# 野

| 野 | U+91CE, &#37326; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CE |
| ← 重 [U+91CD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 量 → [U+91CF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

野 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田土弓戈弓 (WGNIN), four-corner 6712$_2$, composition ⿰里予)

#### Derived characters

* 嘢, 𫽼, 𣼫, 𤡒, 𮡢, 𬫀, 𰁍, 墅, 𤍓, 𧐓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1291, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40133
* Dae Jaweon: page 1793, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3683, character 1
* Unihan data for U+91CE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 野 | *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ |
| 壄 | *laːʔ |
| 序 | *ljaʔ |
| 抒 | *ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ |
| 芧 | *l'aʔ |
| 杼 | *l'aʔ, *ɦljaʔ |
| 墅 | *ɦljaːʔ |
| 舒 | *hlja |
| 紓 | *hlja, *ɦljaʔ |
| 妤 | *la |
| 伃 | *la |
| 予 | *la, *laʔ |
| 預 | *las |
| 忬 | *las |
| 豫 | *las |
| 蕷 | *las |
| 澦 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ): semantic 田 (“field”) + semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).

### Etymology 1

Various etymologies have been proposed:
* From a hypothetical common Sino-Tibetan *la (“area far from settlements; wilderness”): compare Tibetan ལ (la, “mountain pass; hillside; mountainslope”) (Schuessler, 2007);
* Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *laʔ (“to spread, extend”): compare Khmer លា (liə, “to unfold, spread, open out”) (Schuessler, 2007);
* From a Sino-Tibetan root meaning “hut; pantry”: compare Tibetan ལྷས (lhas, “pen; fold; cattle enclosure”) (Starostin).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yě (ye$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ye$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): е (i͡ə, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): je$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yie$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ia$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yâ
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ya$^1$ / ya$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ie$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): iǎ / ià
* Eastern Min (BUC): iā
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ia$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iá
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ia$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$ya / $^6$ya; $^6$ye
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ia$^3$ / ie$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yě
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yě
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^3$
*** Yale: yě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yee
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ye$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ie
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛ⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: е (i͡ə, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /iə⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: je$^5$
*** Yale: yéh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: je$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yé$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛː¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yie$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiɛ²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ia$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ia²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ia$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ya$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯a²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ya$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ya$^1$ / ya$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ia⁴⁴/, /ia³¹/
* Meixian:
** ya1 - vernacular;
** ya3 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit野 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iɛ²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /iɛ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ie¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /iɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /i⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ie⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /iə⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /iɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ie⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ie⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ie⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ie²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /i²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ie⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ie̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ie⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦia²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiɑ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔie̞⁵³/ /ʔi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /i³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ie³⁵/ /ia³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ia²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ie⁴¹/ /ia⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /iɒ⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iɑ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ia⁴⁴/ /ia³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒɑ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɛ²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jɛ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jɛ¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ia⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ia³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ia²¹/ /ia⁴²/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ia⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ze²¹³/ /ia²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: yaeX
Rime :
| Character | 野 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羊者切 |
| Baxter | yaeX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jia$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jia$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ia$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jia$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ia$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭa$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯a$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | je$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lAʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*laːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 野 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yě |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*lAʔ/ |
| English | open country |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 野 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 15722 |
| Phonetic component | 予 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 野 |
| Old Chinese | /*laːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

