# air
## English
### Alternative forms

* aire, ayre, eyr (obsolete)
* ayr (especially when referring to the form of music)

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɛə/, [ɛː]
** Audio (UK):(file)
* (General American) enPR: âr, IPA: /ɛɹ/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /eː/
* (New Zealand, without the cheer–chair merger) IPA: /eə/
* (New Zealand, cheer–chair merger) IPA: /iə/
* (Scotland) IPA: /eɹ/
* (Lancashire, fair–fur merger) IPA: /ɜː(ɹ)/
* Homophones: Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, are (“unit of measurement”); e'er (US); err (one US pronunciation or with fair–fur merger); ear (cheer–chair merger)
* Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English aire, from Old French air, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr). Displaced native Old English lyft. More at lift, loft.

#### Noun

air (countable and uncountable, plural airs)
* (uncountable) The substance constituting Earth's atmosphere: a gaseous mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and various trace gases.
    This drill runs on compressed air.
    As you ascend, the air gets thinner.
** The substance of the atmosphere seen as an agency of freshness.
    I'm going outside to get some air.
    Open the window and let some air into the room.
** (historical, philosophy, alchemy) One of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
    Synonym: wind
** (historical, medicine) A local environment or atmosphere, in the context of its effects on behavior, health, weather, etc.
*** 1991 May 12, “Kidnapped!”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:Jeeves: Foreign travel often liberates emotions best kept in check, sir. The air of North America is notoriously stimulating in this regard, as witness the regrettable behavior of its inhabitants in 1776. B. Wooster: Hm? What happened in 1776, Jeeves? Jeeves: I prefer not to dwell on it, if it's convenient to you, sir.
    There was a tension in the air which made me suspect an approaching storm.
* (uncountable, loosely) The substance of the atmosphere on a planet other than Earth.
    The air on Mars is very thin and consists mostly of carbon dioxide.
* (uncountable, usually with the) The apparently open space above the ground which this substance fills, (historical) formerly thought to be limited by the firmament but (meteorology) now considered to be surrounded by the near-vacuum of outer space.
    The flock of birds took to the air.
* A breeze; a gentle wind.
* A feeling or sense.
    to give it an air of artistry and sophistication
** 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:The girl stooped to pluck a rose, and as she bent over it, her profile was clearly outlined. She held the flower to her face with a long-drawn inhalation, then went up the steps, crossed the piazza, opened the door without knocking, and entered the house with the air of one thoroughly at home.
** 1951 October, H. A. Vallance, “Across Denmark by Lyntog”, in Railway Magazine, page 658:Even at the busiest periods, an air of quiet orderliness pervades the hall, and the first impression gained by the traveller is one of efficiency, neatness and cleanliness.
** 1968, Robert Conquest, “The Purge Begins”, in The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge of the Thirties‎, Macmillan Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 77:But the dull, cool, calculating effect given cumulatively through Stalin’s long career, the air of a great glacier moving slowly and by the easiest path to overwhelm some Alpine valley, is only part of the picture. At various times - and especially in his early career - the calm of his general manner was broken, and expression given to the driving emotions that possessed him.
** November 2 2014, Daniel Taylor, "Sergio Agüero strike wins derby for Manchester City against 10-man United," guardian.co.uk
    Smalling’s quick one-two of yellow cards towards the end of the first half had left an air of inevitability about what would follow and, if anything, it was probably a surprise that City restricted themselves to Sergio Agüero’s goal bearing in mind another of United’s defenders, Marcos Rojo, was taken off on a stretcher early in the second half with a dislocated shoulder.
** A sense of poise, graciousness, or quality.
*** 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 4, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:"He is very plain, undoubtedly—remarkably plain:—but that is nothing compared with his entire want of gentility. I had no right to expect much, and I did not expect much; but I had no idea that he could be so very clownish, so totally without air. I had imagined him, I confess, a degree or two nearer gentility."
** (usually in the plural) Pretension; snobbishness; pretence that one is better than others.
    putting on airs
*** 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.
* (music) A melody or song, especially a solo; an aria.
** 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:"If I," said Mr. Collins, "were so fortunate as to be able to sing, I should have great pleasure, I am sure, in obliging the company with an air; for I consider music as a very innocent diversion, and perfectly compatible with the profession of a clergyman […] "
** 1850, T. S. Arthur, “Deacon Smith and his Violin”, in Sketches of Life and Character‎, Philadelphia: J. W. Bradley, →OCLC, page 70:The lad, his son, had obtained a Jew's-harp, and learned to play upon it the profane airs of "Yankee Doodle," "Hail Columbia," "St. Patrick's Day," and "Auld Lang Syne."
* (informal) Nothing; absence of anything.
* (countable, uncountable) An air conditioning system.
    Could you turn on the air?
    Hey, did you mean to leave the airs on all week while you were on vacation?
* (obsolete: chemistry) Any specific gas.
* (uncountable, snowboarding, skateboarding, motor sports) The state of being briefly airborne during a jump.
* A television or radio signal; (by extension) media broadcasts in general.
** 1996, Thomas Streeter, Selling the Air, →ISBN:Ernst gave a list of political activists who had been denied access to the air by private broadcasters, and pointed out that "Secretary Hoover's signature in New York sells for $150,000 to $200,000," thus limiting access to the air on the part of labor unions and other underrepresented groups.
** 2001, Dana Stabenow, The Singing of the Dead, →ISBN, page 17:Coming to you live once a month, or whenever I feel like broadcasting a little pirate air.
** 2015, Gary Andres, Paul Hernnson, Lobbying Reconsidered: Politics Under the Influence, page 149:“These members need air cover in the media.” Paid media is the admission ticket to enter the big-time Washington stage.
* (uncountable) Publicity.

##### Synonyms

* atmosphere
* aura
* luft
* nimbus
* gas

##### Derived terms

* acid of air
* air admittance vent
* air ambulance
* air bag
* airbag
* air ball
* airball
* airband
* air bangs
* air base
* air bath
* air-bath
* airbeam
* air bearing
* air bed
* airbill
* air biscuit
* air bladder
* airblast
* air-blown asphalt
* Airbnb
* airboard
* airboat
* airbomb
* airborne
* air bounce
* airbound
* airbox
* air-box
* airbrake, air brake
* air-braked, airbraked
* airbrasion
* airbrasive
* airbreather
* airbreathing
* air-breathing
* air brick
* airbridge
* air bridge
* air brush
* air-brush
* airbrush
* air bubble
* air-built
* air burst
* air-burst
* airburst
* airbus
* Airbus
* aircab
* air cadet
* aircar
* air cargo
* air carrier
* air castle
* air cell
* air chain
* air chamber
* aircheck
* Air Chief Marshal
* air chief marshal
* air choke
* air cleaner
* aircoach
* air commode
* Air Commodore
* air commodore
* air compressor
* air-con
* air-condition
* air-conditioned
* air-conditioner
* air-conditioning
* air conditioning
* air-cooled
* air cooler
* air corridor
* air cover
* aircraft
* aircrane
* aircrash
* aircrew
* air crew
* air curtain
* air cushion
* air-cushion vehicle
* air cushion vehicle
* airdash
* air data
* airdate
* air de cour
* air denial
* air display
* airdock
* airdome
* air door
* air draft
* air drain
* air drainage
* airdraulic
* airdrawn
* air-dried
* air drill
* airdrome
* air-drop
* airdrop
* air-drumming
* air-dry
* air-duct
* air duct
* air duster
* air du temps
* air embolism
* air engine
* airfall
* airfare
* airfarer
* airfaring
* airfield
* air filter
* airflare
* airfleet
* air flow
* airflow
* airfoil
* air force
* air fountain
* airframe
* airfreight
* air freight
* air-freight
* air freshener
* air-fry
* air fry
* air fryer
* airgap
* air gap
* air-gapped
* air gas
* airgasm
* air-girl
* airglow
* airgram
* airgraph
* airgroup
* air guitar
* air-guitar
* air guitarist
* airgun
* air-gun
* air gun
* air gunner
* air hammer
* airhead
* air-head
* airheaded
* air hockey
* air hole
* airhole
* air horn, airhorn
* air hose
* air-hose
* air host
* air hostess
* airhouse
* air hunger
* airing cupboard
* air intake
* air integration
* airish
* air jacket
* air jail
* air kerma rate
* air kick
* air kiss
* air knife
* airland
* air lane
* air-launch
* airleg
* airless
* air letter
* airletter
* air level
* airlift
* airlike
* air line
* airline
* airliner
* airling
* airlink
* air loan
* airlock
* air lock
* air mail
* airmail
* airman
* airmark
* air marker
* Air Marshal
* air marshal
* air mass, airmass
* air mattress
* air mile
* airminded
* airmiss
* airmobile
* air-mobile
* airmonger
* air motor
* air navigation
* air off
* airometer
* air out
* air parcel
* airpark
* airpath
* airphone
* airphoto
* air photo
* air photograph
* airpipe
* air piracy
* air pirate
* air pistol
* airplane
* air plant
* airplay
* airpocalypse
* air pocket
* air pollutant
* air pollution
* airponics
* air popper
* airport
* airportable
* airpost
* air potato
* airpower
* air pressure
* air-proof
* airproof
* airpuff
* air puff test
* air-pump
* air pump
* air punch
* air purifier
* air quote
* air quotes
* air rage
* air-raid
* air raid
* air raiding
* air-raid shelter
* air raid siren
* air-raid siren
* air-raid warden
* air refresher
* air reservoir
* air resistance
* air-ride
* air ride
* air rifle
* air rights
* air sac
* airs and graces
* air sandwich
* airscape
* airscoop
* air scooter
* airscrew
* air-sea rescue
* air sense
* airshaft
* air shaft
* airshed
* air shed
* airshift
* airship
* air ship
* airshoot
* air shot
* air-shot
* air show
* air shower
* airsick
* airsickness
* airside
* air sign
* airsled
* air-smoothed
* air sock
* airsoft
* airsome
* air space
* airspace
* Airspeak
* airspeed
* air speed
* air sport
* airstaff
* air staff
* airstair
* air steward
* air stewardess
* airstone
* airstop
* air stove
* airstream
* airstrike
* air strike
* airstrip
* airsuit
* air superiority
* air support
* air supremacy
* air suspension
* air tanker
* air taxi
* airtaxi
* air terminal
* air ticket
* air-tight
* air tight
* airtight
* airtime
* air time
* air-to-air
* air-to-air missile
* air-to-ground
* air-to-ship
* air-to-surface
* air-to-surface missile
* air traffic
* air traffic control
* air traffic controller
* airtram
* air transport
* airtrapping
* air travel
* air turborocket
* air up
* air vent
* Air Vice Marshal
* air vice-marshal
* airview
* air walk
* airwalk
* airwall
* airwar
* air war
* airward
* air warden
* airwards
* air washer
* airwave
* airwaves
* airway
* airwaybill
* air wing
* airwise
* airwoman
* airworthiness
* airworthy
* airwound
* airy
* alkaline air
* anti-air
* antiair
* bear in the air
* beat the air
* big air
* bleed air
* breath of fresh air
* build castles in the air
* canned air
* cassette air conditioner
* castle in the air
* catch air
* catch big air
* change of air
* chicken salad air
* clear-air turbulence
* clear the air
* combat air patrol
* complemental air
* compressed air
* compressed-air bath
* condensed air
* counterair
* dead air
* dead-air space
* deair
* dephlogisticated air
* direct air capture
* disappear into thin air
* empyreal air
* Finnair
* fire air
* fixed air
* fluoro acid air
* forced air
* freedoms of the air
* free to air
* free-to-air
* fresh air
* full of hot air
* gas and air
* general of the air force
* get some air, take some air
* give oneself airs
* give someone the air
* grab some air
* ground-to-air
* heavier-than-air
* heliair
* hepatic air
* hot air
* hot air balloon
* hot-air balloon
* hydrogen air
* inflammable air
* in the air
* into thin air
* light air
* lighter-than-air
* liquid air
* marine acid air
* mephitic air
* method air
* mid-air
* midair
* Mountainair
* night air
* nitrous air
* nonair
* nose in the air
* off air
* off-air
* off-the-air
* off the air
* on-air
* on air
* on-the-air
* on the air
* open-air
* open air
* open air museum
* open-air museum
* out of thin air
* phlogisticated air
* plein air
* plein-air
* pseudoair
* punch the air
* pure air
* put on airs
* reair
* residual air
* rockair
* school of the air
* ship-to-air
* sniffing-the-morning-air position
* split-system air conditioner
* stationary air
* suck all the air out of
* suck the air out of
* suck up all the air in
* surface-to-air
* surface-to-air missile
* synthetic air
* TACAN
* tactical air commander
* tactical air control center
* take air
* take the air
* thin air
* tidal air
* too many balls in the air
* turn the air blue
* up in the air
* vanish into thin air
* vital air
* vitriolic acid air
* walk on air
* zero air
English terms starting with “air”

##### Related terms

* aerate
* aero-
* aria

##### Descendants

* → Jersey Dutch: êr

##### Translations
#### Verb

air (third-person singular simple present airs, present participle airing, simple past and past participle aired)
* (transitive) To bring (something) into contact with the air, so as to freshen or dry it.
    I'll hang these clothes on the rack to air them.
* (transitive) To let fresh air into (a room or a building), to ventilate.
    It's getting quite stuffy in this room: let's open the windows and air it.
* (transitive) To make public (an opinion, concern, issue, secret, differences, etc); to present to public view (and sometimes discussion).
    Residents used the public meeting to air their concerns about the poor state of the roads.
** 2010 February 11, Rosie Swash, “John Mayer apologises after using N-word in Playboy interview”, in The Guardian‎:John Mayer has apologised for using a racist epithet in a recent interview with Playboy magazine, after a number of prominent black musicians aired their disapproval.
** 1917, National Geographic, v.31, March 1917:Thus, in spite of all opposition, the rural and urban assemblies retained the germ of local government, and in spite of the dual control, as the result of which much of their influence was nullified, they did have a certain value in airing abuses and suggesting improvements.
* (transitive) To broadcast (a television show etc.).
    The BBC decided not to air the controversial episode.
* (intransitive) To be broadcast.
    This game show first aired in the 1990s and is still going today.
* (transitive, British, MLE, slang) To ignore (a person).
    Why is this girl airing me?

##### Derived terms

* airable
* aired
* aired-out
* air one's dirty laundry in public
* air one's dirty linen in public
* air one's paunch
* air out

##### Translations
### Etymology 2
#### Verb

air
* Pronunciation spelling of are.

### Anagrams

* ARI, Ari, IAR, IRA, Ira, RIA, Rai, rai, raï, ria

## Cornish
### Alternative forms

* ayr

### Etymology

From Old Cornish aer, aƿui(r), borrowed from Latin aer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [eːɹ]

### Noun

air m
* air

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French air, from Middle French air, from Old French air, from Latin āēr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛːr/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: air
* Rhymes: -ɛːr

### Noun

air m (plural airs, diminutive airtje n)
* air, pretension or pretentious attitude
* tune, melody

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: air

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French air, aire, from Latin āēr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛʁ/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: aire, airent, aires, airs, ère, ères, erre, errent, erres, ers (general), haire, haires, hère, hères, r (aspirated)

### Noun

air m (plural airs)
* air (gases of the atmosphere)
    trou d’air ― air pocket
    résistance de l’air ― air resistance
* tune, aria
* appearance
    avoir l’air ― to appear, to look, to seem
    air de famille ― family resemblance
* air (pretension)
    prendre des airs ― to put on airs
    se donner des airs ― give oneself airs

#### Derived terms

* à l’air
* à l’air libre
* air comprimé
* air de famille
* appel d’air
* armée de l’air
* au grand air
* avoir l’air
* chambre à air
* changer d’air
* courant d’air
* dans l’air
* dans l’air du temps
* en l’air
* en plein air
* foutre en l’air
* hôtesse de l’air
* les quatre fers en l’air
* libre comme l’air
* mal de l’air
* manche à air
* masse d’air
* ne pas manquer d’air
* pirate de l’air
* pistolet à air
* police de l’air et des frontières
* pomper l’air
* prendre des airs
* prendre l’air
* résistance de l’air
* rifle à air
* se donner des airs
* s’envoyer en l’air
* tête en l’air
* tirant d’air
* trou d’air

### Further reading

* “air”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* ira
* rai

## Gothic
### Romanization

air
* Romanization of 𐌰𐌹𐍂

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay air, from Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈair/ [ˈa.ɪr]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -air
* Syllabification: air

### Noun

air (uncountable)
* water (clear liquid H₂0)
* mineral water
    Synonym: air mineral
* (colloquial) a cockfight round, which begins by spraying water at the cock

