# plain
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: plān, IPA: /pleɪn/, [pl̥eɪn]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪn
* Homophone: plane

### Etymology 1

From Middle English pleyn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman pleyn, playn, Middle French plain, plein, and Old French plain, from Latin plānus (“flat, even, level, plain”). Doublet of llano, piano, and plane.

#### Alternative forms

* plaine (obsolete)

#### Adjective

plain (comparative plainer, superlative plainest)
* (now rare, regional) Flat, level. [from 14th c.]
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 40:4:The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain.
* Simple, unaltered.
** Ordinary; lacking adornment or ornamentation; unembellished. [from 14th c.]
    Synonyms: austere, simple; see also Thesaurus:unadorned
    He was dressed simply in plain black clothes.
    a plain tune
*** 2013 September–October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or plain glass paperweight.
** Of just one colour; lacking a pattern.
    a plain pink polycotton skirt
** Simple in habits or qualities; unsophisticated, not exceptional, ordinary. [from 16th c.]
    They're just plain people like you or me.
*** 1654, Henry Hammond, Of Fundamentals:plain yet pious Christians
*** 1861, Abraham Lincoln, Message to Congress in Special Session, July 4th:the plain people
** (of food) Having only few ingredients, or no additional ingredients or seasonings; not elaborate, without toppings or extras. [from 17th c.]
    Would you like a poppy bagel or a plain bagel?
** (computing) Containing no extended or nonprinting characters (especially in plain text). [from 20th c.]
* Obvious.
** Evident to one's senses or reason; manifest, clear, unmistakable. [from 14th c.]
*** 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “ch. XV, Practical — Devotional”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book II (The Ancient Monk):In fact, by excommunication or persuasion, by impetuosity of driving or adroitness in leading, this Abbot, it is now becoming plain everywhere, is a man that generally remains master at last.
** Downright; total, unmistakable (as intensifier). [from 14th c.]
    His answer was just plain nonsense.
* Open.
** Honest and without deception; candid, open; blunt. [from 14th c.]
    Let me be plain with you: I don't like her.
*** 1577, Socrates Scholasticus [i.e., Socrates of Constantinople], “Constantinus the Emperour Summoneth the Nicene Councell, it was Held at Nicæa a Citie of Bythnia for the Debatinge of the Controuersie about the Feast of Easter, and the Rootinge out of the Heresie of Arius”, in Eusebius Pamphilus, Socrates Scholasticus, Evagrius Scholasticus, Dorotheus, translated by Meredith Hanmer, The Avncient Ecclesiasticall Histories of the First Six Hundred Yeares after Christ, Wrytten in the Greeke Tongue by Three Learned Historiographers, Eusebius, Socrates, and Euagrius. [...], book I (The First Booke of the Ecclesiasticall Historye of Socrates Scholasticvs), imprinted at London: By Thomas Vautroullier dwelling in the Blackefriers by Ludgate, →OCLC, page 225:[VV]e are able with playne demonſtration to proue, and vvith reaſon to perſvvade that in tymes paſt our fayth vvas alike, that then vve preached thinges correſpondent vnto the forme of faith already published of vs, ſo that none in this behalfe can repyne or gaynesay vs.
*** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v]:an honest mind, and plain, he must speak truth
*** 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:The Quaker was no sooner assured by this fellow of the birth and low fortune of Jones, than all compassion for him vanished; and the honest plain man went home fired with no less indignation than a duke would have felt at receiving an affront from such a person.
** Clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.
*** 1711, Henry Felton, Dissertation on Reading the Classics:Our troops beat an army in plain fight.
* Not unusually beautiful; unattractive. [from 17th c.]
** 1986, John le Carré, A Perfect Spy:Yet her beauty clung to her like an identity she was trying to deny and her plainness kept slipping like a bad disguise.
    Throughout high school she worried that she had a rather plain face.
* (card games) Not a trump.

