# 鉗

| 鉗 | U+9257, &#37463; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9257 |
| ← 鉖 [U+9256] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鉘 → [U+9258] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鉗 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 金廿一 (CTM), four-corner 8417$_0$, composition ⿰釒甘)

#### Derived characters

* 𡽎, 𬕸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1301, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40306
* Dae Jaweon: page 1803, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4182, character 7
* Unihan data for U+9257

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 鉗
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 紺 | *kɯːms |
| 姏 | *mɡaːm |
| 嵌 | *sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm |
| 甘 | *kaːm |
| 柑 | *kaːm |
| 苷 | *kaːm |
| 泔 | *kaːm |
| 坩 | *kaːm, *kʰaːm |
| 蚶 | *ɢaːm, *ɢaːm |
| 酣 | *ɢaːm |
| 甝 | *ɢaːm |
| 魽 | *ɢaːm |
| 邯 | *ɡaːm, *ɡaːm |
| 鉗 | *ɡram |
| 箝 | *ɡram |
| 黚 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 拑 | *ɡram |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qián (qian$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kim$^4$ / kim$^{4-2}$ / kem$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiàm
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khiâm / khîⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiam$^5$ / kin$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qián
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cián
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^2$
*** Yale: chyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kim$^4$ / kim$^{4-2}$ / kem$^4$
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kim$^4$ / kim$^{4-2}$ / kem$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kim$^4$ / kim$^{4-2}$ / kém$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiːm²¹/, /kʰiːm²¹⁻³⁵/, /kʰɛːm²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: kiam$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kiam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiâm
*** Tâi-lô: khiâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiaam
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiam¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /kʰiam²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: khînn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qvii
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰĩ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰĩ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kʰĩ²⁴/
* khiâm - literary;
* khîⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: gjem
Rime :
| Character | 鉗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (154) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 巨淹切 |
| Baxter | gjem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚiɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjiam/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭɛm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kim$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[ɡ]<r>[e]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡram/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鉗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gjem › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.[ɡ]<r>[e]m/ |
| English | pincers, tongs |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鉗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3665 |
| Phonetic component | 甘 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 箝 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡram/ |
| Notes | 同箝 |

### Definitions

鉗
* claw of a crustacean (Classifier: 個／个 c)
    隻蟹個鉗／只蟹个钳 [Cantonese] ― zek$^3$ haai$^5$ go$^3$ kim$^{4-2}$ [Jyutping] ― claw of a crab
    蟹鉗／蟹钳 [Cantonese] ― haai$^5$ kim$^4$ [Jyutping] ― crab claws
* pincers, pliers, tongs
* to grab or pinch with a plier or a crustacean claw
       keoi$^5$ zek$^3$ sau$^2$ bei$^2$ zek$^3$ haai$^5$ go$^3$ kim$^{4-2}$ kem$^4$ can$^1$. [Jyutping]
       His hand was pinched by a crab's claw.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鉗子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 鉗子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鉗子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 鉗子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 鉗子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 鉗子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 鉗子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 鉗子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 鉗子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 鉗子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 鉗子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 鉗子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 鉗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 鉗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鉗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 夾鉗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 鉗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 鉗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 鉗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 鉗子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鉗, 鉗仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 鉗, 鉗仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 鉗仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 鉗仔 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鉗 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鉗仔 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鉗仔 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鉗子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鉗兒 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鉗仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 鉗 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 鉗仔 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 鉗仔 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 鉗 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 鉗子 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鉗仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鉗仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鉗仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鉗 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鉗仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鉗 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 鉗仔 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 鉗仔 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 鉗 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 鉗 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鉗子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 鉗子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鉗仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鉗囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鉗仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鉗仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鉗仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 鉗仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鉗仔 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鉗仔 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鉗囝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鉗囝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 鉗囝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 鉗, 鉗囝 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 鉗 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 鉗囝 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 鉗囝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 鉗 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鉗子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 鉗子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 鉗子 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 鉗子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 夾鉗兒, 鉗兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鉗子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 鉗子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 鉗子 |

#### Compounds

* 克絲鉗子 / 克丝钳子
* 卡鉗 / 卡钳
* 受鉗鎚 / 受钳锤
* 尖嘴鉗 / 尖嘴钳 (jiānzuǐqián)
* 拘鉗 / 拘钳
* 火鉗 / 火钳 (huǒqián)
* 焊鉗 / 焊钳
* 產鉗 / 产钳 (chǎnqián)
* 羅鉗吉網 / 罗钳吉网
* 老虎鉗 / 老虎钳 (lǎohǔqián)
* 胡桃鉗 / 胡桃钳
* 虎鉗 / 虎钳 (hǔqián)
* 虎頭鉗 / 虎头钳 (hǔtóuqián)
* 蝍蛆鉗帶 / 蝍蛆钳带
* 鉗且 / 钳且
* 鉗制 / 钳制 (qiánzhì)
* 鉗口 / 钳口
* 鉗口吞舌 / 钳口吞舌
* 鉗口撟舌 / 钳口挢舌
* 鉗口結舌 / 钳口结舌
* 鉗噤 / 钳噤
* 鉗子 / 钳子 (qiánzi)
* 鉗工 / 钳工 (qiángōng)
* 鉗忌 / 钳忌
* 鉗鉗 / 钳钳
* 鉗馬銜枚 / 钳马衔枚
* 鏈鉗子 / 链钳子
* 鐵鉗 / 铁钳
* 髡鉗 / 髡钳

### Descendants

* → Proto-Tai: *ɡiːmᴬ (“pliers, tongs”)
** Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɡiːmᴬ (“pliers, tongs”)
*** Lao: ຄີມ (khīm)
*** Tai Dam: ꪁꪲꪣ
*** Shan: ၵိမ်း (kím)
*** Thai: คีม (kiim, “pliers, tongs”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)、けん (ken)
* Kun: くびかせ (kubikase, 鉗)、かなぎ (kanagi, 鉗)、はさむ (hasamu, 鉗む)、はさみ (hasami, 鉗)、かなばさみ (kanabasami, 鉗)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鉗
* はさみ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 鉗 – see the following entry. :
| 【鋏はさみ】H | [noun] a (pair of) scissors [noun] a punch as used to make a hole in a piece of paper Alternative spellings ハサミ, 剪刀, 螯 |
(This term, 鉗, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

鉗 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.