# aka
## Translingual
### Symbol

aka
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Akan.

## English
### Etymology 1

Maori [Term?]

#### Noun

aka
* The New Zealand vine Metrosideros fulgens.

### Etymology 2
#### Preposition

aka
* Alternative letter-case form of AKA
** 2023 March 3, For AR People, “Legislators try new tricks to tank citizens’ right to put issues on the ballot”, in Arkansas Times‎:The Arkansas Legislature, aka the broligarchy, does not believe in the people’s right to the ballot process. This is as disappointing as is it unconstitutional, though the unconstitutionality isn’t stopping the bill’s sponsors.

### Anagrams

* aak

## Central Nahuatl
### Alternative forms

* (Cholula): aca
* (Texcoco): akah

### Pronoun

aka
* someone, somebody.

## Coatepec Nahuatl
### Noun

aka
* reed, cane.

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse aka (“to move, to drive”), from Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Cognates include Latin agō (“I drive”), Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अजति (ajati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛaːʰka/
* Rhymes: -ɛaːʰka

### Verb

aka (third person singular past indicative ók, third person plural past indicative óku, supine ikið)
* to drive

#### Conjugation

$^1$Only the past participle being declined.

## Hanunoo
### Alternative forms

* aka'

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aka (“elder sibling”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʔakaʔ/ [ˈʔa.kɐʔ]
* Rhymes: -akaʔ
* Syllabification: a‧ka

### Noun

akà (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜣ)
* older sibling
    Synonym: kaka

#### Derived terms

* akaan

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 23
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*aka”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Hawaiian
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *ata. Cognates include Maori ata, Samoan ata, and Tokelauan ata.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.ka/, [ˈɐ.kə]

### Verb

aka
* (stative) to appear bright

### Noun

aka
* shadow

## Iban
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /akaʔ/
* Hyphenation: a‧ka

### Noun

aka
* older brother

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse aka (“to move, to drive”), from Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Cognates include Latin agō (“I drive”), Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अजति (ajati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːka/
* Rhymes: -aːka

### Verb

aka (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative ók, third-person plural past indicative óku, supine ekið)
* to drive [intransitive or with dative ‘a vehicle’]
    Synonym: keyra
    Aki maður gegn rauðu ljósi má hann eiga von á sekt.If a man drives against (i.e. past) a red light, he may expect a fine.
    Að aka bifreið er harla ólíkt því að aka hestvagni.Driving a motorcar is very different from driving a horse-drawn carriage.
* to move slightly, to budge

#### Derived terms

* aka sér (“to squirm, to writhe”)
* aka framhjá (“to drive by, to drive past”)

## Japanese
### Romanization

aka
* Rōmaji transcription of あか
* Rōmaji transcription of アカ

## Kikuyu
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aka/

#### Verb

aka (infinitive gwaka)
* to build

##### Derived terms

(Nouns)
* mwaki class 1
(Proverbs)
* mũrurĩ ndwakaga

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /àkǎ/

#### Noun

aka class 2
* plural of mũka

### References

* Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 360. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).

## Latvian
### Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *ak- (with an extra -ā), from Proto-Indo-European *okʷ-, from *h₃okʷ-, *h₃ekʷ- “eye”, whence also Latvian acs “eye”, (q.v.); in fact, aka is, historically speaking, a variant of acs. The semantic relation goes clearly via the similarity of a hole (from which one obtains water) to an eye. Initially probably used for “ice-hole” (like its Lithuanian cognate), and later “well.” Cognates (in addition to those listed under acs include Lithuanian akà, ãkas (“ice-hole”), Old Church Slavonic око (oko, “eye”) (gen. очесе (očese)), Russian poetic о́ко (óko), Bulgarian око́ (okó), Czech, Polish oko, Ancient Greek ὀπή (opḗ, “hole, opening, cave; visiion”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aka]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

aka f (4th declension)
* well (a hole in the ground, from which water can be obtained)
    artēziskā aka ― artesian well
    drenāžas aka ― drain well
    akas ūdens ― well water
    akas vinda ― well winch
    akas grodi ― well curb
    rakt aku ― to dig a well
    iet uz aku pēc ūdens ― to go to a well for (= to get) water
    tumšs kā akā ― as dark as in a well (= very dark)
    Līču pagalmā ir... dziļa un stipriem grodiem izbūvēta aka ― in the backyard of the Līcis (family)... there is a deep well, built with a strong curb

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “aka”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Lavukaleve
### Conjunction

aka
* then

## Lote
### Noun

aka
* canoe

### References

* Greg Pearson, René van den Berg, Lote Grammar Sketch (2008)

## Maori
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *aka (compare with Hawaiian aʻa), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ (compare with Malay akar).

### Noun

aka
* root (of plant)

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wakaR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* ake (e-infinitive)

### Etymology

From Old Norse aka, from Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from the root *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”). Doublet of åka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²aː.ka/, /²a.ka/

### Verb

aka (present tense ek or akar, past tense ok or aka, supine eke or aka, past participle eken or aka, present participle akande, imperative ak)
* to glide, slide slowly
* to glide on a sledge

### References

* “aka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aukaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-. Cognate with Old English ēacan, Old Saxon ōkian, Old Norse auka, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (aukan), Latin augeō, and Ancient Greek αὐξάνω (auxánō).

### Verb

āka
* to increase, enlarge

#### Conjugation
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Cognates include Latin agō (“I drive”), Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अजति (ajati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ak‧a

### Verb

aka (singular past indicative ók, plural past indicative óku, past participle ekinn)
* to drive (e.g. a cart)

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: aka
* Faroese: aka
* Norwegian:
** Norwegian Nynorsk: aka, ake
** Norwegian Bokmål: ake, åke
* Dalian: aka
** Elfdalian: åka
* Old Swedish: aka
** Swedish: åka
* Scanian: aga
* Old Danish: akæ
** Danish: age
* Gutnish: ake
* → Scots: oag, hoag; aik
* → English: aik (Northern England, Scotland, rare)

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “aka”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Old Swedish
### Alternative forms

* ᛆᚴᛆ

### Etymology

From Old Norse aka (“to move, to drive”), from Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Cognates include Latin agō (“I drive”), Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अजति (ajati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

### Verb

aka
* to drive

#### Descendants

* Swedish: åka

## Ometepec Nahuatl
### Noun

aka
* reed

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English AKA.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.ka/
* Rhymes: -aka
* Syllabification: a‧ka

### Particle

aka
* (with pseudonyms) AKA, alias
    Synonyms: alias, vel

### Further reading

* aka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* aka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Pukapukan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ.

### Noun

aka
* root (of plant)

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wakaR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Quechua
### Noun

aka
* feces, excrement

#### See also

* akay

## Rapa Nui
### Etymology

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *aka. Cognates include Hawaiian aʻa and Maori aka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.ka/
* Hyphenation: a‧ka

### Noun

aka
* root (of plant)

### References

* Veronica Du Feu (1996) Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 206

## Rayón Zoque
### Noun

aka
* shore

### References

* Harrison, Roy, B. de Harrison, Margaret, López Juárez, Francisco, Ordoñes, Cosme (1984) Vocabulario zoque de Rayón (Serie de diccionarios y vocabularios indígenas Mariano Silva y Aceves; 28)‎ (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 3

## Sranan Tongo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaka/, [ˈa̠ka̠], [ˈɑ̟kɑ̟]

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch haak.

#### Noun

aka
* hook

### Etymology 2

From English hawk.

#### Noun

aka
* medium to large bird of prey; hawk, eagle, etc.

## Swahili
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-aka (infinitive kuaka)
* to build
* to fence

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -aka :
| Positive present | -naaka |
| Subjunctive | -ake |
| Negative | -aki |
| Imperative singular | aka |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuaka |
| Negative | kutoaka |
Imperatives :
| Singular | aka |
| Plural | akeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huaka |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -liaka |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuaka |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -taaka |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -taaka |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -siake |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeaka |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeaka |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngaliaka |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singaliaka |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meaka |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshaaka |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jaaka |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kiaka |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipoaka |
| Consecutive | kaaka / positive subject concord + -kaaka |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kaake |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Nominal derivations:
** mwashi (“mason”)

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈka/ [ʔɐˈxa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: a‧ka

### Interjection

aká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ) (obsolete)
* Alternative form of aha

### Further reading

* “aka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Taivoan
### Noun

aka
* older brother or older sister.

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈa.ka]

### Verb

aka
* (transitive) to toss, throw

#### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Tokelauan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈa.ka]
* Hyphenation: a‧ka

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *aka. Cognates include Hawaiian aʻa and Samoan a'a.

#### Noun

aka
* root

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *qaka. Cognates include Tuvaluan aka and Samoan a'a.

#### Noun

aka
* heel
* kick

#### Verb

aka (plural taaka)
* (intransitive) to kick
* (transitive) to kick
* (transitive) to back-heel
* (transitive, weaving) to weave (a skirt) by holding the weaving string on the foot

### References

* R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎, Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 9

## Tongan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ka/

### Noun

aka
* root (of plant)
* East Asian arrowroot (Pueraria montana var. lobata)

### References

* ↑ Churchward, C. M. (1959). Tongan Dictionary. London, Oxford University Press.

