# 大和
## Chinese

* 大和

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Dàhé
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daai$^6$ wo$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tāi-hô
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Dàhé
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Dàhé
*** Wade–Giles: Ta$^4$-ho$^2$
*** Yale: Dà-hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dahher
*** Palladius: Дахэ (Daxɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daai$^6$ wo$^4$
*** Yale: daaih wòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daai$^6$ wo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dai$^6$ wo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːi̯²² wɔː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-hô
*** Tâi-lô: tāi-hô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: daixhooi
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tai³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/
* Middle Chinese: dajH|daH hwa
Rime :
| Character | 大 | 大 | 和 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) | 歌 (94) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徒蓋切 | 唐佐切 | 戸戈切 |
| Baxter | dajH | daH | hwa |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ɦuɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ɦuɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ɣuɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daj$^H$/ | /da$^H$/ | /ɦwa/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ɣuɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑi$^H$/ | /dɑ$^H$/ | /ɣuɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑi$^H$/ | /dʱɑ$^H$/ | /ɣuɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dài | duò | huó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daai$^6$ | do$^6$ | wo$^4$ |

### Etymology 1
#### Proper noun

大和
* (Chinese history) an era during the Tang dynasty, from 827 through 835 CE
* (Chinese history) an era during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, from 929 through 935 CE
* (Vietnamese history) an era during the reign of Lê Nhân Tông, from 1443 through 1453
* (～鄉) Dahe (a township in Bazhou district, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 大(だい)和(わ) (Daiwa)

### Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大和(やまと) (Yamato).

#### Proper noun

大和
* Yamato (ancient name for Japan)
* (～市) Yamato (a city in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan)
* (～國) Yamato Province, a former province in Japan, generally equivalent Nara Prefecture
* An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 大和, Yamato

##### Derived terms

* 大和人 (dàhérén)
* 大和族 (dàhézú)
* 大和高田 (Dàhégāotián)

#### See also

* 日本 (Rìběn)
* 倭 (wō)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 和 |
| やまと ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 3 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 倭 和
⟨yamato$_2$⟩: *[jamatə] → /jamato/
From older 邪馬台 (yamatai). From Old Japanese 大和 (yamato$_2$), from Proto-Japonic *yamatə. Originally a geographical region in Nara, came to refer to all of Nara, and eventually to the country as a whole: Japan.
Chinese texts often used the word 倭 (“dwarf, midget”) to refer to the people of the Japanese archipelago, possibly because they were actually smaller, or more likely as an insult. This character came to be used in early Japanese texts, such as the Man'yōshū poetry compilation, with a kun'yomi or native-Japanese reading of Yamato to refer to Japan in general.
This 倭 character also has an on'yomi or borrowed Chinese reading of wa. During the reign of Empress Genmei (707–715), the 倭 character with an original Chinese meaning of “midget, dwarf” was replaced with the 和 character that is also read wa, but instead has the more favorable meaning of “harmony”, in spellings of the native Japanese term Yamato. The 大 character meaning “great” was then prefixed to this. The resulting kanji compound 大和 can also be read with a kun'yomi of Ōyamato (see below).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) やまと [yáꜜmàtò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ja̠ma̠to̞]

#### Proper noun

大和(やまと) • (Yamato)
* a town in the Shikinoshimo district in the Yamato Province of Japan, generally equivalent to modern Tenri area
* A city in Kanagawa prefecture
* one of the old provinces that made up Japan, generally equivalent to modern Nara prefecture
* the country of Japan
* 大和: a World War II battleship (Should we delete this sense?)
* 大和: a male given name
* 大和: a surname

##### Synonyms

* (Japan): 日本 (Nihon, Nippon)

##### Derived terms

(Japan):
* 大和草(ヤマトグサ) (yamatogusa)
* 大和(やまと)言(こと)葉(ば) (yamato kotoba)
* 大和(やまと)琴(ごと) (yamatogoto)
* 大和(やまと)島(しま) (yamatoshima)
* 大和(やまと)魂(だましい) (yamato damashī)
* 大和(やまと)名(な) (yamato na)
* 大和(ヤマト)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (yamato nadeshiko)
* 大和(やまと)人(びと) (yamatobito)
* 大和(やまと)文(ぶみ) (yamatobumi)
* 大和(やまと)民(みん)族(ぞく) (yamato minzoku)
* 大和(やまと)女(め) (yamatome)
* 大和(やまと)文(も)字(じ) (yamato moji)

##### Descendants

* → Chinese: 大和 (Dàhé)

#### See also

* 奈良(なら) (Nara)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 和 |
| おお Grade: 1 | やまと Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi | irregular |
* Alternative spellings
* 大倭 大日本
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Compound of 大 (ō, “great, big”) +‎ 和 (Yamato, “the ancient Yamato kingdom; Japan”). The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [o̞ːja̠ma̠to̞]

#### Proper noun

大(おお)和(やまと) • (Ōyamato)
* (historical) one of the old provinces that made up Japan, generally equivalent to modern Nara prefecture
* (poetic) the country of Japan

#### See also

* 奈良(なら) (Nara)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 和 |
| だい Grade: 1 | わ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
Appears to be a borrowing from Middle Chinese 大和 (MC dajH|daH hwa|hwaH).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [da̠iβ̞a̠]

#### Proper noun

大(だい)和(わ) • (Daiwa)
* an era in history:
** (Chinese history) an era during the Tang dynasty, from 827 through 835 CE
** (Chinese history) an era during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, from 929 through 935 CE
** (Vietnamese history) an era during the reign of Lê Nhân Tông, from 1443 through 1453
* a place:
** A neighborhood of Takatsuki, Osaka prefecture.
** A township in Bazhong, Sichuan, China.

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
* ↑ c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 475:, text here

## Kunigami

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 和 |
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 3 |

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yamato, from Proto-Japonic *yamatə. Cognate with Japanese 大和(やまと) (Yamato).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jamatuː/

### Proper noun

大和(やまと゚ぅー) (Yamatū)
* Japan

#### Derived terms

* 大和言葉

## Miyako

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 和 |
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 3 |

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yamato, from Proto-Japonic *yamatə. Cognate with Japanese 大和(やまと) (Yamato).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jamatu/

### Proper noun

大和(やまとぅ) (Yamatu)
* Japan

#### Derived terms

* 大和口
* 大和名
* 大和人
* 大和瓜
* 大和酒

## Okinawan
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 和 |
| やまとぅ ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 3 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spellings
* 倭 和 日本
From Proto-Ryukyuan *yamato, from Proto-Japonic *yamatə. Cognate with mainland Japanese 大和 (Yamato).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jamatu/

#### Proper noun

大和(やまとぅ) (Yamatu)
* Japan, mainland Japan in contrast to Okinawa
* Satsuma, Japan

##### Usage notes

* Because 大和 (Yamatu) may also refer to Satsuma, 大大和 (Ufuyamatu) is used to clearly refer to mainland Japan in contrast to Okinawa.

##### Derived terms

* (Japan): 大和(やまとぅ)口(ぐち) (yamatuguchi)
* (Japan): 大和(やまとぅ)酒(じゃき) (yamatujaki)
* (Japan): 大(うふ)大和(やまとぅ) (Ufu Yamatu)
* (Japan): 大和(やまとぅ)世(ゆー) (yamatu-yū)
* (Japan): 大和(やまとぅ)嫁(ゆみ) (yamatuyumi)
* (Japan): 大和(やまとぅ)ん人(ちゅ) (yamatunchu)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 和 |
| うふやまとぅ ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 3 |
| jukujikun ||

#### Proper noun

大和(うふやまとぅ) (Ufuyamatu)
* Alternative form of 大大和 (“Japan, Mainland Japan in contrast to Okinawan”).

### References

* “やまとぅ【大和・倭】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
* Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)
* “ヤマト（やまと）” in Okinawan Dialect Dictionary - Ajima.

## Yaeyama

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 和 |
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 3 |

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yamato, from Proto-Japonic *yamatə. Cognate with Japanese 大和(やまと) (Yamato).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jamatu/

### Proper noun

大和(やまとぅ) (Yamatu)
* Japan

#### Derived terms

* 大和物言

## Yonaguni

Kanji in this term :
| 大 | 和 |
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 3 |
* Alternative spelling
* 倭

### Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yamato, from Proto-Japonic *yamatə. Cognate with Japanese 大和(やまと) (Yamato).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /damatu/

### Proper noun

大和(だまとぅ) (Damatu)
* Japan

#### Derived terms

* 大和物言

### References

* “だまとぅ【大和・倭】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.