# luxus
## Czech
### Etymology

From Latin luxus (“abundant”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈluksus]

### Noun

luxus m inan
* luxury
    Synonym: přepych

#### Derived terms

* luxusní

### Further reading

* “luxus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “luxus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “luxus”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Latin luxus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈluksuʃ]
* Hyphenation: lu‧xus
* Rhymes: -uʃ

### Noun

luxus (usually uncountable, plural luxusok)
* luxury (very wealthy and comfortable surroundings)
    Synonyms: fényűzés, pompa
* (often as a prefix in compounds) luxury, exclusive (something desirable but expensive that one cannot afford to buy)

#### Derived terms

* luxushajó
* luxusszálló

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* luxus in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈluːk.sus/, [ˈɫ̪uːks̠ʊs̠] or IPA: /ˈluk.sus/, [ˈɫ̪ʊks̠ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈluk.sus/, [ˈluksus]
* De Vaan 2008 reconstructs the vowel in the first syllable as short, but notes the problem of explaining why Lachmann's law did not apply. In contrast, Bennett 1907 marks it long, appealing to Romance descendants, although Bennett also gives luxus as an example of a word where it is difficult to decide whether the forms encountered in Romance are popular or learned.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-so-s, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”), whence also luctor (“wrestle”). Cognate with Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇá, “bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, Old Norse lykna.

#### Adjective

lū̆xus (feminine lū̆xa, neuter lū̆xum); first/second-declension adjective
* dislocated

##### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

##### Derived terms

* lū̆xō

### Etymology 2

Abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus, from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”).

#### Noun

lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension
* a dislocation
* extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery
* pomp, splendor

##### Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* lū̆xor
* lū̆xuria/ lū̆xuriēs

##### Descendants

* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: luscu
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: lusso
** Sicilian: lussu
* Gallo-Italic:
** Piedmontese: luss, lusso (or from Italian)
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: luxo
*** Galician: luxo
*** Portuguese: luxo
** Old Spanish: luxo
*** Spanish: lujo
**** → Tagalog: luho
Borrowings:
* → Alemannic German: Luxus
* → Catalan: luxe
* → Czech: luxus
* → Danish: luksus
* → Finnish: luksus
* → French: luxe
** → Dutch: luxe
** → English: luxe
** → Persian: لوکس (luks)
** → Romanian: lux
** → Swedish: lyx
** → Turkish: lüks
* → German: Luxus
* → Hungarian: luxus
* → Icelandic: lúxus
* → Luxembourgish: Luxus
* → Macedonian: луксуз (luksuz)
* → Norwegian: luksus
* → Polish: luksus
* → Russian: люкс (ljuks)
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: луксуз, луксус
    Latin script: luksuz, luksus

### References

* ↑ Bennett, Charles E. (1907) The Latin Language: a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 60
* ↑ Bennett, Charles E. (1907) The Latin Language: a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 39
* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “luxus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 356

### Further reading

* “luxus” in volume 7, part 1, column 1934, line 21 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
* “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "luxus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere