# herd
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /hɜːd/
* (General American) IPA: /hɜɹd/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Homophone: heard
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)d

### Etymology 1

From Middle English herde, heerde, heorde, from Old English hierd, heord (“herd, flock; keeping, care, custody”), from Proto-West Germanic *herdu, from Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ- (“file, row, herd”). Cognate with German Herde, Danish hjord, Swedish hjord. Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian herdhe (“nest”) and Serbo-Croatian krdo.

#### Noun

herd (plural herds)
* A number of domestic animals assembled together under the watch or ownership of a keeper. [from 11th c.]
    a herd of cattle
    a herd of sheep
    a herd of goats
** 1768, Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard:The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea.
* Any collection of animals gathered or travelling in a company. [from 13th c.]
** 2007 March, J. Michael Fay, “Ivory Wars: Last Stand in Zakouma”, in National Geographic, section 47:Zakouma is the last place on Earth where you can see more than a thousand elephants on the move in a single, compact herd.
* (now usually derogatory) A crowd, a mass of people or things; a rabble. [from 15th c.]
** 1681, [John Dryden], Absalom and Achitophel. A Poem. […], 3rd edition, London: […] J[acob] T[onson] and are to be sold by W. Davis […], published 1682, →OCLC, page 15:But far more numerous was the Herd of ſuch, / Who think too little, and who talk too much.
** 1833 June 8, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Table Talk:You can never interest the common herd in the abstract question.
** 2001, Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections:There were herds of leather sofas and enough computers to ensure that no prospective matriculant or visiting parent could enter a room and not see at least one available keyboard, not even in the dining hall or field house.

##### Hyponyms

* (group of elephants): parade

##### Derived terms

* bot herd
* herd behaviour
* herd boar
* herd cats
* herd immunity
* herd instinct
* herdlike
* herd mentality
* herd path
* put the herd on someone
* share herd
* share-herd
* thin the herd
* thundering herd problem

##### Translations

Albanian: tufë (sq) f, grigjë (sq) f
Arabic: قَطِيع m (qaṭīʕ)
Egyptian Arabic: قطيع m (ʔaṭīʕ)
Armenian: երամակ (hy) (eramak) (horses), հոտ (hy) (hot)
Asturian: rebañu m
Azerbaijani: sürü (az)
Bashkir: көтөү (kötöw)
Basque: multzo
Belarusian: ста́да n (stáda), чарада́ f (čaradá), ста́так m (státak), ста́дак m (stádak)
Bulgarian: ста́до (bg) n (stádo), черда́ f (čerdá) (dialectal), чарда́ f (čardá) (dialectal)
Catalan: ramat (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 群 (zh) (qún)
Czech: stádo (cs) n
Danish: hjord c
Dutch: kudde (nl) f
Egyptian: (jdr)
Esperanto: (samspecaj bestoj): grego (eo), brutaro, paŝtataro
Estonian: kari (et)
Finnish: lauma (fi)
French: troupeau (fr) m
Galician: rabaño (gl) m, veceira (gl) f
Georgian: ჯოგი (ǯogi)
German: Herde (de) f
Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 m (wriþus)
Greek: κοπάδι (el) n (kopádi)
Ancient: ἀγέλη f (agélē)
Haitian Creole: troupo, bann bèt
Hebrew: עֵדֶר (he) m ('éder)
Hungarian: csorda (hu)
Irish: tréad
Italian: mandria (it) f, armento (it) m
Japanese: 群れ (ja) (むれ, mure)
Kazakh: табын (tabyn)
Khmer: ហ្វូង (km) (voung), និករ (km) (nikɑɑ), ផូង (km) (phoung), ពពួក (km) (pɔpuək)
Korean: 무리 (ko) (muri), 떼 (ko) (tte), 군(群) (ko) (gun)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: naxir (ku), kerî (ku) m, celeb (ku) m
Kyrgyz: үйүр (ky) (üyür)
Lao: ຝູງ (fūng)
Latin: grex (la) m, agmen (la) n
Latvian: ganāmpulks m
Macedonian: ста́до n (stádo)
Manchu: ᠠᡩᡠᠨ (adun)
Maore Comorian: ɓangwe class 5/6
Maori: kāhui, māpu, rāngai, rāhui, whakataka, kāhui, rāhui, rāngai
Middle English: herde
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: сүрэг (mn) (süreg)
Ngazidja Comorian: ndzizi class 5/6
Norman: fliotchet m
Norwegian:
Bokmål: hjord (no) m
Occitan: ramat (oc) m
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: стадо n (stado), чрѣда f (črěda)
Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⰰⰴⱁ n (stado)
Old East Slavic: стадо n (stado), череда f (čereda)
Old Norse: hjǫrð f
Ossetian: дзуг (ʒug)
Ottoman Turkish: خرگله (hergele) (of wild equids)
Persian: گله (fa) (gale), رمه (fa) (rame)
Plautdietsch: Häad f
Polish: stado (pl) n, trzoda (pl) f
Portuguese: rebanho (pt) m
Romanian: cireadă (ro) f, cârd (ro) n, ciopor (ro) n, turmă (ro) f
Russian: ста́до (ru) n (stádo), табу́н (ru) m (tabún) (horses)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ста̏до n, чре́до f, чре́да f (obsolete)
Roman: stȁdo (sh) n, črédo (sh) f, čréda f (obsolete)
Slovak: stádo n, črieda f
Slovene: čreda (sl) f, stado n (dated)
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: stadło n
Upper Sorbian: stadło n
Spanish: rebaño (es) m
Swahili: kundi (sw) class 5/6
Swedish: hjord (sv) c
Tajik: гала (gala), рама (rama), пода (poda)
Tatar: көтү (tt) (kötü)
Thai: ฝูง (th) (fǔung)
Turkish: sürü (tr)
Ukrainian: ста́до n (stádo), череда́ f (čeredá), ота́ра f (otára), ту́рма f (túrma)
Uyghur: پادا (pada)
Uzbek: poda (uz)
Vietnamese: đàn (vi), bầy (vi)
Yiddish: טשערעדע f (tsherede) :
Albanian: tufë (sq) f, kope (sq) f, grigjë (sq) f
Amharic: መንጋ (mänga)
Arabic: قَطِيع m (qaṭīʕ)
Armenian: երամակ (hy) (eramak) (horses)
Azerbaijani: sürü (az)
Bashkir: көтөү (kötöw), өйөр (öyör)
Basque: please add this translation if you can
Belarusian: ста́так m (státak), чарада́ f (čaradá), гурт m (hurt), ста́да n (stáda), табу́н m (tabún)
Bengali: পশুপালক (bn) (pośupalok), গোকুল (bn) (gōkul)
Bulgarian: ста́до (bg) n (stádo), (horses) табу́н (bg) m (tabún)
Burmese: သိုးအုပ် (my) (sui:up)
Catalan: ramat (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 獸群 / 兽群 (shòuqún), 群 (zh) (qún)
Coptic: ⲁⲅⲉⲗⲏ (agelē)
Czech: stádo (cs) n
Danish: hjord c, flok (da) c
Dutch: kudde (nl) f
Egyptian: (jdr)
Esperanto: aro, bestaro
Estonian: kari (et), parv (wild; numerous; winged)
Finnish: lauma (fi)
French: troupeau (fr)
Galician: grea (gl) f, fato (gl) m, manda (gl) f
Gallurese: armentu
Georgian: ჯოგი (ǯogi)
German: Herde (de) f
Greek: (domestic:) κοπάδι (el) n (kopádi), (wild:) αγέλη (el) f (agéli)
Ancient: ἀγέλη f (agélē)
Hebrew: (domestic:) עֵדֶר (he) m ('éder), (wild:) לַהֲקָה (he) f (lahaká)
Hindi: झुंड (hi) m (jhuṇḍ), गल्ला (hi) m (gallā)
Hungarian: csorda (hu)
Icelandic: hjörð (is) f, (horses) stóð n
Indonesian: kawanan (id)
Italian: mandria (it), branco (it), armento (it) m, masseria (it)
Japanese: 群れ (ja) (むれ, mure), 群 (ja) (ぐん, gun)
Kazakh: табын (tabyn)
Khmer: ផូង (km) (phoung), ពពួក (km) (pɔpuək), ហ្វូង (km) (voung)
Korean: 군중 (ko) (gunjung), 무리 (ko) (muri)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: please add this translation if you can
Kyrgyz: үйүр (ky) (üyür)
Lao: ຝູງ (fūng), ຫມູ່ (mū), ຍູຖະ (nyū tha)
Latin: armentum n, grex (la) m, agmen (la) n
Latvian: ganāmpulks m
Lithuanian: kaimenė f
Luxembourgish: Häerd f
Macedonian: ста́до n (stádo)
Malay: kawanan (ms), sekawanan
Maori: whakataka, kāhui, rāhui, rāngai
Middle English: herde
Mongolian: сүрэг (mn) (süreg)
Norman: fliotchet m
Norwegian:
Bokmål: flokk (no) m, bøling (no) m
Old English: heord f
Pashto: رمه (ps) f (ramá)
Persian: رمه (fa) (rame), گله (fa) (galle), فسیله (fa) (fasile)
Polish: stado (pl) n
Portuguese: manada (pt) f
Romanian: turmă (ro), cârd (ro)
Russian: ста́до (ru) n (stádo), гурт (ru) m (gurt), (horses) табу́н (ru) m (tabún)
Rutul: нехир (neꭓir)
Sardinian:
Campidanese: masoni
Logudorese: armentu, gama, masòne
Sassarese: masoni
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: стадо n, крдо n
Roman: stado (sh) n, krdo (sh) n
Slovak: stádo n
Slovene: čreda (sl)
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: stadło n
Spanish: hato (es) m, rebaño (es) m, manada (es) f
Swedish: hjord (sv) c
Tajik: рама (rama), гала (gala), пода (poda)
Tatar: көтү (tt) (kötü)
Thai: หมู่ (th) (mùu), ฝูง (th) (fǔung)
Tibetan: ཁྱུ (khyu)
Turkish: sürü (tr)
Turkmen: süri
Tuvan: кодан (kodan), сүрүг (sürüg)
Ukrainian: ста́до n (stádo), череда́ f (čeredá), гурт m (hurt), (horses) табу́н m (tabún)
Urdu: گله m (galla)
Uyghur: پادا (pada)
Uzbek: poda (uz), gala (uz)
Vietnamese: bầy (vi), đàn (vi)
Volapük: jep (vo), (in the Alps) lalpajep
Yiddish: סטאַדע (stade) :

