# 銘

| 銘 | U+9298, &#37528; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9298 |
| ← 銗 [U+9297] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 銙 → [U+9299] |

## Translingual
### Han character

銘 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 金弓戈口 (CNIR), four-corner 8716$_0$, composition ⿰釒名)

#### Descendants

* 铭

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1305, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40385
* Dae Jaweon: page 1807, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4200, character 10
* Unihan data for U+9298

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 銘 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 名 | *meŋ |
| 洺 | *meŋ |
| 眳 | *meŋʔ, *meːŋʔ |
| 詺 | *meŋs |
| 銘 | *meːŋ |
| 茗 | *meːŋʔ |
| 酩 | *meːŋʔ |
| 姳 | *meːŋʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *meːŋ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 名 (OC *meŋ, “name”) – to engrave in metal.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): míng (ming$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mén / mìn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mên$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): mìng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: míng
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$
*** Yale: míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming
*** Palladius: мин (min)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
*** Yale: mìhng / míhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^4$ / ming$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ²¹/, /mɪŋ¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mén / mìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: men$^ˋ$ / min$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: men$^3$ / min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /men³¹/, /min¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mên$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mɛn¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mìng
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ming$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: míng
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng
*** Tâi-lô: bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mêng
*** Sinological IPA : /meŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: meng
Rime :
| Character | 銘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 莫經切 |
| Baxter | meng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /meŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /meŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /meŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | míng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ming$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*meːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 銘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | míng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ meng › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁeŋ/ |
| English | inscription |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 銘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9182 |
| Phonetic component | 名 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 冥 |
| Old Chinese | /*meːŋ/ |

### Definitions

銘
* inscription
    墓誌銘／墓志铭 ― mùzhìmíng ― epitaph
    座右銘／座右铭 ― zuòyòumíng ― motto
* to inscribe; to engrave
    銘記／铭记 ― míngjì ― to always remember
    刻骨銘心／刻骨铭心 ― kègǔmíngxīn ― unforgettable; etched in one's memory

### Compounds

* 刻骨銘心 / 刻骨铭心 (kègǔmíngxīn)
* 功銘鼎彝
* 勒銘 / 勒铭
* 埋銘 / 埋铭
* 墓誌銘 / 墓志铭 (mùzhìmíng)
* 座右銘 / 座右铭 (zuòyòumíng)
* 旌銘 / 旌铭
* 燕然山銘 / 燕然山铭
* 瘞鶴銘 / 瘗鹤铭
* 硯銘 / 砚铭
* 碑銘 / 碑铭 (bēimíng)
* 西銘 / 西铭
* 銘佩 / 铭佩
* 銘傳 / 铭传
* 銘傳商專 / 铭传商专
* 銘傳大學 / 铭传大学
* 銘刻 / 铭刻 (míngkè)
* 銘心 / 铭心 (míngxīn)
* 銘心刻骨 / 铭心刻骨
* 銘心鏤骨 / 铭心镂骨
* 銘感 / 铭感
* 銘感五內 / 铭感五内
* 銘文 / 铭文 (míngwén)
* 銘旌 / 铭旌 (míngjīng)
* 銘牌 / 铭牌 (míngpái)
* 銘篆 / 铭篆
* 銘肌鏤骨 / 铭肌镂骨
* 銘言 / 铭言
* 銘記 / 铭记 (míngjì)
* 銘記在心 / 铭记在心
* 銘謝 / 铭谢
* 銘謝惠顧 / 铭谢惠顾
* 銘骨 / 铭骨
* 鏤骨銘心 / 镂骨铭心
* 鏤骨銘肌 / 镂骨铭肌
* 鐫心銘骨 / 镌心铭骨
* 陋室銘 / 陋室铭

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “铭”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 159.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* inscription

#### Readings

* Go-on: みょう (myō)
* Kan-on: めい (mei, Jōyō)
* Kun: しるす (shirusu, 銘す)
* Nanori: たか (taka)、み (mi)、め (me)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 銘
* めい Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 銘 / 铭 (meng, “inscription”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) めー [méꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [me̞ː]

### Noun

銘(めい) • (mei)
* inscription

#### Derived terms

* 無銘(むめい) (mumei)
* 太刀銘(たちめい) (tachimei)
* 刀銘(かたなめい) (katanamei)
* 刀銘(とうめい) (tōmei)
* 表銘(おもてめい) (omotemei)
* 裏銘(うらめい) (uramei)
* 二字銘(にじめい) (nijimei): (swords) an inscription of two characters
* 長銘(ながめい) (nagamei), 長銘(ちょうめい) (chōmei): (swords) an inscription that includes some personal details about the swordsmith
* 受領銘(ずりょうめい) (zuryōmei)
* 折(お)り返(かえ)し銘(めい) (orikaeshimei)
* 額銘(がくめい) (gakumei): (swords) an inscription where a blade is shortened and a rectangular metal piece bearing the original inscription is cut out from the removed portion and embedded in the new tang
* 朱銘(しゅめい) (shumei)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

銘 (eumhun 새길 명 (saegil myeong))
* hanja form of 명 (“inscribe, engrave”)
* hanja form of 명 (“unforgettably”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

銘: Hán Nôm readings: minh, triệu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation