OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# surd
## English
### Etymology

First attested in the mid 16th century from Latin surdus (“deaf, mute”), used in mathematics for “irrational,” reflecting ἄλογος (álogos, “irrational, speechless”) as found in Euclid, apparently transmitted via Arabic جِذْر أَصَمّ (jiḏr ʔaṣamm, “deaf root”). The phonetic sense, “voiceless,” emerged in the 18th century. Doublet of surdo.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA: /sɜːd/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) enPR: sûrd, IPA: /sɝd/
* (Scotland) IPA: /sʌɹd/
* (New Zealand) IPA: /søːd/
* (Liverpool, fair–fur merger) IPA: /seːd/
* (Humberside, Teesside, fair–fur merger) IPA: /sɛːd/
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)d

### Noun

surd (plural surds)
* (arithmetic) An irrational number, especially one expressed using the √ symbol.
* (linguistics) A voiceless consonant.
    Antonym: sonant

#### Derived terms

* quadratic surd

### Adjective

surd (comparative more surd, superlative most surd)
* (obsolete) Lacking the sense of hearing; deaf.
** 1670s, published 1716, Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, part 3, section 6:
    …how all Words fall to the Ground, spent upon such a surd and Earless Generation of Men, stupid unto all Instruction…
* (obsolete) unheard
** 1773, William Kenrick, A New Dictionary of the English Language, section 3, page 5:To this errour, of blending the ſurd and vocal modes of articulation together, may be added the too frequent uſe of compound articulations both vocal and ſurd.
* (mathematics) Involving surds, or irrational numbers; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers.
    a surd expression or quantity; a surd number
* (phonetics) unvoiced; voiceless
    Antonym: sonant

#### Related terms

* absurd

### Anagrams

* RUDs, Ruds, UDRS, Urds, ruds

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* surdu, nsurdu

### Etymology

From Latin surdus. Compare Romanian surd.

### Adjective

surd m (feminine surde, plural surdz, feminine plural surdi)
* deaf

#### Related terms

* surdzest

## Romanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin surdus, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“ringing, whistling”). Compare Aromanian surdu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /surd/
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

surd m or n (feminine singular surdă, masculine plural surzi, feminine and neuter plural surde)
* deaf

#### Related terms

* asurzi
* surditate
* surzi

#### See also

* auzi
* mut
* orb
# גת
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎂𐎚 (gt).

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /ɡat/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

גַּת • (gat) f (plural indefinite גיתות / גִּתּוֹת or גיתים / גִּתִּים, singular construct גַּת־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]
* winepress
** Tanach, Judges 6:11, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:וַיָּבֹא מַלְאַךְ יְהֹוָה וַיֵּשֶׁב תַּחַת הָאֵלָה אֲשֶׁר בְּעׇפְרָה אֲשֶׁר לְיוֹאָשׁ אֲבִי הָעֶזְרִי וְגִדְעוֹן בְּנוֹ חֹבֵט חִטִּים בַּגַּת לְהָנִיס מִפְּנֵי מִדְיָן׃And the angel of the LORD came, and sat under the terebinth which was in Ophrah, that belonged unto Joash the Abiezrite; and his son Gideon was beating out wheat in the winepress, to hide it from the Midianites.

#### References

* H1660 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Klein, Ernest (1987) “גַּת”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎, Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 111c
* Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 274b
* “גת” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

### Proper noun

גַּת • (gat) f
* Gath, one of the cities of the Philistine Pentapolis, home of Goliath

#### Derived terms

* אל תגידו בגת

#### References

* H1661 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Anagrams

* תג
# ド軍
## Japanese
### Etymology

Compound of ド (clipping of ドジャース) +‎ 軍 (gun, “team”), cognate of 読売巨人軍 (“Yomiuri Giants”)

#### Proper noun

ド軍(ぐん) • (Dogun)
* Abbreviation of ロサンゼルス・ドジャース (Rosanzerusu Dojāsu). Los Angeles Dodgers
    ド軍(ぐん)の日(に)本(ほん)人(じん)トリオとは、大(おお)谷(たに)翔(しょう)平・山(へい・やま)本(もと)由(よし)伸・佐(のぶ・さ)々(さ)木(き)朗(ろう)希(き)のことです。
       Dogun no nihonjin torio toha, Ōtani Shōhei Yamamoto Yoshinobu Sasaki Rōki no koto desu.
       The Dodgers' Japanese trio are Shohei Ohtani, Yoshinobu Yamamoto, and Roki Sasaki.
** 2025 March 8, “ド軍投手コーチ　大谷翔平の5月投手復帰論に慎重「それはおそらく楽観的。全てが計画通りにうまくいけば」（スポニチ）”, in Mainichi Shimbun 毎日新聞:
** 2025 March 13, “ド軍ロバーツ監督　契約再延長に言及「選手のために」“チーム愛”語る「他にいたい場所はない」（スポニチ）”, in Mainichi Shimbun 毎日新聞:

#### Usage notes

* This abbreviation is mainly used in contexts where the number of characters is limited, such as in the headlines of sports articles in mass media.

#### Coordinate terms

    Coordinate terms: ア軍, エ軍, オ軍, カ軍, ガ軍, ジ軍, タ軍, ダ軍, ド軍, ナ軍, パ軍, フ軍, ブ軍, ホ軍, マ軍, メ軍, ヤ軍, レ軍
# -ська
## Ukrainian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ sʲka]

### Etymology 1

From -ський (-sʹkyj)

#### Suffix

-ська • (-sʹka) f (alternative -цька, variant -зька)
* female equivalent of -ський (-sʹkyj)

### Etymology 2

From -ськ (-sʹk) +‎ -а (-a).

#### Suffix

-ська • (-sʹka) m
* genitive singular of -ськ (-sʹk)
# serbiskākam
## Latvian
### Adjective

serbiskākam
* dative masculine singular of serbiskāks
# PX goods
## English
### Etymology

From PX (“Post Exchange of the U.S. Military”) +‎ goods, due to the initially illegal import trade in the then-US military bases in the Philippines, particularly Pampanga's Clark Air Base and Subic Naval Base in Subic Bay. Its illicit trade died out when trade was liberalized around the 1990s, opening the door for legal freeport zones in Clark and Subic Bay for more legalized imported goods in duty-free stores and supermarkets instead.

### Noun

PX goods (uncountable)
* (Philippines) An import-restricted imported grocery item.

#### See also

* PX store
# telaga
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay telaga (attested in Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD as talāga), from Old Javanese talaga (“tank, pool, pond”). Cognate of Javanese ꦠ꧀ꦭꦒ (tlaga), Kapampangan talaga, Sundanese talaga (“lake”), and Ternate talaga (“lake”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /təˈla.ɡa/
* Hyphenation: tê‧la‧ga
* Rhymes: -ɡa, -a

### Noun

têlaga (plural telaga-telaga)
* lake.
    Synonym: danau
* pond.
    Synonyms: kolam, perigi, balong
* (mining) oil well.

### References

* ↑ Tom Hoogervorst (2017 December 31) Andrea Acri, Roger Blench, Alexandra Landmann, editor, 9. The Role of “Prakrit” in Maritime Southeast Asia through 101 Etymologies‎, ISEAS Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 375–440

### Further reading

* “telaga” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD.

### Noun

telaga (Jawi spelling تلاݢ, plural telaga-telaga, informal 1st possessive telagaku, 2nd possessive telagamu, 3rd possessive telaganya)
* well
* lake
* (archaic) pond
* short for telaga tahi (“water closet, lavatory; toilet”).
* short for telaga minyak (“oil well”).

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: telaga
* → Ternate: talaga

### Further reading

* “telaga” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
# Leonidha
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* Lonidha

### Proper noun

Leonidha ?
* a male given name

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.
# gospelized
## English
### Verb

gospelized
* simple past and past participle of gospelize

#### Derived terms

* ungospelized
# Venus flytrap sea anemone
## English
### Etymology

From the resemblance to the Venus flytrap plant.

