# 壺

| 壺 | U+58FA, &#22778; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58FA |
| ← 壹 [U+58F9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壻 → [U+58FB] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 壺 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 壷 |
| Simplified | 壶 |

### Han character

壺 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土月中一 (GBLM), four-corner 4010$_7$)

#### Derived characters

* 㯛 𩞵 𰚈 𤬗 𡕏 𫯉 𥃕 𦺟 𬀘

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 243, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5657
* Dae Jaweon: page 484, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 468, character 1
* Unihan data for U+58FA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 壺 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |

### Etymology

Contraction of 葫蘆 (OC *ɡaː raː, “calabash”) (Wu, 2006).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hú (hu$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wu$^4$ / wu$^{4-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fù
    (Hailu, HRS): fu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fu$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ù
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hou$^2$ / ou$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hô͘ / ô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hu$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$wu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hú
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hú
*** Wade–Giles: hu$^2$
*** Yale: hú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
*** Palladius: ху (xu)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: fu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
*** Sinological IPA : /fu²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wu$^4$ / wu$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: wùh / wú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wu$^4$ / wu$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wu$^4$ / wu$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuː²¹/, /wuː²¹⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
*** Hakka Romanization System: fu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fu
*** Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /fu⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ù
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hou$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hó
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔu¹³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ou$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ó
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔu¹³/
* hou2 - literary;
* ou2 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: hu
Rime :
| Character | 壺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 戸吳切 |
| Baxter | hu |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣo/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](ʷ)ˤa/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷlaː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 壺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hu › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ](ʷ)ˁa/ |
| English | flask |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壺 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5286 |
| Phonetic component | 壺 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 胡 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷlaː/ |

### Definitions

壺
* pot; jar; kettle (vessel used to boil liquid); jug; vase; can; thermos; bottle; flask; canteen (water bottle)
* (historical) a kind of ancient vessel
* Classifier for bottled liquid.
    一壺水／一壶水 [Cantonese] ― jat$^1$ wu$^4$ seoi$^2$ [Jyutping] ― a pot of water
* a surname

### Compounds

* 一壺千金 / 一壶千金
* 便壺 / 便壶 (biànhú)
* 冰壺 / 冰壶 (bīnghú)
* 冰壺玉尺 / 冰壶玉尺
* 冰壺秋月 / 冰壶秋月
* 唾壺 / 唾壶 (tuòhú)
* 噴壺 / 喷壶 (pēnhú)
* 執壺 / 执壶
* 壺中天地 / 壶中天地
* 壺中日月 / 壶中日月
* 壺中物 / 壶中物
* 壺公 / 壶公
* 壺口瀑布 / 壶口瀑布 (Húkǒu Pùbù)
* 壺天 / 壶天
* 壺天日月 / 壶天日月
* 壺漿 / 壶浆
* 壺漏 / 壶漏
* 壺漿塞道 / 壶浆塞道
* 壺狀花冠 / 壶状花冠
* 壺穴 / 壶穴
* 壺腹 / 壶腹 (húfù)
* 壺蘆 / 壶芦
* 壺裡乾坤 / 壶里干坤
* 壺飧 / 壶飧
* 夜壺 / 夜壶 (yèhú)
* 大彬壺 / 大彬壶
* 大茶壺 / 大茶壶
* 宜興壺 / 宜兴壶
* 尿壺 / 尿壶 (niàohú)
* 懸壺 / 悬壶 (xuánhú)
* 懸壺濟世 / 悬壶济世 (xuánhújìshì)
* 扳壺 / 扳壶
* 投壺 / 投壶 (tóuhú)
* 挈壺 / 挈壶
* 挈榼提壺 / 挈榼提壶
* 提壺 / 提壶 (tíhú)
* 提壺蘆 / 提壶芦
* 擊碎唾壺 / 击碎唾壶
* 方壺 / 方壶
* 暖壺 / 暖壶 (nuǎnhú)
* 水壺 / 水壶 (shuǐhú)
* 沙壺 / 沙壶
* 漏壺 / 漏壶 (lòuhú)
* 王敦擊壺 / 王敦击壶
* 玉壺 / 玉壶
* 玉女投壺 / 玉女投壶
* 畫壺 / 画壶
* 硯水壺兒 / 砚水壶儿
* 碰壺 / 碰壶
* 箭壺 / 箭壶
* 簞食壺漿 / 箪食壶浆
* 肝胰壺腹 / 肝胰壶腹 (gānyíhúfù)
* 茶壺 / 茶壶 (cháhú)
* 蓬壺 / 蓬壶
* 藥壺 / 药壶
* 藤壺 / 藤壶 (ténghú)
* 負壺灌區 / 负壶灌区
* 酒壺 / 酒壶 (jiǔhú)
* 金壺 / 金壶
* 銅壺 / 铜壶 (tónghú)
* 銅壺滴漏 / 铜壶滴漏
* 電壺 / 电壶
* 鼻煙壺 / 鼻烟壶 (bíyānhú)

### References

* “壺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00835

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 壷 |
| Print standard | 壺 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 壷)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぐ (gu)、ご (go)
* Kan-on: こ (ko)
* Kun: つぼ (tsubo, 壺)

#### Compounds

* 壺中(こちゅう) (kochū)
* 唾壺(だこ) (dako)
* 銅壺(どうこ) (dōko)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 壺
* つぼ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 壷 (extended shinjitai)
Cognate with 坪 (tsubo). Likely shares its origin with 粒 (tsubu), in expressing the idea of something round and bulging outward.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つぼ [tsùbó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨbo̞]

#### Noun

壺(つぼ) • (tsubo)
* container or depression:
** A pot or jar; a vessel or bottle.
*** 1999 March 1, “太(たい)古(こ)の壺(つぼ) [Ancient Pot]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
    とても壊(こわ)れやすい大(おお)昔(むかし)の壺(つぼ)。中(なか)に何(なに)かが潜(ひそ)んでいるらしい。
       Tote mo koware yasui ōmukashi no tsubo. Naka ni nani ka ga hisonde iru rashii.
       A very fragile antique pot that seems to contain something.
** A basin, as at the base of a waterfall.
** A pressure point in acupressure or acupuncture.
* The core or heart of an issue.
* (slang) Those who believe in the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (formerly the Unification Church) and/or who are in close touch with this religion. (As this religion used to sell vessels to cast out evil spirits)

##### Usage notes

In acupuncture and acupressure contexts, this word is most often spelled either in hiragana as つぼ or in katakana as ツボ.

##### Derived terms

* 壺草(ツボクサ) (tsubokusa)
* 壺皿(つぼさら) (tsubosara)
* 壺菫(ツボスミレ) (tsubosumire)
* 油壺(あぶらつぼ) (aburatsubo)
* 金壺(かなつぼ) (kanatsubo)
* 肥壺(こえつぼ) (koetsubo)
* 骨壺(こつつぼ) (kotsutsubo)
* 酒壺(さかつぼ) (sakatsubo)
* 墨壺(すみつぼ) (sumitsubo)
* 滝壺(たきつぼ) (takitsubo)
* 蛸壺(たこつぼ) (takotsubo)
* 痰壺(たんつぼ) (tantsubo)
* 茶壺(ちゃつぼ) (chatsubo)
* 土壺(どつぼ) (dotsubo)
* 肉壺(にくつぼ) (nikutsubo)
* 野壺(のつぼ) (notsubo)
* 火消壺(ひけしつぼ) (hikeshitsubo)
* 藤壺(ふじつぼ) (fujitsubo), 富士壺(ふじつぼ) (fujitsubo)
* 便壺(べんつぼ) (bentsubo)
* 水壺(みずつぼ) (mizutsubo)
* 湯壺(ゆつぼ) (yutsubo)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 壺
* こ Hyōgai
* kan'on
* Alternative spelling
* 壷 (extended shinjitai)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こ [kóꜜ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞]

#### Noun

壺(こ) • (ko)
* hu (ancient Chinese vessel shaped like a vase, usually used to store alcohol)

##### Derived terms

* 投壺(とうこ) (tōko)
* 扁壺(へんこ) (henko)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɸʷo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [호]

### Hanja

Wikisource 壺 (eum 호 (ho))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

壺: Hán Nôm readings: hồ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.