# 離別
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): líbié
       (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ ㄅㄧㄝˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): либе (libi͡ə, I-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lei$^4$ bit$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): liê-biĕk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lī-pia̍t / lî-pia̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): li$^5$ biêg$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: líbié
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ ㄅㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: líbié
*** Wade–Giles: li$^2$-pieh$^2$
*** Yale: lí-byé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: libye
*** Palladius: либе (libe)
*** Sinological IPA : /li³⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: либе (libi͡ə, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /li²⁴ piə²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lei$^4$ bit$^6$
*** Yale: lèih biht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lei$^4$ bit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: léi$^4$ bid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lei̯²¹ piːt̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: liê-biĕk
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃ie²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ $^{(p-)}$βieʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī-pia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: lī-pia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lixpiat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /li²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /li²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /li³³⁻²¹ piɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹⁻²² piɛt̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /li³³⁻¹¹ piɛt̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lî-pia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: lî-pia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: li'piat
*** IPA (Taipei): /li²⁴⁻¹¹ piɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /li²³⁻³³ piɛt̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: li$^5$ biêg$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lî pie̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵⁵⁻¹¹ piek̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: lje bjet
Rime :
| Character | 離 | 別 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) | 薛 (83) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 呂支切 | 皮列切 |
| Baxter | lje | bjet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇ/ | /bˠiᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛ/ | /bᵚiɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljɛ/ | /biæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liə̆/ | /biat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /lie/ | /bjɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lǐe/ | /bĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lie̯/ | /bʱi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lí | bié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lei$^4$ | bit$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aj N-pret/
    (Zhengzhang): /*rel bred/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 離 | 別 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lí | bié |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lje › | ‹ bjet › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]aj/ | /*N-pret/ |
| English | depart from | be separated (intr.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 離 | 別 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 2/2 |
| No. | 7780 | 821 |
| Phonetic component | 离 | 别 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 離 | 别 |
| Old Chinese | /*rel/ | /*bred/ |
| Notes | 甲文象隹入網羅， 離反爲省文 | |

### Verb

離別
* to leave; to go away from; to part with; to part; to separate
    From: Liu Yong (柳永), c. middle 11th century. 《雨霖鈴》. Translated by Betty Tseng.
    Duōqíng zìgǔ shāng líbié, gèng nǎkān, lěngluò qīngqiū jié. [Pinyin]
    As always the romantic fear adieu the most, How especially so in this dismal fall!

#### Synonyms

* 分別 / 分别 (fēnbié)
* 分離 / 分离 (fēnlí)
* 別離 / 别离 (biélí) (literary)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 離(り)別(べつ) (ribetsu)
* → Korean: 이별(離別) (ibyeol)
* → Vietnamese: li biệt (離別)

#### References

* ↑ Betty Tseng (2011) 038 柳永 – 雨霖鈴‎ (in Chinese), archived from the original on 2020-02-13

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 離 | 別 |
| り Grade: S | べつ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りべつ [rìbétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾʲibe̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

離(り)別(べつ) • (ribetsu)
* separation from a person
* divorce

#### Synonyms

* (divorce): 破婚(はこん) (hakon), 離縁(りえん) (rien), 離婚(りこん) (rikon), 夫婦別(ふうふわか)れ (fūfuwakare)

### Verb

離(り)別(べつ)する • (ribetsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 離(り)別(べつ)し (ribetsu shi), past 離(り)別(べつ)した (ribetsu shita))
* separate from a person
    混乱期(こんらんき)の中(なか)で肉親(にくしん)と離別(りべつ)する
       konran-ki no naka de nikushin to ribetsu suru
       be separated from one's blood relatives during a time of unrest
* get a divorce

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 離別し | りべつし | ribetsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 離別し | りべつし | ribetsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 離別する | りべつする | ribetsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 離別する | りべつする | ribetsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 離別すれ | りべつすれ | ribetsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 離別せよ¹ 離別しろ² | りべつせよ¹ りべつしろ² | ribetsu seyo¹ ribetsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 離別される | りべつされる | ribetsu sareru |
| Causative | 離別させる 離別さす | りべつさせる りべつさす | ribetsu saseru ribetsu sasu |
| Potential | 離別できる | りべつできる | ribetsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 離別しよう | りべつしよう | ribetsu shiyō |
| Negative | 離別しない | りべつしない | ribetsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 離別せず | りべつせず | ribetsu sezu |
| Formal | 離別します | りべつします | ribetsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 離別した | りべつした | ribetsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 離別して | りべつして | ribetsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 離別すれば | りべつすれば | ribetsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 離 | 別 |

### Noun

離別 • (ibyeol) (hangeul 이별)
* hanja form of 이별 (“farewell; parting”)

#### Related terms

* 작별 (作別, jakbyeol): farewell; parting; relatively short-term and bears lighter weight

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 離 | 別 |

### Verb

離別
* chữ Hán form of li biệt (“to part; to separate”).