# 柏

| 柏 | U+67CF, &#26575; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67CF |
| ← 柎 [U+67CE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 某 → [U+67D0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

柏 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹日 (DHA), four-corner 4690$_0$, composition ⿰木白)

#### Derived characters

* 湐, 𫢾, 𬝌

#### Related characters

* 栢 (Variant form of 柏)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 518, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14617
* Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1185, character 3
* Unihan data for U+67CF

## Chinese

* 柏科 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 柏 (Cantonese)
* Pak-su (Hakka)
* 柏科 (Wu)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 怕 | *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ |
| 帕 | *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd |
| 粕 | *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 胉 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 泊 | *baːɡ |
| 箔 | *baːɡ |
| 魄 | *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 皕 | *prɯɡ |
| 伯 | *praːɡ |
| 百 | *praːɡ |
| 迫 | *praːɡ |
| 敀 | *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 柏 | *praːɡ |
| 湐 | *praːɡ |
| 拍 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 珀 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 皛 | *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ |
| 洦 | *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ |
| 白 | *braːɡ |
| 帛 | *braːɡ |
| 舶 | *braːɡ |
| 鮊 | *braːɡ |
| 陌 | *mbraːɡ |
| 帞 | *mbraːɡ |
| 袹 | *mbraːɡ |
| 蛨 | *mbraːɡ |
| 貊 | *mbraːɡ |
| 佰 | *mbraːɡ |
| 銆 | *mbraːɡ |
| 碧 | *praɡ, *preɡ |
| 咟 | *ɦmreːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praːɡ): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎi, bó (bai$^3$, bo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ, ㄅㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): paak$^3$ / baak$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pak
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bag$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): bák
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ba$^5$ / beh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): peh / peeh / pek / piak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$paq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, colloquial, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎi
*** Wade–Giles: pai$^3$
*** Yale: bǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bae
*** Palladius: бай (baj)
*** Sinological IPA : /paɪ̯²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, literary, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bó
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bó
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$
*** Yale: bwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Mainland:
** bó - standard only in foreign names, e.g. 柏林, 柏拉圖／柏拉图;
** bǎi - used for other senses.
* Middle Chinese: paek
Rime :
| Character | 柏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 博陌切 |
| Baxter | paek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pˠæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pᵚak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pɐk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤrak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*praːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 柏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bǎi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pæk › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁrak/ |
| English | cypress |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 柏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 197 |
| Phonetic component | 白 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 伯 |
| Old Chinese | /*praːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

柏
* cypress
* Alternative form of 伯
* Alternative form of 迫
* (～國) Bai, Bo (an ancient state in modern Henan)
* (～市) Kashiwa City, a city in Japan
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 側柏 / 侧柏 (cèbǎi)
* 刺柏 (cìbǎi)
* 卷柏
* 扁柏 (biǎnbó)
* 朱柏廬 / 朱柏庐
* 松柏 (sōngbǎi)
* 松柏之堅 / 松柏之坚
* 松柏之壽 / 松柏之寿
* 松柏之茂
* 松柏園 / 松柏园
* 松柏後凋 / 松柏后凋
* 東柏林 / 东柏林 (Dōng-Bólín)
* 松柏節操 / 松柏节操
* 松柏長青 / 松柏长青
* 柏京其
* 柏克
* 柏克萊 / 柏克莱
* 柏卡里
* 柏原 (Bǎiyuán)
* 柏吉烏斯 / 柏吉乌斯
* 柏塞麥 / 柏塞麦
* 柏子
* 柏府
* 柏拉圖 / 柏拉图 (Bólātú)
* 柏木 (bǎimù)
* 柏木油
* 柏林
* 柏林劇團 / 柏林剧团
* 柏林圍牆 / 柏林围墙 (Bólín Wéiqiáng)
* 柏林大學 / 柏林大学
* 柏林影展
* 柏林會議 / 柏林会议
* 柏林樂派 / 柏林乐派
* 柏柏人
* 柏格曼
* 柏格森
* 柏梁臺
* 柏梁詩
* 柏梁體
* 柏楊 / 柏杨 (Bǎiyáng)
* 柏樹 / 柏树 (bǎishù)
* 柏油 (bǎiyóu)
* 柏油紙 / 柏油纸
* 柏油路 (bǎiyóulù)
* 柏濩
* 柏翳
* 柏臺 / 柏台
* 柏臺烏府 / 柏台乌府
* 柏舟
* 柏舟之痛
* 柏舟之節 / 柏舟之节
* 柏舟之誓
* 柏舟操
* 柏鄉縣 / 柏乡县
* 柏酒
* 柏金
* 柏青哥
* 柏頓 / 柏顿
* 柏高
* 桂宮柏寢 / 桂宫柏寝
* 檉柏 / 柽柏
* 檜柏 / 桧柏
* 歲寒松柏 / 岁寒松柏
* 玉柏
* 石刁柏 (shídiāobǎi)
* 精忠柏
* 羅漢柏 / 罗汉柏
* 西柏林 (Xī-Bólín)
* 赫柏定律
* 都柏林 (Dūbólín)
* 餐松啖柏
* 餐松食柏
* 龍柏 / 龙柏

