# kan
## Translingual
### Symbol

kan
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kannada.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Kannada terms

## English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

kan (plural kans)
* Archaic form of khan.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 貫.

#### Noun

kan (plural kan)
* A Japanese unit of weight, approximately 3.75 kg or 8.267 lb.
** 2000, Hideo Yamashita, Healthy Culture and Unhealthy Culture:After having subtracted the bad and uncollectable debt above, the net property was around 32000 kan of silver […]

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Cantonese 斤 (gan$^1$).

#### Noun

kan (plural kans)
* (Hong Kong) A catty, legally defined as 0.60478982 kilograms.

### See also

* kan cheong
* kan ni na
* kan ni na bu

### Anagrams

* NAK, NKA, nak, nka

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch kan, singular of kunnen, from Middle Dutch cunnen, from Old Dutch cunnan, from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kan/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

kan (present kan, past kon)
* can

## Alak
### Noun

kan
* (Harak) woman

#### Alternative forms

* akan (Alak)

### Further reading

* Theraphan L. Thongkum, The place of Lawi, Harak and Tariang within Bahnaric (1997), in The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal, volume 27

## Awar
### Noun

kan
* tree

### Further reading

* Catherine Levy, Language Research in Papua New Guinea: A Case Study of Awar (2005)

## Bambara
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã˦ã˨]

### Noun

kan
* (anatomy) neck

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Basque
### Noun

kan
* inessive singular of ka

## Bikol Central
### Alternative forms

* kang

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-n, from Proto-Austronesian *ka

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkan/ [ˈkan̪]

### Preposition

kan (Basahan spelling ᜃᜈ᜔)
* of—objective marker for nouns or phrases other than personal names.
    Harong kan panadero.House of the baker.
    Aki kan magurang.Child of the parent/s
    Magurang kan aki.Parent/s of the child

#### See also

* kay
* ki
* nin

## Breton
### Noun

kan m
* song

## Catalan
### Alternative forms

* khan (superseded)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin chanis, from Turkic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkan]

### Noun

kan m (plural kans)
* khan

#### Derived terms

* gran kan
* kanat

### Further reading

* “kan” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Chuukese
### Determiner

kan
* (possessive subject marker) these

#### Related terms

* ekkan

## Cimbrian
### Alternative forms

* ka, kor

### Etymology

From a variant of Middle High German gēn, gein, from gegen with elision of intervocalic -g-. Cognate with German gen; Alemannic German and Bavarian gan. Doublet of ghéghen.

### Preposition

kan
* in, at
    Ich hèrbighe kan 'Toballe, kor Baan, ka Sléeghe.I live in Mezzaselva, [a hamlet of] Roana, [a town in] Asiago.
* to, towards
    Ich ghéa inn ka Sléeghe, aus kan Bèarn, au kan Triin, abe kan Ròome.I go east to Asiago, out west to Verona, up north to Trentino, and down south to Rome.

### References

* ↑ “gen” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.

### Further reading

* “kan” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

## Dakota
### Alternative forms

* kaŋ

### Adjective

kan
* something that is very old and powerful
* something incomprehensible but wonderful
* something that creates or sustains life

### See also

* wakaŋ

### References

* ↑ Hyman, 2012. Chapter 1: The term wakan, which is conventionally translated as “sacred,” holds many meanings for the Dakota, reflecting both its etymology and its use to describe many different beings and phenomena. George Sword, a Lakota elder, explained in the late nineteenth century that wakan derived from the word kan, meaning “anything that is old or that has existed for a long time.” He also noted that kan “may mean a strange or wonderful thing or that which cannot be comprehended.” Little Wound, another Lakota elder, added to this definition the notion of power. Food is wakan, he explained, “because it makes life,” and medicine is wakan because “it keeps life in the body.”

### Citations

* Colette Hyman (2012) Dakota women's work : creativity, culture, and exile

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʰanˀ], [ˈkʰan], [ˈkʰa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Rhymes: -and

### Verb

kan
* present of kunne

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑn/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kan
* Rhymes: -ɑn

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch canne. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Noun

kan f (plural kannen, diminutive kannetje n)
* jug
* pot (for tea, coffee, etc.)
* can (cylindrical vessel)

##### Derived terms

* bierkan
* in kannen en kruiken
* koffiekan
* melkkan
* stroopkan
* waterkan
* wijnkan

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: kan
* Negerhollands: kanintśi (from the diminutive)
** → Virgin Islands Creole: kaninsti (dated)
* → Japanese: 缶
* → Mahican: kánnisch
* → Papiamentu: kanika (from the diminutive)
* → Sranan Tongo: kan, kaniki, kannetje (from the diminutive)
** → Lokono: kâna, kána, kâniki (from the diminutive)

### Etymology 2

From Old French chan, from Medieval Latin canus, caanus, of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic xān (“Central Asian khan”), probably ultimately of non-Turkic (Central Asian) origin.

#### Noun

kan m (plural kannen, diminutive kannetje n)
* khan (Turkish or Mongol ruler)

##### Derived terms

* kanaat

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

kan
* inflection of kunnen:
** first/second/third-person singular present indicative
** imperative
** (archaic) plural imperative

##### Synonyms

* (present singular): kunt (2 sg.)- more formal

### References

* ↑ “khan”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

## Epigraphic Mayan
### Alternative forms

* chan

### Numeral

kan
* four

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kan m (plural kans)
* Alternative form of khan (“khan”)

### Conjunction

kan
* (text messaging) Abbreviation of quand.

### Adverb

kan
* (text messaging) Abbreviation of quand.

### Further reading

* “kan” in Émile Littré, Dictionnaire de la langue française, 1872–1877.
* “kan”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Gagauz
### Alternative forms

* can (pre-1950's spelling)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish قان (qan), from Proto-Turkic *kān (“blood”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑn/

### Adjective

kan
* bloody
    Synonym: kannı

### Noun

kan (definite accusative kanı, plural kannar)
* blood
    apokalipsis geldiynän göklär kan aalayacekwhen the apocalypse occurs the heavens will cry blood

#### Derived terms

* delikannı
* kan dökmää
* kanı donmaa
* kannanmaa
* kannı

#### Related terms

* kanamaa

### Further reading

* Ciachir, Mihail (1938) “can”, in Dicționar gagauzo (tiurco)–român pentru gagauzii din Basarabia (in Romanian), Chișinău, page 25
* Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “kan”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 91
* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “kan”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 240

## German
### Verb

kan
* Obsolete spelling of kann.

## Gun
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kã̀/

#### Verb

kàn
* to inquire

##### Derived terms

* kanse (“to ask”)
* kàn bíɔ́ (“to ask”)
* kàn bíọ́ (“to ask”)

### Etymology 2

Compare Fon kán, Adja eka, Ewe ɛka, Saxwe Gbe okàn

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kã̀/

#### Noun

kàn (plural kàn lɛ́ or kàn lẹ́)
* rope, cord

##### Derived terms

* tɛ̀ kàn (“to phone/call”)
* tẹ̀ kàn (“to phone/call”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kã́/

#### Verb

kán
* to write

##### Derived terms

* línlínwékántọ́ (“journalist”)

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French quand.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kã/

### Adverb

kan
* when

#### Synonyms

* kilè

## Hanunoo
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ka (oblique case marker for plural personal names).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkan/ [ˈkɐn]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: kan

### Preposition

kan (Hanunoo spelling ᜣᜨ᜴)
* used to mark oblique cases of personal nouns: to; for; of; from; at the place of
    Ati (sa) kan Luyon.There at Luyon's place.

#### Usage notes

* When referring to multiple people, use kana.

#### See also

* si

### Preposition

kan (Hanunoo spelling ᜣᜨ᜴) (literary)
* to; towards, etc.
    Synonym: sa

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 139
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ka₃”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Of unknown origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkɒn]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒn

### Noun

kan (plural kanok)
* male pig
    Antonyms: koca, emse
* male boar (wild boar)
* male (of dogs or other domestic animals not larger than a pig)
    Antonym: szuka
* (colloquial) hunk, stud (a man with a sexual life more active than usual)

#### Derived terms

* kanász
* kanos
* kandüh
* tenyészkan
* vadkan

### References

* ↑ kan in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* kan in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* List of names for domestic animals (in Hungarian)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkan/, [ˈkan]
* Rhymes: -an
* Audio (Indonesia):(file)

### Etymology 1

Shortened form

#### Noun

kan (plural kan-kan)
* Aphetic form of langkan

#### Adverb

kan
* Aphetic form of bukan (“see; right”)
    Kan, sudah ku bilang jangan bermain korek api. Kini kau rasakan akibatnya. ― See, I already told you before not to play with the matches. Now you receive the consequences.
    Ini punyamu, kan? ― This is yours, right?.
* Aphetic form of akan (“will”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch kan (“jug; pot (for tea, coffee, etc.); can (cylindrical vessel)”), from Middle Dutch canne.

#### Noun

kan (plural kan-kan)
* jug, pot
    Synonyms: morong, teko

### Further reading

* “kan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Isnag
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, compare Malay makan.

### Verb

kan
* to eat

## Japanese
### Romanization

kan
* Rōmaji transcription of かん
* Rōmaji transcription of カン

## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kān.

### Noun

kan
* blood

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “kan”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Kera
### Noun

kan
* water

### References

* Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
    […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
    (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: […] Kwang kàām [Jng.], Kera kan [Ebert] […]

## Kholosi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa).

### Noun

kan m
* (anatomy) ear

### References

* Eric Anonby, Hassan Mohebi Bahmani (2014) “Shipwrecked and Landlocked: Kholosi, an Indo-Aryan Language in South-west Iran”, in Cahier de Studia Iranica xx‎, pages 13-36

## Lacandon
### Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *kaahn.

### Noun

kan
* snake

#### Derived terms

* akꞌir chuj kan
* bʌkcheꞌkan
* chʌk kan
* ekꞌeꞌkan
* jach kan
* jachkan
* komir
* ruꞌkan
* yotꞌer kan

### References

* Baer, Phillip, Baer, Mary, Chan Kꞌin, Manuel, Chan Kꞌin, Antonio (2018) Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 51)‎ (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 93

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kan/
* Rhymes: -kan, -an

### Etymology 1

Clipping of bukan.

#### Adverb

kan (Jawi spelling کن)
* isn't it?
    Cantik kan baju ni?Isn't this dress beautiful?

### Etymology 2

Clipping of akan.

#### Adverb

kan (Jawi spelling کن)
* will (future)

### Further reading

* “kan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mandarin
### Romanization

kan
* Nonstandard spelling of kān.
* Nonstandard spelling of kǎn.
* Nonstandard spelling of kàn.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Maranao
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, compare Malay makan.

### Verb

kan
* to eat

## Marshallese
### Pronunciation

* (phonetic) IPA: [kɑnʲ]
* (phonemic) IPA: /kænʲ/
* Bender phonemes: {kan}

### Verb

kan
* (transitive) to eat

### References

Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

## Mauritian Creole
### Etymology

From French quand.

### Adverb

kan
* when

## Middle English
### Noun

kan
* Alternative form of canne

### Verb

kan
* to be able, mentally

### See also

* mai (to be able, physically)

## Musi
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkaːn/

### Adverb

kan
* no
* not

#### Usage notes

Kan is used to negate nouns and adverbs. To negate verbs or adjectives, use daq.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse kann.

#### Verb

kan
* present of kunne

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

kan m (definite singular kanen, indefinite plural kaner, definite plural kanene)
* form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by khan

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* kainn, kainnj (Trøndelag eye dialect spelling)

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse kann.

#### Alternative forms

* (non-standard since 1938) kann

#### Verb

kan
* present tense of kunna and kunne

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

kan m (definite singular kanen, indefinite plural kanar, definite plural kanane)
* (pre-2005) alternative form of khan

## Nupe
### Etymology

From clipping of kámi

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ká.ŋ̀/

### Noun

káǹ
* farm
    Synonym: latí

### References

* ↑ Isaac George (1970 March) “Nupe Tonology”, in Studies in African Linguistics

## Romani
### Etymology

Inherited from Apabhramsa 𑖎𑖜𑖿𑖜 (kaṇṇa), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (kaṇṇa), from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa, “ear”). Cognate with Hindi कान (kān) and Punjabi ਕੰਨ (kann, “ear”).

### Noun

kan m (nominative plural kana)
* ear

### References

* 1 2 3 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “kan”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 134a
* 1 2 Yaron Matras (2002) “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 41
* ↑ Marcel Courthiade (2009) “o kan, -es- m. -a, -en-”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, pages 185b-186a
* ↑ Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “kan, ~a”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 150

## Seimat
### Noun

kan
* water; fresh water

### References

* Beata Wozna, Theresa Wilson, Seimat Grammar Essentials (2005)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kâːn/
* Rhymes: -âːn

### Noun

kȃn m (Cyrillic spelling ка̑н)
* khan

#### Declension
## Somali
### Determiner

kan
* this (masculine)

## Spanish
### Noun

kan m (plural kanes)
* khan (ruler)

### Further reading

* “kan”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kanː/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

kan
* present of kunna

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English cunt.

### Noun

kan
* (vulgar) cunt (female genitalia)
* (vulgar) cunt (term of abuse)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish قان (kan, “blood”), from Proto-Turkic *kān (“blood”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkan/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

kan (definite accusative kanı, plural kanlar)
* blood
* (dialectal) kitchen

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
kan
kanlar
definite accusative
kanı
kanları
dative
kana
kanlara
locative
kanda
kanlarda
ablative
kandan
kanlardan
genitive
kanın
kanların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
kanım
kanlarım
2nd singular
kanın
kanların
3rd singular
kanı
kanları
1st plural
kanımız
kanlarımız
2nd plural
kanınız
kanlarınız
3rd plural
kanları
kanları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
kanımı
kanlarımı
2nd singular
kanını
kanlarını
3rd singular
kanını
kanlarını
1st plural
kanımızı
kanlarımızı
2nd plural
kanınızı
kanlarınızı
3rd plural
kanlarını
kanlarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
kanıma
kanlarıma
2nd singular
kanına
kanlarına
3rd singular
kanına
kanlarına
1st plural
kanımıza
kanlarımıza
2nd plural
kanınıza
kanlarınıza
3rd plural
kanlarına
kanlarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
kanımda
kanlarımda
2nd singular
kanında
kanlarında
3rd singular
kanında
kanlarında
1st plural
kanımızda
kanlarımızda
2nd plural
kanınızda
kanlarınızda
3rd plural
kanlarında
kanlarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
kanımdan
kanlarımdan
2nd singular
kanından
kanlarından
3rd singular
kanından
kanlarından
1st plural
kanımızdan
kanlarımızdan
2nd plural
kanınızdan
kanlarınızdan
3rd plural
kanlarından
kanlarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
kanımın
kanlarımın
2nd singular
kanının
kanlarının
3rd singular
kanının
kanlarının
1st plural
kanımızın
kanlarımızın
2nd plural
kanınızın
kanlarınızın
3rd plural
kanlarının
kanlarının
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
kanım
kanlarım
2nd singular
kansın
kanlarsın
3rd singular
kan kandır
kanlar kanlardır
1st plural
kanız
kanlarız
2nd plural
kansınız
kanlarsınız
3rd plural
kanlar
kanlardır :

#### Related terms

* kandaş
* kanlanmak
* kanlı
* kanlık
* kansız

## Ute
### Noun

kan
* house

## Wutunhua
### Etymology

From Mandarin 看.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kʰɑ]

### Verb

kan
* to look

### References

* Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎, University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

## Yami
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, compare Malay makan.

### Verb

kan
* to eat

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1

Derived from oókan.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ꜜkã̄/

#### Adjective

kan
* one

##### Derived terms

* ẹ̀ẹ̀kan

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kã̀/

#### Verb

kàn
* to touch, to concern

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kã́/

#### Verb

kán
* to break
    Synonym: fọ́

## Yucatec Maya
### Alternative forms

* can (obsolete)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kan]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Mayan *koohng-.

#### Numeral

kan
* four

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

kan (transitive)
* to learn

##### Related terms

* kaanbal

### References

* Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746) Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page 152: “Can. Quatro. 4.”
* Montgomery, John (2004) Maya-English, English-Maya (Yucatec) Dictionary & Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN, pages 60, 203
* Yoshida, Shigeto (2009) Diccionario de la conjugación de verbos en el maya yucateco actual (in Spanish), Sendai: Tohoku University, page 31: “KAN”