# 四方
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sìfāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄈㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sei$^3$ fong$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): si-fông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sì-hng / sìr-hng / sù-hong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^3$ huang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sìfāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄈㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìhfang
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$-fang$^1$
*** Yale: sz̀-fāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syhfang
*** Palladius: сыфан (syfan)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sei$^3$ fong$^1$
*** Yale: sei fōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sei$^3$ fong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séi$^3$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sei̯³³ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si-fông
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi fong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^4$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵⁵ foŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-hng
*** Tâi-lô: sì-hng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sie'hngf
*** IPA (Taipei): /si¹¹⁻⁵³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si²¹⁻⁵³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si²¹⁻⁴¹ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr-hng
*** Tâi-lô: sìr-hng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù-hong
*** Tâi-lô: sù-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suo'hofng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /su²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su²¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^3$ huang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì huang
*** Sinological IPA : /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ huaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: sijH pjang
Rime :
| Character | 四 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息利切 | 府良切 |
| Baxter | sijH | pjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪ$^H$/ | /pʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /si$^H$/ | /pʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɪ$^H$/ | /piuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /si$^H$/ | /puaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /si$^H$/ | /piuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^H$/ | /pĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si$^H$/ | /piwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sì | fāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^3$ | fong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.li[j]-s C-paŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljids paŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 四 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sì | fāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sij$^H$ › | ‹ pjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.li[j]-s/ | /*C-paŋ/ |
| English | four | square |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 四 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 12022 | 3023 |
| Phonetic component | 四 | 方 |
| Rime group | 至 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 四 | 方 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljids/ | /*paŋ/ |
| Notes | | 甲金文象槳即榜初文， 下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆 |

#### Noun

四方
* (literally) the four directions (north, south, east and west)
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Jiǔ hān, Gāozǔ jī zhù, zìwéi gēshī yuē: “Dàfēng qǐ xī yún fēiyáng, wēi jiā hǎinèi xī guī gùxiāng, ān dé měngshì xī shǒu sìfāng?” [Pinyin]
    Having drunken liquor to his heart's content, Gaozu plucked the zhu and composed himself an ode: “A great wind came forth, the clouds rose on high. Now that my might rules all within the seas, I have returned to my old village. Where will I find brave men to guard the four corners of my land?”
* (figuratively) everywhere; far and wide
** 2020, “月光暝”, 高以德 (lyrics), 吳靜慧 (music)‎performed by 蔡秋鳳 [Kerris Tsai]:
       goe̍h kng-kng chiò sì-hng, kám ē-tàng chiò ji̍p lí sim-mn̂g [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       The moon brightly shines far and wide; can it shine through the door of your heart?

##### Synonyms

* (everywhere): 各地 (gèdì)

##### Derived terms

* 四方八面 (sìfāngbāmiàn)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 四(し)方(ほう) (shihō)
* → Korean: 사방(四方) (sabang)
* → Vietnamese: tứ phương (四方)

##### See also

* 八方 (bāfāng)
* 十方 (shífāng)

#### Proper noun

四方
* The Quad (anti-China alliance comprising of the United States, Japan, Australia and India)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sìfāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄈㄤ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sei$^3$ fong$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu$^1$ fong$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): si-fông
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sì-hng / sìr-hng / sù-hong / sì-pang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^3$ bang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sìfāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄈㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìhfang
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$-fang$^1$
*** Yale: sz̀-fāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syhfang
*** Palladius: сыфан (syfan)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sei$^3$ fong$^1$
*** Yale: sei fōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sei$^3$ fong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séi$^3$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sei̯³³ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lhu$^1$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬu³³ fɔŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si-fông
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi fong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^4$ fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵⁵ foŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-hng
*** Tâi-lô: sì-hng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sie'hngf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si²¹⁻⁵³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr-hng
*** Tâi-lô: sìr-hng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hŋ̍³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù-hong
*** Tâi-lô: sù-hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suo'hofng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /su²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su²¹⁻⁵³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: dated in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-pang
*** Tâi-lô: sì-pang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sie'pafng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si²¹⁻⁴¹ paŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /si¹¹⁻⁵³ paŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^3$ bang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì pang
*** Sinological IPA : /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ paŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: sijH pjang
Rime :
| Character | 四 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息利切 | 府良切 |
| Baxter | sijH | pjang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪ$^H$/ | /pʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /si$^H$/ | /pʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɪ$^H$/ | /piuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /si$^H$/ | /puaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /si$^H$/ | /piuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^H$/ | /pĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si$^H$/ | /piwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sì | fāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^3$ | fong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.li[j]-s C-paŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljids paŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 四 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sì | fāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sij$^H$ › | ‹ pjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.li[j]-s/ | /*C-paŋ/ |
| English | four | square |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 四 | 方 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 12022 | 3023 |
| Phonetic component | 四 | 方 |
| Rime group | 至 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 四 | 方 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljids/ | /*paŋ/ |
| Notes | | 甲金文象槳即榜初文， 下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆 |

#### Adjective

四方
* (attributive) square; cube; cubic

##### Derived terms

* 四方城
* 四方帽 (sìfāngmào)
* 四方木——踢一踢，喐一喐
* 四方步 (sìfāngbù)
* 四方聯 / 四方联
* 四方臉 / 四方脸

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 四 | 方 |
| し Grade: 1 | ほう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しほー [shìhóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [2])
* (Tokyo) しほー [shíꜜhòò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕiho̞ː]

#### Noun

四(し)方(ほう) • (shihō)
* (in) all directions, everywhere

##### Derived terms

* 四方(しほう)八方(はっぽう) (shihō happō)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 四 | 方 |
| あたり ||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 四方 – see the following entry. :
| 【辺あたり】 | [noun] area [noun] surroundings Alternative spellings 四辺, 邉り |
(This term, 四方, is an alternative spelling (literary) of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 四 | 方 |

### Noun

四方 • (sabang) (hangeul 사방)
* hanja form of 사방 (“in all directions, everywhere”)