# madder
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈmædə(ɹ)/, [ˈmadə(ɹ)]
* (General American) IPA: /ˈmædɚ/, [ˈmæɾɚ]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ædə(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English mader, madere, mædere, from Old English mædere, mæddre, mædre, from Proto-Germanic *madarǭ (compare Swedish madra, Old Norse / Icelandic maðra), from Proto-Indo-European *modʰro-, cognate with Proto-Slavic *modrъ (“blue”), and compare Irish madar (“madder”), Latvian madara (“madder”).

#### Noun

madder (countable and uncountable, plural madders)
* A herbaceous plant, Rubia tinctorum, native to Asia, cultivated for a red-purple dye (alizarin) obtained from the root.
** 1841, Jesse Buel, The Farmers' Instructor. Consisting of Essays, Practical Directions, and Hints for the Management of the Farm and the Garden. Originally Published in the Cultivator; Selected and Revised for the School District Library‎, volume 1, Harper and Brothers, page 213:Madder (Rubia tinctorum). — This plant has a perennial root and an annual stalk. It is cultivated for the roots, which, after being dried and ground, are employed in considerable quantities in dying a fine red colour, and, likewise, as a first tint for several other shades. It is principally cultivated in Holland, the province of Zealand being almost entirely covered with it; from whence it is exported to every part of Europe and America, yielding almost incalculable profits. The imports of this article for the use of our manufactories is stated to amount in value to more than two millions of dollars annually. Our soil and climate are found to be well adapted to its culture, and some successful experiments have been made in raising it in the counties of Madison and Otsego [in New York State]. Madder does best in a deep rich sand-loam, moist but not wet. It requires three summers to come to perfection; and as the roots strike deep, the ground should be ploughed and mellowed to the depth of two and a half or three feet for its reception. Miller says it should be planted with a dibble (it is propagated by offsets from the roots), in rows from two to three feet apart; while Beechstein says they should be planted only six inches asunder.
* The root of the plant, used as a medicine or a dye.
* A dye made from the plant.
** 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros‎, London: Jonathan Cape, page 19:Their armour was stained with madder, in such wise that they seemed bathed in blood.
* A deep reddish colour, like that of the dye.
    madder:
** 1946, Mervyn Peake, Titus Groan:Her big head has coloured to a dim and dreadful madder.

##### Synonyms

* (Rubia tinctorum): common madder, dyer's madder

##### Derived terms

* blue field madder (Sherardia arvensis)
* brown madder
* capucine madder
* common madder (Rubia cordifolia, Rubia tinctorum)
* crimson madder
* dyer's madder (Rubia tinctorum)
* field madder (Sherardia arvensis)
* flowers of madder
* Indian madder (Rubia cordifolia, Oldenlandia umbellata)
* madder crimson
* madder lake
* madder orange
* madder rose
* madder scarlet
* maddery
* madder yellow
* orange madder
* pink madder
* Rembrandt's madder
* rose madder
* Rubens' madder
* scarlet madder
* white madder (Galium mollugo)
* wild madder (Rubia peregrina)

##### Translations
#### Adjective

madder (not comparable)
* Of a deep reddish purple colour, like that of the dye.

##### Translations
#### Verb

madder (third-person singular simple present madders, present participle maddering, simple past and past participle maddered)
* (transitive, rare) To dye with madder.

#### See also

* bedstraw
* bluet
* genipap
* Appendix:Colors

### Etymology 2

Inflected forms.

#### Adjective

madder
* comparative form of mad: more mad

### Etymology 3

From Irish meadar.

#### Noun

madder (plural madders)
* Obsolete form of mether.
** c.1720 Jonathan Swift (translation from the Irish) "O'Rourke's Feast":
    Usequebaugh to our feast - In pails was brought up,
    A hundred at least, - And the madder our cup,
    O there is the sport! […]

#### References

* Tenison, Thomas Joseph (1860) "On Methers and Other Ancient Drinking Vessels" Journal of the Kilkenny and South-East of Ireland Archaeological Society Vol.3NS No.1 p.54

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

madder (third-person singular simple present madders, present participle maddering, simple past and past participle maddered)
* Eye dialect spelling of matter.

### Anagrams

* MedDRA, dermad, dream'd, marded

## Middle English
### Adjective

madder
* comparative degree of mad