# western
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English westerne, from Old English westerne, from Proto-Germanic *westrōnijaz.
Morphologically west +‎ -ern.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈwɛstɚn/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈwɛstən/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛstə(ɹ)n
* Hyphenation: west‧ern

### Adjective

western (not comparable)
* Of, facing, situated in, or related to the west.
    the western approaches
** 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […] , down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
* (of a wind) Blowing from the west; westerly.
* Occidental.
** 2008, Helen Gilhooly, chapter 1, in Complete Japanese‎, →ISBN, page 31:Japanese is traditionally written downwards (tategaki) and you begin reading from the top right of a page. This means that books are opened from what we would consider to be the back. Nowadays, however, books, newspapers and magazines are often written western style, in horizontal lines (yokogaki) from left to right and, in these cases, the book is opened from our (western) understanding of the front.

#### Alternative forms

* Western

#### Derived terms

* Mid-Western
* pale western cutworm
* pro-Western
* scrumpy and western
* South Western Slopes
* western action shooting
* western Asia
* Western Australia
* western barn owl
* western black-eared wheatear
* Western Bloc
* western blot analysis
* Western Bug
* Western Canadian Select
* Western Cape
* western capercaillie
* western cattle egret
* Western chess
* western chinquapin
* western diamondback rattlesnake
* Western Downs
* westerner
* Western European Time
* western fence lizard
* Western Ghats
* western gorilla
* western gray kangaroo
* western grey kangaroo
* western hemisphere
* western marsh harrier
* western mastiff bat
* Western Mound
* Western New Guinea
* Western Norway
* western olivaceous warbler
* western omelet
* western Orphean warbler
* western osprey
* Western parotia
* western pleasure
* western plum
* western poison ivy
* western poison oak
* western prickly juniper
* western rat snake
* western redbud
* western roe deer
* western sandpiper
* western slaty antshrike
* western spindalis (Spindalis zena)
* western spinebill
* western spotted skunk
* western spruce budworm
* western subalpine warbler
* western sulphur
* western taipan
* western tanager
* western world
* western xenica
* western yellow pine
* western yellow wagtail

#### Descendants

* → Russian: ве́стерн (véstern)
** → Kazakh: вестерн (vestern)
* → Serbo-Croatian: вестерн
* → Ukrainian: ве́стерн (véstern)

#### Translations
### Noun

western (plural westerns)
* (film) A film, or some other dramatic work, set in, the historic (c. 1850–1910) American West (west of the Mississippi river) focusing on conflict between whites and Indians, lawmen and outlaws, ranchers and farmers, or industry (railroads, mining) and agriculture.
    Synonyms: horse opera, oater
    Coordinate term: northern

#### Derived terms

* spaghetti western

#### Translations
### See also

* northern
* eastern
* southern
* north-eastern
* south-eastern
* south-western
* north-western

### Anagrams

* enstrew

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From English western, from Old English westerne, from Proto-Germanic *westrōnijaz.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: wes‧tern

### Noun

western
* (film) a western

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English western.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋɛs.tərn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: wes‧tern

### Noun

western m (plural westerns)
* western (work set in the Old West) [from early 20th c.]

#### Derived terms

* westernfilm
* westernverhaal

## Finnish
### Etymology

< English western

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʋestern/, [ˈʋe̞s̠te̞rn]
* Rhymes: -estern

### Noun

western
* western (film or other dramatic work set in American West)
    Synonyms: länkkäri, lännenfilmi

#### Declension

Possessive forms of western (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
westernini
westernini
accusative
nom.
westernini
westernini
gen.
westernini
genitive
westernini
westernieni
partitive
westerniäni
westernejäni
inessive
westernissäni
westerneissäni
elative
westernistäni
westerneistäni
illative
westerniini
westerneihini
adessive
westernilläni
westerneilläni
ablative
westerniltäni
westerneiltäni
allative
westernilleni
westerneilleni
essive
westerninäni
westerneinäni
translative
westernikseni
westerneikseni
abessive
westernittäni
westerneittäni
instructive
comitative
—westerneineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
westernisi
westernisi
accusative
nom.
westernisi
westernisi
gen.
westernisi
genitive
westernisi
westerniesi
partitive
westerniäsi
westernejäsi
inessive
westernissäsi
westerneissäsi
elative
westernistäsi
westerneistäsi
illative
westerniisi
westerneihisi
adessive
westernilläsi
westerneilläsi
ablative
westerniltäsi
westerneiltäsi
allative
westernillesi
westerneillesi
essive
westerninäsi
westerneinäsi
translative
westerniksesi
westerneiksesi
abessive
westernittäsi
westerneittäsi
instructive
comitative
—westerneinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
westernimme
westernimme
accusative
nom.
westernimme
westernimme
gen.
westernimme
genitive
westernimme
westerniemme
partitive
westerniämme
westernejämme
inessive
westernissämme
westerneissämme
elative
westernistämme
westerneistämme
illative
westerniimme
westerneihimme
adessive
westernillämme
westerneillämme
ablative
westerniltämme
westerneiltämme
allative
westernillemme
westerneillemme
essive
westerninämme
westerneinämme
translative
westerniksemme
westerneiksemme
abessive
westernittämme
westerneittämme
instructive
comitative
—westerneinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
westerninne
westerninne
accusative
nom.
westerninne
westerninne
gen.
westerninne
genitive
westerninne
westernienne
partitive
westerniänne
westernejänne
inessive
westernissänne
westerneissänne
elative
westernistänne
westerneistänne
illative
westerniinne
westerneihinne
adessive
westernillänne
westerneillänne
ablative
westerniltänne
westerneiltänne
allative
westernillenne
westerneillenne
essive
westerninänne
westerneinänne
translative
westerniksenne
westerneiksenne
abessive
westernittänne
westerneittänne
instructive
comitative
—westerneinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
westerninsä
westerninsä
accusative
nom.
westerninsä
westerninsä
gen.
westerninsä
genitive
westerninsä
westerniensä
partitive
westerniään westerniänsä
westernejään westernejänsä
inessive
westernissään westernissänsä
westerneissään westerneissänsä
elative
westernistään westernistänsä
westerneistään westerneistänsä
illative
westerniinsä
westerneihinsä
adessive
westernillään westernillänsä
westerneillään westerneillänsä
ablative
westerniltään westerniltänsä
westerneiltään westerneiltänsä
allative
westernilleen westernillensä
westerneilleen westerneillensä
essive
westerninään westerninänsä
westerneinään westerneinänsä
translative
westernikseen westerniksensä
westerneikseen westerneiksensä
abessive
westernittään westernittänsä
westerneittään westerneittänsä
instructive
comitative
—westerneineen westerneinensä :

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English western.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wɛs.tɛʁn/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

western m (plural westerns)
* western (film genre)

### Further reading

* “western”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English western.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvɛstɛrn]
* Hyphenation: west‧ern
* Rhymes: -ɛrn

### Noun

western (plural westernek)
* western (film genre)

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English western.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwɛ.stern/
* Rhymes: -ɛstern
* Hyphenation: wè‧stern

### Noun

western m (invariable)
* western (film genre)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Borrowed from English western.

### Noun

western m (definite singular westernen, indefinite plural westerner, definite plural westernene)
* a western (film or movie, novel)

#### Derived terms

* spagettiwestern
* westernfilm

#### See also

* country and western

### References

* “western” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “western” in The Ordnett Dictionary

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Borrowed from English western.

### Noun

western m (definite singular westernen, indefinite plural westernar, definite plural westernane)
* a western (film or movie, novel)

#### Derived terms

* spagettiwestern
* westernfilm

#### See also

* country and western

### References

* “western” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English western.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwɛs.tɛrn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛstɛrn
* Syllabification: wes‧tern

### Noun

western m inan (related adjective westernowy)
* western (adventure film set in the Wild West in the 19th century)

#### Related terms

* westernizacja
* westernizować impf
* zwesternizować pf

### Further reading

* western in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* western in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* western in PWN's encyclopedia

## Romanian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English western.

### Noun

western n (plural westernuri)
* western film

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English western.

### Noun

western m (plural westerns)
* Misspelling of wéstern.

## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* västern

### Noun

western c
* a western (movie)

#### Derived terms

* spaghettivästern (“spaghetti western”)

### References

* western in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* western in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* western in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)