# 露

| 露 | U+9732, &#38706; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9732 |
| ← 霱 [U+9731] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 霳 → [U+9733] |
| 露 | U+F938, &#63800; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F938 |
| ← 路 [U+F937] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 魯 → [U+F939] |

## Translingual
### Han character

露 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+12, 21 strokes, cangjie input 一月口一口 (MBRMR), four-corner 1016$_4$, composition ⿱⻗路)

#### Derived characters

* 虂 𭍆 𤅟 𤫢 𥸐

#### See also

* 霧

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1378, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42463
* Dae Jaweon: page 1887, character 38
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4078, character 6
* Unihan data for U+9732
* Unihan data for U+F938

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 露 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡs): semantic 雨 + phonetic 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs).

### Etymology 1

Possibly a derivative of 落 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007) with exopassivising suffix *-s, literally, "what has been dropped".

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): lù (lu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nu$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лў (lw, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lou$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lu$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): lu$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lu$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lou$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): sū
* Eastern Min (BUC): ló
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lou$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$lu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lù
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lù
*** Wade–Giles: lu$^4$
*** Yale: lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
*** Palladius: лу (lu)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: nu$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lu
*** Sinological IPA : /nu²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лў (lw, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lou$^6$
*** Yale: louh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lou̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lu³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: lu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lu¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lu
*** Hakka Romanization System: lu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /lu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /lu⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ləu⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sū
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ló
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ou²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lō͘
*** Tâi-lô: lōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lɔ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lɔ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lou$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lōu
*** Sinological IPA : /lou¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$lu
*** MiniDict: lu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$lu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lu²³/
* Middle Chinese: luH
Rime :
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 洛故切 |
| Baxter | luH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /luo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /luo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lo$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lo$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /luo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*p.rˤak-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lu$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*p.rˁak-s/ |
| English | dew; disclose |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3860 |
| Phonetic component | 各 |
| Rime group | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 路 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raːɡs/ |

#### Definitions

露
* dew
* (Northern Min) fog; mist
* (literary, or in compounds) fruity beverage; syrup; nectar; juice
* (literary, or in compounds) cosmetic products made by distilling flowers, fruit or leaves
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (dew):
* 露水
* 露水珠 (lùshuǐzhū)
* 露水珠兒 / 露水珠儿
* 露水珠子
* 露珠 (lùzhū)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 露, 露水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 露水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 露水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 露水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 露水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 露水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 露水, 露 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 露水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 露水, 露 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 露水, 露 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 露水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 露水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 露水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 露水, 露 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 露水, 露 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 露 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 露濕 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 露水, 露 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 露濕 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 露水 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 露水兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 露水, 露 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 露水 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 露水 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 露水, 露 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 露水, 露 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 露水, 露 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 露水, 露 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 露水, 露 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 露水, 露 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 露水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 露水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 露水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 露水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 露水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 露水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 露水, 露, 露泊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 露水, 露 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 露水, 露 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 露水, 露 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 露水, 露 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 露水, 露 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 露水, 露 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 露 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 露水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 露水, 露 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 露水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 露水, 露 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 露水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 露水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 露水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 露水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 露水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 露水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 露水, 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 露水 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 露霧 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 霧水 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 露水 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 露水 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 露水 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 露水 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 露水 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 露水 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 露水 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 露水 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 露水 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 露水, 露 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 露水 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 露水 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 露水 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 露水, 露 |
| Jin | Datong | 露水 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 露水 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 露水 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 露水 |
| Jin | Linhe | 露水, 露 |
| Jin | Jining | 露水 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 露水, 露 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 露水 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 露水 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 露水 |
| Jin | Handan | 露水 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 露水 |
| Jin | Suide | 露水 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 露水 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 露, 露水 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 露水 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 露水 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 麻露 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 毛露 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 毛露, 毛露水 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 霧水 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 霧露水 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 露水 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 露水 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 露水 |
| Wu | Danyang | 露水, 味水 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 露水 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 露水 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 露水 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 露水 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 露水 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 露水 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 露水 |
* (fog):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 霧, 霧氣, 霧靄 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 霧, 霧氣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 霧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 霧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 霧 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 霧 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 霧, 霧露 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 霧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 霧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 霧, 霧氣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 霧, 霧氣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 霧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pizhou | 霧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lianyungang (Ganyu) | 霧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Donghai | 霧 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 霧 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 霧, 霧氣 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 霧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 霧, 霧罩, 霧氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 霧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 霧罩, 雲霧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 霧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 霧, 霧水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Baoying | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zhenjiang | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an (Huaiyin) | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xuyi | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rugao | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yancheng | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Funing | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Sihong | 霧 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 落霧 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 霧, 大頭霧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 霧, 霧水 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 霞霧 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 霧 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 霧露 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 霧 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 濛, 霧 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 霧露, 霧 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 霧, 濛沙, 濛霧 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 濛沙 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 霧 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 霧, 濛霧 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 濛霞 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 濛露 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 霧 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 濛沙 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 沙霧 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 露 |
| Hakka | Changting | 濛沙 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 濛沙 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 濛沙 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 濛沙 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 露 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 霧露 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 濛沙 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 濛 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 濛露 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 濛沙煙 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 濛沙煙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 濛煙 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 濛沙煙, 濛煙 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 濛沙煙, 濛煙 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 濛 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 霧 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 霧 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 霧 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 霧 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 露 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 雺 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 霧, 雺 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 雺霧 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 霧, 雺 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 霧 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 霧 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 霧 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 霧 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 罩子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 霧, 霧露, 迷霧 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 迷露 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 迷露 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 迷露 |
| Wu | Changshu | 迷露 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 迷露 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 迷霧 |
| Wu | Danyang | 霧 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Gaochun) | 霧 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 霧露 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 霧露 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 幔, 幔露 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 霧 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 霧露 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 霧, 罩子, 罩 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 霧, 罩子 thick |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 霧, 霧罩, 霧罩子 |

### Etymology 2

Karlgren (1957) considers this to be the same word as etymology 1, yet Schuessler (2007) thinks this may be a separate etymon, comparing it to Jingpho [script needed] (kra$^{31}$, “to appear, to show”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lòu, lù (lou$^4$, lu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄡˋ, ㄌㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lou$^6$ / lau$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lu
* Eastern Min (BUC): ló
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lou$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$lu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lòu
*** Wade–Giles: lou$^4$
*** Yale: lòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: low
*** Palladius: лоу (lou)
*** Sinological IPA : /loʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lù
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lù
*** Wade–Giles: lu$^4$
*** Yale: lù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
*** Palladius: лу (lu)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu⁵¹/
* lòu - vernacular;
* lù - literary.
* Middle Chinese: luH
Rime :
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 洛故切 |
| Baxter | luH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /luo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /luo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lo$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lo$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /luo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*p.rˤak-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lu$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*p.rˁak-s/ |
| English | dew; disclose |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3860 |
| Phonetic component | 各 |
| Rime group | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 路 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raːɡs/ |

#### Definitions

露
* to be in the open; bare; open; exposed
* (colloquial) to show; to reveal; to expose

##### Synonyms

* (to show): 顯出／显出 (xiǎnchū)

### Compounds

* 不露
* 不露圭角
* 不露神色
* 不露聲色 / 不露声色 (bùlùshēngsè)
* 不露身手
* 不露鋒芒 / 不露锋芒
* 不露風聲 / 不露风声
* 不露馬腳 / 不露马脚
* 人生朝露
* 仙露明珠
* 冒霜撥露 / 冒霜拨露
* 冒露安身
* 凶相畢露
* 出乖露醜 / 出乖露丑
* 出頭露角 / 出头露角
* 出頭露面 / 出头露面
* 初露鋒芒 / 初露锋芒
* 初露頭角 / 初露头角
* 勃露斯
* 半吐半露
* 危若朝露
* 原形畢露 / 原形毕露 (yuánxíngbìlù)
* 吐露 (tǔlù)
* 吐露心腹
* 呈露 (chénglù)
* 吸風飲露 / 吸风饮露 (xīfēngyǐnlù)
* 單露 / 单露
* 坦露
* 垂露
* 塵露 / 尘露
* 多露
* 孤露
* 官星透露
* 寒露 (Hánlù)
* 展露 (zhǎnlù)
* 嶄露 / 崭露 (zhǎnlù)
* 嶄露鋒芒 / 崭露锋芒
* 嶄露頭角 / 崭露头角 (zhǎnlùtóujiǎo)
* 形跡敗露 / 形迹败露
* 彰露
* 恩露
* 惡露 / 恶露 (èlù, “lochia”)
* 懸針垂露 / 悬针垂露
* 承露
* 拋屍露骨 / 抛尸露骨
* 披霜冒露
* 披露 (pīlù)
* 披露肝膽 / 披露肝胆
* 拋頭露面 / 抛头露面 (pāotóulùmiàn)
* 掣襟露肘
* 掀露
* 揚己露才 / 扬己露才
* 揭露 (jiēlù)
* 搭克露
* 擺露 / 摆露
* 攢露 / 攒露
* 敗露 / 败露 (bàilù)
* 春秋繁露
* 春露秋霜
* 春風雨露 / 春风雨露
* 暴露 (bàolù, pùlù)
* 暴露狂 (bàolùkuáng)
* 曝露 (pùlù)
* 服氣吞露 / 服气吞露
* 服露餐霞
* 朝露 (zhāolù)
* 果子露 (guǒzilù)
* 松露 (sōnglù)
* 楓丹白露 / 枫丹白露 (Fēngdānbáilù)
* 沐浴露 (mùyùlù)
* 泄露 (xièlù)
* 流露 (liúlù)
* 洩露 / 泄露 (xièlù)
* 浮雲朝露 / 浮云朝露
* 淚盤如露 / 泪盘如露
* 深藏不露 (shēncángbùlòu, shēncángbùlù)
* 淺露 / 浅露
* 湛露
* 演繁露
* 漏露
* 煙霏露結 / 烟霏露结
* 蒸露
* 玉露 (yùlù)
* 珠露茶
* 甘露 (gānlù)
* 甘露之變 / 甘露之变
* 甘露子
* 甘露水漿 / 甘露水浆
* 甘露法雨
* 甘露滋心
* 發露 / 发露
* 白露 (báilù)
* 盡情吐露 / 尽情吐露
* 真情流露
* 祕而不露 / 秘而不露
* 窘態畢露 / 窘态毕露
* 紅露酒 / 红露酒
* 繁露
* 羸露
* 聖露西亞 / 圣露西亚 (Shènglùxīyà)
* 聲跡彰露 / 声迹彰露
* 脫帽露頂 / 脱帽露顶
* 膏露
* 花露 (huālù)
* 花露水 (huālùshuǐ)
* 草行露宿
* 草頭露 / 草头露
* 蒙霧露 / 蒙雾露
* 蓽露藍蔞 / 荜露蓝蒌 (bìlùlánlǚ)
* 薔薇露 / 蔷薇露
* 薤露
* 藏頭露尾 / 藏头露尾 (cángtóulùwěi)
* 行露
* 表露 (biǎolù)
* 袒胸露背 (tǎnxiōnglùbèi)
* 袒露 (tǎnlù)
* 裸露 (luǒlù)
* 覆露
* 調露 / 调露
* 謀泄事露
* 赤身露體 / 赤身露体 (chìshēnlùtǐ)
* 赤露 (chìlù)
* 透露 (tòulù)
* 過露 / 过露
* 醜態畢露 / 丑态毕露
* 金露花
* 金風玉露 / 金风玉露
* 鋒芒畢露 / 锋芒毕露 (fēngmángbìlù)
* 錢不露白 / 钱不露白
* 雌牙露嘴
* 雨露 (yǔlù)
* 雨露之恩
* 霜露之思
* 露一手 (lòu yīshǒu)
* 露一鼻子
* 露井
* 露兜樹 / 露兜树
* 露出 (lùchū)
* 露出破綻 / 露出破绽
* 露出馬腳 / 露出马脚 (lòuchū mǎjiǎo)
* 露原形
* 露口風 / 露口风
* 露地
* 露堂
* 露天 (lùtiān)
* 露天劇場 / 露天剧场
* 露天礦 / 露天矿
* 露天電影 / 露天电影
* 露宿 (lùsù)
* 露宿風餐 / 露宿风餐 (lùsùfēngcān)
* 露富
* 露封
* 露尾巴
* 露尾藏頭 / 露尾藏头
* 露布
* 露底 (lòudǐ)
* 露形
* 露怯 (lòuqiè)
* 露才揚己 / 露才扬己
* 露板
* 露柱
* 露水
* 露水交道
* 露水夫妻
* 露水姻緣 / 露水姻缘
* 露水珠兒 / 露水珠儿
* 露營 / 露营 (lùyíng)
* 露珠 (lùzhū)
* 露申
* 露白 (lòubái)
* 露盤兒 / 露盘儿
* 露相 (lòuxiàng)
* 露眼
* 露空
* 露脊鯨 / 露脊鲸 (lùjǐjīng)
* 露臉 / 露脸 (lòuliǎn)
* 露膽披肝 / 露胆披肝
* 露臺 / 露台 (lùtái)
* 露臺弟子 / 露台弟子
* 露苗 (lòumiáo)
* 露草
* 露華 / 露华 (lùhuá)
* 露葵
* 露袒
* 露覆
* 露車 / 露车
* 露鋒 / 露锋 (lùfēng)
* 露鋒芒 / 露锋芒
* 露電 / 露电
* 露面
* 露面拋頭 / 露面抛头
* 露章
* 露頭 / 露头
* 露頭角 / 露头角
* 露風 / 露风 (lòufēng)
* 露風聲 / 露风声
* 露餡兒 / 露馅儿 (lòuxiànr)
* 露馬腳 / 露马脚 (lòumǎjiǎo)
* 露骨 (lùgǔ)
* 露體 / 露体 (lùtǐ)
* 露點 / 露点
* 顯露 / 显露 (xiǎnlù)
* 顯露原形 / 显露原形
* 顯露頭角 / 显露头角
* 風燭草露 / 风烛草露
* 風雲月露 / 风云月露
* 風飧露宿 / 风飧露宿
* 風餐露宿 / 风餐露宿 (fēngcānlùsù)
* 飲露餐風 / 饮露餐风
* 飲風餐露 / 饮风餐露
* 餐風吸露 / 餐风吸露
* 餐風宿露 / 餐风宿露 (cānfēngsùlù)
* 餐風露宿 / 餐风露宿
* 餐風飲露 / 餐风饮露
* 鶴林玉露 / 鹤林玉露
* 鼻偃齒露 / 鼻偃齿露

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* dew (つゆ)
* bare, uncovered (あらわ)
* Russia

#### Readings

* Go-on: る (ru)
* Kan-on: ろ (ro, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kun: つゆ (tsuyu, 露, Jōyō)、あらわす (arawasu, 露す)、あらわれる (arawareru, 露れる)
* Nanori: あきら (akira)

#### Compounds

* 披(ひ)露(ろう) (hirō)
* 露(ロ)西(シ)亜(ア) (Roshia)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 露
* つゆ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
⟨tuyu⟩ → /t͡suju/
From Old Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つゆ [tsúꜜyù] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) つゆ [tsùyúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [t͡sɨjɯ̟]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

露(つゆ) • (tsuyu)
* dew, dewdrop
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 30:
    露　三禮義宗云：「白露八月節、寒露九月節。」音路。白虎通云：「甘露美露也。降則物無不美盛矣。」［和名：豆由］Dew - according to Mitsumata no Yoshimune: the hakuro is a solar term in the eighth lunar month, the kanro the ninth. The syllable has the same sound as 路 (ro). The Bai Hu Tong reads: amrita (sweet dew) is a beautiful dew. After descending, there are none that are not beautiful or abundant. (Japanese name: tsuyu)
* (by extension) a drop or drops of something
* transience
* (historical) the threads of the sleeve ends of 狩衣 (kariginu), 水干 (suikan), etc.
* tears
* a gratuity, tip
* (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 豆板銀 (mameitagin) a lump of silver used as currency in the Edo period

##### Derived terms

* 汁(つゆ), 液(つゆ) (tsuyu, “soup; sauce”)
* 露払(つゆはら)い (tsuyu-harai)
* 朝(あさ)露(つゆ) (asatsuyu)
* 雨(あめ)露(つゆ) (ametsuyu)
* 下(した)露(つゆ) (shitatsuyu)
* 白(しら)露(つゆ) (shiratsuyu)
* 夜(よ)露(つゆ) (yotsuyu)

#### Adverb

露(つゆ) • (tsuyu)
* not one bit
* a few, a little

##### Derived terms

* 露(つゆ)程(ほど)も (tsuyuhodo mo)
* 露(つゆ)知(し)らず (tsuyu shirazu)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 露
* あらわ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 顕
⟨arapa⟩ → /araɸa/ → /arawa/
From Old Japanese.
Cognate with prefix 粗 (ara-, “crude, raw”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あらわ [áꜜràwà] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) あらわ [àráwá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ɾa̠β̞a̠]
* Audio:(file)

#### Adjective

露(あらわ) • (arawa) -na (adnominal 露(あらわ)な (arawa na), adverbial 露(あらわ)に (arawa ni))
* naked, bare
    不(ふ)満(まん)をあらわにする
       fuman o arawa ni suru
       to expose/lay bare one's discontent
* blatant, frank, open
* made public
* obvious

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 露だろ | あらわだろ | arawa daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 露で | あらわで | arawa de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 露だ | あらわだ | arawa da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 露な | あらわな | arawa na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 露なら | あらわなら | arawa nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 露であれ | あらわであれ | arawa de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 露ではない 露じゃない | あらわではない あらわじゃない | arawa de wa nai arawa ja nai |
| Informal past | 露だった | あらわだった | arawa datta |
| Informal negative past | 露ではなかった 露じゃなかった | あらわではなかった あらわじゃなかった | arawa de wa nakatta arawa ja nakatta |
| Formal | 露です | あらわです | arawa desu |
| Formal negative | 露ではありません 露じゃありません | あらわではありません あらわじゃありません | arawa de wa arimasen arawa ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 露でした | あらわでした | arawa deshita |
| Formal negative past | 露ではありませんでした 露じゃありませんでした | あらわではありませんでした あらわじゃありませんでした | arawa de wa arimasen deshita arawa ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 露で | あらわで | arawa de |
| Conditional | 露なら（ば） | あらわなら（ば） | arawa nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 露だったら | あらわだったら | arawa dattara |
| Volitional | 露だろう | あらわだろう | arawa darō |
| Adverbial | 露に | あらわに | arawa ni |
| Degree | 露さ | あらわさ | arawasa |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 露なら | あらはなら | arafanara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 露に$^{[1]}$ 露なり$^{[2]}$ | あらはに あらはなり | arafani arafanari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 露なり | あらはなり | arafanari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 露なる | あらはなる | arafanaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 露なれ | あらはなれ | arafanare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 露なれ | あらはなれ | arafanare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 露ならず | あらはならず | arafanarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 露なれど | あらはなれど | arafanaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 露なれば | あらはなれば | arafanareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 露ならば | あらはならば | arafanaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 露なりき | あらはなりき | arafanariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 露なりけり | あらはなりけり | arafanarikeri |
| Adverbial | 露に | あらはに | arafani |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

##### Derived terms

* 表(あらわ)す (arawasu)
* 現(あらわ)れる (arawareru)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 露
* ろ Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 露 (MC luH).

#### “Russia”

Short-form of ateji (当て字) spelling 露西亜.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ろ [róꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɾo̞]
* Audio:(file)

#### Affix

露(ろ) • (ro)
* dew, waterdrop
* transience
* appear, expose
* open; in the open

##### Derived terms

* 露(ろ)営(えい) (roei)
* 露(ろ)岩(がん) (rogan)
* 露(ろ)見(けん), 露(ろ)顕(けん) (roken)
* 露(ろ)骨(こつ) (rokotsu)
* 露(ろ)地(じ) (roji)
* 露(ろ)場(じょう) (rojō)
* 露(ろ)出(しゅつ) (roshutsu)
* 露(ろ)呈(てい) (rotei)
* 露(ろ)天(てん) (roten)
* 露(ろ)店(てん) (roten)
* 露(ろ)仏(ぶつ) (robutsu)
* 露(ろ)命(めい) (romei)
* 雨(う)露(ろ) (uro)
* 悪(お)露(ろ) (oro)
* 甘(かん)露(ろ) (kanro)
* 寒(かん)露(ろ) (kanro)
* 玉(ぎょく)露(ろ) (gyokuro)
* 結(けつ)露(ろ) (ketsuro)
* 顕(けん)露(ろ) (kenro)
* 松露(しょうろ) (shōro)
* 草(そう)露(ろ) (sōro)
* 霜(そう)露(ろ) (sōro)
* 朝(ちょう)露(ろ) (chōro)
* 吐(と)露(ろ) (toro)
* 白(はく)露(ろ) (hakuro)
* 暴(ばく)露(ろ), 曝(ばく)露(ろ) (bakuro)
* 発(はつ)露(ろ) (hatsuro)
* 発(ほつ)露(ろ) (hotsuro)
* 流(りゅう)露(ろ) (ryūro)

#### Proper noun

露(ろ) • (ro)
* Short for ロシア (Roshia): Russia, Russian
    米(べい)露(ろ)関(かん)係(けい)
       Bei-Ro kankei
       US-Russia relations

##### Derived terms

* 欧(おう)露(ろ) (Ōro)
* 日(にち)露(ろ) (Nichi-Ro)
* 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro)
* 露(ろ)語(ご) (rogo)
* 露(ろ)文(ぶん) (robun)
* 露(ろ)里(り) (rori)
* 露(ろ)和(わ) (Ro-Wa)
* 和(わ)露(ろ) (Wa-Ro)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 露 (MC luH). Recorded as Middle Korean 로〯 (lwǒ) (Yale: lwǒ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾo̞] ~ [no̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [로/노]

### Hanja

Wikisource 露 (eumhun 이슬 로 (iseul ro), word-initial (South Korea) 이슬 노 (iseul no))
* hanja form of 로/노 (“dew”)
* hanja form of 로/노 (“open; to reveal; to appear”)
* hanja form of 로/노 (“Alternative form referring to Russia (in compounds, in news media)”)

#### Compounds

* 백로 (白露, baengno)
* 노출 (露出, nochul)
* 폭로 (暴露, pongno)
* 토로 (吐露, toro)
* 노천 (露天, nocheon)
* 노적 (露積, nojeok)
* 노골 (露骨, nogol)
* 노숙 (露宿, nosuk)
* 노점 (露店, nojeom)
* 피로연 (披露宴, piroyeon)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): る (ru)、るー (rū)
* Kun: ちゆ (chiyu, 露)

#### Compounds

* 寒(かん)露(る) (kanru)
* 白(はく)露(る) (hakuru), 白(ふぁく)露(る) (fakuru)
* 披露(ふぃるー) (firū)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 露
* ちゆ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Cognate with Japanese 露 (tsuyu).

### Pronunciation

* (Shuri-Naha) ちゆ [chìyú] (Heiban - [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕiju]

### Noun

露(ちゆ) (chiyu)
* a dew, dewdrop

#### Derived terms

* 夜(ゆ)露(ちゆ) (yuchiyu)

### References

* ↑ “チユ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).$^{(permanentdeadlink)}$

## Old Japanese
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *tuyu.

#### Noun

露 (tuyu) (kana つゆ)
* a dew, dewdrop
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4318:, text here
    安伎能野爾都由於弊流波疑乎多乎良受弖安多良佐可里乎須具之弖牟登香aki$_1$ no$_2$ no$_1$ ni tuyu ope$_1$ru pagi$_2$ wo taworazute atara sakawi wo sugusitemu$_2$ to ka(please add an English translation of this usage example)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 露 (tsuyu)

### Etymology 2

Cognate with prefix 粗 (ara-, “crude, raw”).

#### Adjective

露 (arapa) (kana あらは)
* naked, bare
** 720, Nihon Shoki, Age of the gods, part 2:顯露、此云阿羅播弐。齋庭、此云踰弐波。Bare, read as arapa ni (modern arawa ni); holy ground, read as yunipa (modern yuniwa)

##### Derived terms

* 表す (arapasu)
* 現る (araparu)
* 現ろ (araparo$_1$, Eastern Old Japanese form of araparu)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 露, 顕 (arawa)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

露: Hán Nôm readings: lộ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.