# 畏

| 畏 | U+754F, &#30031; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-754F |
| ← 畎 [U+754E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 畐 → [U+7550] |

## Translingual
### Han character

畏 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田一女 (WMV), four-corner 6073$_2$, composition ⿳田一⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿱田⿸⿱一𠄌⿺乀丿(HT))

#### Derived characters

* 偎 喂 㙗 㛱 㞇 㟪 愄 揋 渨 猥 隈 𣉍 椳 㱬 煨 腲 碨 䋿 鍡 餵 鰃 鳂
* 𡀧 𤲼 嵔 葨 㾯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 760, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21778
* Dae Jaweon: page 1170, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2532, character 3
* Unihan data for U+754F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 畏 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 煨 | *quːl |
| 偎 | *quːl |
| 隈 | *quːl, *quːls |
| 椳 | *quːl |
| 鰃 | *quːl |
| 渨 | *quːl |
| 葨 | *quːl |
| 揋 | *quːl |
| 猥 | *quːlʔ |
| 嵔 | *quːlʔ, *qulʔ |
| 鍡 | *quːlʔ |
| 碨 | *quːlʔ, *qruːl |
| 腲 | *quːlʔ |
| 餵 | *qrols |
| 畏 | *quls |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意).
In oracle bone script form, this character depicts a ghost 鬼 (guǐ) standing and holding a stick. (Hsiao-ting Li)
The small seal glyph was analysed by Shuo Wen as a ghost head (甶 (fú)) with part of a tiger, including its claw. However, the version on oracle bones is different.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèi (wei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wai$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): vei$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): vi$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): ói
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ùi / ùiⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ui$^3$ / uin$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ue
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$
*** Yale: wèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^3$
*** Yale: wai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: vei$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /vei³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vi
*** Hakka Romanization System: vi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /vi⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: vi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʋi⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̿
*** Sinological IPA : /y³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ói
*** Sinological IPA : /ui²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ùi
*** Tâi-lô: uì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uix
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /ui²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ui¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ùiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: uìnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: vuix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uĩ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ui$^3$ / uin$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ùi / ùiⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /ui²¹³/, /ũĩ²¹³/
* ui3 - literary;
* uin3 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: 'jw+jH
Rime :
| Character | 畏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於胃切 |
| Baxter | 'jw+jH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʉi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔʷɨi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiuəi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔuj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiuəi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭwəi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔwe̯i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔuj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*quls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 畏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjwɨj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔuj-s/ |
| English | fear (v.); threaten |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 畏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12939 |
| Phonetic component | 畏 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尉 |
| Old Chinese | /*quls/ |

### Definitions

畏
* to fear
    Antonym: (Teochew) 𱰸
    畏難／畏难 ― wèinán ― to be afraid of difficulty
    From: Tao Te Ching, 4th century BCE
    Mín bù wèi sǐ, nàihé yǐ sǐ jù zhī? [Pinyin]
    The people do not fear death; to what purpose is it to (try to) frighten them with death?
** 2020, 张维耿, editor, 《客家方言标准音词典》, Guangzhou: 广东人民出版社, →ISBN, page 279:
       gi$^2$ hau$^3$ vi$^4$ hang$^2$ ya$^4$ lu$^4$ [Hakka Transliteration Scheme]
       They are so afraid of walking in the night.
* to respect; to admire
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Hòushēng kě wèi, yān zhī láizhě zhī bùrú jīn yě? [Pinyin]
    A youth is to be regarded with respect. How do we know that his future will not be equal to our present?
* a surname, Wei

#### Synonyms

* (to fear):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 害怕, 怕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 害怕, 怕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 害怕, 發毛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 怕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 怕, 害怕 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 害怕, 怕, 打怵 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 害怕, 怵 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 害怕, 怕 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 驚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 害怕, 怕, 怯火 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 嫌怕, 打怵 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 害怕, 嚇 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 害怕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 嚇不過, 怕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 害怕, 怕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 害怕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 怕 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 慌 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 嚇怕, 怕 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 怕 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 驚, 怕, 慌, 窒 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 驚, 怕, 慌 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 狂 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 好怕 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 驚, 窒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 慌, 怕 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Huancheng) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Nanlang) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Xiaolan) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Henglan) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Dongfeng) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Nantou) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Fusha) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shalang) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Gangkou) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Huangpu) | 慌, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Sanjiao) | 狂, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) | 慌, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Minzhong) | 慌, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Guzhen) | 𢗉 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Banfu) | 慌, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Tanzhou) | 慌, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 𢗉 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 𢗉 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 𢗉 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 慌 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 狂 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 驚, 窒 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 怕, 驚 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 𢗉 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 狂 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 驚 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 驚, 怕 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 驚, 怕 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 怕 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 怕 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 狂 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 狂 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 好狂 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 怕, 驚, 畏 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 驚 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 驚 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 狂 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 驚 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Changting | 怕 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 怕 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 怕 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 嚇 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 怕 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 怕 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 怕 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 怕 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 怕 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 驚 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 狂, 驚 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 怕 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 狂 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 狂 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 狂 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 驚 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 怕, 嚇 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 害怕, 怕 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 著怕, 怕 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 驚, 怕, 怯, 畏 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 驚 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 驚 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 驚 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 驚 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 驚 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang (Huangkeng) | 畏 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 嚇 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 嚇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 驚 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 驚惶 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 嚇 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 驚, 畏 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 驚, 畏 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 驚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 驚 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 驚 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 驚 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 驚 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 驚 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 驚 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 狂, 怕 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 怕, 嚇 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 嚇 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 怕, 嚇 |
| Wu | Danyang | 怕 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 怕, 嚇 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 怕, 嚇 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 光 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 怕, 畏怯 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 怕 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 怕 |

### Compounds

* 不畏 (bùwèi)
* 不畏強禦 / 不畏强御
* 不畏彊禦 / 不畏强御
* 人言可畏 (rényánkěwèi)
* 可畏 (kěwèi)
* 君子三畏
* 善無畏 / 善无畏
* 困畏
* 夏日可畏
* 大無畏 / 大无畏 (dàwúwèi)
* 寅畏 (yínwèi)
* 後生可畏 / 后生可畏 (hòushēngkěwèi)
* 憺畏
* 懷德畏威 / 怀德畏威
* 敬畏 (jìngwèi)
* 望而生畏 (wàng'érshēngwèi)
* 無所畏忌 / 无所畏忌
* 無所畏懼 / 无所畏惧 (wúsuǒwèijù)
* 無畏 / 无畏 (wúwèi)
* 畏兀字
* 畏光 (wèiguāng)
* 畏友 (wèiyǒu)
* 畏天恤民
* 畏天愛民 / 畏天爱民
* 畏天知命
* 畏威懷德 / 畏威怀德
* 畏強凌弱
* 畏影惡跡 / 畏影恶迹
* 畏影而走
* 畏忌
* 畏怯 (wèiqiè)
* 畏懼 / 畏惧 (wèijù)
* 畏服 (wèifú)
* 畏死貪生 / 畏死贪生
* 畏畏縮縮 / 畏畏缩缩 (wèiwèisuōsuō)
* 畏縮 / 畏缩 (wèisuō)
* 畏縮不前 / 畏缩不前 (wèisuōbùqián)
* 畏罪 (wèizuì)
* 畏罪潛逃 / 畏罪潜逃
* 畏罪自殺 / 畏罪自杀
* 畏葸 (wèixǐ)
* 畏葸不前 (wèixǐbùqián)
* 畏途 (wèitú)
* 畏避 (wèibì)
* 畏難 / 畏难 (wèinán)
* 畏難苟安 / 畏难苟安 (wèinángǒu'ān)
* 畏頭畏尾 / 畏头畏尾
* 畏首畏尾 (wèishǒuwèiwěi)
* 視人畏傷 / 视人畏伤
* 視為畏途 / 视为畏途 (shìwéiwèitú)
* 貪生畏死 / 贪生畏死

### References

* “畏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02639

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* fear, dread, apprehension
* awe, majesty, reverence

#### Readings

* Go-on: え (e)
* Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)
* Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 畏れる, Jōyō)、かしこし (kashikoshi, 畏し)、かしこまる (kashikomaru, 畏まる)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 畏
* い Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 畏 (MC 'jw+jH).
The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.

#### Affix

畏(い) • (i)
* fear
* respect

#### Derived terms

* 畏(い)怖(ふ) (ifu): fear, awe, fright
* 敬(けい)畏(い) (keī): reverence, holding in awe, fear

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 畏
* かしこ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 畏 – see the following entry. :
| 【かしこ】 | [interjection] used by women at the end of letters: yours, sincerely Alternative spellings 恐, 賢 |
(This term, 畏, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

畏 (eum 외 (oe))
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## Vietnamese
### Han character

畏: Hán Nôm readings: úy/uý, hoáy, hoay
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