# 悶

| 悶 | U+60B6, &#24758; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60B6 |
| ← 悵 [U+60B5] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 悷 → [U+60B7] |

## Translingual
### Han character

悶 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓心 (ANP), four-corner 7733$_7$, composition ⿵門心)

#### Derived characters

* 𠎒, 𭊳, 𱗹, 𡮬, 㦖, 𪮰, 㵍, 燜, 𬛗, 𫃐, 𲆻, 𫵈, 𡮮, 蕄, 䉍, 𤺯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1333, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10729
* Dae Jaweon: page 722, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4291, character 4
* Unihan data for U+60B6

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蔄 | *roːs, *mruːns |
| 闅 | *min, *mrɯn, *mɯn |
| 閩 | *mrɯn, *mɯn |
| 蕄 | *mɯːŋ, *mrɯːŋ |
| 門 | *mɯːn |
| 捫 | *mɯːn |
| 悶 | *mɯːns |
| 聞 | *mɯn, *mɯns |
| 閿 | *mɯn |
| 問 | *mɯns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mɯːns): phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 心

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mun (“dark”) (STEDT). Cognate with 昏 (OC *hmɯːn, “dusk; dark”), Tibetan མུན་པ (mun pa, “darkness”), Burmese မှုန် (hmun, “dim; gloomy”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mèn, mēn (men$^4$, men$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄣˋ, ㄇㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mun$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mun
* Eastern Min (BUC): mông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): būn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhung$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$men
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mèn
*** Wade–Giles: mên$^4$
*** Yale: mèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menn
*** Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mən⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: men
*** Wade–Giles: mên$^1$
*** Yale: mēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mhen
*** Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mən⁵⁵/
* mèn - literal (“bored, gloomy, depressed”);
* mēn - vernacular (“stuffy”).
* Middle Chinese: mwonH
Rime :
| Character | 悶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫困切 |
| Baxter | mwonH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muən$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muon$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwən$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /muən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /muən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mun$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 悶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8962 |
| Phonetic component | 門 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 悶 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯːns/ |

### Definitions

悶
* gloomy; depressed; melancholy
* bored
* stuffy

#### Compounds

* 不悶 / 不闷
* 受悶氣 / 受闷气
* 悶不作聲 / 闷不作声
* 悶不吭聲 / 闷不吭声
* 悶亂 / 闷乱
* 悶人 / 闷人
* 悶信 / 闷信
* 悶倦 / 闷倦
* 悶厭厭 / 闷厌厌
* 悶坐 / 闷坐
* 悶子車 / 闷子车
* 悶弓兒 / 闷弓儿
* 悶得慌 / 闷得慌
* 悶悶 / 闷闷
* 悶悶不已 / 闷闷不已
* 悶悶不樂 / 闷闷不乐 (mènmènbùlè)
* 悶悶渴渴 / 闷闷渴渴
* 悶懨懨 / 闷恹恹
* 悶損 / 闷损
* 悶數錢糧 / 闷数钱粮
* 悶昏昏 / 闷昏昏
* 悶板 / 闷板
* 悶棍 / 闷棍
* 悶氣 / 闷气
* 悶汗 / 闷汗
* 悶沌沌 / 闷沌沌
* 悶沉沉 / 闷沉沉
* 悶淹淹 / 闷淹淹
* 悶熱 / 闷热 (mēnrè)
* 悶瞀 / 闷瞀
* 悶聲不響 / 闷声不响 (mēnshēngbùxiǎng)
* 悶葫蘆 / 闷葫芦 (mènhúlu)
* 悶葫蘆罐 / 闷葫芦罐 (mènhúluguàn)
* 悶虧 / 闷亏 (mènkuī)
* 悶酒 / 闷酒 (mènjiǔ)
* 悶錶 / 闷表
* 悶雷 / 闷雷 (mènléi)
* 悶頭 / 闷头 (mēntóu)
* 悶香 / 闷香
* 悶騰騰 / 闷腾腾
* 愁山悶海 / 愁山闷海
* 愁悶 / 愁闷 (chóumèn)
* 憂悶 / 忧闷 (yōumèn)
* 憋悶 / 憋闷
* 懊悶 / 懊闷
* 打悶棍 / 打闷棍
* 打悶葫蘆 / 打闷葫芦
* 打悶雷 / 打闷雷
* 排悶 / 排闷
* 散悶 / 散闷
* 氣悶 / 气闷 (qìmèn)
* 沉悶 / 沉闷 (chénmèn)
* 消愁解悶 / 消愁解闷
* 消愁釋悶 / 消愁释闷
* 溼悶 / 湿闷
* 滯悶 / 滞闷
* 煩悶 / 烦闷 (fánmèn)
* 猜悶兒 / 猜闷儿
* 生悶氣 / 生闷气
* 發悶 / 发闷
* 納悶 / 纳闷 (nàmèn)
* 脫悶 / 脱闷
* 苦悶 / 苦闷 (kǔmèn)
* 藏悶兒 / 藏闷儿 (cángmēnr)
* 解悶 / 解闷 (jiěmèn)
* 解悶破寂 / 解闷破寂
* 迷留悶亂 / 迷留闷乱
* 逗悶子 / 逗闷子
* 遣悶 / 遣闷 (qiǎnmèn)
* 適悶 / 适闷
* 頭昏腦悶 / 头昏脑闷
* 鬥悶子 / 斗闷子
* 鬱悶 / 郁闷 (yùmèn)
* 鱉悶 / 鳖闷

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01384

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: もん (mon)
* Kan-on: ぼん (bon)
* Kun: もだえる (modaeru, 悶える)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 悶
* もん Hyōgai
* goon
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もん [móꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

悶(もん) • (mon)
* agony

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

悶 (eumhun 답답할 민 (dapdaphal min))
* hanja form of 민 (“agony”)

#### Compounds

* 고민 (苦悶, gomin, “agony, anguish, worry, trouble”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

悶: Hán Việt readings: muộn, môn
悶: Nôm readings: muốn, mụn
* chữ Hán form of muộn (“sad, sorrowful”).
* chữ Nôm form of muốn (“to want, to desire”).

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).
* 1 2 Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* Nom Foundation