# 英

| 英 | U+82F1, &#33521; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82F1 |
| ← 苰 [U+82F0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 苲 → [U+82F2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

英 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿中月大 (TLBK), four-corner 4453$_0$, composition ⿱艹央)

#### Derived characters

* 偀, 𠸄, 𡎘, 媖, 㡕, 渶, 愥, 暎, 朠, 楧, 煐, 瑛, 䁐, 碤, 䊔, 緓(绬), 蝧, 鍈(锳), 韺, 䭊
* 䣐, 㲟, 䚆, 鶧, 𩤯, 𪃳, 霙, 㢍, 䦫

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30808
* Dae Jaweon: page 1484, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3192, character 1
* Unihan data for U+82F1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 鴦 | *qaːŋ, *qaŋ |
| 佒 | *qaːŋ |
| 咉 | *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ |
| 眏 | *qaːŋ |
| 姎 | *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ |
| 坱 | *qaːŋʔ |
| 映 | *qaːŋʔ, *qraŋs |
| 泱 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋ |
| 盎 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs |
| 駚 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋʔ |
| 軮 | *qaːŋʔ |
| 醠 | *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs |
| 央 | *qaŋ |
| 秧 | *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ |
| 殃 | *qaŋ |
| 鞅 | *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs |
| 鉠 | *qaŋ, *qraŋ |
| 雵 | *qaŋ |
| 胦 | *qaŋ, *qroːŋ |
| 柍 | *qaŋʔ |
| 詇 | *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs, *qraŋs |
| 岟 | *qaŋʔ |
| 炴 | *qaŋʔ |
| 怏 | *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs |
| 紻 | *qaŋʔ |
| 英 | *qraŋ |
| 瑛 | *qraŋ |
| 霙 | *qraŋ |
| 韺 | *qraŋ |
| 媖 | *qraŋ |
| 渶 | *qraŋ |
| 鶧 | *qraŋ |
| 楧 | *qraŋ |
| 暎 | *qraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qraŋ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ).

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. There are several possibilities:
* Of Sino-Tibetan origin, related to Mizo ân (“to open the mouth to receive food, to open to”), âng (“to open (mouth), to gape with open mouth”); if so, this word would come from the idea of an open flower (Schuessler, 2007);
* Related to Mizo êng (“light”), ên (“to shine, to give light, bright, brilliant”) (Schuessler, 2007);
* Related to Proto-Bahnaric *ʔaːŋ (“bright”) (from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cʔaiŋ (“light, to shine”)), which may be also/instead related to 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) (Schuessler, 2007);
* Related to 秧 (OC *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, “rice seedling”) (Sagart, 2011).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yīng (ying$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йин (yin, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jing$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yen$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): in$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yîn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yin$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ing$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): éng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iaⁿ / eng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): êng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$in
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ying
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^1$
*** Yale: yīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yin$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йин (yin, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^1$
*** Yale: yīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jen³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: in$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: in$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /in²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)in$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /in⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /iŋ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: éng
*** Sinological IPA : /eiŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ing$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ing
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: iann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: viaf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iã³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng
*** Tâi-lô: ing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: efng
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /iɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
* iaⁿ - vernacular;
* eng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit英 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /iŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /iŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /iŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /iə̃⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /iŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ĩn³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /iŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /in⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /in⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /in⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ĩ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /in³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /in²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iəŋ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /iŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ĩŋ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /iŋ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /in⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔin³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠aŋ³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /iʌ̃³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /iɛ¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /in³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /in³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /in⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /in⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /in²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jeŋ⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jeŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /iŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /eiŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /eŋ³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /eŋ²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'jaeng
Rime :
| Character | 英 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於驚切 |
| Baxter | 'jaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ<r>aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qraŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 英 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔ<r>aŋ/ |
| English | young grass plants |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 英 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14510 |
| Phonetic component | 央 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 霙 |
| Old Chinese | /*qraŋ/ |

