# course
## English
### Pronunciation

* (horse–hoarse merger)
** (Received Pronunciation) enPR: kôs, IPA: /kɔːs/
** (General American) enPR: kôrs, IPA: /kɔɹs/, /koɹs/
    Audio (General American):(file)
** Homophone: coarse
** Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)s
* (without the horse–hoarse merger)
** (rhotic) enPR: kōrs, IPA: /koːɹs/
** (non-rhotic) IPA: /koəs/
* (Tasmania) IPA: /kɜːs/
    Homophone: curse (Tasmania)
    Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s (Tasmania)
* (obsolete) IPA: /kuːɹs/, /kʊɹs/

### Etymology 1

From Middle English cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of cursus and cour.

#### Noun

course (plural courses)
* A sequence of events.
    The normal course of events seems to be just one damned thing after another.
** A normal or customary sequence.
*** c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:The course of true love never did run smooth.
*** 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:Day and night, / Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost, / Shall hold their course.
** A programme, a chosen manner of proceeding.
** Any ordered process or sequence of steps.
*** 1958 September 6, Weasel While You Work, spoken by the Barnyard Dawg:There is but one course for me to follow: I'LL MOIDER THE BUM!
** (education) A learning programme
*** a series of lectures or lessons in a particular subject
    Synonym: class
    I need to take a French course.
*** (UK, Ireland) an educational programme at a college or university leading to an academic degree or vocational qualification.
    What's your course in university? —Business studies. And you?
**** 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond‎:During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]
*** 1992 August 21, Edwina Currie, Diary:Her course will be ‘Communication Studies with Theatre Studies’: God, how tedious, how pointless.
*** 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.
** (especially in medicine) A treatment plan.
*** 1932, Agatha Christie, The Thirteen Problems:Miss Clark, alarmed at her increasing stoutness, was doing a course of what is popularly known as banting.
** (cooking) A stage of a meal.
    We offer seafood as the first course.
** The succession of one to another in office or duty; order; turn.
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Chronicles 8:14:He appointed […] the courses of the priests.
* A path that something or someone moves along.
    His illness ran its course.
** The itinerary of a race.
    The cross-country course passes the canal.
** A racecourse.
** The path taken by a flow of water; a watercourse.
** (sports) The trajectory of a ball, frisbee etc.
** (golf) A golf course.
** (nautical) The direction of movement of a vessel at any given moment.
    The ship changed its course 15 degrees towards south.
** (navigation) The intended passage of voyage, such as a boat, ship, airplane, spaceship, etc.
    A course was plotted to traverse the ocean.
** (India, historical) The drive usually frequented by Europeans at an Indian station.
*** 1853, William Delafield Arnold, Oakfield; or, Fellowship in the East, section II, page 124:It was curious to Oakfield to be back on the Ferozepore course, after a six months' interval, which seemed like years. How much had happened in these six months!
* (nautical) The lowest square sail in a fully rigged mast, often named according to the mast.
    Main course and mainsail are the same thing in a sailing ship.
* (in the plural, courses, obsolete, euphemistic) Menses.
** 2018, Gail Kern Paster, The Body Embarrassed‎, Cornell University, page 92:The bleeding body signifies as a shameful token of uncontrol, as a failure of physical self-mastery particularly associated with woman in her monthly "courses".
* A row or file of objects.
** (masonry) A row of bricks or blocks.
    On a building that size, two crews could only lay two courses in a day.
** (roofing) A row of material that forms the roofing, waterproofing or flashing system.
** (textiles) In weft knitting, a single row of loops connecting the loops of the preceding and following rows.
* (music) One or more strings on some musical instruments (such as the guitar, lute or vihuela): if multiple, then closely spaced, tuned in unison or octaves and intended to be played together.