### Further reading

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wakaR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Torres Strait Creole
### Noun

aka
* grandmother

## Tsonga
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognate with Zulu -akha.

### Verb

-aka
* to build, to construct, to erect
* to inhabit
* to be ingrained

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### References

(put reference template here)

## Turkish
### Noun

aka
* dative singular of ak

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai اکا (aka), from Proto-Turkic *āka (“(older) brother”). Compare Uyghur ئاكا (aka), Southern Altai ака (aka), Kazakh аға (ağa), Kyrgyz ага (aga), Turkmen aga, Azerbaijani ağa, Turkish ağa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.ka/, [æ.k̟æ]
* Hyphenation: a‧ka

### Noun

aka (plural akalar)
* older brother

#### Related terms

* uka (“younger brother”)

#### Descendants

* → Tajik: ака (aka, “older brother”)

## Wauja
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈka/

### Interjection

aka
* ow, ouch (expressing pain, especially sharp pain, or pain at being struck)
    Aka! Tyenho hokota natu.
       Ouch! The knife cut me.
    Aka! Kaupai nutanaka!
       Ow! My back hurts!
    Aka! Ata onuka natu!
       Ouch! That branch hit me.
    Mainyataitsawi. Aka! Aka! Aka! umawi.
       They struck [him] repeatedly. Ow! Ow! Ow! [he] said.
* oh, oops (expressing startlement, embarrassment, surprise, or shock)
    Aka! Takata nuutsa.Oops! I dropped it.(literally, “[it] simply fell from me.”)
* oh, aah (expressing alarm, fright, shock or grief)
    Aka! Pityahoma! Talukene minya aitsu!Aah! Run fast, [or] they'll bite us! [Said when village dogs were chasing us.]
    Aka! Aminya!Oh! Don't [do that]! (Watch out!)

### References

* E. Ireland field notes. Need to be checked by native speaker.

## Ye'kwana
### Alternative forms

* a'ka (Cunucunuma River dialect)

### Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *jaka. Synchronically as if suffixed with -ka (“to, at”). Compare Apalaí aka, Hixkaryana yaka, Macushi yapî', and Waiwai yaka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aka]

### Postposition

aka
* (Caura River dialect and Brazil) at, in, on, to; indicates a specific location or goal at a non-aquatic object of class 1

#### Usage notes

A possessed noun that is the object of this postposition does not take the possessed suffix -dü. The postposition can thus combine with nouns referring to body parts and parts of objects to form more complex postpositions/relational nouns.

#### See also
### References

* Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “aka”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, pages 267–272
* Costa, Isabella Coutinho, Silva, Marcelo Costa da, Rodrigues, Edmilson Magalhães (2021) “aka”, in Portal Japiim: Dicionário Ye'kwana‎, Museu do Índio/FUNAI
* Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, page 296: “a'ka 'in, at'”
* Hall, Katherine (2007) “aʔka”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series‎, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021

## Yemsa
### Noun

aka
* water
* river

### References

* R. J. Hayward, Omotic Language Studies →ISBN, 2012), page 116
* The Sound of Indo-european: Phonetics, Phonemics →ISBN, 2012), page 8: Omotic: (North) Yemsa aka id. (Appleyard 2006, 144)

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *á-ká. Cognate with Igbo aka (“arm/hand”), Nupe ekpá (“shoulder”), Olukumi áká (“shoulder, wing”), Igala íká (“wing”), Itsekiri iká, possibly a Doublet of èjìká. The root is reconstructed to Proto-Niger-Congo *-ka (“hand”), where it is believed to have held the meaning "five." See Defaka ápá as well

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ká/

#### Noun

aká
* (Owe, Ekiti, Ondo) arm, branch
    Synonym: apá

##### Descendants

* Yoruba: ọ̀gụ̀nrụ̀nká (“shoulder”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.kā/

#### Noun

aká
* The plant Cynometra mannii in the genus Cynometra

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ká/

#### Noun

aká
* a crippled person
    Synonyms: amúkùn-ún, arọ, ẹlẹ́gbà

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à.ká/

#### Noun

àká
* a storage for farm produce, barn, root cellar
    Synonyms: abà, ahéré

##### Derived terms

* àká-ọ̀rọ̀ (“lexicon”)

## Zazaki
### Adverb

aka
* so