# 環境
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huánjìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): waan$^4$ ging$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fàn-kín
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fan$^2$ gin$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kuàng-gīng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khoân-kéng / hoân-kéng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huêng$^5$ gêng$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gue-cin$_5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huánjìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huánjìng
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^2$-ching$^4$
*** Yale: hwán-jìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwanjinq
*** Palladius: хуаньцзин (xuanʹczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waan$^4$ ging$^2$
*** Yale: wàahn gíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waan$^4$ ging$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wan$^4$ ging$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːn²¹ kɪŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fàn-kín
*** Hakka Romanization System: fan$^ˇ$ gin$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fan$^2$ gin$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /fan¹¹ kin³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fan$^2$ gin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fan¹¹ kin⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kuàng-gīng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuaŋ⁵³⁻³³ $^{(k-)}$ŋiŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoân-kéng
*** Tâi-lô: khuân-kíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoankeang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰuan²³⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰuan¹³⁻²² kiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân-kéng
*** Tâi-lô: huân-kíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoankeang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /huan²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /huan²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /huan²⁴⁻¹² kiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³⁻²² kiɪŋ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huêng$^5$ gêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huêng kéng
*** Sinological IPA : /hueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ keŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gue-cin$_5$
*** MiniDict: gue$^去$ cin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$gue-jin$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɡue²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

### Noun

環境
* environment (place in which people, animals and plants live); surroundings (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    保護環境／保护环境 ― bǎohù huánjìng ― to protect the environment
    環境惡化／环境恶化 ― huánjìng èhuà ― environmental degradation
    海洋環境／海洋环境 ― hǎiyáng huánjìng ― marine environment
    淨化環境／净化环境 ― jìnghuà huánjìng ― to clean up the environment
* environment (setting or conditions in which an activity is carried out)
    學習環境／学习环境 ― xuéxí huánjìng ― learning environment
    失重環境／失重环境 ― shīzhòng huánjìng ― weightless environment
* circumstances; context
    文化環境／文化环境 ― wénhuà huánjìng ― cultural context

#### Derived terms

* 建成環境 / 建成环境 (jiànchéng huánjìng)
* 投資環境 / 投资环境 (tóuzī huánjìng)
* 環保 / 环保 (huánbǎo)
* 環境保護 / 环境保护 (huánjìng bǎohù)
* 環境壁壘 / 环境壁垒
* 環境意識 / 环境意识
* 環境效益 / 环境效益
* 環境標準 / 环境标准
* 環境標誌 / 环境标志
* 環境污染 / 环境污染 (huánjìng wūrǎn)
* 環境監測 / 环境监测
* 環境科學 / 环境科学 (huánjìng kēxué)
* 環境要素 / 环境要素
* 環境質量 / 环境质量
* 環境退化 / 环境退化
* 生態環境 / 生态环境 (shēngtài huánjìng)
* 社會環境 / 社会环境 (shèhuì huánjìng)

#### Related terms

* 生態／生态 (shēngtài)

### References

* “環境”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 環 | 境 |
| かん Grade: S | きょう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]

### Noun

環(かん)境(きょう) • (kankyō)
* environment, surroundings
* the natural environment

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 環 | 境 |

### Noun

環境 • (hwan'gyeong) (hangeul 환경)
* hanja form of 환경 (“environment”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 環 | 境 |

### Noun

環境
* chữ Hán form of hoàn cảnh (“environment”).