# 蝮

| 蝮 | U+876E, &#34670; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-876E |
| ← 蝭 [U+876D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蝯 → [U+876F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蝮 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 中戈人日水 (LIOAE), four-corner 5814$_7$, composition ⿰虫复)
* venomous snake, viper

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1091, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33309
* Dae Jaweon: page 1556, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2871, character 3
* Unihan data for U+876E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 蝮
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 愎 | *brɯɡ |
| 鍑 | *puɡs, *puɡ |
| 覆 | *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ |
| 復 | *buɡs, *buɡ |
| 椱 | *buɡs, *buɡ |
| 複 | *buɡs, *puɡ |
| 馥 | *brɯɡ, *buɡ |
| 腹 | *puɡ |
| 輹 | *puɡ, *buɡ |
| 蝮 | *pʰuɡ |
| 蕧 | *pʰuɡ, *buɡ |
| 复 | *buɡ |
| 鰒 | *buɡ |
| 澓 | *buɡ |

### Etymology

Possibly related to 伏 (OC *bɯɡ, “to lie down”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, it may be related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bəw (“insect; snake”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fù (fu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hok$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$foq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fù
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fù
*** Wade–Giles: fu$^4$
*** Yale: fù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
*** Palladius: фу (fu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fuk$^1$
*** Yale: fūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fʊk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
*** Tâi-lô: hok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hog
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hok$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok
*** Sinological IPA : /hokʰ²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$foq
*** MiniDict: foh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$foq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: phjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 蝮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 芳福切 |
| Baxter | phjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰuwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fuk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰuɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蝮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3547 |
| Phonetic component | 复 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蝮 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰuɡ/ |

### Definitions

蝮
* pit viper

### Compounds

* 虺蝮
* 蝮蛇 (fùshé)
* 蝮蛇螫手，壯士解腕 / 蝮蛇螫手，壮士解腕

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* pit viper

#### Readings

* Go-on: ふく (fuku)
* Kan-on: ふく (fuku)
* Kun: まむし (mamushi, 蝮)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 蝮
* はみ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
/pami$_2$/ → /pami/ → /fami/ → /hami/
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō dictionary of 938 CE.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “derivations? also mi$_2$ might be wrong/”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ha̠mʲi]

#### Noun

蝮(はみ) or 蝮(ハミ) • (hami)
* (dated, possibly obsolete) mamushi, pit viper

##### Derived terms

* くちはみ (kuchihami), くちばみ (kuchibami)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 蝮
* まむし Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Compound of 真 (ma, “true”) + 虫 (mushi, “snake”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まむし [màmúshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ma̠mɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

蝮(まむし) or 蝮(マムシ) • (mamushi)
* Synonym of 日本蝮 (Nihon mamushi, “mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii)”)
* (by extension) a pit viper, adder
** 1999 July 22, “フレイム・ヴァイパー [Flame Viper]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
    シュルシュルと素(す)早(ばや)く動(うご)き、口(くち)から火(か)炎(えん)をはくマムシ。
       Shurushuru to subayaku ugoki, kuchi kara kaen o haku mamushi.
       A pit viper that spits fire and slithers swiftly.
* person who is feared by others but gives no harm (Can we verify this sense?)
* Short for 蝮指 (mamushi-yubi, “a finger with a bent first joint; a finger that can be freely bent”).

##### Compounds

* 蝮(マムシ)草(グサ) (mamushigusa, Arisaema serratum)
* 蝮(まむし)丼(どん) (mamushi-don), 蝮(まむし)丼(どんぶり) (mamushi-donburi, alternative name of 鰻丼)
* マムシ属(ぞく) (mamushi-zoku)
* 日(ニ)本(ホン)蝮(マムシ) (Nihon mamushi, “mamushi”, Gloydius blomhoffii)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

蝮 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.