# flood
## English
### Alternative forms

* floud (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English flod, from Old English flōd, from Proto-West Germanic *flōdu, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz, from *plew- (“to flow”). Cognate with Scots flude, fluid, Saterland Frisian Floud, Dutch vloed, German Flut, Danish flod, Icelandic flóð, and Gothic 𐍆𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌿𐍃 (flōdus).

### Pronunciation

* enPR: flŭd, IPA: /flʌd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌd

### Noun

flood (plural floods)
* An overflow of a large amount of water (usually disastrous) from a lake or other body of water due to excessive rainfall or other input of water.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:a covenant never to destroy the earth again by flood
** 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter II, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers, of errand not wholly obvious to their fellows, yet of such sort as to call into query alike the nature of their errand and their own relations.
** 2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale. The early, intense onset of the monsoon on June 14th swelled rivers, washing away roads, bridges, hotels and even whole villages. Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.
** 2020 March 29, “China enters flood season”, in China Internet Information Center‎:China's Ministry of Water Resources Saturday warned that floods are expected to hit the country and called on relevant departments to make preparation. Heavy rains have hit parts of southern, eastern and central China since Wednesday, pushing water levels in some rivers well above warning lines, the ministry said. China entered its flood season on Saturday, four days earlier than previous years, and the country may suffer from more and stronger rain as well as floods with more extreme weather forecast for the flood season, the ministry warned.
* (figuratively) A large number or quantity of anything appearing more rapidly than can easily be dealt with.
    a flood of complaints
** 2016 December 6, Francis Fukuyama, “The Dangers of Disruption”, in The New York Times‎:Deregulation of financial markets laid the groundwork for the subprime crisis in the United States, while a badly designed euro contributed to the debt crisis in Greece, and the Schengen system of open borders made it difficult to control the flood of refugees in Europe.
* The flowing in of the tide, opposed to the ebb.
** 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:There is a tide in the affairs of men, / Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.
** 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 217:It was ebb tide when she touched, and it was supposed that when the flood made she would float off again.
** 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 193:The flood had made, the wind was nearly calm, and being bound down the river, the only thing for us was to come to and wait for the turn of the tide.
* A floodlight.
* Menstrual discharge; menses.
* (obsolete) Water as opposed to land.
** 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:Who beheld from the safe shore their floating carcasses and broken chariot-wheels. So thick bestrown, abject and lost, lay these, covering the flood, under amazement of their hideous change.

#### Derived terms

* 100-year flood
* antiflood
* flash flood
* floodage
* flood basalt
* floodboard
* flood chute
* flood fill
* flood frosting
* floodful
* floodgate
* flood gate, flood-gate
* flood geology
* floodgum
* flood-hit
* flood icing
* floodlamp
* floodland
* floodless
* floodlet
* floodlight
* floodlike
* flood map
* floodmark
* floodometer
* flood pants
* floodplain
* flood plain, flood plain toadlet
* flood pool
* flood-prone, floodprone
* floodproof
* flood stage
* flood test
* flood tide
* floodtime
* floodwall
* floodwater, flood water
* floodway
* floody
* fore-flood
* glacial lake outburst flood
* inflood
* Japanese flood fever
* landflood
* mana flood
* megaflood
* mud flood
* nonflood
* outburst flood
* photoflood
* postflood
* preflood
* rat flood
* sky-flood
* superflood
* tidal flood
* upflood
* waterflood
* Zanclean flood

#### Translations

Afrikaans: oorstroming, vloed
Aklanon: baha'
Albanian: përmbytje (sq) f
Arabic: طُوفَان (ar) m (ṭūfān), فَيَضَان m (fayaḍān), سَيْل (sayl)
Hijazi Arabic: فيضان m (fayaḍān), سيل m (sēl)
Armenian: հեղեղ (hy) (heġeġ), ջրհեղեղ (hy) (ǰrheġeġ)
Assamese: বানপানী (banpani), বান (ban)
Asturian: inundación f
Azerbaijani: daşqın (az), sel (az)
Bashkir: ташҡын (taşqın)
Basque: uholde (eu)
Bau Bidayuh: liud
Belarusian: па́вадак m (pávadak), паво́дка f (pavódka), пато́п m (patóp), навадне́нне n (navadnjénnje)
Bengali: বান (bn) (ban), সয়লাব (bn) (śoẏlab), বন্যা (bn) (bonna)
Berber:
Tashelhit: ingayn m pl
Bhojpuri: बाढ़ि (bāṛhi)
Bikol Central: baha (bcl)
Brunei Bisaya: liud
Bulgarian: наводне́ние (bg) n (navodnénie)
Burmese: ရေကြီးခြင်း (re-kri:hkrang:)
Catalan: inundació (ca) f, aiguat (ca)
Cebuano: baha, lunop
Chamicuro: imujki
Chinese:
Hokkien: 大水 (tōa-chúi)
Mandarin: 洪水 (zh) (hóngshuǐ), 洪災 / 洪灾 (zh) (hóngzāi), 水災 / 水灾 (zh) (shuǐzāi), 大水 (zh) (dàshuǐ)
Czech: povodeň (cs) f, záplava (cs) f, potopa (cs) f
Danish: oversvømmelse (da) c
Dutch: overstroming (nl) f, vloed (nl) m
Eastern Bontoc: choron, kor-as
Egyptian: (bꜥḥw m)
Esperanto: inundo, pluvego
Estonian: üleujutus, veetulv
Finnish: tulva (fi)
French: inondation (fr) f
Galician: inundación (gl) f, enchente f, chea (gl) f, levada f, anago m, solago m, dioivo (gl) m
Georgian: წყალდიდობა (ka) (c̣q̇aldidoba)
German: Flut (de) f (tidal), Überflutung (de) f, Überschwemmung (de) f, Hochwasser (de) n
Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐍉 f (garunjō)
Greek: πλημμύρα (el) f (plimmýra)
Ancient: πλημμύρα f (plēmmúra), κατακλυσμός m (kataklusmós)
Gujarati: please add this translation if you can
Haitian Creole: inondasyon
Hebrew: מַבּוּל (he) m (mabúl), שיטפון \ שִׁטָּפוֹן (he) m (shittafon)
Higaonon: baha
Hiligaynon: baha
Hindi: बाढ़ (hi) f (bāṛh), सैलाब (hi) m (sailāb), सैल (hi) f (sail), प्लावन (hi) m (plāvan), वन्या (hi) f (vanyā), जलप्लावन (hi) m (jalaplāvan), तूफ़ान m (tūfān), तूफान (hi) m (tūphān)
Hungarian: árvíz (hu), ár (hu), áradás (hu), árvíz (hu)
Icelandic: flóð (is) n
Ilocano: layos
Indonesian: banjir (id)
Ingrian: upotos
Iranun: degan
Irish: tuile f
Italian: inondazione (it) f, alluvione (it) f
Japanese: 洪水 (ja) (kōzui), 大水 (ja) (ōmizu)
Kabuverdianu: txeia, xeia
Kapampangan: albug
Kazakh: сел (sel), тасқын (tasqyn), топан (topan), топан су (topan su), су тасқыны (su tasqyny)
Khakas: тасхын (tasxın)
Khmer: ជំនន់ (km) (cumnŭən), ដំឡើង (km) (dɑmlaəng)
Kimaragang: liyud
Korean: 한물 (ko) (hanmul), 홍수(洪水) (ko) (hongsu), 대수(大水) (ko) (daesu)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: لافاو (ckb) (lafaw)
Northern Kurdish: lehî (ku) f, lêser (ku) f, lês f, avrabûn (ku) f
Kyrgyz: ташкын (ky) (taşkın)
Lao: ນ້ຳຖ້ວມ (nam thūam), ນໍ້າແກ່ງ (nam kǣng), ອຸທະກະໄພ (ʼu tha ka phai)
Latgalian: poli m pl
Latin: dīluviēs f, dīluvium (la) n, inundatio f, abluvium n
Latvian: plūdi m pl, pali m pl
Lithuanian: potvynis m, poplūdis m
Lotud: liud
Low German:
German Low German: fluss
Lubuagan Kalinga: litap
Luxembourgish: Héichwaasser n, Iwwerschwemmung f
Macedonian: поплава f (poplava)
Malay: banjir (ms), bah (ms), ampuh (ms)
Malayalam: വെള്ളപ്പൊക്കം (veḷḷappokkaṁ), പ്രളയം (ml) (praḷayaṁ)
Maltese: għargħar m
Maranao: bagiyaw
Marathi: पूर (pūr)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: үер (mn) (üjer)
Mongolian: ᠦᠶᠡᠷ (üyer)
Mwani: maera
Navajo: tó yíląąd
Nepali: बाढी (ne) (bāḍhī)
Norman: fliot m
Norwegian:
Bokmål: flom (no) m, oversvømmelse m
Nynorsk: flaum
Occitan: inondacion (oc) f, aigat (oc) m
Odia: please add this translation if you can
Old English: flede
Old Javanese: wah
Ottoman Turkish: سیل (seyl), طوفان (tufan)
Pashto: نېز m (nez)
Persian: سیل (fa) (seyl), هین (fa) (hin)
Plautdietsch: Huachwota n, Äwaschwamunk f
Polish: powódź (pl) f, potop (pl) m
Portuguese: cheia (pt) f, enchente (pt) f, inundação (pt) f
Punjabi: ਹੜ੍ਹ (haṛh)
Quechua: nuyuy
Romanian: inundație (ro) f
Rungus: llizud
Russian: наводне́ние (ru) n (navodnénije), пото́п (ru) m (potóp), па́водок (ru) m (pávodok)
Sanskrit: प्लुति (sa) f (pluti)
Scottish Gaelic: tuil f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: по̏плава f, по̀топ m
Roman: pȍplava (sh) f, pòtop (sh) m
Shan: ၼမ်ႉထူမ်ႈ (nâ̰m thūum)
Sicilian: allavinamentu m
Slovak: povodeň f
Slovene: poplava (sl) f, povodenj f
Southern Kalinga: litap
Spanish: inundación (es) f; avenida (es) f, riada (es) f, innundación f (Latin America)
Swahili: mafuriko (sw), gharika (sw)
Swedish: översvämning (sv) c
Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠘꠤ (fani)
Tagal Murut: tuu
Tagalog: baha
Tajik: обхезӣ (tg) (obxezi), сел (sel)
Tamil: வெள்ளம் (ta) (veḷḷam)
Tatar: ташкын (tt) (taşkın), су басу (su basu)
Telugu: వరద (te) (varada), వెల్లువ (te) (velluva)
Thai: อุทกภัย (th) (ù-tók-gà-pai), น้ำท่วม (th) (náam-tûuam)
Tibetan: ཆུ་ལོག (chu log)
Timugon Murut: liur
Tocharian B: lāñe, kerekauna
Turkish: sel (tr), su taşkını (tr), taşkın (tr)
Turkmen: joşgun, sil
Tuwali Ifugao: olwang
Ukrainian: по́вінь (uk) f (póvinʹ), пото́п m (potóp), пові́ддя n (povíddja), по́відь f (póvidʹ)
Urdu: باڑھ f (bāṛh)
Uyghur: تاشقىن (tashqin), سەل (sel)
Uzbek: toshqin (uz), sel (uz)
Vietnamese: lụt (vi), lụt lội (vi), lũ lụt (vi), lũ (vi)
Walloon: grossès aiwes (wa)
Waray-Waray: baha
Welsh: llifogydd
West Frisian: oerstreaming
Yiddish: פֿאַרפֿלייצונג f (farfleytsung)
Zhuang: raemxrongz :

#### See also

* deluge
* diversion
* inundation
* sheetwash
* torrent

### Verb

flood (third-person singular simple present floods, present participle flooding, simple past and past participle flooded)
* To overflow, as by water from excessive rainfall.
    People flooded into the streets in protest.
    The basement flooded with rainwater.
* To cover or partly fill as if by a flood.
    The floor was flooded with beer.
    They flooded the room with sewage.
* (figuratively) To provide (someone or something) with a larger number or quantity of something than can easily be dealt with.
    The station's switchboard was flooded with listeners making complaints.
** 2011 October 1, David Ornstein, “Blackburn 0 - 4 Man City”, in BBC Sport‎:Blackburn offered nothing going forward in the opening period and that continued after the break, encouraging City to flood forward.
** 2020 April 22, “Glenfinnan turns blue to honour NHS workers”, in Rail, page 9:The iconic Glenfinnan Viaduct was flooded with blue light to show support for the National Health Service staff treating Coronavirus patients.
* (Internet, ambitransitive) To paste numerous lines of text to (a chat system) in order to disrupt the conversation.
** 1998, Dr. Cat, “Furry web site plug”, in alt.fan.furry (Usenet):There's also a spam filter in the code now, so if someone attempts to flood people's screens with macros or a bot, everything after the first few lines is thrown away.
* To bleed profusely, as after childbirth.