#### Definitions

英
* (literary) flower; blossom
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Bǐjì zhīzǐ, měi rú yīng. [Pinyin]
    That one is as beautiful as a flower.
    From: 421, Tao Yuanming, 桃花源記 (The Peach Blossom Spring)
    Hū féng táohuā lín, jiā àn shù bǎi bù, zhōng wú zá shù, fāngcǎo xiānměi, luò yīng bīnfēn. [Pinyin]
    Suddenly, he came upon a forest of peach blossoms stretching for several hundred paces along both banks of the waterway. There were no stray trees mixed among them. There was a fresh and pleasing scent of fragrant grass. Fallen peach blossoms were scattered about in abundance.
* (of a person) outstanding
    英才 ― yīngcái ― person of outstanding ability
    英姿 ― yīngzī ― heroic bearing
* fine; excellent
    英名 ― yīngmíng ― illustrious name
* (literary) finest part; quintessence
    含英咀華／含英咀华 ― hányīngjǔhuá ― to savour the merits of a literary work
* hero; outstanding person
    群英 ― qúnyīng ― ensemble of talents
* (obsolete) panache on a lance
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Érmáo chóng yīng [Pinyin]
    The two lances' panaches flourished doubly
* a surname
    英布 ― Yīng Bù ― Ying Bu (warlord and vassal king who lived in the early Han dynasty)

#### Compounds

* 一世英名
* 三英 (sānyīng)
* 二噁英 / 二𫫇英 (èr'èyīng)
* 仇英
* 作育英才
* 勝英 / 胜英 (Shèngyīng)
* 含英
* 含英咀華 / 含英咀华 (hányīngjǔhuá)
* 咀英嚼華 / 咀英嚼华
* 天縱英明 / 天纵英明
* 女英 (Nǚyīng)
* 宗英
* 巾幗英雄 / 巾帼英雄 (jīnguóyīngxióng)
* 張谷英 / 张谷英 (Zhānggǔyīng)
* 武英殿
* 民族英雄 (mínzú yīngxióng)
* 海英 (Hǎiyīng)
* 無名英雄 / 无名英雄 (wúmíngyīngxióng)
* 玄英
* 王英 (Wángyīng)
* 玉英
* 瑤英 / 瑶英
* 瓊英 / 琼英
* 痛失英才
* 白英 (báiyīng)
* 百卉含英
* 石英 (shíyīng)
* 石英岩
* 石英玻璃
* 石英錶 / 石英表 (shíyīngbiǎo)
* 神采英拔
* 精英 (jīngyīng)
* 精英樹 / 精英树
* 紫石英 (zǐshíyīng)
* 紫雲英 / 紫云英
* 群英 (qúnyīng)
* 群英會 / 群英会
* 耆英 (qíyīng)
* 舜英
* 英仙座 (Yīngxiānzuò)
* 英俊 (yīngjùn)
* 英傑 / 英杰 (yīngjié)
* 英儒
* 英勇 (yīngyǒng)
* 英勇善戰 / 英勇善战
* 英勇無敵 / 英勇无敌
* 英勇雄壯 / 英勇雄壮
* 英名 (yīngmíng)
* 英姿 (yīngzī)
* 英姿煥發 / 英姿焕发
* 英姿邁往 / 英姿迈往
* 英姿颯爽 / 英姿飒爽
* 英媛
* 茂實英聲 / 茂实英声
* 英尋 / 英寻 (yīngxún)
* 英山 (Yīngshān)
* 英布
* 英年 (yīngnián)
* 英德 (Yīngdé)
* 英才 (yīngcái)
* 英才俊偉 / 英才俊伟
* 英拔
* 英挺 (yīngtǐng)
* 英明 (yīngmíng)
* 英明睿智
* 英武 (yīngwǔ)
* 英毅
* 英氣 / 英气 (yīngqì)
* 英氣勃勃 / 英气勃勃
* 英氣逼人 / 英气逼人
* 英氣風發 / 英气风发
* 英烈 (yīngliè)
* 英烈千秋
* 英爽
* 英物
* 英特
* 英特邁往 / 英特迈往
* 英發 / 英发
* 英皇 (yīnghuáng)
* 英石
* 英聲 / 英声
* 英聲茂實 / 英声茂实
* 英英 (yīngyīng)
* 若英
* 英華 / 英华
* 英豪 (yīngháo)
* 英銳 / 英锐
* 英雄 (yīngxióng)
* 英雄主義 / 英雄主义
* 英雄入彀
* 英雄好漢 / 英雄好汉 (yīngxiónghǎohàn)
* 英雄所見略同 / 英雄所见略同 (yīngxióng suǒjiànlüètóng)
* 英雄本色
* 英雄末路
* 英雄樹 / 英雄树
* 英雄氣短 / 英雄气短
* 英雄無用武之地 / 英雄无用武之地 (yīngxióng wú yòngwǔ zhī dì)
* 英雄短氣 / 英雄短气
* 英雄豪傑 / 英雄豪杰 (yīngxióngháojié)
* 英靈 / 英灵 (yīnglíng)
* 英風 / 英风
* 英風偉烈 / 英风伟烈
* 英風宛在 / 英风宛在
* 英風義氣 / 英风义气
* 英髦
* 英魂 (yīnghún)
* 草莽英雄
* 菁英 (jīngyīng)
* 菁英分子
* 落英 (luòyīng)
* 蒲公英 (púgōngyīng)
* 蘭英 / 兰英 (Lányīng)
* 蜚英騰茂 / 蜚英腾茂
* 豪英
* 雲英 / 云英
* 雲英未嫁 / 云英未嫁
* 颯爽英姿 / 飒爽英姿
* 黑英山 (Hēiyīngshān)

