# carbuncle
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English carbuncle, charbocle, from Old French carbuncle, charbuncle, from Latin carbunculus (“a small coal; a reddish kind of precious stone; a kind of tumor”), diminutive of carbō (“a coal, charcoal”). Doublet of Garfinkel and Garfunkel.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkɑː.bʌŋ.kl̩/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈkɑɹˌbʌŋ.kl̩/
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

carbuncle (plural carbuncles)
* (archaic) A deep-red or fiery colored garnet or other dark red precious stone, especially when cut cabochon.
** 1602, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act II, scene 2, line 401:With eyes like carbuncles, the hellish Pyrrhus […]
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 54:12:And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones.
** 1634, Thomas Herbert, A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. Into Afrique and the Greater Asia, especially the Territories of the Persian Monarchie: And some Parts of the Orientall Indies, and Iles Adiacent. Of their Religion, Language, Habit, Discent, Ceremonies, and other Matters Concerning Them: Together with the Proceedings and Death of the Three Late Ambassadours: Sir D. C[otton] Sir R. S[herley] and the Persian Nogdi-Beg: As also the Two Great Monarchs, the King of Persia, and the Great Mogol, London: William Stansby for Iacob Bloome, →OCLC; republished as William Foster, editor, Travels in Persia 1627–1629. Abridged and Edited by Sir William Foster [...] with an Introduction and Notes (Broadway Travellers), London: G. Routledge & Sons, 1928, →OCLC, page 79:His turban, or mandil [mandīl], was of finest white silk interwoven with gold, bestudded with pearl[s] and carbuncles; […]
** 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 155:A piece of marigold or bay leaf was imbedded in the metal, and over it a carbuncle or chrysolite was placed.
* (heraldry) A charge or bearing supposed to represent the precious stone, with eight sceptres or staves radiating from a common centre; an escarbuncle.
* (pathology) An abscess larger than a boil, usually with one or more openings draining pus onto the skin. It is usually caused by staphylococcal infection.
* An unpopular or ugly building; an eyesore.

#### Derived terms

* carbuncled

#### Related terms

* carbon

#### Translations
### See also

* ruby

### References

* “carbuncle”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “carbuncle”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* carboncle, carbuncul, charbocle, charbokel, charbouncle, charbucle, charbukel, charbuncle, charbunkel

### Etymology

Borrowed from Old French carbuncle, charbuncle, itself borrowed from Latin carbunculus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkarbunkəl/, /ˈkarbukəl/, /ˈt͡ʃ-/

### Noun

carbuncle (plural carbuncles)
* A carbuncle (garnet or other precious stone)
** 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. The Tale of Sir Thopas: 179-81.
    His sheeld was al of gold so reed, And ther-inne was a bores heed,A charbocle bisyde;
* Material similar to carbuncle.
* (pathology) A carbuncle; a large abscess.

#### Descendants

* English: carbuncle

#### References

* “carbuncle, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* charbuncle

### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin carbunculus.

### Noun

carbuncle oblique singular, m (oblique plural carbuncles, nominative singular carbuncles, nominative plural carbuncle)
* carbuncle (deep-red or fiery colored garnet or other dark red precious stone)

#### Descendants

* → Middle English: carbuncle