# 違

| 違 | U+9055, &#36949; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9055 |
| ← 達 [U+9054] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 遖 → [U+9056] |

## Translingual
### Han character

違 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 12 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 卜木一手 (YDMQ), four-corner 3430$_4$, composition ⿺辶韋)

#### Derived characters

* 𮉏

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1262, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39067
* Dae Jaweon: page 1756, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3868, character 4
* Unihan data for U+9055

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 違
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 禕 | *qral |
| 郼 | *qʷɯl |
| 褘 | *qʰʷɯl |
| 諱 | *qʰʷɯls |
| 媁 | *qʷɯl, *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 幃 | *ɢʷɯl |
| 違 | *ɢʷɯl |
| 圍 | *ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯls |
| 韋 | *ɢʷɯl |
| 闈 | *ɢʷɯl |
| 湋 | *ɢʷɯl |
| 鍏 | *ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 潿 | *ɢɯl |
| 韙 | *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 煒 | *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 暐 | *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 偉 | *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 瑋 | *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 葦 | *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 椲 | *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 韡 | *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 愇 | *ɢʷɯlʔ |
| 緯 | *ɢʷɯls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷɯl): semantic 辶 + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): wéi (wei$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wei$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wai$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vì
    (Hailu, HRS): vui
* Eastern Min (BUC): ùi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ui$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ûi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ui$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^2$
*** Yale: wéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: wei$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ui
*** Sinological IPA : /uei²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wai$^4$
*** Yale: wàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vì
*** Hakka Romanization System: vi$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /vi¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: vui
*** Sinological IPA: /vui⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ùi
*** Sinological IPA : /ui⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ui$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: úi
*** Sinological IPA : /ui¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi
*** Tâi-lô: uî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uii
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ui²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ui$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ûi
*** Sinological IPA : /ui⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hjw+j
Rime :
| Character | 違 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 雨非切 |
| Baxter | hjw+j |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʉi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷɨi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuəi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuj/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuəi/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwəi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /we̯i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wéi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wai$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[j]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 違 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wéi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwɨj › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷə[j]/ |
| English | go against |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 違 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12815 |
| Phonetic component | 韋 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 幃 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷɯl/ |

### Definitions

違
* to disobey, to violate
    違規／违规 ― wéiguī ― to violate regulations
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Xiàozǐ zhī yǎnglǎo yě, lè qí xīn bù wéi qí zhì. [Pinyin]
    A filial son, in nourishing his aged, (seeks to) make their hearts glad, and not to go against their wishes.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to leave; to depart; to go away from
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Hé sī wéi sī, mò gǎn huáng xī? [Pinyin]
    How was it he went away from this, not daring to take a little rest?
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be separated by (a distance of); to be apart by
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to dodge; to avoid

### Compounds

* 不得有違 / 不得有违
* 不違 / 不违
* 不違農時 / 不违农时 (bùwéinóngshí)
* 久違 / 久违 (jiǔwéi)
* 久違顏範 / 久违颜范
* 乖違 / 乖违
* 事與願違 / 事与愿违 (shìyǔyuànwéi)
* 依違 / 依违
* 依違兩可 / 依违两可
* 南北睽違 / 南北睽违
* 多違 / 多违
* 實質違建 / 实质违建
* 尤違 / 尤违
* 弼違 / 弼违
* 德音莫違 / 德音莫违
* 悖理違情 / 悖理违情
* 暌違 / 暌违 (kuíwéi)
* 犯法違理 / 犯法违理
* 玉體違和 / 玉体违和
* 相違 / 相违 (xiāngwéi)
* 睽違 / 睽违 (kuíwéi)
* 程序違建 / 程序违建
* 糾繆繩違 / 纠缪绳违
* 負心違願 / 负心违愿
* 貴體違和 / 贵体违和
* 辟違 (pìwéi)
* 逆天違理 / 逆天违理
* 逆理違天 / 逆理违天
* 違世遁俗 / 违世遁俗
* 違令 / 违令 (wéilìng)
* 違例 / 违例 (wéilì)
* 違信背約 / 违信背约
* 違利赴名 / 违利赴名
* 違反 / 违反 (wéifǎn)
* 違和 / 违和 (wéihé)
* 違命 / 违命
* 違天害理 / 违天害理
* 違天悖理 / 违天悖理
* 違害就利 / 违害就利
* 違建 / 违建 (wéijiàn)
* 違強陵弱 / 违强陵弱
* 違心 / 违心 (wéixīn)
* 違心之言 / 违心之言
* 違心之論 / 违心之论
* 違恩負義 / 违恩负义
* 違憲 / 违宪 (wéixiàn)
* 違抗 / 违抗 (wéikàng)
* 違拗 / 违拗 (wéi'ào)
* 違旨 / 违旨
* 違時絕俗 / 违时绝俗
* 違法 / 违法 (wéifǎ)
* 違法亂紀 / 违法乱纪 (wéifǎluànjì)
* 違犯 / 违犯 (wéifàn)
* 違礙 / 违碍 (wéi'ài)
* 違禁 / 违禁 (wéijìn)
* 違禁品 / 违禁品 (wéijìnpǐn)
* 違約 / 违约 (wéiyuē)
* 違紀 / 违纪 (wéijì)
* 違約交割 / 违约交割
* 違紀參選 / 违纪参选
* 違約金 / 违约金 (wéiyuējīn)
* 違背 / 违背 (wéibèi)
* 違規 / 违规 (wéiguī)
* 違言 / 违言
* 違誤 / 违误 (wéiwù)
* 違警 / 违警 (wéijǐng)
* 違警罰法 / 违警罚法
* 違越 / 违越
* 違逆 / 违逆 (wéinì)
* 違章建築 / 违章建筑
* 陽奉陰違 / 阳奉阴违 (yángfèngyīnwéi)
* 陽順陰違 / 阳顺阴违
* 隱不違親 / 隐不违亲

### References

* “違”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 違 |
| Kyūjitai | 違󠄂 違+&#xE0102; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 違󠄅 違+&#xE0105; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to differ, to vary
* to be incorrect, to make a mistake
* to run counter to, to go against, to defy

#### Readings

* Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)
* Kun: ちがう (chigau, 違う, Jōyō)、ちがえる (chigaeru, 違える, Jōyō)、たがう (tagau, 違う)、たがえる (tagaeru, 違える)、さる (saru, 違る)、そむく (somuku, 違く)、よこしま (yokoshima, 違)

#### Compounds

* 勘(かん)違(ちが)い (kanchigai)
* 筋(す)違(じか)い, 筋(す)違(じかい) (sujikai)
* 方(かた)違(たが)い (katatagai)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 違
* い Grade: S
* on'yomi
/wi/ → /i/
From Middle Chinese 違 (MC hjw+j).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [i]

### Affix

違(い) • (i)
* differ; vary
* go against; run counter to; disobey

#### Derived terms

* 違(い)令(れい) (irei)
* 違(い)例(れい) (irei)
* 違(い)反(はん) (ihan)
* 違(い)和(わ)感(かん) (iwakan)
* 違(い)失(しつ) (ishitsu)
* 違(い)憲(けん) (iken)
* 違(い)法(ほう) (ihō)
* 違(い)犯(はん) (ihan)
* 違(い)算(さん) (isan)
* 違(い)約(やく) (iyaku)
* 違(い)背(はい) (ihai)
* 相(そう)違(い) (sōi)
* 非(ひ)違(い) (hī)

### References

* ↑ “違”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

違 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

違: Hán Nôm readings: vi
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.