# 棗

| 棗 | U+68D7, &#26839; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68D7 |
| ← 棖 [U+68D6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 棘 → [U+68D8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

棗 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木月木月 (DBDB) or 難木月木月 (XDBDB), four-corner 5090$_2$, composition ⿱朿朿)

#### Derived characters

* 𪦡, 𭫼, 𫓇, 𤒗, 𫼄, 𮐿

#### Descendants

* 枣 (simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 532, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14937
* Dae Jaweon: page 920, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1228, character 1
* Unihan data for U+68D7

## Chinese

* 棗 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 棗 (Cantonese)
* Cō̤ (Eastern Min)
* 枣 (Wu)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 棗 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): Duplication of 朿 (“thorn”).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zǎo (zao$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zao$^3$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zou$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): dau$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): zau$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chó
    (Hailu, HRS): zo$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zau$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zau$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): cǎu
* Eastern Min (BUC): cō̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zo$^3$ / zor$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chó / chó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zo$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zau$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǎo
*** Wade–Giles: tsao$^3$
*** Yale: dzǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzao
*** Palladius: цзао (czao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (棗兒 / 枣儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǎor
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǎor
*** Wade–Giles: tsao$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: dzǎur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaol
*** Palladius: цзаор (czaor)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zao$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sau⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zou$^2$
*** Yale: jóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sou̯³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: dau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tau⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: zau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sau²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chó
*** Hakka Romanization System: zo$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡so³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zo$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡so²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sau³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zau$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sau⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sau²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cō̤
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡so³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zo$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceô
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡so⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵ³³²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zor$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cô̤
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɒ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zor$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɒ³³²/
* zo3 - vernacular;
* zor3 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tsawX
Rime :
| Character | 棗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 子晧切 |
| Baxter | tsawX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡saw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǎo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zou$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤuʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 棗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zǎo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsaw$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁuʔ/ |
| English | jujube |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 棗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16564 |
| Phonetic component | 棗 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 早 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsuːʔ/ |

### Definitions

棗
* jujube; Chinese date
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (jujube):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 棗 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 棗 |
| Taxonomic name | Taxonomic name | 棗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 棗子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 棗兒, 大棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 棗兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 棗兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 棗兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 棗兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 棗兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 棗兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 棗兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 棗兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 棗 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 家棗兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 棗兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 棗兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 棗兒, 家棗兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 棗兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 棗兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 棗兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 棗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 棗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 棗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 棗兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 棗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 棗兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 棗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 棗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 棗兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 棗兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 棗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 棗兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 棗兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 棗子, 棗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 棗子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 棗子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 棗兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 棗兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 棗兒 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 棗兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 棗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 棗子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 棗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 棗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 棗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 棗子, 棗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 木棗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 棗兒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 棗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 棗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 棗子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 棗子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 棗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 棗 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 棗 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 棗子 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 棗子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 棗仔 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 棗子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 棗仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 棗子 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 棗 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 棗 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Datong | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Linhe | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Jining | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 棗 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Handan | 棗兒, 棗子 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 棗兒 |
| Jin | Suide | 棗兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 棗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 棗 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 棗, 棗仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 棗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 棗 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 棗 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 棗 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 棗子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 棗子 |
| Wu | Danyang | 棗子 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 棗兒 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 棗兒 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 棗兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 棗子 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 棗子 |

