# 曼

| 曼 | U+66FC, &#26364; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66FC |
| ← 曻 [U+66FB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 曽 → [U+66FD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

曼 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日田中水 (AWLE), four-corner 6040$_7$, composition ⿳曰罒又(GJK) or ⿳⺜罒又(HT))
* long, extended, vast
* beautiful

#### Derived characters

* 漫 慢 饅 (馒) 鰻 (鳗) 謾 (谩) 槾 鏝 (镘) 墁 嫚 熳 𠼦 𤛔 獌 縵 (缦) 䡬, 𨢥, 𪉽
* 蔓 𩅍 鬘 𰁛

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 503, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14298
* Dae Jaweon: page 876, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 399, character 15
* Unihan data for U+66FC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曼 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 獌 | *mroːn, *moːns, *mons |
| 鬘 | *mroːn |
| 謾 | *mroːn, *mroːns, *mon, *moːn, *moːns |
| 慢 | *mroːns |
| 嫚 | *mroːns |
| 縵 | *mroːns, *moːns |
| 曼 | *moːn, *mons |
| 饅 | *moːn |
| 蔓 | *moːn, *mons |
| 鰻 | *moːn, *mons |
| 墁 | *moːn, *moːns |
| 鏝 | *moːn, *moːns |
| 槾 | *moːn |
| 漫 | *moːns |
| 幔 | *moːns |
| 蟃 | *mons |
Perhaps two hands opening an eye, or two hands over the eyebrows to indicate the eyes looking at a wide place. The second interpretation links this character to the character 看, which has one hand over an eye.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): màn (man$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maan$^6$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mang$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bān / boān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuang$^6$ / bhuêng$^6$ / mang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$me
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: màn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: màn
*** Wade–Giles: man$^4$
*** Yale: màn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mann
*** Palladius: мань (manʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /män⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maan$^6$
*** Yale: maahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: man$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːn²²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: mang$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: māng
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bān
*** Tâi-lô: bān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ban
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ban²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ban⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ban³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: boān
*** Tâi-lô: buān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boan
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /buan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /buan²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhuang$^6$ / bhuêng$^6$ / mang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buăng / buĕng / măng
*** Sinological IPA : /buaŋ³⁵/, /bueŋ³⁵/, /maŋ³⁵/
* bhuang6 - Shantou;
* bhuêng6 - Chaozhou;
* mang6 - literary, used in 曼谷.
* Middle Chinese: man, mjonH
Rime :
| Character | 曼 | 曼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 母官切 | 無販切 |
| Baxter | man | mjonH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muɑn/ | /mʉɐn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷɑn/ | /mʷiɐn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɑn/ | /miuɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwan/ | /muan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /muɑn/ | /miuɐn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /muɑn/ | /mĭwɐn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muɑn/ | /mi̯wɐn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mán | wàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mun$^4$ | maan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤa[n]-s/, /*ma[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*moːn/, /*mons/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 曼 | 曼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | màn | màn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ man$^H$ › | ‹ mjon$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁa[n]-s/ | /*ma[n]-s/ |
| English | distant | extended, long |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 曼 | 曼 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 8740 | 8756 |
| Phonetic component | 曼 | 曼 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瞞 | 万 |
| Old Chinese | /*moːn/ | /*mons/ |
| Notes | | 說文冒聲 |

### Definitions

曼
* long; extended; drawn-out
    From: Liezi, 1st – 5th century CE
    Hán É yīn mànshēng āikū, yī lǐ lǎoyòu bēichóu chuítì xiàngduì, sānrì bù shí. [Pinyin]
    Han E, full of hurt, thus cried out in long wailing songs, and people of the neighbourhood found themselves sad, desolate, and full of tears, and for three days they were unable to eat.
* handsome; beautiful; refined
    曼妙 ― mànmiào ― graceful; beautiful
    From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
    Màn lǐ hào chǐ, yuè qíng ér juān jīng. [Pinyin]
    The beauty having delicate skin and pretty white teeth pleases feeling but exhausts energy.
    From: 1st century BCE, Sima Qian, Letter to Ren An. Translated by Burton Watson.
    Jīn suī yù zì diāozhuó, màn cí yǐ zìshì, wúyì yú sú, bùxìn, shì zú qǔ rǔ ěr. [Pinyin]
    Now although I might try to add glory and fame to myself, or with fine words seek to excuse my error, it would have no effect on the vulgar. I would not be believed, but would only take upon myself further shame.
* a surname

### Compounds

* 加里曼丹 (Jiālǐmàndān)
* 吐曼塔勒 (Tǔmàntǎlè)
* 喀勒塔吐格曼 (Kālètǎtùgémàn)
* 土庫曼 / 土库曼 (Tǔkùmàn)
* 安曼 (Ānmàn)
* 寶天曼 / 宝天曼 (Bǎotiānmàn)
* 布希曼
* 拜什吐格曼 (Bàishí Tǔgémàn)
* 曼儂 / 曼侬
* 曼哈坦島 / 曼哈坦岛
* 曼壽 / 曼寿
* 曼妙 (mànmiào)
* 曼延 (mànyán)
* 曼徹斯特 / 曼彻斯特 (Mànchèsītè)
* 曼暖
* 曼波 (mànbō)
* 曼澤 / 曼泽
* 曼珠沙華 / 曼珠沙华 (mànzhūshāhuá)
* 曼睩
* 曼羨 / 曼羡
* 曼聲 / 曼声
* 曼荊 / 曼荆
* 曼荼羅 / 曼荼罗 (màntúluó)
* 曼衍
* 曼谷 (Màngǔ)
* 曼辭 / 曼辞
* 曼陀林 (màntuólín)
* 曼陀羅 / 曼陀罗 (màntuóluó)
* 曼靡
* 曼鬋
* 曼麗 / 曼丽
* 柔曼 (róumàn)
* 祁曼塔格 (Qímàntǎgé)
* 羅曼史 / 罗曼史 (luómànshǐ)
* 羅曼蒂克 / 罗曼蒂克 (luómàndìkè)
* 艾西曼 (Àixīmàn)
* 莫曼斯克
* 諾曼人 / 诺曼人 (nuòmànrén)
* 諾曼第 / 诺曼第 (Nuòmàndì)
* 輕歌曼舞 / 轻歌曼舞 (qīnggēmànwǔ)
* 阿利曼
* 阿曼 (Āmàn)
* 靡曼 (mǐmàn)

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “曼”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 151.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: まん (man)、もん (mon)
* Kan-on: ばん (ban)
* Kun: ながい (nagai, 曼い)、ひく (hiku, 曼く)、ひろい (hiroi, 曼い)

## Korean
### Hanja

曼 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

曼: Hán Nôm readings: man, mạn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.