# goma
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈɡo.mə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈɡo.ma]

### Noun

goma f (plural gomes)
* rubber
* gum
* eraser

#### Derived terms

* fer goma
* goma amoníaca
* goma aràbiga
* goma d'enganxar
* goma d'esborrar
* goma elàstica
* goma escuma
* goma laca
* goma resina
* goma-2

### Further reading

* “goma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “goma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “goma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “goma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology

Attested since 1350. From Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡomɐ]

### Noun

goma f (plural gomas)
* resin, sap, gum
** c1350, K. M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto "Padre Sarmiento", page 197:
    era chẽo de dentro de moytas espeçias et de gomas as mays nobles et as mays virtuosas que ẽno mũdo auyait was filled in the inside with many spices and resins, the most noble and virtuous that there were in the world
* rubber
* eraser

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “goma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “goma”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “goma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “goma”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “goma”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Hausa
### Etymology

From Proto-Chadic *gʷam-, likely an old borrowing from Niger-Congo (compare Proto-Bantu *ìkʊ́mì), or from Proto-Afroasiatic with metathesis. If so, cognate with Egyptian mḏw and Proto-Berber *măraw (whence Central Atlas Tamazight ⵎⵔⴰⵡ (mraw)). Cognate with Ngizim gūmà, Bura kuma, Daba guɓ, Podoko jɨ́ma, Kirya-Konzel gùm, Duwai gū̀mà.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡóː.mà/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [ɡʷóː.mə̀]

### Numeral

gōmà f
* ten

#### Derived terms

* gomiya

## Japanese
### Romanization

goma
* Rōmaji transcription of ごま
* Rōmaji transcription of ゴマ

## Lombard
### Alternative forms

* gomma, guma, gumma

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡoma/, [ˈɡomɑ], [ˈɡumɑ]

### Noun

goma f (plural gome)
* rubber
* gum
* eraser
* tyre

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaumu, Proto-Germanic *gaumō.

### Noun

goma f
* attention
* meal

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: gôme
** Dutch: goom

#### References

* “gōma”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gōmō, from Proto-Germanic *gōmô.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡoː.mɑ/

### Noun

gōma m
* palate, the roof of the mouth

#### Declension

Weak:

#### Descendants

* Middle English: gome, goome, gomme, gumme
** English: gum, goom (dialectal)
** Scots: goom, geem, gum

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡõ.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡõ.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡo.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈɡo.mɐ/
* Rhymes: -omɐ

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi).

#### Noun

goma f (plural gomas)
* starch (laundry stiffener)
* gum (viscous substance exuded by certain plants)
* (Brazil, slang, regional) home, house
    Cola na minha goma mais tarde pra gente jogar um pouco de videogame.Come to my house later so we can play some video games.

##### Derived terms

* engomar
* goma de mascar
* goma-arábica
* goma-laca
* gomar
* gomoso

##### Descendants

* → Sranan Tongo: goma

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Nyungwe ngoma.

#### Noun

goma f (plural gomas)
* (Mozambique) Synonym of cudo (“kudu”).

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Kimbundu ngoma.

#### Noun

goma f (plural gomas)
* (Angola) a type of long drum

### Further reading

* “goma”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “goma”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Rwanda-Rundi
### Verb

-goma (infinitive kugoma, perfective -gomye)
* rebel, revolt

#### Derived terms

* umugome

## Spanish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡoma/ [ˈɡo.ma]
* Rhymes: -oma
* Syllabification: go‧ma

#### Noun

goma f (plural gomas)
* rubber (substance, material)
    Synonym: caucho
** Ellipsis of cinta de goma or goma elástica (“rubber band”)
    Synonym: (Southern Cone + Puerto Rico) gomita
** (botany, Bolivia) rubber tree
** (Bolivia) teether
** Ellipsis of goma de borrar (“eraser”).
    Synonym: borrador
** condom
    Synonyms: preservativo, condón
** tire
*** (Rioplatense, Chile, vulgar, chiefly in the plural) boob; tit
* gum (substance exuded by certain plants)
    Synonym: resina
** (Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Chile) Ellipsis of goma de mascar (“chewing gum”).
    Synonym: chicle
** (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Cuba, Andes, Guatemala, Panama, Uruguay) glue
    Synonym: pegamento

##### Derived terms

* bota de goma
* cinta de goma
* engomar
* estar de goma
* goma arábiga
* goma de borrar
* goma de mascar
* goma de pegar
* goma elástica
* goma en barra (“glue stick”) (Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Uruguay)
* goma espuma
* gomina
* gomita
* tiralíneas
* tirar la goma

##### Related terms

* gomoso

##### Descendants

* → Cebuano: goma
* → Ilocano: goma
* → Maguindanao: guma
* → Tagalog: goma
* → Tausug: guma

#### Further reading

* “goma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* “goma” in Lexico, Oxford University Press.

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

goma
* inflection of gomar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Etymology 3
#### Adjective

goma f
* (Bolivia, colloquial) easy (Consenting readily to sex)
* feminine singular of gomo

#### Noun

goma f (plural gomas)
* feminine singular of gomo
* (Central America, Panama, Spain) Clipping of gomona (“hangover”).
    Synonym: resaca
* (Spain) hair tie, ponytail holder, ponytailer, hair elastic, bobble, hair boble
    Synonyms: (Spain) goma del pelo, (Argentina, Colombia) colita, (Chile) colet, (Mexico) liga, colero
* (Mexico, Nicaragua, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Venezuela) home plate
* (Colombia, Eastern Venezuela) obsession
* (Peru, Chile) spanking
* (Bolivia) airbag
* (Bolivia, vulgar) A promiscuous woman.
* (Chile, slang) illicit pills
* (El Salvador) the freshness of freshly-washed clothing
* (Paraguay) physical discomfort

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

From Portuguese goma.

### Noun

goma
* starch (laundry stiffener)

## Swahili
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-goma (infinitive kugoma)
* to boycott, strike

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -goma :
| Positive present | -nagoma |
| Subjunctive | -gome |
| Negative | -gomi |
| Imperative singular | goma |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kugoma |
| Negative | kutogoma |
Imperatives :
| Singular | goma |
| Plural | gomeni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hugoma |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -ligoma |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kugoma |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tagoma |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tagoma |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sigome |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngegoma |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singegoma |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngaligoma |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singaligoma |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -megoma |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshagoma |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jagoma |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kigoma |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipogoma |
| Consecutive | kagoma / positive subject concord + -kagoma |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kagome |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Nominal derivations:
** mgomaji (“striker”)
** mgomo (“strike”)
** ugomaji (“striking”)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish goma (“rubber”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈɡoma/ [ˈɡoː.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -oma
* Syllabification: go‧ma

### Noun

goma (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜋ)
* rubber; gum
    Synonyms: kola, pangkola
* rubber band; elastic band
    Synonym: lastiko
* rubber eraser
    Synonym: pambura
* rubber tire
* rubber shoes

#### Derived terms

* gomahan

### Adjective

goma (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜋ)
* made of rubber

### Anagrams

* mago, Mago