# 哥

| 哥 | U+54E5, &#21733; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54E5 |
| ← 哤 [U+54E4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 哦 → [U+54E6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

哥 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一口弓口 (MRNR), four-corner 1062$_1$, composition ⿱⿹丅口可(GHTV) or ⿱可可(JK))

#### Derived characters

* 彁 滒 謌(𬤐) 鎶 (鿔) 㢦 戨 歌 䔅
* 𠹭 𡟵 𤠙 𧎺 𤭻 𨝆 𪃿(𬸠) 𡃭 𥰯 𫛌 𪢦
* 𭤃 𭊣 𫰄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 190, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3641
* Dae Jaweon: page 409, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 624, character 19
* Unihan data for U+54E5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
| 柯 | *kaːl |
| 菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
| 牁 | *kaːl |
| 滒 | *kaːl |
| 哥 | *kaːl |
| 歌 | *kaːl |
| 謌 | *kaːl |
| 鴚 | *kaːl |
| 哿 | *kaːlʔ |
| 舸 | *kaːlʔ |
| 笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
| 軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 珂 | *kʰaːl |
| 可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
| 呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
| 訶 | *qʰaːl |
| 抲 | *qʰaːl |
| 荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 河 | *ɡaːl |
| 苛 | *ɡaːl |
| 魺 | *ɡaːl |
| 袔 | *ɡaːls |
| 阿 | *qaːl |
| 妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
| 鈳 | *qaːl |
| 娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 痾 | *qaːl |
| 跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
| 閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
Stacked form of 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ), perhaps an open mouth with breath going out while talking or singing. In fact, the original meaning of 哥 and perhaps 可 was "to sing; song".

### Etymology
#### “elder brother”

    This sense is attested in Medieval Chinese, and became popular during the Tang dynasty, gradually displacing 兄 (MC xjwaeng).
    It is a clipping of 阿哥 (MC 'a ka), a borrowing from Xianbei *aqa (“elder brother”) (Mei, 2015). Compare Proto-Mongolic *aka, whence also Mongolian ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ (ak-a, “elder brother”). Related to 阿干 (MC 'a kan), which is the definite form of the same Xianbei word (Mei, 2015).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gē (ge$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): go$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гә (gə, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): go$^1$ / go$^{1-4}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): go$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): go$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kô
    (Hailu, HRS): go$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): go$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ge$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gó̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): gŏ̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gor$^1$ / go$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ko / ko͘ / koh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): go$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$ku
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): go$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gē
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ge
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^1$
*** Yale: gē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (哥兒 / 哥儿)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gēr
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ger
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: gēr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge'l
*** Palladius: гэр (gɛr)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤɻ⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$哥兒 / 哥儿 歌兒 / 歌儿
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: go$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: go
*** Sinological IPA : /ko⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гә (gə, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: go$^1$ / go$^{1-4}$
*** Yale: gō / gòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: go$^1$ / go$^{1-4}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: go$^1$ / go$^{1-4}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔː⁵⁵/, /kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: go$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kᵘɔ⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: go$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ko⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kô
*** Hakka Romanization System: go$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: go$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ko²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: go$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ko⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: go$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ko⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ge$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /kɤ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gó̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ko⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gor$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒ⁵³³/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: go$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: geo
*** Sinological IPA : /ko⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: go$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɵ⁵³³/
* gor1 - literary (as in 墨西哥);
* go1 - vernacular (as in 大哥 or personal names).
* Middle Chinese: ka
Rime :
| Character | 哥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古俄切 |
| Baxter | ka |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ka/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | go$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 哥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7437 |
| Phonetic component | 可 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 歌 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːl/ |
| Notes | 後作歌 |

### Definitions

哥
* older brother; elder brother
* older male relative of the same generation
* (honorific) term of address for a male person of the same age or older
* Short for 哥斯達黎加／哥斯达黎加 (Gēsīdálíjiā, “Costa Rica”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 歌 (gē, “to sing; song”).

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 兄 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 哥哥, 兄長 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 哥哥, 哥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 哥哥, 哥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 哥哥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 哥哥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 哥哥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 哥哥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 哥哥 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 哥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 哥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 哥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 哥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 阿哥 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 哥哥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 哥哥 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 哥哥, 哥, 阿哥 Hui, >< |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 哥哥, 哥, 哥老倌兒, 哥老倌 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 哥哥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 哥哥, 哥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 哥哥 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 哥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 哥哥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 哥哥, 哥 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 哥哥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 大佬, 阿哥, 哥哥 >< |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 大佬, 阿哥, 哥哥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 哥哥 ><, 大佬 <>, 阿哥 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 哥哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 阿哥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 哥哥 ><, 阿哥 <> |
| Cantonese | Macau | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 阿哥 ><, 大哥, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 阿哥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <>, 哥 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 大佬, 阿哥 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 阿哥, 哥哥, 大佬 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 阿哥, 哥哥, 大佬 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 阿哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 大佬, 哥哥 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 哥哥 ><, 兄 <> |
| Gan | Lichuan | 哥 ><, 兄 <> |
| Hakka | Meixian | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 哥哥 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 阿哥, 哥 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Changting | 老伯 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 老伯 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 老伯哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 哥 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 老伯 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 老伯 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 哥哥, 老伯 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 哥哥 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 哥哥, 老兄 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 老伯 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 老伯 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 哥哥 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 老伯 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 哥哥 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 大佬 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 阿哥, 大佬 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 阿哥, 大哥 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 哥 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 哥 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 阿哥 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 阿哥 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 哥哥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 哥哥, 哥 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 哥仔, 哥哥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 依哥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 哥, 阿哥 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 依哥 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 阿哥 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 阿兄, 阿哥, 兄哥, 俺兄 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 大兄 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 阿哥, 哥, 阿兄, 兄 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 阿兄, 咉兄 <> |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 兄, 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 兄哥 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 大兄 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 阿哥, 兄哥, 兄哥仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 大兄 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 阿哥, 哥, 哥哥 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 阿兄, 大兄 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 阿兄, 哥仔 archaic |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 阿兄 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 兄 ><, 尼兄 <> |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 阿哥 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 阿兄 ><, 阿哥 ><, 兄 <> |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 阿哥 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 阿兄 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 阿兄 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 哥 ><, 大佬 <> |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 阿哥 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 阿哥, 哥哥 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 阿哥 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 阿哥 |
| Wu | Danyang | 哥哥 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 阿哥, 哥哥 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 哥哥, 阿哥 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 阿大, 哥哥 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 哥哥 ><, 哥 <> |
| Xiang | Changsha | 老兄, 哥哥 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 老兄, 哥哥 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 老兄 <>, 哥哥 >< |
| Note | >< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face | >< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face |

