# 蜀黍
## Chinese

* 蜀黍

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shǔshǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˇ ㄕㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): suk$^6$ syu$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǔshǔ [Phonetic: shúshǔ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˇ ㄕㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǔshǔ
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^3$-shu$^3$
*** Yale: shǔ-shǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuushuu
*** Palladius: шушу (šušu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: suk$^6$ syu$^2$
*** Yale: suhk syú
*** Cantonese Pinyin: suk$^9$ sy$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sug$^6$ xu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sʊk̚² syː³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: dzyowk syoX
Rime :
| Character | 蜀 | 黍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 市玉切 | 舒吕切 |
| Baxter | dzyowk | syoX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨok̚/ | /ɕɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiok̚/ | /ɕiɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiok̚/ | /ɕiɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑuawk̚/ | /ɕɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiok̚/ | /ɕiɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭwok̚/ | /ɕĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯wok̚/ | /ɕi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shú | shǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | suk$^6$ | syu$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ok s-tʰaʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djoɡ hljaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蜀 | 黍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shǔ | shǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyowk › | ‹ syo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ok/ | /*s-tʰaʔ/ |
| English | caterpillar; Shu [place name] | Panicum miliaceum, glutinous |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蜀 | 黍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11842 | 11800 |
| Phonetic component | 蜀 | 黍 |
| Rime group | 屋 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蜀 | |
| Old Chinese | /*djoɡ/ | /*hljaʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲文本象形，此爲加蟲轉註字， 亦作蠋 | |

### Noun

蜀黍
* sorghum
* (slang) Alternative form of 叔叔 (“uncle”) (term of address for older men, especially those with unacceptable sexual habits)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 高粱, 蜀黍 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 高粱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 高粱 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 高粱, 秫秫 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 胡秫 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 胡秫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 高粱, 秫秫, 紅秫秫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 䵚黍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 黑秫秫, 秫秫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 䵚黍 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 高粱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 秫秫, 小秫秫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 䵚黍, 高粱 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 秫秫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 高粱, 秫秫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 秫秫, 高粱 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 高粱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 高粱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 高粱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 高粱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 高粱 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 高粱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 高粱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 高粱, 蘆書 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 高粱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 秫秫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 榴粟 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 高粱粟, 高粱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 高粱粟, 高粱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 高粱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 高粱 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 高粱 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 高粱粟, 枝勾粟 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 麥 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 高粱 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 高粱 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 高粱粟, 蘆粟, 蘆粟仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 羅粟 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 粟 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Changting | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 蘆粟 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 禾媽, 粟仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 高粱粟, 粟子 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 粟子 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 粟子 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 粟子 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 蘆粟 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 粟子 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 粟哩 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 高粟 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 高粱粟 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 禾仔 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 高粱 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 高粱粟, 高粱 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蘿穄 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 穄粟 |
| Huizhou | Jingde | 蘆穄 |
| Huizhou | Shitai (Xianyu) | 蘆穄 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 茭子 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 䵚黍 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 茭子 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 高粱 |
| Jin | Linhe | 高粱 |
| Jin | Jining | 高粱 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 茭子 |
| Jin | Baotou | 高粱 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 高粱 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 高粱 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蘆粟, 高粱 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 觀音粟 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 粟仔 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 高粱粟 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 黍仔 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 蘆粟 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 龍黍 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 蘆粟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 穄, 穄黍 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 穄 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 穄黍 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 黍 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 黍 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 扣頭子 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 高粱 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 黍 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 黍 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 黍 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 穄米 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蘆黍, 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 狗尾拖 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 黍仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 番黍, 高粱 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 蘆黍, 番黍, 高粱 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 番黍 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 番黍, 蘆黍, 高粱 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen (Jinsha) | 蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 蘆黍 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 高粱 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 高粱 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 牛黍 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 高粱 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 金黍, 狗尾黍, 黍越 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 黍, 懸跤黍 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 高粱 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 高粱 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 高粱 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 粟子, 高粱 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 高粱 |
| Wu | Danyang | 高粱 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 蘆穄 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 高粱粟, 蓬頭粟 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蘆穄 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 高粱 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 高粱 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 高粱 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 粟米 |

#### Derived terms

* 怪蜀黍
* 玉蜀黍 (yùshǔshǔ)

#### Descendants

* → Middle Korean: 슈슈 (sywusywu)
** Korean: 수수 (susu)

### Further reading

* 本草綱目/穀之二 / 本草纲目/谷之二 on the Chinese Wikisource.Wikisource $^{zh}$

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 蜀 | 黍 |
| もろこし ||
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spelling
* 唐黍
Clipping of 唐黍(もろこしきび) (morokoshi kibi), with the shortened reading then re-applied to the entire original kanji compounds 唐黍 and 蜀黍.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) もろこし [mòrókóshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [mo̞ɾo̞ko̞ɕi]

#### Noun

蜀黍(もろこし) or 蜀黍(モロコシ) • (morokoshi)
* sorghum, Sorghum bicolor
    Synonyms: 唐黍 (morokoshi kibi), 唐黍 (tōkibi), 高黍 (takakibi), 蜀黍 (shokusho)
* Short for 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi, “maize, corn (especially corn on the cob)”).

##### Usage notes

The term 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi) is more common for the maize sense.

##### Derived terms

* 玉蜀黍(とうもろこし) (tōmorokoshi)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 蜀 | 黍 |
| もろこし Hyōgai | きび Hyōgai |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 唐黍
For pronunciation and definitions of 蜀黍 – see the following entry. :
| 【唐黍もろこしきび】 | [noun] Synonym of 蜀黍 (morokoshi, “sorghum, Sorghum bicolor”) |
(This term, 蜀黍, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 蜀 | 黍 |
| しょく Hyōgai | しょ Hyōgai |
| kan'on ||
From Middle Chinese compound 蜀黍 (MC dzyowk syoX, literally “Shu (old place name) + millet”). The ancient state of Shu is roughly analogous to modern Sichuan province.
This reading appears to be rare, and may be obsolete.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕo̞kɯ̟ɕo̞]

#### Noun

蜀(しょく)黍(しょ) • (shokusho)
* (rare, possibly obsolete) sorghum

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN