# cingulum
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cingulum (“girdle”), from cingō (“to gird”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɪŋɡjələm/

### Noun

cingulum (plural cingula or cinguli)
* The girdle of an alb.
* (neuroanatomy) A collection of white matter fibers projecting from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex in the brain, allowing for communication between components of the limbic system.
* (anatomy) A ridge that girdles the base of an upper molar tooth.
* (zoology) A distinct girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain univalve shells.
* (zoology) The clitellus of earthworms.

#### Derived terms

* cingulotomy
* cingulumotomy
* ectocingulum
* hypocingulum
* metacingulum
* midcingulum
* paracingulum
* postcingulum
* precingulum
* procingulum

#### Related terms

* cingulid

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* glucinum

## Latin
### Etymology

From cingō (“to surround, encompass; gird”) +‎ -ulum (instrument noun suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkin.ɡu.lum/, [ˈkɪŋɡʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃin.ɡu.lum/, [ˈt͡ʃiŋɡulum]

### Noun

cingulum n (genitive cingulī); second declension
* A girdle which encircles the hips; zone, belt; sword-belt; sash.
    Synonyms: cestus, cinctūra, cinctus, zōna
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.31.24:sindonem fēcit et vēndidit et cingulum trādidit ChananeōShe made fine linen, and sold it, and delivered a girdle to the Chanaanite. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.; 1752 CE)
* (figuratively) A girdle of the earth; zone.
    Synonym: circulus

#### Usage notes

Often found as a plurale tantum:
* 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid I.492:aurea subnectens exsertae cingula mammaeher golden girdle fastened beneath her exposed breasts

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

#### Derived terms

* cingillum

#### Related terms

* cincticulus
* cinctōrium
* cinctūra
* cinctus
* cinctūtus
* cingō

#### Descendants

Many via the plural cingula.
* Eastern Romance:
** Romanian: chingă, cingă
* Old French: cengle
** French: sangle
** → Dutch: singel
** → English: cingle
** Champenois: ceinglle
** Picard: chingue
** Walloon: cingue
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Italian: cengia, cingolo, cinghia, cinghio
** Neapolitan: chienga
** Sicilian: cinga, cigna
* Occitano-Romance:
** Catalan: cingle
** Occitan: cingla, cengla
    Auvergnat: senglha
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: cengle
* Venetan: senghia, zhengia
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: cingla, cincha, cello, cenyo
*** → Spanish: ceño (Murcian)
** Asturian: cinchu, cincha
** Galician: cincho, zuncho
** Portuguese: cilha, cincho
** Spanish: cejo, cencha, cincha, cincho, suncho, zuncho
*** →? English: cinch
* Ancient borrowings:
** → Albanian: qing, qingël
** → Middle Irish: cengal
*** Irish: ceangal
*** Manx: kiangley
*** Scottish Gaelic: ceangal
** → Welsh: cengl, cyngl, cingl
* Learned borrowings:
** → German: Zingulum
** → Portuguese: cíngulo
** → Spanish: cíngulo

### References

* “cingulum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "cingulum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cingulum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “cingulum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “cingulum”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
* “cingulum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

cingulum n (definite singular cingulumet, indefinite plural cingulum, definite plural cinguluma)
* cingulum