# 障礙
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhàng'ài
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˋ ㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng$^3$ ngoi$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chong-ngoi
    (Hailu, HRS): zhong$^ˇ$ ngoi$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zong$^4$ ngoi$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zyong$^4$ ngai$^5$ / zyeng$^4$ ngai$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiong-gāi / chiòng-gāi / chiàng-gāi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziang$^3$ ghai$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhàng'ài
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˋ ㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhàng-ài
*** Wade–Giles: chang$^4$-ai$^4$
*** Yale: jàng-ài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: janqay
*** Palladius: чжанъай (čžanʺaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^3$ ngoi$^6$
*** Yale: jeung ngoih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^3$ ngoi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^3$ ngoi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ³³ ŋɔːi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chong-ngoi
*** Hakka Romanization System: zong ngoi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zong$^4$ ngoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ŋoi̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhong$^ˇ$ ngoi$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃoŋ¹¹ ŋoi³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zong$^4$ ngoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋoɪ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyong$^4$ ngai$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cio̤̍ng-ngāi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syɒŋ⁴² ŋai²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyeng$^4$ ngai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syøŋ⁴² ŋai²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong-gāi
*** Tâi-lô: tsiong-gāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cionggai
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³ ɡai⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiòng-gāi
*** Tâi-lô: tsiòng-gāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciornggai
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡai³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɡai²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡai³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàng-gāi
*** Tâi-lô: tsiàng-gāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciarnggai
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɡai²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziang$^3$ ghai$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàng gāi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ɡai¹¹/

### Noun

障礙
* obstacle; barrier; hurdle; obstruction
    小心障礙。／小心障碍。 ― Xiǎoxīn zhàng'ài. ― Beware of obstructions.
* (figurative) impediment; hindrance; difficulty; obstruction; barrier
* (medicine) impairment; disorder; disability; difficulty; dysfunction (physical, intellectual, etc.); disturbance
    聽覺障礙／听觉障碍 ― tīngjué zhàng'ài ― hearing impairment
    認知障礙／认知障碍 ― rènzhī zhàng'ài ― cognitive impairment
    性功能障礙／性功能障碍 ― xìnggōngnéng zhàng'ài ― sexual dysfunction
    交流障礙／交流障碍 ― jiāoliú zhàng'ài ― communication impairment
    睡眠障礙／睡眠障碍 ― shuìmián zhàng'ài ― sleep disturbance

#### Synonyms

* (obstacle):
* 壁壘 / 壁垒 (bìlěi) (figurative)
* 壁障 (bìzhàng) (literal, figurative)
* 妨礙 / 妨碍 (fáng'ài)
* 攔路虎 / 拦路虎 (lánlùhǔ) (figurative)
* 故障 (gùzhàng) (figurative)
* 絆腳石 / 绊脚石 (bànjiǎoshí) (figurative)
* 蔽障 (bìzhàng) (literal, figurative)
* 釘子 / 钉子 (dīngzi) (figurative)
* 關卡 / 关卡 (guānqiǎ) (figurative)
* 障礙物 / 障碍物 (zhàng'àiwù) (literal, figurative)
* (impediment): 藩籬／藩篱 (fānlí)
* (dysfunction): 失調／失调 (shītiáo)

### Verb

障礙
* to obstruct; to impede; to hinder

#### Synonyms

* 不通 (bùtōng)
* 堵塞
* 堵截 (dǔjié)
* 堵窒 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 妨礙 / 妨碍 (fáng'ài)
* 徑杈 / 径杈 (Hakka)
* 截 (jié)
* 掛礙 / 挂碍 (guà'ài)
* 擋 / 挡
* 擋住 / 挡住 (dǎngzhù)
* 攔 / 拦 (lán)
* 攔住 / 拦住 (lánzhù)
* 攔截 / 拦截 (lánjié)
* 攔擋 / 拦挡 (lándǎng)
* 攔閘 / 拦闸 (Hokkien)
* 攔阻 / 拦阻 (lánzǔ)
* 有礙 / 有碍 (yǒu'ài)
* 梗塞
* 滯滯 / 滞滞 (Hokkien)
* 滯礙 / 滞碍 (zhì'ài)
* 礙噠 / 碍哒 (ngai$^5$ da) (Xiang)
* 窒礙 / 窒碍 (zhì'ài) (literary)
* 蔽塞 (bìsè) (literary)
* 蔽障 (bìzhàng)
* 遮 (literary, or in compounds)
* 邀 (yāo)
* 閉塞 / 闭塞 (bìsè)
* 阻住 (zo$^2$ zyu$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 阻塞
* 阻撓 / 阻挠 (zǔnáo)
* 阻擋 / 阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
* 阻攔 / 阻拦 (zǔlán)
* 阻滯 / 阻滞 (zǔzhì)
* 阻礙 / 阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
* 阻窒 (Hokkien)

#### Antonyms

* 放行 (fàngxíng)
* 暢通 / 畅通 (chàngtōng)
* 通行 (tōngxíng)

### Derived terms

* 人格障礙 / 人格障碍 (réngé zhàng'ài)
* 功能障礙 / 功能障碍 (gōngnéng zhàng'ài)
* 勃起功能障礙 / 勃起功能障碍 (bóqǐ gōngnéng zhàng'ài)
* 勃起障礙 / 勃起障碍 (bóqǐ zhàng'ài)
* 吞嚥障礙 / 吞咽障碍 (tūnyàn zhàng'ài)
* 學習障礙 / 学习障碍 (xuéxí zhàng'ài)
* 廣泛性發育障礙 / 广泛性发育障碍 (guǎngfànxìng fāyù zhàng'ài)
* 性別分化障礙 / 性别分化障碍 (xìngbié fēnhuà zhàng'ài)
* 性別認同障礙 / 性别认同障碍 (xìngbié rèntóng zhàng'ài)
* 智力障礙 / 智力障碍 (zhìlì zhàng'ài)
* 智障 (zhìzhàng)
* 無障礙 / 无障碍 (wú zhàng'ài)
* 獲得性障礙 / 获得性障碍 (huòdéxìng zhàng'ài)
* 發育障礙 / 发育障碍 (fāyù zhàng'ài)
* 自閉症譜系障礙 / 自闭症谱系障碍 (zìbìzhèng pǔxì zhàng'ài)
* 身心障礙 / 身心障碍 (shēnxīn zhàng'ài)
* 進食障礙 / 进食障碍 (jìnshí zhàng'ài)
* 適應障礙 / 适应障碍 (shìyìng zhàng'ài)
* 酒精使用障礙 / 酒精使用障碍 (jiǔjīng shǐyòng zhàng'ài)
* 障礙專利 / 障碍专利 (zhàng'ài zhuānlì)
* 障礙物 / 障碍物 (zhàng'àiwù)
* 障礙賽跑 / 障碍赛跑
* 驚恐障礙 / 惊恐障碍 (jīngkǒng zhàng'ài)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 障 | 礙 |
| しょう Grade: 6 | がい Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 障礙 – see the following entry. :
| 【障害しょうがい】 | [noun] impediment, obstacle, handicap [verb] obstruct Alternative spellings 障碍, 障がい |
(This term, 障礙, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 障 | 礙 |

### Noun

障礙 • (jang'ae) (hangeul 장애)
* hanja form of 장애 (“obstacle”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 障 | 礙 |

### Noun

障礙
* chữ Hán form of chướng ngại (“obstacle; hindrance”).