# kama
## English
### Pronunciation

* (US) enPR: kämə, IPA: /kɑmə/
* Rhymes: -ɑːmə

### Etymology 1

From Japanese 鎌 (kama, “sickle, scythe”).

#### Noun

kama (plural kama)
* A sickle-like weapon, originally used as a tool for cutting weeds.

##### See also

* Kama (weapon) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 2

From Sanskrit काम (kā́ma).

#### Noun

kama (uncountable)
* (Hinduism) The act or process of wishing; longing, desire (with or without sexual connotations); one of the goals of life in Hindu tradition.
** 1958, V. Raghavan, “Chapter XII: Kāma, The Third End of Man”, in Stephen N Hay, William Theodore De Bary, editors, Sources of Indian Tradition, volume 2, page 258:The place of kāma or the pursuit of love and pleasure in the balanced Hindu scheme of life derives from the importance attached to the life of the married householder (grhastha).
** 2006, “Indian Erotology”, in Alan Soble, editor, Sex from Plato to Paglia: A Philosophical Encyclopedia, Volume 1: A-L, page 493:Ancient Indian thought divides the principal aims of human existence into dharma (religion, morality, social obligations), artha (economics, politics, power), and kāma (erotic pleasure, sexual interaction, sexual gratification).

##### Derived terms

* kama rupa
* Kama Sutra

##### See also

* preman

### Anagrams

* Maka, maka

## Acehnese
### Noun

kama
* room (part of a building)

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cama.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkama/ [ˈka.ma]
* Hyphenation: ka‧ma

### Noun

káma (Basahan spelling ᜃᜋ)
* bed
    Synonyms: katre, higdaan

## Chichewa
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Portuguese cama.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.má/

#### Noun

kamá class 9 (plural makamá class 6)
* bed
    Synonym: bedi

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-káma.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈka.ma/

#### Verb

-kama (infinitive kukáma)
* to milk

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkama]

### Adverb

kama
* (dialect, Moravia) which way, which direction
    Synonym: (standard Czech) kudy

## Estonian
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

kama (genitive kama, partitive kama)
* kama (traditional Estonian, Finnish and Russian finely milled flour mixture, consisting of roasted barley, rye, oat and pea flour)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

kama (genitive kama, partitive kama)
* (colloquial) stuff, things

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adverb

kama (not comparable)
* (colloquial) Indicates indifference, not caring.
    Kas sooviksite õunu või apelsine? Mul kama kaks.Do you want apples or oranges? I don't care either way.

### Further reading

* kama in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## Finnish
### Etymology

Akin to kampe, kampsut. According to SSA, ultimately of onomatopoeic origin; possibly related to dialectal kamahtaa (“to thump, to thud”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɑmɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝mɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
* Hyphenation: ka‧ma

### Noun

kama
* (colloquial, usually in the plural) stuff (miscellaneous items or objects; personal effects)
    Mitä ovat kaikki nuo kamat makuuhuoneesi lattialla?What is all that stuff on your bedroom floor?
* (slang, in the singular only) product (illegal drugs)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kama (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamani
kamani
accusative
nom.
kamani
kamani
gen.
kamani
genitive
kamani
kamojeni kamaini $^{rare}$
partitive
kamaani
kamojani
inessive
kamassani
kamoissani
elative
kamastani
kamoistani
illative
kamaani
kamoihini
adessive
kamallani
kamoillani
ablative
kamaltani
kamoiltani
allative
kamalleni
kamoilleni
essive
kamanani
kamoinani
translative
kamakseni
kamoikseni
abessive
kamattani
kamoittani
instructive
comitative
—kamoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamasi
kamasi
accusative
nom.
kamasi
kamasi
gen.
kamasi
genitive
kamasi
kamojesi kamaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
kamaasi
kamojasi
inessive
kamassasi
kamoissasi
elative
kamastasi
kamoistasi
illative
kamaasi
kamoihisi
adessive
kamallasi
kamoillasi
ablative
kamaltasi
kamoiltasi
allative
kamallesi
kamoillesi
essive
kamanasi
kamoinasi
translative
kamaksesi
kamoiksesi
abessive
kamattasi
kamoittasi
instructive
comitative
—kamoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamamme
kamamme
accusative
nom.
kamamme
kamamme
gen.
kamamme
genitive
kamamme
kamojemme kamaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
kamaamme
kamojamme
inessive
kamassamme
kamoissamme
elative
kamastamme
kamoistamme
illative
kamaamme
kamoihimme
adessive
kamallamme
kamoillamme
ablative
kamaltamme
kamoiltamme
allative
kamallemme
kamoillemme
essive
kamanamme
kamoinamme
translative
kamaksemme
kamoiksemme
abessive
kamattamme
kamoittamme
instructive
comitative
—kamoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamanne
kamanne
accusative
nom.
kamanne
kamanne
gen.
kamanne
genitive
kamanne
kamojenne kamainne $^{rare}$
partitive
kamaanne
kamojanne
inessive
kamassanne
kamoissanne
elative
kamastanne
kamoistanne
illative
kamaanne
kamoihinne
adessive
kamallanne
kamoillanne
ablative
kamaltanne
kamoiltanne
allative
kamallenne
kamoillenne
essive
kamananne
kamoinanne
translative
kamaksenne
kamoiksenne
abessive
kamattanne
kamoittanne
instructive
comitative
—kamoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
kamansa
kamansa
accusative
nom.
kamansa
kamansa
gen.
kamansa
genitive
kamansa
kamojensa kamainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
kamaansa
kamojaan kamojansa
inessive
kamassaan kamassansa
kamoissaan kamoissansa
elative
kamastaan kamastansa
kamoistaan kamoistansa
illative
kamaansa
kamoihinsa
adessive
kamallaan kamallansa
kamoillaan kamoillansa
ablative
kamaltaan kamaltansa
kamoiltaan kamoiltansa
allative
kamalleen kamallensa
kamoilleen kamoillensa
essive
kamanaan kamanansa
kamoinaan kamoinansa
translative
kamakseen kamaksensa
kamoikseen kamoiksensa
abessive
kamattaan kamattansa
kamoittaan kamoittansa
instructive
comitative
—kamoineen kamoinensa :

#### Synonyms

* (stuff): tavara, roju, rihkama

#### Derived terms

* arvokama
* lällärikama
* museokama
* pintakama

### References

* ↑ Forsberg, Ulla-Maija (2021) Stadin slangin etymologinen sanakirja [Etymological Dictionary of Helsinki Slang]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSES 2021"), Helsinki: Gaudeamus, →ISBN
* ↑ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

### Further reading

* “kama”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Garo
### Verb

kama
* (transitive) to burn

#### Related terms

* soa (intransitive)

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Sanskrit काम (kāma, “love”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈkama/ [ˈka.ma]
* Rhymes: -ama
* Syllabification: ka‧ma

### Noun

kama
* love, especially sexual love or sensuality.
* personification of love or desire as deity.

#### Related terms

* kama loka
* kama sutra

### Further reading

* “kama” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Jamamadí
### Verb

kama
* (Banawá) to come

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Japanese
### Romanization

kama
* Rōmaji transcription of かま

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese cama.

### Noun

kama
* bed

## Kavalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hokkien 柑仔 (kam-á, “tangerine”).

### Noun

kama
* orange; tangerine

## Kituba
### Verb

kama
* to milk

## Lele (Chad)
### Noun

kāmā
* water

### References

* Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
    […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
    (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: […] Lele kāmā [Gowers], […]
* Etudes berbères et chamito-sémitiques: mélanges offerts à Karl-G. Prasse (2000, →ISBN, page 38

## Luba-Kasai
### Verb

kama
* to milk

## Maranao
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

kama
* breastplate

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish cama (“bed”).

#### Noun

kama
* bed, cot

### References

* A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

## Mokilese
### Pronoun

kama
* first person dual exclusive pronoun; the two of us, but not you

#### See also

| singular | first person | first person | ngoah, ngoahi |
| singular | second person | second person | koah, koawoa |
| singular | third person | third person | ih |
| dual | first person inclusive | first person inclusive | kisa |
| dual | first person exclusive | first person exclusive | kama |
| dual | second person | second person | kamwa |
| dual | third person | third person | ara, ira |
| plural | first person inclusive | first person inclusive | kisai |
| plural | first person exclusive | first person exclusive | kamai |
| plural | second person | second person | kamwai |
| plural | third person | third person | arai, irai |
| remote plural | first person inclusive | first person inclusive | kihs |
| remote plural | first person exclusive | first person exclusive | kimi |
| remote plural | second person | second person | kimwi |
| remote plural | third person | third person | ihr |

## Nǀuu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kəmə/

### Conjunction

kama
* when
    Kama ng âi nǁa ng ǀoba ke âi.When I eat, my baby eats.
    Synonym: ǃûu

### Verb

kama
* to be unlucky

### References

* Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kam, from Proto-Tupian *ᵑkam.
Cognate with Paraguayan Guaraní káma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkã.ma/
* Rhymes: -ãma
* Hyphenation: ka‧ma

### Noun

kama (possessable)
* breast (milk-producing organ)
* breast; chest (front of the human thorax)
    Synonym: poti'a
* (of animals) teat; udder

#### Related terms

* kamapûá
* kamasary
* kambeba
* kambora
* kamby
* kambyk

#### Descendants

* Nheengatu: kama

### Further reading

Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “kama”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 213, column 1

## Ontong Java
### Noun

kama
* human
* man
* person

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀓𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* कम (Devanagari script)
* কম (Bengali script)
* කම (Sinhalese script)
* ကမ or ၵမ (Burmese script)
* กม or กะมะ (Thai script)
* ᨠᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* ກມ or ກະມະ (Lao script)
* កម (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑄟 (Chakma script)

### Verb

kama
* second-person singular imperative active of kamati (“to walk”)

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Portuguese cama and Spanish cama and Kabuverdianu kama.

### Noun

kama
* bed

## Rwanda-Rundi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-káma.

### Verb

-káma (infinitive gukáma, perfective -kámye)
* to milk

#### Derived terms

* umukamyi

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

From Japanese 鎌 (kama, “sickle, scythe”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kâma/
* Hyphenation: ka‧ma

#### Noun

kȁma f (Cyrillic spelling ка̏ма)
* kama

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قامه (kama).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kâma/
* Hyphenation: ka‧ma

#### Noun

kȁma f (Cyrillic spelling ка̏ма)
* a kind of dagger

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

From Sanskrit काम (kā́ma).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kâːma/
* Hyphenation: ka‧ma

#### Noun

kȃma m (Cyrillic spelling ка̑ма)
* (Hinduism) one of the four main goals of the material existence

##### Declension
### References

* “kama”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “kama”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “kama”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Shona
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-káma.

### Verb

-kámá (infinitive kukámá)
* to milk

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic كَمَا (kamā).

#### Conjunction

kama
* as
    Synonym: mithili
    Kama ulivyosema. ― As you said.
* if
    Synonym: ikiwa

#### Preposition

kama
* like, as
** 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:[…] lakini alipofika katikati, alisimama ghafla, kama mtu mwenye wasiwasi na shaka juu ya hilo linalompeleka darini kwa baba yake wakati ule. […] but when he reached the middle, he stopped suddenly, like a person worried and doubtful about that which had him going to his father's attic at that time.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-káma.

#### Verb

-kama (infinitive kukama)
* to milk

##### Conjugation

Conjugation of -kama :
| Positive present | -nakama |
| Subjunctive | -kame |
| Negative | -kami |
| Imperative singular | kama |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kukama |
| Negative | kutokama |
Imperatives :
| Singular | kama |
| Plural | kameni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hukama |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -likama |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kukama |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -takama |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -takama |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sikame |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngekama |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singekama |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalikama |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalikama |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mekama |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshakama |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jakama |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kikama |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipokama |
| Consecutive | kakama / positive subject concord + -kakama |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kakame |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cama, from Late Latin cama.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈkama/ [ˈkaː.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -ama
* Syllabification: ka‧ma

### Noun

kama (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋ)
* bed
    Synonyms: higaan, katre

#### Derived terms

* kamang punlaan

### Further reading

* “kama”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* amak, akma, Maka, maka-

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish قامه (kama).

### Noun

kama (definite accusative kamayı, plural kamalar)
* wedge
* dagger

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-kama$^?$
* to brush hair

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.