# 云

| 云 | U+4E91, &#20113; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E91 |
| ← 亐 [U+4E90] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 互 → [U+4E92] |

## Translingual
### Han character

云 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一一戈 (MMI), four-corner 1073$_1$, composition ⿱二厶 or ⿱一𠫔)

#### Derived characters

* 呍, 妘, 沄, 抎, 忶, 枟, 眃, 𥐯, 秐, 紜(纭), 耘, 耺, 夽, 侌, 芸, 凨, 囩, 雲, 藝, 䢵, 魂, 䲰(𪉂), 䰟, 兿, 𰚼
* 転, 伝 (Simplified from 專 in Japanese)
* 沄, 叆, 叇, 昙 (Simplified from 雲 in traditional Chinese)
* 会, 尝, 层, 动, 运, 坛, 酝 (Simplified from various components in traditional Chinese)

#### Related characters

* 雲 (Traditional form of 云)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 254
* Dae Jaweon: page 178, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 384, character 2
* Unihan data for U+4E91

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 云 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
| Small seal scripts08529 ||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||
| | Old Chinese |
| 魂 | *ɢuːn |
| 沄 | *ɢuːn, *ɢun |
| 忶 | *ɢuːn, *ɢuns |
| 囩 | *ɢun |
| 夽 | *ŋunʔ |
| 雲 | *ɢun |
| 芸 | *ɢun |
| 耘 | *ɢun |
| 妘 | *ɢun |
| 紜 | *ɢun |
| 云 | *ɢun |
| 耺 | *ɢun |
| 蕓 | *ɢun |
| 澐 | *ɢun |
| 橒 | *ɢun |
| 抎 | *ɢunʔ |
Pictogram (象形): a stylized picture of clouds.
Jiajie (假借) - The character was subsequently borrowed for a near-homophone meaning "to say", and the original meaning came to be represented by 雲 (OC *ɢun), through the addition of a semantic component 雨 (“rain”).
The simplified form adopted by the People's Republic of China in the 1950s eliminates this later addition and uses 云 for both "to say" and "cloud".

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 云 – see 雲 (“cloud; cloud; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and ancient form of 雲).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

### Etymology 2

* 云 (消歧義)
Perhaps cognate to 謂 (OC *ɢuds) (Wang Li, 1982).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yún (yun$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wan$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yùn
    (Hailu, HRS): rhun
* Eastern Min (BUC): ùng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ong$^2$ / uong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ûn / în
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ung$^5$ / ung$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yún
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yún
*** Wade–Giles: yün$^2$
*** Yale: yún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yun
*** Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /yn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^4$
*** Yale: wàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: iun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯un¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhun
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒun⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ùng
*** Sinological IPA : /uŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ong$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: eóng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: uong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /uoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûn
*** Tâi-lô: ûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: uun
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /un²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Jinjiang, Philippines): /un²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: în
*** Tâi-lô: în
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iin
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /in¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ung$^5$ / ung$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ûng / ūng
*** Sinological IPA : /uŋ⁵⁵/, /uŋ¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yun
*** MiniDict: yuin$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhyn
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦyn²³/
* Middle Chinese: hjun
Rime :
| Character | 云 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 王分切 |
| Baxter | hjun |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦiun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦun/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭuən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[r]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢun/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 云 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjun › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷə[r]/ |
| English | say |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 云 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16363 |
| Phonetic component | 云 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 雲 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢun/ |

#### Definitions

云
* (literary) to say; to speak (used when quoting from a source)
* A particle.
* a surname:
** originated from 妘 (yún)
** originated from Zhou dynasty feudal state of 䢵
** originated from surname 牒云
** simplified from 雲
* (Quanzhou, Xiamen and Philippine Hokkien) to go on a pleasure trip; to roam around; to stroll; to saunter; to go for a walk
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 云 (MC hjun), equivalent to the 3rd 等 (děng) of the initial 喻 (MC yuH)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 言, 云, 曰, 道 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 說, 道 literary |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 說 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 說, 講 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 說, 講 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 說, 講 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 說 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 說 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 說, 講 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 說 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 說 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 說 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 說 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 講 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 講 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | 講 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 講 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 講, 話 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 講, 話 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 講, 話 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 講, 話 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 講 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 話 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 講 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 話 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 講, 話 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 講 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 講 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 講 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 講 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 講 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 講, 話 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 講, 話 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 講, 話 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 講 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 講 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 講 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 話 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 講, 話 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 講 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 講 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 講 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 講 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 講 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 講 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 講 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 講 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 講 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 講 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 講 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 說 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 話 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 講 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 講 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 講 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 講 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 講 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 說 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 說 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 說, 講 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 講 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 呾, 講 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 講 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 講 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 講 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 講 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 講 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 講 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 說, 講 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 講 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 講 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Phnom Penh (Teochew) | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 呾 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 講 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 講 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 講 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 講 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 講 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 講 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 講 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang | 講, 說 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 講 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 話 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 講, 說 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 說, 話, 講 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 講, 話 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 講, 話 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 講 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 講 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 講 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 講 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) | 講 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 曰, 講 |
* (to go on a pleasure trip): 漫遊／漫游 (mànyóu)

#### Compounds

* 不知所云 (bùzhīsuǒyún)
* 云乎
* 云乎哉
* 云云 (yúnyún)
* 云亡
* 云亭
* 云亭山人
* 云何 (yúnhé)
* 云喻
* 云已
* 云是
* 云板
* 云為
* 云然
* 云爾 (yún'ěr)
* 云爾哉
* 云者
* 云耳 (yún'ěr)
* 云胡
* 云若
* 云都赤
* 人云亦云 (rényúnyìyún)
* 但云
* 唱云
* 子曰詩云 (zǐyuēshīyún)
* 歲聿云暮
* 漫云
* 牒云
* 紛云
* 聲云
* 胡云
* 背云
* 胡云海嗙
* 詩云子曰

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* say

#### Readings

* Go-on: うん (un)
* Kan-on: うん (un)
* Kun: いう (iu, 云う)
* Nanori: おき (oki)、これ (kore)、とも (tomo)、ひと (hito)

#### Compounds

* 云々(しかじか) (shikajika)
* 云々(うんぬん) (unnun)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 云
* うん Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 云 (MC hjun).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɯ̟̃ɴ]

### Affix

云(うん) • (un)
* say

#### Derived terms

* 云(うん)云(ぬん), 云(うん)々(ぬん) (unnun)
* 云(うん)為(い) (un'i)
* 云(うん)爾(じ) (unji)

## Korean
### Hanja

云 (eum 운 (un))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

云: Hán Việt readings: vân (于(vu)分(phân)切(thiết))
云: Nôm readings: vân

### Verb

云
* chữ Hán form of vân (“to say; to speak”).

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).