OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# შოშია
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃoʃia]
* Hyphenation: შო‧შია

### Noun

შოშია • (šošia) (plural შოშიები)
* starling
    Synonym: შროშანი (šrošani)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Related terms

* შროშანი (šrošani)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: շոշիա (šošia) — Tbilisi

### Further reading

* Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “შოშია”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
# შპატი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From German.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃpʼatʼi]

### Noun

შპატი • (šṗaṭi) (uncountable)
* spar, spavin

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# შრომისმოყვარე
## Georgian
### Etymology

From შრომა (šroma) +‎ მოყვარე (moq̇vare).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃɾomismoχʼʷaɾe]
* Hyphenation: შრო‧მის‧მოყ‧ვა‧რე

### Noun

შრომისმოყვარე • (šromismoq̇vare) (plural შრომისმოყვარეები)
* diligent, industrious, hard-working, workaholic

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Derived terms

* შრომისმოყვარეობა (šromismoq̇vareoba)
# შროშანი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃɾoʃani]
* Hyphenation: შრო‧შა‧ნი

### Etymology 1

From Old Georgian შროშანი (šrošani), ultimately from Egyptian. Compare Old Armenian շուշան (šušan).

#### Noun

შროშანი • (šrošani) (plural შროშნები)
* lily
    Synonym: სოსანი (sosani)

##### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Further reading

* Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “შროშანი1”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
* Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “შროშანი”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary]‎, Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 419b

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

შროშანი • (šrošani) (plural შროშნები)
* starling
    Synonym: შოშია (šošia)

##### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

##### Related terms

* შოშია (šošia)

##### Descendants

* → Bats: შორშაჼ (šoršã)

#### Further reading

* Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “შროშანი2”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
* Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “შროშანი”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary]‎, Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 419b

## Old Georgian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Egyptian. Compare Old Armenian շուշան (šušan).

### Noun

შროშანი • (šrošani)
* lily

#### Descendants

* Georgian: შროშანი (šrošani)

### Further reading

* Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “შროშანი”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎ (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 507
# შტაბი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From German.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃtʼabi]

### Noun

შტაბი • (šṭabi) (plural შტაბები)
* headquarters

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# შუაგული ზაფხული
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃuaɡuli zapʰχuli]
* Hyphenation: შუ‧ა‧გუ‧ლი ზა‧ფხუ‧ლი

### Noun

შუაგული ზაფხული • (šuaguli zapxuli) (usually uncountable, plural შუაგული ზაფხულები)
* middle of summer, high summer
    Synonyms: შუა ზაფხული (šua zapxuli), გაგანია ზაფხული (gagania zapxuli)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# შულერი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Russian шулер (šuler), from Polish szuler.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʃuleɾi]

### Noun

შულერი • (šuleri) (plural შულერები)
* blackleg, cardsharper

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ჩაიხანა
## Georgian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian چایخانه (čâyxâne, “teahouse”), equivalent to ჩაი (čai) +‎ -ხანა (-xana).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰaiχana]
* Hyphenation: ჩა‧ი‧ხა‧ნა

### Noun

ჩაიხანა • (čaixana) (plural ჩაიხანები)
* (colloquial) teahouse, tea shop
    Synonym: საჩაიე (sačaie)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ჩაკვეტაძე
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰakʼʷetʼad͡ze]
* Hyphenation: ჩაკ‧ვე‧ტა‧ძე

### Proper noun

ჩაკვეტაძე • (čaḳveṭaʒe)
* a surname

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ჩამოტვირთვა
## Georgian
### Etymology

From ჩამო- (čamo-) +‎ ტვირთვა (ṭvirtva).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰamotʼʷiɾtʰʷa]
* Hyphenation: ჩა‧მოტ‧ვირ‧თვა

### Noun

ჩამოტვირთვა • (čamoṭvirtva) (plural ჩამოტვირთვები)
* (computing) download, downloading

### Verbal noun

ჩამოტვირთვა • (čamoṭvirtva)
* verbal noun of ჩამოტვირთავს (čamoṭvirtavs)
# ჩანგალი
## Georgian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian چنگال (čangâl, “fork; hook”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰaŋɡali]

### Noun

ჩანგალი • (čangali) (plural ჩანგლები)
* fork

### References

* Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “ჩანგალი”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
# Vernizzi
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Vernizzi m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# ჩატბოტი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From English chatbot.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰatʼbotʼi]
* Hyphenation: ჩატ‧ბო‧ტი

### Noun

ჩატბოტი • (čaṭboṭi) (plural ჩატბოტები)
* (machine learning, Internet slang, neologism) chatbot

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ჩაფხუტი
## Georgian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰapʰχutʼi]
* Hyphenation: ჩა‧ფხუ‧ტი

### Noun

ჩაფხუტი • (čapxuṭi) (plural ჩაფხუტები)
* helmet
    Synonym: ჩაბალახი (čabalaxi)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ჩაჩანი
## Georgian

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification with the reason: “User:Reordcraeft, a native speaker, says this term is incorrect”
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰat͡ʃʰani]
* Hyphenation: ჩა‧ჩა‧ნი

### Noun

ჩაჩანი • (čačani) (plural ჩაჩანები)
* (rare) Chechen (native or inhabitant of Chechnya)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ჩერქეზი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰeɾkʰezi]
* Hyphenation: ჩერ‧ქე‧ზი

### Noun

ჩერქეზი • (čerkezi) (plural ჩერქეზები)
* Circassian (member of the Circassian people)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ჩეხური ენა
## Georgian

* A user has added this entry to requests for deletion.
* Please see that page for discussion and justifications beyond the initial comment of: “SoP, see Wiktionary:Requests_for_deletion/Non-English#ფრანგული_ენა”. You may continue to edit this entry while the discussion proceeds, but please mention significant edits at the RFD discussion and ensure that the intention of votes already cast is not left unclear. Do not remove the {{rfd}} until the debate has finished.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰeχuɾi ena]
* Hyphenation: ჩე‧ხუ‧რი ენა

### Proper noun

ჩეხური ენა • (čexuri ena)
* Czech language

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

### See also

* ჩეხეთი (čexeti)
* ჩეხი (čexi)
* ჩეხური (čexuri)
# ჩინარი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰinaɾi]
* Hyphenation: ჩი‧ნა‧რი

### Noun

ჩინარი • (činari) (plural ჩინარები)
* planetree

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ჩირქი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Persian چرک (čerk).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰiɾkʰi]
* Hyphenation: ჩირ‧ქი

### Noun

ჩირქი • (čirki) (uncountable)
* pus

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Derived terms

* ჩირქის მიცხება (čirkis micxeba)
* ჩირქს წასცხებს (čirks c̣ascxebs)
* ჩირქის წაცხება (čirkis c̣acxeba)
# ჩიტბატონა
## Georgian
### Etymology

From ჩიტი (čiṭi) +‎ ბატონი (baṭoni) +‎ ა (a).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰitʼbatʼona]
* Hyphenation: ჩიტ‧ბა‧ტო‧ნა

### Noun

ჩიტბატონა • (čiṭbaṭona) (plural ჩიტბატონები)
* goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)
* red-fronted serin (Serinus pusillus)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

### Further reading

* Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “ჩიტბატონა”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
# ჩმორი
## Georgian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian чмо (čmo).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰmoɾi]
* Hyphenation: ჩმო‧რი

### Adjective

ჩმორი • (čmori) (comparative უფრო ჩმორი, superlative ყველაზე ჩმორი)
* (colloquial, offensive) timid, easily manipulable, weak

#### Declension
### Noun

ჩმორი • (čmori) (plural ჩმორები)
* (colloquial, offensive) easily manipulable, weak, timid and otherwise undesirable person; schmuck

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# -їст
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ jist]

### Suffix

-їст • (-jist) m (feminine -ї́стка, variant -іст or -ист)
* -ist

#### Derived terms

* -ї́стка (-jístka)
# ჩრდილოეთ-დასავლეთი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰɾdiɫoetʰdasavletʰi]
* Hyphenation: ჩრდი‧ლო‧ეთ-და‧სავ‧ლე‧თი

### Noun

ჩრდილოეთ-დასავლეთი • (črdiloet-dasavleti) (uncountable)
* alternative form of ჩრდილო-დასავლეთი (črdilo-dasavleti)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ჩხრიალა გველი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃʰχɾiaɫa ɡ̊ʷeli]
* Hyphenation: ჩხრი‧ა‧ლა გვე‧ლი

### Noun

ჩხრიალა გველი • (čxriala gveli) (plural ჩხრიალა გველები)
* rattlesnake

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ცალკე
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sʰalkʼe]

### Adverb

ცალკე • (calḳe)
* separately
    Antonym: ერთად (ertad)

#### Derived terms

* ცალკე ამონაბეჭდი (calḳe amonabeč̣di)
* ცალკეული (calḳeuli)

### Adjective

ცალკე • (calḳe) (indeclinable, comparative უფრო ცალკე, superlative ყველაზე ცალკე)
* separate
    Synonym: ცალკეული (calḳeuli)
# ცენტრალური მცველი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sʰentʼɾaɫuɾi mt͡sʰʷeli]
* Hyphenation: ცენ‧ტრა‧ლუ‧რი მცვე‧ლი

### Noun

ცენტრალური მცველი • (cenṭraluri mcveli) (plural ცენტრალური მცველები)
* (soccer) central defender, centre-back

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ცეცხლგამძლე კედელი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sʰet͡sʰχlɡamd͡zle kʼedeli]
* Hyphenation: ცეცხ‧ლგამ‧ძლე კე‧დე‧ლი

### Noun

ცეცხლგამძლე კედელი • (cecxlgamʒle ḳedeli) (plural ცეცხლგამძლე კედლები)
* firewall, fireproof wall (construction)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# ცივსისხლიანი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From ცივი (civi) +‎ სისხლი (sisxli) +‎ -იანი (-iani).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sʰifsisχliani]

### Adjective

ცივსისხლიანი • (civsisxliani) (comparative უფრო ცივსისხლიანი, superlative ყველაზე ცივსისხლიანი)
* (zoology) cold-blooded
* (figurative) lacking emotion, cold-blooded

#### Declension
### References

* Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “ცივსისხლიანი”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press
# ციმბირის წყლული
## Georgian
### Etymology

Calque of Russian сибирская язва (sibirskaja jazva).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sʰimbiɾis t͡sʼχʼɫuli]
* Hyphenation: ციმ‧ბი‧რის წყლუ‧ლი

### Proper noun

ციმბირის წყლული • (cimbiris c̣q̇luli)
* anthrax (disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis)
    Synonyms: ჯილეხი (ǯilexi), ანტრაქსი (anṭraksi), ხუზარა (xuzara)
# ცინდალი
## Georgian
### Alternative forms

* ცინტალი (cinṭali) — Guria, Imereti, Racha

### Etymology

From Proto-Kartvelian *cindal-, cognate with Svan ცინდა̈უ̂ (cindäû, “offspring, chick, brood”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sʰindali]
* Hyphenation: ცინ‧და‧ლი

### Noun

ცინდალი • (cindali) (plural ცინდლები)
* (western) kitten
    Synonym: კნუტი (ḳnuṭi)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Descendants

* → Laz: ცინტალი (ʒinťali)
* → Mingrelian: ცინდალი (cindali)
* → Svan: ცინდალ (cindal)

#### See also

* კატა (ḳaṭa)

### References

* Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 870

## Mingrelian
### Alternative forms

* ცინდაი (cindai) — Martvili–Bandza

### Etymology

From Georgian ცინდალი (cindali).

### Noun

ცინდალი • (cindali) (plural ცინდალეფი)
* kitten

#### See also

* კატუ (ḳaṭu)
* ციბა (ciba)

### Further reading

* Kajaia, Otar (2005) “ცინდალი”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian–Georgian Dictionary], online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 1761
* Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 870
* Kobalia, Alio (2010) “ცინდალი”, in Merab Čuxua, Nona Kobalia, Nana Kobalia, editors, Megruli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian Dictionary] (Ḳolxuri seria; 7)‎, online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN
* Pipia, Daniel (2008) “ცინდალი”, in Tamaz Pipia, Givi Boǯgua, editors, Megruli saleksiḳono masalebi [Megrelian dictionary materials] (Ḳolxuri seria; 3)‎, online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN
# charisma
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (khắrĭsmă, “grace, favour, gift”), from χᾰρῐ́ζομαι (khărĭ́zomai, “I show favor”), from χᾰ́ρῐς (khắrĭs, “grace”), from χαίρω (khaírō, “I am happy”). Doublet of charism.
Outside of theology, a semantic loan from German Charisma in the work of German sociologist Max Weber, originally denoting the special ability of certain leaders to inspire devotion. By the 1940s, the term was used more loosely to refer to personal charm in general.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəˈɹɪzmə/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

charisma (usually uncountable, plural charismas or charismata)
* Personal charm or magnetism.
* (Christianity) An extraordinary power granted by the Holy Spirit.
* The ability to influence without the use of logic.