#### Verb

herd (third-person singular simple present herds, present participle herding, simple past and past participle herded)
* (intransitive) To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in company.
    Sheep herd on many hills.
** 1953, Janice Holt Giles, The Kentuckians:The women bunched up in little droves and let their tongues clack, and the men herded together and passed a jug around and, to tell the truth, let their tongues clack too.
** 1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 167:Any predator that preys on animals that herd or school, has to be able to single out one individual to attack.
* (transitive) To unite or associate in a herd
* (transitive) To manage, care for or guard a herd
    He is employed to herd the goats.
* (intransitive) To associate; to ally oneself with, or place oneself among, a group or company.
** 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act III, scene i, pages 39–40:I’ll herd among his Friends, and ſeem One of the Number, […]
** 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:"[W]hy, I say, oh stranger, dost thou think that I herd here with barbarians lower than the beasts?"
* To move, or be moved, in a group. (of both animals and people)
    On alighting at the station, we were all herded over the footbridge and through a side exit.

##### Derived terms

* herd together

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English herde, from Old English hirde, hierde, from Proto-West Germanic *hirdī, from Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz. Cognate with German Hirte, Swedish herde, Danish hyrde.

#### Noun

herd (plural herds)
* (now rare) Someone who keeps a group of domestic animals.
    Synonyms: herder, herdsman
** 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:John Dodds, the herd who bode in the place, was standing at the door, and he looked to see who was on the road so late.
** 2000, Alasdair Grey, The Book of Prefaces, Bloomsbury, published 2002, page 38:Any talent which gives a good new thing to others is a miracle, but commentators have thought it extra miraculous that England's first known poet was an illiterate herd.

##### Derived terms

* bearherd
* cowherd
* goatherd
* gooseherd
* Hird
* hogherd
* horseherd
* Hurd
* neatherd
* oxherd
* pigherd
* swanherd
* swineherd
* VAXherd

##### Related terms

* cowherd
* goatherd
* gosherd
* hogsherd
* horseherd
* neatherd
* shepherd
* swineherd

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

herd (third-person singular simple present herds, present participle herding, simple past and past participle herded)
* (intransitive, Scotland) To act as a herdsman or a shepherd.
* (transitive) To form or put into a herd.
* (transitive) To move or drive a herd.
    I heard the herd of cattle being herded home from a long way away.

##### Translations
### See also

* Appendix:English collective nouns
* drove
* gather
* muster
* round up
* ride herd on

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

herd
* Alternative form of herde (“herd”)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

herd
* Alternative form of herde (“herder”)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

herd
* Alternative form of hird (“household”)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Verb

herd
* imperative of herde

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse herðr.

#### Alternative forms

* hær, hør

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hæːr/

#### Noun

herd f (definite singular herda, indefinite plural herdar or herder, definite plural herdane or herdene)
* shoulder
    Synonyms: skulder, aksel

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* herda

#### Participle

herd (neuter herdt, definite singular and plural herde)
* past participle of herde

### References

* “herd” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* Ivar Aasen (1850) “Hær”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog‎ (in Danish), Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *herþ.

### Noun

herd m
* hearth

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: hert
** Cimbrian: hèart
** German: Herd
** Luxembourgish: Häerd