# trauma
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈtɹɔː.mə/, /ˈtɹaʊ.mə/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈtɹɔ.mə/
** (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈtɹɑ.mə/
* Rhymes: -ɔːmə, -aʊmə

### Noun

trauma (countable and uncountable, plural traumas or traumata)
* Any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.
* An emotional wound leading to psychological injury.
** 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian‎:Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.
* An event that causes great distress.

#### Derived terms

* atelectrauma
* barotrauma
* biotrauma
* dialytrauma
* geotrauma
* macrotrauma
* microtrauma
* monotrauma
* multitrauma
* myotrauma
* neurotrauma
* nontrauma
* oxytrauma
* phonotrauma
* polytrauma
* posttrauma
* psychotrauma
* rape trauma syndrome
* rheotrauma
* suspension trauma
* trauma centre
* traumacore
* trauma dump
* trauma dumping
* trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy
* trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
* trauma focused cognitive behavioural therapy
* traumagenic
* trauma incidence reduction
* trauma-informed
* traumaless
* trauma naked
* trauma plate
* traumascape
* trauma scissors
* trauma shears
* traumatic
* traumatise, traumatize
* traumatism
* traumatology

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: トラウマ

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* “trauma”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* trauma in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “trauma”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Murata, Tamura, matura

## Catalan
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈtɾaw.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈtɾaw.ma]

### Noun

trauma m (plural traumes)
* trauma

#### Derived terms

* traumatitzar

#### Related terms

* traumàtic

### Further reading

* “trauma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “trauma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “trauma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “trauma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtrau̯ma]

### Noun

trauma n
* trauma

#### Related terms

* traumatický
* traumatizovat
* traumatologie

### References

* ↑ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “trauma”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

### Further reading

* “trauma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “trauma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “trauma”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtrɑu̯.maː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: trau‧ma

### Noun

trauma n (plural trauma's or traumata, diminutive traumaatje n)
* trauma

#### Derived terms

* hoofdtrauma
* traumatisch
* traumatiseren
* traumatalogie

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: trauma

## Finnish
### Etymology

< Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtrɑu̯mɑ/, [ˈt̪rɑ̝u̯mɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑumɑ
* Hyphenation: trau‧ma

### Noun

trauma
* trauma

#### Declension

Possessive forms of trauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
traumani
traumani
accusative
nom.
traumani
traumani
gen.
traumani
genitive
traumani
traumojeni traumaini $^{rare}$
partitive
traumaani
traumojani
inessive
traumassani
traumoissani
elative
traumastani
traumoistani
illative
traumaani
traumoihini
adessive
traumallani
traumoillani
ablative
traumaltani
traumoiltani
allative
traumalleni
traumoilleni
essive
traumanani
traumoinani
translative
traumakseni
traumoikseni
abessive
traumattani
traumoittani
instructive
comitative
—traumoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
traumasi
traumasi
accusative
nom.
traumasi
traumasi
gen.
traumasi
genitive
traumasi
traumojesi traumaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
traumaasi
traumojasi
inessive
traumassasi
traumoissasi
elative
traumastasi
traumoistasi
illative
traumaasi
traumoihisi
adessive
traumallasi
traumoillasi
ablative
traumaltasi
traumoiltasi
allative
traumallesi
traumoillesi
essive
traumanasi
traumoinasi
translative
traumaksesi
traumoiksesi
abessive
traumattasi
traumoittasi
instructive
comitative
—traumoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
traumamme
traumamme
accusative
nom.
traumamme
traumamme
gen.
traumamme
genitive
traumamme
traumojemme traumaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
traumaamme
traumojamme
inessive
traumassamme
traumoissamme
elative
traumastamme
traumoistamme
illative
traumaamme
traumoihimme
adessive
traumallamme
traumoillamme
ablative
traumaltamme
traumoiltamme
allative
traumallemme
traumoillemme
essive
traumanamme
traumoinamme
translative
traumaksemme
traumoiksemme
abessive
traumattamme
traumoittamme
instructive
comitative
—traumoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
traumanne
traumanne
accusative
nom.
traumanne
traumanne
gen.
traumanne
genitive
traumanne
traumojenne traumainne $^{rare}$
partitive
traumaanne
traumojanne
inessive
traumassanne
traumoissanne
elative
traumastanne
traumoistanne
illative
traumaanne
traumoihinne
adessive
traumallanne
traumoillanne
ablative
traumaltanne
traumoiltanne
allative
traumallenne
traumoillenne
essive
traumananne
traumoinanne
translative
traumaksenne
traumoiksenne
abessive
traumattanne
traumoittanne
instructive
comitative
—traumoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
traumansa
traumansa
accusative
nom.
traumansa
traumansa
gen.
traumansa
genitive
traumansa
traumojensa traumainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
traumaansa
traumojaan traumojansa
inessive
traumassaan traumassansa
traumoissaan traumoissansa
elative
traumastaan traumastansa
traumoistaan traumoistansa
illative
traumaansa
traumoihinsa
adessive
traumallaan traumallansa
traumoillaan traumoillansa
ablative
traumaltaan traumaltansa
traumoiltaan traumoiltansa
allative
traumalleen traumallensa
traumoilleen traumoillensa
essive
traumanaan traumanansa
traumoinaan traumoinansa
translative
traumakseen traumaksensa
traumoikseen traumoiksensa
abessive
traumattaan traumattansa
traumoittaan traumoittansa
instructive
comitative
—traumoineen traumoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* traumaperäinen

### Further reading

* “trauma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* maarut, murtaa

## French
### Etymology

From the Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʁo.ma/

### Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)
* (medicine) trauma (a localised injury produced by an external action)
* (psychology and psychoanalysis, elliptical use for trauma psychique) psychic trauma
    Synonym: traumatisme psychique

#### Derived terms

* trauma acoustique
* trauma auditif
* trauma parodontal
* trauma psychique
* trauma sonore

### Further reading

* “trauma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

### Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)
* an emotional wound
* (medicine) trauma; serious physical injury

#### Related terms

* traumático
* traumatismo
* traumatizar

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtrau̯ma]
* Hyphenation: trau‧ma

### Noun

trauma
* trauma:
** an event that causes great distress.
** (psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury.
** (surgery) any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.
    Synonym: rudapaksa

#### Related terms

* traumatik
* traumatis
* traumatologi

### Further reading

* “trauma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Interlingua
### Noun

trauma (plural traumas)
* trauma

#### Related terms

* traumatic

## Italian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtraw.ma/
* Rhymes: -awma
* Hyphenation: tràu‧ma

### Noun

trauma m (plural traumi)
* trauma

### Anagrams

* matura, murata, rumata

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtræʉ̯.mɑ/

#### Noun

trauma n (definite singular traumaet, indefinite plural trauma, definite plural traumaa)
* alternative form of traume

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²træʉ̯.mɑ/

#### Noun

trauma n
* definite plural of traume

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtraw.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -awma
* Syllabification: trau‧ma

### Noun

trauma f
* (medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body)
    Synonym: uraz
* (psychology) trauma (emotional wound)

#### Related terms

* traumatologiczny
* traumatyczny
* traumatolog
* traumatologia
* traumatyk
* traumatyzacja
* traumatyzm
* traumatyzować

### Further reading

* trauma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* trauma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.mɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.mɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɾaw.ma/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.ma]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/
* Rhymes: -awmɐ
* Hyphenation: trau‧ma

### Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)
* trauma (emotional wound)
* trauma (event that causes great distress)
* (medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body)
    Synonym: traumatismo

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /trǎuma/
* Hyphenation: tra‧u‧ma

### Noun

tràuma f (Cyrillic spelling тра̀ума)
* trauma

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɾauma/ [ˈt̪ɾau̯.ma]
* Rhymes: -auma
* Syllabification: trau‧ma

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

#### Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)
* (medicine, psychology) trauma
* injury; harm
    Synonym: traumatismo

##### Derived terms

* antitrauma
* traumado
* traumático
* traumatizar

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

trauma
* inflection of traumar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “trauma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* mutara
* mutará

## Swedish
### Noun

trauma n
* a psychological trauma
* (medicine) a physical trauma

#### Related terms

* traumatisera (“traumatize”)
* traumatisk (“traumatic”)

### References

* trauma in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* trauma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* trauma in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)