# palus
## English
### Etymology 1

From Latin pālus (“stake, post”). Doublet of pole, peel, and pale.

#### Noun

palus (plural pali)
* (marine biology) A vertical pillar along the inner septal margin of a coral.

##### Derived terms

* palar
* paliform

### Etymology 2

From Latin palūs (“marsh, swamp”).

#### Noun

palus (plural paludes)
* (planetology) A small plain (compared to mare) on the surface of a planet or satellite.

### Etymology 3

Latin [Term?]

#### Noun

palus
* (historical) Any of the ranks in the hierarchy of gladiators.

### Anagrams

* A plus, Alsup, pauls, pulas

## Estonian
### Verb

palus
* third-person singular past indicative of paluma

## French
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.lys/

#### Noun

palus m (plural palus)
* Alternative form of palud (“swamp”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.ly/

#### Noun

palus m pl
* plural of palu

### Further reading

* “palus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Kapampangan
### Noun

palus
* black eel
    Synonym: igat

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *palūts, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“pale, gray”), presumably with semantic shift "gray" > "swamp", though this is semantically tenuous. Either way, related to Latvian peļķe (“puddle”), Lithuanian pelkė (“marsh”), Sanskrit पल्वल (palvala, “pool, pond”), and possibly Ancient Greek πηλός (pēlós, “mud, earth, clay”).

#### Alternative forms

* padūlis (late)

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpa.luːs/, [ˈpäɫ̪uːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpa.lus/, [ˈpäːlus]

#### Noun

palūs f (genitive palūdis); third declension
* swamp, marsh, morass, bog, fen, pool

##### Declension

Third-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* palūdester
* palūdicolus
* palūdifer
* palūdigena
* palūdivagus
* palūdōsus
* Palūs Maeōtis
* palūster

##### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: palude
* North Italian:
** Istriot: paloû
** Ladin: paluk, palú
** Lombard: palut
** Piedmontese: palú
** Romansch: palieu, paleu, pale, palukt, palü
** Venetan: palude
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old French: palu
*** French: palud, palus
*** Norman: palu
** Old Gascon: palu
** Old Occitan: palut, palus
* Borrowings:
** → French: palude
** → Portuguese: palude
** → Romanian: paludă
** → Spanish: palude
* ⇒ Translingual: Paludipasser
Reflexes of the late variant padūlis:
* Balkan Romance: (with a semantic shift to "forest")
** Aromanian: pãduri
** Megleno-Romanian: păduri
** Romanian: pădure
** → Proto-Albanian: *pëdyll, *pëýll
*** Albanian: pyll
* Italo-Romance:
** Corsican: padula
** Italian: padule
** Neapolitan: padula
** Sicilian: padula
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: padule, paule, pauli
* North Italian:
** Lombard: padum
** Old Ligurian: paú
*** Ligurian: padú (outside influence?)
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old Catalan: paul
*** Catalan: Paül (toponym)
* Ibero-Romance:
** Mozarabic: *padul
*** → Spanish: Padul, Padules (southern toponyms)
** Old Navarro-Aragonese: padul
** Portuguese: paul
** Spanish: paúl
** → Basque: padura, fadura

#### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “palūs, palūdis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 442
* ↑ “paul” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

#### Further reading

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1985) “paúl”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 436
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “palus, -ūdis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 7: N–Pas, page 530

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos, from *peh₂ǵ- (“to attach, fix”). See related terms.

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpaː.lus/, [ˈpäːɫ̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpa.lus/, [ˈpäːlus]

#### Noun

pālus m (genitive pālī); second declension
* stake, prop, stay, pale, post

##### Declension

Second-declension noun.

##### Synonyms

* (stake): stilus, sudis, tālea, vallus

##### Derived terms

* impālō
* pālāris
* pālātiō
* pālō
* pāxillus
* tripālis

##### Related terms

* paciscor
* pāgina
* pāgus
* pāngō
* pāx
* pignus
* pīla

##### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: par
** Romanian: par
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: palo
** Neapolitan: palo
** Sicilian: palu
* North Italian:
** Friulian: pâl
** Piedmontese: pal
** Romagnol:
    pêl (Ravenna, Cattolica)
    pël (San Marino)
    pél (Lugo)
** Romansch: pal, pêl
** Venetan: pało, pal
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: pal
** Old French: pal
*** Middle French: pieu
**** French: pieu
*** Anglo-Norman: pel
**** → Middle English: peel
***** English: peel ('stake', obsolete)
*** → Middle English: pale
**** English: pale
** Occitan: pal
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: palu
** Old Galician-Portuguese: pao
*** Galician: pau
*** Portuguese: pau (see there for further descendants)
** Spanish: palo
*** Papiamentu: palu
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: palu, pau
* Ancient borrowings:
** → Albanian: pallë
** → Proto-West Germanic: *pālu (see there for further descendants)
* Later borrowings:
** → Dutch: paal
** → English: palus
** → French: pal
** → Polish: pal

#### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pangō, -ere (> Derivatives > pālus 'wooden post, stake, peg')”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 443

#### Further reading

* “palus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “palus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "palus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* palus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to bind to the stake: ad palum deligare (Liv. 2. 5)
* “palus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “palus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin