# τρέπω
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”); cognate with Latin trepit (“turns”, verb), Sanskrit त्रपते (trápate, “feels ashamed, becomes timid or perplexed”), and Hittite 𒋼𒊑𒅁𒍣 (te-ri-ip-zi /⁠tereppt͡si⁠/, “ploughs”, verb). τραπέω (trapéō, “to tread (out), press (grapes)”) and Latin torqueō (“to twist, wind”) are, according to Beekes, unrelated.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tré.pɔː/ → /ˈtre.po/ → /ˈtre.po/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /tré.pɔː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈtre.po/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈtre.po/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈtre.po/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈtre.po/

### Verb

τρέπω • (trépō)
* turn, divert, turn back, rout an enemy
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.184:εἰ δ’ ὅ γ’ ἀνὴρ ὅν φημι δαΐφρων Τυδέος υἱὸς οὐχ ὅ γ’ ἄνευθε θεοῦ τάδε μαίνεται, ἀλλά τις ἄγχι ἕστηκ’ ἀθανάτων νεφέλῃ εἰλυμένος ὤμους, ὃς τούτου βέλος ὠκὺ κιχήμενον ἔτραπεν ἄλλῃ.ei d’ hó g’ anḕr hón phēmi daḯphrōn Tudéos huiòs oukh hó g’ áneuthe theoû táde maínetai, allá tis ánkhi héstēk’ athanátōn nephélēi eiluménos ṓmous, hòs toútou bélos ōkù kikhḗmenon étrapen állēi.Translation by BuckleyBut if this man, whom I speak of, be the warlike son of Tydeus, he does not perform these frantic deeds without divine aid, but some one of the immortals stands near, wrapped round as to his shoulders in a cloud, who has turned into another course the swift shaft just about to hit him.
* to change someone's mind; (middle voice) to change one's own mind
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.43:χρεὼ βουλῆς ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ διοτρεφὲς ὦ Μενέλαε κερδαλέης, ἥ τίς κεν ἐρύσσεται ἠδὲ σαώσει Ἀργείους καὶ νῆας, ἐπεὶ Διὸς ἐτράπετο φρήν.khreṑ boulês emè kaì sè diotrephès ô Menélae kerdaléēs, hḗ tís ken erússetai ēdè saṓsei Argeíous kaì nêas, epeì Diòs etrápeto phrḗn.O Jove-nurtured Menelaus, need of prudent counsel comes upon both thee and me, which will protect and preserve the Greeks and their ships, since the mind of Jove is altered.
* to rotate something, change its orientation; (middle voice) turn around, rotate oneself
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.3:πάλιν τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινώpálin trépen ósse phaeinṓturned his shining eyes back
* (passive voice) to wander, not go in a straight line
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.80:τραφθῆναι ἀν’ Ἑλλάδαtraphthênai an’ Helláda

#### Usage notes

The passive sense is usually expressed using the middle voice, more rarely in the passive (but ἐτράπην (etrápēn) is used for "to be routed" in Aeschylus, Persians, 1029).
    800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.231:ὅς ῥα τότ’ Ἀτρεΐδεω Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀντίον ἦλθεν. οἱ δ’ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπ’ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες, Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἅμαρτε, παραὶ δέ οἱ ἐτράπετ’ ἔγχοςhós rha tót’ Atreḯdeō Agamémnonos antíon êlthen. hoi d’ hóte dḕ skhedòn êsan ep’ allḗloisin ióntes, Atreḯdēs mèn hámarte, paraì dé hoi etrápet’ énkhosTranslation by BuckleyWhen these, advancing against each other, were now near, the son of Atreus on his part missed, and his spear was turned aside
There is no clear difference in meaning between the first and second aorists.

#### Derived terms

* ἀνατρέπω (anatrépō)
* ἀντρέπω (antrépō)
* ἀποτρέπω (apotrépō)
* διατρέπω (diatrépō)
* ἐκτρέπω (ektrépō)
* ἐνεπιτρέπω (enepitrépō)
* ἐντρέπω (entrépō)
* ἐπανατρέπω (epanatrépō)
* ἐπιπεριτρέπω (epiperitrépō)
* ἐπιτρέπω (epitrépō)
* κατατρέπω (katatrépō)
* μετατρέπω (metatrépō)
* παρατρέπω (paratrépō)
* παρεκτρέπω (parektrépō)
* πεδατρέπω (pedatrépō)
* περιτρέπω (peritrépō)
* προσανατρέπω (prosanatrépō)
* προσεπιτρέπω (prosepitrépō)
* προστρέπω (prostrépō)
* προτρέπω (protrépō)
* συμμετατρέπω (summetatrépō)
* συμπεριτρέπω (sumperitrépō)
* συμπροτρέπω (sumprotrépō)
* συνανατρέπω (sunanatrépō)
* συναποτρέπω (sunapotrépō)
* συνεπιτρέπω (sunepitrépō)
* συντρέπω (suntrépō)
* ὑπανατρέπω (hupanatrépō)
* ὑπεκτρέπω (hupektrépō)

#### Related terms

* τροπή (tropḗ)
* τρόπος (trópos)

#### Descendants

→ English:
* Atropos
* entropy
* trope
* trophy
* tropic

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τρέπω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1503-4

### Further reading

* Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “terepp-$^{zi}$ / tere/ipp-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 871–872
* “τρέπω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “τρέπω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “τρέπω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* τρέπω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* τρέπω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “τρέπω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter

## Greek
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τρέπω.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtre.po/
* Hyphenation: τρέ‧πω

### Verb

τρέπω • (trépo) (past έτρεψα, passive τρέπομαι)
* to divert, convert
    τρέπομαι σε φυγή ― trépomai se fygí ― I flee, run away
    τράπηκε σε φυγή ― trápike se fygí ― S/he fled
    ετράπη εις φυγήν (in ancient fashion) ― etrápi eis fygín ― S/he fled
* to turn, veer

#### Derived terms

* ανατρέπω (anatrépo, “to thwart, to overturn”)
* αποτρέπω (apotrépo, “to avert, to dissuade”)
* παρεκτρέπομαι (parektrépomai, “to misbehave”)
* μετατρέπω (metatrépo, “to transform, to convert”)
* επιτρέπω (epitrépo, “to allow”)
* προτρέπω (protrépo, “to incite, to encourage”)