# 帥

| 帥 | U+5E25, &#24101; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E25 |
| ← 帤 [U+5E24] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 带 → [U+5E26] |

## Translingual
### Han character

帥 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹口中月 (HRLB), four-corner 2472$_7$, composition ⿰𠂤巾)

#### Derived characters

* 𣈪, 𦝭, 𧍓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 331, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8886
* Dae Jaweon: page 636, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 737, character 2
* Unihan data for U+5E25

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 帥 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 寻 (“two hands”) + 巾 (“scarf”) - to wear a scarf. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sruds, *srud): phonetic 𠂤 (*C.tˤuj) + semantic 巾.

### Etymology

Also written as 率 (OC *sruds, *rud, *srud, “to lead”); both represent the s-causative of 律 (OC *rud, “to follow”). Cognate with Tibetan སྲིད (srid, “commander, leader”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shuài (shuai$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sai
* Eastern Min (BUC): só̤i
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sòe
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$se / $^5$sa / $^5$sue
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuài
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shuài
*** Wade–Giles: shuai$^4$
*** Yale: shwài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuay
*** Palladius: шуай (šuaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seoi$^3$
*** Yale: seui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soey$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵy̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sai
*** Hakka Romanization System: sai
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sai$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sai̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: só̤i
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔy²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sòe
*** Tâi-lô: suè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soex
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sue²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sue²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sue¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sue²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$se
*** MiniDict: se$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$se
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se³⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /se⁵²³/
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$sa
*** MiniDict: sa$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$sa
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sa³⁴/
** (Northern: Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$sue
*** MiniDict: sue$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /szʷɛ⁴⁵/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit帥 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂuai⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʂuai⁵³/ /suai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /suai⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʂuɛ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʂuɛ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʂuai³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /fai⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /fɛ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʂuɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /fɛ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʂuai²¹³/ /fai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /suai³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /suai¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /suai²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂuæ²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʂuae⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʂue̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suai⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /suæ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /suɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /se³⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /se̞⁵¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷe̞⁴⁴⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /sa⁴²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /sɛ³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /sə⁴²/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕyai⁵⁵/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sai⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sai⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sai⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /søy³³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /sui³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /søy³³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sue²¹/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɔy²¹²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /suɛ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sue²¹³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /suai³⁵/ /sɔi³⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: srwijH, srwit
Rime :
| Character | 帥 | 帥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (18) | 術 (52) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 所類切 | 所律切 |
| Baxter | srwijH | srwit |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠiuɪ$^H$/ | /ʃiuɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃʷᵚi$^H$/ | /ʃʷit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃiuɪ$^H$/ | /ʃjuet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂjwi$^H$/ | /ʂwit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃjui$^H$/ | /ʃiuĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃwi$^H$/ | /ʃĭuĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂwi$^H$/ | /ʂi̯uĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shuài | shuai |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seoi$^3$ | seot$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-rut-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sruds/, /*srud/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 帥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shuài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ srwij$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-rut-s/ |
| English | leader (of an army) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 帥 | 帥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11929 | 11930 |
| Phonetic component | 帥 | 帥 |
| Rime group | 隊 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 帥 | 率 |
| Old Chinese | /*sruds/ | /*srud/ |
| Notes | 甲文象雙手拭席， 後加巾轉註 | 原列質韻 |

### Definitions

帥
* (military) to command; to lead (and give orders to); to designate
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Sānjūn kě duó shuài yě, pǐfū bùkě duó zhì yě.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said: "The three armies' commander can be seized. The common man's will cannot be deprived."
    From: Guanzi, 5th century BCE to 220 CE
    Shàng shuài shì yǐ rén zhī suǒ dài, zé shàngxià hé. [Pinyin]
    If the king appoints respected officers as commanders, there will be harmony in the military.
** 4th cent. BC, 《竹書紀年》 (Bamboo Annals), s.v. "周宣王" (Xuan King):
    五年... 秋八月，方叔帥師伐荊蠻Year 5 [c. 820 BC]... Autumn, Month 8: "Uncle" Fang led a force to slaughter the Jingman.
* to lead; to guide
    Jì Kāng Zǐ wèn zhèng yú Kǒngzǐ. Kǒngzǐ duì yuē: “Zhèng zhě, zhèng yě. Zǐ shuài yǐ zhèng, shú gǎn bùzhèng?” [Pinyin]
    The philosopher Ji Kang asked Confucius about government; Confucius answered: "To govern is to rectify. When you lead correctly, who'd dare be not correct?"
* (to be a) role model; example
* to follow; to adhere to
    帥教／帅教 ― shuàijiào ― to follow guidance
* rapid; sharp; sudden
    帥然／帅然 ― shuàirán ― suddenly, rapidly
    帥爾／帅尔 ― shuài'ěr ― rapidly
* commander-in-chief; marshal
* officialdom; senior officials
* (of a person or a thing) leader; guider; leading factor
* (xiangqi) marshal: 🩠, the chief piece (on the red side)
* (colloquial, of men) handsome; good-looking; hot
    帥呆／帅呆 ― shuàidāi ― to be very good-looking
    帥哥／帅哥 ― shuàigē ― handsome guy
* (colloquial) elegant; beautiful; splendid; impressive
* a surname, Shuai

