# فتح
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *pataḥ-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fa.ta.ħa/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

فَتَحَ • (fataḥa) I (non-past يَفْتَحُ (yaftaḥu), verbal noun فَتْح (fatḥ))
* (transitive) to open (“to make something accessible”)
    Antonym: أَغْلَقَ (ʔaḡlaqa)
** 2003, Alaa Al Aswaany, chapter 2, in The Yacoubian building, Maktaba Madbouly:فَتَحَ زَكِي عَيْنَيْهِfataḥa zakī ʕaynayhiZaki opened his eyes.
* to conquer, occupy, take possession of
* (construed with عَلَى (ʕalā)) to disclose to
* to explain, expound
* to prompt
* to assist
* to begin
* to decide
    فَتَحَ الْفَأْل ― fataḥa l-faʔl ― to take as an omen
* to mark (a consonant) with a fatha
* to offer (a price)
* to broach (a subject)

##### Derived terms

* اِفْتَحْ يَا سِمْسِم (iftaḥ yā simsim)

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: فتح (fataḥ)
* Maltese: fetaħ
* Moroccan Arabic: فتح (ftaḥ)
* South Levantine Arabic: فتح (fataḥ)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fat.ta.ħa/

#### Verb

فَتَّحَ • (fattaḥa) II (non-past يُفَتِّحُ (yufattiḥu), verbal noun تَفْتِيح (taftīḥ))
* (transitive) to open in large numbers or thoroughly
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 7:40:إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَٱسْتَكْبَرُوا عَنْهَا لَا تُفَتَّحُ لَهُمْ أَبْوَابُ ٱلسَّمَاءِ وَلَا يَدْخُلُونَ ٱلْجَنَّةَ حَتَّى يَلِجَ ٱلْجَمَلُ فِي سَمِّ ٱلْخِيَاطِʔinna llaḏīna kaḏḏabū biʔāyātinā wastakbarū ʕanhā lā tufattaḥu lahum ʔabwābu s-samāʔi walā yadḵulūna l-jannata ḥattā yalija l-jamalu fī sammi l-ḵiyāṭiIndeed, those who deny Our signs and disdain them—the gates of the heaven will not be opened for them, nor shall they enter paradise until the camel passes through the needle's eye

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

Cognate with Akkadian 𒁉𒌈 (pītum) and Biblical Hebrew פֶּתַח (pɛ́ṯaḥ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fatħ/

#### Noun

فَتْح • (fatḥ) m (plural فُتُوح (futūḥ) or فُتُوحَات (futūḥāt))
* verbal noun of فَتَحَ (fataḥa) (form I)
* opening
* disclosure, overture, beginning
* conquest, victory, an outcome; occupation of a fortified place, opening of an enemy's defenses
* help
* the vowel sign fatha

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: fəth
* → Ottoman Turkish: فتح
** Turkish: fetih
* → Classical Persian: فَتْح (fath)
** → Bengali: ফতে (phote)
** → Gujarati: ફતેહ (phateh)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: फ़तह (fatah)
    Urdu: فَتَح (fatah)
** → Marathi: फत्ते (phatte)
** → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਤਿਹ (fatih)
    Shahmukhi script: فَتح (fatḥ)
* → Uzbek: fath

### Etymology 4
#### Proper noun

فَتْح • (fatḥ) f
* (politics) Fatah (a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO))

### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “فتح”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Chadian Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic فَتَحَ (fataḥa).

#### Verb

فتح • (fatah) I (non-past يفتح (yaftah))
* (transitive) to open

### Etymology 2

From Arabic فَتَّحَ (fattaḥa).

#### Verb

فتح • (fattah) II (non-past يفتح (yifattih))
* to open up
** 2019, الكتاب المقدس بالعربي الدارجي هنا تشاد [The Bible in Chadian Arabic]‎, N'Djamena: Alliance biblique du Tchad, يُوحَنَّا [John] 9:14:وَ الْيَوْم الْعِيسَى عَجَّنْ فَوْقَهْ الطِّينَةْ وَ فَتَّحْ عُيُونْ الْعَمْيَانْ دَا يَوْم السَّبْتwa l-yōm al-ʔisa ʔajjan fōgah al-tīne wa fattah ʔuyūn al-ʔamyān da yōm al-sabt(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to regain sight
* to wake up
    هو فتح من النوم ― hu fattah min an-nōm ― he woke up.

### References

* Heath, Judith, Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021) Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎ (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 47
* Pommerol, Patrice Jullien de (1999) Dictionnaire Arabe Tchadien ~ Français (in French), Éditions Karthala, →ISBN, page 451

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic فَتَحَ (fataḥa).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Verb

فتح • (fataḥ) I (non-past يفتح (yiftaḥ))
* to open (to make something accessible)

#### Conjugation

$^1$ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فَتْح (fatḥ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [fath]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fät̪ʰ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [fät̪ʰ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [fät̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [fät̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [fæt̪ʰ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [fät̪ʰ]

### Noun

فتح • (fath)
* victory
    Synonyms: پیروزی (piruzi), گشایش (gošâyeš)
* conquest

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: ফতে (phote)
* → Gujarati: ફતેહ (phateh)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: फ़तह (fatah)
    Urdu: فَتَح (fatah)
* → Marathi: फत्ते (phatte)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਤਿਹ (fatih)
    Shahmukhi script: فَتح (fatḥ)

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian فتح (fath), from Arabic فَتْح (fatḥ). Possibly from an earlier Old Punjabi *فتح (ftḥ /⁠fat-hi⁠/), with the modern pronunciation due to the older feminine suffix. Compare Urdu فَتْح (fat-h).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /fə˩˥.teː/

### Noun

فَتْحِ • (fat-hi) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਫ਼ਤਿਹ)
* victory
* conquest

#### Synonyms

* جت (jitt)

### References

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “فتح”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic فَتَحَ (fataḥa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fa.taħ/, [ˈfa.taħ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

فتح • (fataḥ) I (present بفتح (biftaḥ), passive participle مفتوح (maftūḥ))
* to open
    Antonym: سكّر (sakkar)

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian فَتْح (fath), from Arabic فَتْح (fatḥ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /fə.t̪əɦ/

### Noun

فَتَح • (fatah) f (Hindi spelling फ़तह)
* victory
* conquest