# 消

| 消 | U+6D88, &#28040; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D88 |
| ← 涇 [U+6D87] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 涉 → [U+6D89] |

## Translingual
### Han character

消 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水火月 (EFB), four-corner 3912$_7$, composition ⿰氵肖)

#### Derived characters

* 𫁄, 𦷟, 𫠸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 626, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17529
* Dae Jaweon: page 1027, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1622, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6D88

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 消
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 梢 | *sreːw |
| 捎 | *sreːw, *sew |
| 筲 | *sreːw |
| 鞘 | *sreːw, *slewɢs |
| 艄 | *sreːw |
| 蛸 | *sreːw, *sew |
| 髾 | *sreːw |
| 輎 | *sreːw |
| 旓 | *sreːw |
| 弰 | *sreːw |
| 鮹 | *sreːw, *sew |
| 綃 | *sreːw, *sew |
| 颵 | *sreːw |
| 莦 | *sreːw, *sew |
| 娋 | *sreːw, *sreːws |
| 稍 | *sreːws |
| 哨 | *sreːws, *sʰews, *sew |
| 揱 | *sreːwɢs, *slew, *sreːwɢ |
| 潲 | *sreːws |
| 睄 | *sreːws |
| 悄 | *sʰewʔ |
| 俏 | *sʰews |
| 峭 | *sʰews |
| 陗 | *sʰews |
| 帩 | *sʰews |
| 誚 | *zews |
| 消 | *sew |
| 宵 | *sew |
| 霄 | *sew |
| 硝 | *sew |
| 銷 | *sew |
| 逍 | *sew |
| 魈 | *sew |
| 痟 | *slew |
| 焇 | *sew |
| 肖 | *slew, *slews |
| 韒 | *slewɢs |
| 趙 | *l'ewʔ |
| 箾 | *seːw, *sleːw |
| 踃 | *seːw |
| 削 | *slewɢ |
| 矟 | *sreːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sew): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews) – to extinguish something (with water).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xiāo (xiao$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiao$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): siu$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiau$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xieu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sêu / siâu
    (Hailu, HRS): siau$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiau$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xiau$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): siáu
* Eastern Min (BUC): siĕu
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siau
    (Teochew, Peng'im): siao$^1$ / siou$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shiau
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): siau$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siao
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^1$
*** Yale: syāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiau
*** Palladius: сяо (sjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xiao$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiao
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiau⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^1$
*** Yale: sīu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhiau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiau³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xieu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɛu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sêu / siâu
*** Hakka Romanization System: seu$^ˊ$ / xiau$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: seu$^1$ / xiau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /seu̯²⁴/, /si̯au̯²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: siau$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /siau⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xiau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /siau⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xiau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiau¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siáu
*** Sinological IPA : /siau⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siĕu
*** Sinological IPA : /sieu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sa̤u
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬieu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau
*** Tâi-lô: siau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaw
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /siau³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: siao$^1$ / siou$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siau / siou
*** Sinological IPA : /siau³³/, /siou³³/
* siao1 - Shantou;
* siou1 - Chaozhou.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit消 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiɑu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕiau⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕiɑu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiɔ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /siɔ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /siau²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiau²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕiɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiɔ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕiɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕiau⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕiau⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕiao⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /siɔo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiɔ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiau¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiɔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕiɔ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiɔ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /siæ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕiɔ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕiɛ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /siɔ³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /siu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /siau³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /siaɯ³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɛu⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /siau⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /seu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /siu⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɬiu⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /siu⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siau⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sieu⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /siau⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /siau³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /siau²³/ /tiau²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: sjew
Rime :
| Character | 消 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 相邀切 |
| Baxter | sjew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siaw/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛu/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯ɛu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ew/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sew/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 消 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjew › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ew/ |
| English | dissolve; disappear |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 消 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13739 |
| Phonetic component | 肖 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 宵 |
| Old Chinese | /*sew/ |

### Definitions

消
* to disappear; to vanish; to die down; to settle down
* to eliminate; to terminate; to eradicate
* to while away (time)
* to spend (money)
* to need
* Used in 消息 (xiāoxi).
* (Hokkien) Short for 消化 (siau-hòa, “to digest”).

#### Synonyms

* (to eliminate):
* 免
* 免除 (miǎnchú)
* 刷 (colloquial)
* 削 (literary, or in compounds)
* 削除 (xuēchú)
* 去掉 (qùdiào)
* 去除 (qùchú)
* 報銷 / 报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous)
* 屏除 (bǐngchú)
* 廓清 (kuòqīng)
* 打掉 (dǎdiào)
* 掃 / 扫
* 排解 (páijiě)
* 掃除 / 扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative)
* 排除 (páichú)
* 摒除 (bìngchú)
* 撤 (chè)
* 撤除 (chèchú)
* 消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary)
* 消解 (xiāojiě)
* 消釋 / 消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative)
* 消除 (xiāochú)
* 淘汰 (táotài)
* 清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative)
* 清除 (qīngchú)
* 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
* 破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
* 破除 (pòchú)
* 祛除 (qūchú)
* 罷 / 罢
* 翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary)
* 肅清 / 肃清 (sùqīng)
* 蕩 / 荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 解釋 / 解释 (jiěshì) (archaic)
* 解除 (jiěchú)
* 鋤 / 锄 (chú)
* 鏟除 / 铲除 (chǎnchú)
* 除
* 除去 (chúqù)
* 除忒 (Hakka)
* 除掉 (chúdiào)
* 除開 / 除开 (chúkāi)
* 革除 (géchú)
* 驅散 / 驱散 (qūsàn)
* 驅走 / 驱走 (qūzǒu)
* 驅除 / 驱除 (qūchú)
* (to need): 需要 (xūyào), (Hokkien) 欠用

### Compounds

* 一筆勾消 / 一笔勾消 (yībǐgōuxiāo)
* 下消
* 三消
* 不消 (bùxiāo)
* 不消一刻
* 不消幾日 / 不消几日
* 不消得
* 不消說 / 不消说 (bùxiāoshuō)
* 何消
* 何消說 / 何消说
* 內幕消息 / 内幕消息
* 冰消
* 冰消凍解 / 冰消冻解
* 冰消凍釋 / 冰消冻释
* 冰消瓦解 (bīngxiāowǎjiě)
* 勾消
* 取消 (qǔxiāo)
* 只消 (zhǐxiāo)
* 吃不消 (chībùxiāo)
* 吃得消 (chīdexiāo)
* 夜消 (yèxiāo)
* 夢斷魂消 / 梦断魂消
* 好消息
* 家道消乏
* 對消 / 对消 (duìxiāo)
* 小道消息 (xiǎodào xiāoxī)
* 彼長我消 / 彼长我消
* 意志消沉
* 打消 (dǎxiāo)
* 抵消 (dǐxiāo)
* 探消息
* 撤消 (chèxiāo)
* 春消息
* 更不消說 / 更不消说
* 望梅消渴
* 杳無消息 / 杳无消息
* 氣消膽奪 / 气消胆夺
* 沒福消受 / 没福消受
* 消乏
* 消保法
* 消停
* 消光
* 消化 (xiāohuà)
* 消化不良 (xiāohuà bùliáng)
* 消化作用
* 消化器官 (xiāohuà qìguān)
* 消化液 (xiāohuàyè)
* 消化系統 / 消化系统 (xiāohuà xìtǒng)
* 消化腔
* 消化腺 (xiāohuàxiàn)
* 消化道 (xiāohuàdào)
* 消化酶 (xiāohuàméi)
* 消受 (xiāoshòu)
* 消基會 / 消基会
* 消夏 (xiāoxià)
* 消夜 (xiāoyè)
* 消失 (xiāoshī)
* 消寒圖 / 消寒图
* 消寒會 / 消寒会
* 消弭 (xiāomǐ)
* 浸微浸消
* 消息
* 消息兒 / 消息儿
* 消愁
* 消愁解悶 / 消愁解闷
* 消愁釋悶 / 消愁释闷
* 消愁釋憒 / 消愁释愦
* 消憂 / 消忧
* 消折
* 消散 (xiāosàn)
* 消日忘年
* 消暑 (xiāoshǔ)
* 消極 / 消极 (xiāojí)
* 消極論 / 消极论
* 消歇
* 消毒 (xiāodú)
* 消毒劑 / 消毒剂 (xiāodújì)
* 消毒藥 / 消毒药
* 消氣 / 消气 (xiāoqì)
* 消沉 (xiāochén)
* 消泗 (Xiāosì)
* 消波塊 / 消波块 (xiāobōkuài)
* 消減 / 消减 (xiāojiǎn)
* 消渴
* 消渴症 (xiāokězhèng)
* 消滅 / 消灭 (xiāomiè)
* 消滅時效 / 消灭时效
* 消滅殆盡 / 消灭殆尽
* 消滅淨盡 / 消灭净尽
* 消火唧筒
* 消火器 (xiāohuǒqì)
* 消火栓 (xiāohuǒshuān)
* 消火氣 / 消火气
* 消災 / 消灾 (xiāozāi)
* 消災解厄 / 消灾解厄
* 消炎 (xiāoyán)
* 消炎片
* 消炎藥 / 消炎药 (xiāoyányào)
* 消瘦 (xiāoshòu)
* 消石灰 (xiāoshíhuī)
* 消磨 (xiāomó)
* 消索
* 消耗 (xiāohào)
* 消耗品 (xiāohàopǐn)
* 消耗戰 / 消耗战 (xiāohàozhàn)
* 消聲匿跡 / 消声匿迹
* 消聲滅跡 / 消声灭迹
* 消腫 / 消肿 (xiāozhǒng)
* 消融 (xiāoróng)
* 消解 (xiāojiě)
* 消費 / 消费 (xiāofèi)
* 消費借貸 / 消费借贷 (xiāofèi jièdài)
* 消費品 / 消费品 (xiāofèipǐn)
* 消費者 / 消费者 (xiāofèizhě)
* 消退 (xiāotuì)
* 消逝 (xiāoshì)
* 消遙 / 消遥 (xiāoyáo)
* 消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
* 消釋 / 消释 (xiāoshì)
* 消長 / 消长 (xiāozhǎng)
* 消閒 / 消闲 (xiāoxián)
* 消防 (xiāofáng)
* 消防員 / 消防员 (xiāofángyuán)
* 消防栓 (xiāofángshuān)
* 消防署 (xiāofángshǔ)
* 消防設備 / 消防设备
* 消防車 / 消防车 (xiāofángchē)
* 消防隊 / 消防队 (xiāofángduì)
* 消除 (xiāochú)
* 消音 (xiāoyīn)
* 消音器 (xiāoyīnqì)
* 消食 (xiāoshí)
* 消魂 (xiāohún)
* 火滅煙消 / 火灭烟消
* 火災消防 / 火灾消防
* 無福消受 / 无福消受
* 煙消冰釋 / 烟消冰释
* 煙消火滅 / 烟消火灭
* 煙消雲散 / 烟消云散 (yānxiāoyúnsàn)
* 煙消霧散 / 烟消雾散
* 玉減香消 / 玉减香消
* 玉碎香消
* 瓦解冰消
* 目斷魂消 / 目断魂消
* 破財消災 / 破财消灾 (pòcáixiāozāi)
* 紅消香斷 / 红消香断
* 綠色消費 / 绿色消费 (lǜsè xiāofèi)
* 義消 / 义消
* 翠消紅減 / 翠消红减
* 耳消耳息
* 與時消息 / 与时消息
* 花消
* 走漏消息
* 透消息
* 開消 / 开消
* 陰消 / 阴消
* 難以消受 / 难以消受
* 雲消雨散 / 云消雨散
* 雲消霧散 / 云消雾散 (yúnxiāo-wùsàn)
* 香消玉損 / 香消玉损
* 香消玉殞 / 香消玉殒
* 香消玉減 / 香消玉减
* 香消玉碎
* 馬路消息 / 马路消息
* 高溫消毒 / 高温消毒
* 魂消氣泄

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 消 |
| Kyūjitai | 消󠄁 消+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 消󠄃 消+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* to disappear
* to extinguish

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
* Kun: きえる (kieru, 消える, Jōyō)、けす (kesu, 消す, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 消息
* 消失
* 消費
* 消しゴム
* 消防署
* 消防
* 消える
* 消す
* 打ち消し
* 消夏
* 消却
* 消沈

### References

* ↑ “消”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

消 (eumhun 사라질 소 (sarajil so))
* hanja form of 소 (“disappear; extinguish”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

消: Hán Nôm readings: tiêu, teo, tiu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.