### Etymology 2

Short form of 英吉利 (Yīngjílì, “England”) or 英格蘭 / 英格兰 (Yīnggélán, “England”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīng (ying$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jing$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yen$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yîn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yin$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): eng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): êng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$in
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ying
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^1$
*** Yale: yīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^1$
*** Yale: yīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jen³³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: in$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /in²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)in$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /in⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng
*** Tâi-lô: ing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: efng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: êng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eng
*** Sinological IPA : /eŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$in
*** MiniDict: in$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$in
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵³/

#### Definitions

英
* (short form) Britain, United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)
    英軍／英军 ― yīngjūn ― British Armed Forces
* (short form) English language
    中英數／中英数 [Cantonese] ― zung$^1$ jing$^1$ sou$^3$ [Jyutping] ― Chinese, English and mathematics
** 2016, Batman Sir, 《90後教師血淚史》, Hong Kong: 小明文創, →ISBN, page 51:
       lei$^5$ lik$^6$ biu$^2$ zung$^1$ ding$^6$ jing$^1$? [Jyutping]
       Should my CV be Chinese or English?
* (in compounds) imperial (relating to the British imperial system of measurement)
    英寸 ― yīngcùn ― inch

#### Compounds

* 大英國協 / 大英国协 (Dà Yīngguó Xié)
* 大英帝國 / 大英帝国 (Dàyīng Dìguó)
* 新英格蘭 / 新英格兰 (Xīn Yīnggélán)
* 英中 (yīngzhōng)
* 英倫 / 英伦 (Yīnglún)
* 英兩 / 英两 (yīngliǎng)
* 英制 (yīngzhì)
* 英吉利 (Yīngjílì)
* 英噸 / 英吨 (yīngdūn)
* 英國 / 英国 (Yīngguó)
* 英國國教 / 英国国教
* 英國管 / 英国管 (yīngguóguǎn)
* 英女王 (Yīngnǚwáng)
* 英女皇 (Yīngnǚhuáng)
* 英寸 (yīngcùn)
* 英尺 (yīngchǐ)
* 英文 (Yīngwén)
* 英格蘭 / 英格兰 (Yīnggélán)
* 英法聯軍 / 英法联军
* 英王 (yīngwáng)
* 英畝 / 英亩 (yīngmǔ)
* 英皇 (yīnghuáng)
* 英石
* 英磅 (Yīngbàng)
* 英語 / 英语 (Yīngyǔ)
* 英語民族 / 英语民族
* 英里 (yīnglǐ, “mile”)
* 英鎊 / 英镑 (Yīngbàng)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīng (ying$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ying
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^1$
*** Yale: yīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
*** Palladius: ин (in)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^1$
*** Yale: yīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

英
* Used in transcription.

#### Compounds

* 英也爾 / 英也尔 (Yīngyě'ěr)
* 英吉沙 (Yīngjíshā)
* 英吾斯塘 (Yīngwúsītáng)
* 英巴格 (Yīngbāgé)
* 英艾日克 (Yīng'àirìkè)
* 英買里 (Yīngmǎilǐ)
* 英阿瓦提 (Yīng'āwǎtí)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): eng
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng
*** Tâi-lô: ing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: efng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

英
* (Hokkien) Alternative form of 塕 (eng, “(of dust, sand, etc.) to rise and permeate; to fill the air or get onto something”)
** 2022, “目睛有沙”, 李岩修 (lyrics), 徐嘉良 (music)‎performed by 吳木 and 田顏玫:
       góa bô háu, sī góa ba̍k-chiu eng-tio̍h soa [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* English
* flower, petal
* hero

#### Readings

* Go-on: よう (yō)
* Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō)、え (e)
* Kun: はなぶさ (hanabusa, 英)、はな (hana, 英)、ひいでる (hīderu, 英でる)
* Nanori: ひで (hide)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 英
* えい Grade: 4
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 英 (MC 'jaeng).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えー [éꜜè] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [e̞ː]

### Proper noun

英(えい) • (Ei)
* Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu).: Britain, United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)

### Affix

英(えい) • (ei)
* Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu).: Britain, United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)
* Short for 英語 (eigo, “English (language)”).
* outstanding; outstanding person
* flower; calyx

#### Derived terms

* 英(えい)気(き) (eiki)
* 英(えい)語(ご) (eigo)
* 英(えい)国(こく) (eikoku)
* 英(えい)和(わ) (eiwa)
* 英(えい)断(だん) (eidan)
* 英(えい)知(ち) (eichi)
* 英(えい)智(ち) (Eichi)
* 英(えい)文(ぶん) (eibun)
* 英(えい)雄(ゆう) (eiyū)
* 英(えい)里(り) (eiri)
* 英(えい)霊(れい) (eirei)
* 石(せき)英(えい) (sekiei)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 英 (MC 'jaeng).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅙᅧᇰ (Yale: qyèng) | ᅙᅧᇰ (Yale: qyèng) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 곳부리 (Yale: kwòspwùlì) | 여ᇰ (Yale: yèng) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [jʌ̹ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [영]

### Hanja

Wikisource 英 (eumhun 꽃부리 영 (kkotburi yeong))
* hanja form of 영 : Britain, United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe) (in compounds, in news media)
* hanja form of 영 (“petal”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 영국 (英國, yeongguk)
* 영어 (英語, yeong'eo)
* 영웅 (英雄, yeong'ung)
* 영위 (英偉, yeong'wi)
* 영재 (英才, yeongjae)

### Proper noun

* Hanja in this term
* 英
英 • (Yeong) (hangeul 영)
* (in headlines) Short for 英(영)國(국) (Yeongguk).: Britain, United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)

#### Usage notes

In news headlines, this is often written in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

英: Hán Việt readings: anh, Anh
英: Nôm readings: anh, yêng

### Noun

英 • (anh)
* chữ Hán form of Anh.:
** United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)
** Great Britain (a large island of the United Kingdom in Northern Europe)
** England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)
** the English language
* chữ Nôm form of anh (“older brother”).

### References

* Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)