OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# the man
## English
### Alternative forms

* the Man, da man

### Etymology

Originally from US English.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

the man (singular only)
* The oppressive powers that be, including the government and corporations; the system, as coordinated outside of one's control.
    The man gets you down.
    I'm sorry I couldn’t meet you earlier, but I spent all night working for the man.
** 1966 December, Stephen Stills, “For What It's Worth”‎performed by Buffalo Springfield:It starts when you're always afraid / Step out of line, the man come and take you away
** 1968, Nathan C. Heard, Howard Street, New York: The New American Library, pages 22–23:“Bitch, shut up that noise!” Cowboy hissed hotly from somewhere in the darkness ahead of her. “You wanna bring the man down on me or somethin’? […] ”
** 1969, John Fogerty (lyrics and music), “Proud Mary”, in Bayou Country, performed by Creedence Clearwater Revival:Left a good job in the city / Workin' for the man every night and day
** 1981, Men at Work, “Who Can It Be Now?”, in Business as Usual:Is it the man come to take me away? Why do they follow me?
** 1996, “Hooker with a Penis”, performed by Tool:And in between sips of Coke / He told me that he thought we were sellin' out / Layin' down, suckin' up to the man / Well now I've got some / Advice for you, little buddy / Before you point the finger / You should know that I'm the man / I'm the man and you're the man / And he's the man as well
** 2023 September 5, Arwa Mahdawi, “Why all the Burning Man schadenfreude? Where do I start ...”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:[…] once people such as Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk show up to your party, there is no longer anything countercultural about it. You are not rebelling against the man. You are the man.
* An oppressive or domineering person of authority, usually male; especially, one's boss.
    Near-synonym: old man
* The best man for a job; someone with exceptional skills.
    You’re the man!
** 1989, Spike Lee, Do the Right Thing:Buggin' Out: You the man. Mookie: No, you the man. Buggin' Out: No, I'm just a struggling Black man trying to keep my dick hard in a cruel and harsh world.
** 2004 January 31, George Kimball, “Super Bowl XXXVIII: Rags-to-riches story for Carolina Panthers quarter-back Delhomme”, in The Guardian‎:[Jake Delhomme] has been “The Man” ever since, leading the Panthers to a remarkable eight come-from-behind wins in what Fox describes as Carolina's “outhouse-to-penthouse” season.

#### Derived terms

* stick it to the man

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “man n.”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present

### Anagrams

* Hemant, Manthe, anthem, hetman, mentha, nameth
# toogtyve
## Danish
### Numeral

toogtyve
* twenty-two
# fireogtyve
## Danish
### Numeral

fireogtyve
* twenty-four
# seksogtyve
## Danish
### Numeral

seksogtyve
* twenty-six
# niogtyve
## Danish
### Numeral

niogtyve
* twenty-nine
# rastrum
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin rāstrum (“rake”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɹæstɹəm/, /ˈɹɑːstɹəm/

### Noun

rastrum (plural rastrums)
* A five-pointed writing implement used to draw parallel lines of a staff in sheet music.

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* rāster m

### Etymology

From rād(ō) (“I scrape”) +‎ -trum. Compare with rādula and rallum.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈraːs.trum/, [ˈräːs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈras.trum/, [ˈräst̪rum]

### Noun

rāstrum n (genitive rāstrī); second declension
* (usually in the plural) rake, hoe, mattock

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter or otherwise).
* The plural can be either masculine (as if from rāster, a form that is unattested in Classical Latin but occurs in later glosses) or neuter.

#### Derived terms

* rāstellus
* rāstrārius

#### Related terms

* rādō

#### Descendants

* Catalan: rastre
* Galician: rastro
* Italian: rastro
* Portuguese: rasto, rastro (chiefly Brazil)
* Romanian: rastru
* Spanish: rastro
* → German: Raster
* → Russian: растр (rastr)

### Noun

rāstrum
* accusative singular of rāster

### References

* “rastrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “rastrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "rastrum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* rastrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “rastrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “rastrum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “rastrum”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
# rodere
## Italian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin rōdere, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈro.de.re/
* Rhymes: -odere
* Hyphenation: ró‧de‧re
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

ródere (first-person singular present ródo, first-person singular past historic rósi, past participle róso, auxiliary avére)
* (transitive) to gnaw
    Synonyms: tritare, sgretolare, rosicchiare, rosicare, brucare, scarnire
* (transitive, also figurative) to corrode
    Synonyms: logorare, consumare, corrodere, erodere, forare, intaccare, smangiare
* (ambitransitive) to anger or irritate [auxiliary avere]
    Synonyms: consumare, limare
    lo rodeva la gelosiathe jealousy irritated him
    gli rode non essere stato invitatoit angers him that he wasn't invited
* (transitive, literary or humorous) to eat in small bites
    Synonyms: sgranocchiare, mangiare

#### Related terms

* rodibile
* roditore
* roditura
* rosicanti
* rosicare
* rosicchiare
* roso

## Latin
### Verb

rōdēre
* second-person singular future passive indicative of rōdō

### Verb

rōdere
* inflection of rōdō:
** present active infinitive
** second-person singular present passive imperative/indicative
# arara
## English
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

arara (plural araras)
* The palm cockatoo, native to Australia and the Malay Archipelago (Probosciger aterrimus).

### References

* “arara”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈarara]

### Noun

arara m anim
* parrot from a genus Rhynchopsitta

#### Declension
## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *arar, from Proto-Tupian *arat. Doublet of ará.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aˈɾa.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -aɾa
* Hyphenation: a‧ra‧ra

### Noun

arara (unpossessable)
* macaw
    Synonym: ará

#### Related terms

* ararakanga
* araruna
* Ararusuaîa
* araryba
* araso'iá
* marakanãarara

#### Descendants

* Nheengatu: arara
* → Portuguese: arara

### References

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “arara”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 59, column 2

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈɾa.ɾɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /aˈɾa.ɾɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /aˈɾa.ɾa/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐˈɾa.ɾɐ/
* Rhymes: -aɾɐ
* Hyphenation: a‧ra‧ra

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Tupi arara.

#### Noun

arara f (plural araras)
* macaw
    Synonym: ará
* clothes rack

##### Derived terms

* arara-azul
* arara-canindé
* arara-de-santa-cruz
* arara-militar
* arara-vermelha
* ararinha
* pau de arara

##### Related terms

* araracanga
* ararapiranga

##### Descendants

* >? Saramaccan: alála

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

arara
* first/third-person singular pluperfect indicative of arar

### Further reading

* “arara”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
* “arara”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
* “arara” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “arara”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “arara”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “arara”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈɾaɾa/ [aˈɾa.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -aɾa
* Syllabification: a‧ra‧ra

### Verb

arara
* first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of arar

## Yoruba
### Alternative forms

* ràrá

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ɾà.ɾá/

### Noun

aràrá
* (somewhat derogatory) dwarf

#### Coordinate terms

* òmìrán (“giant”)
# afremdung
## Old English
### Etymology

From āfremdan +‎ -ung; compare German Entfremdung.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑːˈfrem.dunɡ/, [ɑːˈfrem.duŋɡ]

### Noun

āfremdung f
* alienation

#### Declension

Strong ō-stem:

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “āfremdung”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# petiso
## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peˈtiso/ [peˈt̪i.s̺ʊ]
* Rhymes: -iso
* Hyphenation: pe‧ti‧so

### Adjective

petiso (feminine petisa, masculine plural petisos, feminine plural petisas)
* small, little
    Synonym: pequeno

### Further reading

* “petiso” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Spanish
### Alt forms

petizo

### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese petiço.

### Adjective

petiso (feminine petisa, masculine plural petisos, feminine plural petisas)
* (Colombia, Andes, Cono Sur, of a person) short
* (Bolivia, Rioplatense) low

### Noun

petiso m (plural petisos, feminine petisa, feminine plural petisas)
* (Colombia, Andes, Cono Sur) shorty (short person)
* (Andes) young child

### Noun

petiso m or f by sense (plural petisos)
* (Bolivia, Cono Sur) short horse

### Further reading

* “petiso”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Tetradite
## English
### Etymology

From tetrad +‎ -ite.

### Noun

Tetradite (plural Tetradites)
* Archaic spelling of tetratheist.

### Anagrams

* tertiated
# menjarah
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From meng- +‎ jarah.

