# 僵

| 僵 | U+50F5, &#20725; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50F5 |
| ← 僴 [U+50F4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 僶 → [U+50F6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

僵 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人一田一 (OMWM), four-corner 2121$_6$, composition ⿰亻畺)
* stiff and motionless, stock still
* rigid

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 118, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1158
* Dae Jaweon: page 250, character 17
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 224, character 3
* Unihan data for U+50F5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 僵
* Small seal scripts05869Transcribed ancient scriptsL32803L09696L09697L09698
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 畺 | *kaŋ |
| 畕 | *kaŋ |
| 礓 | *kaŋ |
| 繮 | *kaŋ |
| 韁 | *kaŋ |
| 橿 | *kaŋ |
| 薑 | *kaŋ |
| 疆 | *kaŋ |
| 壃 | *kaŋ |
| 僵 | *kaŋ |
| 彊 | *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ |
| 麠 | *kaŋ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiāng (jiang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): goeng$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): giŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gyong$^1$ / gyeng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiong / khiong / kiang
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiang
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$
*** Yale: jyāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
*** Palladius: цзян (czjan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: goeng$^1$
*** Yale: gēung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: goeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gêng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kœːŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyoŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyong$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gio̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kyɒŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gyeng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kyøŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
*** Tâi-lô: kiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiong
*** Tâi-lô: khiong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiofng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiang
*** Tâi-lô: kiang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiafng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: kjang
Rime :
| Character | 僵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 居良切 |
| Baxter | kjang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭaŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | goeng$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 僵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6263 |
| Phonetic component | 畺 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 薑 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaŋ/ |

### Definitions

僵
* (obsolete) to fall down
    From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
    Qī shǐ qiè fèng zhījiǔ jìn zhī, qiè zhī qí yàojiǔ yě, jìn zhī zé shā zhǔfù, yán zhī zé zhú zhǔmǔ, nǎi yáng jiāng qì jiǔ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* stiff; rigid
    僵硬 ― jiāngyìng ― stiff; rigid; inflexible
    凍僵／冻僵 ― dòngjiāng ― numb with cold
    僵著臉／僵着脸 ― jiāng zhe liǎn ― to have a serious facial expression
* stupefied; dazed; blank
* deadlocked
    僵持 ― jiāngchí ― to be locked in a stalemate
    僵局 ― jiāngjú ― a deadlock situation
    把事情弄僵 ― bǎ shìqíng nòng jiāng ― to bring things into a deadlock
    把關係鬧僵／把关系闹僵 ― bǎ guānxì nào jiāng ― to reach a deadlock with someone

### Compounds

* 僵事
* 僵仆
* 僵住
* 僵冷
* 僵化 (jiānghuà)
* 僵固
* 僵局 (jiāngjú)
* 僵屍 / 僵尸 (jiāngshī)
* 僵持 (jiāngchí)
* 僵持不下 (jiāngchíbùxià)
* 僵李代桃
* 僵死
* 僵直
* 僵硬 (jiāngyìng)
* 僵立
* 凍僵 / 冻僵
* 掛僵 / 挂僵
* 李代桃僵 (lǐdàitáojiāng)
* 板僵
* 發僵 / 发僵
* 百足不僵
* 目瞪口僵
* 目瞪舌僵

### References

* “僵”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “僵”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 106.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* fall down
* collapse

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kun: たおれる (taoreru, 僵れる)

## Korean
### Hanja

僵 (eum 강 (gang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

僵: Hán Nôm readings: cương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.