# 過

| 過 | U+904E, &#36942; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-904E |
| ← 遍 [U+904D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 遏 → [U+904F] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 過 |
| Simplified | 过 |
| Traditional | 過 |

### Alternative forms

Note that the box in the upper part of 咼 differs in simplified Chinese – in simplified Chinese fonts it is on the left, while in Japanese and traditional Chinese it is on the right (as seen in the Kangxi dictionary).

### Han character

過 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+8 in Chinese, 辵+9 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜月月口 (YBBR), four-corner 3730$_2$, composition ⿺辶咼)

#### Derived characters

* 㗻 撾 檛 濄 膼 䙤 鐹 䆼 簻 薖
* 𠏀 𡑟 𡢤 𢅗 𢣄 𥖤 𫃓 𧒖 𨆔 𨊐 𩟂 𩼣 𪇍 𫑌 𫑑 𪆹 𤻌
* 𭶏 𭺚 𬩕 𬩟 𬩧

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1261, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39002
* Dae Jaweon: page 1753, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3849, character 8
* Unihan data for U+904E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 過 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 碢 | *l'oːl |
| 腡 | *ɡ·roːl, *kʷroːl |
| 過 | *kloːl, *kloːls |
| 渦 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
| 鍋 | *kloːl |
| 楇 | *kloːl, *ɡloːls |
| 瘑 | *kloːl |
| 緺 | *koːl, *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 堝 | *kloːl |
| 濄 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
| 鐹 | *kloːlʔ, *kloːls |
| 薖 | *kʰloːl |
| 簻 | *kʰloːl, *kr'oːl |
| 禍 | *ɡloːlʔ |
| 窩 | *qloːl |
| 萵 | *qloːl |
| 檛 | *kr'oːl |
| 膼 | *kr'oːl |
| 蝸 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 媧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 騧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
| 冎 | *kroːlʔ |
| 剮 | *kroːlʔ |
| 諣 | *qʰroːls, *qʰʷroːls |
| 歄 | *kʷroːl |
| 咼 | *kʰʷroːl |
| 喎 | *kʰʷroːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kloːl, *kloːls): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-ka-j (“to go, to stride”) (STEDT). Related to 跨 (OC *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs, “to pass over”) and 騎 (OC *ɡral, *ɡrals, “to ride”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): guò, guō, gè (guo$^4$, guo$^1$, ge$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˋ, ㄍㄨㄛ, ㄍㄜˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): go$^4$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): guō
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): gō
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуә (guə, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwo$^3$ / gwo$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): go$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): guo$^4$ / guo$^1$ / guo
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ko
    (Hailu, HRS): go$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): guo$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gue$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): gua̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): guó
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): go$^4$ / gue$^4$ / gor$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kè / kèr / kòe / kòa / kò / kò͘ / ko͘ / ko / koa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guê$^3$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gue$^3$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gu$^3$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^5$ku / $^5$kou
** (Jinhua): $^5$kuo
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): go$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guò → guo (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˋ → ˙ㄍㄨㄛ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guo̊
*** Wade–Giles: kuo$^5$
*** Yale: gwo
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .guoh
*** Palladius: го (go)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɔ⁵¹/ → /g̊u̯ɔ/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guō
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guo
*** Wade–Giles: kuo$^1$
*** Yale: gwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guo
*** Palladius: го (go)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gè
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gè
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^4$
*** Yale: gè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geh
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵¹/
* guo - verbal or adjectival complement indicating occurrence or completion;
* guō - used in certain colloquial words;
* gè - colloquial (“fault”).
* Middle Chinese: kwa, kwaH
Rime :
| Character | 過 | 過 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古禾切 | 古卧切 |
| Baxter | kwa | kwaH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑ/ | /kuɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuɑ/ | /kuɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑ/ | /kuɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwa/ | /kwa$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑ/ | /kuɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑ/ | /kuɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑ/ | /kuɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guō | guò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwo$^1$ | gwo$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.kʷˤaj/, /*kʷˤaj/, /*kʷˤaj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kloːl/, /*kloːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 過 | 過 | 過 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guō | guō | guò |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwa › | ‹ kwa › | ‹ kwa$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.kʷˁaj/ | /*kʷˁaj/ | /*kʷˁaj-s/ |
| English | tough, fibrous (vegetables) | to pass | to pass; transgress |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 過 | 過 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4362 | 4371 |
| Phonetic component | 冎 | 冎 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戈 | |
| Old Chinese | /*kloːl/ | /*kloːls/ |

#### Definitions

過
* to cross; to pass; to go across; to pass through
       Zuò zhè sōu chuán guò hé hěn ānquán. [Pinyin]
       It is safe to cross the river in this boat.
       Qǐng nín gǎnkuài guò ānjiǎn, xiànzài yǐjīng dēngjī le. [Pinyin]
       Please hurry up to pass the security check, it's already boarding time.
       Guò le bǎihuò gōngsī biàn xiàng yòu guǎi. [Pinyin]
       Turn to the right after passing the department store.
* (of time) to pass by; to pass
    時間過得很快。／时间过得很快。 ― Shíjiān guò de hěn kuài. ― Time flies quickly.
       Guò le xǔduō nián wǒmen cái ǒurán xiāngféng. [Pinyin]
       Many years were to pass before we crossed our paths again.
* to spend time; to live
       guò zhe jiānkǔ de shēnghuó [Pinyin]
       to live a hard life.
       keoi$^5$ daa$^2$ syun$^3$ faan$^1$ ou$^3$ zau$^1$ gwo$^3$ syu$^2$ gaa$^3$. [Jyutping]
       He is planning to spend his summer holiday in Hong Kong.
* to transfer; to move to
       ngo$^5$ gwo$^3$ zo$^2$ saam$^1$ cin$^1$ man$^1$ lok$^6$ nei$^5$ wu$^6$ hau$^2$ dou$^6$. [Jyutping]
       I transferred three thousand dollars into your account.
* to cause to go through
    過秤／过秤 ― guòchèng ― to weigh
       bǎ zhǔ hǎo de miàn guò yī xià liáng shuǐ [Pinyin]
       Put the boiled noodles through cold water.
* to go over; to look at carefully; to go through
       Wǒmen bǎ zhè piān gǎozi zài guò yībiàn. [Pinyin]
       Let's go over the draft once again.
* to exceed; to surpass; to be over
    過期／过期 ― guòqī ― overdue
    年過六十／年过六十 ― nián guò liùshí ― to be over 60 years of age
* excessive; undue; overboard
    把話說得太過了／把话说得太过了 ― bǎ huà shuō de tài guò le ― [He] said way too much.
* to pass an exam
* verbal complement
** indicating passing by; over; by
       ngo$^5$ seng$^4$ jat$^6$ dou$^1$ wui$^5$ haang$^4$ gwo$^3$ ni$^1$ gaan$^1$ si$^6$ do$^1$. [Jyutping]
       I always walk by this corner store.
** indicating a change in direction; over; away
** indicating an excess in degree or amount; past; through; by
    坐過站了！／坐过站了！ ― Zuò guò zhàn le! ― I rode past my station!
       Wǒ jīntiān zǎoshàng shuì guò le. [Pinyin]
       I overslept this morning.
       Tā fùqīn kǒngpà huó bù guò jīnwǎn. [Pinyin]
       I'm afraid his father may not make it past this evening.
** indicating superiority; better than
    你打得過他嗎？／你打得过他吗？ ― Nǐ dǎ de guò tā ma? ― Do you play better than him?
** (Cantonese) indicating that an event is worthwhile
       ni$^1$ gaan$^1$ caa$^4$ lau$^4$ di$^1$ dim$^2$ sam$^1$ jau$^6$ gwai$^3$ jau$^6$ m$^4$ hai$^6$ dak$^6$ bit$^6$ hou$^2$ sik$^6$, zan$^1$ hai$^6$ sik$^6$ m$^4$ gwo$^3$. [Jyutping]
       The dim sum at this restaurant is quite expensive and not particularly tasty, so it's not worth eating.
* (chiefly literary or Cantonese) adjectival complement indicating an excess in degree or amount; more ... than
    佢高過我。／佢高过我。 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― keoi$^5$ gou$^1$ gwo$^3$ ngo$^5$. [Jyutping] ― He/she is taller than me.
       keoi$^5$ gang$^2$ hai$^6$ lek$^1$ gwo$^3$ ngo$^5$ laa$^1$. [Jyutping]
       He/she is definitely smarter than me.
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Yóu yě hào yǒng guò wǒ, wú suǒ qǔ cái.” [Pinyin]
    Upon which the Master said, "Zhong You is fonder of daring than I am. He does not exercise his judgment upon matters."
* particle indicating that an event or state has occurred already; ever; already
    你去過中國嗎？／你去过中国吗？ ― Nǐ qù guo Zhōngguó ma? ― Have you (ever) been to China?
       nei$^5$ jau$^5$ mou$^5$ heoi$^3$ gwo$^3$ hoeng$^1$ gong$^2$ aa$^3$? [Jyutping]
       Have you ever been to Hong Kong?
       nei$^5$ gin$^3$ gwo$^3$ ngo$^5$ go$^3$ neoi$^5$ pang$^4$ jau$^5$ mei$^6$ aa$^3$? [Jyutping]
       Have you seen my girlfriend yet?
* (Cantonese, Gan) particle indicating repetition of an event; again
       ngo$^5$ zok$^3$ man$^{4-2}$ gaan$^2$ co$^3$ zo$^2$ tai$^4$ muk$^6$, jiu$^3$ cung$^4$ tau$^4$ se$^2$ gwo$^3$. [Jyutping]
       I picked the wrong topic for the essay, so I have to write it all over again.
* too; excessively
       Tāmen bàoyuàn gōngzī guò dī. [Pinyin]
       They complained that the wages were too low.
* fault; blemish; mistake
    將功補過／将功补过 ― jiānggōngbǔguò ― to make up for one's mistakes with good deeds
    吾過矣！／吾过矣！ [Classical Chinese] ― Wú guò yǐ! [Pinyin] ― I am/was wrong! / I have erred!
* (Cantonese, chiefly university slang) to pass
    勁過／劲过 [Cantonese] ― ging$^3$ gwo$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to superpass
    過三爆四／过三爆四 [Cantonese] ― gwo$^3$ saam$^1$ baau$^3$ sei$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to achieve a GPA of 3 or above
* (literary) to pay a visit; to visit; to call on
* (euphemistic) to die; to pass away
* (Cantonese, dated) used to indicates the target or recipient of an action: to
       bei$^2$ gin$^6$ saam$^1$ gwo$^3$ ngo$^5$. [Jyutping]
       Give me the shirt.
** 1894, J. Dyer Ball, Readings in Cantonese Colloquial, page 18:
       tin$^1$ si$^3$ gong$^2$ jyun$^4$, go$^3$ di$^1$ neoi$^5$ jan$^{4-2}$, sam$^1$ hou$^2$ fun$^1$ hei$^2$, zik$^1$ si$^4$ zau$^2$ heoi$^3$ waa$^6$ gwo$^3$ mun$^4$ tou$^4$ zi$^1$. [Jyutping]
       [After the angels said this, t]he women were very glad indeed they ran as quickly as they could to tell the disciples.
** 1907, 《舊新約全書·廣東話》, 詩篇 [Psalm] 59:17:
       nei$^5$ hai$^6$ ngo$^5$ zi$^1$ lik$^6$ loeng$^6$, ngo$^5$ jiu$^3$ go$^1$ zung$^6$ nei$^5$, jan$^1$ soeng$^6$ dai$^3$ hai$^6$ ngo$^5$ wai$^4$ coeng$^4$, si$^1$ jan$^1$ gwo$^3$ ngo$^5$ [Jyutping]
       Unto thee, O my strength, will I sing: for God is my defence, and the God of my mercy [literally, bestows mercy on me].
** 2022, 蕭國華, “啡是佳叔濃？”, in 愛·回家之開心速遞 [Come Home Love: Lo And Behold]‎, episode 1697, spoken by 龍敢佳 (鍾志光):
       gan$^1$ suk$^1$, ngo$^5$ jat$^1$ man$^4$ dou$^2$ nei$^5$ zam$^6$ ceoi$^4$ a$^6$ zik$^1$ hak$^1$ ne$^1$ jap$^6$ heoi$^3$ zing$^2$ faan$^1$ go$^3$ wui$^4$ wan$^4$ gaa$^3$ fe$^1$ gwo$^3$ nei$^5$ aa$^3$. [Jyutping]
       Uncle Kan, as soon as I smelled your scent, I immediately went in to make you some "soul-returning" coffee.
* (Cantonese) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
       keoi$^5$ jau$^5$ gei$^2$ leng$^3$ zai$^2$ aa$^1$? tai$^2$ gwo$^3$!? [Jyutping]
       How handsome can he be? Let me have a look!?
* Classifier for occurrences: time

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 太, 過於 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 太, 忒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 太 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 太 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 太 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 太, 忒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 太, 忒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 太 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 太 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 忒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Donghai | 太 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 太 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 太 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 太 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 太, 忒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 太 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 太 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 太 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 太 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Baoying | 太 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou | 太 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zhenjiang | 太 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yancheng | 太 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 太 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 太, 得滯 >, 過頭 > |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 太, 太過, 得滯 >, 過頭 >, 過龍 > |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 得滯 > |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 得滯 > |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 得滯 > |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 太 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 太 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 太 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 太 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 太 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 忒 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 太, 過頭 > |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 太 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 太 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 太 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 忒 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 太, 忒 |
| Hakka | Changting | 忒 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 忒 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 忒 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 忒 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 太 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 太, 忒 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 太 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 太 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 太, 過頭 > |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 太 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 太 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 太 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 太 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 太 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 太 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 忒 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 太 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 太 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 太 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 過頭 > |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 過頭 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 太 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 太 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 忒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 忒 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 忒 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 忒 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 忒 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 忒 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 忒 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 忒 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 過, 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 恰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 恰 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 傷, 傷過 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 傷, 傷過 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 傷, 太 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 傷, 傷過 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 傷 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 傷, 太 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 傷, 傷過, 過, 佮 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 傷, 傷過 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 傷 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 佮, 過 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 佮, 過 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 佮, 過 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 傷 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 傷 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 太 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 忒 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 太 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 太, 過頭 > |
| Wu | Shanghai | 忒, 過於, 忒煞, 忒以 dated |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 忒 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 忒 |
| Wu | Changshu | 脫 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 忒 |
| Wu | Danyang | 太 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Gaochun) | 太 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 忒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 忒 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 忒 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 太, 忒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 太 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 太, 忒 |
| Note | > - after adjective or adverb | > - after adjective or adverb |
* (to pay a visit):
* 上門 / 上门 (shàngmén)
* 串 (literary, or in compounds)
* 串門 / 串门 (chuànmén) (colloquial)
* 串門子 / 串门子 (chuàn ménzi) (colloquial)
* 參訪 / 参访 (cānfǎng) (formal)
* 坐人家 (zo$^5$ ren$^2$ ga) (Xiang)
* 坐尞 (Hakka)
* 拜望 (bàiwàng) (polite)
* 拜訪 / 拜访 (bàifǎng) (polite)
* 探問 / 探问 (tànwèn)
* 探望 (tànwàng)
* 探視 / 探视 (tànshì)
* 探親 / 探亲 (tànqīn) (to visit one's relatives or spouse)
* 探訪 / 探访 (tànfǎng)
* 登門 / 登门 (dēngmén)
* 看望 (kànwàng)
* 省親 / 省亲 (xǐngqīn) (literary, to visit one's parents or elders)
* 瞧 (qiáo) (colloquial)
* 訪問 / 访问 (fǎngwèn)
* 走訪 / 走访 (zǒufǎng)
* 造訪 / 造访 (zàofǎng)

