# pupil
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpjuːpəl/
* Hyphenation: pu‧pil
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːpəl
* Homophone: pupal

### Etymology 1

From Middle English pupille, from Anglo-Norman pupille (“orphan”), from Latin pūpillus (“orphan, minor”), variant of pūpulus (“little boy”), from pūpus (“child, boy”).

#### Noun

pupil (plural pupils)
* (dated outside UK) A learner at a school under the supervision of a teacher.
** 1668 December 19, James Dalrymple, “Mr. Alexander Seaton contra Menzies” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 575
    The Pupil after his Pupillarity, had granted a Diſcharge to one of the Co-tutors, which did extinguiſh the whole Debt of that Co-tutor, and conſequently of all the reſt, they being all correi debendi, lyable by one individual Obligation, which cannot be Diſcharged as to one, and ſtand as to all the reſt.
** 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 269, about a school in Lower Peover:The bell which called the pupils to their lessons can still be seen on the roof.
** 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.
* One who studies under supervision of a renowned expert in their field.
    Plato was Socrates' pupil, and in turn Aristotle was Plato's pupil.
* (law, obsolete) An orphan who is a minor and under the protection of the state.

##### Usage notes

* A pupil is typically a young person, such as a schoolchild. Older learners, e.g. at university, are generally called students.

##### Derived terms

* day pupil
* pupil premium

##### See also

* learnling

### Etymology 2

From Middle English pupille, from Old French pupille, from Latin pūpilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”), named because of the small reflected image seen when looking into someone's eye.

#### Noun

pupil (plural pupils)
* (anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.
** 1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 29:There are sharks with round pupils, sharks with slitlike pupils, and some with pupils that expand and contract with the amount of light available. As unimpressive as this might sound to people who are used to having their pupils dilate and contract regularly, realize that no bony fish has this modification of the eye.
* (zoology) The central dark part of an ocellated spot.

##### Derived terms

* Adie's pupil
* Adie's tonic pupil
* Argyll Robertson pupil
* AR pupil
* blown pupil
* Marcus Gunn pupil
* prostitute's pupil
* pupilar
* pupilary
* pupillary

##### Translations

Afrikaans: pupil
Albanian: bebe (sq) f
Amis: 'emamosa
Arabic: حَدَقَة f (ḥadaqa), بُؤْبُؤ m (buʔbuʔ), إنْسَان العَيْن m (ʔinsān al-ʕayn)
Egyptian: نني (ninni)
Hijazi Arabic: بُؤبُؤ m (buʔbuʔ)
Armenian: բիբ (hy) (bib)
Avar: ясбер (jasber)
Azerbaijani: bəbək (az)
Basque: begi-nini
Belarusian: зрэ́нка f (zrénka), зяні́ца f (zjaníca)
Bengali: পিউপিল (piupil)
Bulgarian: зени́ца f (zeníca)
Catalan: pupil·la (ca) f
Chinese:
Cantonese: 瞳孔 (tung$^4$ hung$^2$)
Dungan: нянжынзы (ni͡anřɨnzɨ)
Mandarin: 瞳孔 (zh) (tóngkǒng), 瞳子 (zh) (tóngzi)
Chuvash: куҫ шӑрҫи (kuś šărś̬i)
Czech: zornice f
Danish: pupil (da) c
Dutch: pupil (nl) m or f
Early Modern Korean: 눈엣동자 (nwuneystwongca)
Egyptian: (ḏfḏ m), (ḥwnt jmt jrt)
Esperanto: pupilo (eo)
Estonian: silmaava
Faroese: sjónop n
Finnish: pupilli (fi), silmäterä (fi), mustuainen (fi)
French: pupille (fr) f, prunelle (fr) f
Georgian: გუგა (guga)
German: Pupille (de) f (usual); Sehloch (de) n (rare); das Schwarze im Auge (colloquial; sometimes including the iris)
Greek: κόρη (el) f (kóri)
Ancient: κόρη f (kórē)
Guaraní: tesa'ÿi
Gujarati: કીકી (kīkī)
Hanunoo: alintawo
Hebrew: אִישׁוֹן (he) m (ishón)
Hindi: तारा (hi) m (tārā)
Hungarian: pupilla (hu)
Ingrian: silmäterä, ruskulain
Irish: mac imrisc m
Italian: pupilla (it) f
Japanese: 瞳 (ja) (ひとみ, hitomi), 瞳孔 (ja) (どうこう, dōkō)
Jeju: 눈동ᄌᆞ (nundongjaw), 눈공ᄌᆞ (nun'gongjaw)
Kalmyk: цецгә (tsetsgä)
Kazakh: қарашық (qaraşyq)
Khmer: អក្សិតារា (akse’ taaraa), ចក្ខុបសាទ (cakkʰo’ pa’saat), កូនក្រមុំភ្នែក (koon krɑmum pnɛɛk)
Korean: 눈동자 (ko) (nundongja)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: bîbik (ku)
Kyrgyz: карек (karek)
Latin: pūpilla f, cora f
Latvian: zīlīte f
Lithuanian: vyzdys m
Macedonian: зеница f (zenica), црнка f (crnka)
Malay:
Jawi: انق مات, ڤوڤيل
Rumi: anak mata (ms), pupil
Malayalam: കൃഷ്ണമണി (ml) (kr̥ṣṇamaṇi)
Maori: whatupango, whatu, karupango
Middle Korean: 누ᇇ부텨 (nwunspwuthye)
Mongolian: хүүхэн хараа (xüüxen xaraa)
Navajo: anázhiin ałníiʼdiígíí
Nepali: आँखाको नानी (ā̃khāko nānī)
Norman: preunelle dé l'yi f
Norwegian: pupill (no) m
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: зѣница f (zěnica)
Old East Slavic: зѣница f (zěnica)
Old English: sēo f
Ottoman Turkish: گوز ببكی (göz bebeği), مردمك (merdümek), حدقه (hadeka)
Persian: مردمک (fa) (mardomak)
Polish: źrenica (pl) f
Portuguese: pupila (pt) f, menina (pt) f, menina do olho f (poetic or literary)
Punjabi: ਪੁਤਲੀ f (putlī)
Romanian: pupilă (ro) f
Russian: зрачо́к (ru) m (zračók), зени́ца (ru) f (zeníca)
Sanskrit: कनीनिका (sa) f (kanīnikā), तारा (sa) f (tārā)
Scottish Gaelic: clach na sùla f, dubh (gd) m
Serbo-Croatian: zjènica (sh) f, zenica (sh) f, zjȅna (sh) f, zȅna f
Slovak: zrenica f, zornica f
Slovene: zenica (sl) f
Spanish: pupila (es) f
Swahili: mboni (sw)
Swedish: pupill (sv) c, ögonsten (sv) c
Tagalog: inla, balintatao, balintataw
Tajik: гавҳарак (gavharak), мардумак (mardumak), ангурак (angurak)
Tarifit: amummu m
Tatar: күз карасы (tt) (küz qarası)
Thai: รูม่านตา (ruu-mâan-dtaa)
Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
Tooro: emboni class 9
Turkish: gözbebeği (tr)
Ukrainian: зіни́ця f (zinýcja), зі́нка f (zínka)
Uzbek: koʻz qorasi, qorachiq (uz)
Vietnamese: ngươi (vi), đồng tử (vi)
Volapük: püpil (vo)
Welsh: cannwyll llygad f
White Hmong: ntsiab muag
Yiddish: אַפּל m (apl), פּופּילע (pupile), שוואַרצאַפּל (shvartsapl), אויגנשוואַרצל (oygnshvartsl), אויגנאַפּל (oygnapl), אויגאַפּל (oygapl), שוואַרצל (shvartsl), קליין מענטשעלע (kleyn mentshele), קליין־מענטשעלע (kleyn-mentshele)
Yoruba: ọmọlójú
Zhuang: lwgbaed
Zulu: inhlamvu yeso class 9/10 :

### Further reading

* Pupil in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

### Anagrams

* pipul

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pūpillus. Doublet of pubill.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [puˈpil]

### Noun

pupil m (plural pupils, feminine pupil·la)
* orphan
    Synonym: orfe

### Further reading

* “pupil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “pupil”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “pupil” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “pupil” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Danish
### Etymology

From Latin pūpilla (“little girl”), diminutive of pūpa (“girl”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pupil/, [pʰuˈpʰilˀ]

### Noun

pupil c (singular definite pupillen, plural indefinite pupiller)
* pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)

#### Declension
### References

* “pupil” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pyˈpɪl/
* Hyphenation: pu‧pil
* Rhymes: -ɪl

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch pupille, from Old French pupille, from Latin pūpilla.

#### Noun

pupil f (plural pupillen, diminutive pupilletje n)
* pupil (aperture of the eye)
    Synonym: oogappel

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle French pupille, from Latin pūpillus.

#### Noun

pupil m (plural pupillen, diminutive pupilletje n)
* (chiefly sports) minor, generally a prepubescent child over the age of 5
* favoured student, protégé
* institutionalised pupil (one who receives an upbringing or education in an institution)
* (archaic) orphan
    Synonym: wees

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from English pupil, from Middle French pupille, from Latin pūpilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”).

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /pupel/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /pupɪl/
* Rhymes: -upel, -pel, -el

### Noun

pupil (Jawi spelling ڤوڤيل, plural pupil-pupil, informal 1st possessive pupilku, 2nd possessive pupilmu, 3rd possessive pupilnya)
* (anatomy) pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)

#### Synonyms

* anak mata / انق مات

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French pupille.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpu.pil/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -upil
* Syllabification: pu‧pil

### Noun

pupil m pers (female equivalent pupilka, diminutive pupilek, related adjective pupilarny)
* favorite son, favored student, protégé, teacher's pet (student who is perceived to be favored by the teacher)
    Synonym: beniaminek
    Hypernym: faworyt
* (archaic, education) pupil (learner at a school under the supervision of a teacher)

#### Declension
### Noun

pupil m animal (female equivalent pupilka)
* pet (animal kept as a companion)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* pupil in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pupil in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French pupille, from Latin pupillus.

### Noun

pupil m (plural pupili)
* pupil