#### Synonyms

* (handsome):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 英俊, 帥氣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 帥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 英俊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 帥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 帥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 帥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 靚仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 靚仔 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 靚仔 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 靚仔 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 靚仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 緣投, 斯文 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 緣投, 斯文 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 緣投, 斯文 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 派頭, 緣投, 斯文 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 緣投, 斯文 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 緣投, 斯文 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 緣投 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 緣投 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 緣投 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 緣投 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 緣投 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 緣投 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 緣投, 燦頭, 燦才 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 緣投 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 緣投 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 緣投 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 緣投 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 帥 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 帥 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 帥 |

#### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese chess pieces) 帥 / 帅 (shuài) / 將 / 将 (jiàng), 仕 (shì) / 士 (shì), 相 / 象 (xiàng), 俥 / 伡 / 車 / 车 (jū), 傌 / 㐷 / 馬 / 马 (mǎ), 炮 / 砲 / 炮, 兵 (bīng) / 卒 (zú)

#### See also

* 帨 (shuì, “shawl, mantelet”) - may be used interchangeably; forms the character etymology of 帥.
* 率 (shuài, “to lead”) - may be used interchangeably
* 將／将 (jiàng, “officer”)

### Compounds

* 不良帥 / 不良帅
* 主帥 / 主帅 (zhǔshuài)
* 元帥 / 元帅 (yuánshuài)
* 大元帥 / 大元帅 (dàyuánshuài)
* 大帥 / 大帅 (dàshuài)
* 將帥 / 将帅 (jiàngshuài)
* 帥乘 / 帅乘
* 帥令 / 帅令
* 帥伏 / 帅伏
* 帥使 / 帅使
* 帥先 / 帅先 (shuàixiān)
* 帥厉
* 帥司 / 帅司
* 帥哥 / 帅哥 (shuàigē)
* 帥垣 / 帅垣
* 帥字旗 / 帅字旗
* 帥導 / 帅导
* 帥府 / 帅府
* 帥座 / 帅座
* 帥從 / 帅从
* 帥性 / 帅性
* 帥意 / 帅意
* 帥才 / 帅才
* 帥教 / 帅教
* 帥服 / 帅服
* 帥氣 / 帅气 (shuàiqì)
* 帥然 / 帅然
* 帥爾 / 帅尔
* 帥由 / 帅由
* 帥甸 / 帅甸
* 帥示 / 帅示
* 帥繇 / 帅繇
* 帥職 / 帅职
* 帥臣 / 帅臣
* 帥臺 / 帅台
* 帥行 / 帅行
* 帥道 / 帅道
* 帥鍋 / 帅锅 (shuàiguō)
* 帥長 / 帅长
* 帥閫 / 帅阃
* 帥首 / 帅首
* 師帥 / 师帅
* 掛帥 / 挂帅 (guàshuài)
* 棄車保帥 / 弃车保帅 (qìjūbǎoshuài)
* 玩帥 / 玩帅
* 統帥 / 统帅 (tǒngshuài)
* 統帥權 / 统帅权
* 領帥 / 领帅

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* commander

#### Readings

* Go-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)、そち (sochi)
* Kan-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)、そつ (sotsu)
* Kun: ひきいる (hikiiru, 帥いる)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 帥 (MC srwijH). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈〮 (sywú) (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 帥 (eumhun 장수 수 (jangsu su))
* hanja form of 수 (“commander”)

#### Compounds

* 원수 (元帥, wonsu)
* 장수 (將帥, jangsu)
* 총수 (總帥, chongsu)
* 통수 (統帥, tongsu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

帥: Hán Nôm readings: suất, súy/suý, soái
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.