# 污

| 污 | U+6C61, &#27745; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C61 |
| ← 池 [U+6C60] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 汢 → [U+6C62] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 污 |
| Simplified | 污 |
| Japanese | 汚 |
| Korean | 汚 |

### Han character

污 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水一一尸 (EMMS), four-corner 3112$_7$, composition ⿰氵亏)

#### Derived characters

* 𪷪, 𡜂, 𬇸

#### Related characters

* 汙 (Preferred form used for traditional Chinese in Taiwan)
* 汚 (Preferred form used in Japanese kanji)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 607, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17134
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1551, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6C61

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 侉 | *qaːls |
| 夸 | *kʰʷraː |
| 姱 | *kʰʷraː |
| 胯 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 跨 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 誇 | *kʰʷraː |
| 垮 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 銙 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 骻 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 咵 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 釫 | *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː |
| 摦 | *ɡʷraːs |
| 鮬 | *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː |
| 嶀 | *qʰʷl'aː |
| 扝 | *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː |
| 刳 | *kʰʷaː |
| 郀 | *kʰʷaː |
| 挎 | *kʰʷaː |
| 袴 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 絝 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 褲 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 恗 | *qʰaː |
| 洿 | *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː |
| 瓠 | *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs |
| 鄠 | *ɢʷlaːʔ |
| 污 | *qʷaː, *qʷaːs |
| 杇 | *qʷaː |
| 圬 | *qʷaː |
| 鴮 | *qʷaː |
| 盓 | *qʷaː |
| 汙 | *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa |
| 樗 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 摴 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 荂 | *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa |
| 雩 | *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla |
| 吁 | *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 盱 | *qʰʷa |
| 訏 | *qʰʷa |
| 扜 | *qʰʷa, *qʷa |
| 旴 | *qʰʷa |
| 冔 | *qʰʷaʔ |
| 紆 | *qʷa |
| 陓 | *qʷa |
| 迂 | *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa |
| 虶 | *qʷa |
| 于 | *ɢʷa |
| 盂 | *ɢʷa |
| 竽 | *ɢʷa |
| 邘 | *ɢʷa |
| 玗 | *ɢʷa |
| 芋 | *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 杅 | *ɢʷa |
| 釪 | *ɢʷa |
| 骬 | *ɢʷa |
| 謣 | *ɢʷla |
| 宇 | *ɢʷaʔ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wū (wu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wu$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): u / o͘ / ù
    (Teochew, Peng'im): u$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$u
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wū
*** Zhuyin: ㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wu
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^1$
*** Yale: wū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: u
*** Palladius: у (u)
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wu$^1$
*** Yale: wū
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuː⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: u
*** Tâi-lô: u
*** Phofsit Daibuun: w
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /u³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /u⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘
*** Tâi-lô: oo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: of
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɔ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ù
*** Tâi-lô: ù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ux
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /u⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /u²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /u¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: u$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: u
*** Sinological IPA : /u³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$u
*** MiniDict: u$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$u
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /u⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: 'u
Rime :
| Character | 污 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 哀都切 |
| Baxter | 'u |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔo/ |
| Wang Li | /u/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʷaː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 污 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔwæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷˁra/ |
| English | impure, vile |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 污 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 15679 |
| Phonetic component | 于 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 烏 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷaː/ |
| Notes | 同洿 |

#### Definitions

污
* dirt; filth
* unclean; dirty; filthy
* rotten; corrupt
* to make dirty; to pollute; to stain
* to defile; to smear; to tarnish
* (literary) Alternative form of 洿 (wū, “stagnant pool; puddle”)
* (literary) low-lying
* (literary) low; lowly
* (literary) decline
* (Internet slang, humorous) embarrassing; obscene; erotic; blue; pornographic
    噫，污 ― yī, wū ― Eek, how obscene!
    要優雅不要污／要优雅不要污 ― yào yōuyǎ bùyào wū ― Be elegant, and don't be dirty.

##### Synonyms

* (to make dirty):
* 弄髒 / 弄脏 (nòngzāng)
* 玷污 (diànwū)
* 髒 / 脏
* (to defile):
* 侵辱 (qīnrǔ) (literary)
* 侮辱
* 凌辱 (língrǔ)
* 暴辱 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 污辱 (wūrǔ)
* 糟質 / 糟质 (zou$^1$ zat$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 糟蹋 (zāotà)
* 羞辱 (xiūrǔ)

#### Compounds

* 二次污染
* 卑污 (bēiwū)
* 同流合污 (tóngliúhéwū)
* 含垢納污 / 含垢纳污
* 噪音污染 (zàoyīn wūrǎn)
* 土壤污染 (tǔrǎng wūrǎn)
* 垢污
* 塵污 / 尘污
* 大氣污染 / 大气污染
* 姦污 / 奸污 (jiānwū)
* 媟污
* 家庭污水
* 展污
* 川澤納污 / 川泽纳污
* 工業廢污 / 工业废污
* 扯爛污 / 扯烂污
* 拆爛污 / 拆烂污
* 放射污染
* 染污
* 核污染
* 水污染 (shuǐwūrǎn)
* 污名 (wūmíng)
* 污吏 (wūlì)
* 污吏黠胥
* 污垢 (wūgòu)
* 污庳
* 污損 / 污损 (wūsǔn)
* 污染 (wūrǎn)
* 污染物 (wūrǎnwù)
* 污水 (wūshuǐ)
* 污水處理 / 污水处理
* 污泥 (wūní)
* 污漫 (wūmàn)
* 污濁 / 污浊 (wūzhuó)
* 污痕 (wūhén)
* 污穢 / 污秽 (wūhuì)
* 污衊 / 污蔑 (wūmiè)
* 污辱 (wūrǔ)
* 污隆
* 污點 / 污点 (wūdiǎn)
* 泥污
* 沾污
* 油污 (yóuwū)
* 油污染
* 海水污染
* 淫污穢臭 / 淫污秽臭
* 潢污
* 潔言污行 / 洁言污行
* 濫官污吏 / 滥官污吏 (lànguān-wūlì)
* 濫污 / 滥污
* 濯污揚清 / 濯污扬清
* 熱污染 / 热污染
* 爛污貨 / 烂污货
* 玷污 (diànwū)
* 環境污染 / 环境污染 (huánjìng wūrǎn)
* 穢語污言 / 秽语污言
* 空氣污染 / 空气污染 (kōngqì wūrǎn)
* 納垢藏污 / 纳垢藏污
* 蕩垢滌污 / 荡垢涤污
* 藏垢納污 / 藏垢纳污 (cánggòunàwū)
* 藏污納垢 / 藏污纳垢 (cángwūnàgòu)
* 血污 (xuèwū)
* 血污池
* 貪官污吏 / 贪官污吏 (tānguān-wūlì)
* 貪污 / 贪污 (tānwū)
* 貪污腐化 / 贪污腐化
* 貪污舞弊 / 贪污舞弊
* 贓污 / 赃污
* 贓污狼藉 / 赃污狼借
* 除污
* 除污去垢
* 隆污
* 雪污
* 騫污 / 骞污
* 點污 / 点污

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wū, wù (wu$^1$, wu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨ, ㄨˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wū
*** Zhuyin: ㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wu
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^1$
*** Yale: wū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: u
*** Palladius: у (u)
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wù
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wù
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^4$
*** Yale: wù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
*** Palladius: у (u)
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵¹/
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʷaːs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 污 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 15687 |
| Phonetic component | 于 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 汙 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷaːs/ |
| Notes | 手冊作汙今字廣韻平聲也作污 |

#### Definitions

污
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to wash away dirt
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bó wū wǒ sī, bó huàn wǒ yī. [Pinyin]
    I will wash my private clothes clean, And I will rinse my robes.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wā (wa$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waa$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wā
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wa
*** Wade–Giles: wa$^1$
*** Yale: wā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ua
*** Palladius: ва (va)
*** Sinological IPA : /wä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waa$^1$
*** Yale: wā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /waː⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

污
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 污尊
* 污膺

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$u
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$u
*** MiniDict: u$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$u
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /u³⁴/

#### Definitions

污
* (Wu) Alternative form of 惡 / 恶 (“excrement; faeces; dung”)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02132
* “污”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: う (u)
* Kan-on: お (o)
* Kun: けがす (kegasu, 污す)、けがれる (kegareru, 污れる)、よごす (yogosu, 污す)、きたない (kitanai, 污い)

#### Usage notes

This character is not used in Japanese, and the variant 汚 is used instead.

## Korean
### Hanja

污 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

污: Hán Nôm readings: ô, ố
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.