# 呵

| 呵 | U+5475, &#21621; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5475 |
| ← 呴 [U+5474] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 呶 → [U+5476] |

## Translingual
### Han character

呵 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口一弓口 (RMNR), four-corner 6102$_0$, composition ⿰口可)

#### Derived characters

* 𦱕, 𭊀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 183, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3459
* Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 598, character 10
* Unihan data for U+5475

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
| 柯 | *kaːl |
| 菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
| 牁 | *kaːl |
| 滒 | *kaːl |
| 哥 | *kaːl |
| 歌 | *kaːl |
| 謌 | *kaːl |
| 鴚 | *kaːl |
| 哿 | *kaːlʔ |
| 舸 | *kaːlʔ |
| 笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
| 軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 珂 | *kʰaːl |
| 可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
| 呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
| 訶 | *qʰaːl |
| 抲 | *qʰaːl |
| 荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 河 | *ɡaːl |
| 苛 | *ɡaːl |
| 魺 | *ɡaːl |
| 袔 | *ɡaːls |
| 阿 | *qaːl |
| 妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
| 鈳 | *qaːl |
| 娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 痾 | *qaːl |
| 跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
| 閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls): semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).

### Etymology

Probably related to 呼 (OC *qʰaː, “to exhale, shout”); see there for more (STEDT).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hē, ō (he$^1$, o$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜ, ㄛ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ho$^1$ / ho$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ŏ̤ / hŏ̤
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ho / o
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$hu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hē
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: he
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^1$
*** Yale: hē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan standard for the exclamation sense)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ō
*** Zhuyin: ㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: o
*** Wade–Giles: o$^1$
*** Yale: ō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: o
*** Palladius: о (o)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɔ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ho$^1$ / ho$^2$
*** Yale: hō / hó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ho$^1$ / ho$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ho$^1$ / ho$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔː⁵⁵/, /hɔː³⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ŏ̤ / hŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /o⁵⁵/, /ho⁵⁵/
* ŏ̤ - literary;
* hŏ̤ - vernacular (sound of laughter).
* Middle Chinese: xa
Rime :
| Character | 呵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 虎何切 |
| Baxter | xa |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ha/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ho$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤaj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 呵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xa › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰˁaj/ |
| English | scold |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 呵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 7453 |
| Phonetic component | 可 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 訶 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰaːl/ |
| Notes | 同訶，又集韻笑、氣出，今字作哈 |

#### Definitions

呵
* Alternative form of 訶 / 诃 (hē, “to berate; to scold”)
* to shout; to cry out
* to cherish; to treasure; to protect
* (onomatopoeia) Sound of laughing.
    呵呵。 ― Hēhē. ― Huh. (with falling pitch)
* Exclamation particle for expressing surprise.
* (dialectal) to smoke (tobacco)

#### Compounds

* 傻呵呵 (shǎhēhē)
* 冷呵呵
* 叱呵 (chìhē)
* 呵佛罵祖 / 呵佛骂祖
* 呵叱 (hēchì)
* 呵呵 (hēhē)
* 呵呵大笑 (hēhē dàxiào)
* 呵咾 (o-ló)
* 呵喝 (hēhè)
* 呵壁問天 / 呵壁问天
* 呵導 / 呵导
* 呵斥 (hēchì)
* 呵會 / 呵会
* 呵癢 / 呵痒
* 呵禁
* 呵脬捧卵
* 呵衛 / 呵卫
* 呵護 / 呵护 (hēhù)
* 呵責 / 呵责 (hēzé)
* 哦呵
* 喝風呵煙 / 喝风呵烟
* 怔呵呵
* 打野呵
* 撇呵
* 樂呵 / 乐呵
* 樂呵呵 / 乐呵呵 (lèhēhē)
* 灞陵呵夜
* 笑呵呵 (xiàohēhē)
* 胖呵呵
* 譏呵 / 讥呵
* 譙呵 / 谯呵
* 開呵 / 开呵
* 霸陵呵夜

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hē (he$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ho$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hĕ̤ / hŏ̤
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$hu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hē
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: he
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^1$
*** Yale: hē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ho$^1$
*** Yale: hō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ho$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ho$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔː⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hĕ̤ / hŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /hœ⁵⁵/, /ho⁵⁵/
* hĕ̤ - vernacular;
* hŏ̤ - literary.
* Middle Chinese: xaH
Rime :
| Character | 呵 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 呼箇切 |
| Baxter | xaH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ha$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xɑ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ho$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 呵 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 7456 |
| Phonetic component | 可 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 呵 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰaːls/ |

#### Definitions

呵
* to expel breath; to slowly breathe out

#### Compounds

* 一氣呵成 / 一气呵成 (yīqìhēchéng)
* 呵凍 / 呵冻
* 呵手
* 呵欠 (hēqiàn)
* 呵欠連天 / 呵欠连天
* 打呵欠 (dǎ hēqiàn)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kē (ke$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kē
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ke
*** Wade–Giles: kʻo$^1$
*** Yale: kē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
*** Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɤ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

呵
* Used in transcription.

#### Compounds

* 呵叻
* 呵羅單 / 呵罗单 (Kēluódān)

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hā (ha$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄚ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hā
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ha
*** Wade–Giles: ha$^1$
*** Yale: hā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ha
*** Palladius: ха (xa)
*** Sinological IPA : /xä⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

呵
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 哈 (“to bend over”)

### Pronunciation 5

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ā (a$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): o$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ā
*** Zhuyin: ㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: a
*** Wade–Giles: a$^1$
*** Yale: ā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: a
*** Palladius: а (a)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: o$^1$
*** Yale: ō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: o$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: o$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔː⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

呵
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 啊 (exclamation particle)

### Pronunciation 6

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): a (a$^5$／a$^0$)
    (Zhuyin): ˙ㄚ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: a
*** Zhuyin: ˙ㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: å
*** Wade–Giles: a$^5$
*** Yale: a
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .a
*** Palladius: а (a)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀä/

#### Definitions

呵
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 啊 (modal particle)
    From: 1926, Lu Xun, “In Memory of Miss Liu Hezhen”
    Chénmò a, chénmò a! Bù zài chénmò zhōng bàofā, jiù zài chénmò zhōng mièwáng. [Pinyin]
    Silence, silence! Unless we burst in this silence, we shall perish in this silence!

### Pronunciation 7

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huō (huo$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huō
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huo
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^1$
*** Yale: hwō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huo
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

呵
* (dialectal) to cheat; to deceive

### Pronunciation 8

* Cantonese (Jyutping): ho$^2$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ho$^2$
*** Yale: hó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ho$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ho$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔː³⁵/

#### Definitions

呵
* (Cantonese) Alternative form of 嗬 (ho$^2$) (Can we verify this sense?)
** 2012, 鬼差, 《鬼上身》, Hong Kong: 超媒體出版, →ISBN, page 36:
       “keoi$^5$ faan$^1$ zo$^2$ jap$^6$ heoi$^3$ zau$^6$ dak$^1$ laa$^3$ ho$^1$?” Joey zung$^1$ jyu$^1$ jan$^2$ m$^4$ zyu$^6$ man$^6$. [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2015 August 25, “被寸唔錫老婆　謝賢節目預演摑曾江”, in 東網 [on.cc]‎, archived from the original on 2025-03-10:
       zang$^1$ gong$^1$ zik$^1$ si$^6$ ji$^3$ bat$^1$ wui$^5$ zoi$^3$ gong$^2$, ze$^6$ jin$^4$ zoi$^3$ syut$^3$: “nei$^5$ m$^4$ wui$^5$ gwaai$^3$ ngo$^5$ gaa$^3$ ho$^2$? daa$^2$ haa$^5$ dou$^1$ m$^4$ wui$^5$ gwaai$^3$ gaa$^3$ ho$^2$?” ceoi$^4$ zik$^1$ jat$^1$ baa$^1$ zoeng$^2$ daa$^2$ lok$^6$ zang$^1$ gong$^1$ dou$^6$. [Jyutping]
       Kenneth Tsang immediately displayed a lack of willingness to continue talking, so Patrick Tse said: "You won't blame me, right? You wont't blame me if I give you a slap, right?" and immediately gave Kenneth Tsang a slap on the cheek.
** 2017, 莎比亞, 《一個分手要坐監嘅小島》, Hong Kong: 日閲堂出版社, →ISBN, page 266:
       can$^4$ ging$^1$ lei$^5$: “dai$^6$ ji$^6$ gin$^6$ si$^6$ hai$^6$, ngo$^5$ nam$^2$ nei$^5$ dei$^6$ jing$^1$ goi$^1$ dou$^1$ sik$^1$ deoi$^3$ fong$^1$ gaa$^3$ ho$^2$? Tony tung$^4$ Merci, ngo$^5$ tung$^4$ keoi$^5$ dei$^6$ dou$^1$ hou$^2$ suk$^6$, joek$^3$ zo$^2$ ting$^1$ maan$^{5-1}$ jat$^1$ cai$^4$ sik$^6$ faan$^6$, soeng$^2$ tai$^2$ haa$^5$ nei$^5$ dei$^6$ jat$^1$ m$^4$ jat$^1$ cai$^4$, king$^1$ haa$^5$ gai$^2$.” [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* scold, disapprove

#### Readings

* Go-on: か (ka)
* Kan-on: か (ka)
* Kun: しかる (shikaru, 呵る)、わらう (warau, 呵う)

## Korean
### Hanja

呵 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Tày
### Adjective

呵 (cà)
* Nôm form of cà (“yonder”).
    鉗𱍭仍会𱐍地呵Ghiềm ngần nhằng hỏi dú ti̱ càThe silver ring still hanging there

### Particle

呵 (a; à)
* Nôm form of a (“alright, okay”).
    𱽗好𱻊帝鍾用呵Rầư hảo nghì đảy chung du̱ng aWhoever is righteous will be adorsed
* Nôm form of à (“Sound made during singing.”).
    𫠿蘭呵菊秋Dâng lan à cúc thu(please add an English translation of this usage example)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

呵: Hán Nôm readings: ha, há, hả, hà, khá, khà
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.