野
* countryside; field; outskirts; wilderness
* plain; open country; open space
* area; region; boundary
* (among) the people; not in power; out of office
* unadorned; unaffected; simple; plain
* wild; not domesticated; stray
* feral; untamed; unrestrained
* rough; coarse; violent; boorish; rude
* unofficial; informal; illegal
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 下野 (xiàyě)
* 不顧閒野 / 不顾闲野
* 中野 (zhōngyě)
* 九野
* 內野 / 内野 (nèiyě)
* 分野 (fēnyě)
* 勢傾朝野 / 势倾朝野
* 博野縣 / 博野县
* 原野 (yuányě)
* 哀鴻遍野 / 哀鸿遍野 (āihóngbiànyě)
* 四野
* 在野 (zàiyě)
* 在野黨 / 在野党 (zàiyědǎng)
* 坰野
* 堅壁清野 / 坚壁清野 (jiānbìqīngyě)
* 外野 (wàiyě)
* 外野手 (wàiyěshǒu)
* 孤墳野塚 / 孤坟野冢
* 孤雲野鶴 / 孤云野鹤
* 孤魂野鬼 (gūhúnyěguǐ)
* 家雞野雉 / 家鸡野雉
* 家雞野鶩 / 家鸡野鹜
* 屍橫遍野 / 尸横遍野 (shīhéngbiànyě)
* 山肴野蔌
* 山野 (shānyě)
* 巢木居野
* 平野 (píngyě)
* 我行其野
* 打野呵
* 打野外
* 打野火
* 打野盤兒 / 打野盘儿
* 打野胡
* 打野雞 / 打野鸡
* 打野食
* 找野食
* 撒野 (sāyě)
* 攬野火 / 揽野火
* 攻城野戰 / 攻城野战
* 放野
* 放野火
* 放野鵓鴿 / 放野鹁鸽
* 暴骨原野
* 曠野 / 旷野 (kuàngyě)
* 朝野 (cháoyě)
* 朴野
* 村夫野老
* 村居野店
* 村野 (cūnyě)
* 東野巴人 / 东野巴人
* 樸野 / 朴野
* 殺人盈野 / 杀人盈野
* 沃野 (wòyě)
* 沃野千里
* 漫天遍野
* 漫山塞野 (mànshān sè yě)
* 滿山滿野 / 满山满野
* 漫山遍野 (mànshānbiànyě)
* 瀰山遍野 / 弥山遍野
* 牧野 (Mùyě)
* 牧野之戰 / 牧野之战
* 狂野 (kuángyě)
* 狼子野心 (lángzǐyěxīn)
* 田夫野老
* 田野 (tiányě)
* 田野工作 (tiányě gōngzuò)
* 疏野
* 視野 / 视野 (shìyě)
* 稗官野史 (bàiguānyěshǐ)
* 穴居野處 / 穴居野处
* 粗野 (cūyě)
* 綠野 / 绿野
* 綠野仙蹤 / 绿野仙踪
* 胡歌野調 / 胡歌野调
* 艽野
* 荒郊曠野 / 荒郊旷野
* 荒郊草野
* 荒郊野外 (huāngjiāoyěwài)
* 草野 (cǎoyě)
* 荒野 (huāngyě)
* 蔽野
* 討野火 / 讨野火
* 豺狼野心
* 賣野人頭 / 卖野人头
* 走野路
* 越野 (yuèyě)
* 越野賽跑 / 越野赛跑
* 越野車 / 越野车 (yuèyěchē)
* 跑野馬 / 跑野马
* 迥野
* 遍野 (biànyě)
* 郊野 (jiāoyě)
* 鄉野 / 乡野 (xiāngyě)
* 鄉野傳奇 / 乡野传奇
* 鄙野
* 野三關 / 野三关 (Yěsānguān)
* 野丫頭 / 野丫头
* 野乘
* 野人 (yěrén)
* 野人獻曝 / 野人献曝
* 野人獻芹 / 野人献芹
* 野兔 (yětù)
* 野叟曝言
* 野史 (yěshǐ)
* 野合
* 野味 (yěwèi)
* 野唱
* 野地 (yědì)
* 野場子 / 野场子
* 野外 (yěwài)
* 野外求生
* 野孩子
* 野客
* 野宴
* 野宿
* 野小子
* 野店
* 野廬氏 / 野庐氏
* 野心 (yěxīn)
* 野心勃勃 (yěxīnbóbó)
* 野心家 (yěxīnjiā)
* 野心狼
* 野性 (yěxìng)
* 野情
* 野意
* 野意兒 / 野意儿
* 野戰 / 野战 (yězhàn)
* 野戰射擊 / 野战射击
* 野戰裝備 / 野战装备
* 野戰軍 / 野战军 (yězhànjūn)
* 野戰醫院 / 野战医院 (yězhàn yīyuàn)
* 野手選擇 / 野手选择
* 野有死麕
* 野有蔓草
* 野服
* 野柳 (Yěliǔ)
* 野櫻皮 / 野樱皮
* 野毛扁豆
* 野決明 / 野决明
* 野漢子 / 野汉子 (yěhànzi)
* 野火 (yěhuǒ)
* 野炊 (yěchuī)
* 野無遺才 / 野无遗才
* 野無遺賢 / 野无遗贤
* 野燒 / 野烧
* 野營 / 野营 (yěyíng)
* 野牛 (yěniú)
* 野牡丹
* 野犬 (yěquǎn)
* 野狐涎
* 野狐狸
* 野狐禪 / 野狐禅 (yěhúchán)
* 野狠
* 野獲編 / 野获编
* 野獸 / 野兽 (yěshòu)
* 野獵 / 野猎
* 野獸派 / 野兽派 (yěshòupài)
* 野生 (yěshēng)
* 野生動物 / 野生动物 (yěshēng dòngwù)
* 野百合
* 野祭
* 野祭巷哭
* 野種 / 野种 (yězhǒng)
* 野老 (yělǎo)
* 野臺戲 / 野台戏
* 野芋
* 野花 (yěhuā)
* 野芝麻
* 野草 (yěcǎo)
* 野草叢生 / 野草丛生
* 野茨菰
* 野草閒花 / 野草闲花
* 野莩
* 野莧菜 / 野苋菜
* 野菰 (yěgū)
* 野菜 (yěcài)
* 野菊 (yějú)
* 野菇
* 野葬
* 野葛 (yěgé)
* 野薑花 / 野姜花
* 野薔薇 / 野蔷薇
* 野蠶 / 野蚕 (yěcán)
* 野蠻 / 野蛮 (yěmán)
* 野話 / 野话
* 野語 / 野语
* 野調無腔 / 野调无腔
* 野諺 / 野谚
* 野豌豆
* 野豬 / 野猪 (yězhū)
* 野豬林 / 野猪林
* 野貓 / 野猫 (yěmāo)
* 野路子 (yělùzi)
* 野遊 / 野游
* 野雞 / 野鸡 (yějī)
* 野雞巴士 / 野鸡巴士
* 野雞車 / 野鸡车 (yějīchē)
* 野食兒 / 野食儿
* 野餐 (yěcān)
* 野馬 / 野马 (yěmǎ)
* 野鳥 / 野鸟 (yěniǎo)
* 野鴨 / 野鸭 (yěyā)
* 野鴛鴦 / 野鸳鸯
* 野鴿 / 野鸽
* 野鶴 / 野鹤
* 野鶴閒雲 / 野鹤闲云
* 野鼠
* 閒花野草 / 闲花野草
* 閒雲野鶴 / 闲云野鹤
* 閭巷草野 / 闾巷草野
* 頌聲遍野 / 颂声遍野
* 體國經野 / 体国经野
* 鹿野鄉 / 鹿野乡
* 齊東野語 / 齐东野语 (qídōngyěyǔ)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shù (shu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi$^5$ / seoi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shù
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shù
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^4$
*** Yale: shù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seoi$^5$ / seoi$^6$
*** Yale: séuih / seuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soey$^5$ / soey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêu$^5$ / sêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵy̯¹³/, /sɵy̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: dzyoX
Rime :
| Character | 野 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 承與切 |
| Baxter | dzyoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljaʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 野 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 15729 |
| Phonetic component | 予 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 野 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦljaʔ/ |

