# panama
## English
### Noun

panama (plural panamas)
* Alternative form of Panama (“type of hat”)
** 1918, Schedules M and N, free list, customs administration and income tax; subject index, page 1515:The difference between the two classifications has always been intended to cover unblocked and untrimmed hat bodies, such as panamas, bangkoks, and leghorns, and other hats which are woven by the natives in South American and oriental countries where they are produced.

### Anagrams

* Anampa

## Finnish
### Etymology

From English Panama (weave).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑnɑmɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝nɑ̝mɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑnɑmɑ
* Hyphenation: pa‧na‧ma

### Noun

panama
* Panama weave

#### Declension

Possessive forms of panama (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
panamani
panamani
accusative
nom.
panamani
panamani
gen.
panamani
genitive
panamani
panamojeni panamaini $^{rare}$
partitive
panamaani
panamojani
inessive
panamassani
panamoissani
elative
panamastani
panamoistani
illative
panamaani
panamoihini
adessive
panamallani
panamoillani
ablative
panamaltani
panamoiltani
allative
panamalleni
panamoilleni
essive
panamanani
panamoinani
translative
panamakseni
panamoikseni
abessive
panamattani
panamoittani
instructive
comitative
—panamoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
panamasi
panamasi
accusative
nom.
panamasi
panamasi
gen.
panamasi
genitive
panamasi
panamojesi panamaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
panamaasi
panamojasi
inessive
panamassasi
panamoissasi
elative
panamastasi
panamoistasi
illative
panamaasi
panamoihisi
adessive
panamallasi
panamoillasi
ablative
panamaltasi
panamoiltasi
allative
panamallesi
panamoillesi
essive
panamanasi
panamoinasi
translative
panamaksesi
panamoiksesi
abessive
panamattasi
panamoittasi
instructive
comitative
—panamoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
panamamme
panamamme
accusative
nom.
panamamme
panamamme
gen.
panamamme
genitive
panamamme
panamojemme panamaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
panamaamme
panamojamme
inessive
panamassamme
panamoissamme
elative
panamastamme
panamoistamme
illative
panamaamme
panamoihimme
adessive
panamallamme
panamoillamme
ablative
panamaltamme
panamoiltamme
allative
panamallemme
panamoillemme
essive
panamanamme
panamoinamme
translative
panamaksemme
panamoiksemme
abessive
panamattamme
panamoittamme
instructive
comitative
—panamoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
panamanne
panamanne
accusative
nom.
panamanne
panamanne
gen.
panamanne
genitive
panamanne
panamojenne panamainne $^{rare}$
partitive
panamaanne
panamojanne
inessive
panamassanne
panamoissanne
elative
panamastanne
panamoistanne
illative
panamaanne
panamoihinne
adessive
panamallanne
panamoillanne
ablative
panamaltanne
panamoiltanne
allative
panamallenne
panamoillenne
essive
panamananne
panamoinanne
translative
panamaksenne
panamoiksenne
abessive
panamattanne
panamoittanne
instructive
comitative
—panamoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
panamansa
panamansa
accusative
nom.
panamansa
panamansa
gen.
panamansa
genitive
panamansa
panamojensa panamainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
panamaansa
panamojaan panamojansa
inessive
panamassaan panamassansa
panamoissaan panamoissansa
elative
panamastaan panamastansa
panamoistaan panamoistansa
illative
panamaansa
panamoihinsa
adessive
panamallaan panamallansa
panamoillaan panamoillansa
ablative
panamaltaan panamaltansa
panamoiltaan panamoiltansa
allative
panamalleen panamallensa
panamoilleen panamoillensa
essive
panamanaan panamanansa
panamoinaan panamoinansa
translative
panamakseen panamaksensa
panamoikseen panamoiksensa
abessive
panamattaan panamattansa
panamoittaan panamoittansa
instructive
comitative
—panamoineen panamoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* panamasidos

### Further reading

* “panama”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

panama m (plural panamas)
* Panama hat

### Further reading

* “panama”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɒnɒmɒ]
* Hyphenation: pa‧na‧ma
* Rhymes: -mɒ

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Panama (“financial scandal, bribery”) or from German Panama-Skandal (“Panama scandals”).

#### Noun

panama (plural panamák)
* large-scale bribery, embezzlement or fraud, where an official provides an advantage to themselves or an associated person or company, resulting in harm to the public

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

(sense hat): Ellipsis of panamakalap.
(sense fabric): Borrowed from German Panama (“loosely woven fabric”).

#### Noun

panama (plural panamák)
* Panama hat
    Synonym: panamakalap
* Panama fabric (a loosely woven, light, airy fabric)

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ panama in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.

### Further reading

* (embezzlement): panama in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (Panama hat): panama in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Italian
### Noun

panama m (invariable)
* Panama hat
* basketweave
    Synonym: nattè

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *panam, from Proto-Tupian.
Cognate with Guaraní panambi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pãˈnã.ma/
* Rhymes: -ãma
* Hyphenation: pa‧na‧ma

### Noun

panama (unpossessable)
* butterfly
    Synonyms: panapanã, panapanama

#### Derived terms

* panamoby

#### Descendants

* >? Portuguese: panapaná, panapanã

### References

* ↑ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (2000 March 17) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC, page 185, line 3

### Further reading

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “panama”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 370, columns 1–2

## Romanian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French panama.

#### Noun

panama f (plural panamale)
* Panama hat

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Panama, from the 1893 French scandal on the building attempt of the Panama Canal.

#### Noun

panama f (plural panamale)
* large scale financial fraud