# 將

| 將 | U+5C07, &#23559; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C07 |
| ← 将 [U+5C06] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 專 → [U+5C08] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 将 |
| Simplified | 将 |
| Traditional | 將 |

### Han character

將 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 女一月木戈 (VMBDI), four-corner 2724$_2$, composition ⿰爿⿱𱼀寸)

#### Derived characters

* 摪, 㯍, 䒂, 蹡, 鏘, 鱂, 䵁, 嶈, 蔣, 䉃, 墏, 奬, 㢡, 槳, 漿, 獎, 䊢, 螿, 醬, 䵼, 𤖛, 𫦔, 𡑶

#### Related characters

* 将 (Simplified Chinese and Japanese shinjitai)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 294, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7438
* Dae Jaweon: page 583, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2375, character 10
* Unihan data for U+5C07

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 臧 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 牂 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 戕 | *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ |
| 贓 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 藏 | *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs |
| 奘 | *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs |
| 臟 | *zaːŋs |
| 將 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs |
| 漿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 鱂 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 蔣 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 螿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 槳 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 獎 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 醬 | *ʔsaŋs |
| 鏘 | *sʰaŋ |
| 蹡 | *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs |
| 嶈 | *sʰaŋ |
| 斨 | *sʰaŋ |
| 爿 | *braːn, *zaŋ |
| 牆 | *zaŋ |
| 妝 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 莊 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 裝 | *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs |
| 壯 | *ʔsraŋs |
| 疒 | *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ |
| 床 | *zraŋ |
| 牀 | *zraŋ |
| 狀 | *zraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ, “bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute. Besides pronunciation, 爿 may partly indicate a small cutting board and/or sacrificial table on which the meat is placed. The sacrificial meat and the hand together form the shape 𪧷, which is similar but unrelated to 有.
The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然.
Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated).

### Etymology

A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”.

#### “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3)

    Sino-Tibetan: compare Tibetan འཆང ('chang, “to hold, to keep, to carry”).

#### “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1)

    Austroasiatic: compare Khmer ចង់ (cɑng, “to want, to wish; to approach, to draw near; about to (do something), on the point of”) < Old Khmer caṅa (“to wish, to want”). Cognate with 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa, “about to; on the point of; moreover; also”) (Wu, 2015).

#### anteposed object introductory particle

    Pulleyblank (1995) notes that 將 as well as several other particles like 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ) and 必 (OC *pliɡ) could in Early Classical Chinese topicalize a noun phrase, including predicate objects who are recapitulated with the verb by the pronoun 是 (OC *djeʔ), leading effectively to a construction in the form of "將 O 是 V" ("to V O"), which he notes is superficially similar to the later colloquial usage of 將 and 把.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiāng (jiang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җён (ži͡on, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chiông
    (Hailu, HRS): ziong$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): jiong$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): cióng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zyong$^1$ / zyeng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiong / chiang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$cian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiang
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$
*** Yale: jyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
*** Palladius: цзян (czjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җён (ži͡on, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^1$
*** Yale: jēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiông
*** Hakka Romanization System: jiong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sioŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: jiong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cióng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suoŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyong$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cio̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syɒŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong
*** Tâi-lô: tsiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiang
*** Tâi-lô: tsiang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siaŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$cian
*** MiniDict: cian$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$jian
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiã⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tsjang
Rime :
| Character | 將 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 即良切 |
| Baxter | tsjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]aŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 將 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]aŋ/ |
| English | bring |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 將 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 10286 |
| Phonetic component | 爿 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 將 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsaŋ/ |

#### Definitions

將
* will; going to
    將來／将来 ― jiānglái ― future [lit. will come]
    人類將滅絕嗎？／人类将灭绝吗？ ― Rénlèi jiāng mièjué ma? ― Will humans go extinct?
    From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3rd century CE
    Wú zhī jiāng wáng, xián yú suǒ zhī, fēi jīnrì yě. [Pinyin]
    Wu will perish soon; this has been known by both the fool and the wise; it is not known today.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) soon; in the near future
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) nearly; almost
** 78th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "on the verge" (𝍓)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) just; just now
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) certainly; surely
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to take; to hold; to carry
    From: c. around 600, 楊廣 (Emperor Yang of Sui),《春江花月夜二首（其一）》, translated into English as Flowers and Moonlight on the Spring River
    Liúbō jiāng yuè qù, cháoshuǐ dài xīng lái. [Pinyin]
    Suddenly a wave carries the moon away and the tidal water comes with its freight of stars.
    From: c. 752, 李白 (Li Bai), 《將進酒》
    Wǔhuāmǎ, qiānjīn qiú. Hū ér jiāng chū huàn měijiǔ, Yǔ ěr tóng xiāo wàngǔ chóu. [Pinyin]
    My precious horse, and my furs worth a thousand gold pieces; call your son and have him take them out to be swapped for fine wine, and together with you I'll drown the sorrows of ten thousand ages.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) by; by means of; with
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) also; half ... half ...; or
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) if; in the case that ...
* Particle introducing the object of the verb, used in the same fashion as 把 but more formal.
    將飯做好／将饭做好 ― jiāng fàn zuò hǎo ― to make the food ready
    將醫生請來／将医生请来 ― jiāng yīshēng qǐng lái ― to send for a doctor
    From: 黃敏 (lyricist), 碎心戀
    hūn lí choa̍t-chêng chiong gún pàng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I resented that you heartlessly let me go
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to support; to assist
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to advance; to go
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to take orders; to follow
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to see off; to send off
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to take along; to bring
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to use; to utilise
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to handle; to deal with
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to eat; to have
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to lead; to guide
    將軍／将军 ― jiāngjūn ― military general
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to submit to; to be obedient to
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to provide for
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to recuperate; to maintain; to take care of one's health
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to express; to convey
* (dialectal) to incite someone to action
* (dialectal, of animals) to bear (an offspring); to give birth
* (chess) to check
    將死／将死 ― jiāngsǐ ― to checkmate
* (obsolete or dialectal) Particle placed after the verb and before a resultative phrase (進來, 起來, 進去 etc.).
    走將出來／走将出来 ― zǒu jiāng chūlái ― to walk out
    唱將起來／唱将起来 ― chàng jiāng qǐlái ― to start to sing
    From: c. 1330 - 1400: Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 1 (三國演義/第001回)
    Fāng shēng zuò, diàn jiǎo kuángfēng zhòu qǐ. Zhǐ jiàn yī tiáo dà qīng shé, cóng liáng shàng fēi jiāng xiàlái, pán yú yǐ shàng. [Pinyin]
    As soon as the emperor ascended onto his throne, a gust of wind suddenly arose out of the corner of the hall. A big green snake was spotted which flew down from the rafters and coiled up on the seat.
* (Hong Kong) Short for 將軍澳／将军澳 (Jiāngjūn'ào, “Tseung Kwan O”).

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 將, 把 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 把 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 把 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 把 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 把 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 把 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 把 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 把 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 把 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 把 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 把, 幫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 將, 𢬿 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 將 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 將 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 將 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 將, 𢬿, 討 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 𢬿, 討 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 將 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 將 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 把 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 將, 將把 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 將, 將把, 捉到 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 將 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 將 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 將 |
| Hakka | Changting | 將 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 拿 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 捉 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 把 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 將 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 拿 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 拿 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 將 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 將 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 將 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 將 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 將 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 將 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 把 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 拿, 邀 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 將, 共, 揢 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 揢 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 將, 共 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 將, 共 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 將, 共 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 將, 共 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 將 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 共 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 將, 對, 個 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 將, 把將, 對 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 將, 把, 把將, 對, 忐, 個 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 將 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 將, 把將 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 把 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 跟 |
| Waxiang | Yuanling (Shaojiwan) | 跟 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 拿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 拿 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 搭, 把 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 逮 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 把 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 把 |

#### Usage notes

In Cantonese, when used for introducing the object of a verb, the action should involve a change or movement of the object.

#### Compounds

* 不將 / 不将
* 即將 / 即将 (jíjiāng)
* 反將 / 反将
* 國將不國 / 国将不国
* 夜漏將傳 / 夜漏将传
* 大廈將傾 / 大厦将倾
* 將事 / 将事
* 將仕郎 / 将仕郎
* 將仲子 / 将仲子
* 將作大匠 / 将作大匠
* 將來 / 将来 (jiānglái)
* 將信將疑 / 将信将疑 (jiāngxìn-jiāngyí)
* 將假作真 / 将假作真
* 將假當真 / 将假当真
* 將出 / 将出
* 將功折罪 / 将功折罪
* 將功折過 / 将功折过
* 將功補過 / 将功补过 (jiānggōngbǔguò)
* 將功贖罪 / 将功赎罪
* 將勤補拙 / 将勤补拙 (jiāngqínbǔzhuō)
* 將匠 / 将匠
* 將命 / 将命 (jiāngmìng)
* 將將 / 将将
* 將就 / 将就 (jiāngjiù)
* 將心比心 / 将心比心 (jiāngxīnbǐxīn)
* 將息 / 将息
* 將愛 / 将爱
* 將才 / 将才 (jiāngcái)
* 將攝 / 将摄
* 將晚 / 将晚
* 將本圖利 / 将本图利
* 將本求利 / 将本求利
* 將機就機 / 将机就机
* 將機就計 / 将机就计
* 將次 / 将次 (jiāngcì)
* 將毋 / 将毋
* 將為 / 将为
* 將無 / 将无 (jiāngwú)
* 將無同 / 将无同
* 將臨期 / 将临期 (jiānglínqī)
* 將艾 / 将艾
* 將蝦釣鱉 / 将虾钓鳖
* 將要 / 将要 (jiāngyào)
* 將計就計 / 将计就计 (jiāng jì jiù jì)
* 將謂 / 将谓 (jiāngwèi)
* 將護 / 将护
* 將身 / 将身
* 將軍 / 将军 (jiāngjūn)
* 將近 / 将近 (jiāngjìn)
* 將進酒 / 将进酒
* 將錯就錯 / 将错就错 (jiāngcuòjiùcuò)
* 將雛 / 将雏
* 將離 / 将离 (jiānglí)
* 將順 / 将顺
* 將食 / 将食
* 將養 / 将养
* 干將莫邪 (gānjiāng-mòyé)
* 恩將仇報 / 恩将仇报 (ēnjiāngchóubào)
* 我將 / 我将
* 扶將 / 扶将
* 捋臂將拳 / 捋臂将拳
* 方將 / 方将 (fāngjiāng)
* 日就月將 / 日就月将
* 望眼將穿 / 望眼将穿
* 無將大車 / 无将大车
* 玉山將崩 / 玉山将崩
* 相將 / 相将
* 草率將事 / 草率将事
* 行將 / 行将 (xíngjiāng)
* 行將就木 / 行将就木 (xíngjiāngjiùmù)
* 計將安出 / 计将安出 (jì jiāng ān chū)
* 輸將 / 输将
* 陰陽不將 / 阴阳不将

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiàng (jiang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoeng$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): diang$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chiong
    (Hailu, HRS): ziong$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): jiong$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cióng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zyong$^4$ / zyeng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiòng / chiàng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$cian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàng
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^4$
*** Yale: jyàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianq
*** Palladius: цзян (czjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^3$
*** Yale: jeung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: diang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiaŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiong
*** Hakka Romanization System: jiong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jiong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯oŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziong$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sioŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: jiong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡siɔŋ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cióng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suɔŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyong$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cio̤̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syɒŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyeng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syøŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiòng
*** Tâi-lô: tsiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cioxng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàng
*** Tâi-lô: tsiàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciaxng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /t͡siaŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cian
*** MiniDict: cian$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jian
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiã³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsjangH
Rime :
| Character | 將 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 子亮切 |
| Baxter | tsjangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoeng$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]aŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 將 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsjang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]aŋ-s/ |
| English | lead (v.); leader |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 將 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 10294 |
| Phonetic component | 爿 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 醬 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsaŋs/ |

