# 礦

| 礦 | U+7926, &#31014; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7926 |
| ← 礥 [U+7925] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 礧 → [U+7927] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 礦 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 砿 |
| Simplified | 矿 |
| Traditional | 礦 |
| Simplified | 矿 |
| Japanese | 鉱 |
| Korean | 鑛 |

### Han character

礦 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口戈廿金 (MRITC), four-corner 1068$_6$, composition ⿰石廣)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24564
* Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 13
* Unihan data for U+7926

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 僙 | *kʷaːŋ |
| 廣 | *kʷaːŋʔ |
| 鄺 | *kʷaːŋʔ, *qʰʷaːŋ |
| 懬 | *kʰʷaːŋʔ, *kʰaːŋʔ |
| 爌 | *kʰʷaːŋʔ, *kʰʷaːŋs, *qʰʷaːŋʔ |
| 曠 | *kʰʷaːŋs |
| 矌 | *kʰʷaːŋs |
| 壙 | *kʰʷaːŋs |
| 纊 | *kʰʷaːŋs |
| 黃 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 璜 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 潢 | *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷaːŋs |
| 簧 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 癀 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 鱑 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 獚 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 蟥 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 趪 | *ɡʷaːŋ |
| 櫎 | *ɡʷaːŋʔ |
| 擴 | *ɡʷlaːŋs, *kʰʷaːɡ |
| 瀇 | *qʷaːŋʔ |
| 獷 | *kʷaŋʔ, *kʷraːŋʔ |
| 觵 | *kʷraːŋ |
| 礦 | *kʷraːŋʔ |
| 鑛 | *kʷraːŋʔ |
| 穬 | *kʷraːŋʔ |
| 橫 | *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ |
| 黌 | *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 鐄 | *ɡʷraːŋ |
| 嚝 | *qʰʷraːŋ |
| 彉 | *kʷaːɡ, *qʰʷaːɡ |
| 彍 | *kʷaːɡ, *qʰʷaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷraːŋʔ): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kuàng, gǒng (kuang$^4$, gong$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˋ, ㄍㄨㄥˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kuang$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwong$^3$ / gwong$^3$ / kong$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khóng / khong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): guang$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kuōng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khǹg / khòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kuang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland and Taiwan standard)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻuang$^4$
*** Yale: kwàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
*** Palladius: куан (kuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǒng
*** Wade–Giles: kung$^3$
*** Yale: gǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goong
*** Palladius: гун (gun)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʊŋ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: kuang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuong
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwong$^3$ / gwong$^3$ / kong$^3$
*** Yale: kwong / gwong / kong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwong$^3$ / gwong$^3$ / kong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuong$^3$ / guong$^3$ / kong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɔːŋ³³/, /kʷɔːŋ³³/, /kʰɔːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng / khong
*** Hakka Romanization System: kong$^ˋ$ / kong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kong$^3$ / kong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹/, /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: guang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuaŋ³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kuōng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuoŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: korng$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǹg
*** Tâi-lô: khǹg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qngx
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰŋ̍⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
*** Tâi-lô: khòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
* khǹg - vernacular;
* khòng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: kwaengX
Rime :
| Character | 礦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (110) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古猛切 |
| Baxter | kwaengX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠwæŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷᵚaŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuaŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwaɨjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kwɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kwɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwang$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷraːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 礦 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5395 |
| Phonetic component | 黄 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 礦 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷraːŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文作磺 |

### Definitions

礦
* mineral deposit
* ore
* mine
* a surname, Kuang

### Compounds

* 人礦 / 人矿 (rénkuàng)
* 共生礦 / 共生矿
* 北海油礦 / 北海油矿
* 博淄煤礦 / 博淄煤矿
* 原生礦物 / 原生矿物
* 團礦 / 团矿
* 大冶鐵礦 / 大冶铁矿
* 大同煤礦 / 大同煤矿
* 富礦 / 富矿 (fùkuàng)
* 工礦檢查 / 工矿检查
* 工礦炸藥 / 工矿炸药
* 成礦作用 / 成矿作用
* 探礦 / 探矿 (tànkuàng)
* 採礦 / 采矿 (cǎikuàng)
* 斑光銅礦 / 斑光铜矿
* 斑銅礦 / 斑铜矿 (bāntóngkuàng)
* 方鉛礦 / 方铅矿
* 次生礦物 / 次生矿物
* 水錳礦 / 水锰矿
* 油礦 / 油矿
* 淄博煤礦 / 淄博煤矿
* 煤礦 / 煤矿 (méikuàng)
* 燃料礦物 / 燃料矿物
* 白鉛礦 / 白铅矿 (báiqiānkuàng)
* 白鎢礦 / 白钨矿 (báiwūkuàng)
* 砂礫礦床 / 砂砾矿床
* 砷黃鐵礦 / 砷黄铁矿
* 磁鐵礦 / 磁铁矿 (cítiěkuàng)
* 磁黃鐵礦 / 磁黄铁矿
* 磷礦 / 磷矿 (Línkuàng)
* 磷酸礦 / 磷酸矿
* 礦井 / 矿井 (kuàngjǐng)
* 礦化作用 / 矿化作用
* 礦區 / 矿区 (kuàngqū)
* 礦坑 / 矿坑 (kuàngkēng)
* 礦場 / 矿场 (kuàngchǎng)
* 礦塵 / 矿尘
* 礦層 / 矿层
* 礦山 / 矿山 (kuàngshān)
* 礦工 / 矿工 (kuànggōng)
* 礦床 / 矿床 (kuàngchuáng)
* 礦業 / 矿业 (kuàngyè)
* 礦業權 / 矿业权
* 礦業法 / 矿业法
* 礦泉 / 矿泉 (kuàngquán)
* 礦油 / 矿油
* 礦泉水 / 矿泉水 (kuàngquánshuǐ)
* 礦燈 / 矿灯
* 礦物 / 矿物 (kuàngwù)
* 礦物學 / 矿物学 (kuàngwùxué)
* 礦物油 / 矿物油
* 礦物纖維 / 矿物纤维
* 礦物質 / 矿物质 (kuàngwùzhì)
* 礦產 / 矿产 (kuàngchǎn)
* 礦石 / 矿石 (kuàngshí)
* 礦砂 / 矿砂
* 礦綿 / 矿绵
* 礦脈 / 矿脉
* 礦脂 / 矿脂 (kuàngzhī)
* 礦苗 / 矿苗
* 礦藏 / 矿藏 (kuàngcáng)
* 礦體 / 矿体
* 礦鹽 / 矿盐
* 聚礦作用 / 聚矿作用
* 脈石礦物 / 脉石矿物
* 萍鄉煤礦 / 萍乡煤矿
* 菱鋅礦 / 菱锌矿
* 菱鎂礦 / 菱镁矿
* 菱鐵礦 / 菱铁矿
* 褐錳礦 / 褐锰矿
* 褐鐵礦 / 褐铁矿
* 貧礦 / 贫矿
* 赤鉛礦 / 赤铅矿
* 赤銅礦 / 赤铜矿
* 赤鐵礦 / 赤铁矿 (chìtiěkuàng)
* 軟錳礦 / 软锰矿
* 輝銅礦 / 辉铜矿
* 輝銀礦 / 辉银矿
* 輝銻礦 / 辉锑矿
* 選礦 / 选矿
* 酸礦 / 酸矿
* 金礦 / 金矿 (jīnkuàng)
* 鈾礦 / 铀矿 (yóukuàng)
* 鉛礦 / 铅矿 (qiānkuàng)
* 銀礦 / 银矿 (yínkuàng)
* 銅礦 / 铜矿 (tóngkuàng)
* 鋁土礦 / 铝土矿 (lǚtǔkuàng)
* 鋅鐵礦 / 锌铁矿
* 錫礦 / 锡矿 (xīkuàng)
* 錫礦山 / 锡矿山
* 鎢錳鐵礦 / 钨锰铁矿
* 鏡鐵礦 / 镜铁矿
* 鐵礦 / 铁矿 (tiěkuàng)
* 開灤煤礦 / 开滦煤矿
* 開礦 / 开矿 (kāikuàng)
* 露天礦 / 露天矿
* 黃鐵礦 / 黄铁矿 (huángtiěkuàng)
* 黝銅礦 / 黝铜矿

### Descendants

* → Bouyei: kuangq
* → Zhuang: gvangq

### References

* “礦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02873

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 砿 |
| Kyūjitai | 礦 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 砿)
* Alternative form of 鉱: mineral

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: あらがね (aragane, 礦)

#### Compounds

* 礦(こう)業(ぎょう) (kōgyō, “mining”)
* 礦(こう)石(せき) (kōseki, “ore”)
* 炭(たん)礦(こう) (tankō, “coal mine”)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 礦
* あらがね Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 礦 – see the following entry. :
| 【粗金あらがね】 | [noun] unsmelted metal ore Alternative spellings 鉱, 鑛, 砿, 丱, あらかね |
(This term, 礦, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

礦 • (gwang, hwang) (hangeul 광, 황, revised gwang, hwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, hwang, Yale kwang, hwang)
* mineral, ore

## Vietnamese
### Han character

礦: Hán Nôm readings: khoáng, quáng, khoắng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.