# 繳

| 繳 | U+7E73, &#32371; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E73 |
| ← 繲 [U+7E72] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 繴 → [U+7E74] |

## Translingual
### Han character

繳 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+13, 19 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹尸大 (VFHSK), four-corner 2894$_0$, composition ⿰糹敫)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 940, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27960
* Dae Jaweon: page 1380, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3460, character 8
* Unihan data for U+7E73

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 礉 | *kʰreːw, *kʰreːwɢs |
| 邀 | *qlew, *kleːw |
| 憿 | *kleːw |
| 徼 | *kleːw, *kleːwɢs |
| 儌 | *kleːwʔ, *kleːwʔ |
| 璬 | *kleːwʔ |
| 皦 | *kleːwʔ |
| 繳 | *kleːwʔ, *kljewɢ, *ɡreːɡ |
| 敫 | *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ |
| 譥 | *kleːwɢs |
| 激 | *kleːwɢs, *kleːwɢ |
| 噭 | *kleːwɢs |
| 獥 | *kleːwɢs, *kleːwɢ, *ɡleːwɢ |
| 鸄 | *kleːwɢs, *kleːwɢ, *ɡleːwɢ |
| 墽 | *kʰleːw |
| 竅 | *kʰleːwɢs |
| 覈 | *ɡleːd, *ɡreːɡ |
| 燩 | *kʰreːwɢ, *kʰleːwɢ |
| 檄 | *ɡleːwɢ |
| 薂 | *ɡleːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kleːwʔ, *kljewɢ, *ɡreːɡ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ) – raw silk thread.

### Etymology 1

Probably related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kyak (“navel, umbilical cord, rope”), the latter whence Burmese ချက် (hkyak, “navel”), particularly based on the pronunciation for the "arrow string" sense (STEDT).

#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǎo (jiao$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): giu$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiéu
    (Hailu, HRS): giau$^ˊ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): giēu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gieo$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiáu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giao$^2$ / giou$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎo
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^3$
*** Yale: jyǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeau
*** Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: giu$^2$
*** Yale: gíu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: giu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: giu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːu̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiéu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gieu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: giau$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiau²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giēu
*** Sinological IPA : /kieu³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gieo$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gâ̤u
*** Sinological IPA : /kieu⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gieo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kieu³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiáu
*** Tâi-lô: kiáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiau⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: giao$^2$ / giou$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiáu / kióu
*** Sinological IPA : /kiau⁵²/, /kiou⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: kewX
Rime :
| Character | 繳 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 古了切 |
| Baxter | kewX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /keu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /keu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /keu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɛw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /keu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kieu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kieu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | giu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kleːwʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 繳 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 6389 |
| Phonetic component | 敫 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 皎 |
| Old Chinese | /*kleːwʔ/ |
| Notes | 見史記 |

##### Definitions

繳
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to wind; to entwine
* to hand over (under compulsion); to pay
    繳水費／缴水费 ― jiǎo shuǐfèi ― to pay the water bill
* to make someone hand over; to disarm; to capture (weapons)
* (dialectal) to cooperate; to partner up
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 攪 / 搅 (jiǎo, “to mix; to stir”)
* a surname, Jiao

###### Synonyms

* (to pay):
* 予鐳 / 予镭 (Hokkien)
* 交付 (jiāofù)
* 付 (fù)
* 付出 (fùchū)
* 付款 (fùkuǎn)
* 付鈔票 / 付钞票 (Wu)
* 付錢 / 付钱 (fùqián)
* 出錢 / 出钱 (chūqián)
* 把拉 (Hokkien)
* 挺分 ($^5$thin-fen) (Shanghainese, slang)
* 挺張 / 挺张 ($^5$thin-tsan) (Wu)
* 掏腰包 (tāo yāobāo) (to pay out of one's own pocket)
* 支付 (zhīfù)
* 支出 (zhīchū)
* 斥資 / 斥资 (chìzī) (formal)
* 畀錢 / 畀钱 (bei$^2$ cin$^{4-2}$) (Cantonese)
* 自掏腰包 (zì tāo yāobāo) (to pay out of one's own pocket)
* 還錢 / 还钱 (huánqián) (Malaysia, Singapore)

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to pay”):
* 收入 (shōurù)

##### Compounds

* 倒繳 / 倒缴
* 扣繳 / 扣缴 (kòujiǎo)
* 扣繳率 / 扣缴率
* 拒繳 / 拒缴
* 收繳 / 收缴 (shōujiǎo)
* 欠繳 / 欠缴
* 繳交 / 缴交 (jiǎojiāo)
* 繳付 / 缴付 (jiǎofù)
* 繳卷 / 缴卷
* 繳學費 / 缴学费
* 繳械 / 缴械 (jiǎoxiè)
* 繳款 / 缴款
* 繳獲 / 缴获 (jiǎohuò)
* 繳白卷 / 缴白卷
* 繳稅 / 缴税 (jiǎoshuì)
* 繳納 / 缴纳 (jiǎonà)
* 繳繞 / 缴绕
* 繳費 / 缴费 (jiǎofèi)
* 繳還 / 缴还 (jiǎohuán)
* 繳銷 / 缴销
* 纏繳 / 缠缴
* 預繳 / 预缴

### References

* “繳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “缴”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 108.

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuó (zhuo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoek$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiók
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
*** Wade–Giles: cho$^2$
*** Yale: jwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
*** Palladius: чжо (čžo)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoek$^3$
*** Yale: jeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːk̚³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chiók
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuɔʔ²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyak
Rime :
| Character | 繳 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之若切 |
| Baxter | tsyak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoek$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ewk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kljewɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 繳 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhuó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyak › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t]ewk/ |
| English | string attached to arrow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 繳 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 6401 |
| Phonetic component | 敫 |
| Rime group | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 灼 |
| Old Chinese | /*kljewɢ/ |
| Notes | 說文敫在上 |

##### Definitions

繳
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) raw silk thread
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) raw silk string attached on an arrow
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yī rén suī tīng zhī, yī xīn yǐ wèi yǒu hónghú jiāng zhì, sī yuán gōng zhuó ér shè zhī, suī yǔ zhī jù xué, fú ruò zhī yǐ. [Pinyin]
    The other, although he seems to be listening to him, has his whole mind running on a swan which he thinks is approaching, and wishes to bend his bow, adjust the string to the arrow, and shoot it. Although he is learning along with the other, he does not come up to him.

##### Compounds

* 矰繳 / 矰缴
* 矰繳之說 / 矰缴之说

##### Related terms

* 弋 (yì)

#### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hé (he$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hé
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hé
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$
*** Yale: hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: heak
Rime :
| Character | 繳 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 麥 (119) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 下革切 |
| Baxter | heak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠɛk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚæk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɐk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣæk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣæk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 繳 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 6405 |
| Phonetic component | 敫 |
| Rime group | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 覈 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡreːɡ/ |

##### Definitions

繳
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) collar lining

#### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiào (jiao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiào
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^4$
*** Yale: jyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaw
*** Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

繳
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to tangle; to intertwine

### Etymology 2

Possibly from 局 or 梟 / 枭.

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiáu
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiáu
*** Tâi-lô: kiáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiau⁴¹/

#### Noun

繳
* (Hokkien, Hakka) gambling, bet

##### Usage notes

* In Hokkien, both 繳 / 缴 and 筊 (TRC) are phonetic (and/or partially semantic) loans.
* The Taiwanese–Japanese Dictionary (1931) uses the semantic loan 賭 / 赌 (kiáu) and argues that 攪 / 搅 (kiáu) might be its etymon.
* 繳 / 缴 can collocate with the verb 跋 (poa̍h) in Hokkien and with the verb 賭 / 赌 (tú) in Hakka. The two verbs can also be used independently, meaning "to gamble".

##### Compounds

* 孍繳 / 𱙔缴
* 戇繳 / 戆缴
* 東繳 / 东缴
* 繳仙 / 缴仙
* 繳伴 / 缴伴
* 繳場 / 缴场
* 繳孍 / 缴𱙔
* 繳官 / 缴官
* 繳岫 / 缴岫
* 繳本 / 缴本
* 繳棍 / 缴棍
* 繳注 / 缴注
* 繳間 / 缴间
* 繳頭 / 缴头
* 繳骹 / 缴骹
* 繳鬼 / 缴鬼
* 贏繳 / 赢缴
* 跋繳 / 跋缴
* 輸繳 / 输缴

### References

* 1 2 劉建仁 (2011 December 31) “博賭•博局（puaʔ⊦-kiauˋ）──賭博”, in 臺灣話的語源與理據‎ (in Chinese), archived from the original on 2019-02-24.
* ↑ 周长楫 [Zhou, Changji], editor (2006), “缴”, in 闽南方言大词典 MINNAN FANGYAN DA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Southern Min dialects] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Fuzhou: 福建人民出版社 [Fujian People's Publishing House], →ISBN, page 305.
* ↑ 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “賭”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎, volume 1 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 246

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しゃく (shaku)、きょう (kyō)、かく (kaku)、ぎゃく (gyaku)
* Kun: かえす (kaesu)

## Korean
### Hanja

繳 • (gyeok) (hangeul 격, revised gyeok, McCune–Reischauer kyŏk, Yale kyek) 繳 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer cak, Yale cak) 繳 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.