# 圓寂
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuánjì, yuánjí
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧˋ, ㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^4$ zik$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn-sit / yàn-sit
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oân-chi̍p
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuánjì
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuánjì
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$-chi$^4$
*** Yale: ywán-jì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanjih
*** Palladius: юаньцзи (juanʹczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuánjí
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuánjí
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$-chi$^2$
*** Yale: ywán-jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanjyi
*** Palladius: юаньцзи (juanʹczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$ zik$^6$
*** Yale: yùhn jihk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$ dzik$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$ jig$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹ t͡sɪk̚²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$原籍 鉛直 / 铅直
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn-sit
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˇ$ xid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$ xid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹ sit̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn-sit
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˇ$ xid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$ xid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹ sit̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân-chi̍p
*** Tâi-lô: uân-tsi̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oancip
*** IPA (Xiamen): /uan²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /uan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sip̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³⁻³³ t͡sip̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: zjwen|hjwen dzek
Rime :
| Character | 圓 | 圓 | 寂 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) | 云 (35) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) | 仙 (80) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 似宣切 | 王權切 | 前歷切 |
| Baxter | zjwen | hjwen | dzek |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziuᴇn/ | /ɦˠiuᴇn/ | /d͡zek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zʷiɛn/ | /ɦʷᵚiɛn/ | /d͡zek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjuæn/ | /ɣiuæn/ | /d͡zɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zwian/ | /ɦwian/ | /d͡zɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ziuɛn/ | /ɣjuɛn/ | /d͡zek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭwɛn/ | /ɣĭwɛn/ | /d͡ziek̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯wɛn/ | /i̯wɛn/ | /d͡zʱiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xuán | yuán | jí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyun$^4$ | jyun$^4$ | zik$^6$ |

### Verb

圓寂
* (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks or nuns) to die

#### Synonyms

* 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
* 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
* 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
* 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
* 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
* 不祿 / 不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
* 亡
* 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
* 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
* 仙遊 / 仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
* 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
* 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
* 傾世 / 倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
* 傾亡 / 倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
* 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
* 凋謝 / 凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
* 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
* 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
* 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
* 去世 (qùshì)
* 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
* 喪亡 / 丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
* 喪命 / 丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
* 喪生 / 丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
* 嗚呼 / 呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
* 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, dysphemistic)
* 嚥氣 / 咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
* 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
* 壽終正寢 / 寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
* 失氣 / 失气 (shīqì) (literary)
* 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
* 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
* 小喇叭兒吹了 / 小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 就義 / 就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
* 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 彈老三 / 弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
* 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
* 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
* 掛 / 挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
* 故 (gù)
* 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
* 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
* 斃命 / 毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
* 早死 (zǎosǐ)
* 晏駕 / 晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
* 棄世 / 弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
* 歸天 / 归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
* 歸西 / 归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
* 歸道山 / 归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
* 死 (sǐ)
* 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
* 死人 (sǐrén)
* 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
* 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
* 死翹翹 / 死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
* 死脫 / 死脱 ($^5$shi-theq) (Wu)
* 殞 / 殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
* 氣絕 / 气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
* 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
* 沒世 / 没世 (mòshì) (literary)
* 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
* 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
* 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
* 狗帶 / 狗带 (gǒudài) (slang, neologism)
* 畢命 / 毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
* 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
* 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
* 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
* 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
* 瘐死 (yǔsǐ) (of deaths in prison)
* 百年歸老 / 百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
* 盡命 / 尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
* 終 / 终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
* 絕 / 绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
* 翹辮子 / 翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
* 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
* 蒙主寵召 / 蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (Christianity, euphemistic)
* 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
* 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
* 被難 / 被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
* 見背 / 见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
* 見閻王 / 见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
* 見馬克思 / 见马克思 (jiàn Mǎkèsī) (communism, euphemistic)
* 謝世 / 谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
* 賓天 / 宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
* 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
* 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
* 辭世 / 辞世 (císhì) (literary)
* 辭塵 / 辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
* 逝世 (shìshì)
* 進棺材 / 进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
* 過世 / 过世 (guòshì)
* 過去 / 过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
* 過往 / 过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
* 過身 / 过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
* 過面 / 过面 (Hokkien)
* 長山賣鴨卵 / 长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
* 長眠 / 长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
* 閉眼 / 闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
* 隕落 / 陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
* 離世 / 离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
* 駕崩 / 驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
* 駕鶴西去 / 驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
* 駕鶴西遊 / 驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
* 龍馭上賓 / 龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)

### Noun

圓寂
* (Buddhism) nirvana

#### Synonyms

* 涅槃 (nièpán)
* 寂滅／寂灭
* 滅度／灭度 (mièdù )

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: viên tịch (圓寂)