#### Definitions

將
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to command; to lead
* (military) general
* high-ranking military officer
* (xiangqi) general; king: 🩧 (on the black side)
* (figurative) dab hand (at something); capable person

##### Coordinate terms

* (Chinese chess pieces) 帥 / 帅 (shuài) / 將 / 将 (jiàng), 仕 (shì) / 士 (shì), 相 / 象 (xiàng), 俥 / 伡 / 車 / 车 (jū), 傌 / 㐷 / 馬 / 马 (mǎ), 炮 / 砲 / 炮, 兵 (bīng) / 卒 (zú)

#### Compounds

* 上將 / 上将 (shàngjiàng)
* 中將 / 中将 (zhōngjiàng)
* 主將 / 主将 (zhǔjiàng)
* 使羊將狼 / 使羊将狼
* 健將 / 健将 (jiànjiàng)
* 偏將 / 偏将
* 儒將 / 儒将
* 八家將 / 八家将 (bājiājiàng)
* 兵不由將 / 兵不由将
* 兵多將廣 / 兵多将广
* 兵少將微 / 兵少将微
* 兵強將勇 / 兵强将勇
* 兵強將盛 / 兵强将盛 (bīng qiáng jiàng shèng)
* 兵微將寡 / 兵微将寡 (bīngwēijiàngguǎ)
* 兵敗將亡 / 兵败将亡
* 兵精將勇 / 兵精将勇 (bīng jīng jiàng yǒng)
* 兵荒將亂 / 兵荒将乱
* 准將 (zhǔnjiàng)
* 出入將相 / 出入将相
* 出將入相 / 出将入相
* 別將 / 别将
* 副將 / 副将 (fùjiàng)
* 勇將 / 勇将
* 參將 / 参将
* 反將計 / 反将计
* 名將 / 名将 (míngjiàng)
* 呼家將 / 呼家将
* 哼哈二將 / 哼哈二将
* 執旗將 / 执旗将
* 大將 / 大将 (dàjiàng)
* 天將 / 天将
* 女將 / 女将 (nǚjiàng)
* 客將司 / 客将司
* 家將 / 家将 (jiājiàng)
* 宿將 / 宿将 (sùjiàng)
* 宿將舊卒 / 宿将旧卒
* 寡將 / 寡将
* 將令 / 将令 (jiànglìng)
* 將佐 / 将佐 (jiàngzuǒ)
* 將傍 / 将傍
* 將兵 / 将兵 (jiàngbīng)
* 將兵長史 / 将兵长史
* 將印 / 将印 (jiàngyìn)
* 將吏 / 将吏 (jiànglì)
* 將士 / 将士 (jiàngshì)
* 將官 / 将官 (jiàngguān)
* 將將 / 将将
* 將帥 / 将帅 (jiàngshuài)
* 將帶 / 将带
* 將弁 / 将弁
* 將才 / 将才 (jiāngcái)
* 將指 / 将指 (jiàngzhǐ)
* 將星 / 将星 (Jiàng Xīng)
* 將校 / 将校 (jiàngxiào)
* 將略 / 将略
* 將相 / 将相 (jiàngxiàng)
* 將相和 / 将相和
* 將相器 / 将相器
* 將相雙權 / 将相双权
* 將遇良才 / 将遇良才
* 將銳兵驍 / 将锐兵骁
* 將門 / 将门 (jiàngmén)
* 將領 / 将领 (jiànglǐng)
* 小將 / 小将 (xiǎojiàng)
* 幹將 / 干将 (gànjiàng)
* 悍將 / 悍将
* 愛將 / 爱将 (àijiàng)
* 戰將 / 战将
* 拜將封侯 / 拜将封侯
* 拘神遣將 / 拘神遣将
* 挾人捉將 / 挟人捉将
* 捉將挾人 / 捉将挟人
* 損兵折將 / 损兵折将 (sǔnbīngzhéjiàng)
* 損將折兵 / 损将折兵
* 搴旗取將 / 搴旗取将
* 損軍折將 / 损军折将
* 收軍點將 / 收军点将
* 敗兵折將 / 败兵折将 (bàibīngzhéjiàng)
* 敗將殘兵 / 败将残兵
* 敗軍之將 / 败军之将 (bàijūnzhījiāng)
* 敗軍折將 / 败军折将
* 斬將奪旗 / 斩将夺旗
* 斬將搴旗 / 斩将搴旗 (zhǎnjiàngqiānqí)
* 梟將 / 枭将 (xiāojiàng)
* 楊家將 / 杨家将
* 武將 / 武将 (wǔjiàng)
* 殘兵敗將 / 残兵败将 (cánbīngbàijiàng)
* 殘軍敗將 / 残军败将
* 殺妻求將 / 杀妻求将
* 激將 / 激将 (jījiàng)
* 激將法 / 激将法 (jījiàngfǎ)
* 爪牙之將 / 爪牙之将
* 牙將 / 牙将
* 猛將 / 猛将 (měngjiàng)
* 王侯將相 / 王侯将相 (wánghóujiàngxiàng)
* 登壇拜將 / 登坛拜将
* 登臺拜將 / 登台拜将
* 百將傳 / 百将传
* 福將 / 福将
* 築壇拜將 / 筑坛拜将
* 精兵猛將 / 精兵猛将
* 老將 / 老将 (lǎojiàng)
* 良將 / 良将 (liángjiàng)
* 良將賢相 / 良将贤相
* 虎將 / 虎将 (hǔjiàng)
* 蝦兵蟹將 / 虾兵蟹将 (xiābīngxièjiàng)
* 裨將 / 裨将 (píjiàng)
* 覆軍殺將 / 覆军杀将
* 調兵遣將 / 调兵遣将 (diàobīngqiǎnjiàng)
* 謀臣武將 / 谋臣武将 (móuchén wǔjiàng)
* 謀臣猛將 / 谋臣猛将
* 走馬換將 / 走马换将
* 軍多將廣 / 军多将广
* 過關斬將 / 过关斩将 (guòguānzhǎnjiàng)
* 遣兵調將 / 遣兵调将
* 邊將 / 边将 (biānjiàng)
* 部將 / 部将 (bùjiàng)
* 闖將 / 闯将 (chuǎngjiàng)
* 降將 / 降将 (xiángjiàng)
* 雄將 / 雄将
* 韓信將兵 / 韩信将兵
* 飛將 / 飞将 (fēijiàng)
* 馬將 / 马将
* 馬將牌 / 马将牌
* 驍將 / 骁将 (xiāojiàng)
* 麻將 / 麻将 (májiàng)
* 點兵派將 / 点兵派将
* 點將 / 点将
* 點將錄 / 点将录 (diǎnjiànglù)
* 龍城飛將 / 龙城飞将
* 龜蛇二將 / 龟蛇二将