#### Definitions

野
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 墅 (shù, “field; field hut; detached residence”).

### Etymology 3

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Hokkien 野 (iá) related to 遐 (hiah, “so; that”)? or 誠 / 诚 (chiâⁿ, “very”)?”

#### Pronunciation

* Eastern Min (BUC): iā
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iá
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$ya / $^6$ya; $^6$ye
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iā
*** Sinological IPA : /ia³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iá
*** Tâi-lô: iá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iar
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ia⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ia⁵⁵⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ya
*** MiniDict: ya$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhia
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦia²³/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ya; $^6$ye
*** MiniDict: ya$^去$; yie$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦiɑ²³¹/, /ɦɪ²³¹/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit野 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iɛ²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /iɛ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ie¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iə⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /iɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /i⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ie⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /iə⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /iɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ie⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ie⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ie⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iɛ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ie²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /i²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ie⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ie̞⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ie⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦia²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiɑ³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔie̞⁵³/ /ʔi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /i³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ie³⁵/ /ia³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ia²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ie⁴¹/ /ia⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /iɒ⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iɑ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ia⁴⁴/ /ia³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒɑ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɛ²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jɛ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jɛ¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ia⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ia³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ia²¹/ /ia⁴²/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ia⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ze²¹³/ /ia²¹³/ |

#### Definitions

野
* (literary or Eastern Min, Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien, Wu) very; quite

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 甚, 孔 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 很, 非常, 十分 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 很 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 很, 蠻, 非常 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 挺, 楞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 很, 好 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蠻, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蠻, 稀, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 很 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好, 非常之 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 好, 十分之 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 好 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 好, 非常之, 非常 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 好 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 好 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頂 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 好 |
| Hakka | Changting | 野 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 已, 刮 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 樣 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 好 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋, 盡, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 盡, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 足, 真, 實在 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 好 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 好 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 很 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 好 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 很, 挺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 盡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 野, 真 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 真 |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 野, 萬代 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 真, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 誠, 蓋, 足 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 足, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 真, 誠, 真正 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 過, 好, 非常, 死爸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 好, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 真, 死爸, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 極, 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 但顧 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 但顧, 真 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 好, 蠻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蠻, 窮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蠻, 蒙, 顯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 很, 蠻 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蠻 |

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 野 – see 嘢 (“thing; matter; stuff; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 嘢).

### References

* “野”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04258
* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “野”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 298.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
* Kun: の (no, 野, Jōyō)、いなかや (inakaya, 野)、いやしい (iyashii, 野しい)
* Nanori: とお (tō)、なお (nao)、ひろ (hiro)
As the original form of 墅:
* Go-on: じょ (jo)
* Kan-on: しょ (sho)

#### Compounds

* 野老(トコロ) (tokoro)
* 野木瓜(ムベ) (mube)
* 野羊(ヤギ) (yagi)
* 上野(こうずけ) (Kōzuke)
* 下野(しもつけ) (Shimotsuke)

### Alternative forms

* Kanji in this term
* 野
* の Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
* (old or jinmeiyō form) 埜

### Etymology 1

⟨no$_1$⟩ → /nʷo/ → /no/
From Old Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) の [nóꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [no̞]

#### Noun

野(の) • (no)
* an area, field
    Synonyms: 野原 (nohara), 野っ原 (noppara), 野良 (nora)
* the hidden part of a structure
    Antonym: 化粧 (keshō)

##### Derived terms

* 野(の)宿(じゅく) (nojuku)
* 野(の)点(だて) (nodate)
* 野(の)守(もり) (nomori)
* 野(の)良(ら) (nora)
* 上(うえ)野(の) (Ueno)
* 小(お)野(の) (Ono)

#### Prefix

野(の) • (no-)
* wild
    野(の)兎(うさぎ) ― no usagi ― wild rabbit
* rustic, unsophisticated

##### Derived terms

* 野(ノ)苺(イチゴ) (noichigo)
* 野(の)兎(うさぎ) (nōsagi)
* 野(の)鼠(ねずみ) (nonezumi)
* 野(の)薔薇(ばら) (nobara)

##### Idioms

* 野(の)に置(お)く (no ni oku)

##### Proverbs

* 野(の)暮(く)れ山(やま)暮(く)れ (no kure yama kure)
* 野(の)に伏(ふ)し山(やま)に伏(ふ)す (no ni fushi yama ni fusu)
* 後(あと)は野(の)となれ山(やま)となれ (ato wa no to nare yama to nare)

#### Proper noun

野(の) • (No)
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 野
* や Grade: 2
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 野 (MC yaeX).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) や [yáꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ja̠]

#### Affix

野(や) • (ya)
* field, plain
* natural, pristine
* rough
* bare, open
* extant, scope, sphere
* civil, non-governmental
* (baseball) ground
* Short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke no kuni): Shimotsuke Province

##### Derived terms

* 野(や)外(がい) (yagai)
* 野(や)狐(こ) (yako)
* 野(や)蛮(ばん) (yaban)
* 野(や)党(とう) (yatō)
* 原(げん)野(や) (gen'ya)
* 平(へい)野(や) (heiya)

