# confuse
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kənˈfjuːz/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːz

### Etymology 1

Back-formation of confused, from Middle English confused (“frustrated, ruined”), from Anglo-Norman confus, from Latin cōnfūsus, past participle of cōnfundō.

#### Verb

confuse (third-person singular simple present confuses, present participle confusing, simple past and past participle confused)
* (transitive) to puzzle, perplex, baffle, bewilder (somebody); to afflict by being complicated, contradictory, or otherwise difficult to understand
    It confused me when I went to the office and nobody was there, but then I realised it was Sunday.
** 2018 August 23, Engen Tham, “Data dump: China sees surge in personal information up for sale”, in Reuters‎:"What confuses me is how other insurance companies knew about it," said Zhang, a 26-year-old government employee from Shandong.
** 2025 February 1, Tami Luhby, Eric Bradner and Rene Marsh, “Federal employees confused, angered by Trump’s offer to quit”, in CNN‎:President Donald Trump’s offer to most federal employees to resign now and be paid through September stunned the workers who received it – angering some, confusing many and raising questions about whether the offer is even legal.
* (transitive) To mix up, muddle up (one thing with another); to mistake (one thing for another).
    People who say "hola" to Italians are confusing Italian with Spanish.
** 2024 January 20, Ebony Davis, “Haley questions Trump’s mental fitness after he confuses her with Nancy Pelosi”, in CNN‎:Republican presidential candidate Nikki Haley on Saturday questioned Donald Trump’s mental fitness after he appeared to confuse her with former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi when talking about the January 6, 2021, attack on the US Capitol. […] “They’re saying he got confused. That he was talking about something else. That he was talking about Nancy Pelosi. He mentioned me multiples times in that scenario,” the former South Carolina governor added.
* (transitive) To mix thoroughly; to confound; to disorder.
* (transitive, dated) To make uneasy and ashamed; to embarrass.
* (transitive, obsolete) To rout; discomfit.
* (intransitive) To be confused.

##### Synonyms

* flummox
* mistake
* See also Thesaurus:confuse

##### Derived terms

* confuddle
* confusability
* confusable
* confusement
* confuser
* confusible
* confusopoly
* confuzzle
* coonfuse
* deconfuse
* reconfuse
* unconfuse

##### Related terms

* confused
* confusing
* confusion

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* discombobulate

### Etymology 2

From Middle English confus, from Old French confus, from Latin cōnfūsus, past participle of cōnfundō.

#### Adjective

confuse (comparative more confuse, superlative most confuse)
* (obsolete) Synonym of confused.
** 1531, Thomas Elyot, “The Signification of a Publike Weale / and Why It Is Called in Latin Respublica”, in The Boke Named the Governour […], London: […] Tho[mas] Bertheleti, →OCLC, 1st boke, folio 2, verso:Moꝛe ouer take away oꝛdre from all thynges / what ſhulde than remayne? certes nothynge finally / except ſome man wolde imagine eftſones / Chaos: whiche of ſome is expounde a cõfuse mixture: […]
** 1577, William Fulke, “An Answer of a True Christian to a Counterfait Catholike”, in Two Treatises Written against the Papistes, […], London: […] Thomas Thomas Vautrollier […], →OCLC, page 34:The 11. article is ſo confuſe that it is harde to bring it into any certeine numbre of demandes.
** 1589, [George Puttenham], “Of Cesure”, in The Arte of English Poesie. […], London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, book II (The Second Booke, of Proportion Poetical), page 61:[T]he moſt laudable languages are alwaies moſt plaine and diſtinct, and the barbarous moſt confuſe and indiſtinct: […]
** 1737, Daniel Waterland, “Of the Consecration of the Elements of Bread and Wine in the Holy Communion”, in A Review of the Doctrine of the Eucharist, as Laid Down in Scripture and Antiquity, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Corn[elius] Crownfield, Printer to the University, and W[illiam] Innys […], →OCLC, page 127:It was all one with them to ſay, in a confuſe general way, either that the Holy Ghoſt ſanctiſied the Receivers, in the uſe of the outward Symbols, or that He ſanctified the Symbols to their uſe: […]

##### Derived terms

* confusely

### References

* “confuse”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “confuse”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* ↑ “confuse, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ̃.fyz/
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Adjective

confuse
* feminine singular of confus

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /konˈfu.ze/
* Rhymes: -uze
* Hyphenation: con‧fù‧se

### Etymology 1
#### Participle

confuse f pl
* feminine plural of confuso

#### Adjective

confuse f pl
* feminine plural of confuso

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

confuse
* third-person singular past historic of confondere

## Latin
### Participle

cōnfūse
* vocative masculine singular of cōnfūsus

### References

* “confuse”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “confuse”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "confuse", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* confuse in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.