# English
## English
### Alternative forms

* Inglish (dated, rare)
* Englishe (archaic)
* (spin): english (US)
* (render into English): english (dated, rare)

### Etymology

From Middle English Englisch, English, Inglis, from Old English Englisċ (“of the Angles; English”), from Engle (“the Angles”), a Germanic tribe +‎ -isċ; equivalent to Engle +‎ -ish. Compare West Frisian Ingelsk, Scots Inglis (older ynglis), Dutch Engels, Danish engelsk, Old French Englesche (whence French anglais), German englisch, Spanish inglés, all ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow”) (compare Sanskrit अंहु (áṃhu, “narrow”), अंहस् (áṃhas, “anxiety, sin”), Latin angustus (“narrow”), Old Church Slavonic ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ, “narrow”)).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/, (non-standard) /ˈɪŋɡəlɪʃ/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/, (also) /ˈɪŋlɪʃ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈɪŋɡləʃ/
* Hyphenation: Eng‧lish
* Rhymes: -ɪŋɡlɪʃ

### Adjective

English (comparative more English, superlative most English)
* Of or pertaining to England.
** 1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. I:During the war of 1914–18 the English working class were in contact with foreigners to an extent that is rarely possible. The sole result was that they brought back a hatred of all Europeans, except the Germans, whose courage they admired.
* English-language; of or pertaining to the language, descended from Anglo-Saxon, which developed in England.
    Those immigrants Anglicised their names to make them sound more English.
** 2020, Abi Daré, The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre, page 187:Honest, honest, English is just a language of confusions.
* Of or pertaining to the people of England (e.g. Englishmen and Englishwomen).
** 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.
* Of or pertaining to the avoirdupois system of measure.
    an English ton
* (Amish) Non-Amish, so named for speaking English rather than a variety of German.
* (film, television) Denoting a vertical orientation of the barn doors on a camera.
    Coordinate term: Chinese

#### Synonyms

* (related to England): southron (Scots)

#### Hyponyms

* Anglish

#### Derived terms

* English Foxhound
* English sweat
* full English
* full English breakfast
* non-English
* un-English
* white English bulldog

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

English (countable and uncountable, plural English or Englishes)
* (in the plural) The people of England, e.g., Englishmen and Englishwomen.
** 1979, Stormont Mancroft, Bees in Some Bonnets, p. 175:
    Cricket—a game which the English, not being a spiritual people, have invented in order to give themselves some conception of eternity.
    The English and the ROTW have a long history of conflict, periodically interrupted for tea.
* (Amish, in the plural) The non-Amish, people outside the Amish faith and community.
* The language that developed in England and is now used in many places, in several varieties; it is one of the West Germanic languages.
    She speaks English, French, and German. English is her first language.
    English is a world language: it is widely used in dozens of countries and is studied in at least a hundred more.
* (uncountable) Facility with the English language, ability to employ English correctly and idiomatically.
    Sorry, my English isn't very good. I wish I had better English.
* (uncountable) A particular instance of the English language, including:
** The English term or expression for some thing or idea.
    What's the English for 'à peu près'? It depends: how is it being used?
** The English text or phrasing of some spoken or written communication.
    The specs are all correct, but the English in the instructions isn't as clear as it should be.
** A clear and readily understandable expression of some idea in English.
*** 1994, Brannon Braga, Ronald D. Moore, “All Good Things...”, in Star Trek: The Next Generation, season 7, episodes 25-26, Brent Spiner and Gates McFadden (actors):Data: I have completed my analysis of the anomaly. It appears to be a multi-phasic temporal convergence in the space-time continuum. Dr. Crusher: In English, Data.
    Thank you, doctor. Now, please say that again in English.
** Synonym of language arts, the class dedicated to improving primary and secondary school students' mastery of English and the material taught in such classes.
*** 2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes, volume 35, →DOI, page 109:This reflects that in English, students learn a range of text types, such as procedures, editorials, poetry, and not just academic essays.
    I loved reading until 7th grade English.
* (printing, dated) A size of type between pica (12 point) and great primer (18 point), standardized as 14-point.
* (uncountable, Canada, US) Alternative form of english.
    You are putting too much English on the ball.

#### Usage notes

* The use of the plural form Englishes occurred in early modern English but is only seldom and exceptionally encountered in contemporary English. As with other collective demonyms, English is preceded by the definite article or some other determiner when referring to the people of England collectively.

#### Synonyms

* (English people): southrons (Scots)
* (type size): (German contexts) Mittel, (French contexts) Augustin

#### Coordinate terms

* (sidespin): draw, follow

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Proper noun

English (countable and uncountable, plural Englishes)
* The language originating in England but now spoken in all parts of the British Isles, the Commonwealth of Nations, North America, and other parts of the world.
    Hyponyms: see Thesaurus:English language
    English is spoken here as an unofficial language and lingua franca.
    How do you say ‘à peu près’ in English?
** 2020 December 4, Ligaya Mishan, “The Appealing and Potentially Lethal Delicacy That Is Fugu”, in The New York Times Style Magazine‎:Westerners have never quite understood the reverence in Japan for fugu, alternately known in English as puffer fish, globefish or blowfish, of the family Tetraodontidae.
* A variety, dialect, or idiolect of spoken and or written English.
** 2003, Amy Tan, “Mother Tongue”, in The Opposite of Fate: Memories of a Writing Life, page 278:I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English I spoke to my mother, which for lack of a better term might be described as “simple”; the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”; my translation of her Chinese, which could certainly be described as “watered down”; and what I imagined to be her translation of her Chinese if she could speak in perfect English, her internal language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure.
* English language, literature, composition as a subject of study
* An English surname originally denoting a non-Celtic or non-Danish person in Britain.
* A male or female given name.
* A number of places in the United States:
** A town, the county seat of Crawford County, Indiana; named for Indiana statesman William Hayden English.
** An unincorporated community in Carroll County, Kentucky.
** An unincorporated community in Brazoria County, Texas.
** An unincorporated community in Red River County, Texas.
** An unincorporated community in McDowell County, West Virginia.

#### Usage notes

(language spoken in British Isles, North America, etc.):
* As with the names of almost all languages, English, when it means "the English language", does not usually require an article. Hence: "Say it in plain English!"

#### Hypernyms

(language spoken in British Isles, North America, etc.):
* language

#### Meronyms

See also Thesaurus:English language
(language spoken in British Isles, North America, etc.):
* Standard English
(diachronic)
* Middle English, Medieval English
** Early Middle English, early Middle English
** Late Middle English, late Middle English
* New English, Modern English
** Early New English, Early Modern English
** Late Modern English

#### Derived terms

* does anyone here speak English
* do you have a menu in English
* do you speak English
* how do you say … in English
* I don't speak English
* King's English
* Maoist Standard English
* Queen's English

#### Descendants

* → Cherokee: ᎩᎵᏏ (gilisi)
* → Maori: Ingarihi
* → Ukrainian: і́нгліш (ínhliš) (referring to the English language as a school subject)

#### Translations
### Verb

English (third-person singular simple present Englishes, present participle Englishing, simple past and past participle Englished)
* (transitive; archaic or rare) To translate, adapt or render into English.
** 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:, page 214 (2001 reprint):
    […] severe prohibuit viris suis tum misceri feminas in consuetis suis menstruis, etc. I spare to English this which I have said.
** 1901, The Speaker, the Liberal Review - Volume 3, page 654:Mamma is an adaptation of a French farce by Mr. Sydney Grundy, made in the time when his chief claim to recognition as a playwright lay in his ingenious aptitude for Englishing the un-Englishable.
** 2011, Colin Cheney, 'Where Should I Start with Tomas Tranströmer?':
    Here, the poems are Englished by twelve different translators
* (transitive; archaic or rare) To make English; to claim for England.
** 1880, Robert Browning, “Clive”, in Dramatic Idylls: Second Series‎, page 12, lines 7–8:While the man Clive—he fought Plassy, spoiled the clever foreign game, Conquered and annexed and Englished!