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiāng (qiang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cyong$^1$ / cyeng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong / chhiang
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciang
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiang$^1$
*** Yale: chyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
*** Palladius: цян (cjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: coeng$^1$
*** Yale: chēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cyong$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chio̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyɒŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
*** Tâi-lô: tshiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiang
*** Tâi-lô: tshiang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiafng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

將
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to ask; to request; to invite
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 將將／将将.

#### Compounds

* 將伯 / 将伯
* 將伯之助 / 将伯之助
* 將將 / 将将
* 將進酒 / 将进酒

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 将(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 장(將) (jang)
* → Vietnamese: tướng (將), tương (將)

### References

* “將”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “将”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 106.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 将 |
| Kyūjitai | 將 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 将)
* Kyūjitai form of 将

#### Readings

From 將 (MC tsjang, “just now; also, half... half..., or; take, hold; etc.”):
* Go-on: そう (sō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: はた (hata, 將)、まさに (masani, 將に)、もって (motte, 將て)
From 將 (MC tsjangH, “command, lead; commander, general; high-ranking military officer”):
* Go-on: そう (sō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: ひきいる (hikiiru, 將いる)
Nanori readings:
* Nanori: すけ (suke)、すすむ (susumu)、たすく (tasuku)、ただし (tadashi)、たもつ (tamotsu)、のぶ (nobu)、ひとし (hitoshi)、まさ (masa)、もち (mochi)、ゆき (yuki)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 將
* Jinmeiyō
* nanori
Nominalization of verb 勝る (masaru, “to excel, rival, surpass”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まさる [màsáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* (Tokyo) まさる [màsárú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ma̠sa̠ɾɯ̟]

### Proper noun

將(まさる) • (Masaru)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 将

### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 將 (MC tsjangH, “commander”).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 쟈ᇰ〮 (Yale: cyáng) | 쟈ᇰ〮 (Yale: cyáng) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 자ᇰ〯슈〮 (Yale: cyǎngsywú) | 쟈ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyǎng) |

#### Pronunciation

* (in 장군 (將軍, janggun)):
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕa̠ŋ]
** Phonetic hangul: [장]
* (general; commander; etc.):
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋ]
** Phonetic hangul: [장(ː)]
*** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Hanja

Wikisource 將 (eumhun 장수(將帥) 장 (jangsu jang))
* hanja form of 장 (“general; commander”) [noun]

##### Compounds

* 장교 (將校, janggyo)
* 장군 (將軍, janggun)
* 장기 (將棋, janggi)
* 장병 (將兵, jangbyeong)
* 장사 (將士, jangsa)
* 장상 (將相, jangsang)
* 장성 (將星, jangseong)
* 장수 (將帥, jangsu)
* 장졸 (將卒, jangjol)
* 노장 (老將, nojang)
* 대장 (大將, daejang)
* 맹장 (猛將, maengjang)
* 명장 (名將, myeongjang)
* 변장 (邊將, byeonjang)
* 비장 (裨將, bijang)
* 소장 (少將, sojang)
* 신장 (神將, sinjang)
* 양장 (良將, yangjang)
* 왜장 (倭將, waejang)
* 적장 (敵將, jeokjang)
* 제장 (諸將, jejang)
* 주장 (主將, jujang)
* 준장 (准將, junjang)
* 패장 (牌將, paejang)
* 항장 (降將, hangjang)
* 호장 (虎將, hojang)
* 효장 (梟將, hyojang)
* 효장 (驍將, hyojang)
* 돌격장 (突擊將, dolgyeokjang)
* 수문장 (守門將, sumunjang)
* 진영장 (鎭營將, jinyeongjang)
* 무장지졸 (武將之卒, mujangjijol)
* 왕후장상 (王侯將相, wanghujangsang)
* 금부나장 (禁府羅將, geumbunajang)
* 패군지장 (敗軍之將, paegunjijang)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 將 (MC tsjang, “to take; to hold”).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 쟈ᇰ (Yale: cyàng) | 쟈ᇰ (Yale: cyàng) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 쟈ᇰᄎᆞ〮 (Yale: cyàngchá) | 쟈ᇰ (Yale: cyàng) |

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕa̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [장]

#### Hanja

將 (eumhun 장차(將次) 장 (jangcha jang))
* hanja form of 장 (“take, hold; from now on, in the future”) [affix]

##### Compounds

* 일취월장 (日就月將, ilchwiwoljang)
* 장래 (將來, jangnae)
* 장차 (將次, jangcha)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Old Japanese
### Alternative forms

* 當

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Adverb

將 (pata) (kana はた)
* by chance
* also

#### Derived terms

* 將や (pata ya)

#### Descendants

* Japanese: はた (hata)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

將: Hán Việt readings: tướng (子(tử)亮(lượng)切(thiết)), tương (資(tư)良(lương)切(thiết))
將: Nôm readings: tướng, tương

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

將 • (tương, tướng)
* chữ Hán form of tướng.
** (military) general; commander
** (xiangqi) a piece labeled with the character 將 in black and 帥 (soái) in red

##### Derived terms

* 將領 (tướng lĩnh)
* 將軍 (tướng quân)
* 大將 (đại tướng)
* 少將 (thiếu tướng)
* 中將 (trung tướng)

### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

將 • (tương)
* Chữ Hán form of tương (“soon; in the near future”).

##### Derived terms

* 將來 (tương lai)

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 4 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).