si, second-person singular present of *wéyh₁ti. This particular form is suppletive, in contrast to the other forms of volō, which derive from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. (Proto-Italic *wels became a separate word (vel (“or, and/or”), to be specific) in Latin.)

#### Verb

vīs
* second-person singular present active indicative of volō

##### Usage notes

The verb nōlle originally had the form nēvīs for the second person singular present indicative active. However, that form was rendered obsolete along with nēvolt and nōltis, rendering it defective; for the second person singular in particular, vīs is used instead with the particle nōn.

##### Derived terms

* quantusvīs
* sī vīs
* quīvīs

### References

* ↑ Weiss, Michael L. (2009) Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin‎, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, § III, pages 255-6
* “vis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “vis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "vis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* vis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. there is a storm at sea: mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur straight on: rectā (viā) to wish any one a prosperous journey: aliquem proficiscentem votis ominibusque prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...) to be robust, vigorous: bonis esse viribus as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro viribus or pro mea parte to burst into a flood of tears: lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...) to lay hands on oneself: manus, vim sibi afferre to perform the last offices of affection: supremis officiis aliquem prosequi (vid sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...) to have considerable influence on a question: magnam vim habere ad aliquid to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunae favore or prospero flatu fortunae uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...) to wish prosperity to an undertaking: aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...) to honour, show respect for, a person: aliquem honore afficere, augere, ornare, prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...) to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omnibus viribusor nervis contendere, ut to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omni ope atque opera or omni virium contentione eniti, ut to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut there seems a prospect of armed violence; things look like violence: res spectat ad vim (arma) to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of a thing: exprimere aliquid verbis or oratione (vid. sect. VI. 3, note adumbrare...) to possess presence of mind: praesenti animo uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...) to behave with cruelty: crudelitate uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...) to use insulting expressions to any one: contumeliosis vocibus prosequi aliquem (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...) to use violence against some one: vim adhibere, facere alicui to do violence to a person: vim inferre alicui to kill with violence: vim et manus afferre alicui (Catil. 1. 8. 21) to meet force by force: vim vi depellere to meet force by force: vi vim illatam defendere to vote (in the popular assembly): suffragium ferre (vid. sect. VI. 4, note Not sententiam...) to accuse a person of violence, poisoning: accusare aliquem de vi, de veneficiis to procure a very large supply of corn: frumenti vim maximam comparare by force of arms: vi et armis to force a way, a passage: iter tentare per vim (cf. sect. II. 3) to have recourse to force of arms: ad vim et arma descendere (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly...) to fight hand-to-hand, at close quarters: collatis signis (viribus) pugnare (ambiguous) the frost set in so severely that..: tanta vis frigoris insecuta est, ut (ambiguous) bodily strength: vires corporis or merely vires (ambiguous) to gain strength: vires colligere (ambiguous) to lose strength: vires aliquem deficiunt (ambiguous) as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt (ambiguous) to become old and feeble: vires consenescunt (ambiguous) vivid, lively imagination: ingenii vis or celeritas (ambiguous) what do you mean to do: quid tibi vis? (ambiguous) oratorical power: vis dicendi (ambiguous) what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quae est vis huius verbi? (ambiguous) the fundamental meaning of a word: vis et notio verbi, vocabuli (ambiguous) enthusiasm: ardor, inflammatio animi, incitatio mentis, mentis vis incitatior
* “vis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “vis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* “vis”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
* Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag
* Dizionario Latino, Olivetti

### Further reading

* Vis medicatrix naturae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Latvian
### Particle

vis (invariable)
* Used to strengthen denying of the verb
    nav vis ― not at all
    es neiešu vis ― I shall not go

### Adverb

vis
* very, most (synonym of word pats)

## Middle French
### Alternative forms

* viz

### Etymology

From Old French vis.

### Noun

vis m (plural vis)
* face

#### Descendants

* French: vis

## Norman
### Verb

vis
* first-person singular preterite of vaie

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse víss.

