# 節氣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiéqì
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄑㄧˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җечи (ži͡əči, I-III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zit$^3$ hei$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jiet$^6$ qi
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chiet-hi
* Jin (Wiktionary): jieh$^4$ qi$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cáik-ké
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zeh$^6$ ki$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): choeh-khùi / cheh-khì / cheh-khùi / chiat-khì
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$ciq-chi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiéqì → jiéqi (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄑㄧˋ → ㄐㄧㄝˊ ˙ㄑㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiéci̊
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^2$-chʻi$^5$
*** Yale: jyé-chi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye.chih
*** Palladius: цзеци (czeci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/ → /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җечи (ži͡əči, I-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiə²⁴ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zit$^3$ hei$^3$
*** Yale: jit hei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzit$^8$ hei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jid$^3$ héi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːt̚³ hei̯³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: jiet$^6$ qi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕʰi²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiet-hi
*** Hakka Romanization System: jied$^ˋ$ hi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jiad$^5$ hi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯et̚² hi⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: jieh$^4$ qi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ² t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cáik-ké
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰɛi²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zeh$^6$ ki$^4$ [Phonetic: zeh$^7$ ki$^4$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceh-ki̍
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ kʰi⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zeh$^6$ ki$^4$ [Phonetic: zeh$^7$ ki$^4$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɛʔ²⁻²⁴ kʰi⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choeh-khùi
*** Tâi-lô: tsueh-khuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zoehquix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue(ʔ)⁵ kʰui⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheh-khì
*** Tâi-lô: tseh-khì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zehqix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheh-khùi
*** Tâi-lô: tseh-khuì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zehquix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰui²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiat-khì
*** Tâi-lô: tsiat-khì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciatqix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kʰi²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kʰi²¹/
* choeh-khùi/cheh-khì/cheh-khùi - vernacular;
* chiat-khì - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tset khj+jH
Rime :
| Character | 節 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 屑 (87) | 微 (20) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 子結切 | 去旣切 |
| Baxter | tset | khj+jH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡set̚/ | /kʰɨi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡set̚/ | /kʰɨi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɛt̚/ | /kʰiəi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɛt̚/ | /kʰɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡set̚/ | /kʰiəi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡siet̚/ | /kʰĭəi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡siet̚/ | /kʰe̯i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jie | qì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zit$^3$ | hei$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤik C.qʰəp-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsiːɡ kʰɯds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 節 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jié | qì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tset › | ‹ khjɨj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsˁik/ | /*C.qʰəp-s/ |
| English | joint | cloudy vapors |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 節 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 5713 | 10140 |
| Phonetic component | 即 | 气 |
| Rime group | 質 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 節 | |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsiːɡ/ | /*kʰɯds/ |

### Noun

節氣
* solar term in the Chinese lunar calendar
    Synonym: (Hokkien) 節季 / 节季
* (literary) season and climate
    Synonym: 氣節 / 气节 (qìjié)
* (literary) integrity; moral principles
    Synonyms: 節操 / 节操 (jiécāo), 氣節 / 气节 (qìjié)

#### Derived terms

* 二十四節氣 / 二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 節(せっ)気(き) (sekki)
* → Korean: 절기(節氣) (jeolgi)
* → Vietnamese: tiết khí (節氣)

#### See also

* 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
** Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
** Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
** Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 節 | 氣 |
| せつ > せっ Grade: 4 | き Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 節氣 – see the following entry. :
| 【節気せっき】 | [noun] the solar term in Chinese lunar calendar |
(This term, 節氣, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 節 | 氣 |

### Noun

節氣 • (jeolgi) (hangeul 절기)
* hanja form of 절기 (“solar term in the Chinese lunar calendar”)

### See also

* 이십사절기(二十四節氣) (Isipsajeolgi, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: 입춘(立春) (Ipchun), 우수(雨水) (Usu), 경칩(驚蟄) (Gyeongchip), 춘분(春分) (Chunbun), 청명(淸明) (Cheongmyeong), 곡우(穀雨) (Gogu)
** Summer: 입하(立夏) (Ipha), 소만(小滿) (Soman), 망종(芒種) (Mangjong), 하지(夏至) (Haji), 소서(小暑) (Soseo), 대서(大暑) (Daeseo)
** Autumn: 입추(立秋) (Ipchu), 처서(處暑) (Cheoseo), 백로(白露) (Baengno), 추분(秋分) (Chubun), 한로(寒露) (Hallo), 상강(霜降) (Sanggang)
** Winter: 입동(立冬) (Ipdong), 소설(小雪) (soseol), 대설(大雪) (Daeseol), 동지(冬至) (Dongji), 소한(小寒) (Sohan), 대한(大寒) (Daehan)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 節 | 氣 |

### Noun

節氣
* chữ Hán form of tiết khí (“solar term in the Chinese lunar calendar”).

### See also

* Hai mươi tư tiết khí (𠄩𨒒四節氣, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
** Spring: Lập xuân (立春)、Vũ thủy (雨水)、Kinh trập (驚蟄)、Xuân phân (春分)、Thanh minh (清明)、Cốc vũ (穀雨)
** Summer: Lập hạ (立夏)、Tiểu mãn (小滿)、Mang chủng (芒種)、Hạ chí (夏至)、Tiểu thử (小暑)、Đại thử (大暑)
** Autumn: Lập thu (立秋)、Xử thử (處暑)、Bạch lộ (白露)、Thu phân (秋分)、Hàn lộ (寒露)、Sương giáng (霜降)
** Winter: Lập đông (立冬)、Tiểu tuyết (小雪)、Đại tuyết (大雪)、Đông chí (冬至)、Tiểu hàn (小寒)、Đại hàn (大寒)