# panis
## Latin
### Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Usually explained as a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to graze”), via earlier Proto-Italic *pāstnis (compare pāstillus (“cake, pastille”) and supine pāstum). However, compare pānus, pānicum (“ear of millet”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpaː.nis/, [ˈpäːnɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpa.nis/, [ˈpäːnis]

### Noun

pānis m (genitive pānis); third declension
* bread, loaf
    Pānem nostrum quotīdiānum dā nōbīs hodiē. ― Give us this day our daily bread.
* (figuratively) food or nourishment in general, whether physical or spiritual
* a mass in the shape of a loaf
    (Can we add an example for this sense?)

#### Declension

* The genitive plural is rare. The form pānium is found in Charisius, quoting Caesar, but Priscian specifies the form as pānum.
Third-declension noun (i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* compāniō m
* pānāriolum n
* pānārium n
* pānārius
* pānicellus
* pāniceus
* pānicium
* pānicoctārius
* pānifex
* pānifica
* pānificium
* pānōsus
* pāstillum
* pāstillus

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: pãni, pãne, peni, peni, pãni, pãne
** Istro-Romanian: păre
** Megleno-Romanian: pǫini, poini
** Romanian: pâine, pâne
* Dalmatian:
** pun, pen, puan
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: pane, panu
** Italian: pane
** Neapolitan: pane
** Sicilian: pani
* Padanian:
** Gallo-Italic
*** Emilian: pan
*** Ligurian: pan
*** Lombard: pan, pagn
*** Piedmontese: pan
*** Romagnol: pen, pâ
** Friulian: pan
** Istriot: pan
** Ladin: pan
** Romansch: paun, pan, pang, pàn
** Venetan: pan
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: pa
** Franco-Provençal: pan
** Old French: pain (see there for further descendants)
** Occitan: pan
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: pan
** Asturian: pan
** Leonese: pan
** Mirandese: pan
** Old Galician-Portuguese: pan, pam, pã
*** Fala: pan
*** Galician: pan
*** Portuguese: pão (see there for further descendants)
** Old Spanish: pan
*** Ladino: pan
*** Spanish: pan (see there for further descendants)
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: pane, pani (Campidanese)
* Borrowings:
** → Ancient Greek: πᾶνις (pânis)
** → Old Armenian: պան (pan) (or directly from Latin) (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pānis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 443

### Further reading

* “panis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “panis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "panis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* panis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to give a person poison in bread: dare venenum in pane ordinary bread: panis cibarius
* “panis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

### Anagrams

* spina

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *panúqus. Compare Ilocano panuos, Cebuano pan-os, and Maranao panos.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ˈpanis/ [ˈpaː.n̪ɪs] (noun)
*** Rhymes: -anis
** IPA: /paˈnis/ [pɐˈn̪is] (adjective)
*** Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: pa‧nis

### Noun

panis (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔)
* process of rotting of food; spoilage; putrefaction
    Synonyms: bulok, lagibas, alumanis

#### Derived terms

* magpapanis
* Makapanis
* mapanis
* panisin

#### See also

* asim

### Adjective

panís (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔)
* rotten; stale; spoiled (as of food)
    Synonyms: sira, bulok, (Rizal) hampok
* (figuratively, colloquial) defeated; dominated; owned
    Synonyms: supalpal, sunog, tambak, talo
    Boom! Panis ka nanaman ni Mark!Boom! Mark owned you again!

#### Derived terms

* panis ang laway

#### See also

* halumanis

### Further reading

* “panis”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*panúqus”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Anagrams

* aspin, Pinas, sinap, pisan, sapin