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bò, bó (bo$^4$, bo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˋ, ㄅㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baak$^3$ / paak$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pak
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bò
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bò
*** Wade–Giles: po$^4$
*** Yale: bwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boh
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bó
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bó
*** Wade–Giles: po$^2$
*** Yale: bwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
*** Palladius: бо (bo)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baak$^3$ / paak$^3$
*** Yale: baak / paak
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baak$^8$ / paak$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bag$^3$ / pag$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːk̚³/, /pʰaːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak
*** Hakka Romanization System: bag$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bag$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /pak̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bêh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: peh
*** Sinological IPA : /peʔ²/

#### Definitions

柏
* Alternative form of 檗, used in 黃柏／黄柏 (huángbò).

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01907
* “柏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* oak
* (rare) Japanese nutmeg yew, kaya, Torreya nucifera

#### Readings

* Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)
* Kan-on: はく (haku)
* Kun: かしわ (kashiwa, 柏)、このてがしわ (konotegashiwa, 柏)、かえ (kae, 柏)、かや (kaya, 柏)
* Nanori: かい (kai)、かし (kashi)

#### Compounds

* 柏槙(びゃくしん) (byakushin)
* 黄柏(おうはく) (ōhaku)
* 巻柏(けんぱく) (kenpaku)
* 香柏(こうはく) (kōhaku)
* 松柏(しょうはく) (shōhaku)
* 側柏(そくはく) (sokuhaku)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 柏
* かしわ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 槲 檞

#### Noun

柏(かしわ) or 柏(カシワ) • (kashiwa)
* daimyo oak, Quercus dentata
    Synonym: 葉柏 (hagashiwa)

##### Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カシワ.

##### Derived terms

* 柏木(かしわぎ) (kashiwagi)
* 柏崎(かしわざき) (Kashiwazaki)
* 柏手(かしわで) (kashiwade)
* 柏鶏(かしわどり) (kashiwadori)
* 柏(かしわ　)の窪手(　くぼて) (kashiwa no kubote)
* 柏夾(かしわばさみ) (kashiwabasami)
* 柏原(かしわら) (Kashiwara)
* 柏餅(かしわもち) (kashiwa mochi)
* 赤柏(あかがしわ) (akagashiwa)
* 赤目柏(アカメガシワ) (akamegashiwa)
* 岩柏(いわかしわ) (iwakashiwa)
* 御柏(おかしわ) (okashiwa)
* 樟(クス)の葉柏(ハガシワ) (kusunohagashiwa)
* 児(コ)の手柏(デガシワ) (konodegashiwa)
* 蔓柏(ツルガシワ) (tsurugashiwa)
* 波間柏(ナミマガシワ) (namimagashiwa)
* 楢柏(ナラガシワ) (naragashiwa)
* 葉柏(はがしわ) (hagashiwa)
* 朴柏(ほおがしわ) (hōgashiwa)
* 三柏(ミツガシワ) (mitsugashiwa)
* 御綱柏(みつながしわ) (mitsunagashiwa)
* 三角柏(みつのかしわ) (mitsunokashiwa)
* 本柏(もとがしわ) (motogashiwa)

#### Proper noun

柏(かしわ) • (Kashiwa)
* Kashiwa (a city in Chiba prefecture, Japan)
* a female given name

## Korean
### Hanja

柏 • (baek) (hangeul 백)
* Used in the names of certain trees

## Vietnamese
### Han character

柏: Hán Nôm readings: bách, bá
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation