# gran
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɹæn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -æn

### Noun

gran (plural grans)
* (informal, usually affectionate) A grandmother.
* (rare) A grandfather. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

#### Derived terms

* granarchist

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* ARNG, NARG, gRNA, garn, gnar, grna, narg, rang

## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin grandis, grandem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾan/
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: gran

### Adjective

gran (plural grans)
* big

### References

* “grande”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

## Asturian
### Adjective

gran
* (apocopic, before a singular noun) Alternative form of grande, big

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan gran, from Latin grandis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ghrewə- (“to fell, put down, fall in”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈɡɾan]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

gran m or f (masculine and feminine plural grans)
* big, large
    Antonym: petit
* (of a person) old
    Antonym: jove
    la gent gran : aged people, elders
    els grans : (only generic masculine plural, as said by children) the adults
* (of a person) older; oldest, eldest, senior
** 2020 February 10, Daniel Bonaventura, “"Necessito abraçades i petons" ["I need hugs and kisses"]”, in Ara‎:-Hola, mare! Qui soc? -En Joan. -No, no. No soc en Joan. Soc el teu fill gran. Com es diu el teu fill gran? -Daniel -encara mira a terra."Hello, mother! Who am I?" "Joan." "No, no. I'm not Joan. I'm your oldest son. What's the name of your oldest son? "Daniel." She's still looking at the ground.
* great (very large)
* great (important)

#### Derived terms

* engrandir
* grandària
* grandesa
* grandíssim
* grandor

#### Related terms

* grandiós

### Noun

gran m (plural grans)
* (in the plural) adults, grown-ups

### Further reading

* “gran” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “gran”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “gran” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “gran” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin grānum.

### Noun

gran m (plural grans)
* wheat, corn
* grain

#### Related terms

* granâr

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾaŋ/ [ˈɡɾɑŋ]
* IPA: (standard) /ˈɡɾaŋ/ [ˈɡɾɑŋ]
* IPA: (gheada) /ˈħɾaŋ/ [ˈħɾɑŋ]
* Rhymes: -aŋ
* Hyphenation: gran

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese gran, from Latin grandis.

#### Alternative forms

* gram, grã, grão (reintegrationist)

#### Adjective

gran m or f (apocopate)
* Apocopic form of grande (“great”)
    Gran Bretaña - Great Britain
    Gran Premio - Grand Prix

##### Usage notes

* It is used, instead of grande, when preceding singular names whose first sound is a consonant

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese grão, from Latin grānum. Cognate with Portuguese grão, Spanish grano, and Catalan gra.

#### Alternative forms

* gra, grao
* gram, grão (reintegrationist)

#### Noun

gran m (plural grans)
* (uncountable) grain, the seed of grass food crops
** 1396, M. Romaní Martínez, editor, La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira, Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, IV; page 449:E nos dedes del de cada anno em paz et em salvo en a ayra do dito casar quarta de todo pan e grao que Deus em el derand you shall give us each year, pacifically and safely, in the threshing ground of that farm, a quarter of all the bread and the grain that God there gives
* (countable) grain, seed, kernel, bean, a single seed of certain crops
* (countable) grain, a single similar particle of various substances
* (historical, countable) grano, Spanish grain, a traditional unit of mass equivalent to about 50 mg
* (countable) grain, any of various traditional units of mass notionally based on the weight of various grains
* (figurative, countable) speck, ounce, any extremely small quantity or amount
    Synonym: pisca
** 1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:Tamen bay ese tabeque meu velliño, pois fungàs que cada grao de èl gorenta, con eso as fremas sairàn.Also there it goes this tobacco, my little old man, since you snivel: each grain of it is delectable, with this phlegms will go out.
* (countable) pimple, blackhead, a blocked skin pore, especially with a painful and pus-filled inflamation
    Synonym: espiña
* (uncountable) grain, the linear surface texture of various substances
    Synonym: textura

##### Derived terms

* gran de corvo
* pedra de gran

##### Related terms

* degraer
* degrañar
* Graña
* grañón
* grañudo
* granxa
* Granxa

### References

* “gran”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “grão”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “gran”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “gran” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “gran”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “gran”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “gran”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡran/
* Rhymes: -an
* Hyphenation: gràn

### Adjective

gran m or f (apocopate)
* Apocopic form of grande
    Gran Bretagna - Great Britain
    Gran Premio - Grand Prix
    gran turismo - grand touring

## Ladin
### Etymology

From Latin grandis, grandem.

### Adjective

gran m (feminine singular granda, masculine plural gragn, feminine plural grandes)
* large; great

## Mauritian Creole
### Etymology

From French grand.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɰɑ̃/

### Adjective

gran
* great
* grown-up
* big
* tall

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Danish gran, from Old Norse grǫn (“spruce, pine tree”), from Proto-Germanic *granō (“awn, bristles”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰroH-néh₂-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡraːn/

### Noun

gran f or m (definite singular grana or granen, indefinite plural graner, definite plural granene)
* spruce (mostly the species Picea abies (Norway spruce)).
* spruce (wood from spruce trees)

#### Hypernyms

* furu (“pine”)

#### Derived terms

* granskog, grandekket, grantopp

### References

“gran” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* gron
* grøn (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Old Norse grǫn (“spruce or pine tree”), whence also gron (“muzzle; animal lips”). From Proto-Germanic *granō (“awn, bristles”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰroH-néh₂-. Cognate with Faroese gron, Icelandic grön, and Swedish and Danish gran.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡraːn/

### Noun

gran f (definite singular grana, indefinite plural graner, definite plural granene)
* spruce (mostly the species Picea abies (Norway spruce)).
* spruce (wood from spruce trees)

#### Derived terms

* Gran (toponym)
* granbar
* granbord
* granbork
* granbruk
* granbusk
* granhage
* granhjort
* granhol
* granholt
* grankongul grankongel, grankongle
* grankvae, grankvåde
* granlav
* granmork
* granripel
* granski
* granskog
* sitkagran

#### Related terms

* grene

### References

* “gran” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* “gran” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

## Occitan
### Etymology 1

From Old Occitan gran, from Latin grandis, grandem.

#### Adjective

gran
* big; large

##### Alternative forms

* grand

### Etymology 2

From Latin grānum.

#### Noun

gran m (plural grans)
* grain

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* grande
* grã, gram

### Etymology

From grande, from Latin grandis, grandem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾaŋ/

### Adjective

gran
* big

#### Derived terms

* agram perfia
* a gran poder
* a gran pressa
* a gran sazon

#### Descendants

* Fala: gran
* Galician: gran
* Portuguese: grão

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin grandis, grandem.

### Adjective

gran m or f (plural grans)
* big; large

#### Descendants

* Occitan: gran

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian гран (gran).

### Noun

gran n (plural grane)
* (obsolete) grain (unit of weight)

#### Declension
### References

* gran in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Old Spanish grant, grand, apocopic forms of grande (“great”). Other apocopic forms inherited from Old Spanish include primer, san and según.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾan/ [ˈɡɾãn]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: gran

### Adjective

gran m or f (apocopate, standard form grande)
* (before the noun) Apocopic form of grande; great.

#### Usage notes

* The form gran is used only before and within the noun phrase of the modified singular noun. Elsewhere, grande is used instead.

### Further reading

* “gran”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrɑːn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːn

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse grǫn. First attested in the early 14th century.

#### Noun

gran c
* spruce (mostly the species Picea abies or Norway spruce, the species found most often in Sweden)
    hugga ner en grancut down a spruce tree
    klä (jul)granendecorate [dress] the (Christmas) tree

##### Derived terms

* julgran (“Christmas tree”)

##### See also

* tall (“pine”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Medieval Latin grānum (“smallest unit of weight”), derived from Latin grānum (“grain; seed”). First attested in 1497.

#### Noun

gran c
* (historical) A Swedish grain at 0.297 mm; $^1$⁄$_{10}$ of a nylinje (“2.97 mm”) or 10 skrupel (“29.7 µm”).
    Coordinate terms: rev, stång, fot, decimaltum, nylinje, gran, skrupel
* (historical, pharmacy) A Swedish grain at 61.85 mg, 1/20th of a skrupel (“1.237 g”).
    Coordinate terms: liber, uns, drakma, skrupel, gran
** 1860 August 11, “Botmedel mot kolera [Cure for cholera]”, in Skara Nya Tidning:Alla de, ſom under ſjukdomen dagligen intogo 2 gran etiope, blefwo bewarade ifrån ſjukdomen.All those who, during the disease, took 2 grain of ethiope daily, were preserved from the disease.

### References

* ↑ gran in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ↑ gran in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* gran in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* gran in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* garn, rang