### Compounds

* 三更棗 / 三更枣
* 乳棗 / 乳枣
* 交梨火棗 / 交梨火枣
* 京棗 / 京枣
* 仙人棗 / 仙人枣
* 仙棗 / 仙枣
* 仲思棗 / 仲思枣
* 千年棗 / 千年枣
* 吃黑棗 / 吃黑枣
* 吃黑棗兒 / 吃黑枣儿
* 咒棗 / 咒枣
* 嗜棗 / 嗜枣
* 嘎嘎棗兒 / 嘎嘎枣儿
* 囫圇吞棗 / 囫囵吞枣 (húlúntūnzǎo)
* 大棗 / 大枣 (dàzǎo)
* 嫁棗 / 嫁枣
* 安期棗 / 安期枣
* 巨棗 / 巨枣
* 弱枝棗 / 弱枝枣
* 拔葵啖棗 / 拔葵啖枣
* 推梨讓棗 / 推梨让枣
* 撲棗 / 扑枣
* 昌歜羊棗 / 昌歜羊枣
* 枵棗 / 枵枣
* 梬棗 / 梬枣
* 梨棗 / 梨枣
* 棗下 / 枣下
* 棗仁 / 枣仁
* 棗兒紅 / 枣儿红
* 棗呢 / 枣呢
* 棗圃 / 枣圃
* 棗圈 / 枣圈
* 棗園 / 枣园
* 棗塔 / 枣塔
* 棗子 / 枣子 (zǎozi)
* 棗實 / 枣实
* 棗店 / 枣店 (Zǎodiàn)
* 棗徑 / 枣径
* 棗心筆 / 枣心笔
* 棗昏 / 枣昏
* 棗木 / 枣木
* 棗本 / 枣本
* 棗林 / 枣林
* 棗核 / 枣核
* 棗栗 / 枣栗
* 棗核筆 / 枣核笔
* 棗核臉 / 枣核脸
* 棗核釘 / 枣核钉
* 棗梨 / 枣梨
* 棘棗 / 棘枣
* 棗椰 / 枣椰
* 棗椰子 / 枣椰子 (zǎoyēzi)
* 棗槊 / 枣槊
* 棗榛 / 枣榛
* 棗樹 / 枣树 (zǎoshù)
* 棗油 / 枣油
* 棗泥 / 枣泥
* 棗泥酥 / 枣泥酥
* 棗瓜 / 枣瓜
* 棗穰金 / 枣穰金
* 棗節杖 / 枣节杖
* 棗糕 / 枣糕
* 棗糒 / 枣糒
* 棗糗 / 枣糗
* 棗紅 / 枣红 (zǎohóng)
* 棗紅色 / 枣红色
* 棗脯 / 枣脯
* 棗脩 / 枣脩
* 棗膏昏鈍 / 枣膏昏钝
* 棗花 / 枣花
* 棗莊 / 枣庄 (Zǎozhuāng)
* 棗華 / 枣华
* 棗菜 / 枣菜
* 棗蔬 / 枣蔬
* 棗行 / 枣行
* 棗貓 / 枣猫
* 棗逕 / 枣迳
* 棗陽 / 枣阳 (Zǎoyáng)
* 棗騮 / 枣骝
* 楓天棗地 / 枫天枣地
* 椰棗 / 椰枣 (yēzǎo)
* 㮕棗 / 㮕枣
* 樂毅棗 / 乐毅枣
* 樂氏棗 / 乐氏枣
* 橪棗 / 橪枣
* 檽棗 / 檽枣
* 沙棗 / 沙枣 (shāzǎo)
* 波斯棗 / 波斯枣
* 海棗 / 海枣 (hǎizǎo)
* 渾掄吞棗 / 浑抡吞枣
* 渾淪吞棗 / 浑沦吞枣
* 火棗 / 火枣
* 災梨禍棗 / 灾梨祸枣
* 焦棗 / 焦枣
* 牙棗 / 牙枣
* 猴棗 / 猴枣 (hóuzǎo)
* 番棗 / 番枣
* 白棗 / 白枣
* 禍棗災梨 / 祸枣灾梨
* 紅棗 / 红枣 (hóngzǎo)
* 纓絡棗 / 缨络枣
* 羊棗 / 羊枣
* 羊棗昌歜 / 羊枣昌歜
* 羊矢棗 / 羊矢枣
* 肉棗 / 肉枣
* 肉棗兒 / 肉枣儿
* 脯棗 / 脯枣
* 膠棗 / 胶枣
* 良棗 / 良枣
* 蜜棗 / 蜜枣 (mìzǎo)
* 讓棗推梨 / 让枣推梨
* 軟棗 / 软枣
* 酸棗 / 酸枣 (suānzǎo)
* 酸棗子 / 酸枣子
* 重棗 / 重枣 (zhòngzǎo)
* 金棗 / 金枣
* 金絲棗 / 金丝枣
* 鋟棗 / 锓枣
* 靈棗 / 灵枣
* 面如重棗 / 面如重枣 (miàn rú zhòngzǎo)
* 食棗約 / 食枣约
* 馬棗 / 马枣
* 鬢棗 / 鬓枣
* 鶻崙吞棗 / 鹘仑吞枣
* 鹽官棗 / 盐官枣
* 黑棗 / 黑枣 (hēizǎo)
* 龍棗 / 龙枣

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: táo (棗)

### References

* “棗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* jujube

#### Readings

* Go-on: そう (sō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō)
* Kun: なつめ (natsume, 棗)

#### Compounds

* 酸棗(さんそう) (sansō)
* 大棗(たいそう) (taisō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 棗
* なつめ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 夏 (natsu, “summer”) +‎ 芽 (me, “bud, sprout”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なつめ [nàtsúmé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [na̠t͡sɨme̞]

### Noun

棗(なつめ) or 棗(ナツメ) • (natsume)
* the jujube or Chinese date, Ziziphus jujuba
    Hypernym: 黒梅擬 (kuroumemodoki)
* a dye made from dried jujube fruits
* a small tea caddy used in the tea ceremony

#### Derived terms

* 棗(ナツメ)貝(ガイ) (natsumegai)
* 棗(なつめ)形(がた)手水(ちょうず)鉢(ばち) (natsume-gata chōzubachi)
* 棗(なつめ)玉(だま) (Natsumedama)
* 棗(ナツメ)椰(ヤ)子(シ) (natsume yashi, “date palm”, Phoenix dactylifera)
* 唐(から)棗(なつめ) (kara-natsume)
* 小(こ)棗(なつめ) (konatsume)
* 核太(サネブト)棗(ナツメ), 酸(サネブト)棗(ナツメ) (sanebuto natsume)
* 浜(ハマ)棗(ナツメ) (hama natsume)
* 平(ひら)棗(なつめ) (hira natsume)

#### See also

* 五果(ごか), 五菓(ごか) (goka, “five fruits”): 桃(もも) (momo, “peach”), 李(すもも) (sumomo, “Japanese plum”), 杏(あんず) (anzu, “apricot”), 棗(なつめ) (natsume, “jujube”), 栗(くり) (kuri, “Japanese chestnut”)

### Proper noun

棗(なつめ) • (Natsume)
* a female given name
* a surname

### References

* ↑ 2011, Toshio Komatsu, Hideo Suzuki, 新明解語源辞典 (Shin Meikai Gogen Jiten) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 689
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [조]

### Hanja

Wikisource 棗 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 조율 (棗栗, joyul)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

棗: Hán Nôm readings: táo, táu, tảo
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.