#### Derived terms

* berair
* berpengairan
* keairan
* mengairi
* pengairan
* perairan

#### Compounds

* tanah air
* zat air
* air abu
* air adas
* air adhesif
* air adsorpsi
* air aerial
* air agresif
* air aki
* air alam
* air alami
* air alas
* air alkali
* air ampai
* air ampuh
* air anaerob
* air anggur
* air api
* air aromatik
* air artesis
* air arwah
* air asam
* air asin
* air asli
* air atar
* air awamineral
* air babak
* air bad
* air bah
* air bakat
* air baku
* air balas
* air bawaan
* air bawah permukaan
* air bawah tanah
* air bebas
* air bebas mineral
* air beku
* air belanda
* air bena
* air beras
* air berat
* air bergerak
* air bermineral
* air bersih
* air besar
* air biofilter
* air biru
* air boron
* air bumi
* air celah
* air comberan
* air curah
* air dadih
* air demineralisasi
* air diam
* air didih
* air doa
* air ekstraseluler
* air emas
* air es
* air fosil
* air freatik
* air garam
* air got
* air gravitasi
* air hablur
* air heksagonal
* air hidroskopik
* air hidung
* air higroskopis
* air hitam
* air imbibisi
* air infusan
* air intraselular
* air irigasi
* air jenuh
* air jeruk
* air juvenil
* air kandang
* air kapiler
* air kapur
* air karbonat
* air keling
* air kemih
* air kencing
* air keras
* air ketuban
* air ki
* air kisi
* air koloh-koloh
* air konduktivitas
* air kristalisasi
* air kubangan
* air kujumas
* air kumbahan
* air kumur
* air label ganda
* air landa
* air lata
* air laut
* air laut saniter
* air leding
* air limbah
* air lingkar
* air liur
* air ludah
* air lunak
* air magma
* air malihan
* air mampu curah
* air mancur
* air mandi
* air mani
* air manis
* air maram
* air masin
* air mata
* air mata buaya
* air mata duyung
* air matang
* air mati
* air maulhayat
* air mawar
* air merta jiwa
* air metabolik
* air metabolisme
* air mineral
* air minum
* air muka
* air mustakmal
* air najis
* air normal
* air oligotrofik
* air pasang
* air payau
* air pemandian alam
* air pengisi
* air penyeimbang beban
* air perak
* air perbani
* air permen
* air permukaan
* air pertumbuhan
* air primer
* air purwa
* air pusar
* air putih
* air raksa
* air rasa
* air ruang antara
* air ruban
* air sabun
* air sadah
* air saput
* air sebak
* air segar
* air selera
* air sembahyang
* air sembilan
* air senak
* air seni
* air senyawa
* air serani
* air setaman
* air sisipan
* air soda
* air suci
* air suling
* air suling dua kali
* air sumur
* air suri
* air surut
* air susu
* air susu jolong
* air susu pengganti
* air takbermineral
* air taktersedia
* air talkin
* air tambang asam
* air tanah
* air tanah anteseden
* air tanah bebas
* air tanah lapisan atas
* air tanah limpasan hujan
* air tanah tetap
* air tanah tubir
* air tanih
* air tawar
* air teh
* air tenang
* air tepung tawar
* air terdemineralisasi
* air terikat
* air terjun
* air terminumkan
* air tersedia
* air tersekap
* air tersenyawa
* air timah
* air timpas
* air tolak bala
* air tolak bara
* air tuban
* air utama jiwa
* air wangi
* air wudu

#### Related terms

* cair

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wahiR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Further reading

* “air” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Old Irish airid (“ploughs, tills”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɾʲ/

#### Verb

air (present analytic aireann, future analytic airfidh, verbal noun ar, past participle airthe)
* (literary, ambitransitive) plough
    Is brea le mo dhuine a bheith ag ar. ― Your man loves to be ploughing.

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | ar | ar | ar | ar | ar | ar | ar | ar |
| past participle | airthe | airthe | airthe | airthe | airthe | airthe | airthe | airthe |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | airim | aireann tú; airir$^†$ | aireann sé, sí | airimid | aireann sibh | aireann siad; airid$^†$ | a aireann; a aireas / a n-aireann* | airtear |
| past | d'air mé; d'aireas / air mé‡; aireas‡ | d'air tú; d'airis / air tú; airis‡ | d'air sé, sí / air sé, sí‡ | d'aireamar; d'air muid / aireamar; air muid‡ | d'air sibh; d'aireabhair / air sibh; aireabhair‡ | d'air siad; d'aireadar / air siad; aireadar‡ | a d'air / ar air* | aireadh; haireadh$^†$ |
| past habitual | d'airinn / airinn‡; n-airinn‡‡ | d'airteá / airteá‡; n-airteá‡‡ | d'aireadh sé, sí / aireadh sé, sí‡; n-aireadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'airimis; d'aireadh muid / airimis; aireadh muid‡; n-airimis‡‡; n-aireadh muid‡‡ | d'aireadh sibh / aireadh sibh‡; n-aireadh sibh‡‡ | d'airidís; d'aireadh siad / airidís; aireadh siad‡; n-airidís‡‡; n-aireadh siad‡‡ | a d'aireadh / a n-aireadh* | d'airtí / airtí‡; n-airtí‡‡ |
| future | airfidh mé; airfead | airfidh tú; airfir$^†$ | airfidh sé, sí | airfimid; airfidh muid | airfidh sibh | airfidh siad; airfid$^†$ | a airfidh; a airfeas / a n-airfidh* | airfear |
| conditional | d'airfinn / airfinn‡; n-airfinn‡‡ | d'airfeá / airfeá‡; n-airfeá‡‡ | d'airfeadh sé, sí / airfeadh sé, sí‡; n-airfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'airfimis; d'airfeadh muid / airfimis‡; airfeadh muid‡; n-airfimis‡‡; n-airfeadh muid‡‡ | d'airfeadh sibh / airfeadh sibh‡; n-airfeadh sibh‡‡ | d'airfidís; d'airfeadh siad / airfidís‡; airfeadh siad‡; n-airfidís‡‡; n-airfeadh siad‡‡ | a d'airfeadh / a n-airfeadh* | d'airfí / airfí‡; n-airfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go n-aire mé; go n-airead$^†$ | go n-aire tú; go n-airir$^†$ | go n-aire sé, sí | go n-airimid; go n-aire muid | go n-aire sibh | go n-aire siad; go n-airid$^†$ | — | go n-airtear |
| past | dá n-airinn | dá n-airteá | dá n-aireadh sé, sí | dá n-airimis; dá n-aireadh muid | dá n-aireadh sibh | dá n-airidís; dá n-aireadh siad | — | dá n-airtí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | airim | air | aireadh sé, sí | airimis | airigí; airidh$^†$ | airidís | — | airtear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

#### Noun

air m
* genitive singular of ar

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (stressed) /ɛɾʲ/, (unstressed) /əɾʲ/

#### Pronoun

air (emphatic airsean)
* third-person singular masculine of ar (on him, on it m)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “air”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 airid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Kedah Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ä.jäq/

### Noun

air
* water
    air manis ― sweet water

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wahiR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Kein
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑiɾ/

### Noun

air
* woman

### Further reading

* Bemal Organized Phonology Data

## Ludian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *airo.

### Noun

air
* oar

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (āir).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /air/
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [ajɪː, -jeː, je̞ː]
* Audio (Johor-Riau):(file)
* Rhymes: -air

### Noun

air (Jawi spelling اٴير, informal 1st possessive airku, 2nd possessive airmu, 3rd possessive airnya)
* water (liquid H$_2$O)
** 2012, Faridah Abdul Rashid, Research on the Early Malay Doctors : 1900-1957 : Malaya and Singapore
    loji rawatan airwater treatment plant

#### Alternative forms

* aek (Pontianak)
* aer (Medan)
* ayer (obsolete, surviving in place names, pre-1972 in British East Indies)
* ayar

#### Synonyms

Regional synonyms of air (“water”) :
| view map; |||
| Region | Variety | Words |
| Brunei | Standard | air |
| Brunei | Dialect | aying, aing |
| Brunei | Kedayan | aying |
| Indonesia | Standard | air |
| Indonesia | Ambonese | aer |
| Indonesia | Balinese | aer |
| Indonesia | Bangka | aek, aik |
| Indonesia | Deli | aer |
| Indonesia | Jambi | aek |
| Indonesia | Ketapang | air |
| Indonesia | Langkat | aer |
| Indonesia | Makassar | aer, aerek |
| Indonesia | Manado | aer |
| Indonesia | Medan | aer |
| Indonesia | Pontianak | aek |
| Indonesia | Riau | ae, aie |
| Indonesia | Sambas | aek |
| Indonesia | Tenggarong Kutai | aer |
| Indonesia | Ternate | aer |
| Malaysia | Johor | ae |
| Malaysia | Kedah | ayaq |
| Malaysia | Kelantan | ae |
| Malaysia | Melaka | ae |
| Malaysia | Negeri Sembilan | ae |
| Malaysia | Pahang | ae |
| Malaysia | Penang | ayaq |
| Malaysia | Sabah | air |
| Singapore | Standard | air |
| Singapore | Baba | ayer |
| Thailand | Pattani | อา-เอ |
| Overseas Malay | Cocos | aer |

#### Derived terms

* berair
* berpengairan
* keairan
* mengairi
* pengairan
* perairan
* air bah
* air batu
* air bawah tanah
* air belanda
* air bergas
* air besar
* air jarang
* air kecil
* air kemih
* air kencing
* air ketuban
* air kosong
* air laut
* air liat
* air ludah
* air mani
* air masin
* air mata
* air mawar
* air putih
* air sembahyang
* air seni
* air tanah
* air tawar
* air terjun
* alr liur
* anjing air
* badak air
* biawak air
* bilik air
* buang air
* buang air besar
* buang air kecil
* cat air
* dendang air
* gelema air
* gelemair
* jambu air
* luncur air
* mata air
* paru-paru berair
* simpuh air
* taman tema air
* tanah air
* zat air

#### Descendants

* Baba Malay: aye
* Indonesian: air

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wahiR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “اير ajar”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 86
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “اير ayer or ayar”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 64
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “ayer”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, pages 56-7

### Further reading

* “air” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Norman
### Etymology

From Latin āēr.

### Noun

air m (plural airs)
* air (mixture of gases that make up the earth's atmosphere)

#### Related terms

* atmosphère, atmosphéthe

## Old Breton
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *aɨr ("battle, carnage"), from Proto-Celtic *agrom ("slaughter, battle"). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- ("field, pasturage"), from *h₂eǵ- ("to drive").

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ai̯r/

### Noun

air
* battle, slaughter; carnage

#### Cognates

* Old Cornish hair
* Old Welsh hair
** Middle Welsh aer

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* aer, aïr, ar, eir, aeir, eyer, aire

### Etymology

From Latin āēr.

### Noun

air oblique singular, m (oblique plural airs, nominative singular airs, nominative plural air)
* air (mixture of gases that make up the earth's atmosphere)

#### Descendants

* French: air
* Norman: air
* → Middle English: aire, ayre, eire, eyre, aere
** English: air
** Scots: air
** Yola: aare

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* ar

### Etymology

From the same root as ar (“for”, preposition).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /arʲ/

### Conjunction

air
* for (because, since)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:air.

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiR, compare Malay air.

### Noun

air
* water
    Synonyms: bañu, jahnī, jala, salila, tīrtha, toya, uda, wari, wwe

#### Alternative forms

* er
* her

#### Derived terms

* paer
* air baraṅan
* air haji
* air waraṅan
* air śānti
* airtali
* ertali
* saṅ hyaṅ dalĕm er

### Further reading

* "air" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Pohnpeian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɐjir/

### Verb

air
* (transitive) to strip off, as when stripping insulation off a wire
* (transitive) to wipe off a ropelike object by drawing it through one's hand or fingers
    Air mahs keleuen.Please wipe the sap off the hibiscus bast.

## Scots
### Etymology 1

From Middle English air, from Old French air, from Latin āēr.

#### Noun

air (uncountable)
* air, atmosphere

##### Derived terms

* air-cock (“weathercock”)
* air-goat (“snipe”)

#### References

* “air, n.$^1$”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 2

From Icelandic ar (“mote, speck of dust”).

#### Alternative forms

* aire, aer

#### Noun

air (plural airs)
* (Northern Isles, Caithness, Banff) A small quantity, particle, morsel; pinch (of snuff); whiff; taste

#### References

* “air, n.$^2$”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 3

Perhaps from air. See above.

#### Verb

air (third-person singular simple present airs, present participle airin, simple past aired, past participle aired)
* (Orkney) to taste

#### References

* “air, v.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 4

From Middle English ore, from Old English ār, from Proto-West Germanic *airu.

#### Alternative forms

* aer (Shetland)

#### Noun

air (plural airs)
* (Orkney, Caithness, Northern Scots) oar

#### References

* “air, n.$^3$”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 5

Derived from Old Norse eyrr.

#### Alternative forms

* aer, aire, ayre, er (Northern Isles)

#### Noun

air (plural airs)
* (Northern Isles) gravelly beach

#### References

* “air, n.$^4$”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 6

From Middle English eire, from Old French eire, from Latin iter (“journey”).

#### Noun

air (plural airs)
* (obsolete) eyre

#### References

* “air, n.$^5$”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 7

From Middle English er, from Old English ǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *airi.

#### Alternative forms

* ear

#### Adverb

air (not comparable)
* early

#### Adjective

air (not comparable)
* early

#### References

* “air, adv., adj.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* (Lewis) IPA: /eð/
* (North Uist, Skye, Wester Ross) IPA: /eɾʲ/
* (South Uist) IPA: (preposition) /ɛɾʲ/, /əɾʲ/, (3sg conjugation) /ɛɾʲ/
* (Barra) IPA: (preposition) [əɾʲ~əʒ], (3sg conjugation) [æɾʲ~æʒ]

### Etymology 1

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:
* ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
* for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
* íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
Cognates include Irish ar and Manx er.

#### Preposition

air (+ dative, triggers lenition in certain established phrases)
* on, upon
    air bàrr a' bhalla ― on top of the wall
    tha mi air an rathad ― I'm on my way
    air m' fhacal, chan innis mi dhi ― on my word, I will not tell her
    beag air bheag ― little by little (literally, “little on little”)
* in (certain geographical contexts)
    air a' Ghàidhealtachd ― in the Highlands
    air an dùthaich ― in the countryside
* of, concerning
    iomradh air do ghliocas ― a report of thy wisdom
* by
    air ainm ― by name
* from
    theich an duine orm ― the man fled from me
* (idiomatic) Used to indicate inalienable possession, feelings and minor medical conditions
    dè an t-ainm a tha ort? ― what's your name? (literally, “what the name that is on you?”)
    tha an t-acras orm ― I'm hungry (literally, “the hunger is on me”)
    tha falt dubh orra ― they have black hair (literally, “black hair is on them”)
    tha an cnatan oirre ― she has a bad cold (literally, “the cold is on her”)
* for, on account of, by means of, through, within (triggers lenition)
    air an adhbhar sin ― for that reason
    air bheag de làithean ― within a few days
* Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state (triggers lenition)
    bha mi air bhoil às dèidh dhomh siud fhaicinn ― I was enraged after I saw that
    bhiomaid air chall nan robh sinn anns a' choille ud ― we'd be lost if we were in that forest
    thèid mi air chèilidh air mo sheanmhair ― I will visit my grandmother
* (in conjunction with the verb bi) must, have to
    tha e air ri phàigheadh ― he has to pay (literally, “it is on him to pay”)
* (in one common phrase) or (triggers lenition)
    rud air choreigin ― something or other
* Used with a verbal noun to indicate the perfect tense; after
    tha mi air an obair a dhèanamh ― I have done the work (literally, “I am after the work its doing”)
    bha iad uile air falbh sa mhadainn ― they had all left in the morning (literally, “they were all after leaving in the morning”)
    bhithinn air faighinn às leis ― I would have gotten away with it (literally, “I would be after getting away with it”)

##### Derived terms

* air dheireadh (“behind; late”)
* air sgàth (“for the sake of”)
* airson (“for”)

#### Pronoun

air
* third-person singular masculine of air: on him, on it

### Etymology 2

Reduced form of thar.

#### Alternative forms

* ar

#### Preposition

air (+ genitive, triggers lenition)
* form of thar; rarely used outside of the old counting system
    deich air fhichead ― thirty (literally, “ten over twenty”)
    a' dol air beinn ― going over a mountain

##### Usage notes

* The rule that this preposition governs the genitive is inconsistent.

##### Derived terms

* air fhichead (“twenty-...”)

### References

* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
* ↑ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
* ↑ Rev. C. M. Robertson (1902) “Skye Gaelic”, in Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Volume XXIII: 1898-99‎, Gaelic Society of Inverness, pages 54-88
* ↑ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
* ↑ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “air”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “air”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN
* MacLennan, Malcolm (1925) A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Edinburgh: J. Grant, →OCLC

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *airo.

### Noun

air
* oar

#### Declension
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ai̯r/

### Noun

air
* Soft mutation of gair.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.