# brama
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈbɾa.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈbɾa.ma]

### Verb

brama
* inflection of bramar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʁa.ma/
* Homophones: bramas, bramât

### Verb

brama
* third-person singular past historic of bramer

### Anagrams

* ambra

## Galician
### Verb

brama
* inflection of bramar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbra.ma/
* Rhymes: -ama
* Hyphenation: brà‧ma

### Etymology 1

Deverbal from bramare (“to long, yearn for”) +‎ -a.

#### Noun

brama f (plural brame)
* longing, yearning
    Synonyms: cupidigia, fame, sete, voglia
** 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell]‎, lines 49–51; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎, 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:Ed una lupa, che di tutte brame ¶ sembiava carca ne la sua magrezza, ¶ e molte genti fé già viver grame,And a she-wolf, that with all hungerings seemed to be laden in her meagreness, ⁠and many folk has caused to live forlorn!

##### Derived terms

* bramoso

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

brama
* inflection of bramare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* Ambra, ambra, barma

## Javanese
### Romanization

brama
* Romanization of ꦧꦿꦩ

## Ladin
### Etymology

Generally believed to descend from Gaulish *crama, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krama-. Another theory is that it is derived from German Rahm.

### Noun

brama f (uncountable)
* cream (of milk)
    n got de brama ― a glass of cream (Gherdëina)
    sbate la brama ― to whip the cream. (Badiot)
    brama baduta ― whipped cream (Fascian)

#### Alternative forms

* puter (Fascian)

#### References

* ↑ Wörterbuch der Grödner Mundart.- (Schlern-Schriften ; 23) - Arcangjul Lardschneider . Teßmann

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Verb

brama (present tense bramar, past tense brama, past participle brama, passive infinitive bramast, present participle bramande, imperative brama/bram)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of bramma

## Old Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /brama/
* IPA: (15th CE) /brama/

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) First attested in 1471.

#### Noun

brama f
* (attested in Greater Poland, Judaism) phylactery (box used by Jews during prayer, containing passages from the Bible written on parchment)
** 1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490‎, Lubiń, page 5:Fila[c]terium est membranula vel breuicellus, in quo scripta fuerat lex, vt seruaretur, quam antiqui deferebant ante pectus brama[Fila[c]terium est membranula vel breuicellus, in quo scripta fuerat lex, vt seruaretur, quam antiqui deferebant ante pectus brama]
** 1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490‎, Lubiń, page 5:Phila(c)teria sunt membrana phariseorum, in quibus decem precepta erant scripta, bra­my[Phila(c)teria sunt membrana phariseorum, in quibus decem precepta erant scripta, bra­my]
* garter; anklet (ornaments worn by women on their legs or arms)
** 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 88:Polokthy, bramy, pachi *perichelides[Połokty, bramy, pachy *perichelides]
** 1882 [XV p. post.], Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Kleinere altpolnische Texte aus Handschriften des XV. und des Anfangs des XVI. Jahrhunderts‎, page 281:*Perichileydes id est bramy[*Perichileydes id est bramy]

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle High German brem / breme. First attested in c. 1500.

#### Noun

brama f
* (attested in Greater Poland, hapax) fringe (edge of a garment)
** 1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490‎, Lubiń, page 5:Fimbria est extremitas vestis, brąmą; hora etc. quarto significat fimbriam vestimenti, ein sawm, bramą[Fimbria est extremitas vestis, brama; hora etc. quarto significat fimbriam vestimenti, ein sawm, brama]

### References

* Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “brama 2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* K. Nitsch, editor (1954), “brama 2-3”, in Słownik staropolski‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 153
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “2. brama”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “3. brama”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
* Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “1. Brama”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
* Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “2. Brama”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Czech brána, from Proto-Slavic *borna. Doublet of brona (“harrow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbra.ma/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ama
* Syllabification: bra‧ma
* Homophone: Brahma

### Noun

brama f (diminutive bramka)
* gate
    Synonyms: podwoje, wrota
* (Wrocław) stairwell
    Synonym: klatka schodowa

#### Descendants

* → Belarusian: бра́ма (bráma)
* → Ukrainian: бра́ма (bráma)

### References

* ↑ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “brama”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna

### Further reading

* brama in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* brama in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾɐ̃.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾɐ̃.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈbɾɐ.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɾɐ.mɐ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɾɐ.mɐ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈbɾa.mɐ/
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɐmɐ, (Brazil) -ɐ̃mɐ
* Hyphenation: bra‧ma

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

brama
* inflection of bramar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

brama
* inflection of bramir:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɾamə/

### Noun

brama m
* genitive singular of braim (“fart”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɾama/ [ˈbɾa.ma]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ama
* Syllabification: bra‧ma

### Etymology 1

Deverbal of bramar, perhaps from Gothic *𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌼𐍉𐌽 (*bramōn), cognate with Middle Low German brammen, Old High German brëman, and Old English bremman.

#### Noun

brama f (plural bramas)
* (zoology) rut, mating season

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

brama
* inflection of bramar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “brama”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10