### Verb

menjarah (transitive)
* to loot

### Further reading

* “menjarah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# pijotero
## Spanish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Adjective

pijotero (feminine pijotera, masculine plural pijoteros, feminine plural pijoteras)
* (colloquial, Spain) annoying
* (colloquial, Dominican Republic, Paraguay, Rioplatense) stingy

### Further reading

* “pijotero”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# Московія
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɐˈskovʲɪjə]
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Моско́вія • (Moskóvija) f inan (genitive Моско́віи, nominative plural Моско́віи, genitive plural Моско́вій)
* Pre-1918 spelling of Московия (Moskovija).

#### Declension
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Москва (Moskva) +‎ -ія (-ija)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɔˈskɔʋʲijɐ]

### Proper noun

Моско́вія • (Moskóvija) f inan (genitive Моско́вії, uncountable)
* (historical) Muscovy (Grand Duchy of Moscow)
* (chiefly derogatory) Russia

#### Usage notes

* The sense of "Russia" for this word possibly refers to the original smaller size of Moscovy (compared to modern Russia), younger history and the name, also implying that the names Russia and Rus were allegedly usurped by Moscow.

#### Related terms

* моско́вець m (moskóvecʹ), моска́ль m (moskálʹ)
# socky
## English
### Adjective

socky (comparative more socky, superlative most socky)
* (informal) socklike
# chapman
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English chapman, chepman, from Old English ċēapmann (“dealer, merchant”), from Proto-West Germanic *kaupamann, equivalent to cheap (noun) +‎ man. Cognate with synonymous West Frisian keapman, Dutch koopman, German Low German Koopmann, German Kaufmann, Swedish köpman.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃæpmən/

### Noun

chapman (plural chapmen)
* (obsolete) A dealer or merchant, especially an itinerant one.
    Synonyms: cheapjack (cognate), peddler
** c. 1610, Ben Jonson, The Alchemist, act 3:Done. They are gone: the sum is here in bank, my Face. I would we knew another chapman now would buy 'em outright.
** 1790, Robert Burns, Tam o' Shanter‎:When chapmen billies leave the street, / And drouthy neibors, neibors meet, / As market days are wearing late, / An' folk begin to tak the gate
* (obsolete) A purchaser.

#### Derived terms

* chap, shortened form (16th century)
* chapmanhood
* chapmanship

#### Related terms

* chapbook

### Further reading

* “chapman”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* chapman (occupation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* capman, chepman, chipman, schapman, schipman, shapmann
* chapmon, chæpmon, chepmon (Early Middle English)
* chappmann (Ormulum)

### Etymology

From Old English ċēapmann, from Proto-West Germanic *kaupamann; equivalent to chep (“price”) +‎ man (“man”).
Forms in /i/ may be from the Old English variant ċȳpman, presumably influenced by the verb ċīepan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃapman/, /ˈt͡ʃɛpman/, /ˈt͡ʃipman/, (West Midlands) /-mɔn/

### Noun

chapman (plural chapmen)
* A merchant; a seller of goods.
* (figuratively) A negotiator or dealer.
* (by extension) A purchaser of goods.

#### Descendants

* English: chapman
** ⇒ English: chap
*** Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)
* Scots: chapman

#### References

* “chap-man, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Scots
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English chapman, from Old English cēapmann (“dealer”) (cognate with synonymous German Kaufmann), from cēap (“barter, business, dealing”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʃapman/

### Noun

chapman (plural chapmen)
* packman, pedlar
** 1790, Robert Burns, Tam o' Shanter:When chapman billies leave the street, / And drouthy neibors, neibors, meet(please add an English translation of this quotation)
# ურთიერთობები
## Georgian
### Noun

ურთიერთობები • (urtiertobebi)
* nominative plural of ურთიერთობა (urtiertoba)
# ptice
## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

ptice (Cyrillic spelling птице)
* inflection of ptica:
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural
** genitive singular
# pticu
## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

pticu (Cyrillic spelling птицу)
* accusative singular of ptica
# true anomaly
## English
### Noun

true anomaly (countable and uncountable, plural true anomalies)
* (astronomy, celestial mechanics) The angle PFC formed by P = the periapsis of a celestial body's elliptical orbit, F = the focus of that orbit, and C = the current position of the celestial body.

#### Related terms

* eccentric anomaly
* mean anomaly
# κουφολογία
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From κουφολόγος (kouphológos) +‎ -ία (-ía).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuː.pʰo.lo.ɡí.aː/ → /ku.ɸo.loˈʝi.a/ → /ku.fo.loˈʝi.a/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /kuː.pʰo.lo.ɡí.aː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ku.pʰo.loˈɡi.a/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ku.ɸo.loˈʝi.a/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ku.fo.loˈʝi.a/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ku.fo.loˈʝi.a/

### Noun

κουφολογῐ́ᾱ • (kouphologĭ́ā) f (genitive κουφολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension
* light talking, light talk
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 4.28:τοῖς δὲ Ἀθηναίοις ἐνέπεσε μέν τι καὶ γέλωτος τῇ κουφολογίᾳ αὐτοῦ, ἀσμένοις δʼ ὅμως ἐγίγνετο τοῖς σώφροσι τῶν ἀνθρώπων, λογιζομένοις δυοῖν ἀγαθοῖν τοῦ ἑτέρου τεύξεσθαι, ἢ Κλέωνος ἀπαλλαγήσεσθαι, ὃ μᾶλλον ἤλπιζον, ἢ σφαλεῖσι γνώμης Λακεδαιμονίους σφίσι χειρώσεσθαι.toîs dè Athēnaíois enépese mén ti kaì gélōtos têi kouphologíāi autoû, asménois d hómōs egígneto toîs sṓphrosi tôn anthrṓpōn, logizoménois duoîn agathoîn toû hetérou teúxesthai, ḕ Kléōnos apallagḗsesthai, hò mâllon ḗlpizon, ḕ sphaleîsi gnṓmēs Lakedaimoníous sphísi kheirṓsesthai.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 95 CE – 165 CE, Appian, The Wars in Spain 38:οἵ τε φθονοῦντες αὐτῷ τὴν πάλαι κουφολογίαν ὡμολόγουν ἐς ἔργον ἀποβῆναι.hoí te phthonoûntes autôi tḕn pálai kouphologían hōmológoun es érgon apobênai.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension
### Related terms

* κουφολογέω (kouphologéō)

### References

* “κουφολογία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κουφολογία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* κουφολογία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* κουφολογία, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# orientedness
## English
### Etymology

From oriented +‎ -ness.

### Noun

orientedness (uncountable)
* The state or condition of being oriented; an orientation.
** 2001, Bernard E. Harcourt, Illusion of Order:According to Banfield, it is precisely the norm of present-orientedness […] that gives rise to crime and delinquency, poverty and squalor, broken families and illegitimacy.

#### Usage notes

Generally used to form compounds, as in goal-orientedness.

#### Related terms

* task-orientedness
# chlístat
## Czech
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈxliːstat]

### Verb

chlístat impf
* to gush, to spurt
    Synonyms: tryskat, stříkat
    Chlístali na sebe vodu. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
** 1931, Vladislav Vančura, Markéta Lazarová:Tu sesedl zbojník z koně a vzápětí se počala váda, z níž chlístá krev.Then, the bandit dismounted from the horse and immediatelly a quarrelt strted from which blood gushes.

#### Conjugation

infinitive
chlístat, chlístati
active adjective
chlístající
verbal noun
chlístání
passive adjective
present formsindicativeimperative
singularpluralsingularplural
1st person
chlístámchlístáme—chlístejme
2nd person
chlístášchlístátechlístejchlístejte
3rd person
chlístáchlístají——
The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive chlístat.
participlespast participlespassive participles
singularpluralsingularplural
masculine animate
chlístalchlístali——
masculine inanimate
chlístaly—
feminine
chlístala—
neuter
chlístalochlístala——
transgressives
present
past
masculine singular
chlístaje—
feminine + neuter singular
chlístajíc—
plural
chlístajíce— :

### Further reading

* “chlístati”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “chlístati”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “chlístat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# grazeable
## English
### Alternative forms

* grazable

### Etymology

From graze +‎ -able.

### Adjective

grazeable (not comparable)
* (of land) Suitable for grazing animals.

#### Derived terms

* ungrazeable
# betulla
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin betulla, diminutive of Gaulish *betua, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-.
Compare Portuguese bétula, Spanish abedul, Catalan bedoll, French bouleau.

### Noun

betulla f (plural betulle)
* birch

### Further reading

* betulla in internazionale.it – Dizionario Italiano di Internazionale – Il Nuovo di Mauro
* betulla in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* betūla? (Medieval Latin)
* betula (medieval?, early New Latin)

### Etymology

From Gaulish *bitu, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā, *betu, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu-yo-s, *gʷetw-iyo-s, from *gʷet-.
Compare Welsh bedwen. See also Latin bitūmen (“tar”), which was instead borrowed through another Italic language.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /beˈtul.la/, [bɛˈt̪ʊlːʲä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /beˈtul.la/, [beˈt̪ulːä]

### Noun

betulla f (genitive betullae); first declension
* birch tree

#### Notes

* The form betula as meaning "birch tree" appears to have been discarded from antique lexicography altogether since the 20th century, as it does not appear in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, nor in the Oxford Latin Dictionary. However, betula was common in early New Latin.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* betulus

#### Descendants

* Balkano-Romance:
** Romanian: betulă
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: betulla, betula (regional)
* Gallo-Italic:
** Lombard: bedola, bedoia, bèula
    Alpine: bedora, bedra
    Ossolano: bèula
** Piedmontese: biola, bola, bèula
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: biôla, bêla
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Gascon: bedora
** Vivaro-Alpine: bèula (Valadas)
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: abetocha
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betullus
** Gallo-Italic:
*** Emilian: bedul
*** Lombard: bedoi, bedogn
** Northern Gallo-Romance:
*** Old French: beoule, boul, bououle
**** Champenois: boulin
**** Franc-Comtois: boulât
**** ⇒ French: bouleau
** Southern Gallo-Romance:
*** Catalan: bedoll
*** Gascon: bedoth, betoth
** Ibero-Romance:
*** Aragonese: abetoch
* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betūlus
** Ibero-Romance:
*** Galician: bido, ⇒ bidueiro
*** Portuguese: vido, ⇒ vidoeiro
*** Spanish: abedul
* Borrowings:
** → Portuguese: bétula
** → Translingual: Betula

### References

* “betulla”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
* ↑ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 326
# muklajās
## Latvian
### Adjective

muklajās
* definite locative feminine plural of mukls
# ilinniarnertooq
## Greenlandic
### Etymology

ilinniarpoq (“to study”) +‎ -nertooq (“one who [verb]s a lot”) or ilinniarneq (“education, studying”) +‎ -tooq (“one who has a large [noun]”)

### Pronunciation

* (Nuuk) IPA: /ilinniarnirtuuq/, [i.lɪn.nɪ.ɑn.nɜt.tɔːq]

### Noun

ilinniarnertooq (plural ilinniarnertuut)
* student
** 1997, “NUNARSUAQ TAMAAT QILAATERSORFIGAA”, in Atuagagdliutit:Ilinniarnertuut 500-t Dortmund-ip ilisimatusarfiani katersuupput.500 students gathered in Dortmund university.

### Further reading

* DAKA
# אמנם
## Hebrew
### Alternative forms

* אומנם

### Adverb

אׇמְנָם • (omnám)
* truly
# 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭
## Avestan
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hstā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstā́ ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.Cognate with Sanskrit स्तृ (stṛ) and Persian ستاره (sitāra).

### Noun

𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭 • (star) m
* star
# sardien
## Afrikaans
### Noun

sardien (plural sardiens)
* sardine

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch sardeyne, sardayne, sardine, from Latin sardina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑrˈdin/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sar‧dien
* Rhymes: -in

### Noun

sardien f (plural sardienen, diminutive sardientje n)
* Alternative form of sardine
# miluumasoq
## Greenlandic
### Etymology

From miluppoq (“suckles”) +‎ -toq (“intransitive participle”).

### Pronunciation

* (Nuuk) IPA: /miluumasuq/, [mɪ.lʊː.mə.sɔq]

### Noun

miluumasoq (plural miluumasut)
* mammal
** 1986 August 13, “Ukiumi siullermi misissuisimanermi paasisaqartoqanngilaq”, in Atuagagdliutit:Avannarpariartornermi imaani uumasut miluumasut aatsitassanik oqimaatsunik akoqarnerujartorput.As one goes further north in the sea, mammals ("contain more", I guess) heavy metals.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* DAKA