#### Derived terms

* Englished

### Derived terms

* A user suggests that this English entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “Move to adjective and noun”.
* Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.
* Aboriginal English
* African-American English
* African American Vernacular English
* Alaskan English
* Amerenglish
* American English
* Anglo-English
* Anglo-Indian English
* Antarctic English
* anti-English
* Appalachian English
* Arabish
* Attempto Controlled English
* Austral English
* Australian English
* babu English
* Bahamian English
* Bajan English
* Bangladeshi English
* Banglish
* Barbadian English
* Basic English
* BBC English
* Bearer English
* Belizean English
* Benglish
* Bermudian English
* Black English
* Black English Vernacular
* body English
* Bonglish
* borough English
* Britglish
* British English
* Britlish
* Brunei English
* business English
* Butler English
* Cajun English
* Cameroonian English
* Cameroonian Pidgin English
* Canadian English
* carabao English
* Caribbean English
* Ceylonese English
* Channel Island English
* Chinese English
* Chinese pidgin English
* Chinglish
* Classical English
* Commonwealth English
* Czechlish
* Czenglish
* Danglish
* double English
* Dunglish
* Early English
* Early Modern English
* Early New English
* Edited English
* Elizabethan English
* Engleutsch
* Englified
* Englishable
* English as afternoon tea
* English as apple pie
* English basement
* English billiards
* English Bluebell
* English bond
* English breakfast
* English breakfast tea
* English broom
* English bunt
* English cadence
* English Canada
* English Canadian
* English-Canadian
* English Carrier
* English chamomile
* English Channel
* English cholera
* English cocker spaniel
* English covenants
* English-cut
* English daisy
* English disease
* English elm
* English English
* Englisher
* English fever
* English flute
* English garden
* English green
* English Harbour
* English holly
* Englishhood
* English horn
* English hornist
* Englishification
* Englishified
* Englishify
* Englishise
* Englishish
* Englishism
* englishite
* Englishization
* Englishize
* English knot
* English Lake
* English Latin
* English lavender
* English-lexifier
* Englishly
* Englishman
* English-medium
* English mercury
* English Midlands
* English mile
* English muffin
* Englishness
* English oak
* English Opening
* English oregano
* English pale
* English partridge
* English pea
* English pease
* Englishperson
* English plantain
* English pleasure
* English Plus
* English rhubarb
* English riding
* English rose
* Englishry
* English saddle
* English Shepherd
* English sonnet
* English sparrow
* English-speaking
* English strong ale
* English studies
* English toffee
* English Toy Terrier
* English walnut
* English wheat
* English wheel
* Englishwoman
* Englishy
* English yew
* Engrish
* Estuary English
* European English
* Falkland Islands English
* Fenglish
* Filipino English
* Finglish
* French and English
* Frenglish
* Germish
* Germlish
* Gibraltarian English
* Globish
* Googlish
* Greeklish
* Hebrish
* Hiberno-English
* Hindish
* Hindlish
* Hinglish
* Hong Kong English
* Hunglish
* I am English
* Indian English
* Indish
* Irish English
* Jamaican English
* Janglish
* Japanese English
* Japanglish
* Japlish
* Jenglish
* Jewish English
* Kanglish
* Kenyan English
* Kitchen English
* Kongish
* Konglish
* Korean English
* Late Modern English
* Liberian English
* Louisiana Regional English
* Malawian English
* Malaysian English
* Malenglish
* Maltese English
* Manglish
* Manx English
* Medieval English
* Miami English
* Middle English
* Modern English
* Multicultural London English
* Namibian English
* Namlish
* Nepalese English
* Netlish
* New English
* Newfoundland English
* New Zealand English
* Nigerian English
* Nihonglish
* North American English
* Northern England English
* Northern English
* Northern Irish English
* Olde English Bulldogge
* Old English
* old English Carrier
* Old English Sheepdog
* Pakistani English
* Penglish
* Pennsylvania Dutch English
* Philippine English
* pidgin English
* Pidgin Signed English
* Pinglish
* Pinoy English
* Polglish
* Ponglish
* pseudo English
* pseudo-English
* Rock English
* Rohingyalish
* Runglish
* Russlish
* Sandalwood English
* Scots English
* Scottish English
* Sheng
* Sherfield English (toponym)
* simple English
* Singaporean English
* Singapore English
* Singlish
* Solombala English
* South African English
* Southern American English
* Spanglish
* Sri Lankan English
* Standard American English
* Standard English
* Swenglish
* Taglish
* Taiwanglish
* Tamlish
* Tanglish
* Tenglish
* Texan English
* Thaiglish
* Tinglish
* Trinidadian and Tobagonian English
* two-line English
* Ugandan English
* Uglish
* Ulster English
* United States English
* Urdish
* Urglish
* Wardour Street English
* Weblish
* Welsh English
* Wenglish
* world English
* Yeshiva English
* Yidglish
* Yinglish
* Zimblish

### See also

* English on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* English language on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* English literature on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* English studies on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* English people on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Wiktionary’s coverage of English terms

### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:English.

### Further reading

* “English”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* ISO 639-1 code en, ISO 639-3 code eng (SIL)
* Ethnologue entry for English, eng ⁠

### Anagrams

* Hingles, shingle