# Chinese
## English
### Etymology

From China +‎ -ese under influence of Portuguese chinês, replacing older Chinish. Doublet of chinois. In its orientalist sense of "generically exotic, backwards, or poorly organized", sometimes a deliberate marketing strategy to increase sales, as with the German Chinese checkers. In its sense related to the orientation of stage lighting's barn doors, a reference to a supposed resemblance to East Asian eyes.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /t͡ʃaɪˈniːz/; (sometimes) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃaɪniːz/
* (US) IPA: /ˌt͡ʃaɪˈniz/; (sometimes) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃaɪˌniz/
* (Canada, idle-idol split) IPA: /ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/, /ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/
** (Ontario) IPA: [(ˌ)t͡ʃəɪˈniːz], [ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniːz]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iːz

### Adjective

Chinese (not generally comparable, comparative more Chinese, superlative most Chinese)
* Of, from, or related to China, particularly now the People's Republic of China.
    China has been ruled by the Chinese Communist Party since 1949.
** 1980 November 30, “Communist China's 'Pin Yin' system causes confusion among foreigners”, in Free China Weekly‎, volume XXI, number 47, Taipei, page 1:In this instance, when the Chairman of the "Accuracy in Media" spoke out strongly against the Chinese Communist system of "pin yin" spelling, he was not criticizing any bias or unreliability of news presentation but specifically the inconvenience and confusion caused by the "pin yin" spelling of Chinese names.
* Of, from, or related to the people of China, particularly the Han Chinese and their culture whether in China or overseas.
    Important Chinese holidays celebrated around the world include the Chinese New Year ("Spring Festival"), Tomb Sweeping Day, and the Mid-Autumn Festival.
** 1964, John F. Kennedy, A Nation of Immigrants‎, Revised and Enlarged edition, Harper & Row, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 72–73:In the early 1870’s anti-Chinese agitation in California became organized and focused under the leadership of Denis Kearney, who was, ironically, an immigrant from Ireland. A campaign of organized violence against Chinese communities took form, and the hysteria led to political pressure too violent to be resisted. President Hayes vetoed an act of Congress restricting Chinese immigration, but he did force renegotiation of the Burlingame Treaty under which the government of China agreed to restrict emigration voluntarily.
* Of, from, or related to a language native to Han Chinese persons, often used generally of Chinese characters or particularly to refer to Standard Mandarin.
    There are four Chinese tones... five, if you count the neutral one.
** 1928, Otto Jespersen, An International Language, page 82:The construction of a verbal system which is fairly regular and at the same time based on existing languages is a most difficult task, because in no other domain of the grammar do languages retain a greater number of ancient irregularities and differ more fundamentally from one another. Still an attempt will be made here to conciliate the two points of view and to bring about something which resembles the simple Chinese grammar without, however, losing its European character or the power of expressing nuances to which we are accustomed in our own languages.
** 2012, Endymion Wilkinson, “Introduction”, in Chinese History: A New Manual‎, 3rd revised edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 14:The DPRK (Joseon Minjujui Inmin Konghuaguk 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國) is read in Chinese as Chaoxian minzhu zhuyi renmin gonghe guo, and its capital, Pyeonyang, is pronounced Pingrang 平壤.
* (in phrases, sometimes offensive) As exotic, unusual, backwards, or unorganized as someone or something from China.
    It's all Chinese to me.
* (of film and video lighting, offensive, dated) Having barn doors with a horizontal orientation.
    Coordinate term: English

#### Synonyms

* (of China, its language or people): Sinic, Sino- (prefix); Seric, Serian, Serican, Sinaean, Sinesian, Cathayan (historical or archaic); Chinesian (archaic or jocular)

#### Derived terms

* Anglo-Chinese
* Chinese abacus
* Chinese ace
* Chinese alchemy
* Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis)
* Chinese American
* Chinese anemone
* Chinese angelica (Angelica sinensis)
* Chinese angelica tree (Aralia chinensis)
* Chinese anise (Illicium verum)
* Chinese arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis)
* Chinese Army technique
* Chinese artichoke (Stachys affinis)
* Chinese aster (China aster, Callistephus chinensis)
* Chinese auction
* Chinese auricular therapy
* Chinese Australian
* Chinese-balance
* Chinese balance
* Chinese bamboo partridge (Bambusicola thoracicus)
* Chinese bamboo torture
* Chinese banyan (Ficus microcarpa)
* Chinese barbecue sauce
* Chinese BASIC
* Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra ⇒ Morella rubra)
* Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
* Chinese bezique
* Chinese bird spider (Haplopelma)
* Chinese blackjack
* Chinese black mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
* Chinese block
* Chinese blue
* Chinese boxes
* Chinese Brazilian
* Chinese British
* Chinese Briton
* Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra)
* Chinese brown sauce
* Chinese burn
* Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa varieties)
* Chinese calendar
* Chinese Cambodian
* Chinese Canadian
* Chinese canonical texts
* Chinese-capstan
* Chinese catfish (Clarias fuscus)
* Chinese Cayman Islander
* Chinese cedar (Toona sinensis)
* Chinese celery (Apium graveolens var. secalinum)
* Chinese celery cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)
* Chinese character
* Chinese character encoding
* Chinese chard (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)
* Chinese checkers, Chinese chequers
* Chinese cherry (Prunus spp.)
* Chinese chess
* Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima)
* Chinese chicken salad
* Chinese chikwando
* Chinese Chippendale
* Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum)
* Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia)
* Chinese classic texts
* Chinese compass
* Chinese copy
* Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis)
* Chinese crab (Malus prunifolia)
* Chinese crescent
* Chinese Crested
* Chinese Crested Dog
* Chinese crested tern (Thalasseus bernsteini)
* Chinese crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)
* Chinese Cuban
* Chinese cucumber (Trichosanthes kirilowii)
* Chinese cut
* Chinese date (Ziziphus jujuba)
* Chinese deity
* Chinese desert cat (Felis bieti)
* Chinese dogwood (Cornus kousa)
* Chinese dormouse (Chaetocauda sichuanensis)
* Chinese dragon
* Chinese egg gooseberry (Actinidia coriacea)
* Chinese egg noodles
* Chinese eggplant (Solanum melongena varieties)
* Chinese egret (Egretta eulophotes)
* Chinese eight-ball
* Chinese elder (Sambucus javanica)
* Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia)
* Chinese Empire
* Chinese energetic technique
* Chinese English
* Chinese English pidgin
* Chinese evergreen (Aglaonema spp.)
* Chinese evergreen magnolia (Magnolia delavayi)
* Chinese exclusion
* Chinese export porcelain
* Chinese-eyed
* Chinese fan palm (Livistona chinensis)
* Chinese farmer
* Chinese federalism
* Chinese fermented rice
* Chinese fermented sweet rice
* Chinese fighting stick
* Chinese figwort (Scrophularia ningpoensis)
* Chinese-Filipino
* Chinese Filipino
* Chinese finger cuffs
* Chinese finger prison
* Chinese finger trap
* Chinese fire
* Chinese fire belly newt (Cynops orientalis ⇒ Hypselotriton orientalis)
* Chinese fire drill
* Chinese firepot
* Chinese firewall
* Chinese fishing nets
* Chinese five spice
* Chinese five-spice powder
* Chinese flycatcher (Ficedula elisae)
* Chinese food therapy
* Chinese forget-me-not (Cynoglossum amabile)
* Chinese fried rice
* Chinese frog
* Chinese full stop
* Chinese fuseki
* Chinese gall (Rhus chinensis)
* Chinese garden
* Chinese garter
* Chinese gelatin, Chinese gelatine
* Chinese geomancy
* Chinese ginger (Boesenbergia rotunda)
* Chinese glue
* Chinese goldthread (Coptis chinensis)
* Chinese gong
* Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides)
* Chinese gooseberry (Actinidia spp., especially Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa)
* Chinese goshawk (Accipiter soloensis)
* Chinese grapefruit (Citrus maxima)
* Chinese grass (Boehmeria nivea (ramie))
* Chinese grosbeak (Eophona migratoria)
* Chinese gybe
* Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis)
* Chinese hamburger
* Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus)
* Chinese hamster ovary cell
* Chinese hand analysis
* Chinese handball
* Chinese handcuffs
* Chinese head tax
* Chinese hedge
* Chinese herbal medicine
* Chinese herb tea
* Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
* Chinese holly (Ilex cornuta)
* Chinese homer
* Chinese honey bee (Apis cerana)
* Chinese house church
* Chinese hypothesis
* Chinese indigo (Isatis indigotica ⇒ Isatis tinctoria)
* Chinese Indonesian
* Chinese ink
* Chinese-ish
* Chinese isinglass
* Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba)
* Chinese jump rope
* Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis)
* Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra)
* Chinese keys (Boesenbergia rotunda)
* Chinese knotweed
* Chinese Korean
* Chinese lacquer
* Chinese lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)
* Chinese lantern, including Alkekengi officinarum (syn. Physalis alkekengi)
* Chinese lantern plant (Alkekengi officinarum, syn. Physalis alkekengi)
* Chinese laundry
* Chinese layering
* Chinese leaf, Chinese leaves (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)
* Chinese leaf warbler (Phylloscopus yunnanensis)
* Chinese lettuce (Lactuca sativa cultivars)
* Chinese lilac (Syringa × chinensis)
* Chinese linking rings
* Chinese little bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis)
* Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)
* Chinese long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)
* Chinese lug
* Chinesely
* Chinese macaroni
* Chinese magnolia (Magnolia coco)
* Chinese Malaysian
* Chinese mallow
* Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinensis)
* Chinese marble
* Chinese matrimony vine (Lycium barbarum)
* Chinese Mauritian
* Chinese melon
* Chinese merganser (Mergus squamatus)
* Chinese mestiza
* Chinese mestizo
* Chinese Mestizo
* Chinese millet (Setaria italica)
* Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
* Chinese molasses
* Chinese mountain cat (Felis bieti)
* Chinese mulberry
* Chinese mushroom
* Chinese mustard, Chinese mustard cabbage (Brassica juncea)
* Chinese National Standard
* Chinese New Year
* Chinese noodles
* Chinese number gesture
* Chinese numeral
* Chinese okra, Chinese okra squash (Luffa acutangula)
* Chinese onion (Allium chinense)
* Chinese opening
* Chinese opera
* Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius)
* Chinese painted quail (Coturnix chinensis ⇒ Excalfactoria chinensis)
* Chinese paper
* Chinese parasol, Chinese parasol tree (Firmiana simplex)
* Chinese parsley (Coriandrum sativum)
* Chinese pavilion
* Chinese peach (Prunus persica subsp. platycarpa)
* Chinese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
* Chinese pea tree (Caragana arborescens)
* Chinese peony (Paeonia lactiflora)
* Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum spp.)
* Chinese Peruvian
* Chinese pheasant
* Chinese phoenix
* Chinese Pidgin English
* Chinese pie
* Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis)
* Chinese pitcher-plant (Nepenthes mirabilis)
* Chinese plum
* Chinese poker
* Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus)
* Chinese portrait
* Chinese postman problem
* Chinese potato (Coleus rotundifolius, syn. Plectranthus rotundifolius)
* Chinese preserving melon
* Chinese primrose (Primula sinensis)
* Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense)
* Chinese Proficiency Test
* Chinese Puerto Rican
* Chinese puzzle
* Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis)
* Chinese radish Raphanus sativus var. niger ⇒ Raphanus sativus var. sativus)
* Chinese red
* Chinese red date (Ziziphus jujuba)
* Chinese red head, Chinese red-headed centipede (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans)
* Chinese red pine
* Chinese red vinegar
* Chinese remainder theorem
* Chinese restaurant process
* Chinese restaurant syndrome
* Chinese Revolution
* Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum, Rheum officinale)
* Chinese rice wine
* Chinese rings
* Chinese river crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
* Chinese river dolphin (†Lipotes vexillifer)
* Chinese room
* Chinese room argument
* Chinese ropes
* Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis)
* Chinese rosewood (Dalbergia odorifera)
* Chinese row
* Chinese sacred lily (Narcissus tazetta)
* Chinese sage
* Chinese sausage
* Chinese scholar's rocks
* Chinese scholar tree (Styphnolobium japonicum)
* Chinese seal
* Chinese senna (Senna obtusifolia)
* Chinese Shan
* Chinese Shar Pei
* Chinese Sign Language
* Chinese silk plant (Boehmeria nivea (ramie))
* Chinese silver
* Chinese silver panda
* Chinese Singaporean
* Chinese slipper
* Chinese snake gourd
* Chinese snowball (Viburnum macrocephalum)
* Chinese soup spoon
* Chinese Soviet Republic
* Chinese spinach
* Chinese splits
* Chinese spotbill (Anas poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha ⇒ Anas zonorhyncha)
* Chinese squeeze
* Chinese steamed bun
* Chinese steamed eggs
* Chinese strawberry tree (Myrica rubra ⇒ Morella rubra)
* Chinese striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis)
* Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis)
* Chinese style name
* Chinese sugarcane (Saccharum sinense)
* Chinese swamp cypress (Glyptostrobus pensilis)
* Chinese sweet fermented rice
* Chinese swordfish (Psephurus gladius)
* Chinese tag
* Chinese Taipei
* Chinese takeaway
* Chinese take-out
* Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera)
* Chinese Tartary
* Chinese temple block
* Chinese tickle torture
* Chinese tobacco
* Chinese toe cuffs
* Chinese tour
* Chinese truffle (Tuber sinense)
* Chinese trumpet creeper, Chinese trumpet vine (Campsis grandiflora)
* Chinese trumpetfish
* Chinese tulip tree (Liriodendron chinense)
* Chinese tumbler
* Chinese Turkestan
* Chinese Turkistan
* Chinese turnip (Pachyrhizus erosus)
* Chinese Valentine's Day
* Chinese vampire
* Chinese varnish
* Chinese vermilion
* Chinese Vietnamese
* Chinese violet (Asystasia gangetica)
* Chinese violin
* Chinese Wall
* Chinese wall doctrine
* Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis)
* Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis inermis)
* Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus)
* Chinese water-lily
* Chinese watermelon (Benincasa hispida)
* Chinese water therapy
* Chinese water torture
* Chinese wax
* Chinese wheat noodles
* Chinese wheel
* Chinese whispers
* Chinese whist
* Chinese white
* Chinese white cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)
* Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis)
* Chinese white pear (Pyrus ×bretschneideri)
* Chinese white pine (Pinus armandii)
* Chinese wildman
* Chinese willow (Salix matsudana)
* Chinese windlass
* Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei)
* Chinese winter squash
* Chinese wistaria, Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis)
* Chinese wolf
* Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum, Lycium chinense)
* Chinese wood block
* Chinese wood oil
* Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita ⇒ Dioscorea polystchya)
* Chinese yellow
* Chinese yew (Taxus spp.)
* Chinese yo-yo
* Chinese zither
* Chinese zodiac
* Chinesian
* Filipino-Chinese
* Hàn Chinese
* have got more chins than a Chinese phone book
* have got more chins than a Chinese phonebook

#### Translations
### Proper noun

Chinese
* (uncountable, collective) The citizens of China, particularly citizens of the People's Republic of China.
    The Chinese have an incredible history.
** 1900, Jared Sparks, Edward Everett, Henry Cabot Lodge, The North American Review, volume 171, page 390:If the Chinese were a people like the Russians, the Germans or the French, we (I address chiefly American and British readers) would observe any marked increase in their industrial activity or in their national aggressiveness with some misgiving, possibly, but […]
** 1934, Chinese Affairs, volume 65, page 23:I have given these points to make it clear that the Chinese are a people of strong emotion; and that this emotion is highest and purest when running in the channels of filial piety and loyalty.
** 2002, Sino-American Relations, volume 28, page 60:After Pearl Harbor, American sympathy for the Chinese grew even stronger, for the Chinese were a people who had long been bravely resisting Japanese aggressors.
** 2019 September 30, Jiang Jiang, “I am proud of my country”, in Times of Malta:China is a country with a 5,000 year uninterrupted civilisation, and the Chinese are a people that keep moving forward amid trials and tribulations.
* (uncountable, collective) The Han Chinese, whether in China or overseas.
    The Chinese are present in all parts of the world.
* (uncountable) The Standard Chinese language, written in Chinese characters and spoken and spelled using Standard Mandarin pronunciation.
    你好 is read “Nǐ hǎo” and means “Hello” in Chinese.
* (uncountable) The branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family including Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Southern Min, and other closely related language varieties and dialects.
    Suzhounese and Hakka are lesser-known varieties of Chinese.
* (uncountable) The logographic writing system shared by most Sinitic languages.
    Hong Kong still uses traditional Chinese.

#### Synonyms

* (People of China): Seres, Sinae, Cathayans, Serians, Sinaeans, Sericans (historical or archaic); Chinesians (archaic or jocular)
* (Standard Chinese): Putonghua, Guoyu, Huayu, Guanhua, Hanyu, Zhongwen

#### Derived terms

* American-born Chinese
* American Chinese
* Ancient Chinese
* anti-Chinese
* Archaic Chinese
* British-born Chinese
* British Chinese
* Burmese Chinese
* Chicom
* Chinee
* Chinese-like
* Chinesely
* Chineseness
* Chinesery
* Chinese Tatar
* Chinesian
* Chinglish
* Classical Chinese
* Conchin-Chinese
* C-pop
* Early Middle Chinese
* Gan Chinese
* General Chinese
* Great Chinese Famine
* Great Chinese Wall
* hacked by Chinese
* Hakka Chinese
* Han Chinese
* Hokkien Chinese
* Hoochew Chinese
* Indo-Chinese
* it's all Chinese to me
* Korean Chinese
* learn Chinese
* Literary Chinese
* mainland Chinese
* Malaysian Chinese
* Mandarin Chinese
* Middle Chinese
* Min Chinese
* Old Chinese
* overseas Chinese
* Red Chinese
* Simplified Chinese
* Singaporean Chinese
* South African Chinese
* Standard Chinese
* Standard Written Chinese
* Straits Chinese
* Teochew Chinese
* Thai Chinese
* Traditional Chinese
* traditional Chinese medicine
* Vernacular Chinese
* Vietnamese Chinese
* Waxiang Chinese
* written Chinese
* Wu Chinese
* Xiang Chinese
* Yue Chinese

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

Chinese (countable and uncountable, plural Chinese or Chineses)
* (countable, chiefly in the plural) A person/people from China or of Chinese descent.
** 1738, J. B. Du Halde, “PROVINCE IV. FO-KYEN.”, in A Description of the Empire of China and Chinese-Tartary, Together with the Kingdoms of Korea, and Tibet‎, volume I, London, →OCLC, page 88:If the Chineſe had Liberty to ſettle in Formoſa, ſeveral Families would gladly tranſplant themſelves thither ; but in order thereto they muſt obtain Paſsports from the Mandarins of China, who grant them with Difficulty, and not without taking Security. The Mandarins are very careful to examine all that paſs into or out of the Iſland, and ſome of them extort Money under-hand. This extraordinary Precaution is the Effect of good Policy eſpecially as the Tartars are Maſters of China ; for Formoſa is a Place of great Importance, and if a Chineſe ſhould ſeize it, he might raiſe great Troubles in the Empire : ſo that the Emperor keeps a Garriſon there of ten thouſand Men, commanded by a Tſong-ping, or Lieutenant-General, two Fû-tſyang, or Major-General, and ſeveral inferior Officers; who are chang’d duely every three years, or oftner, if there be Occaſion.
** 1999, Lydia Laube, Bound for Vietnam‎, →ISBN, page 24:But I had the unmitigated pleasure of watching a family of four Chinese struggle to use knives and forks to [eat] their bacon and eggs.
* (uncountable) Ellipsis of Chinese cuisine.
    Please don't eat the Chinese. I'm saving it for later.
** 1958, A.G. Yates, The Cold Dark Hours, Sydney: Horwitz, published 1963, page 73:"Do you like to eat Chinese?
* (UK, countable, colloquial) Ellipsis of Chinese meal (“meal consisting of Chinese cuisine”).
    We're going out tonight for a Chinese.
* (UK, countable, colloquial) Ellipsis of Chinese restaurant (“restaurant serving Chinese cuisine”).
    Want to go to the Chinese after work?

#### Usage notes

As with other terms for people formed with -ese, the countable singular noun in reference to a person (as in "I am a Chinese", "writing about Chinese cuisine as a Chinese") is uncommon and often taken as incorrect. In its place, the adjective is used, by itself (as in "I am Chinese") or before a noun like person, man, or woman ("writing about Chinese cuisine as a Chinese person"). See also -ish, which is similarly only used primarily as an adjective or as a plural noun. However, -ese used in this sense is rather frequent in East Asia as a translation.

#### Synonyms

* (Chinese person): Han (ethnic Chinese regardless of the residence), Chinaman (properly of a man only, now usually considered an offensive slur); Chinee (archaic, offensive); chink (offensive slur); Sinese, Chinean, Chinian, Chinish (rare, archaic); Serian, Serican, Sinaeans, Cathayan (historical or archaic); Chinesian (archaic or jocular)

#### Related terms

* Chinesery

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Chinese terms

### References

* “Chinese”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* ISO 639-1 code zh, ISO 639-3 code zho (SIL)
* Ethnologue entry for Chinese, zho ⁠, a language family including:
* Ethnologue entry for Central Min Chinese, czo ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Dungan, dng ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Eastern Min Chinese, cdo ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Gan Chinese , gan ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Hakka Chinese, hak ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Huizhou Chinese, czh ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Jin Chinese, cjy ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Literary Chinese, lzh ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Mandarin Chinese, cmn ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Northern Min Chinese, mnp ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Northern Pinghua Chinese, cnp ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Puxian Min Chinese, cpx ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Southern Min Chinese, nan ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Southern Pinghua Chinese, csp ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Waxiang Chinese, wxa ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Wu Chinese, wuu ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Xiang Chinese, hsn ⁠
* Ethnologue entry for Yue Chinese, yue ⁠

### Anagrams

* Chinees, Eischen, seechin'

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Chinees +‎ -e.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃiˈneː.sə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Chi‧ne‧se
* Rhymes: -eːsə

### Noun

Chinese f (plural Chinesen, masculine Chinees)
* woman from China

#### Related terms

* China
* Chinees

### Adjective

Chinese
* inflection of Chinees:
** masculine/feminine singular attributive
** definite neuter singular attributive
** plural attributive

### Anagrams

* Chinees

## German
### Etymology

From China +‎ -ese.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /çiˈneːzə/, /ʃiˈneːzə/
** Audio:(file)
* (Southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland) IPA: /kiˈneːzə/
** Audio (Austria):(file)
* Hyphenation: Chi‧ne‧se

### Noun

Chinese m (weak, genitive Chinesen, plural Chinesen)
* A Chinese person, particularly a Han Chinese person
* Chinese restaurant
    Synonym: Chinarestaurant

#### Synonyms

* Sinese (obsolete)

#### Derived terms

* Chinesin
* chinesisch
* Chinesisch

### References

* “Chinese” in Duden online
* “Chinese” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache