# 酸

| 酸 | U+9178, &#37240; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9178 |
| ← 酷 [U+9177] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 酹 → [U+9179] |

## Translingual
### Han character

酸 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田戈金水 (MWICE), four-corner 1364$_7$, composition ⿰酉夋)

#### Derived characters

* 𭋟, 𦾹, 𩆑

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39871
* Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3585, character 3
* Unihan data for U+9178

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 唆 | *sloːl |
| 梭 | *sloːl |
| 葰 | *sloːlʔ, *sroːlʔ, *slul |
| 誜 | *sroːls |
| 朘 | *ʔslon |
| 捘 | *ʔsluːls, *ʔsluːns, *sʰlun |
| 荾 | *slul |
| 酸 | *sloːn |
| 狻 | *sloːn |
| 痠 | *sloːn |
| 鋑 | *ʔslon |
| 脧 | *ʔsluːl |
| 悛 | *sʰlon |
| 吮 | *zlonʔ, *ɦljunʔ |
| 萒 | *ɡronʔ, *lonʔ |
| 沇 | *lonʔ |
| 抁 | *lonʔ |
| 馻 | *lonʔ, *lunʔ |
| 兖 | *lonʔ |
| 渷 | *lonʔ |
| 兗 | *lonʔ |
| 焌 | *ʔsluːns, *ʔsluns, *sʰlud |
| 允 | *lunʔ |
| 狁 | *lunʔ |
| 玧 | *lunʔ |
| 俊 | *ʔsluns |
| 晙 | *ʔsluns, *sluns |
| 餕 | *ʔsluns |
| 畯 | *ʔsluns |
| 駿 | *ʔsluns |
| 竣 | *sʰlun |
| 皴 | *sʰlun |
| 逡 | *sʰlun |
| 踆 | *sʰlun |
| 夋 | *sʰlun |
| 埈 | *sluns |
| 陖 | *sluns |
| 鵕 | *sluns |
| 浚 | *sluns |
| 峻 | *sluns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sloːn): semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): suān (suan$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄢ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): suǎn
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): soen$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhon$^1$ / lhon$^{1*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): son$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sôn
    (Hailu, HRS): son$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): son$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): suan$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soe$^1$ / syⁿ$^1$ / suang$^1$ / suong$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sng / suiⁿ / soan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): seng$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): sui$^1$ / suang$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): slun$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$soe / $^1$suon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sonn$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: suān
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: suan
*** Wade–Giles: suan$^1$
*** Yale: swān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suan
*** Palladius: суань (suanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯än⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: suan$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suan
*** Sinological IPA : /suan⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: suǎn
*** Sinological IPA : /suã²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syun$^1$
*** Yale: syūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: syn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /syːn⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: soen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /søn²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhon$^1$ / lhon$^{1*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬᵘɔn³³/, /ɬᵘɔn³³⁻³³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: son$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sôn
*** Hakka Romanization System: son$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: son$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /son²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: son$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /son⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: son$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɔn⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: suan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: só̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /souŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: soe$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: se̤ⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬø⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syⁿ$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬỹ⁵³³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suang$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: suang
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuaŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoŋ⁵³³/
* soe1/syⁿ1 - vernacular;
* suang1/suong1 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: swan
Rime :
| Character | 酸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 素官切 |
| Baxter | swan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /suɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sʷɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /suɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /swan/ |
| Li Rong | /suɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /suɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /suɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | suān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syun$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤor/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sloːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 酸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | suān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ swan › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ˁor/ |
| English | sour |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 酸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16434 |
| Phonetic component | 允 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 酸 |
| Old Chinese | /*sloːn/ |

### Definitions

酸
* sour; tart
    酸葡萄 ― suānpútáo ― sour grapes
** Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
       Gānjú, Dàlí chéng yǒu zhī, qí wèi suān. [Pinyin]
       Dali City has sweet tangerines, but their flavour is sour.
* (chemistry) acid [from late 19th c.]
    鹽酸／盐酸 ― yánsuān ― hydrochloric acid
    Antonym: 鹼 / 碱 (jiǎn)
* (Siyi Yue, Fuqing Eastern Min) vinegar
* sick at heart; grieved; sad
* Alternative form of 痠 (suān, “aching; sore; stiff”)
* stingy; miserly
* narrow-minded; pedantic
* spoiled; rancid
* to satirize; to ridicule
* (Internet slang) jealous; envious [from 2019]
    See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的, sour grapes
    See also: 醋, 吃醋
    alt. forms: 🍋
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 酸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 酸 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 酸 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 酸 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 酸 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 酸 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 酸 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 酸 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 酸 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 酸 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 酸 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 酸 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 酸 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 酸 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 酸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 酸 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 酸 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 酸 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 酸 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 酸 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 酸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 酸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 酸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 酸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 酸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 酸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 酸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 酸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 酸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 酸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 酸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 酸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 酸 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 酸 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 酸 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 酸 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 酸 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 酸 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 酸 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 酸 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 酸 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 酸 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 酸 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 酸 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 酸 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 酸 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 酸 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 酸 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 酸 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 酸 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 酸 |
| Jin | Datong | 酸 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 酸 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 酸 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 酸 |
| Jin | Linhe | 酸 |
| Jin | Jining | 酸 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 酸 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 酸 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 酸 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 酸 |
| Jin | Handan | 酸 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 酸 |
| Jin | Suide | 酸 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 酸 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 酸 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 酸 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 酸 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 酸 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 酸 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 酸 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 酸 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 酸 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 酸堯, 酸汧 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 酸 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 酸 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 酸 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 酸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 酸 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 酸 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 酸 |
| Wu | Danyang | 酸 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 酸 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 酸 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 酸 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 酸 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 酸 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 醋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 醋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 醋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 忌諱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 忌諱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 醋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 醋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 酸, 醋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 酸 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 酸, 醋 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 醋, 七醋, 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 醋 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 醋, 小酒 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 醋, 小酒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 醋, 小酒 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 醋, 酸醋, 甜酒 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 醋 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 醋 |
| Hakka | Changting | 醋 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 小酒, 醋 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 醋, 小酒, 酸酒 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 醋 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 小酒 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 醋 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 醋 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 甜酒 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 醋 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 醋 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 醋 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 醋 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 醋 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 醋, 小酒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 醋 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 醋 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 醋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 醋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 醋, 酸 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 酸醋 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 醋 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 醋 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 醋 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 醋 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 醋, 米醋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 醋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 醋, 米醋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 酸醋 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Wu | Danyang | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 醋, 米醋 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 米醋 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 醋 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 醋, 米醋 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 醋, 小酒 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 小酒 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 醋, 小酒 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 醋 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 醋 |

### Compounds

* 一元酸 (yīyuánsuān)
* 丁酸 (dīngsuān)
* 丙酸 (bǐngsuān)
* 乙酸 (yǐsuān)
* 乳酸 (rǔsuān)
* 乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)
* 二元酸
* 亞硫酸 / 亚硫酸 (yàliúsuān)
* 亞硝酸 / 亚硝酸 (yàxiāosuān)
* 亞硝酸鹽 / 亚硝酸盐 (yàxiāosuānyán)
* 作酸
* 吃醋拈酸
* 吃醋撚酸
* 含酸
* 單寧酸 / 单宁酸 (dānníngsuān)
* 嘗酸 / 尝酸
* 寒心酸鼻
* 寒酸 (hánsuān)
* 寒酸措大
* 尖酸 (jiānsuān)
* 尖酸刻薄 (jiānsuānkèbó)
* 尿酸 (niàosuān)
* 己二酸 (jǐ'èrsuān)
* 己酸 (jǐsuān)
* 弱酸 (ruòsuān)
* 強酸 / 强酸 (qiángsuān)
* 心酸 (xīnsuān)
* 悲酸 (bēisuān)
* 戊酸 (wùsuān)
* 拈酸吃醋
* 捏酸
* 捻酸
* 撚酸
* 有機酸 / 有机酸
* 果酸 (guǒsuān)
* 枸櫞酸 / 枸橼酸 (jǔyuánsuān)
* 桂皮酸
* 核糖核酸 (hétánghésuān)
* 核苷酸 (hégānsuān)
* 核酸 (hésuān)
* 棕櫚酸 / 棕榈酸 (zōnglǘsuān)
* 檸檬酸 / 柠檬酸 (níngméngsuān)
* 氫氰酸 / 氢氰酸 (qīngqíngsuān)
* 氯酸 (lǜsuān)
* 水楊酸 / 水杨酸 (shuǐyángsuān)
* 油酸 (yóusuān)
* 溴酸 (xiùsuān)
* 琥珀酸 (hǔpòsuān)
* 甜酸苦辣 (tiánsuānkǔlà)
* 甲酸 (jiǎsuān)
* 發酸 / 发酸
* 發酵乳酸 / 发酵乳酸
* 矽酸 (xīsuān)
* 矽酸鹽 / 矽酸盐 (xīsuānyán)
* 硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
* 硝酸 (xiāosuān)
* 硫酸 (liúsuān)
* 硫酸菸鹼 / 硫酸烟碱
* 硫酸鈣 / 硫酸钙 (liúsuāngài)
* 硫酸鉀 / 硫酸钾 (liúsuānjiǎ)
* 硫酸銀 / 硫酸银 (liúsuānyín)
* 硫酸鐵 / 硫酸铁 (liúsuāntiě)
* 硫酸鹽 / 硫酸盐 (liúsuānyán)
* 硼酸 (péngsuān)
* 硼酸水
* 碳酸 (tànsuān)
* 碳酸氣 / 碳酸气 (tànsuānqì)
* 碳酸氫鹽 / 碳酸氢盐 (tànsuān qīng yán)
* 碳酸鈣 / 碳酸钙 (tànsuāngài)
* 磷酸 (línsuān)
* 磷酸礦 / 磷酸矿
* 磷酸鈣 / 磷酸钙 (línsuāngài)
* 窮酸 / 穷酸 (qióngsuān)
* 窮酸餓醋 / 穷酸饿醋
* 細酸 / 细酸
* 羧酸
* 肉酸 (juk$^6$ syun$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 肌酸 (jīsuān)
* 胃酸 (wèisuān)
* 胺基酸 (ànjīsuān)
* 脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)
* 腿酸
* 臉酸 / 脸酸
* 茄酸
* 草酸 (cǎosuān)
* 菸鹼酸 / 烟碱酸
* 葉酸 / 叶酸 (yèsuān)
* 蘋果酸 / 苹果酸 (píngguǒsuān)
* 蟻酸 / 蚁酸 (yǐsuān)
* 軟脂酸 / 软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)
* 辛酸 (xīnsuān)
* 透骨酸心
* 過錳酸鉀 / 过锰酸钾 (guòměngsuānjiǎ)
* 酒石酸 (jiǔshísuān)
* 酪酸 (làosuān)
* 酮酸 (tóngsuān)
* 酸丁
* 酸不唧
* 酸不拉唧
* 酸不溜丟 / 酸不溜丢 (suānbuliūdiū)
* 酸中毒 (suānzhòngdú)
* 酸乳
* 酸凝酪 (suānnínglào)
* 酸味 (suānwèi)
* 酸味兒 / 酸味儿
* 酸嘶
* 酸奶 (suānnǎi)
* 酸子 (suānzǐ)
* 酸寒
* 酸巴溜丟 / 酸巴溜丢
* 酸式鹽 / 酸式盐 (suānshìyán)
* 酸心 (suānxīn)
* 酸性 (suānxìng)
* 酸愴 / 酸怆
* 酸懷 / 酸怀
* 酸懶 / 酸懒
* 酸敗 / 酸败
* 酸文假醋
* 酸根
* 酸梅 (suānméi)
* 酸梅湯 / 酸梅汤 (suānméitāng)
* 酸棗 / 酸枣 (suānzǎo)
* 酸棗子 / 酸枣子
* 酸楚 (suānchǔ)
* 酸模 (suānmó)
* 酸溜溜 (suānliūliū)
* 酸漿 / 酸浆 (suānjiāng)
* 酸牛奶 (suānniúnǎi)
* 酸甜兒 / 酸甜儿
* 酸甜苦辣 (suāntiánkǔlà)
* 酸疼 (suānténg)
* 酸痛 (suāntòng)
* 酸礦 / 酸矿
* 酸腐
* 酸苦
* 酸菜 (suāncài)
* 酸藤
* 酸軟 / 酸软 (suānruǎn)
* 酸辛
* 酸辣
* 酸辣湯 / 酸辣汤 (suānlàtāng)
* 酸酐 (suāngān)
* 酸酪乳
* 酸雨 (suānyǔ)
* 酸餡 / 酸馅
* 酸馬奶 / 酸马奶
* 酸鹼值 / 酸碱值
* 酸鹼度 / 酸碱度
* 酸麻
* 酸鼻
* 醋酸 (cùsuān)
* 鉻酸鉀 / 铬酸钾 (gèsuānjiǎ)
* 雙氯芬酸 / 双氯芬酸 (shuānglǜfēnsuān)
* 鞣酸 (róusuān)
* 鬧酸款 / 闹酸款
* 鹽酸 / 盐酸 (yánsuān)
* 鹽酸草 / 盐酸草
* 鼻子一酸
* 鼻酸 (bísuān)

### Descendants

* →? Proto-Hmong-Mien: *suj (“sour”)

### See also

Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text) :
| 甜 (tián) | 酸 (suān) | 鹹 / 咸 (xián) | 苦 | 辣 (là) | 鮮味 / 鲜味 (xiānwèi) |

### References

* “酸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* sour
* (chemistry) acid

#### Readings

* Go-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
* Kun: すい (sui, 酸い, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* アミノ酸(さん) (aminosan, “amino acid”)
* アルギン酸(さん) (aruginsan, “alginic acid”)
* 安(あん)息(そく)香(こう)酸(さん) (ansokukōsan, “benzoic acid”)
* 胃(い)酸(さん) (isan, “gastric acid”)
* 塩(えん)酸(さん) (ensan, “hydrochloric acid”)
* オクタデカン酸(さん) (okutadekan-san, “octadecanoic acid”)
* オレイン酸(さん) (orein-san, “oleic acid”)
* 核(かく)酸(さん) (kakusan, “nucleic acid”)
* カルボン酸(さん) (karubon-san, “carboxylic acid”)
* 蟻(ぎ)酸(さん) (gisan, “formic acid”)
* 枸(く)櫞(えん)酸(さん) (kuensan, “citric acid”)
* グルタミン酸(さん) (gurutaminsan, “glutamic acid”)
* 珪(けい)酸(さん) (keisan, “silicic acid”)
* 麹(こうじ)酸(さん) (kōjisan, “kojic acid”)
* 琥(こ)珀(はく)酸(さん) (kohakusan, “succinic acid”)
* 酢(さく)酸(さん) (sakusan, “acetic acid”)
* 酸(さん)化(か) (sanka, “oxidation”)
* 酸(さん)性(せい) (sansei, “acidity”)
* 酸(さん)素(そ) (sanso, “oxygen”)
* 酸(さん)鼻(び) (sanbi, “appalling, horrible”)
* 酸(さん)味(み) (sanmi, “sourness”)
* 脂(し)肪(ぼう)酸(さん) (shibōsan, “fatty acid”)
* 酒(しゅ)石(せき)酸(さん) (shusekisan, “tartaric acid”)
* 硝(しょう)酸(さん) (shōsan, “nitric acid”)
* 焦(しょう)性(せい)葡(ぶ)萄(どう)酸(さん) (shōseibudōsan, “pyruvic acid”)
* ステアリン酸(さん) (sutearin-san, “stearic acid”)
* 青(せい)酸(さん) (seisan, “hydrocyanic acid”)
* 石(せき)炭(たん)酸(さん) (sekitansan, “phenol (caustic compound derived from benzene)”)
* 炭(たん)酸(さん) (tansan, “carbonic acid”)
* 胆(たん)汁(じゅう)酸(さん) (tanjūsan, “bile acid”)
* 乳(にゅう)酸(さん) (nyūsan, “lactic acid”)
* 尿(にょう)酸(さん) (nyōsan, “uric acid”)
* 馬(ば)尿(にょう)酸(さん) (banyōsan, “hippuric acid”)
* パルミチン酸(さん) (parumichin-san, “palmitic acid”)
* 砒(ひ)酸(さん) (hisan, “arsenic acid”)
* 硼(ほう)酸(さん) (hōsan, “boric acid”)
* 油(ゆ)酸(さん) (yusan, “oleic acid”)
* 葉(よう)酸(さん) (yōsan, “folic acid”)
* 沃(よう)素(そ)酸(さん) (yōsosan, “iodic acid”)
* 酪(らく)酸(さん) (rakusan, “butyric acid”)
* 硫(りゅう)酸(さん) (ryūsan, “sulphuric acid”)
* 林(りん)檎(ご)酸(さん) (ringosan, “malic acid”)
* 燐(りん)酸(さん) (rinsan, “phosphoric acid”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 酸
* さん Grade: 5
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 酸 (suɑn).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さん [sáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [sã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

酸(さん) • (san)
* sourness (quality or condition)
* (chemistry) acid

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 酸
* す Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 酸 – see the following entry. :
| 【す】 | [noun] 酢, 醋, 酸: vinegar (condiment) Alternative spellings 酢, 醋 |
(This term, 酸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

酸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

酸: Hán Nôm readings: toan
* (chemistry, biochemistry) acid

#### Derived terms

* 染酸 (nhiễm toan)
* 渃強酸 (nước cường toan)
* 胃酸 (vị toan)
* 辛酸 (tân toan)
* 酸轉化 (toan chuyển hóa/toan chuyển hoá)

### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).