# cum
## English
### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin cum (“with”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʌm/, /kʊm/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌm, -ʊm

#### Preposition

cum
* Used in indicating a thing or person which has two or more roles, functions, or natures, or which has changed from one to another.
    He built a bus-cum-greenhouse that made a bold statement, but the plants in it didn't live very long.
    But instead of being a salesperson cum barista cum waitress merely serving the wordsmiths, I'm one of them, reading her latest baby out loud.
** 1926-1950, George Bernard Shaw, Collected Letters: 1926-1950‎, University of California/Viking, published 1985, page 31:He is too good an actor to need that sort of tomfoolery: the effect will be far better if he is a credible mining camp elder-cum-publican.
** 1944 May and June, “Notes and News: The Snailbeach District Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 183:One driver-cum-fireman-cum-fitter looks after the three locomotives, [...].
** 2001 Nov/Dec, David Sachs, “LET THEM EAT BITS”, in American Spectator, volume 34, number 8, page 78:The banner shows a yellowed silhouette of a boy (possibly Calvin, of Calvin & Hobbes) urinating on an EU flag. Sites such as this show the full power of the Internet as a propaganda medium cum travel service cum organizing tool. Oh, and nightlife directory.
** 2023 February 5, Kathryn Parsons, “Boom times are back in San Francisco’s tech mecca”, in The Sunday Times‎:Coffee shops-cum-meeting-spots dotted across the city are teeming (Equator, Blue Bottle and Saint Frank). Caffeine-fuelled, lactose-intolerant, macadamia milk latte-drinking young folk are journalling, manifesting, coding, ChatGPT-ing and pitching their ideas.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:cum.

##### Usage notes

Also used in some British place names and civil parish names, see table below
* Aldringham cum Thorpe
* Ash-cum-Ridley
* Burton-cum-Walden
* Chorlton-cum-Hardy
* Clapham cum Newby
* Elloughton-cum-Brough
* Hannah cum Hagnaby
* Headon cum Upton
* Holywell-cum-Needingworth
* Ilton-cum-Pott
* Kelsale cum Carlton
* Langar cum Barnstone
* Messing-cum-Inworth
* Raithby cum Maltby
* Shaw cum Donnington
* Stone-cum-Ebony
* Suffield-cum-Everley
* Sutton cum Duckmanton
* Warmfield cum Heath
* Woodford cum Membris

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Variant of come, attested (in the basic sense "come, move from further to nearer, arrive") since Old English. The sexual sense of come is attested since the 1650s. In this sense and spelling, attested from 1970s.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʌm/, enPR: kŭm
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌm
* Homophone: come

#### Noun

cum (uncountable)
* (colloquial, often vulgar) Semen.
    Synonyms: jizz, (chiefly UK) spunk, (US) spooge, nut, skeet, junk; see also Thesaurus:semen
** 1977, John Rechy, The Sexual Outlaw, New York: Dell, →ISBN, page 73:Jim descends into the murky tunnel; the faint odor of cum permeates the air.
** 1989 December 24, Read Weaver, “Queers For Years”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 24, page 9:Licking a friend's cum off another friend's belly.
** 2014, Norm Macdonald Live, season 2, episode 3, spoken by Norm Macdonald:This week I learned that cum tastes like nickels.
* (colloquial, often vulgar) Female ejaculatory discharge.
* (colloquial, often vulgar) An ejaculation.

##### Derived terms

* cumball
* cumbrain
* cumbrained
* cumbucket
* cum catcher
* cum corner
* cum cow
* cumdrunk
* cumdump
* cum dumpster
* cumflate
* cumflation
* cum gutters
* cumguzzler
* cum guzzler
* cumhole
* cumhungry
* cumlike
* cumload
* cummer
* cummie
* cummy
* cumrag
* cum receptacle
* cumshot
* cumsicle
* cumskin
* cumslut
* cumsoaked
* cum-soaked
* cumsock
* cumstain
* cum swapping
* cumthirsty
* cum towel
* cum tribute
* cumwad
* cumwhore
* girlcum
* precum

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

cum (third-person singular simple present cums, present participle cumming, simple past came or (nonstandard) cummed, past participle come or cum or (nonstandard) cummed)
* (slang, often vulgar) To have an orgasm, to feel the sensation of an orgasm.
    Synonym: climax
    Despite claims to the contrary, a woman can cum from anal sex alone.
* (slang, often vulgar) To ejaculate.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ejaculate
    Some men cum as much as 10 milliliters.
** 1997 July 14, “Visits, Conjugal, and Otherwise”, in Oz, season 1, episode 2, spoken by Augustus Hill (Harold Perrineau):I got no sensation down there, so I don't know when I'm hard, I don't know when I cum. My wife's gotta tell me.
** 2019, “All Humans Too Late”, in The Book of Traps and Lessons, performed by Kae Tempest:Sucking on pork ribs and summoning pornography / So that we can cum when we fuck / Our partners don’t know us / Our families are strangers
* Eye dialect spelling of come (“move from further to nearer; arrive”).
** 1882, William Makepeace Thayer, From Log-Cabin to White House, page 162:“Where'd he cum from?” the bowman inquired. “That's what we'd like ter know, yer see; where he cum from, and how he happen'd to cum,” responded the steersman. “But he's a jolly good feller, strong as a lion, […] ”

##### Usage notes

Many style guides and editors recommend the spelling come for verb uses (to orgasm/to ejaculate) while strictly allowing the spelling cum for the noun (semen/female ejaculatory discharge). Both spellings are sometimes found in either the noun or verb sense, however. Others prefer to distinguish in formality, using come for any formal usage and cum only in slang, erotic or pornographic contexts.
The past tense and past participle variant cummed is used when the verb is felt as a denominal from the noun rather than a specialized sense of the verb come.

##### Translations
### Etymology 3
#### Adjective

cum (not comparable)
* Clipping of cumulative.

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

cum (uncountable)
* Abbreviation of cubic metre.
    The density of cement is 1440 kg/cum.

### References

* 1 2 “cum”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* 1 2 “cum”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
* 1 2 “cum”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “cum”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ Glossophilia

### Anagrams

* CMU, MCU, MUC, UMC

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* cumu

### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *quomo, from Latin quōmodo.

### Adverb

cum
* how

### Conjunction

cum
* how

## Eastern Cham
### Alternative forms

* ꨌꨭꩌ

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /cum/

### Verb

cum
* to kiss
* to smell (something)

## Galician
### Noun

cum m (feminine cumha or cuma, masculine plural cums, feminine plural cumhas or cumas)
* reintegrationist spelling of cun

### References

* “cum” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish cummaid (“fashions, shapes, composes, determines; makes, creates, devises”), from cummae (“act of cutting, carving, hacking, destroying, butchering; act of shaping, fashioning, composing; shape, form, appearance”) (compare modern cuma).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Galway) IPA: /kuːmˠ/
* (Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /kʊmˠ/

### Verb

cum (present analytic cumann, future analytic cumfaidh, verbal noun cumadh, past participle cumtha) (ambitransitive)
* to form (give shape)
* to compose (construct by mental labor; to think up)
* to invent, make up, coin
* to concoct (contrive something using skill or ingenuity)
* to manufacture, fabricate (a story, excuse etc.)

#### Inflection

| verbal noun | cumadh | cumadh | cumadh | cumadh | cumadh | cumadh | cumadh | cumadh |
| past participle | cumtha | cumtha | cumtha | cumtha | cumtha | cumtha | cumtha | cumtha |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | cumaim | cumann tú; cumair$^†$ | cumann sé, sí | cumaimid | cumann sibh | cumann siad; cumaid$^†$ | a chumann; a chumas / a gcumann* | cumtar |
| past | chum mé; chumas | chum tú; chumais | chum sé, sí | chumamar; chum muid | chum sibh; chumabhair | chum siad; chumadar | a chum / ar chum* | cumadh |
| past habitual | chumainn / gcumainn‡‡ | chumtá / gcumtá‡‡ | chumadh sé, sí / gcumadh sé, sí‡‡ | chumaimis; chumadh muid / gcumaimis‡‡; gcumadh muid‡‡ | chumadh sibh / gcumadh sibh‡‡ | chumaidís; chumadh siad / gcumaidís‡‡; gcumadh siad‡‡ | a chumadh / a gcumadh* | chumtaí / gcumtaí‡‡ |
| future | cumfaidh mé; cumfad | cumfaidh tú; cumfair$^†$ | cumfaidh sé, sí | cumfaimid; cumfaidh muid | cumfaidh sibh | cumfaidh siad; cumfaid$^†$ | a chumfaidh; a chumfas / a gcumfaidh* | cumfar |
| conditional | chumfainn / gcumfainn‡‡ | chumfá / gcumfá‡‡ | chumfadh sé, sí / gcumfadh sé, sí‡‡ | chumfaimis; chumfadh muid / gcumfaimis‡‡; gcumfadh muid‡‡ | chumfadh sibh / gcumfadh sibh‡‡ | chumfaidís; chumfadh siad / gcumfaidís‡‡; gcumfadh siad‡‡ | a chumfadh / a gcumfadh* | chumfaí / gcumfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go gcuma mé; go gcumad$^†$ | go gcuma tú; go gcumair$^†$ | go gcuma sé, sí | go gcumaimid; go gcuma muid | go gcuma sibh | go gcuma siad; go gcumaid$^†$ | — | go gcumtar |
| past | dá gcumainn | dá gcumtá | dá gcumadh sé, sí | dá gcumaimis; dá gcumadh muid | dá gcumadh sibh | dá gcumaidís; dá gcumadh siad | — | dá gcumtaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | cumaim | cum | cumadh sé, sí | cumaimis | cumaigí; cumaidh$^†$ | cumaidís | — | cumtar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cum”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cummaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “cum”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “cum”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* cũ, ꝯ (abbreviations, Medieval Latin, Renaissance Latin, early modern)
* kom, com (Old Latin)
* -cum (used with pronouns)

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkum/, [ˈkʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkum/, [ˈkum]

### Etymology 1

From Old Latin com, from Proto-Italic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ga- (“co-”), Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) (“with”).
The ablative is from the PIE comitative-instrumental.

#### Preposition

cum (+ ablative)
* with, along with
    Titus cum familiā habitat. ― Titus lives with his family.
    magnā cum laude ― with great praise
* at (denoting a point in time with which an action coincides)
    Mīlitēs cum prīmā lūce vēnērunt. ― The soldiers came at day-break.
* -fold (with ordinal number)
    cum centesimo efficere ― to yield a hundredfold

##### Derived terms

* co-
* col-
* com-
* con-
* contrā
* cor-
* cum laude
* cum primis
* cum privilegio
* donec
* egregia cum laude
* magna cum laude
* maxima cum laude
* mecum
* nobiscum
* summa cum laude
* tecum
* vobiscum

##### Descendants

* → English: cum
* Aragonese: con
* Aromanian: cu
* Asturian: con, cun, co
* Corsican: cù, cun
* Dalmatian: con
* Emilian: con
* Friulian: cun, cu
* Istriot: cun, cu'
* Italian: con
* Ladin: con, co, cun
* Ligurian: con
* Lombard: cond
* Megleno-Romanian: cu
* Mirandese: cun
* Neapolitan: cu
* Old Galician-Portuguese: con
** Fala: con
** Galician: con
** Portuguese: com (see there for further descendants)
* Piedmontese: cun
* Romagnol: cun
* Romanian: cu
* Leonese: cun
* Romansch: cun
* Sardinian: chin, cun
* Sicilian: cu
* Spanish: con
* Venetan: co

### Etymology 2

From Old Latin quom, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷóm, accusative of *kʷos, *kʷis. Compare its feminine form quam (as in tum-tam).

#### Alternative forms

* quom (pre-Classical, Classical Latin)
* quum (post-classical)

#### Conjunction

cum
* [with subjunctive]
** (causal) when, after [with imperfect subjunctive or pluperfect subjunctive]
** because, since
** although
* [with indicative]
** (temporal) when, while [with present indicative or perfect indicative]

##### Usage notes

* In the sense of when, if there is no causal link between the verb in the dependent clause and the verb in the main clause (sometimes called an inverted cum-clause, as the 'main action' of the sentence occurs in the dependent clause), the indicative is used rather than the subjunctive.
    Per viam ambulābāmus cum pugnam vīdimus. [not *vīderīmus]
       We were walking through the street when we saw a fight.
* Often coupled with tum, such that tum X, cum Y means "then X, when Y", and cum X tum Y means "not only X but also Y".
    27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.13:movet res cum multitudinem tum ducesThis event not only shocked the crowd but also the commanders