#### Usage notes

* The past experience particle 過 is negated with 沒／没 (méi), which is placed before the verb.
    我沒去過中國。／我没去过中国。 ― Wǒ méi qù guò Zhōngguó. ― I have not been to China.
** In Cantonese, 未 (mei6) is used instead of 沒 / 没.

#### Compounds

* 一過眼兒 / 一过眼儿
* 不好過 / 不好过
* 不是過 / 不是过
* 不為過 / 不为过 (bùwéiguò)
* 不而過 / 不而过 (put-jî-kò)
* 不貳過 / 不贰过 (bù'èrguò)
* 不過 / 不过 (bùguò)
* 不過問 / 不过问
* 不過如此 / 不过如此
* 不過意 / 不过意 (bùguòyì)
* 不過是 / 不过是
* 不過爾爾 / 不过尔尔 (bùguò'ěr'ěr)
* 事過境遷 / 事过境迁 (shìguòjìngqiān)
* 五過 / 五过
* 人口過剩 / 人口过剩 (rénkǒu guòshèng)
* 代人受過 / 代人受过
* 以功補過 / 以功补过
* 以功覆過 / 以功覆过
* 供過 / 供过
* 供過於求 / 供过于求 (gōngguòyúqiú)
* 信得過 / 信得过 (xìndéguò)
* 兩手過膝 / 两手过膝
* 八仙過海 / 八仙过海 (bāxiānguòhǎi)
* 再來過 / 再来过
* 分過太平 / 分过太平
* 功僅補過 / 功仅补过
* 功過 / 功过 (gōngguò)
* 功過參半 / 功过参半
* 功過相酬 / 功过相酬
* 勸善規過 / 劝善规过
* 口過 / 口过 (kǒuguò)
* 名過其實 / 名过其实 (míngguòqíshí)
* 咎過 / 咎过
* 回過 / 回过
* 垂手過膝 / 垂手过膝
* 夠過兒 / 够过儿
* 大不過 / 大不过
* 大呼過癮 / 大呼过瘾
* 大喜過望 / 大喜过望 (dàxǐguòwàng)
* 大過 / 大过 (dàguò)
* 太過 / 太过 (tàiguò)
* 好過 / 好过 (hǎoguò)
* 如風過耳 / 如风过耳
* 委過 / 委过 (wěiguò)
* 孔鯉過庭 / 孔鲤过庭
* 孫過庭 / 孙过庭
* 容頭過身 / 容头过身
* 寡過 / 寡过
* 將功折過 / 将功折过
* 將功補過 / 将功补过 (jiānggōngbǔguò)
* 對過 / 对过 (duìguò)
* 小過 / 小过 (xiǎoguò)
* 小過年 / 小过年
* 小過門兒 / 小过门儿
* 左不過 / 左不过
* 度過 / 度过 (dùguò)
* 得過 / 得过
* 得過且過 / 得过且过 (déguòqiěguò)
* 忙不過來 / 忙不过来
* 忒過 / 忒过
* 思過 / 思过 (sīguò)
* 思過半 / 思过半
* 悔過 / 悔过 (huǐguò)
* 悔過書 / 悔过书
* 悔過自懺 / 悔过自忏
* 悔過自新 / 悔过自新 (huǐguòzìxīn)
* 悔過自責 / 悔过自责
* 懸的過高 / 悬的过高
* 才過子建 / 才过子建
* 才過屈宋 / 才过屈宋
* 打過 / 打过
* 打過偏手 / 打过偏手
* 拉下過 / 拉下过
* 拗不過 / 拗不过
* 抵不過 / 抵不过
* 招搖過市 / 招摇过市 (zhāoyáoguòshì)
* 拾遺舉過 / 拾遗举过
* 挫過 / 挫过
* 挺過去 / 挺过去
* 掉過來 / 掉过来
* 掉過兒 / 掉过儿
* 掂過兒 / 掂过儿
* 掉過頭 / 掉过头
* 掩鼻而過 / 掩鼻而过
* 提過 / 提过
* 撂過手 / 撂过手
* 撧過來 / 𪮖过来
* 撈過界 / 捞过界
* 操之過急 / 操之过急 (cāozhīguòjí)
* 擔當不過 / 担当不过
* 擦肩而過 / 擦肩而过 (cājiān'érguò)
* 擦身而過 / 擦身而过 (cāshēn'érguò)
* 改過 / 改过 (gǎiguò)
* 改過不吝 / 改过不吝
* 改過向善 / 改过向善
* 改過從善 / 改过从善
* 改過從新 / 改过从新
* 改過自新 / 改过自新 (gǎiguòzìxīn)
* 改過遷善 / 改过迁善
* 放過 / 放过 (fàngguò)
* 放過一馬 / 放过一马
* 放馬過來 / 放马过来 (fàngmǎ guòlái)
* 救過不贍 / 救过不赡
* 救過補闕 / 救过补阙
* 文過 / 文过 (wénguò)
* 文過遂非 / 文过遂非
* 文過飾非 / 文过饰非 (wénguòshìfēi)
* 易過借火 / 易过借火
* 時過境遷 / 时过境迁 (shíguòjìngqiān)
* 朝過夕改 / 朝过夕改
* 末過 / 末过
* 未過門 / 未过门
* 桃花過渡 / 桃花过渡
* 棄過圖新 / 弃过图新
* 毋過 / 毋过 (m̄-kù)
* 氣不過 / 气不过 (qìbùguò)
* 求過於供 / 求过于供
* 沒有過 / 没有过
* 沒渾過事 / 没浑过事
* 沒過 / 没过
* 渡過 / 渡过 (dùguò)
* 濾過作用 / 滤过作用
* 無心之過 / 无心之过 (wúxīnzhīguò)
* 無過 / 无过
* 煙雲過眼 / 烟云过眼
* 熬不過 / 熬不过
* 爭功諉過 / 争功诿过
* 犯過 / 犯过
* 理過其辭 / 理过其辞
* 當不過 / 当不过
* 當面錯過 / 当面错过
* 白駒過隙 / 白驹过隙 (báijūguòxì)
* 百代過客 / 百代过客
* 看不過 / 看不过
* 相過 / 相过
* 督過 / 督过
* 瞞天過海 / 瞒天过海 (mántiānguòhǎi)
* 瞧不過 / 瞧不过
* 知過必改 / 知过必改
* 矯枉過正 / 矫枉过正 (jiǎowǎngguòzhèng)
* 矯枉過直 / 矫枉过直
* 磕過頭的 / 磕过头的
* 神經過敏 / 神经过敏 (shénjīng guòmǐn)
* 福過災生 / 福过灾生
* 秋風過耳 / 秋风过耳
* 穿房過屋 / 穿房过屋
* 窗間過馬 / 窗间过马
* 精力過人 / 精力过人
* 經過 / 经过 (jīngguò)
* 罪過 / 罪过 (zuìguò)
* 翻過兒 / 翻过儿
* 翻過筋斗
* 老鼠過街 / 老鼠过街
* 聞過則喜 / 闻过则喜
* 聞過色喜 / 闻过色喜
* 自視過高 / 自视过高
* 莫過 / 莫过
* 蝗蟲過境 / 蝗虫过境
* 螃蟹過河 / 螃蟹过河
* 衣錦過鄉 / 衣锦过乡
* 補過 / 补过 (bǔguò)
* 見過世面 / 见过世面
* 觀過知仁 / 观过知仁
* 言之過早 / 言之过早 (yánzhīguòzǎo)
* 言之過甚 / 言之过甚
* 言過其實 / 言过其实 (yánguòqíshí)
* 計功補過 / 计功补过
* 計過自訟 / 计过自讼
* 記過 / 记过 (jìguò)
* 說不過 / 说不过
* 說不過去 / 说不过去 (shuōbuguòqù)
* 說事過錢 / 说事过钱
* 說得過去 / 说得过去 (shuōdeguòqù)
* 諒得過 / 谅得过
* 諉過 / 诿过 (wěiguò)
* 諱敗推過 / 讳败推过
* 諫過 / 谏过
* 諱過稱善 / 讳过称善
* 譽過其實 / 誉过其实
* 護過飾非 / 护过饰非
* 責躬省過 / 责躬省过
* 走過場 / 走过场 (zǒuguòchǎng)
* 赸過 / 赸过
* 越過 / 越过 (yuèguò)
* 超過 / 超过 (chāoguò)
* 路過 / 路过 (lùguò)
* 迸不過 / 迸不过
* 逃弗過 / 逃弗过
* 退思補過 / 退思补过
* 透不過氣 / 透不过气
* 逢年過節 / 逢年过节 (féngniánguòjié)
* 通過 / 通过 (tōngguò)
* 透過 / 透过 (tòuguò)
* 透風就過 / 透风就过
* 過一過 / 过一过
* 過下來 / 过下来
* 過三關 / 过三关 (guòsānguān)
* 過不去 / 过不去 (guòbùqù)
* 過世 / 过世 (guòshì)
* 過之 / 过之
* 過了 / 过了
* 過五關 / 过五关
* 過人 / 过人 (guòrén)
* 過人才略 / 过人才略
* 過付 / 过付
* 過來 / 过来 (guòlái)
* 過來人 / 过来人 (guòláirén)
* 過傢伙 / 过家伙
* 過兒 / 过儿
* 過兩天 / 过两天
* 過冬 / 过冬 (guòdōng)
* 過分 / 过分 (guòfèn)
* 過到 / 过到
* 過則勿憚改 / 过则勿惮改 (guòzéwùdàngǎi)
* 過剩 / 过剩 (guòshèng)
* 過動兒 / 过动儿
* 過勞死 / 过劳死 (guòláosǐ)
* 過勿憚改 / 过勿惮改
* 過化存神 / 过化存神
* 過午 / 过午
* 過半 / 过半 (guòbàn)
* 過半數 / 过半数
* 過去 / 过去 (guòqù)
* 過去式 / 过去式 (guòqùshì)
* 過口 / 过口
* 過問 / 过问 (guòwèn)
* 過堂 / 过堂 (guòtáng)
* 過堂風 / 过堂风
* 過場 / 过场 (guòchǎng)
* 過境 / 过境 (guòjìng)
* 過境稅 / 过境税
* 過夏 / 过夏
* 過夜 / 过夜 (guòyè)
* 過天 / 过天
* 過失 / 过失 (guòshī)
* 過失傷害 / 过失伤害
* 過失殺人 / 过失杀人 (guòshī shārén)
* 過失致死 / 过失致死
* 過如 / 过如
* 過嫁妝 / 过嫁妆
* 過子 / 过子
* 過客 / 过客 (guòkè)
* 過小年 / 过小年
* 過山 / 过山
* 過山車 / 过山车 (guòshānchē)
* 過山龍 / 过山龙
* 過帳 / 过帐
* 過年 / 过年
* 過年兒 / 过年儿
* 過度 / 过度 (guòdù)
* 過庭 / 过庭
* 過庭之訓 / 过庭之训
* 過廳 / 过厅
* 過往 / 过往 (guòwǎng)
* 過後 / 过后 (guòhòu)
* 過從 / 过从 (guòcóng)
* 過得去 / 过得去 (guòdeqù)
* 過從甚密 / 过从甚密
* 過得著 / 过得著
* 過心 / 过心 (guòxīn)
* 過愛 / 过爱
* 過意 / 过意
* 過意不去 / 过意不去 (guòyìbùqù)
* 過慮 / 过虑 (guòlǜ)
* 過戶 / 过户 (guòhù)
* 過房 / 过房 (guòfáng)
* 過所 / 过所
* 過房兒子 / 过房儿子
* 過房書 / 过房书
* 過手 / 过手 (guòshǒu)
* 過折了 / 过折了
* 過招 / 过招 (guòzhāo)
* 過排 / 过排
* 過敏 / 过敏 (guòmǐn)
* 過敏原 / 过敏原
* 過數 / 过数 (guòshù)
* 過於 / 过于 (guòyú)
* 過日 / 过日 (guòrì)
* 過日子 / 过日子 (guò rìzi)
* 過明路 / 过明路
* 過是 / 过是
* 過晌 / 过晌
* 過時 / 过时 (guòshí)
* 過時不候 / 过时不候
* 過景 / 过景
* 過會 / 过会
* 過望 / 过望 (guòwàng)
* 過期 / 过期 (guòqī)
* 過木梳 / 过木梳
* 過梁
* 過橋 / 过桥 (guòqiáo)
* 過橋抽板 / 过桥抽板 (guòqiáochōubǎn)
* 過橋拆橋 / 过桥拆桥
* 過橋費 / 过桥费 (guòqiáofèi)
* 過此以往 / 过此以往
* 過歷 / 过历
* 過氣 / 过气 (guòqì)
* 過水麵 / 过水面
* 過江之鯽 / 过江之鲫
* 過沖 / 过冲
* 過河卒子 / 过河卒子 (guòhé zúzi)
* 過河抽板 / 过河抽板
* 過河拆橋 / 过河拆桥 (guòhéchāiqiáo)
* 過活 / 过活 (guòhuó)
* 過淋 / 过淋 (guòlìn)
* 過渡 / 过渡 (guòdù)
* 過渡內閣 / 过渡内阁
* 過渡時期 / 过渡时期
* 過渡灣 / 过渡湾 (Guòdùwān)
* 過渡金屬 / 过渡金属 (guòdù jīnshǔ)
* 過漫 / 过漫
* 過激 / 过激 (guòjī)
* 過濾 / 过滤 (guòlǜ)
* 過火 / 过火 (guòhuǒ)
* 過犯 / 过犯 (guòfàn)
* 過猶不及 / 过犹不及 (guòyóubùjí)
* 過獎 / 过奖 (guòjiǎng)
* 過班 / 过班
* 過甚 / 过甚 (guòshèn)
* 過甚其實 / 过甚其实
* 過甚其詞 / 过甚其词
* 過生日 / 过生日 (guò shēngrì)
