# able
## English
### Alternative forms

* (obsolete) hable

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈeɪbl̩/, [ˈeɪ̯.bɫ̩]
* (General American) IPA: /ˈeɪb(ə)l/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* (L-Vocalisation) IPA: [ˈeɪ̯.bw]
* Homophone: Abel
* Rhymes: -eɪbəl

### Etymology 1

From Middle English able, from Old Northern French able, variant of Old French abile, habile, from Latin habilis (“easily managed, held, or handled; apt; skillful”), from habeō (“have, possess”) +‎ -ibilis.
Broadly ousted the native Old English magan.

#### Adjective

able (comparative abler, superlative ablest)
* Having the necessary powers or the needed resources to accomplish a task. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]
    She is able to lift the box without assistance.
* Free from constraints preventing completion of task; permitted to; not prevented from. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]
    In a democratic world you'd be able to say what you thought wherever you were.
    I'll see you as soon as I'm able.
    With that obstacle removed, I am now able to proceed with my plan.
* Gifted with skill, intelligence, knowledge, or competence. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
    The chairman was also an able sailor.
** 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Youth and Age. XLII.”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC, pages 247–248:Natures that haue much Heat, and great and violent deſires and Perturbations, are not ripe for Action, till they haue paſſed the Meridian of their yeares: As it was with Iulius Cæſar, and Septimius Seuerus. […] And yet he [Septimus Severus] was the Ableſt Emperour, almoſt, of all the Liſt.
** 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXVII, page 57:Urania speaks with darken’d brow: ⁠‘Thou pratest here where thou art least; ⁠This faith has many a purer priest, And many an abler voice than thou: […] ’
* (law) Legally qualified or competent. [First attested in the early 18th century.]
    He is able to practice law in six states.
* (nautical) Capable of performing all the requisite duties; as an able seaman. [First attested in the late 18th century.]
* (obsolete, dialectal) Having the physical strength; robust; healthy. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]
    After the past week of forced marches, only half the men are fully able.
* (obsolete) Easy to use. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 18th century.]
** 1710, Thomas Betterton, The life of Mr. Thomas Betterton, the late eminent tragedian.:As the hands are the most habil parts of the body...
* (obsolete) Suitable; competent. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the late 18th century.]
** 2006, Jon L. Wakelyn, America's Founding Charters: Primary Documents of Colonial and Revolutionary Era Governance, volume 1, Greenwood Publishing Group, page 212:[…] and for every able man servant that he or she shall carry or send armed and provided as aforesaid, ninety acres of land of like measure.
* (obsolete, dialectal) Liable to. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]
* (obsolete) Rich; well-to-do. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the late 19th century.]
    He was born to an able family.

##### Usage notes

* In standard English, one is "able to do something". In some older texts representing various dialects, particularly Irish English, or black speech, "able for do something" is found instead, and in some Caribbean dialects "able with" is sometimes found.

##### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:skillful

##### Derived terms

* ability
* able-bodied
* able-bodism
* able-bodyism
* able-bodyist
* ableism
* ableist
* able-minded
* ablenationalism
* ablenationalist
* ableness
* ablenormative
* ablenormativity
* able rating
* able seaman
* ablesplain
* able whackets
* ablings
* ably
* aiblins
* be able (to)
* differently able
* disability
* disable
* disabled
* disablism
* enable
* inable
* reablement
* transableism
* unable

##### Related terms

* -able, -ible

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English ablen, from Middle English able (adjective).

#### Verb

able (third-person singular simple present ables, present participle abling, simple past and past participle abled)
* (transitive, obsolete) To make ready. [Attested from around (1150 to 1350) until the late 16th century.]
* (transitive, obsolete) To make capable; to enable. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the late 19th century.]
* (transitive, obsolete) To dress. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the late 15th century.]
* (transitive, obsolete) To give power to; to reinforce; to confirm. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 17th century.]
* (transitive, obsolete) To vouch for; to guarantee. [Attested from the late 16th century until the early 17th century.]
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:None does offend, none....I’ll able ’em.

##### Derived terms

* abled

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From the first letter of the word. Suggested in the 1916 United States Army Signal Book to distinguish the letter when communicating via telephone, and later adopted in other radio and telephone signal standards.

#### Noun

able (uncountable)
* (military) The letter "A" in Navy Phonetic Alphabet.

### References

* Most glosses: Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “able”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 5.
* ↑ Joseph Wright, editor (1898), “ABLE”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume I (A–C), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC.
* ↑ Richard Allsopp, Jeannette Allsopp, Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage (2003), entry "able"
* ↑ Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN), page 4
* ↑ United States Army (1916) Signal Book‎, Conventional telephone signals, page 33

### Anagrams

* Abel, Bale, Beal, Blea, Ebla, Elba, albe, bael, bale, beal, blea

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

able m (plural ables)
* a vernacular name of the common bleak (usually called ablette)
* a vernacular name of the sunbleak or moderlieschen, also called able de Heckel
* (rare) a vernacular name of any of some other related fishes in the genus Alburnus (Cyprinidae)

### Further reading

* “able”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* Abel, Bâle, béal, bêla

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* hable

### Etymology

From Old French able, habile, from Latin habilis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːbəl/

### Adjective

able
* capable, expert, qualified, skilful, competent.

#### Descendants

* English: able
* Scots: able, abel, awbel, yible
* → Welsh: abl

#### References

* “āble, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* abile
* abille
* habile

### Etymology

From Latin habilis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈablə/

### Adjective

able m (oblique and nominative feminine singular able)
* able; capable

#### Descendants

* French: habile
** → Romanian: abil
* → Middle Dutch: abel
** Dutch: abel
* → Middle English: able, habil
** English: able, habile
*** → Welsh: abl

## Scots
### Etymology 1

From Middle English able, from Old French able, habile, from Latin habilis.

#### Alternative forms

* abel, awbel, yible

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ebl/
* (Southern Scots) IPA: /jɪbl/
* (Northern Scots) IPA: /ɑːbl/

#### Adjective

able (superlative ablest)
* (obsolete) well-to-do, rich
* substantial
* physically fit, strong
* shrewd, cute, clever

##### References

* “able, adj.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

able
* Alternative form of aible (“perhaps”)

##### References

* “able, adv.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.