#### Synonyms

* charm, spell

#### Derived terms

* charismaless
* charismania
* charismatic

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* ↑ “charisma, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

### Anagrams

* archaism, machairs

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (khắrĭsmă).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌxaːˈrɪs.maː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: cha‧ris‧ma
* Rhymes: -ɪsmaː

### Noun

charisma n (plural charisma's or charismata)
* (Christianity) charisma (gift of the Holy Spirit)
    Synonym: genadegave
* charisma (personal affability)

#### Derived terms

* charismaticus
* charismatisch

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (khắrĭsmă, “grace, favour, gift”).

### Noun

charisma n (genitive charismatis); third declension
* gift, present, favor
* spiritual gift, gift of God, God-given grace

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

### References

* “charisma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* charisma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “charisma”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎, London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
# النرويج
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* نُرْوِيج (nurwīj), النَّرُوج (an-narūj), نَرُوج (narūj)

### Etymology

Borrowed from French Norvège.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /an.nur.wiːd͡ʒ/

### Proper noun

اَلنُّرْوِيج • (an-nurwīj) f
* Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)

#### Usage notes

* This is one of the country names which requires the definite article ال (al-).

#### Related terms

* نُرْوِيجِيّ (nurwījiyy)
* نَرُوجِيّ (narūjiyy)

#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “نرويج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic اَلنُّرْوِيج (an-nurwīj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /an.nur.wiːd͡ʒ/, /an.nar.wiːd͡ʒ/

### Proper noun

النُّرْوِيج or النَّرْوِيج • (an-nurwīj or an-narwīj) f
* Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)

#### Usage notes

* This is one of the country names which requires the definite article ال.

#### Related terms

* نرويجي (nurwīji, narwīji, “Norwegian”) (masculine)
* نرويجية (nurwījiyya, narwījiyya, “Norwegian”) (feminine)
# stroj
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech stroj, from Proto-Slavic *strojь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈstroj]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: stroj

### Noun

stroj m inan
* machine
    Synonym: mašina
    šicí stroj ― sewing machine

#### Derived terms

* strojírenský
* strojní
* strojový
* hodinový stroj
* jednoduchý stroj
* kladkostroj
* nástroj
* ohňostroj
* parní stroj
* postroj
* přístroj
* strojař
* strojařství
* strojárna
* strojek
* strojvedoucí
* strojvůdce
* strojvůdkyně
* tiskový stroj
* ústrojí
* výstroj
* nastrojit
* odstrojit
* podstrojovat
* přestrojit
* sestrojit
* strojit
* ustrojit
* vystrojit

#### Descendants

* Serbo-Croatian strȏj

### Further reading

* “stroj”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “stroj”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “stroj”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *strojь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈstroj/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈstroj/

### Noun

stroj m inan
* machine

#### Descendants

* Czech: stroj

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “stroj”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /strôːj/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed by Bogoslav Šulek from Czech stroj.

#### Noun

strȏj m (Cyrillic spelling стро̑ј)
* machine, engine
* adjuster

##### Derived terms

* strójnica

#### Further reading

* “stroj”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *strojь.

#### Noun

strȏj m (Cyrillic spelling стро̑ј)
* array
* (military) formation

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “stroj”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *strojь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [strɔj]

### Noun

stroj m inan (relational adjective strojový or strojný, diminutive strojček or strojok, augmentative strojisko)
* machine (mechanical or electrical device)

#### Derived terms

* strojovo, strojove

### Further reading

* “stroj”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian stroj, which in turn is a borrowing from Czech.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /strɔ́j/

### Noun

strȍj m inan
* machine

#### Derived terms

* strôjček
* strôjen
* strôjnica

### References

* “stroj”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025
# teosol
## Old English
### Alternative forms

* tasul, tesul

### Noun

teosol m
* die

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “teosol”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# sluggy
## English
### Etymology

From slug +‎ -y.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈslʌɡi/
* Audio (Southern England):noicon(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌɡi

### Adjective

sluggy (comparative more sluggy, superlative most sluggy)
* Resembling or characteristic of a slug (gastropod mollusk).
* (obsolete) Sluggish.
# jēdzīgajām
## Latvian
### Adjective

jēdzīgajām
* definite dative/instrumental feminine plural of jēdzīgs
# glucosamine
## English
### Etymology

From glucose +‎ -amine.

