# אדם
## Aramaic
### Alternative forms

* ܐܕܡ

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔɑdɑm/

### Proper noun

אדם • (adám)
* (biblical) Adam.
* a male given name

#### Descendants

* Classical Syriac: ܐܳܕܳܡ, ܐܖܡ
** → Malayalam: ആദാം (ādāṁ), ആദം (ādaṁ) — Islam

## Hebrew
### Etymology 1

Comparable to Phoenician 𐤀𐤃𐤌 (ʾdm, “man, earthling”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎄𐎎 (ảdm, “man; red earth, red ochre”), Old South Arabian 𐩱𐩵𐩣 (ʾdm, “vassals, subjects”), Ge'ez ዶም (dom, “slave”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒄠𒈬 (a-da-am-mu /⁠adamu⁠/, “blood”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈠𒌈 (a-da-ma-tum /⁠adamātu⁠/, “dark red earth or dye”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (a-da-mu /⁠adamu⁠/, “a red garment”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (a-da-mu /⁠adamu⁠/, “an important or noble person”).
The meaning range points to these words are extensions from Proto-Semitic *dam- (“blood”), compare the Palestinian Aramaic forms of it אדם / אידם / ܐܕܡ (ʾəḏem, “blood”).
The semantic development could be any of the following:
* “blood” → “red earth”, “red ochre” → “earthling”;
* “blood” → “man”, as blood is a main ingredient of humans;
* “blood” → “red earth”, “red ochre” → “the dye to paint idols” → hence “an idol” → “an effigy, a likeness” → “a man”;
* “blood” → “blood sacrifice to appease an idol” → hence “an idol” → “an effigy, a likeness” → “a man”;
* “blood” → “red” → “to show red blood in the face, e.g. to blush” → “a human”.
Compare Arabic دُمْيَة (dumya, “statue, idol; effigy, likeness; doll, puppet”), دَمَّ (damma, “to bedaub”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Biblical Hebrew) IPA: /ʔaˈda.mi/ → /ʔaˈdaː.mi/ → /ʔaˈdaːm/ → /ʔaːˈdaːm/
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /ʔɔːˈðɔːm/ [ʔɔːˈðɔːm]
* (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA: /ʔɔˈðɔm/ [ʔɔːˈðɔːm]
* (Persian Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)ɒˈdɒm/
* (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)aˈdam/
* (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)ɔˈdɔm/
* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)aˈdam/
** Audio:(file)
** Rhymes: -am

#### Noun

אָדָם • (adám) m [pattern: קָטָל]
* man, human
    אָדָם לְאָדָם זְאֵב ― adám l'adám z'év ― Man is a wolf to man. (cf. homō hominī lupus)

##### Usage notes

For plural, בני אדם (b'né adám) or אנשים (anashím) can be used.

##### Synonyms

* אִישׁ ('ish), בֶּן־אָדָם (ben-adám), בֶּן־אֱנוֹשׁ (ben-enósh), בֶּן־תְּמוּתָה

##### Derived terms

* אָדָם לְאָדָם זְאֵב
* בשלושה דברים אדם ניכר: בכוסו, בכיסו, ובכעסו (bishloshá d'varím adám nikár: b'khosó, b'khisó, uv'kha`asó)
* זְכוּת אָדָם (z'khút-adám)
* מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי אָדָם

##### Descendants

* → Ancient Greek: Ᾱ̓δᾱ́μ (Ādā́m), Ἄδαμος (Ádamos)
** Greek: Αδάμ m (Adám)
** → Gothic: 𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌼 (adam)
** → Latin: Ādām m (see there for further descendants)
* → Arabic: آدَم (ʔādam) (see there for further descendants)
* → Aramaic: אָדָם, ܐܳܕܳܡ (ʾāḏām)
** Classical Syriac: ܐܳܕܳܡ, ܐܖܡ
*** → Malayalam: ആദാം (ādāṁ), ആദം (ādaṁ) — Islam
* → Ge'ez: አዳም (ʾädam)

#### Proper noun

אָדָם • (adám) m
* a male given name, equivalent to English Adam
* (Abrahamism, religion) Adam (the first man and the progenitor of the human race)

##### Derived terms

* בֶּן־אָדָם (ben-adám)

#### References

* “dm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* H120 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

אָדֹם • (adóm) (feminine אֲדֻמָּה, masculine plural אֲדֻמִּים, feminine plural אֲדֻמּוֹת)
* defective spelling of אדום (adóm, “red”).

#### Noun

אֹדֶם • (ódem) m
* defective spelling of אודם (ódem, “redness”).

### Anagrams

* מאד