# Liaoning
## English
### Alternative forms

* Liao-ning, Liao Ning (dated)

### Etymology

c. 1929 From Wade–Giles romanization and/or Postal Romanization, from Mandarin 遼寧 / 辽宁 (Liáoníng, literally “Tranquil Liao”); later reinforced by Hanyu Pinyin, from the name of the main river of the area. The name was restored to the area in 1954 upon the merging of the Liaoxi (“West Liao”) and Liaodong (“East Liao”) provinces.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: lyouʹnǐngʹ

### Proper noun

Liaoning
* A province in northeastern China. Capital: Shenyang.
** 1929 March 9 [1929 February 27], “From the Chinese Press”, in The China Weekly Review‎, volume XLVIII, number 2, →OCLC, page 79, column 1:Name of Fengtien province changed to Liaoning.
** 1931, Wu Lien-teh, editor, Manchurian Plague Prevention Service Reports 1929-1930‎, volume VII, pages 208–209:The course of the Yalu river traverses a track of country ranging from 124 20' to 128 40' E. Long. and from 39 50' to 42 15, N. Lat., the course of its main stream affording a boundary line on the south-western side of Changpai Mountain (長白山), dividing the southern parts of Liaoning Province from the Korean provinces Kankyo Nando (咸鏡南道) and Hsian Hokudo (平安北道).
** 1933, Register of the Department of State‎, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, page 64:Mukden, Liaoning, Manchuria [consular district] All of the Province of Liaoning (Fengtien) except the leased territory of Kwantung; and all that part of the Province of Kirin lying to the south of the parallel of 44° north latitude, including the following places in Kirin which are open to trade: Changchun (Kwanchengtze), Hunchun, Kirin, Lungchingtsun, Towtaokow, Wangching (Paitsaokow), and Yenki (Chützuchieh).
** 1971, Alan P. L. Liu, Communications and National Integration in Communist China‎, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 32:At Lin-hsi in Jehol, Sha-kang in Hsin-min Hsien, Liaoning, and Ang-ang-hsi in Heilungchiang, cultural deposits were found in a black earth layer which lies beneath a yellowish, sandy layer in a black earth layer, making the transition from the semiarid loess stage of teh terminal Pleistocene to the semiarid condition of the present day, probably represents an ancient forest cover.
** 1972, “TIENTSIN (T'IEN-CHING)”, in Encyclopedia Britannica‎, volume 21, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1140, columns 1, 2:By the 1960s Tientsin was the leading chemical manufacturing centre of China, and had become the third ranking industrial region, behind only Shanghai and the central Liaoning province region of southern Manchuria.
** 1976 May 30, L. Chen, “Hua Kuo-feng's grip on farmers”, in Free China Weekly‎, volume XVII, number 21, Taipei, page 3:Indications that the Maoists are tightening their grip on farmers came in a May 7 People's Daily report from a commune at Changwu of Liaoning province.
** 2017 December 12, Hyung-jin Kim, “AP Exclusive: Sold NKorean brides face hard choices in China”, in AP News‎, archived from the original on 12 October 2022‎:After living in a village in China’s northeastern Liaoning province for 2 1/2 years, Kim Jungah could no longer bear the possibility of her daughter seeing her dragged away by Chinese authorities.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Liaoning.

#### Synonyms

* (historical) Fengtien, Fengtian
* (historical) Liaoxi & Liaodong
* (historical) Liaoyang

#### Derived terms

* Liaoning bronze dagger culture

#### Translations
### See also

Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China in English (layout · text) :
* Provinces: Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan (claimed) · Yunnan · Zhejiang
* Autonomous regions: Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang
* Municipalities: Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing
* Special administrative regions: Hong Kong · Macau

### Anagrams

* anoiling