#### Synonyms

* (overflow): overfill
* (cover): inundate
* (provide with large number): inundate, swamp, deluge
* (overwhelm a chatroom or forum): spam

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “overflow”): drain

#### Derived terms

* beflood
* counterflood
* crapflood
* downflood
* floodable
* flooder
* floodlamp
* floodlight
* flood out
* flood the zone
* overflood
* reflood
* shitflood
* unflood
* upflood

#### Translations

Afrikaans: oorstroom
Azerbaijani: basmaq (az), daşmaq
Bulgarian: заливам (bg) (zalivam)
Catalan: inundar (ca)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 水浸 (seoi$^2$ zam$^3$)
Hokkien: 漲水 / 涨水 (tiòng-chúi), 做大水 (chòe-tōa-chúi)
Czech: zaplavit
Danish: oversvømme
Dutch: overstromen (nl)
Eastern Bontoc: lomasoy, somafi, malenap
Egyptian: (bꜥḥj)
Esperanto: inundi
Finnish: tulvia (fi)
French: inonder (fr)
Galician: encher (gl), asolagar (gl), alagar (gl), encharcar
German: überschwemmen (de), überfluten (de), überfüllen (de)
Greek:
Ancient: κατακλύζω (kataklúzō)
Modern: πλημμυρίζω (el) (plimmyrízo)
Hungarian: árad (hu), kiárad (hu), megárad (hu), szétárad (hu), kiönt (hu), özönlik (hu), áramlik (hu)
Icelandic: hlaupa (is)
Ilocano: lupias
Italian: allagare (it), inondare (it), (river, intransitive) straripare (it)
Japanese: 氾濫する (ja) (hanran suru)
Korean: 넘치다 (ko) (neomchida)
Latin: inundo, diluvio (la), ingurgito
Latvian: plūdi
Lubuagan Kalinga: lumay-as
Mansaka: baa
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: үерлэх (mn) (üjerlex)
Mongolian: ᠦᠶᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ (üyerlekü)
Norwegian: oversvømme (no)
Polish: zalewać (pl)
Portuguese: transbordar (pt)
Romanian: revărsa (ro)
Sardinian:
Campidanese: abenai, allagai
Serbo-Croatian: prepláviti (sh)
Sinhalese: ගංවතුර (gaṁwatura)
Slovene: preplaviti
Spanish: inundar (es), flodear (United States), fludear (US)
Swedish: svämma över (sv), översvämma (sv)
Tagalog: umapaw
Turkish: taşmak (tr)
Tuwali Ifugao: lakbi
Vietnamese: tràn ngập (vi)
West Frisian: dûke :
Azerbaijani: basmaq (az)
Bulgarian: наводнявам (bg) (navodnjavam)
Czech: zaplavit
Egyptian: (bꜥḥj)
Finnish: tulvia (fi), hukuttaa (fi)
French: inonder (fr)
Galician: asolagar (gl), alagar (gl), inundar (gl), anegar (gl)
German: überschwemmen (de), überfluten (de)
Greek: πλημμυρίζω (el) (plimmyrízo)
Ancient: κατακλύζω (kataklúzō)
Hungarian: eláraszt (hu), elönt (hu)
Italian: allagare (it), inondare (it)
Latin: inundō
Polish: zalewać (pl)
Portuguese: inundar (pt), alagar (pt)
Romanian: inunda (ro), revărsa (ro)
Russian: затопи́ть (ru) (zatopítʹ)
Sardinian:
Campidanese: abenai, allagai
Serbo-Croatian: potòpiti (sh), popláviti (sh)
Slovene: preplaviti, poplaviti
Spanish: inundar (es), innundar (dialectal, Latin America)
Tagalog: binaha, mabaha
Telugu: ముంచెత్తు (muñcettu), వెల్లువెత్తు (velluvettu)
Vietnamese: tràn (vi) :

#### See also

* barrage
* deluge
* dump
* gush
* hail
* heap
* inundate
* pour
* rain
* shower
* stream
* swamp

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Oxford-Paravia Concise - Dizionario Inglese-Italiano e Italiano-Inglese. Edited by Maria Cristina Bareggi. Torino: Paravia, 2003 (in collaboration with Oxford University Press). ISBN 8839551107. Online version here

### Anagrams

* of old

## Middle English
### Noun

flood
* Alternative form of flod

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English flood.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈflɐ.d͡ʒi/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈflɐd/ [ˈflɐð]

### Noun

flood m (plural floods)
* (Brazil, Internet slang) a flood of superfluous text messages

#### Related terms

* floodar