# 括弧
## Chinese

* 括弧 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 括弧 (Cantonese)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuòhú, guāhú
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨˊ, ㄍㄨㄚ ㄏㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kut$^3$ wu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): koat-fù
    (Hailu, HRS): guad fu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kuah$^6$ hou$^2$ / kuoh$^6$ hou$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koat-hô͘ / khoat-hô͘ / koat-ô͘
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$kuaq-wu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuòhú
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuòhú
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuo$^4$-hu$^2$
*** Yale: kwò-hú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuohhwu
*** Palladius: коху (koxu)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ xu³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuòhúr
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuòhúr
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuo$^4$-hu$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: kwò-húr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuohhwul
*** Palladius: кохур (koxur)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ xuɻʷ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guāhú
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ ㄏㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guahú
*** Wade–Giles: kua$^1$-hu$^2$
*** Yale: gwā-hú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guahwu
*** Palladius: гуаху (guaxu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ä⁵⁵ xu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kut$^3$ wu$^4$
*** Yale: kut wùh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kut$^8$ wu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kud$^3$ wu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuːt̚³ wuː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koat-fù
*** Hakka Romanization System: guad$^ˋ$ fu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: guad$^5$ fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku̯at̚² fu¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: guad fu
*** Sinological IPA: /kuat⁵⁻² fu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kuah$^6$ hou$^2$ [Phonetic: kuah$^7$ hou$^2$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kuah-hó
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuaʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ hɔu¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kuoh$^6$ hou$^2$ [Phonetic: kuoh$^7$ hou$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuoʔ²⁻²⁴ hɔu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat-hô͘
*** Tâi-lô: kuat-hôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koathoo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuat̚³²⁻⁴ hɔ²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuat̚³²⁻⁵ hɔ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kuat̚³²⁻⁴ hɔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoat-hô͘
*** Tâi-lô: khuat-hôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoathoo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuat̚⁵⁻²⁴ hɔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat-ô͘
*** Tâi-lô: kuat-ôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koat'oo
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuat̚³²⁻⁵ ɔ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuat̚³²⁻⁴ ɔ²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$kuaq-wu
*** MiniDict: kuah$^入$ wu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$kuaq-hhu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kuaʔ³³ ɦu⁴⁴/

### Noun

括弧
* brackets; parentheses
** round brackets ("(" and ")")
** brackets in general (any of "(", ")", "[", "]", "{", "}", "<" and ">")
    From: 1956, 漢字簡化方案 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme, section 1
    Zhège biǎo lǐ yǒu 230 gè jiǎnhuàzì, àn zhùyīn zìmǔ yīnxù páiliè. Kuòhú lǐbiān de zì shì yuánlái de fántǐzì. [Pinyin]
    This list includes 230 simplified characters organized in bopomofo order. The characters in parentheses are the original traditional characters.
* (rare) quotation mark (「 」, 『 』, “ ”, ‘ ’); quotes
    Synonym: 引號 / 引号 (yǐnhào)

#### Synonyms

* (brackets):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 括號, 括弧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 括號兒, 括弧兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 括號, 括弧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 括號, 括弧 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 括弧, 括號 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 括弧, 括號 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 括號 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 括號, 括弧 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 括號, 括弧 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 括號, 括弧 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 括號 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 括號, 括弧 |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 括 | 弧 |
| かつ > かっ Grade: S | こ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かっこ [káꜜkkò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠k̚ko̞]

### Noun

括(かっ)弧(こ) • (kakko)
* a parenthesis; a bracket (either of a pair of brackets ( ))
* (by extension) a bracket (generically any of "(", ")", "[", "]", "{", "}", "<" and ">")

#### Synonyms

* (parenthesis): 丸(まる)括(かっ)弧(こ) (marukakko); パーレン (pāren)

#### Derived terms

* 終(お)わり括(かっ)弧(こ) (owarikakko)
* 鉤(かぎ)括(かっ)弧(こ) (kagikakko)
* 角(かく)括(かっ)弧(こ) (kakukakko)
* 括(かっ)弧(こ)閉(と)じ (kakkotoji)
* 括(かっ)弧(こ)開(ひら)き (kakkohiraki)
* 亀(きっ)甲(こう)括(かっ)弧(こ) (kikkōkakko)
* 白(しろ)括(かっ)弧(こ) (shirokakko)
* 隅(すみ)付(つ)き括(かっ)弧(こ) (sumitsukikakko)
* 大(だい)括(かっ)弧(こ) (daikakko)
* 縦(たて)括(かっ)弧(こ) (tatekakko)
* 中(ちゅう)括(かっ)弧(こ) (chūkakko)
* 波(なみ)括(かっ)弧(こ) (namikakko)
* 始(はじ)め括(かっ)弧(こ) (hajimekakko)
* 左(ひだり)括(かっ)弧(こ) (hidarikakko)
* 丸(まる)括(かっ)弧(こ) (marukakko)
* 右(みぎ)括(かっ)弧(こ) (migikakko)
* 山(やま)括(かっ)弧(こ) (yamakakko)
* 横(よこ)括(かっ)弧(こ) (yokokakko)

### Verb

括(かっ)弧(こ) • (kakko)
* to put in parentheses

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 括弧し | かっこし | kakko shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 括弧し | かっこし | kakko shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 括弧する | かっこする | kakko suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 括弧する | かっこする | kakko suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 括弧すれ | かっこすれ | kakko sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 括弧せよ¹ 括弧しろ² | かっこせよ¹ かっこしろ² | kakko seyo¹ kakko shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 括弧される | かっこされる | kakko sareru |
| Causative | 括弧させる 括弧さす | かっこさせる かっこさす | kakko saseru kakko sasu |
| Potential | 括弧できる | かっこできる | kakko dekiru |
| Volitional | 括弧しよう | かっこしよう | kakko shiyō |
| Negative | 括弧しない | かっこしない | kakko shinai |
| Negative continuative | 括弧せず | かっこせず | kakko sezu |
| Formal | 括弧します | かっこします | kakko shimasu |
| Perfective | 括弧した | かっこした | kakko shita |
| Conjunctive | 括弧して | かっこして | kakko shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 括弧すれば | かっこすれば | kakko sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 括 | 弧 |

### Noun

括弧 • (gwalho) (hangeul 괄호)
* hanja form of 괄호 (“parenthesis; (round) bracket”)