#### Adjective

vis (neuter singular vist, definite singular and plural vise, comparative visere, indefinite superlative visest, definite superlative viseste)
* wise

##### Derived terms

* visdom

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

vis
* imperative of vise

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋiːs/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz. Akin to English wise.

#### Adjective

vis (neuter vist, definite singular and plural vise, comparative visare, indefinite superlative visast, definite superlative visaste)
* wise
    Han er ein vis mann.He is a wise man.

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse vís, from Proto-Germanic *wīsō. Akin to English wise.

#### Noun

vis f or m or n (definite singular visen or visa or viset, indefinite plural visar or viser or vis, definite plural visane or visene or visa)
* a way, manner
    Synonym: måte
    Dette har vore gjort på ulike vis.This has been done in different ways.
    Her gjer med det på dette viset.We do it in this manner here.

##### Usage notes

* The by far most common gender in use is neuter.

##### Inflection

* Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard.
* Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier.
* Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen.
* $^1$Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. $^2$Form was allowed for schoolchildren as of 1910.

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

vis
* imperative of visa

### References

* “vis” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* siv, svi

## Old French
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin vīsus m.

#### Noun

vis oblique singular, m (oblique plural vis, nominative singular vis, nominative plural vis)
* (anatomy) face
    Synonyms: visage m, face f
* opinion

##### Descendants

* ⇒ French: visage m, avis m

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

vis
* inflection of vif (“alive”):
** oblique plural
** nominative singular

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin vitis f (“vine”).

#### Noun

vis oblique singular, f (oblique plural viz, nominative singular viz, nominative plural vis)
* screw

##### Descendants

* French: vis f
** → Catalan: vis
** → Dutch: vijs f
** → Vietnamese: vít
* → Irish: bís, vís
* → Middle English: vis, vys
** English: vise, vice (British English)
*** → Japanese: バイス

### Further reading

* Etymology 1: “vis-à-vis”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Piedmontese
### Etymology

From Latin vītis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vis/

### Noun

vis f (plural vis)
* vine

## Polabian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvis/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *vьśь.

### Pronoun

vis m
* all

### Alternative forms

* vės

#### Declension

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

### Noun

vis f
* axis

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* Lehr-Spławiński, Tadeusz (1994) Słownik etymołogiczny języka drzewian połabskich. Zeszyt 6. (in Polish), Warszawa: Energia, pages 991-992.

## Portuguese
### Adjective

vis
* masculine/feminine plural of vil

## Romanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin vīsum.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

vis n (plural visuri or vise)
* dream; vision

#### Related terms

* visa
* vedea

#### See also

* вис (vis) (Moldavian spelling)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vysь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋîːs/

### Noun

vȋs m (Cyrillic spelling ви̑с)
* (expressively, in the literature) height
    dići u vis ― to raise, elevate
    skok u vis ― high jump
* summit (of a hill)

#### Declension
### References

* “vis”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /viːs/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”).

### Adjective

vis (comparative visare, superlative visast)
* wise
    en vis mana wise man
    gammal och visold and wise

#### Usage notes

"De tre vise männen (“the three wise men”)" uses an archaic weak masculine plural form vise.

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Derived terms

* visdom

#### See also

* klok

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse vís, from Proto-Germanic *wīsą. Cognate with Old English wise, archaic English wise.

### Noun

vis n
* (usually with på) a way (manner in which something is done or happens)
    Near-synonym: sätt
    Det fungerade inte, så vi får göra på något annat visIt didn't work, so we'll have to do it some other way
    Hon gör det på sitt eget lilla visShe does it in her own little way
    Det ska inte gå att göra mål på det visetIt should be impossible to score like that [in that way]
    disco på finskt visdisco the Finnish way
    ... på så vis att ...... in such wise that ... [archaic English – "... in such a way that ..."]

#### Derived terms

* på så vis
* på sätt och vis

#### See also

* sätt
* -vis

### References

* vis in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* vis in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* vis in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* Siv

## Zealandic
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.

### Noun

vis m (plural [please provide])
* fish