# tunnel
## English
### Etymology

From Middle French tonnelle (“net”) or tonel (“cask”), diminutive of Old French tonne (“cask”), a word of uncertain origin and affiliation. Related to Old English tunne (“tun; cask; barrel”). More at tun.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʌn(ə)l/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌnəl
* Hyphenation: tun‧nel

### Noun

tunnel (plural tunnels)
* An underground or underwater passage.
** 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 90:In 1865 an outfit called the East London Railway Company bought the Brunel tunnel for £800,000, and in 1869 they opened a railway through it.
* A passage through or under some obstacle.
** 1921 June, Margery Williams, “The Velveteen Rabbit: Or How Toys Become Real”, in Harper’s Bazar, volume LVI, number 6 (2504 overall), New York, N.Y.: International Magazine Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:But very soon he grew to like it, for the Boy used to talk to him, and made nice tunnels for him under the bedclothes that he said were like the burrows the real rabbits lived in.
** 2020 August 26, Tim Dunn, “Great railway bores of our time!”, in Rail, page 42:There are more than 1,500 railway tunnels in Britain and the majority are still in use, carrying working tracks beneath Britain's most inconvenient geographic features.
* A hole in the ground made by an animal, a burrow.
* (computing, networking) A wrapper for a protocol that cannot otherwise be used because it is unsupported, blocked, or insecure.
* A vessel with a broad mouth at one end, a pipe or tube at the other, for conveying liquor, fluids, etc., into casks, bottles, or other vessels; a funnel.
* The opening of a chimney for the passage of smoke; a flue.
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 29:And one great chimney, whose long tonnell thence, / The smoke forth threw
* (mining) A level passage driven across the measures, or at right angles to veins which it is desired to reach; distinguished from the drift, or gangway, which is led along the vein when reached by the tunnel.
* (figurative) Anything that resembles a tunnel.
** 2021 October 20, Mark Rand, “S&C: a line fit for tourists... and everyone?”, in RAIL, number 942, page 43:Especially in the Eden Valley, trees create what is almost a green tunnel (particularly in summer).

#### Hyponyms

* base tunnel
* running tunnel
* summit tunnel

#### Descendants

* → Afrikaans: tonnel
* → Armenian: թունել (tʻunel)
* → Czech: tunel
* → Danish: tunnel
* → Dutch: tunnel
* → Finnish: tunneli
* → French: tunnel
** Haitian Creole: tinèl
** → Armenian: թիւնէլ (tʻiwnēl)
** → Ottoman Turkish: تونل (tünel), طونل (tünel)
*** Turkish: tünel
** → Romanian: tunel
* → German: Tunnel
* → Greek: τούνελ (toúnel)
* → Italian: tunnel
* → Japanese: トンネル
* → Korean: 터널 (teoneol)
* → Norwegian Bokmål: tunnel, tunell
* → Norwegian Nynorsk: tunnel, tunell
* → Polish: tunel
* → Portuguese: túnel
* → Russian: тунне́ль (tunnélʹ)
** → Kazakh: түнел (tünel)
* → Scottish Gaelic: tunail
* → Serbo-Croatian: tùnēl
* → Spanish: túnel
* → Swedish: tunnel
* → Uzbek: tunnel

#### Translations
### Verb

tunnel (third-person singular simple present tunnels, present participle (UK) tunnelling or (US) tunneling, simple past and past participle (UK) tunnelled or (US) tunneled)
* (transitive) To make a tunnel through or under something; to burrow.
** 1962 October, “London gets its Victoria tube”, in Modern Railways, page 258:The 1955 Act gave powers for compulsory acquisition of "easements", or permission to tunnel beneath dwelling houses instead of, as had previously been necessary, following approximately the course of surface roads.
** 2019 October, Ruth Bagley tells James Abbott, “Crunch time for Heathrow western link”, in Modern Railways, page 74:The 6.5km route is agreed from a junction with the relief lines of the Great Western main line to the west of Slough, the new link would tunnel under the M25 to reach Heathrow's Terminal 5 station, where space has been set aside to accommodate services from the west.
* (intransitive) To dig a tunnel.
* (computing, networking) To transmit something through a tunnel (wrapper for an insecure or unsupported protocol).
* (transitive, medicine) To insert a catheter into a vein to allow long-term use.
* (physics) To undergo the quantum-mechanical phenomenon where a particle penetrates through a barrier that it classically cannot surmount.