#### Noun

野(や) • (ya)
* an area, field
    Synonyms: 野原 (nohara), 野っ原 (noppara), 野良 (nora)
* a private or civil matter
    Synonym: 民間 (minkan)

##### Idioms

* 野(や)に遺(い)賢(けん)無(な)し (ya ni iken nashi)
* 野(や)に下(くだ)る (ya ni kudaru)

#### Adjective

野(や) • (ya) $^†$-nari
* (archaic) rustic, unsophisticated

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 野なら | やなら | yanara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 野に$^{[1]}$ 野なり$^{[2]}$ | やに やなり | yani yanari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 野なり | やなり | yanari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 野なる | やなる | yanaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 野なれ | やなれ | yanare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 野なれ | やなれ | yanare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 野ならず | やならず | yanarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 野なれど | やなれど | yanaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 野なれば | やなれば | yanareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 野ならば | やならば | yanaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 野なりき | やなりき | yanariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 野なりけり | やなりけり | yanarikeri |
| Adverbial | 野に | やに | yani |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 埜

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 野 (MC yaeX).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 양〯 (Yale: yǎ) | 양〯 (Yale: yǎ) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄆᆡ〮 (Yale: móy) | 야〯 (Yale: yǎ) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ja̠(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 野 (eumhun 들 야 (deul ya))
* hanja form of 야 (“field; area”)
* hanja form of 야 (“wild; savage; untamed”)

### Compounds

* 광야 (曠野/廣野, gwang'ya)
* 분야 (分野, bunya)
* 시야 (視野, siya)
* 야구 (野球, yagu)
* 야당 (野黨, yadang)
* 야만 (野蠻, yaman)
* 야망 (野望, yamang)
* 야박 (野薄, yabak)
* 야비 (野卑/野鄙, yabi)
* 야성 (野性, yaseong)
* 야심 (野心, yasim)
* 야영 (野營, yayeong)
* 야외 (野外, yaoe)
* 야욕 (野慾, yayok)
* 야인 (野人, yain)
* 야채 (野菜, yachae)
* 임야 (林野, imya)
* 재야 (在野, jaeya)

### Noun

* Hanja in this term
* 野
野 • (ya) (hangeul 야)
* (in news headlines) Short for 野(야)黨(당) (yadang, “(politics) the opposition party”).
    Antonym: 與(여) (yeo, “(politics) the ruling party”)

#### Usage notes

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

#### Derived terms

* 與(여)野(야) (yeoya, “(politics) the opposing parties”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Old Japanese
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *no.
Pronunciation appears to be distinct from の (no$_2$, possessive and case-marker particle).

#### Noun

野 (no$_1$) (kana の)
* an area, field

##### Derived terms

* 野つ鳥 (no$_1$ tu to$_2$ri, pillow word)
* 野守 (no$_1$mori)
* 毛野 (Ke$_1$no$_1$)
* 小野 (wono$_1$)

##### Descendants

* Japanese: 野 (no)

### Etymology 2

The second sense is based on 国学 (kokugaku) scholars' reading of man'yōgana 努, 怒, 弩, etc. as ⟨nu⟩ instead of ⟨no$_1$⟩ before regional differences in Old Japanese terms of were discovered.

#### Noun

野 (nu) (kana ぬ)
* (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) an area, field
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4387:, text here
    知波乃奴乃古乃弖加之波能保保麻例等阿夜爾加奈之美於枳弖他加枳奴Tiba-no$_2$-nu no$_2$ ko$_1$no$_2$te-gasipa no$_2$ popomaredo$_2$ aya ni kanasimi$_1$ oki$_1$te ta ga ki$_1$nu(please add an English translation of this usage example)
* Misspelling of 野 (no$_1$), from the view of an Edo-period scholar of the Man'yōshū and other Old Japanese literature

##### Derived terms

* 毛野 (Ke$_1$nu)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

野: Hán Việt readings: dã (以(dĩ)者(giả)切(thiết))
野: Nôm readings: dã, nhả, rã
* chữ Hán form of dã (“wild; savage”).

#### Compounds

* 野人 (dã nhân/dã nhơn)
* 野球 (dã cầu)
* 野蠻 (dã man)

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).