##### Hyponyms

* bird course
* crash course
* due course
* massive open online course (MOOC)

##### Derived terms

* access course
* aftercourse
* assault course
* back course
* belt course
* Bestuzhev course
* blocking course
* change course
* clerk of the course
* collision course
* confidence course
* conversion course
* core course
* correspondence course
* course authoring tool
* coursebook
* course-correct
* course correction
* course credit
* courseless
* courselike
* course load
* courseload
* coursemate
* course of action
* course of events
* coursepack
* course to steer
* courseware
* coursework
* course work
* cross-course
* damp course
* double-course
* e-course
* forecourse
* full-course dinner
* full-course meal
* full-course yellow
* golf course
* gut course
* horses for courses
* in due course (in course)
* in full course
* in the course of time
* let nature take its course
* main course
* matter of course
* midcourse
* mill course
* minicourse
* mizzen course
* multicourse
* obstacle course
* of course (of course my horse)
* off course
* on course
* ordinary course of business
* out of course
* out-of-course
* palaeocourse
* par for the course
* postcourse
* precourse
* protection course
* racecourse
* refresher course
* reverse course
* ridge course
* ropes course
* run its course
* sandwich course
* service course
* single-course
* stay the course
* stretching course
* stringcourse
* subcourse
* take its course
* telecourse
* the course of true love never did run smooth
* timecourse
* weeder course

##### Descendants

* → Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

##### Further reading

* course on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

#### Verb

course (third-person singular simple present courses, present participle coursing, simple past and past participle coursed)
* To run or flow (especially of liquids and more particularly blood).
    The oil coursed through the engine.
    Blood pumped around the human body courses throughout all its veins and arteries.
** 2001, Salman Rushdie, Fury: A Novel, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 5:Sudden anger rose in him. “What I’m looking for,” he barked, “is to be left in peace.” His voice trembled with a rage far bigger than her intrusion merited, the rage which shocked him whenever it coursed through his nervous system, like a flood.
** 2013 September 20, Martina Hyde, “Is the pope Catholic?”, in The Guardian:He is a South American, so perhaps revolutionary spirit courses through Francis's veins. But what, pray, does the Catholic church want with doubt?
* (transitive) To run through or over.
* (transitive) To pursue by tracking or estimating the course taken by one's prey; to follow or chase after.
** c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene vi]:We coursed him at the heels.
* (transitive) To cause to chase after or pursue game.
    to course greyhounds after deer

##### Derived terms

* coursing joint

##### Translations
### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* 'course

#### Adverb

course (not comparable)
* (colloquial) Ellipsis of of course.
** 1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate:"Course it's mighty hard to tell till we've put out a few traps," said the former, "but it looks to me like we've struck it lucky."
** 1946, Milton “Mezz” Mezzrow, Bernard Wolfe, “Tell a Green Man Something”, in Really the Blues, New York, N.Y.: Random House, book 3 (1928–1935: The Big Apple), page 209:Course, my home wasn't exactly in Harlem […]

### References

* ↑ “course”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. (uses the notation ˈkȯrs, or in IPA [ˈkoɚs, ˈkɔɚs])
* ↑ “course”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present. (uses the notation /kɔrs, koʊrs/)
* ↑ Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎, volumes I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 13.36, page 368.

### See also

* nom de course

### Anagrams

* Couser, Crouse, Crusoe, cerous, coures, crouse, source

## Chinese
### Etymology

From English course.

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): ko$^1$ si$^2$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ko$^1$ si$^2$
*** Yale: kō sí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ko$^1$ si$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ko$^1$ xi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔː⁵⁵ siː³⁵/

### Noun

course
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) course; learning programme (Classifier: 個／个 c)
    報course／报course [Cantonese] ― bou$^3$ ko$^1$ si$^2$ [Jyutping] ― to apply for a course
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) course; programme for treatment

### References

* English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese

## French
### Etymology

From Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), with influence of Italian corsa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuʁs/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

course f (plural courses)
* run, running
* race
* errand

#### Usage notes

* course is a false friend, it does not mean "course". To translate the English word course to French, use cours.

#### Derived terms

* au pas de course
* champ de course
* cheval de course
* course aux armements
* course aux flambeaux
* course d’obstacles
* course d’orientation
* course sur luge
* faire les courses
* luge de course
* résultat des courses

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: cursa
* → Dutch: koers
* → Romanian: cursă
* → Swedish: kosa
* → Vietnamese: cuốc

### Further reading

* “course”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* coeurs, cœurs
* coures
* écrous
* source

## Middle English
### Noun

course
* Alternative form of cours

### Adjective

course
* Alternative form of cours

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”).

### Noun

course f (plural courses)
* (Jersey) course