# 膺

| 膺 | U+81BA, &#33210; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81BA |
| ← 膹 [U+81B9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 膻 → [U+81BB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

膺 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 戈人土月 (IOGB), four-corner 0022$_7$, composition ⿸䧹月)

#### Derived characters

* 𭬶

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 995, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29928
* Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2118, character 1
* Unihan data for U+81BA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 應 | *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs |
| 鷹 | *qɯŋ |
| 膺 | *qɯŋ |
| 譍 | *qɯŋs |
| 噟 | *qɯŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯŋ): phonetic 𤸰 + semantic 肉 (“body”).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-rəŋ (“chest”). Related to 應 (OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs, “to face, respond”); outside of Sinitic, compare Tibetan བྲང (brang, “chest, breast”), Burmese ရင် (rang, “idem”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīng (ying$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ying
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^1$
*** Yale: yīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^1$
*** Yale: yīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: 'ing
Rime :
| Character | 膺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於陵切 |
| Baxter | 'ing |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔiŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭəŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q](r)əŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 膺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔing › |
| Old Chinese | /*[q](r)əŋ/ |
| English | breast(plate); oppose |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 膺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15348 |
| Phonetic component | 鷹 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 膺 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯŋ/ |

### Definitions

膺
* (literary) breast; chest
    義憤填膺／义愤填膺 ― yìfèntiányīng ― to feel indignant at injustice
* (ancient, of horses) breast strap
* (literary) to undertake; to bear
* (literary) to attack

### Compounds

* 悲憤填膺 / 悲愤填膺
* 憤氣填膺 / 愤气填膺
* 拊膺
* 拊膺切齒 / 拊膺切齿
* 拊膺頓足 / 拊膺顿足
* 拳拳服膺
* 搏膺
* 撫膺 / 抚膺
* 撫膺大慟 / 抚膺大恸
* 服膺 (fúyīng)
* 李膺
* 李膺門 / 李膺门
* 榮膺 / 荣膺
* 榮膺鶚薦 / 荣膺鹗荐
* 氣憤填膺 / 气愤填膺
* 汙膺 / 污膺
* 泣血捶膺
* 激忿填膺
* 義憤填膺 / 义愤填膺 (yìfèntiányīng)
* 膺任
* 膺受
* 膺懲 / 膺惩 (yīngchéng)
* 膺選 / 膺选

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* breast

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): よう (yō)、おう (ō)
* Kun: むね (mune)

#### Compounds

* 服膺(ふくよう) (fukuyō)
** 拳拳服膺(けんけんふくよう) (kenkenfukuyō)
* 膺受(ようじゅ) (yōju)
* 膺懲(ようちょう) (yōchō)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 膺 (MC 'ing). Recorded as Middle Korean 으ᇰ (ung) (Yale: ung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 膺 (eumhun 가슴 응 (gaseum eung))
* hanja form of 응 (“breasts”)

#### Compounds

* 복응 (服膺, bogeung)
* 응징 (膺懲, eungjing)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

膺: Hán Nôm readings: ưng, ứng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.