### Noun

glucosamine (countable and uncountable, plural glucosamines)
* (biochemistry) An amino derivative of glucose that is a component of polysaccharides such as chitin; it is marketed as a dietary supplement supposedly to reduce the symptoms of arthritis.
    Synonym: chitosamine

#### Derived terms

* aspartylglucosamine
* diglucosamine
* glucosaminic
* glucosaminic acid
* glucosaminide
* glucosaminyl
* phosphoglucosamine

#### Translations
## Italian
### Noun

glucosamine f
* plural of glucosamina
# ორეგონი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [oɾeɡoni]
* Hyphenation: ორე‧გო‧ნი

### Proper noun

ორეგონი • (oregoni) (uncountable)
* Oregon (A state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# 펜실베니아
## Korean
### Etymology

From English Pennsylvania.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [pʰe̞nɕʰiɭbe̞nia̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [펜실베니아]

### Proper noun

펜실베니아 • (Pensilbenia)
* [~주(州)] Alternative form of 펜실베이니아 (Pensilbeinia): Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)
# ເພນຊິນເວເນຍ
## Lao
### Etymology

From English Pennsylvania.

### Pronunciation

* (Vientiane) IPA: [pʰeːn˧˥.sin˧˥.ʋeː˧˥.niːə̯˧˥]
* (Luang Prabang) IPA: [pʰeːn˩˨.sin˩˨.ʋeː˩˨.niːə̯˩˨]
* Hyphenation: ເພນ-ຊິນ-ເວ-ເນຍ
* Rhymes: -iːə̯

### Proper noun

ເພນຊິນເວເນຍ • (phēn sin wē nīa)
* Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)
# glucose
## English
### Etymology

Through French, from Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “wine, must”); note: -ose comes from glucose, not the other way round. In other words, the view of the word glucose as gluco- + -ose is a reanalysis rather than a historical etymology. This is unusual for being a reanalysis that works completely, that is, without any leftover nonsense syllables (such as the ham- in reanalyzed hamburger).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɡluːkəʊz/, /ˈɡluːkəʊs/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US, Canada) IPA: /ˈɡlukoʊs/, /ˈɡlukoʊz/
** Audio (Canada):(file)

### Noun

glucose (countable and uncountable, plural glucoses)
* (biochemistry) A simple monosaccharide (sugar) with a molecular formula of C$_6$H$_{12}$O$_6$; it is a principle source of energy for cellular metabolism.

#### Synonyms

* grape sugar
* blood sugar
* corn sugar

#### Hypernyms

* aldohexose
* hexose
* monosaccharide

#### Hyponyms

* dextrose
* D-glucose
* L-glucose
* dextroglucose
* glucopyranose
* glucofuranose

#### Derived terms

* anhydroglucose
* carboxymethyl glucose
* confectioner's glucose
* deoxyglucose
* fasting glucose
* fluorodeoxyglucose
* glucase
* glucosamine
* glucose 6-phosphate
* glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
* glucose-fructose
* glucose-fructose syrup
* glucoselike
* glucose syrup
* glucosic
* glucoside
* glucosiduronate
* glucosuria
* glucosyl
* glucuronic
* glucurono-
* glutose
* glycerophosphoglucose
* isoglucose
* monoglucose
* nitroglucose
* nonglucose
* oral glucose
* pentagalloylglucose
* phosphatidylglucose
* phosphoglucose
* phosphoglucoseisomerase
* polyglucose
* random glucose

#### Related terms

* licorice

#### See also

* glycose
* levoglucose

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

glucose m (uncountable)
* glucose

#### Synonyms

* druivensuiker

## French
### Etymology

Coined by French chemist Eugène-Melchior Péligot, from Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡly.koz/
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Noun

glucose m (plural glucoses)
* glucose

#### Derived terms

* glucosé
* glucoser
* glucoserie
* glucoside
* reglucoser

### Verb

glucose
* inflection of glucoser:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “glucose”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.