# 冘

| 冘 | U+5198, &#20888; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5198 |
| ← 冗 [U+5197] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 写 → [U+5199] |

## Translingual
### Han character

冘 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 中月山 (LBU), four-corner 4021$_2$, composition ⿸⿻冖丿乚)

#### Derived characters

* 𠆶, 𠖑, 𠖙, 㓄/𪠟, 𠛌, 𠠹, 㕪, 𫭃, 𭎃, 𡖓, 妉, 𭖉, 帎, 𢇧, 𢑝, 忱, 𢗐, 𢘚, 抌, 𢻼, 𢼈, 𣅟, 䶻, 枕, 𣜣, 𣢌, 㱽, 沈, 沊, 㶩, 𤘣, 𤜴, 𪻔, 㼉, 𤫯, 瓭, 㽎, 𭻄, 㽸, 眈, 𥑀, 𮁡, 𥝴, 𥤷, 𥫹, 紞/𬘘, 耽, 䏙, 𦥟, 䒞, 𮓻, 𧊼, 𮔃, 衴, 𧣁, 訦/𰵒, 𫍈, 𮙌, 𧴸, 𧺟, 𧿒, 躭, 𨋄, 𨑻, 邥, 酖, 醓, 鈂/𬬵, 䧵, 𩈉, 䪴/𫖫, 馾/𩨥, 髧, 𩵫, 魫/𱇙, 鴆/鸩, 𮬮, 黆, 黕, 𪔽

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1567
* Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 302, character 17
* Unihan data for U+5198

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冘 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 冘 | *lu, *lum |
| 抌 | *lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ |
| 狖 | *lus |
| 貁 | *lus |
| 耽 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 眈 | *ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm |
| 酖 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 妉 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黕 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 衴 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 瓭 | *ʔl'uːmʔ |
| 馾 | *ʔl'uːms |
| 髧 | *l'uːmʔ |
| 紞 | *ʔl'oːmʔ |
| 鈂 | *zlum, *l'um |
| 沈 | *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ |
| 沉 | *l'um |
| 枕 | *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums |
| 莐 | *l'um |
| 霃 | *l'um |
| 鴆 | *l'ums |
| 訦 | *ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ |
| 忱 | *ɦljum |
| 邥 | *hljumʔ |
| 魫 | *hljumʔ |
Pictogram (象形) — A man carrying an object on their shoulder. The original form of 儋 (OC *ʔl'aːm, “to carry on the shoulder”). It should also be noted that the oracle bone character may be interpreted as 何. (Ji Xusheng, 2004)

### Etymology 1

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lam (“road, way, path”) (STEDT).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yín (yin$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jam$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): îm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yín
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yín
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^2$
*** Yale: yín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
*** Palladius: инь (inʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jam$^4$
*** Yale: yàhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐm²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: îm
*** Tâi-lô: îm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iim
*** IPA (Xiamen): /im²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /im²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /im¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /im²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /im²³/
* Middle Chinese: yim
Rime :
| Character | 冘 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 餘針切 |
| Baxter | yim |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jim/ |
| Li Rong | /iəm/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*lum/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冘 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 15270 |
| Phonetic component | 冘 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 淫 |
| Old Chinese | /*lum/ |

#### Definitions

冘
* (literary, obsolete) moving forward steadily
    alt. forms: 𢓕

#### Compounds

* 冘冘

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yóu (you$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iû
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yóu
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^2$
*** Yale: yóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
*** Palladius: ю (ju)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^4$
*** Yale: yàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû
*** Tâi-lô: iû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²³/
* Middle Chinese: yuw
Rime :
| Character | 冘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以周切 |
| Baxter | yuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juw/ |
| Li Rong | /iu/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*lu/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 冘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 15236 |
| Phonetic component | 冘 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 猷 |
| Old Chinese | /*lu/ |

#### Definitions

冘
* Archaic form of 尤 (yóu), only used in 冘豫 and 冘疑.

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 冘 – see 冗 (“superfluous; unnecessary; surplus; uncalled-for; spare; excessive; redundant; etc.”). (This character is an obsolete form of 冗).

### References

* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “冘”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00205
* “冘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): いん (in)、ゆう (yū)、ゆ (yu)
* Kun: おこたる (okotaru)、ためらふ (tamerafu)、うたがふ (utagafu)

## Korean
### Hanja

冘 (eum 유 (yu))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

冘: Hán Nôm readings: đem, dâm, nhũng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.