##### Coordinate terms

* tum

##### Derived terms

* quomque, cumque
* quondam
* quoniam
* umquam

### References

* (preposition) “cum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* (conjunction) “cum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "cum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. a storm accompanied by heavy claps of thunder: tempestas cum magno fragore (caeli) tonitribusque (Liv. 1. 16) to have the same boundaries; to be coterminous: continentem esse terrae or cum terra (Fam. 15. 2. 2) at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum occasions arise for..: incidunt tempora, cum I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi to live to see the day when..: diem videre, cum... with many tears: multis cum lacrimis with many tears: magno cum fletu so-and-so is in a very satisfactory position; prospers: agitur praeclare, bene cum aliquo under such circumstances: quae cum ita sint to struggle with adversity: conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna to balance a loss by anything: damnum compensare cum aliqua re to form a friendship with any one: amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere I am on good terms with a person: est or intercedit mihi cum aliquo amicitia I am on bad terms with a person: sunt or intercedunt mihi cum aliquo inimicitiae to be bound by the closest ties of friendship: artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse to be at enmity with a man: inimicitias gerere, habere, exercere cum aliquo to make a person one's enemy: inimicitias cum aliquo suscipere to reconcile two people; to be a mediator: in gratiam aliquem cum aliquo reducere to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel: in gratiam cum aliquo redire to expostulate with a person about a thing: conqueri, expostulare cum aliquo de aliqua re I heard him say..: ex eo audivi, cum diceret to confuse true with false: vera cum falsis confundere to imbibe error from one's mother's breasts: errorem cum lacte nutricis sugere (Tusc. 3. 1. 2) (1) to communicate one's plans to some one; (2) to make common cause with a person. Similarly c. causam, rationem: consilia cum aliquo communicare to think over, consider a thing: secum (cum animo) reputare aliquid to think over, consider a thing: considerare in, cum animo, secum aliquid to enjoy close intercourse with... (of master and pupil): multum esse cum aliquo (Fam. 16. 21) to be closely connected with a thing: cohaerere, coniunctum esse cum aliqua re to maintain a controversy with some one: controversiam (contentionem) habere cum aliquo to come to an understanding with a person: transigere aliquid cum aliquo to agree with a person: consentire, idem sentire cum aliquo to disagree with a person: dissentire, dissidere ab or cum aliquo to be united by having a common language: eiusdem linguae societate coniunctum esse cum aliquo (De Or. 3. 59. 223) to hold an altercation with a man: verbis concertare or altercari cum aliquo (B. C. 3. 19. 6) to correspond with some one: colloqui cum aliquo per litteras to my sorrow: cum magno meo dolore my relations with him are most hospitable: mihi cum illo hospitium est, intercedit to become a friend and guest of a person: hospitium cum aliquo facere, (con-)iungere to associate with some one: societatem inire, facere cum aliquo to be always in some one's company: assiduum esse cum aliquo to be on friendly terms with a person: usu, familiaritate, consuetudine coniunctum esse cum aliquo to be on friendly terms with a person: est mihi consuetudo, or usus cum aliquo to be on friendly terms with a person: vivere cum aliquo relations are strained between us: in simultate cum aliquo sum to enter into conversation with some one: sermonem conferre, instituere, ordiri cum aliquo to enter into conversation with some one: se dare in sermonem cum aliquo to converse, talk with a person on a subject: sermonem habere cum aliquo de aliqua re (De Am. 1. 3) to meet a person by arrangement, interview him: congredi cum aliquo to speak personally to..: coram loqui (cum aliquo) to shake hands with a person: dextram iungere cum aliquo, dextras inter se iungere to be married to some one: nuptam esse cum aliquo or alicui to separate from, divorce (of the man): divortium facere cum uxore to have business relations with some one: contrahere rem or negotium cum aliquo (Cluent. 14. 41) to transact, settle a matter with some one: transigere aliquid (de aliqua re) cum aliquo or inter se to do no business with a man: nihil cum aliquo contrahere to balance accounts with some one: rationes putare cum aliquo to be content with 12 per cent at compound interest: centesimis cum anatocismo contentum esse (Att. 5. 21. 12) to contend with some one for the pre-eminence: contendere cum aliquo de principatu (Nep. Arist. 1) to submit a formal proposition to the people: agere cum populo (Leg. 3. 4. 10) to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus): ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273) to take some one's side: cum aliquo facere (Sull. 13. 36) to conspire with some one: conspirare cum aliquo (contra aliquem) to have unlimited power; to be invested with imperium: cum imperio esse (cf. XVI. 3) to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria) to live with some one on an equal footing: aequo iure vivere cum aliquo to isolate a witness: aliquem a ceteris separare et in arcam conicere ne quis cum eo colloqui possit (Mil. 22. 60) to join forces with some one: copias (arma) cum aliquo iungere or se cum aliquo iungere to hold a high command: cum imperio esse to be armed: cum telo esse to begin a war with some one: bellum cum aliquo inire to make war on a person: bellum gerere cum aliquo to advance with the army: procedere cum exercitu with wife and child: cum uxoribus et liberis to come to close quarters: manum (us) conserere cum hoste to come to close quarters: signa conferre cum hoste to fight a pitched, orderly battle with an enemy: iusto (opp. tumultuario) proelio confligere cum hoste (Liv. 35. 4) a hand-to-hand engagement ensued: tum pes cum pede collatus est (Liv. 28. 2) with great loss: magno cum detrimento to treat with some one about peace: agere cum aliquo de pace to make peace with some one: pacem facere cum aliquo to conclude a treaty with some one: pactionem facere cum aliquo (Sall. Iug. 40) to conclude a treaty, an alliance: foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire allow me to say: bona (cum) venia tua dixerim putting aside, except: cum discessi, -eris, -eritis ab

## Linngithigh
### Numeral

cum
* three

## Manx
### Etymology 1

From Old Irish con·gaib. Cognate with Irish coinnigh and Scottish Gaelic cum.

#### Verb

cum (verbal noun cummal)
* grip, hold
* keep, arrest, retain
* contain
* live, inhabit
* celebrate

### Etymology 2

From Middle Irish cummaid, a denominative verb from cumma, itself from Old Irish cummae (“shape, form, appearance”).

#### Verb

cum (verbal noun cummey)
* plan, devise
* fabricate, shape, mould
* indite

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kum/

### Verb

cum
* singular imperative of cuman

## Old French
### Conjunction

cum
* Alternative form of come (“as, like”)

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* ·cumai

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kuβ̃]

### Verb

·cum
* Alternative form of ·cumai, third-person singular present subjunctive prototonic of con·icc

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ McCone, Kim (1997) The Early Irish Verb (Maynooth Monographs 1), 2nd edition, Maynooth: An Sagart, →ISBN, page 34: “This process favoured the type without final unstressed vowel, whence -cum alongside -cumai (con:ic)”

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kũ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kũ/
* Hyphenation: cum

### Etymology 1

From contraction of preposition com (“with”) + masculine article um (“a”). Compare Galician cun.

#### Contraction

cum m sg (masculine plural cuns, feminine singular cuma, feminine plural cumas)
* (Portugal, informal) Contraction of com um (“with a”).

### Etymology 2
#### Preposition

cum
* (Brazil, Internet slang) Eye dialect spelling of com.

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:cum.

### Further reading

* “cum”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Rohingya
### Etymology

From Sanskrit चुम्ब (cumba).

### Noun

cum
* kiss

## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* кум (cum) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin quomo, from Latin quōmodo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkum/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -um

### Adverb

cum
* (interrogative or negative) how
    Cum ți-ar plăcea cafeaua?How would you like your coffee?

### Conjunction

cum
* how
* as, since, seeing that
* (informal) Synonym of de cum (“as soon as”)

#### Usage notes

Sense 2 is low-pitched or unstressed, while sense 3 is high-pitched or stressed.

#### Derived terms

* cum ar fi
* cum de
* cum să nu
* de cum
* și încă cum

### References

* cum in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English cumen, variant of comen, from Old English cuman. Cognate with English come and Yola coome.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʌm/

### Verb

cum
* to come

### References

* “cum, v.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰuːm/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish con·gaib. Cognate with Irish coinnigh and Manx cum.

#### Verb

cum (past chum, future cumaidh, verbal noun cumail or cumadh, past participle cumta)
* Alternative form of cùm (“keep”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish cummaid (“to fashion, makes”), from cummae (“act of cutting, shaping”), verbal noun of con·ben.

#### Verb

cum (past chum, future cumaidh, verbal noun cumadh, past participle cumta)
* shape, form

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Yola
### Verb

cum
* Alternative form of coome
** 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouz on zum other dey?[Why didn't you come to us on some other day?]

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 131