# 教育
## Chinese

* 教育 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 教育 (Cantonese)
* kau-yuk (Hakka)
* gáu-ṳ̆k (Eastern Min)
* kàu-io̍k (Southern Min)
* 教育 (Wu)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “is it from Japanese?”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàoyù
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄩˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaau$^3$ juk$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gau$^1$ yuuk$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kau-yuk
    (Hailu, HRS): gau$^ˇ$ rhug$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gau$^4$ yug$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gáu-ṳ̆k
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gao$^4$ oeh$^7$ / gao$^4$ yeh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kàu-io̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ga$^3$ iog$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ciau-yoq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàoyù → jiàoyu (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄩˋ → ㄐㄧㄠˋ ˙ㄩ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàoyů
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^4$-yü$^5$
*** Yale: jyàu-yu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaw.yuh
*** Palladius: цзяоюй (czjaojuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/ → /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ y¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$教育 教諭 / 教谕
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaau$^3$ juk$^6$
*** Yale: gaau yuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaau$^3$ juk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gao$^3$ yug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːu̯³³ jʊk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gau$^1$ yuuk$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kau³³ jɵk̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kau-yuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: gau iug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gau$^4$ yug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau̯⁵⁵ i̯uk̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kau-yuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: gau (r)iug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gau$^4$ yug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau̯⁵⁵ (j)i̯uk̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gau$^ˇ$ rhug$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau¹¹ ʒuk²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gau$^4$ yug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iʊk̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gáu-ṳ̆k
*** Sinological IPA : /kau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ yʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gao$^4$ oeh$^7$ [Phonetic: gao$^1$ oeh$^7$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̍u-e̤̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /kau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ œʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gao$^4$ yeh$^7$ [Phonetic: gao$^1$ yeh$^7$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yøʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàu-io̍k
*** Tâi-lô: kàu-io̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kao'iok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kau²¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau²¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kau¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ga$^3$ iog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kà io̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /ka²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iok̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ciau-yoq
*** MiniDict: ciau$^去$ yoh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jiau-hhioq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɔ³³ ɦioʔ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kaewH yuwk
Rime :
| Character | 教 | 育 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 古孝切 | 余六切 |
| Baxter | kaewH | yuwk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠau$^H$/ | /jɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚau$^H$/ | /jiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kau$^H$/ | /iuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨw$^H$/ | /juwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kau$^H$/ | /iuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kau$^H$/ | /jĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kau$^H$/ | /i̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiào | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaau$^3$ | juk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.kˤraw-s m-quk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraːws luɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 教 | 育 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiào | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kæw$^H$ › | ‹ yuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.kˁraw-s/ | /*m-quk/ |
| English | teaching; instruction | breed, produce |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 教 | 育 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14643 | 15984 |
| Phonetic component | 爻 | 育 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敎 | 育 |
| Old Chinese | /*kraːws/ | /*luɡ/ |
| Notes | | 說文肉聲非，實毓右隸變 |

### Noun

教育
* education; instruction; schooling
    成人教育 ― chéngrén jiàoyù ― adult education
    教育功能 ― jiàoyù gōngnéng ― educational function
    教育史 ― jiàoyù shǐ ― history of education
    接受教育 ― jiēshòu jiàoyù ― to receive education
    終身教育／终身教育 ― zhōngshēn jiàoyù ― lifelong education
    道德教育 ― dàodé jiàoyù ― moral instruction
    免費教育／免费教育 ― miǎnfèi jiàoyù ― free education
    教育取向 ― jiàoyù qǔxiàng ― educational orientation
    綠色教育／绿色教育 ― lǜsè jiàoyù ― education with a focus on environmental protection
    人均受教育年限 ― rénjūn shòu jiàoyù niánxiàn ― average duration of schooling
       yī ge shòuguò liánghǎo jiàoyù de rén [Pinyin]
       a well-educated person
       Pǔjí kēxué yǔ mínzhǔ, gēnzi zài jiàoyù. [Pinyin]
       Education is at the root of the popularization of science and democracy.
       Zhīshí bù yīdìng wánquán láizì yú xuéxiào de jiàoyù, shèhuì yě shì ge dàxué ma. [Pinyin]
       Knowledge does not come from schooling alone. Society is a kind of university.

#### Synonyms

* (figurative) 弦歌 (xiángē)

### Verb

教育
* to educate; to enlighten; to inculcate
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Dé tiānxià yīngcái ér jiàoyù zhī, sānyuè yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 傳授 / 传授 (chuánshòu)
* 傳教 / 传教 (chuánjiāo)
* 指授 (zhǐshòu) (literary)
* 教導 / 教导 (jiàodǎo)
* 教授 (jiāoshòu)
* 教練 / 教练 (jiàoliàn)
* 教習 / 教习 (jiàoxí) (literary)
* 教訓 / 教训 (jiàoxùn)
* 教誨 / 教诲 (jiàohuì) (formal)
* 教識 / 教识 (gaau$^3$ sik$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 施教 (shījiào) (literary)
* 訓 / 训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 訓誨 / 训诲 (xùnhuì) (literary, chiefly of superiors to subordinates, or old to young)
* 講授 / 讲授 (jiǎngshòu)

### Derived terms

* 中等教育 (zhōngděng jiàoyù)
* 兒童早期教育 / 儿童早期教育 (értóng zǎoqī jiàoyù)
* 公民教育 (gōngmín jiàoyù)
* 再教育 (zàijiàoyù)
* 國民教育 / 国民教育 (guómín jiàoyù)
* 基礎教育 / 基础教育 (jīchǔ jiàoyù)
* 學前教育 / 学前教育 (xuéqián jiàoyù)
* 家庭教育 (jiātíng jiàoyù)
* 平民教育 (píngmín jiàoyù)
* 幼兒教育 / 幼儿教育 (yòu'ér jiàoyù)
* 性教育 (xìngjiàoyù)
* 應試教育 / 应试教育 (yìngshì jiàoyù)
* 成人教育 (chéngrén jiàoyù)
* 投教 (tóujiào)
* 教育家 (jiàoyùjiā)
* 教育會 / 教育会 (jiàoyùhuì)
* 教育機構 / 教育机构 (jiàoyù jīgòu)
* 教育界 (jiàoyùjiè)
* 教育社會學 / 教育社会学 (jiàoyù shèhuìxué)
* 教育部 (jiàoyùbù)
* 普通教育 (pǔtōng jiàoyù)
* 特殊教育 (tèshū jiàoyù)
* 素質教育 / 素质教育 (sùzhì jiàoyù)
* 網絡教育 / 网络教育 (wǎngluò jiàoyù)
* 繼續教育 / 继续教育 (jìxù jiàoyù)
* 義務教育 / 义务教育 (yìwù jiàoyù)
* 育樂 / 育乐 (yùlè)
* 衛教 / 卫教 (wèijiào)
* 遠程教育 / 远程教育 (yuǎnchéng jiàoyù)
* 遙距教育 / 遥距教育 (yáojù jiàoyù)
* 高等教育 (gāoděng jiàoyù)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 教(きょう)育(いく) (kyōiku)
* → Korean: 교육(敎育) (gyoyuk)
* → Vietnamese: giáo dục (教育)
Others:
* → Zhuang: gyauyuz

### Related terms

* 開導／开导 (kāidǎo)
* 訓導／训导 (xùndǎo)
* 涵養／涵养 (hányǎng)
* 教養／教养 (jiàoyǎng)
* 培養／培养 (péiyǎng)
* 修養／修养 (xiūyǎng)

### References

* “教育”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 教 | 育 |
| きょう Grade: 2 | いく Grade: 3 |
| goon | on'yomi |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きょーいく [kyòóíkú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kʲo̞ːikɯ̟]

### Noun

教(きょう)育(いく) • (kyōiku)
* education

#### Hypernyms

* 三大義務(さんだいぎむ) (san-dai-gimu)

#### Derived terms

* 教(きょう)育(いく)漢(かん)字(じ) (kyōiku kanji)
* 教(きょう)育(いく)学(がく) (kyōikugaku)
* 再(さい)教(きょう)育(いく) (saikyōiku)
* 性(せい)教(きょう)育(いく) (seikyōiku)
* 大(だい)学(がく)教(きょう)育(いく) (daigakukyōiku)

### Verb

教(きょう)育(いく)する • (kyōiku suru) transitive suru (stem 教(きょう)育(いく)し (kyōiku shi), past 教(きょう)育(いく)した (kyōiku shita))
* to educate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 教育し | きょういくし | kyōiku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 教育し | きょういくし | kyōiku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 教育する | きょういくする | kyōiku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 教育する | きょういくする | kyōiku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 教育すれ | きょういくすれ | kyōiku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 教育せよ¹ 教育しろ² | きょういくせよ¹ きょういくしろ² | kyōiku seyo¹ kyōiku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 教育される | きょういくされる | kyōiku sareru |
| Causative | 教育させる 教育さす | きょういくさせる きょういくさす | kyōiku saseru kyōiku sasu |
| Potential | 教育できる | きょういくできる | kyōiku dekiru |
| Volitional | 教育しよう | きょういくしよう | kyōiku shiyō |
| Negative | 教育しない | きょういくしない | kyōiku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 教育せず | きょういくせず | kyōiku sezu |
| Formal | 教育します | きょういくします | kyōiku shimasu |
| Perfective | 教育した | きょういくした | kyōiku shita |
| Conjunctive | 教育して | きょういくして | kyōiku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 教育すれば | きょういくすれば | kyōiku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 教 | 育 |

### Noun

教育 • (gyoyuk) (hangeul 교육)
* Alternative form of 敎育 (“education”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 教 | 育 |

### Noun

教育
* chữ Hán form of giáo dục (“education”).

### Verb

教育
* chữ Hán form of giáo dục (“to educate, to train”).