# irritate
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪɹ.ɪˌteɪt/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin irrītātus, perfect passive participle of irrītō (“excite, irritate, incite, stimulate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).

#### Verb

irritate (third-person singular simple present irritates, present participle irritating, simple past and past participle irritated)
* (transitive) To provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in.
    Synonyms: provoke, rile; see also Thesaurus:annoy
    Antonyms: placate, please, soothe
** 1814, Signor Vestris, La Didone Abbandonata, a Serious Opera, in Two Acts. Altered from Metastasio, by Signor Vestris. As Represented at the King’s Theatre, in the Hay-Market., London: […] J. Gillet, […], page 15:If thou irritatest my lord, there will come to war against thee all the Getulians, Numidians, and Garamantes, Afric contains.
** 1896, Ernest Rénan, translated by Eleanor Grant Vickery, Caliban: A Philosophical Drama Continuing “The Tempest” of William Shakespeare (Publications of The Shakespeare Society of New York; No. 9), New York, N.Y.: The Shakespeare Press; London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd., page 19:Thou scandalizest me and irritatest my nature as much as it possibly can be irritated.
** 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 10:Thanks to that penny he had just spent so recklessly [on a newspaper] he would pass a happy hour, taken, for once, out of his anxious, despondent, miserable self. It irritated him shrewdly to know that these moments of respite from carking care would not be shared with his poor wife, with careworn, troubled Ellen.
* (intransitive) To cause or induce displeasure or irritation.
    Synonyms: abrade, chafe, grate, rankle
* (transitive) To induce pain in (all or part of a body or organism).
    Synonyms: afflict, pang; see also Thesaurus:hurt

##### Related terms

* irritant
* irritation
* irritative
* irritatory

##### Translations
#### See also

* disturb
* exasperate
* peeve

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin irritātus, perfect passive participle of irritō (“to invalidate, render void, annul”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from irritus (“invalid”), the equivalent of in- +‎ ratus (“valid, established, fixed”).

#### Verb

irritate (third-person singular simple present irritates, present participle irritating, simple past and past participle irritated)
* (transitive, obsolete, Scots law) To render null and void.
** c. 1634-1661 John Bramhall, Protestants' Ordination Defended
    Are human laws presently superfluous, so often as they do not irritate or abrogate Divine laws ?
    Synonyms: annul, nullify, invalidate

## Italian
### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

irritate
* feminine plural of irritato

#### Participle

irritate f pl
* feminine plural of irritato

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

irritate
* inflection of irritare:
** second-person plural present indicative
** second-person plural imperative

### Anagrams

* arteriti, atterrii, irretita, ritirate, tiritera, triterai

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ir.riːˈtaː.te/, [ɪrːiːˈt̪äːt̪ɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ir.riˈta.te/, [irːiˈt̪äːt̪e]

### Verb

irrītāte
* second-person plural present active imperative of irrītō

### References

* “irritate”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* irritate in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Spanish
### Verb

irritate
* second-person singular voseo imperative of irritar combined with te