# 淡

| 淡 | U+6DE1, &#28129; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DE1 |
| ← 淠 [U+6DE0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 淢 → [U+6DE2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

淡 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水火火 (EFF), four-corner 3918$_9$, composition ⿰氵炎)

#### Derived characters

* 𠻪, 𫮡, 𢴗, 𥊗, 𧐽, 𨤵, 𦸁, 䆱, 𥲄, 𰊣, 𰝘, 𩉀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 630, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17660
* Dae Jaweon: page 1032, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1660, character 8
* Unihan data for U+6DE1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 倓 | *l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms |
| 緂 | *l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam |
| 毯 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ |
| 菼 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ |
| 裧 | *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams |
| 賧 | *l̥ʰaːms |
| 睒 | *l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ |
| 舕 | *l̥ʰaːms |
| 談 | *l'aːm |
| 郯 | *l'aːm |
| 惔 | *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
| 錟 | *l'aːm |
| 淡 | *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ |
| 痰 | *l'aːm |
| 餤 | *l'aːm |
| 啖 | *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms |
| 腅 | *l'aːms |
| 剡 | *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ |
| 覢 | *hljamʔ |
| 掞 | *hljams |
| 炎 | *ɦlam |
| 琰 | *lamʔ |
| 棪 | *lamʔ |
| 扊 | *lamʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dàn (dan$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dan$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): taam$^5$ / daam$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): am$^4$ / ham$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tan$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thâm / tham
    (Hailu, HRS): tam$^ˋ$ / tam$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tam$^1$ / tam$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dan$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dâng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tāⁿ / tām
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dan$^6$ / dam$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$de
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dan$^5$ / dan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^4$
*** Yale: dàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: dan$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dan
*** Sinological IPA : /tan²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taam$^5$ / daam$^6$
*** Yale: táahm / daahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taam$^5$ / daam$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tam$^5$ / dam$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːm¹³/, /taːm²²/
* taam5 - vernacular;
* daam6 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: damX, damH
Rime :
| Character | 淡 | 淡 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徒敢切 | 徒濫切 |
| Baxter | damX | damH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑm$^X$/ | /dɑm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑm$^X$/ | /dɑm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑm$^X$/ | /dɑm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dam$^X$/ | /dam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑm$^X$/ | /dɑm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑm$^X$/ | /dɑm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑm$^X$/ | /dʱɑm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dàn | dàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daam$^6$ | daam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]ˤamʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːmʔ/, /*l'aːms/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 淡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dam$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[l]ˁamʔ/ |
| English | insipid |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 淡 | 淡 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 3/4 |
| No. | 14300 | 14305 |
| Phonetic component | 炎 | 炎 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 噉 | 憺 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːmʔ/ | /*l'aːms/ |

#### Definitions

淡
* (of food) bland; tasteless
    啲湯好淡／啲汤好淡 [Cantonese] ― di$^1$ tong$^1$ hou$^2$ taam$^5$ [Jyutping] ― the soup is very bland
* (of color) light; pale
    Synonym: 淺 / 浅
    Antonyms: 濃 / 浓 (nóng), 深 (shēn)
* (of liquid or gas) thin; low in density
* indifferent; cold
* slack; dull
    淡季 ― dànjì ― slack season; off-season
* meaningless; trivial

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 淡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 淡, 口輕 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 淡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 淡 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 淡 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 淡, 甜, 口輕 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 善 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 甜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 甜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 甜, 淡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 甜, 淡 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 淡 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 淡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 淡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 淡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 淡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 淡 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 淡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 淡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 淡 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 淡 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 淡 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 淡 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 淡 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 淡 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 淡 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 淡 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 淡 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 淡 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 淡 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 淡 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 淡 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 淡 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 淡 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 淡 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 淡 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 淡 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 淡 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 淡, 甜 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 甜 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 䭕 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 䭕 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 䭕 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 䭕 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 䭕 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 䭕 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 䭕 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 䭕 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 䭕 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 䭕 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 䭕 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 䭕 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 䭕 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 䭕 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 䭕 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 䭕 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 䭕 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 䭕 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 䭕 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 䭕 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 淡 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 淡 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 淡 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 淡 |
| Wu | Danyang | 淡 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 淡 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 淡 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 淡 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 淡 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 淡 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 淡 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 淡 |

#### Compounds

* 下淡水溪
* 冷淡 (lěngdàn)
* 喫淡酒 / 吃淡酒
* 平和恬淡
* 平淡 (píngdàn)
* 平淡無奇 / 平淡无奇
* 恬淡 (tiándàn)
* 恬淡寡欲
* 恬淡無欲 / 恬淡无欲
* 恬淡無為 / 恬淡无为
* 慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 扯淡 (chědàn)
* 攻苦食淡
* 暗淡 (àndàn)
* 暗淡無光 / 暗淡无光 (àndànwúguāng)
* 民患淡食
* 沖淡 / 冲淡 (chōngdàn)
* 泔淡
* 海水淡化 (hǎishuǐ dànhuà)
* 淡不剌
* 淡不淡
* 淡交
* 淡入
* 淡冷處 / 淡冷处
* 淡出 (dànchū)
* 淡化 (dànhuà)
* 淡奶 (dànnǎi)
* 淡妝 / 淡妆 (dànzhuāng)
* 淡妝濃抹 / 淡妆浓抹
* 淡妝素服 / 淡妆素服
* 淡季 (dànjì)
* 淡定 (dàndìng)
* 淡巴菰 (dànbāgū)
* 淡廝 / 淡厮
* 淡彩
* 淡忘 (dànwàng)
* 淡抹
* 淡掃蛾眉 / 淡扫蛾眉
* 淡於名利 / 淡于名利
* 淡月
* 淡水 (dànshuǐ)
* 淡水河 (Dànshuǐ Hé)
* 淡水湖 (dànshuǐhú)
* 淡水漁業 / 淡水渔业
* 淡水養殖 / 淡水养殖
* 淡水魚 / 淡水鱼 (dànshuǐyú)
* 淡江 (Dànjiāng)
* 淡江大學 / 淡江大学
* 淡沱
* 淡沲
* 淡泊 (dànbó)
* 淡泊名利 (dànbómínglì)
* 清淡 (qīngdàn)
* 淡淡 (dàndàn)
* 淺淡 / 浅淡 (qiǎndàn)
* 淡漠 (dànmò)
* 淡濛濛 / 淡蒙蒙
* 淡然 (dànrán)
* 淡然無味 / 淡然无味
* 淡然處之 / 淡然处之
* 淡竹 (dànzhú)
* 淡而無味 / 淡而无味
* 淡色
* 清茶淡話 / 清茶淡话
* 清茶淡飯 / 清茶淡饭
* 淡薄 (dànbó)
* 淡薄無味 / 淡薄无味
* 淡話 / 淡话 (dànhuà)
* 淡雅 (dànyǎ)
* 淡青
* 淡飯 / 淡饭
* 淡飯清茶 / 淡饭清茶
* 濃妝淡抹 / 浓妆淡抹
* 濃抹淡妝 / 浓抹淡妆
* 濃淡 / 浓淡 (nóngdàn)
* 澹淡
* 澹淡經營 / 澹淡经营
* 熬枯受淡
* 熬清守淡
* 發淡科 / 发淡科
* 看淡後市 / 看淡后市
* 粉淡香殘 / 粉淡香残
* 粗茶淡飯 / 粗茶淡饭 (cūchádànfàn)
* 粗衣淡飯 / 粗衣淡饭
* 素淡 (sùdàn)
* 說淡話 / 说淡话
* 輕描淡寫 / 轻描淡写 (qīngmiáodànxiě)
* 閒扯淡 / 闲扯淡
* 雅淡
* 雲淡風輕 / 云淡风轻 (yúndànfēngqīng)
* 顄淡 / 𱂰淡 (hàndàn)
* 風輕雲淡 / 风轻云淡 (fēngqīngyúndàn)
* 鬼扯淡
* 鹹嘴淡舌 / 咸嘴淡舌
* 黯淡 (àndàn)
* 黯淡無光 / 黯淡无光 (àndànwúguāng)
* 黲淡 / 黪淡 (cǎndàn)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎn, yàn (yan$^3$, yan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ, ㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^3$
*** Yale: yǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^4$
*** Yale: yàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^5$
*** Yale: yíhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm¹³/
* Middle Chinese: yemX
Rime :
| Character | 淡 |
| Reading # | 3/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以冉切 |
| Baxter | yemX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*lamʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 淡 |
| Reading # | 4/4 |
| No. | 14319 |
| Phonetic component | 炎 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 琰 |
| Old Chinese | /*lamʔ/ |
| Notes | 見宋玉賦 |

#### Definitions

淡
* Only used in 淡淡 (yǎnyǎn, yànyàn).
* (historical dictionaries only) appearance of water

#### Compounds

* 流水淡淡

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tán (tan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taam$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^2$
*** Yale: tán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taam$^4$
*** Yale: tàahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːm²¹/
* Middle Chinese: dam
Rime :
| Character | 淡 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒甘切 |
| Baxter | dam |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dam/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑm/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 淡 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| No. | 14296 |
| Phonetic component | 炎 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 談 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːm/ |

#### Definitions

淡
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 痰 (tán)
* (historical dictionaries only) appearance of water
    See also: 澹

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 淡 – see 䭕 (“(Min) tasteless; insipid”). (This character is a variant form of 䭕).

### References

* “淡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* diluted
* pale

#### Readings

* Go-on: だん (dan)
* Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
* Kun: あわい (awai, 淡い, Jōyō)、うすい (usui, 淡い)

#### Compounds

* 淡(たん)白(ぱく) (tanpaku)
* 冷(れい)淡(たん) (reitan)
* 淡(たん)々(たん) (tantan)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 淡 (MC damX|damH). Recorded as Middle Korean 담〯 (tǎm) (Yale: tam) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 淡 (eumhun 맑을 담 (malgeul dam))
* hanja form of 담 (“clean; clear; pure”)

#### Compounds

* 냉담 (冷淡, naengdam, “cold; indifferent”)
* 농담 (濃淡, nongdam)
* 담담 (淡淡, damdam)
* 담백 (淡白, dambaek)
* 담수 (淡水, damsu, “fresh water”)
* 아담 (雅淡, adam)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

淡: Hán Nôm readings: đạm, đượm, vạm, đặm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.