# 海南
## Chinese

* 海南 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 海南 (Cantonese)
* 海南 (Classical)
* 海南 (Gan)
* Hói-nàm (Hakka)
* Hāi-nàng (Eastern Min)
* Hái-lâm (Southern Min)
* 海南 (Wu)

### Etymology

Literally, south of a “sea”, which, in the case of Hainan Island or province, refers to the Qiongzhou Strait (瓊州海峽 / 琼州海峡 (Qióngzhōu Hǎixiá)), and in the case of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, refers to the Qinghai Lake (青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)). The district in Wuhai, Inner Mongolia is named after its position relative to the Haibowan (海勃灣／海勃湾) District.
“Kainan” is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 海(かい)南(なん) (Kainan).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Hǎinán
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄋㄢˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoi$^2$ naam$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hoi$^2$ nam$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Hói-nàm
    (Hailu, HRS): hoi$^ˊ$ nam
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hoi$^3$ nam$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): Hāi-nàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hai$^3$ nang$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Hái-lâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hai$^2$ lam$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$he-noe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Hǎinán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄋㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Hǎinán
*** Wade–Giles: Hai$^3$-nan$^2$
*** Yale: Hǎi-nán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Haenan
*** Palladius: Хайнань (Xajnanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^2$ naam$^4$
*** Yale: hói nàahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^2$ naam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^2$ nam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯³⁵ naːm²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hoi$^2$ nam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hᵘɔi⁵⁵ ⁿdam²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hói-nàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: hoi$^ˋ$ nam$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hoi$^3$ nam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hoi̯³¹ nam¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hoi$^ˊ$ nam
*** Sinological IPA: /hoi²⁴⁻³³ nam⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hoi$^3$ nam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hoɪ³¹ nam¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Hāi-nàng
*** Sinological IPA : /hai³³⁻²¹ nˡaŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hai$^3$ nang$^2$ [Phonetic: hai$^2$ nang$^2$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Hâi-náng
*** Sinological IPA : /hai⁴⁵³⁻¹³ naŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hai$^3$ nang$^2$ [Phonetic: hai$^1$ nang$^2$]
*** Sinological IPA : /hai³³²⁻⁵⁵ naŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hái-lâm
*** Tâi-lô: Hái-lâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haylaam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hai$^2$ lam$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hái lâm
*** Sinological IPA : /hai⁵²⁻³⁵ lam⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$he-noe
*** MiniDict: he$^去$ noe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$he-noe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /he³³ nø⁴⁴/

### Proper noun

海南
* (～島) Hainan, Hainan Island (an island off the coast of southern China)
    From: Zhou Qufei, Representative Answers from the Region beyond the Mountains, 12th century CE
    Hǎinán Lí rén, qīn sǐ, bù shí zhōu fàn, wéi yǐnjiǔ shí shēng niúròu, yǐwéi zhìxiào zài shì. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (～省) Hainan (a province off the coast of southern China, primarily made up of Hainan Island)
* (～藏族自治州, ～州) Hainan, Tibetan Hainan Autonomous Prefecture (A Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)
* (～區) Hainan (a district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, China)
* (～市) Kainan (a city in Wakayama prefecture, Japan)

#### Synonyms

* (Hainan Island): (historical or literary) 瓊州／琼州 (Qióngzhōu), 瓊崖／琼崖 (Qióngyá)

#### Coordinate terms

* 海東／海东 (Hǎidōng)
* 海西 (Hǎixī)
* 海北 (Hǎiběi)
* 南海 (Nánhǎi)

#### Derived terms

* 海南人 (Hǎinánrén)
* 海南地不容 (Hǎinán dìbùróng)
* 海南島 / 海南岛 (Hǎinán Dǎo)
* 海南話 / 海南话 (Hǎinánhuà)
* 海南雞飯 / 海南鸡饭 (Hǎinán jīfàn)
* 海南鳽 / 海南𫛚 (hǎinánjiān)
* 潮州粿條福建麵，海南咖啡廣府炒 / 潮州粿条福建面，海南咖啡广府炒 (Cháozhōu guǒtiáo Fújiàn miàn, Hǎinán kāfēi Guǎngfǔ chǎo)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 海南(かいなん) (Kainan)
* → Korean: 해남(海南) (Haenam)
* → Vietnamese: Hải Nam (海南)
Others:
* → English: Hainan, Hai-nan
* → Russian: Хайна́нь (Xajnánʹ)
* → Thai: ไหหลำ (hǎi-lǎm)
* → Zhuang: Haijnanz

### References

* Duffus, William (1883) “Hainan”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 130

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 海 | 南 |
| かい Grade: 2 | なん Grade: 2 |
| goon ||
* Alternative spelling
* 海南 (kyūjitai)
Located at the southern part of 海草(かいそう)郡(ぐん) (kaisōgun, “Kaisō District, Wakayama”).

#### Proper noun

海(かい)南(なん) • (Kainan)
* Kainan (a city in Wakayama prefecture, Japan)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 海 | 南 |
| ハイ Grade: 2 | ナン Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 海南 (kyūjitai)
From Mandarin 海南 (Hǎinán)

#### Proper noun

海(ハイ)南(ナン) • (Hainan)
* Hainan (an island and province of China)
* Hainan, Tibetan Hainan Autonomous Prefecture (A Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)
* Hainan (a district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, China)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 海 | 南 |
| ヘ Grade: 2 | ナム Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 海南 (kyūjitai)
Kanji in this term :
| 海 | 南 |
| かい Grade: 2 | なん Grade: 2 |
| goon ||
* Alternative spelling
* 海南 (kyūjitai)
From Korean 해남 (Haenam)

#### Proper noun

海(かい)南(なん) or 海(ヘ)南(ナム) • (Kainan or Henamu)
* Haenam (a county of South Jeolla Province, South Korea)

##### See also

* 黄(こう)海(かい)南(なん)道(どう) (Kōkai Nandō)
* 海(かい)北(ほう) (Kaihō)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 海 | 南 |

### Proper noun

海南 • (Haenam) (hangeul 해남)
* hanja form of 해남 :
** Hainan (an island and province of China)
** Hainan, Tibetan Hainan Autonomous Prefecture (A Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)
** Hainan (a district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, China)
** Haenam (a county of South Jeolla Province, South Korea)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 海 | 南 |

### Proper noun

海南
* chữ Hán form of Hải Nam.:
** Hainan (an island and province of China)
** Hainan, Tibetan Hainan Autonomous Prefecture (A Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)
** Hainan (a district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, China)