# գութան
## Armenian
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle Armenian գութան (gutʻan), also written as գուդան (gudan) and as գութա (gutʻa) in the phrase գութա մի (gutʻa mi, “one plough”). The latter should be understood as *գութան մի (*gutʻan mi) with the assimilation of ն (n) to մ (m) and the simplification of the double մմ (mm) to մ (m). Hence, the form *գութայ (*gutʻay) quoted by dictionaries based on that phrase is spurious.
A pan-Caucasian word of uncertain ultimate origin. Compare Georgian გუთანი (gutani), Mingrelian გუთანი (gutani); Ingush гота (gota), Chechen гота (gota); Dargwa гутан (gutan), Udi коьтаьн (kötän), Lezgi куьте́н (kütén), Avar кута́н (kután); Abkhaz а-куаҭана (a-kʼwatana), а-кәаҭа́н (a-kʷʼatán), Abaza кӏвата́н (kʷʼatán); Ossetian гу́тон (gúton), готон (goton); Northern Kurdish kotan; Azerbaijani kotan, Ottoman Turkish قوطان (kotan), dialectal Turkish köten, kötan, kotan, kutan, Karachay-Balkar гатон (gaton); Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܟܘܬܢ (kûtân).
Abaev remarks that in all the languages the word refers to a heavy or improved version of the plough, whereas the regular plough is designated by a native word.
According to Genko (1930):
   The question of the origin of such a widespread name of the plough seems to be insoluble by means of historical linguistics.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɡuˈtʰɑn/, [ɡutʰɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kuˈtɑn/, [kʰutʰɑ́n]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

գութան • (gutʻan)
* plough

#### Synonyms

* արոր (aror)

### References

* ↑ Karaxanyan, Grigor (1975) “Hayastani miǰnadaryan kencʻaġayin kʻandaknerə (XV–XVI dd.) [Medieval reliefs of everyday life in Armenia (15th–16th centuries)]”, in Lraber hasarakakan gitutʻyunneri [Herald of the Social Sciences]‎ (in Armenian), number 8, Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 33–34
* ↑ Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “գուդան”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎, edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 147
* ↑ Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “գութայ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui. Mnacʻordkʻ noragiwt baṙicʻ ew vkayutʻeancʻ yawurs [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language. Appendix of Newly-Discovered Words and Attestations] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1049c
* ↑ Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “գութայ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries]‎, edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 148
* 1 2 Marr, N. (1903) Тексты и разыскания по армяно-грузинской филологии. Книга V. Критика и мелкие статьи [Texts and research in Armenian–Georgian philology. Book V. Hippolytus. Reviews and minor articles] (Издания Факультета восточных языков Императорского С.-Петербургского университета; 5)‎ (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 12
* ↑ Abajev, V. I. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 527
* ↑ Genko, Anatolii N. (2017 [1930]) “О названиях ’плуга’ в северокавказских языках”, in K. E. Stein, D. I. Petrenko, editors, Caucasica: Кавказоведение. Страницы прошлого. По материалам архива и библиотеки Северо-Кавказского горского историко-лингвистического научно-исследовательского института имени С. М. Кирова (1926–1937): Антология‎, Rostov-on-Don: Полиграф-Сервис, →ISBN, page 615
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գութայ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 587–588
* J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “գութայ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 171a