# 甥

| 甥 | U+7525, &#29989; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7525 |
| ← 甤 [U+7524] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 甦 → [U+7526] |

## Translingual
### Han character

甥 (Kangxi radical 100, 生+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹一田大尸 (HMWKS), four-corner 2612$_7$, composition ⿰生男)
* sister's child, sororal niece or nephew

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 755, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21689
* Dae Jaweon: page 1165, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2578, character 5
* Unihan data for U+7525

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 甥 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ (“sister”), related by Coblin (1986) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”).
Cognate with Tibetan སྲིང་མོ (sring mo), Kinnauri riŋz, Jangshung śiŋ, Chinese 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “life, birth”) and 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shēng (sheng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saang$^1$ / sang$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sâng / sên
    (Hailu, HRS): sang$^ˋ$ / sen$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sên$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĕng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sng / seng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$san; $^1$sen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
*** Wade–Giles: shêng$^1$
*** Yale: shēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
*** Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saang$^1$ / sang$^1$
*** Yale: sāang / sāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saang$^1$ / sang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sang$^1$ / seng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâng / sên
*** Hakka Romanization System: sang$^ˊ$ / sen$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sang$^1$ / sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /saŋ²⁴/, /sen²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sang$^ˋ$ / sen$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /saŋ⁵³/, /sen⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sên$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: seng$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɛŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
*** Tâi-lô: sng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
*** Tâi-lô: sing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seng
*** Sinological IPA : /seŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$san; $^1$sen
*** MiniDict: san$^平$; sen$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$san; $^1$sen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sã⁵³/, /sən⁵³/
* 1san - vernacular;
* 1sen - literary.
* Middle Chinese: sraeng
Rime :
| Character | 甥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 所庚切 |
| Baxter | sraeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sang$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.reŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sreŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 甥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shēng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sræng › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.reŋ/ |
| English | SiSo or SiDa; DaHu |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 甥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11315 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 生 |
| Old Chinese | /*sreŋ/ |

### Definitions

甥
* sororal niece or sororal nephew
* (obsolete) son-in-law

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 甥 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 外甥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 外甥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 外甥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 外甥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 外甥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 外甥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 外甥兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 外甥子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 外甥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 外甥娃 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 外甥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 外甥子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 外甥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 外姪, 外姪兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 外甥, 外外 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 外甥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 外甥子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 外甥子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 外甥子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 外甥, 外甥仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 外甥仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 甥子 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 甥子 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 外甥, 外甥哥 used by men |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 外甥 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 外甥 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 外甥 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 外甥 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 外甥 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 外甥 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 外甥 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 外甥仔 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 外甥 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 外甥 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 外甥 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 外甥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 外甥仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 外甥仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 外甥仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 外甥 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 外甥仔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 外甥 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 外甥 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 外甥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 外甥, 外甥子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 外甥子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 外甥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 外甥仔 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 外甥仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 外甥仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 外甥仔, 孫仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 外甥仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 外甥仔 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 外甥, 孫 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 外甥 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 外甥 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 甥子 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 外甥 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 外甥 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 外甥 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 外甥 |
| Wu | Danyang | 外甥 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 外甥 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 外甥頑 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 外甥, 外甥兒 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 外甥 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 外甥, 外甥子, 外姪, 外姪伢子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 外甥, 外甥伢唧 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 外甥 |

#### See also

* 姪／侄 (zhí)

#### Compounds

* 外甥 (wàishēng)
* 外甥女
* 姨甥 (yíshēng)
* 甥女 (shēngnǚ)
* 甥館 / 甥馆
* 舅甥
* 表甥

### References

* “甥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “甥”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 209.
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “甥”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 265.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: せい (sei)
* Kun: おい (oi, 甥)、むこ (muko)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 甥
* おい Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *wopUi.
Attested in the Ryūnoshūge of 868 with the phonetic spelling 俗備 (⟨wopi$_2$⟩).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おい [òí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [o̞i]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

甥(おい) • (oi)
* nephew

#### Antonyms

* 姪(めい) (mei)

### References

* ↑ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 839
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰɛŋ] ~ [sʰe̞ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [생/셍]

### Hanja

Wikisource 甥 (eumhun 생질 생 (saengjil saeng))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.