# حال
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

حَالَ • (ḥāla) I (non-past يَحُولُ (yaḥūlu), verbal noun حَوْل (ḥawl) or حُؤُول (ḥuʔūl))
* to change, to be transformed
* to turn, to transform [with إِلَى (ʔilā) or accusative ‘into something’]
* to become [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘something’]
* to dodge, to evade [with عَن (ʕan) ‘something, e.g. a commitment’]
* to elapse, to pass, to go by

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

حَالَ • (ḥāla) I (non-past يَحُولُ (yaḥūlu), verbal noun حَوْل (ḥawl) or حَيْلُولَة (ḥaylūla) or حُؤُول (ḥuʔūl))
* to intervene, to come [with بَيْنَ (bayna) ‘between two things’]
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 8:24:وَٱعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَحُولُ بَيْنَ المَرْءِ وَقَلْبِهِwa-ʕlamū ʔanna llāha yaḥūlu bayna l-marʔi wa-qalbihiAnd know that God stands between a person and their heart […]
* to prevent [with دُونَ (dūna) ‘something’]

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

حَال • (ḥāl) m or f (plural أَحْوَال (ʔaḥwāl))
* condition, state, situation, position, status, circumstance, matter, concern, being
* current circumstances, present, actuality
* (grammar) present
    Coordinate terms: مَاضٍ (māḍin), مُسْتَقْبَل (mustaqbal)
* (grammar) a circumstantial expression, adverbial

##### Derived terms

* دَوَامُ الْحَالِ مِنَ الْمُحَالِ (dawāmu l-ḥāli mina l-muḥāli)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: hal
* → Middle Armenian: հալ (hal)
** Armenian: հալ (hal)
* → Bengali: হাল (hal)
* → Malay: hal
** Indonesian: hal
* → Ottoman Turkish: حال (hâl)
** Turkish: hâl
** → Albanian: hall
** → Bulgarian: хал (hal)
** → Greek: χάλι (cháli)
** → Ladino: hal
** → Romanian: hal
** → Serbo-Croatian: hȃl / ха̑л
* → Persian: حال (hâl)
** → Hindi: हाल (hāl)
** → Punjabi: ਹਾਲ (hāl)
** → Urdu: حال (hāl)
* → Swahili: hali

### Etymology 2

Adverbial accusative of حَال (ḥāl, “circumstance”).

#### Preposition

حَالَ • (ḥāla)
* during, right after, immediately upon

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3
#### Adjective

حَالٍ • (ḥālin) (feminine حَالِيَة (ḥāliya), masculine plural حَوَالٍ (ḥawālin), feminine plural حَالِيَات (ḥāliyāt))
* active participle of حَلَى (ḥalā)
* wearing an ornament or jewellery
* having an ornament or jewellery

##### Declension
### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “حال”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 338
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “حال”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 444–445
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “حال”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 673
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “حال”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 251–252
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 304

## North Levantine Arabic
### Alternative forms

* حاله (ḥāli) (noun only)

### Etymology

From Arabic حال (ḥāl).

### Noun

حال • (ḥāl) m (plural احوال (aḥwāl))
* condition; state
* case; circumstance

### Pronoun

حال • (ḥāl-)
* (with personal suffix) -self; -selves (reflexive pronoun)
    ما بفهم ناس ما هما الا حالاMa bifham nās ma hamma illa ḥāla.I don't understand people who care only about themselves.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَال (ḥāl).

### Noun

حال • (hâl) (plural احوال (ahvâl))
* situation, state, condition
    Synonym: وضعیت (vażʿiyyet)
* attitude, behaviour
    Synonym: طاورانیش (davranış)
* manner, method, mode
* present (this current moment)
* (grammar) present tense
* (grammar) noun in the adverbial accusative (in Arabic)
* power, strength
    Synonyms: طاقت (takat), گوچ (güç), قوت (kuvvet)
* pain, grief, sorrow, distress
    Synonyms: درد (derd), كدر (keder), صیقندی (sıkındı)
* quality, property, attribute
* extasy, trance, in which Sufi mystics go
    Synonym: وجد (vecd)
* ardent sexual love, passion

#### Descendants

* Turkish: hâl
* → Albanian: hall
* → Bulgarian: хал (hal)
* → Greek: χάλι (cháli)
* → Ladino: hal
* → Romanian: hal
* → Serbo-Croatian: hȃl / ха̑л

### Adverb

حال • (hâl)
* now
    Synonym: شمدی (şimdi)

### See also

* حل (hal, “solution”)
* خال (hal, “mother's brother”)
* خال (hal, “spot on the skin”)
* خل (hal, “vinegar”)
* خلع (hal, “removal”)

### References

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hâl”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1845f.
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حال”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 493f.
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حال”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 756f.

## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [hɑːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hɑːl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hɑːl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔɑːl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔɔːl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hɒːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [hɔl]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic حَال (ḥāl).

#### Noun

حال • (hāl / hâl) (plural حالات (hālāt / hâlât) or احوال (ahwāl / ahvâl))
* condition; state
    حالت خوبه؟ ― hâl-et xub-e? ― How are you? (literally, “Is your state good?”)
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 126:بس که می‌خواهم که داند عاشقان را حال چیست حال زارم بیند و می‌پرسدم کاحوال چیستbas ki mē-xwāham ki dānad āšiqān rā hāl čīst hāl-i zāram bīnad u mē-pursadam k-ahwāl čīstI so dearly want her to know what the state of [her] lovers are, For her to see my wretched state and ask me what the matter is.(Classical Persian transliteration)
** condition of health; (on its own) good health
    استراحت حال او را بهتر نکرده.esterâhat hâl-e u râ behtar na-karde.Rest has not improved his health.
** mood, state of mind
    من حال غذا خوردن ندارم.man hâl-e ğazâ xordan na-dâram.I'm not in the mood to eat something.
** (including Sufism) ecstatic or mystical state
* Short for زمان حال (zamān-i hāl / zamân-e hâl, “(grammar) the present tense”).
* (in idiomatic expressions) senses, consciousness

##### Derived terms

* از حال رفتن (az hāl raftan / az hâl raftan, “to faint”)
* به حال آمدن (ba hāl āmadan / be hâl âmadan, “to come to one's senses”)
* ترجمهٔ حال (tarjuma-yi hāl / tarjome-ye hâl, “biography”)
* حال آنکه (hāl-i ānki / hâl-e ânke, “whereas”)
* در حال (dar hāl / dar hâl, “immediately”)

##### Related terms

* حالت (hālat / hâlat)

##### Descendants

* → Hindi: हाल (hāl)
* → Punjabi: ਹਾਲ (hāl)
* → Urdu: حال (hāl)

### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

حال • (hāl / hâl)
* Alternative form of حالا (hālā / hâlâ, “now”).

## Punjabi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حَال (hāl), borrowed from Arabic حَال (ḥāl).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /ɦäːlᵊ/
* Homophone: ہال (hāl)

### Noun

حال • (ḥāl) m (plural حالات, Gurmukhi spelling ਹਾਲ)
* state of being; health (of a person)
* state, condition (of an item)
* state in time; present, the present moment
* state, circumstance
* status, account (ie. a report or news)
* ecstatic state

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “حال”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
* Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “حال”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
* “ਹਾਲ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَال (ḥāl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaːl/, [ħæːl]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

حال • (ḥāl) m (plural أحوال (ʔaḥwāl))
* state, condition
* case, instance

### Pronoun

حال • (ḥāl-)
* (with personal suffix) -self, -selves (reflexive pronoun)
    Synonym: نفس (nafs-)

#### Derived terms

* لحال (la-ḥāl-, “by oneself”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حَال (hāl), borrowed from Arabic حَال (ḥāl).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɦɑːl/
* Audio (Pakistan):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːl
* Homophone: ہال (hāl)

### Noun

حال • (hāl) m (formal plural حالات (hālāt), Hindi spelling हाल)
* state, condition
* (time) present
* status
* circumstance

#### Declension
### References

* “حال”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “حال”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.