##### Synonyms

* (lacking adornment or ornamentation): no-frills, simple, unadorned, unseasoned; see also Thesaurus:bare-bones
* (of just one colour): monochrome
* (not exceptional): normal, ordinary
* (obvious): blatant, ostensible; see also Thesaurus:obvious or Thesaurus:explicit
* (intensifier): consarn, darned, stinking; see also Thesaurus:damned
* (honest and without deception): frank, sincere; see also Thesaurus:honest

##### Antonyms

* bells and whistles
* decorative
* exotic
* fancy
* ornate

##### Derived terms

* in plain sight
* in plain view
* just plain folks
* plain and simple
* plain as a haystack
* plain as a pikestaff
* plain as day
* plain as Dunstable highway
* plain as porridge
* plain as print
* plain as Salisbury
* plain as the nose on one's face
* plain ball
* plain bearing
* plain bread
* plain-breasted hawk
* plain brown wrapper
* plain chocolate
* plain-clothed
* plain-clothes
* plain clothes
* plain cook
* plain dealer
* plain-dealing
* plain dealing
* plain dress
* plain Dunstable
* plain English
* plain film
* plain flour
* plain-hearted
* plain Jane
* plain-laid
* plain leaf warbler
* plain line
* plain loaf
* plain-looking
* plainly
* plainness
* plain old
* plain old data
* plain old telephone service
* plain paper
* plain people
* plain point
* plain radiography
* plain sailing
* plain-saw
* plain saw
* plain-song
* plain song, plainsong
* plain-speaking
* plain speech
* plain-spoken
* plain tall
* plain text
* plain to see
* plain-vanilla
* plain vanilla
* plain view doctrine
* plain water
* plain weave
* plain-winged
* plain-winged antshrike
* plain work
* plain-woven
* plain wrapper

##### Related terms

* plane
* planar

##### Translations
#### Adverb

plain (not comparable)
* (colloquial) Simply.
    It was just plain stupid.
    I plain forgot.
* (archaic) Plainly; distinctly.
    Tell me plain: do you love me or no?

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Old French plain, from Latin plānum (“level ground, a plain”), neuter substantive from plānus (“level, even, flat”). Doublet of llano, piano, and plane.

#### Noun

plain (plural plains)
* An expanse of land with relatively low relief and few trees, especially a grassy expanse.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:Him the Ammonite / Worshipped in Rabba and her watery plain.
** 1961, J. A. Philip. Mimesis in the Sophistês of Plato. In: Proceedings and Transactions of the American Philological Association 92. p. 467.
    For Plato the life of the philosopher is a life of struggle towards the goal of knowledge, towards “searching the heavens and measuring the plains, in all places seeking the nature of everything as a whole”
    Synonyms: flatland, grassland
    Hypernyms: land, terrain
    Hyponyms: prairie, steppe
* A broad, flat expanse in general, as of water.
** 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto IX:Fair ship, that from the Italian shore, ⁠Sailest the placid ocean-plains ⁠With my lost Arthur’s loved remains, Spread thy full wings, and waft him o’er.
* (archaic) Synonym of field in reference to a battlefield.
** 1899, Alexander John Arbuthnot, Lord Clive: The Foundation of British Rule in India:You have stormed no town and found the money there ; neither did you find it in the plains of Plassey after the defeat of the Nawab
** c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:Lead forth my soldiers to the plain.
* (obsolete) Alternative spelling of plane: a flat geometric field.

##### Usage notes

* As with grassland(s), flatland(s), etc., plains can function as the plural of plain (There are ten principal low plains on Mars) or as its synonym (She lives on the plains), with a vague sense of greater expansiveness.

##### Derived terms

* abyssal plain
* alluvial plain
* Bell Plain
* Central Plain
* Depsang Plains
* Emu Plains
* flood plain, floodplain
* gibber plain
* Golden Plains
* Great Plains
* High Plains
* Manchurian Plain
* Mitchells Plain
* Moree Plains
* North China Plain
* Northeast China Plain
* Nullarbor Plain
* peneplain
* Plain of Esdraelon
* plain of Mars
* Plains
* plains lovegrass
* plain wanderer
* Salisbury Plain
* salt plain
* Sharon Plain
* Staked Plain
* the rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain
* walled plain
* West Plains
* White Plains

##### Related terms

* esplanade
* explain

##### Translations
#### Verb

plain (third-person singular simple present plains, present participle plaining, simple past and past participle plained)
* (obsolete, transitive) To level; to raze; to make plain or even on the surface.
** 1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, (please specify the page):Frownst thou thereat aspiring Lancaster, The sworde shall plane the furrowes of thy browes,
** 1612, George Wither, Prince Henrie’s Obsequies, Elegy 24, in Egerton Brydges (editor), Restituta, Volume I, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1814, p. 399,
    Though kept by Rome’s and Mahomet’s chiefe powers; They should not long detain him there in thrall: We would rake Europe rather, plain the East; Dispeople the whole Earth before the doome:
* (obsolete, transitive) To make plain or manifest; to explain.
** c. 1607–1608 (date written), William Shakespeare, [George Wilkins?], The Late, and Much Admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: […] [William White and Thomas Creede] for Henry Gosson, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act III, prologue]:What’s dumb in show, I’ll plain with speech.

### Etymology 3

From Anglo-Norman plainer, pleiner, variant of Anglo-Norman and Old French pleindre, plaindre, from Latin plangere.

#### Alternative forms

* plein

#### Noun

plain (plural plains)
* (rare, poetic) A lamentation.
** 1815, Sir Walter Scott, The Lady of the Isles‎, Canto IV, part IX:The warrior-threat, the infant's plain, The mother's screams, were heard in vain;

#### Verb

plain (third-person singular simple present plains, present participle plaining, simple past and past participle plained)
* (reflexive, obsolete) To complain. [13th–19th c.]
** c. 1370–1390, [William Langland], “[Prologue]”, in The Vision of Pierce Plowman [...], London: […] Roberte Crowley, […], published 1550, →OCLC:Persones and parisch prestes · pleyned hem to þe bischop / Þat here parisshes were pore · sith þe pestilence tyme […].(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (ambitransitive, now rare, poetic) To lament, bewail. [from 14th c.]
    to plain a loss
** 1595, Ed. Spencer [i.e., Edmund Spenser], “Astrophel. A Pastoral Elegie vpon the Death of the Most Noble and Valorous Knight, Sir Philip Sidney.”, in Colin Clouts Come Home Againe, London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:Shepheards, that wont […] Oft times to plaine your loves concealed smart
** c. 1600, John Ayliffe, Satires:Thy mother could thee for thy cradle set Her husband's rusty iron corselet; Whose jargling sound might rock her babe to rest, That never plain'd of his uneasy nest.
** 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter II, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 9:Then, again, she almost thought that the soft and wailing wind which swept mournfully through the sepulchral boughs of the large old yews, had a voice not of this world—was it the inarticulate plaining of her brother's gentle spirit, debarred from intercourse, but still keeping over her the deep and eternal watch of love?
** 1936, Alfred Edward Housman, More Poems, "XXV", lines 5–9
    Then came I crying, and to-day, / With heavier cause to plain, / Depart I into death away, / Not to be born again.

##### Related terms

* complain
* plaint
* plaintive

### Etymology 4

From Middle English pleyn, borrowed from Old French plein, from Latin plēnus (“full, filled, complete”). Ultimately from Proto-Italic *plēnos, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”). Doublet of plene, plenary, and full.

#### Adjective

plain (comparative plainer, superlative plainest)
* (obsolete) Full, complete in number or extent.

### Anagrams

* Pinal, palin-, lapin, Palin, plani-, Aplin, Lipan, in lap

## Dalmatian
### Etymology

From Latin plēnus. Compare Italian pieno, Romansch plain, Romanian plin, French plein.

### Adjective

plain (feminine plaina)
* full

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French plain, from Latin plānus. Doublet of plan and piano.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plɛ̃/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: plains, plein, pleins

### Adjective

plain (feminine plaine, masculine plural plains, feminine plural plaines)
* (obsolete) plane

#### Derived terms

* plain-pied
* plain-chant

### Further reading

* “plain”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* alpin, lapin

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French plain, from Latin plēnus.

### Adjective

plain m (feminine singular plaine, masculine plural plains, feminine plural plaines)
* full (not empty)

## Old French
### Etymology 1

From Latin plēnus.

#### Adjective

plain m (feminine plaine)
* full (not empty)
    Antonym: vuit
** c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:De tant come ele l'ot veü, Que plains estoit de felenie.As she had seen He was full of evil

##### Descendants

* French: plein

### Etymology 2

From Latin plānum (“level ground, a plain”), neuter substantive from plānus (“level, even, flat”).

#### Noun

plain oblique singular, m (oblique plural plainz, nominative singular plainz, nominative plural plain)
* plain (flat area)

##### Synonyms

* plaine

##### Descendants

* → Dutch: plein
* → Middle English:
** English: plain
** Scots: plain

### Etymology 3

From Latin plānus (“level, even, flat”).

#### Adjective

plain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular plaine)
* flat (not even or mountainous)

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* plein (Sursilvan)
* plagn (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)

### Etymology

From Latin plēnus.

### Adjective

plain m (feminine singular plaina, masculine plural plains, feminine plural plainas)
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader) full