* 過當 / 过当 (guòdàng)
* 過當防衛 / 过当防卫
* 過病氣 / 过病气
* 過癮 / 过瘾 (guòyǐn)
* 過盛必衰 / 过盛必衰
* 過目 / 过目 (guòmù)
* 過目不忘 / 过目不忘 (guòmùbùwàng)
* 過目成誦 / 过目成诵
* 過眼 / 过眼
* 過眼煙雲 / 过眼烟云
* 過眼雲煙 / 过眼云烟 (guòyǎnyúnyān)
* 過眼風燈 / 过眼风灯
* 過硬 / 过硬 (guòyìng)
* 過磅 / 过磅 (guòbàng)
* 過福 / 过福
* 過禮 / 过礼
* 過秤 / 过秤 (ɡuòchèng)
* 過程 / 过程 (guòchéng)
* 過稱 / 过称
* 過節 / 过节 (guòjié)
* 過節兒 / 过节儿
* 過篩子 / 过筛子
* 過細 / 过细 (guòxì)
* 過網 / 过网
* 過縱 / 过纵
* 過繼 / 过继 (guòjì)
* 過羅 / 过罗
* 過而能改 / 过而能改
* 過耳秋風 / 过耳秋风
* 過聽 / 过听
* 過肩摔 / 过肩摔
* 過與 / 过与
* 過舌 / 过舌
* 過茶 / 过茶
* 過蒙 / 过蒙
* 過處 / 过处
* 過街樓 / 过街楼
* 過街老鼠 / 过街老鼠 (guòjiē lǎoshǔ)
* 過言 / 过言 (guòyán)
* 過訪 / 过访 (guòfǎng)
* 過話 / 过话 (guòhuà)
* 過誤 / 过误
* 過謙 / 过谦 (guòqiān)
* 過譽 / 过誉 (guòyù)
* 過費 / 过费
* 過賣 / 过卖
* 過贓犯法 / 过赃犯法
* 過路 / 过路 (guòlù)
* 過路人 / 过路人 (guòlùrén)
* 過路客 / 过路客
* 過路的 / 过路的
* 過路財神 / 过路财神 (guòlùcáishén)
* 過路買賣 / 过路买卖
* 過身 / 过身 (guòshēn)
* 過載 / 过载 (guòzài)
* 過逾 / 过逾
* 過道 / 过道 (guòdào)
* 過過身 / 过过身
* 過遣 / 过遣
* 過酒 / 过酒
* 過重 / 过重 (guòzhòng)
* 過量 / 过量 (guòliàng)
* 過錯 / 过错 (guòcuò)
* 過錢 / 过钱
* 過錄 / 过录
* 過錳酸鉀 / 过锰酸钾 (guòměngsuānjiǎ)
* 過門 / 过门 (guòmén)
* 過門不入 / 过门不入
* 過門兒 / 过门儿
* 過門錢 / 过门钱
* 過關 / 过关 (guòguān)
* 過關斬將 / 过关斩将 (guòguānzhǎnjiàng)
* 過限 / 过限
* 過陰 / 过阴
* 過隙 / 过隙
* 過隙白駒 / 过隙白驹
* 過雲雨 / 过云雨 (guòyúnyǔ)
* 過電 / 过电 (guòdiàn)
* 過露 / 过露
* 過頭 / 过头 (guòtóu)
* 過風 / 过风
* 過飯 / 过饭
* 過飽和 / 过饱和 (guòbǎohé)
* 遠超過 / 远超过
* 遷善改過 / 迁善改过
* 邁過隅頭 / 迈过隅头
* 酒過三巡 / 酒过三巡
* 重大過失 / 重大过失
* 錯身而過 / 错身而过
* 錯過 / 错过 (cuòguò)
* 錢過北斗 / 钱过北斗
* 閃過 / 闪过
* 閉門思過 / 闭门思过 (bìménsīguò)
* 閉閣思過 / 闭阁思过
* 開過眼 / 开过眼
* 防衛過當 / 防卫过当
* 附過還職 / 附过还职
* 陳義過高 / 陈义过高
* 難過 / 难过 (nánguò)
* 雨過天晴 / 雨过天晴
* 雨過天青 / 雨过天青
* 雲煙過眼 / 云烟过眼
* 青過於藍 / 青过于蓝
* 面壁思過 / 面壁思过 (miànbìsīguò)
* 面紅過耳 / 面红过耳
* 顧不過來 / 顾不过来
* 顧得過來 / 顾得过来
* 風流罪過 / 风流罪过
* 飄洋過海 / 飘洋过海
* 飛象過河 / 飞象过河 (fēixiàngguòhé)
* 飛過海 / 飞过海
* 飾非文過 / 饰非文过 (shìfēiwénguò)
* 飾非遂過 / 饰非遂过
* 養不教，父之過 / 养不教，父之过 (yǎngbùjiào, fùzhīguò)
* 駟之過隙 / 驷之过隙
* 高軒過 / 高轩过

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 過(か) (ka)
* → Korean: 과(過) (gwa)
* → Vietnamese: quá (過, “too; to exceed”), qua (過, “to cross; through; across”)
Others:
* → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *KʷajH (“to cross”)
** White Hmong: dhau
* → Proto-Tai: *kwaːᴮ (“to cross over”)
** Lao: ກວ່າ (kuā, “than; more than”)
** Shan: ၵႂႃႇ (kwàa, “go; work, run (as an engine)”)
** Thai: กว่า (gwàa, “than; more than; over; go; overflow; pass”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Guō (Guo$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Guō
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Guo
*** Wade–Giles: Kuo$^1$
*** Yale: Gwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guo
*** Palladius: Го (Go)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kwa
Rime :
| Character | 過 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古禾切 |
| Baxter | kwa |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwa/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /kuɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guō |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwo$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kloːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 過 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 4362 |
| Phonetic component | 冎 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 戈 |
| Old Chinese | /*kloːl/ |

#### Definitions

過
* name of a creek
* name of an ancient state in modern Shandong
* a surname

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huò (huo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wo$^5$ / wo$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huò
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$
*** Yale: hwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wo$^5$ / wo$^6$
*** Yale: wóh / woh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wo$^5$ / wo$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wo$^5$ / wo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɔː¹³/, /wɔː²²/

#### Definitions

過
* Alternative form of 輠 / 𰺍
* Alternative form of 禍 / 祸 (huò)

### References

* “過”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “過”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “过”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 129.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 過 |
| Kyūjitai | 過󠄁 過+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 過󠄃 過+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* mistake
* excess, too much

#### Readings

* Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
* Kun: あやまつ (ayamatsu, 過つ, Jōyō)、あやまち (ayamachi, 過ち, Jōyō)、あやまち (ayamachi, 過)、すぐ (sugu, 過ぐ)、すぐす (sugusu, 過ぐす)、すぐる (suguru, 過ぐる)、すぎる (sugiru, 過ぎる, Jōyō)、すぎ (sugi, 過)、すごす (sugosu, 過ごす, Jōyō)、すごす (sugosu, 過す)、よぎる (yogiru, 過ぎる)、よぎる (yogiru, 過る)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 過
* か Grade: 5
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 過 (MC kwa|kwaH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) か [káꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠]

### Noun

過(か) • (ka)
* fault; error; mistake
* the past
* excess

### Prefix

過(か) • (ka-)
* (chemistry) super-, over-; per

### References

* ↑ “過”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

過 (eumhun 지날 과 (jinal gwa))
* hanja form of 과 (“last, past, have been, in time, later”)
* 허물 과; an error, a fault, a misstep, a slip, a mistake.
* 기름통 과; an oil cask, an oilcan.
過 (eumhun 재앙 화 (jaeang hwa))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

過: Hán Nôm readings: qua, quá, góa/goá, quớ, quở
* chữ Hán form of qua (“to pass; to go over”).
** 1910, Sơn Hậu Diễn Ca, sheet 1a
    䀡運𡗶㐌挌過頭。Xem vận trời đã gác qua đầu.Seeing that fate has been set over (my) head.
* chữ Hán form of quá (“too (much); over”).
** circa 15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, Lê triều Nguyễn tướng công Gia huấn ca, Quan Văn Ðường tàng bản (1907), lines 7-8
    𠳒咹涅於朱坤, 拯𢧚多過多言𡭧芇。Lời ăn nết ở cho khôn, chẳng nên đa quá đa ngôn chút nào.Speak and act like a lady, but speak not too much lest you blunder.