# 伴

| 伴 | U+4F34, &#20276; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F34 |
| ← 伳 [U+4F33] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 伵 → [U+4F35] |

## Translingual
### Han character

伴 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人火手 (OFQ), four-corner 2925$_0$, composition ⿰亻半)

#### Derived characters

* 𠴞, 𢭬, 𣵲, 𦁂, 𡖱, 𪨠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 475
* Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 139, character 1
* Unihan data for U+4F34

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 伴
* Small seal scripts05717Transcribed ancient scriptsL34680L33538L15886L15887
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 半 | *paːns |
| 絆 | *paːns |
| 靽 | *paːns |
| 姅 | *paːns, *pʰaːns |
| 拌 | *pʰaːn, *baːnʔ |
| 拚 | *pʰaːn, *brons, *pʰaːn, *puns |
| 坢 | *pʰaːnʔ |
| 判 | *pʰaːns |
| 泮 | *pʰaːns |
| 頖 | *pʰaːns |
| 胖 | *pʰaːns |
| 冸 | *pʰaːns |
| 牉 | *pʰaːns |
| 柈 | *baːn |
| 伴 | *baːnʔ, *baːns |
| 叛 | *baːns |
| 畔 | *baːns |
| 袢 | *ban |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baːnʔ, *baːns): semantic 亻 + phonetic 半 (OC *paːns).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bàn (ban$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bun$^6$ / pun$^5$ / bun$^{6-2}$ / pun$^{5-2}$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phân
* Jin (Wiktionary): ban$^3$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pua$^5$ / puaⁿ$^5$ / buang$^5$ / buong$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phōaⁿ / phǒaⁿ / pōaⁿ / poān / phoǎn / phoān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): puan$^6$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bonn$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bàn
*** Wade–Giles: pan$^4$
*** Yale: bàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bann
*** Palladius: бань (banʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bun$^6$ / pun$^5$ / bun$^{6-2}$ / pun$^{5-2}$
*** Yale: buhn / púhn / bún / pún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bun$^6$ / pun$^5$ / bun$^{6-2}$ / pun$^{5-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bun$^6$ / pun$^5$ / bun$^{6-2}$ / pun$^{5-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /puːn²²/, /pʰuːn¹³/, /puːn²²⁻³⁵/, /pʰuːn¹³⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phân
*** Hakka Romanization System: pan$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan²⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ban$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pæ̃⁴⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: pua$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰua²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: puaⁿ$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰũã²¹/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: buang$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: buāng
*** Sinological IPA : /puaŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: buong$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /puoŋ²¹/
* pua5/puaⁿ5 - vernacular (as in 做伴);
* buang5/buong5 - literary (as in 伴隨, 伴侶).
* Middle Chinese: banX
Rime :
| Character | 伴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蒲旱切 |
| Baxter | banX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buɑn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bʷɑn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /buɑn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bwan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /buɑn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /buɑn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuɑn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bun$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.b]ˤanʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*baːnʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 伴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ban$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[C.b]ˁanʔ/ |
| English | comrade |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 伴 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 258 |
| Phonetic component | 半 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 伴 |
| Old Chinese | /*baːnʔ/ |

#### Definitions

伴
* companion
* to accompany
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) something attached to the main instrument
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 伙伴 (huǒbàn)
* 作伴 (zuòbàn)
* 伴侶 / 伴侣 (bànlǚ)
* 伴侶動物 / 伴侣动物 (bànlǚ dòngwù)
* 伴同 (bàntóng)
* 伴哥
* 伴唱 (bànchàng)
* 伴唱帶 / 伴唱带
* 伴唱影碟
* 伴唱機 / 伴唱机
* 伴夥 / 伴伙
* 伴大夜
* 伴奏 (bànzòu)
* 伴姑
* 伴姑兒 / 伴姑儿
* 伴娘 (bànniáng)
* 伴宿 (bànsù)
* 伴手 (bànshǒu)
* 伴星 (bànxīng)
* 伴材
* 伴當 / 伴当 (bàndāng)
* 伴等
* 伴舞 (bànwǔ)
* 伴讀 / 伴读 (bàndú)
* 伴送
* 伴郎 (bànláng)
* 伴隨 / 伴随 (bànsuí)
* 伴食
* 伴食中書 / 伴食中书
* 伴食宰相
* 做伴 (zuòbàn)
* 偷偷伴伴
* 同伴 (tóngbàn)
* 呼朋引伴
* 夥伴 / 伙伴 (huǒbàn)
* 女伴 (nǚbàn)
* 學伴 / 学伴
* 廝伴 / 厮伴
* 搭伴 (dābàn)
* 旅伴 (lǚbàn)
* 木伴哥
* 火伴 (huǒbàn)
* 玩伴 (wánbàn)
* 男伴 (nánbàn)
* 相伴
* 窩伴 / 窝伴
* 終身伴侶 / 终身伴侣
* 結伴 / 结伴 (jiébàn)
* 老伴 (láobàn)
* 舞伴 (wǔbàn)
* 良伴 (liángbàn)
* 遊伴 / 游伴
* 陪伴 (péibàn)
* 館伴 / 馆伴

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 伴 (伴)
* → Vietnamese: bạn (伴)
Others:
* Tai Languages
** Proto-Southwestern Tai
*** Thai: เพื่อน (pʉ̂ʉan, “companion, friend”)
**** → Khmer: ភឿន (phɨən, “companion, friend”)
**** → Northern Khmer: พฺืน (“companion, friend”)
*** Lao: ເພື່ອນ (phư̄an, “companion, friend”), ເພິ່ນ (phœn, “he, she, it, him, her”)
**** Isan: เพื่อน (“companion, friend”), เพิ่น (“he, she, it, him, her”)
*** Northern Thai: ᨻᩮᩬᩥ᩵ᩁ (“companion, friend”), ᨻᩮᩥ᩠᩵ᨶ (“he, she”)
*** Shan: ပိူၼ်ႈ (pōen)
*** Lü: ᦵᦗᦲᧃᧈ (poen¹, “he, she, friend”)
*** Tai Nüa: ᥙᥫᥢ (poen)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pàn (pan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pun$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pàn
*** Wade–Giles: pʻan$^4$
*** Yale: pàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pann
*** Palladius: пань (panʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pun$^3$
*** Yale: pun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pun$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuːn³³/
* Middle Chinese: banH
Rime :
| Character | 伴 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 薄半切 |
| Baxter | banH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bʷɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /buɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bwan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /buɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /buɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bun$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*baːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 伴 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 262 |
| Phonetic component | 半 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 叛 |
| Old Chinese | /*baːns/ |

#### Definitions

伴
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 伴奐／伴奂 (pànhuàn, “relaxed; free; unrestrained”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 叛 (pàn, “to rebel”)
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    fán yùyù qí qiánhòu xī, pàn zhāngchí zhī xìnqī [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* “伴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “伴”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 221.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 伴 |
| Kyūjitai | 伴󠄁 伴+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 伴󠄃 伴+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* consort

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banX); compare Mandarin 伴 (bàn):
* Go-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banH); compare Mandarin 伴 (pàn):
* Go-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: ともなう (tomonau, 伴う, Jōyō)、とも (tomo, 伴)
* Nanori: すけ (suke)、とも (tomo)

### Compounds

* 伴連(ともづ)れ (tomozure)
* 伴船(ともぶね) (tomobune)
* 伴性遺伝(はんせいいでん) (hanseīden)
* 伴侶(はんりょ) (hanryo)
* 伴食(ばんしょく) (banshoku)
* 伴奏(ばんそう) (bansō)
* 伴僧(ばんそう) (bansō)
* 伴走(ばんそう) (bansō)
* 伴星(ばんせい) (bansei)
* 随伴(ずいはん) (zuihan)
* 同伴(どうはん) (dōhan)

### Proper noun

伴(ばん) • (Ban)
* a surname

### References

* ↑ “伴”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 132 (paper), page 116 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banX). Recorded as Middle Korean 반〯 (pǎn) (Yale: pan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 伴 (eumhun 짝 반 (jjak ban))
* hanja form of 반 (“companion”)

#### Compounds

* 동반 (同伴, dongban, “accompaniment”)
* 반려 (伴侶, ballyeo, “partner; companion”)
* 반주 (伴奏, banju, “(music) accompaniment”)
* 수반 (隨伴, suban, “accompaniment”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

伴: Hán Việt readings: bạn
伴: Nôm readings: bạn
* chữ Hán form of bạn (“friend”).

#### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).