### Noun

Venus flytrap sea anemone (plural Venus flytrap sea anemones)
* A species of deep ocean sea anemone, Actinoscyphia aurelia, using its tentacles to capture prey and protect itself.

#### References

* Venus flytrap sea anemone on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Actinoscyphia aurelia on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Actinoscyphia aurelia on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
# serbisko
## Latvian
### Adjective

serbisko
* inflection of serbisks:
** definite vocative/accusative/instrumental masculine/feminine singular
** definite genitive masculine/feminine plural
# ربان
## Arabic
### Etymology

From the root ر ب ب (r b b), to be a caregiver or fosterer in charge of. Doublet of رَبّ (rabb) with the Arabic +‎ ـَان (-ān) suffix, in the sense of رَبّ بَحْرِيّ (rabb baḥriyy, “captain of a ship”), a proprietor or caretaker of a vessel. Compare Hebrew ריבון (ribón, “ruler, master”). Alternatively a borrowing from Middle Persian equivalent to Persian رهبان (rahbân, literally “one who guards the way”), compare رهبر (rahbar, “guide”).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -aːn

### Noun

رُبَّان • (rubbān) m (plural رَبَابِين (rabābīn) or رَبَابِنَة (rabābina) or رُبَّانَة (rubbāna) or رُبَّانُون (rubbānūn) or رُبَّانِيَّة (rubbāniyya), feminine رُبَّانَة (rubbāna))
* captain, pilot (the man in charge of a ship, yore and today, and also of aircraft)
** 2017 May 25, مانع سليمان, “القضية الجنوبية.. سفينة تغرق بخروق قباطنتها”, in Al-Jazīra‎:فأصبح لكل قبطان خط إبحار خاص به، يوحيه إليه النجم الإقليمي الذي يُسَيّرُ مغامراته على طوارقه أشرعته، أو الوجهة التي توجه إليها المجرة الدولية التي يهتدي بتوجهاتها في تحريك شراع طيشه، فتاهت وجهة القضية الجنوبية، بالجنون الذي يعيشه ربابنتها، وتخطفتها مخالب صراع القباطنة وأنياب الربانين، الذين يتحدون في الصراخ، لكنهم يتشتتون في جهد الساعد وجهاد المساعد.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Synonyms

* قُبْطَان (qubṭān), إِشْتِيَام (ʔištiyām)

#### Descendants

* → Swahili: rubani

### Noun

رَبَّان • (rabbān) m du
* dual rectus of رَبّ (rabb)

### References

* Agius, Dionisius A. (2008) Classic Ships of Islam. From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 92), Leiden: Brill, pages 182–183
* Eilers, Wilhelm (1962) “Iranisches Lehngut im arabischen Lexikon”, in Indo-Iranian Journal (in German), volume 5, number 3, page 221
* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 221–22
* Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2009) “Irano-Arabica: contamination and popular etymology. Notes on the Persian and Arabic lexicons (with references to Aramaic, Hebrew and Turkic)”, in Христианский Восток – Новая Серия, volume 5 (XI), Moscow: Издательство Российской Академии Наук и Государственного Эрмитажа, page 178
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ربان”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 444
# hubris
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ὕβρις (húbris, “insolence, sexual outrage”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ˈhjuːbɹɪs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

hubris (countable and uncountable, plural hubrises)
* Excessive pride, presumption, or arrogance (originally toward the gods).
** 1997, John M. Connor, “The Global Lysine Price-Fixing Conspiracy of 1992-1995”, in Review of Agricultural Economics, volume 19, number 2, page 426:Antitrust prosecutors target big companies that exude hubris.
** 2017 August 20, “The Observer view on Donald Trump’s presidency”, in The Observer‎:One would have thought that even Trump, despite all his hubris and egotism, would know better than to jump feet first into America’s most sensitive issue: racial division.

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:hubris.

#### Derived terms

* hubristic

#### See also

* sophrosyne
* hamartia
* pride comes before a fall

### Further reading

* “hubris”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* rubish

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈubɾis/ [ˈu.β̞ɾis]
* Rhymes: -ubɾis
* Syllabification: hu‧bris

### Noun

hubris f (uncountable)
* hubris
# Maronis
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /maˈroː.nis/, [mäˈroːnɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /maˈro.nis/, [mäˈrɔːnis]

### Proper noun

Marōnis
* genitive singular of Marō
# 公安機關
## Chinese
### Noun

公安機關
* (Mainland China) public security agency.

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 公 | 安 | 機 | 關 |

### Han character

公安機關: Hán Nôm readings: Công an cơ quan
* chữ Hán form of Công an cơ quan (“public security agency”).
# full-fledgedness
## English
### Alternative forms

* fullfledgedness

### Etympology

From full-fledged +‎ -ness.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fʊlˈflɛd͡ʒɪdnɪs/

### Noun

full-fledgedness (uncountable)
* The state, quality, or condition of being full-fledged.

#### Related terms

* fledgedness
* unfledgedness
# âm lượng
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音量, composed of 音 (“sound”) and 量 (“quantity”)

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔəm˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔəm˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔəm˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩˨]
* Audio (Hà Nội):(file)

### Noun

âm lượng
* volume (strength of sound)
# Qazaq
## English
### Etymology

Originally an alternative transliteration of Russian каза́к (kazák), каза́х (kazáx); now from Kazakh qazaq (Latin spelling of қазақ).

### Noun

Qazaq (countable and uncountable, plural Qazaqs)
* Alternative spelling of Kazakh

### Adjective

Qazaq (comparative more Qazaq, superlative most Qazaq)
* Alternative spelling of Kazakh
** 1931, D[mitry] S[vyatopolk-]Mirsky, “Territorial Survey of the Empire”, in Russia: A Social History, London: The Cresset Press, published 1942 (2nd impression), →OCLC, chapter VI (The Petersburg Period (1698-1861)), page 187:It was chiefly to protect the mining districts from the Qazaq nomads that a fortified frontier running in a semi-circle from Orenburg to Omsk and thence up the Irtysh, thus cutting off the Urals and the Altai from the steppe, came into existence.
** 2001, Stéphane A. Dudoignon, “Status, Strategies and Discourses of a Muslim ‘Clergy’ under a Christian Law: Polemics about the Collection of the Zakât in Late Imperial Russia”, in Stéphane A. Dudoignon, Komatsu Hisao, editors, Islam in Politics in Russia and Central Asia (Early Eighteenth to Late Twentieth Centuries) (Islamic Area Studies; 3), London: Kegan Paul International, →ISBN, part 1 (Community Building in the Russian Dār al-Ḥarb), page 59:In the spring of 1913 two Qazaq notables, Bay Muhammad Maykutov and Utash Jarasov, achieved the construction of the new mosque-and-madrasa complex in a modern Russian-style four-storey building.
** 2020, Allen J. Frank, “The Kereys”, in Paolo Sartori, Danielle Ross, editors, Sharīʿa in the Russian Empire: The Reach and Limits of Islamic Law in Central Eurasia, 1550–1917, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, chapter 5 (Islamic Scholars among the Kereys of Northern Kazakhstan, 1680–1850), page 186:The fortified lines of the Siberian and Orenburg Cossacks largely conform to the modern boundary between Kazakhstan and Russia; the role of the Kereys in resisting its advancement, and defending what is seen as both Qazaq land and the realm of Islam, is clearly evident in these Kerey sources.

#### Related terms

* Qazaqstan
* Qazaqstani
# extralogical
## English
### Etymology

From extra- +‎ logical.

### Adjective

extralogical (not comparable)
* Outside of the domain of logic.

#### Related terms

* extralogically

### References

* “extralogical”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# asparát
## Czech
### Noun

asparát m inan
* (regional) asparagus

### Further reading

* “asparát”, in Slovník nářečí českého jazyka (in Czech), 2016–
* Bachmannová, Jarmila (2016) “asparát”, in Slovník podkrkonošského nářečí [Dictionary of the Podkrkonoší Dialect] (in Czech), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 33
# carinë
## Albanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian carina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡saˈɾinə/
* Rhymes: -inə
* Hyphenation: ca‧rí‧në

### Noun

carinë f (definite carina) (uncountable)
* (archaic) tax in feudalism; property tax or customs
* tribute, duty

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “carinë”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Mann, S. E. (1948) “carinë”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 46
# sibīriskajam
## Latvian
### Adjective

sibīriskajam
* definite dative masculine singular of sibīrisks
# Vasillaq
## Albanian
### Proper noun

Vasillaq m
* a male given name
# governable
## English
### Etymology

From govern +‎ -able.

### Adjective

governable (comparative more governable, superlative most governable)
* Capable of being governed or subjected to authority; amenable to law or rule.
    Synonyms: controllable, manageable, ruleable, obedient
** 2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 397:Even without theatrical shoes on, Erlys was taller than Luca Zombini, and kept her fair hair in a Psyche knot, out of which the less governable tresses continued, with the day, to escape.

#### Synonyms

* tractable

#### Antonyms

* ungovernable

#### Derived terms

* governably

#### Related terms

* governability
* governableness

#### Translations
### References

* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “governable”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* “governable”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# shared
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ʃɛːd/
* (General American) IPA: /ʃɛɹd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ʃeːd/
* (New Zealand, without the cheer–chair merger) IPA: /ʃeəd/
* (New Zealand, cheer–chair merger) IPA: /ʃiəd/
* (Scotland) IPA: /ʃeɹd/
* (Lancashire, fair–fur merger) IPA: /ʃɜː(ɹ)d/
* Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)d
* Homophones: sheared (cheer–chair merger); shirred (fair–fur merger)

### Verb

shared
* simple past and past participle of share

### Adjective

shared (not comparable)
* Used by multiple entities or for multiple purposes or in multiple ways.
** 1981, Frank Herbert, God Emperor of Dune‎ (Science Fiction), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 41:"We are myth-killers, you and I, Moneo. That's the dream we share. I assure you from a God's Olympian perch that government is a shared myth. When the myth dies, the government dies."
** 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:It is tempting to speculate about the incentives or compulsions that might explain why anyone would take to the skies in [the] basket [of a balloon]: […]; […]; or perhaps to muse on the irrelevance of the borders that separate nation states and keep people from understanding their shared environment.

#### Synonyms

* (multiple entities): common, mutual; see also Thesaurus:joint

#### Derived terms

* a worry shared is a worry halved
* shared appreciation mortgage
* shared card
* shared joy is double joy
* shared lane marking
* shared sorrow is half sorrow
* shared space
* shared taxi
* shared use path

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* Dahers, Dasher, Haders, Heards, Herdas, Rashed, Sheard, dasher, rashed, red ash, shader, sheard
# Gura Bărbulețului
## Romanian
### Etymology

From gură + Bărbulețu.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Gura Bărbulețului f
* A village in Bărbulețu, Dâmbovița County, Romania
# sea anemone
## English
### Noun

sea anemone (plural sea anemones)
* Any polyp, of the order Actiniaria, which occurs in marine and estuarine habitats, and which captures its food using tentacles.

#### Derived terms

* starlet sea anemone
* Venus flytrap sea anemone

#### Further reading

* sea anemone on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# sibīriskajās
## Latvian
### Adjective

sibīriskajās
* definite locative feminine plural of sibīrisks
# hubristic
## English
### Alternative forms

* hybristic

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ὑβριστικός (hubristikós), equivalent to hubris +‎ -tic.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: hyo͞o'-brĭsʹ-tĭk, IPA: /ˌhjuːˈbɹɪs.tɪk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪstɪk

### Adjective

hubristic (comparative more hubristic, superlative most hubristic)
* Of, or relating to hubris; overly arrogant.
* Displaying hubris (as a personality characteristic).
** December 13 2021, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time Magazine‎:Musk is easily cast as a hubristic supervillain, lumped in with the tech bros and space playboys, for whom money is scorekeeping and rockets are the ultimate toy. But he’s different: he’s a manufacturing magnate—moving metal, not bytes.

#### Derived terms

* hubristically
# जठर
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* জঠৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬚᬞᬭ (Balinese script)
* জঠর (Bengali script)
* 𑰕𑰙𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀚𑀞𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ဇဌရ (Burmese script)
* જઠર (Gujarati script)
* ਜਠਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌜𑌠𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦗꦜꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂔𑂘𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಜಠರ (Kannada script)
* ជឋរ (Khmer script)
* ຊຐຣ (Lao script)
* ജഠര (Malayalam script)
* ᡯᠠᡱᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘕𑘙𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠽᠠᢍᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦵𑦹𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐖𑐛𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଜଠର (Odia script)
* ꢙꢝꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆘𑆜𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖕𑖙𑖨 (Siddham script)
* ජඨර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩣𑩧𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚑𑚕𑚤 (Takri script)
* ஜட²ர (Tamil script)
* జఠర (Telugu script)
* ชฐร (Thai script)
* ཛ་ཋ་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒖𑒚𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨥𑨕𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́l̥tʰáram, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥-th₂-ero-, from *ǵelt- (“belly”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *kelþaz.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /d͡ʑɐ.ʈʰɐ́.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /d͡ʑɐ.ʈʰɐ.ɾɐ/

### Noun

जठर • (jaṭhára) stem, n or m
* stomach, belly, abdomen, bowels
** c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.40.5:दधिष्वा जठरे सुतं सोममिन्द्र वरेण्यम् । तव द्युक्षास इन्दवः ॥dadhiṣvā jaṭhare sutaṃ somamindra vareṇyam. tava dyukṣāsa indavaḥ.Take the juice within thy belly, Indra, Soma the most excellent: Thine are the drops celestial.
* the womb
* the interior of anything

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Prakrit: 𑀚𑀠𑀭 (jaḍhara), 𑀚𑀠𑀮 (jaḍhala)
* Pali: jaṭhara

#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “जठर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 469.
# governaunce
## English
### Noun

governaunce (plural governaunces)
* Obsolete form of governance.

#### Derived terms

* misgovernaunce

### Anagrams

* gouvernance

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* gouvernance, gouvernaunce, governance, governans, governauns, guvernance

### Etymology

Borrowed from Old French gouvernance, governance; equivalent to governen +‎ -aunce.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌɡuvərˈna(u̯)ns(ə)/, /ˈɡuvərna(u̯)ns(ə)/

### Noun

governaunce (plural governaunces)
* Authority, rule, or leadership; the holding of power:
** Governing; governmental or political control.
** Military command or force; the state of being in military control.
** (rare) A term or tenure; a period of office.
* Control, governance; the action of being governed:
** Teaching or guardianship; caring or developing another.
** Willpower or self-control; one's ability to exercise restraint.
** Control of a device or machine (especially a nautical vessel).
* Influence or effect (especially exerted by constellations or organs)
* One's actions, choices, or behaviour; that which characterises oneself.
* (medicine, alchemy) A course of action; a set of directives.
* (rare) The organisation or cohesion of an army.
* (rare) An governmental command or order to aid in governance.
* Protective guidance, keeping, or care
** 1485 – Thomas Malory. Le Morte Darthur, Book X, Chapter xl, leaf 239v
    With ryght good wille said Arthur / for sire Galahalt the haute prynce shall haue yow in gouernaunce. "With right good will, said Arthur; for Sir Galahalt, the haut prince, shall have you in governance."(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Descendants

* English: governance
* Middle Scots: governance

#### References

* “governaunce, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-28.