# काण
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কাণ (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬵᬡ (Balinese script)
* কাণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰯𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀸𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ကာဏ (Burmese script)
* કાણ (Gujarati script)
* ਕਾਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌾𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦴꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂰𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಕಾಣ (Kannada script)
* កាណ (Khmer script)
* ກາຓ (Lao script)
* കാണ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘰𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᢗᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧑𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐵𑐞 (Newa script)
* କାଣ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢵꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆳𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖯𑖜 (Siddham script)
* කාණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩛𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚭𑚘 (Takri script)
* காண (Tamil script)
* కాణ (Telugu script)
* กาณ (Thai script)
* ཀཱ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒰𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨊𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Attempts to identify the lemma as a Dravidian loanword, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kāṇ-ā (“not seeing”), are dubious: EWA finds the etymology unclear, while Witzel rejects it outright, noting Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (kar$^ə$na) with the meaning of both 'ear' and 'deaf', and seemingly related Burushaski forms in Ś. Zvelebil characterizes the supposed privative suffix in Tamil *காணா (*kāṇā), negative adjective of Tamil காண் (kāṇ) as 'speculative'.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɑː.ɳɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /kɑː.ɳɐ/

### Adjective

काण • (kāṇá) stem
* blind in one eye
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.155.1:अरा॑यि॒ काणे॒ विक॑टे गि॒रिं ग॑च्छ सदान्वे। शि॒रिम्बि॑ठस्य॒ सत्व॑भि॒स्तेभि॑ष्ट्वा चातयामसि॥árāyi kā́ṇe víkaṭe giríṃ gaccha sadānve. śirímbiṭhasya sátvabhistébhiṣṭvā cātayāmasi.1896 translation by Ralph T. H. GriffithARAYI, one-eyed limping hag, fly, ever-screeching, to the hill. We frighten thee away with these, the heroes of Sirimbitha.
** c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 12.4.3:कूटयास्य सं शीर्यन्ते श्लोणया काटमर्दति । बण्डया दह्यन्ते गृहाः काणया दीयते स्वम् ॥kūṭayāsya saṃ śīryante śloṇayā kāṭamardati. baṇḍayā dahyante gṛhāḥ kāṇayā dīyate svam.They perish through a hornless cow, a lame cow sinks them in a pit. Through a maimed cow his house is burnt: a one-eyed cow destroys his wealth.
** c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) 2.5.1.7
** c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
** c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
* perforated, pierced
** c. 800 CE – 950 CE, Nārāyaṇa, Hitopadeśa
** c. 300 BCE, Pañcatantra
** c. 400 CE, Bhartṛhari

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

#### Descendants

* Dardic:
** Kashmiri: کۄنُ (kọnu)
** Khowar: کان (kāṇu)
** Tirahi: kā́na
** → Proto-Nuristani:
*** Ashkun: kā̃ṛa, kā̃ṛī
*** Kamkata-viri: kãŕ
*** Prasuni: kə̄̃
*** Waigali: kŕǟ̃
* Pali: kāṇa
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀡 (kāṇa)
** Central:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀡 (kāṇa)
**** Hindustani: kān, kānā
    Hindi: कान, काना
    Urdu: کَان (kān), کانا (kānā)
** Eastern:
*** Magadhi Prakrit:
**** Assamese: কনা (kona), কানা (kana)
**** Bengali: কানা (kana)
**** Bihari:
***** Bhojpuri: कान (kān), कानि (kāni), कन्वा (kanvā)
***** Maithili: कान (kān), काना (kānā), कनहा (kanᵊhā)
**** Odia: କଣା (kaṇā), କାଣୀ (kāṇi)
** Northern:
*** Khasa Prakrit:
**** Central Pahari:
***** Kumaoni: काणो (kāṇo), काण (kā̃ṛ̃)
**** Eastern Pahari:
***** Nepali: कानु (kānu)
** Northwestern:
*** Paisaci Prakrit:
**** Takka Apabhramsa:
***** Lahnda: کاݨاں (kāṇā̃)
***** Punjabi: kāṇā
    Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਣਾ
    Shahmukhi script: کَاݨَا
**** Vracada Apabhramsa:
***** Sindhi: kāṇo
    Arabic script: ڪَاڻو
    Devanagari script: काणो
****** Jadgali: [script needed] (kāṇā)
****** Kachchi: કાણી (kāṇī)
** Southern:
*** Helu Prakrit:
**** Dhivehi: ކަނު (kanu), ކަޱަ (kaṇa)
**** Sinhalese: කණ (kaṇa)
*** Maharastri Prakrit:
**** Marathi: काणा (kāṇā)
** Western:
*** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀡 (kāṇa)
**** Gujarati: કાણુ (kāṇu)

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 336
* Monier Williams (1899) “काण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 269, column 1.
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kana”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 154