# بلوط
## Arabic
### Etymology

From Aramaic בְּלוּטָא / ܒܠܘܛܐ (bəllūṭā, ballūṭā, “oak; acorn”), further
* according to Löw an Aramaic formation from Aramaic בָלַט (bālaṭ, “to bulge out, to stand forth”), because of the nut having a protruding appearance, the pattern KaLLūM being common in Aramaic for fruits.
* possibly related to Akkadian 𒋾 (balāṭu, “to live, to stay or remain, to be enduring; to bring back to life, life-bringing trees or seeds”).
* potentially also Akkadian 𒄑𒁁𒀖 (be-lit, baluṭ, “a strong tree, bearing edible produce, sustainable in more northerly fringes of the Assyrian Empire”) found in the vicinity of Harran mentioned during the reign of Sargon II, the more typical word for oak being 𒀠𒆷𒀭 (ʾallānu, alyānu, “oak; acorn”) from Sumerian 𒄑𒀠𒆷𒈝 (allanum, “oak; acorn, acorn-shaped”). Compare Aramaic אִילָנָא, Classical Syriac ܐܺܝܠܳܢܳܐ (ʾīlānā, “tree”), Hebrew אֵלָה (ʾelā, “terebinth”), Hebrew אֵילִים (ēlīm, “mighty tree”), Hebrew אֵלֹון (elōn, “great tree”), Hebrew אַלּוֹן (allōn, “great tree; oak”).
* comparable to Middle Persian blwt' (balūt, “acorn, oak-nut”), Mazanderani پلت (palat, “maple, poplar”), Northern Kurdish berrû, belû, dialectal Turkish bolut, pelüt, palıt, pölüt, pelit, pilit etc., Azerbaijani palıd, dialectal palut, Uzbek balut, Turkish palamut / پلاموت, pelit / پلیت, pelid / پلید, Chagatai [script needed] (pälütʼʼ), all meaning the oak and/or its nut. The borrowing directions cannot be ascertained.
* to be distinguished from the fish-names Greek παλαμύδα (palamýda), παλαμίδα (palamída) from Ancient Greek πᾱλᾰμῠ́ς (pālămŭ́s) / πηλᾰμῠ́ς (pēlămŭ́s) and its numerous descendants meaning Sarda sarda (Atlantic bonito).
* whereas Venetan palamita, Serbo-Croatian palàmīda / пала̀мӣда, Byzantine Greek παλαμύδα (palamúda) / παλαμίδα (palamída), Greek παλαμύδι (palamýdi) / παλαμίδι (palamídi), Romanian pălămidă mean the creeping thistle Serratula arvensis L. which looks at its top similar to the acorn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bal.luːtˤ/

### Noun

بَلُّوط • (ballūṭ) m (collective, singulative بَلُّوطَة f (ballūṭa))
* oak (Quercus)
* acorn

#### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: بلوط (ballūṭ)
* Maltese: ballut
* → Amharic: ባሉጥ (baluṭ)
* → Middle Armenian: պալուտ (palut)
* → Azerbaijani: palıd
* → Catalan: bellota
* → Crimean Tatar: pelit
* → Ge'ez: ባሉጥ (baluṭ)
* → Portuguese: bolota
* → Spanish: bellota
* → Tigre: ባሉጥ (baluṭ)
* → Ottoman Turkish: بلوط (belût)
* → Ottoman Turkish: پلیت (pelit, “acorn; valonia”)
** → Turkish: palıt, pelit
* → Uyghur: بەللۇت (bellut)
* → Uzbek: balut

### References

* “بلوط” in Almaany
* “blṭ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “blwṭ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Bläsing, Uwe (1995) Armenisch-Türkisch. Etymologische Betrachtungen ausgehend von Materialien aus dem Hemşingebiet (Dutch Studies in Armenian Language and Literature; 4) (in German), Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 103–104
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 139
* Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 98
* Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 621–630, specificallly page 624
* Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, pages 72–73
* Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 44
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بلوط”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 199
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “بلوط”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 109

## Ottoman Turkish
### Noun

بلوط • (bulut)
* Alternative form of بولوت

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian blwt' (balūt, “oak, acorn”), attested in Husraw ī Kawādān ud rēdag-ē, from Aramaic בְּלוּטָא / ܒܠܘܛܐ (bəllūṭā, ballūṭā, “oak; acorn”), see Arabic بَلُّوط (ballūṭ) for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ba.luːt]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bä.luːt̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bä.luːt̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bä.luːt̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bä.lut̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bæ.luːt̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bä.lut̪]

### Noun

بلوط • (balut)
* oak
* acorn

#### Derived terms

* شاه‌بلوط (šâh-balut, “chestnut”)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَلُّوط (ballūṭ).

### Noun

بلوط • (ballūṭ) m (collective)
* (collective) oaks
* (collective) acorns
    شجرة بلوط ― šajret ballūṭ ― an oak tree / an acorn tree