### Derived terms

* bridge and tunnel
* bridge-and-tunnel
* carpal tunnel
* carpal tunnel syndrome
* Channel Tunnel
* cross-tunnel
* ear tunnel
* flesh tunnel
* fudge tunnel
* high tunnel
* light at the end of the tunnel
* love tunnel
* quantum tunnel
* screech tunnel
* Severn Tunnel Junction
* snake in the tunnel
* steam tunnel
* sun tunnel
* time tunnel
* Toblerone tunnel
* tree tunnel
* tunnel book
* tunnel boring machine
* tunnel broker
* Tunnel City
* tunnel diode
* tunnel disease
* tunnel head
* tunnel kiln
* tunneller
* tunnel net
* tunnel of love
* tunnel ram
* tunnel rat
* tunnel running
* tunnel stern
* tunnel vision
* tunnel-visioned
* water tunnel
* wind tunnel

### Further reading

* tunnel on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Tunnel (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* nunlet, unlent

## Danish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English tunnel.

### Noun

tunnel c (definite singular tunnelen or tunnellen, indefinite plural tunneler or tunneller, definite plural tunnelerne or tunnellerne)
* tunnel

### Declension
#### Derived terms

* tunnelsyn
* vindtunnel
* gangtunnel

### References

* “tunnel” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English tunnel, from Middle French tonnelle.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʏ.nəl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: tun‧nel

### Noun

tunnel m (plural tunnels, diminutive tunneltje n)
* tunnel

#### Derived terms

* fietstunnel
* metrotunnel
* snelwegtunnel
* spoortunnel
* tunnelboor
* tunnelboormachine
* tunnelbouw
* tunneldeel
* voetgangerstunnel
* watertunnel
* windtunnel

## French
### Etymology

English tunnel, itself a borrowing from French tonnelle; hence a reborrowing. Doublet of tonnelle.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ty.nɛl/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tunnel m (plural tunnels)
* tunnel

#### Derived terms

* voir le bout du tunnel

#### Descendants

* Haitian Creole: tinèl
* → Armenian: թիւնէլ (tʻiwnēl)
* → Ottoman Turkish: تونل (tünel), طونل (tünel)
** Turkish: tünel
* → Romanian: tunel

### Further reading

* “tunnel”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* tunnelle
* tunnello

### Etymology

English tunnel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtun.nel/
* Rhymes: -unnel
* Hyphenation: tùn‧nel
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tunnel m (invariable)
* tunnel
    Synonyms: galleria, traforo
* (soccer) nutmeg

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* tunell

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tunnel m (definite singular tunnelen, indefinite plural tunneler, definite plural tunnelene)
* a tunnel
* (soccer) nutmeg

#### Derived terms

* gangtunnel
* jernbanetunnel
* tunnelbane
* tunnelsyn
* veitunnel
* vindtunnel

### References

* “tunnel” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* lunnet, lunten

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* tunell

### Etymology

From English tunnel, Middle French tonnelle (“net”) or tonel (“cask”), diminutive of Old French tonne (“cask”), a word of uncertain origin and affiliation.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tʉˈnɛlː/, /²tʉnːɛl/

### Noun

tunnel m (definite singular tunnelen, indefinite plural tunnelar, definite plural tunnelane)
* a tunnel
    Synonyms: holgang, holveg, jordgang
* (soccer) nutmeg

#### Derived terms

* gangtunnel
* jernbanetunnel
* tunnelbane
* tunnelsyn
* vindtunnel

### References

* “tunnel” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Etymology

From English tunnel, from Middle French tonnelle (“net”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²tɵnɛl/
* Audio; “tunnlar”:(file)

### Noun

tunnel c
* tunnel
** An underground or underwater passage.
** A passage through or under some obstacle.
** A hole in the ground made by an animal, a burrow.

#### Related terms

* biltunnel
* järnvägstunnel (“railway tunnel”)
* tunneleffekt
* tunnelseende
* tunnla (“to tunnel”)
* tunnling
* vindtunnel (“wind tunnel”)

### References

* tunnel in Svensk ordbok.