# ris
## Catalan
### Etymology

Cognate with Italian riccio, making it a doublet of rínxol.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈris]

### Noun

ris m (plural risos)
* curl, ringlet, lock
    Synonyms: rull, rínxol
* loop
    Synonym: bucle
* (nautical) reef (rolled portion of sail)

#### Derived terms

* arrissar
* rissar

### Further reading

* “ris” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Classical Gaelic
### Pronoun

ris
* third-person singular masculine of re

### Preposition

ris
* form of re (“to, toward, against”) used before the definite article

## Cornish
### Noun

ris f (singulative risen)
* rice

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁiːˀs/, [ʁiˀs]

### Etymology 1

From late Old Norse rís, from Middle Low German rīs, from Old French ris, from Italian riso, from Latin oryza, from Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza).

#### Noun

ris c (singular definite risen, plural indefinite ris)
* rice

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Old Norse hrís.

#### Noun

ris n (singular definite riset, plural indefinite ris)
* twig
* brushwood
* negative criticism

##### Inflection
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁi/
* Homophones: ri, rie, rient, ries, rit, riz

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French ris (“reef”) for earlier *rifs (nom. sg. and acc. pl.), probably borrowed from Old Norse rif (“reef”). See English reef for more.

#### Noun

ris m (plural ris)
* (nautical) reef (portion of a sail)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle French ris, of unknown origin. Gilles Ménage considered it a likely corruption of ridez m pl, modern ridés (“wrinkled”).

#### Noun

ris m (plural ris)
* (chiefly in the plural) sweetbread (of a lamb or calf)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin rīsus (“laughter”).

#### Noun

ris m (plural ris)
* (archaic) laughter, laugh
    Synonym: rire
* (literary, in the plural) pleasures

### Etymology 4

See the lemma.

#### Verb

ris
* inflection of rire:
** first/second-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative
** first/second-person singular past historic

### References

* ↑ “ris”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
* ↑ Gilles Ménage (1694) Dictionnaire etymologique ou origine de la langue françoise‎, page 627

### Further reading

* “ris”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Verb

ris
* second-person singular present indicative of rir

## Icelandic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *risą, a zero-grade formation from *rīsaną (“to rise”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɪːs/
* Rhymes: -ɪːs

### Noun

ris n (genitive singular riss, nominative plural ris)
* rising (the process of something rising)
* attic, part of a house directly under the (slanting) roof
    Synonyms: háaloft, loft, þakhæð, rishæð, hanabjálki
* climax (of a story)

#### Derived terms

* rishár
* risherbergi
* rishæð

## Interlingua
### Noun

ris (uncountable)
* rice

## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Old Irish ris (“a piece of news, tidings, story, tale”).

#### Noun

ris f (genitive singular rise, nominative plural rise) (literary)
* report, tidings
* story, tale

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
ris
rise
vocative
a ris
a rise
genitive
rise
ris
dative
ris
rise
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an ris
na rise
genitive
na rise
na ris
dative
leis an ris don ris
leis na rise :

### Etymology 2

From Classical Gaelic ris (“towards it”).

#### Pronoun

ris (emphatic ris-sean)
* (obsolete) third-person singular masculine of re

#### Pronoun

ris (plus dative, triggers no mutation)
* (obsolete) form of re (“to, toward, against”) used before the definite article

#### Adverb

ris
* (literary) bare, uncovered, exposed

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 ris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ris”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Kashubian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rysь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈris/
* Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: ris

### Noun

ris m animal
* lynx (felid of the genus Lynx)
    Synonym: luks

### References

* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “ryś”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎

## Norman
### Etymology 1

From Old French ris for earlier *rifs (plural), probably borrowed from Old Norse rif (“reef”), from Proto-Germanic *ribją (“rib, reef”).

#### Noun

ris m (plural ris)
* (Jersey, nautical) reef
    Synonym: ris d'vaile

##### Derived terms

* rîsi (“to reef”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ris
* first-person singular preterite of rithe

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾiːs/
* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

ris m (definite singular risen)
* rice

#### Derived terms

* risgrøt
* rismark

### Noun

ris n (definite singular riset, indefinite plural ris, definite plural risa or risene)
* a twig; a bundle of twigs used as a punishing device

#### Derived terms

* bjerkeris

### Noun

ris m (definite singular risen)
* a spanking given to someone through the use of a birch or the palm of one’s hand

### Verb

ris
* imperative of rise

### References

* “ris” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /riːs/

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse rís, from Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza). Akin to English rice.

#### Noun

ris m (definite singular risen)
* rice

##### Derived terms

* rismark

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse hrís.

#### Noun

ris n (definite singular riset, indefinite plural ris, definite plural risa)
* a bundle of sticks or twigs
* a spanking

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

ris
* present tense of risa
* imperative of risa

### References

* “ris” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* arrís (Gascony)

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ris m (plural ris)
* (cooking, Gascony) rice

### References

* Patric Guilhemjoan, Diccionari elementari occitan-francés francés-occitan (gascon), 2005, Orthez, per noste, 2005, →ISBN, page 119.

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁis/ [ˈhis]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʁis/ [ˈhis]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈʁiʃ/ [ˈχiʃ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʁiʃ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -is, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -iʃ
* Hyphenation: ris

### Verb

ris
* second-person singular present indicative of rir

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish fris.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾʲiʃ]
* (Lewis) IPA: [ðiʃ]

### Preposition

ris
* the form of ri used before the definite article
    cho sgìth ris a' chù ― as tired as a dog; dog-tired
    Tha i ga blàthachadh fhèin ris an teine. ― She's warming herself up at the fire.

### Pronoun

ris (emphatic ris-san)
* third-person singular masculine of ri: to him, to it, with him, with it
    A bheil Alasdair coltach ris? ― Is Alasdair similar to him?
    Tha mi a' dèanamh fiughair ris. ― I'm looking forward to it.

#### See also

* rithe

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rysь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rîs/

### Noun

rȉs m (Cyrillic spelling ри̏с)
* lynx

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “ris”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “ris”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rysь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ríːs/

### Noun

rȋs m anim
* lynx

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “ris”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “ris”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /riːs/
* Audio (Gotland); “ett ris”:(file)
* Rhymes: -iːs

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse hrís.

#### Noun

ris n
* (chiefly in compounds, also collectively as vegetation) small shrubs, such as blueberry and lingonberry; bush, scrub, undergrowth, brushwood
    blåbärsrisblueberry bush / scrub
    lingonrislingonberry bush / scrub
    en stubbe i lingonriseta stump in the lingonberry patch [a stump in the lingonberry scrub / undergrowth]
* (dry) severed twigs (for example in a bundle or as for a broom), brushwood
    De lade sina liggunderlag på björkriset.They put their hiking mattresses on the birch twigs.
* a spanking
    Han skall få smaka riset för det här.He'll get birched ("taste the twigs") for this.
* negative criticism
    Antonym: ros
    Föreställningen fick mycket ris.The performance received a lot of negative criticism.
    ris och rospraise and criticism [idiomatic – also the name of a readers' section in some newspapers for criticizing or commending]

##### Derived terms

* binda ris för egen rygg
* björkris
* påskris
* rishög

##### Related terms

* risig

##### See also

* sly
* snår

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse rís, from Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza). Akin to English rice.

#### Noun

ris n
* rice (plant)
* rice (grains from the rice plant)
    koka riscook [boil] rice

##### Derived terms

* basmatiris
* jasminris
* risgryn

### Etymology 3

Ultimately from Arabic رِزْمَة (rizma, “package”).

#### Noun

ris n
* a ream: 500 sheets (of paper)
** 1738 September 28, Post- och Inrikes Tidningar, page 4:Gifwes haͤrmed tilkaͤnna / at Kyrkoherdens i St. Clara Herr Doctor Nordbergs Arbete wid Hans Maj:ts Hoͤg-Sal. Konung Carl XII. Hiſtoria är färdigt ſå at det, will Gud, straxt efter Ny-Åhret aͤmnas til trycket. Det blifwer in alles ett Ris Papper tryckt; På godt, stort/ Franſkt Skrifpapper; Hans Hoͤg-Sal. May:ts och deras nn regerande Kongl. May:ts Portraiter, tillika med 150. Medailler blifwa i Koppar ſtuckne; […]We do hereby make it known / that the Reverend Pastor of St. Clara, the learned Dr. Nordberg, hath brought to completion his Work upon the History of His late Majesty, the most High and Serene King Charles XII; it is, by the Grace of God, purposed to be put to the Press shortly after the New-Year. The same shall be printed in full upon one Ream of Paper, being of fine and large French Writing-Paper; the Portraits of His late most High and Serene Majesty, as also those of their now-reigning Royal Majesties, together with one hundred and fifty Medals, shall be engraved in Copper; […]
** 1884 September 6, “Pris-kurant å Papper, Kuverter, Skrifmaterialier m. fl. till pappershandeln hörande artiklar, från I. Kjellbergs Pappershandel. [Price-List for Paper, Envelopes, Writing Materials, and Other Articles pertaining to the paper trade, from I. Kjellberg's Paper Shop.]”, in Östgöten, page 6:Rabatt kan och skall medgifvas, äfven då icke mera än ett ris papper eller ett tusen kuvert köpes på en gång och betalas kontant; detta, ehuru denna priskurants brutto-pris redan äro billigare än andras, hvarom hvem som helst kan öfvertyga sig genom jemförelse mellan vilkoren hos oss och öfrige pappershandlare.Discounts may and shall be granted, even when no more than a ream of paper or a thousand envelopes are purchased at one time and paid for in cash; this, despite the fact that the gross prices in this price-list are already more favorable than those of others, as anyone may convince themselves by comparing the terms offered by us with those of other paper merchants.

##### Declension
### References

* ris in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ris in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* ris in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

## White Hmong
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʈi˩/

### Etymology 1

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Considered native Hmongic by Ratliff, though no reconstructed proto-form is given. There's a resemblance to Old Chinese 提 (OC *deː, *dje, “to raise, carry, lift”), though there doesn't seem to be an "r" in the Old Chinese form (the proto-Hmongic form would look something like *tri), as well as the Sinitic term converying more "carry by hand" connotations (though shoulders and back are acceptable referents as well).
* The metaphorical "accepting, obedient" senses are most likely semantic extensions of the "carry" meaning.”

#### Verb

ris
* to carry on the back, to bear

##### Derived terms

* ris siab (“having learned and accepted a lesson”)
* ris txiaj (“grateful, thankful”)

### Etymology 2

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Considered native Hmongic by Ratliff, though no reconstructed proto-form is given.”

#### Noun

ris (classifier: lub)
* trousers, pants

##### Derived terms

* ris tsho (“clothing (lit. trousers and jacket)”)

### References

* Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎, SEAP Publications, →ISBN, pages 277-8.
* 1 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20101031002604/http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/25