### Compounds

* 也麼哥 / 也么哥
* 二哥 (èrgē)
* 二哥大
* 佛來明哥 / 佛来明哥
* 伴哥
* 佛朗哥 (Fólǎnggē)
* 八哥 (bāgē)
* 公子哥兒 / 公子哥儿 (gōngzǐgēr)
* 叫哥哥
* 哥們兒 / 哥们儿 (gēmenr)
* 哥倆好 / 哥俩好
* 哥倫布 / 哥伦布 (Gēlúnbù)
* 哥倫比亞 / 哥伦比亚 (Gēlúnbǐyà)
* 哥兒 / 哥儿 (gēr)
* 哥兒們 / 哥儿们 (gērmen)
* 哥兒倆 / 哥儿俩 (gēr liǎ)
* 哥兒大爺 / 哥儿大爷
* 哥哥
* 哥子
* 哥德式 (gēdéshì)
* 哥白尼 (Gēbáiní)
* 哥窯 / 哥窑
* 哥老會 / 哥老会 (Gēlǎohuì)
* 哥舒翰
* 哥薩克 / 哥萨克 (gēsàkè)
* 堂哥 (tánggē)
* 大哥 (dàgē)
* 大哥大 (dàgēdà)
* 大拇哥 (dàmǔgē)
* 大阿哥
* 奴哥
* 嬌哥兒 / 娇哥儿
* 安哥拉 (Āngēlā)
* 安哥拉兔 (āngēlā tù)
* 安童哥
* 小二哥
* 小哥 (xiǎogē)
* 小哥兒們 / 小哥儿们 (xiǎogērmen)
* 布爾哥尼 / 布尔哥尼
* 帥哥 / 帅哥 (shuàigē)
* 師哥 / 师哥 (shīgē)
* 愛八哥兒 / 爱八哥儿
* 挑大拇哥
* 摩洛哥 (Móluògē)
* 摩納哥 / 摩纳哥 (Mónàgē)
* 斑哥
* 木伴哥
* 柏青哥
* 歪哥 (wāigē)
* 波哥大 (Bōgēdà)
* 溫哥華 / 温哥华 (Wēngēhuá)
* 特哥大
* 牽豬哥 / 牵猪哥
* 老哥 (lǎogē)
* 老哥兒們 / 老哥儿们
* 老哥兒倆 / 老哥儿俩
* 老哥哥
* 老大哥 (lǎodàgē)
* 耶律休哥
* 聖地牙哥 / 圣地牙哥 (Shèngdìyágē)
* 胖哥
* 膝頭哥 / 膝头哥
* 芝加哥 (Zhījiāgē)
* 蒙哥 (Ménggē)
* 蒙哥馬利 / 蒙哥马利 (Ménggēmǎlì)
* 表哥 (biǎogē)
* 袍哥
* 酷哥
* 鐵哥們 / 铁哥们
* 阿三哥
* 阿兵哥 (ābīnggē)
* 阿哥
* 阿哥哥 (āgēgē)
* 鸚哥 / 鹦哥 (yīnggē)
* 鸚哥綠 / 鹦哥绿 (yīnggēlǜ)
* 墨西哥 (Mòxīgē)
* 墨西哥城 (Mòxīgēchéng)
* 墨西哥灣 / 墨西哥湾 (Mòxīgē Wān)
* 鼻哥

### Descendants

* → Thai: โก (goo, “older brother”) (typically said by ethnic Chinese)

### References

* “哥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “哥”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 126.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages
* Alternative form of 歌 (“sing, singing”)
* elder brother

#### Readings

* Go-on: か (ka)
* Kan-on: か (ka)
* Tō-on: こ (ko)
* Kun: あに (ani, 哥)、にい (nii, 哥)、うた (uta, 哥)、うたう (utau, 哥う)

#### Compounds

* 哥(うた)沢(ざわ) (utazawa)
* 哥(か)窯(よう) (Kayō)
* 哥(か)老(ろう)会(かい) (Karōkai)
* 哥里米汗(クリムハン)国(こく) (kurimuhankoku)
* 鸚(いん)哥(こ) (inko)
* 哥(コ)倫(ロン)比(ビ)亜(ア) (Koronbia)
* 八(ハッ)哥(カ)鳥(チョウ) (hakkachō), 哥(は)哥(は)鳥(ちょう) (hahachō)
* 墨(メキ)西(シ)哥(コ) (Mekishiko)

## Korean
### Hanja

哥 (eumhun 성씨 가 (seongssi ga))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

哥: Hán Nôm readings: ca, kha
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.