# غضب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

Compare Hebrew עָצַב (`atsab, “to hurt, to pain, to anger”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣa.dˤi.ba/

#### Verb

غَضِبَ • (ḡaḍiba) I (non-past يَغْضَبُ (yaḡḍabu), verbal noun غَضَب (ḡaḍab) or مَغْضَبَة (maḡḍaba))
* to become angry, to be angry
    Synonyms: اِغْتَاظَ (iḡtāẓa), حَمِئَ (ḥamiʔa), حَنِقَ (ḥaniqa), بَرْطَمَ (barṭama), اِشْتَاطَ (ištāṭa), زَخَّ (zaḵḵa)
* to grow passionate for, to defend
* to protect
    Synonym: حَمَى (ḥamā)

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “غضب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣu.dˤi.ba/

#### Verb

غُضِبَ • (ḡuḍiba) I (passive-only, non-past يُغْضَبُ (yuḡḍabu), verbal noun ?)
* to suffer from smallpox

##### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “غضب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣa.dˤab/

#### Noun

غَضَب • (ḡaḍab) m
* verbal noun of غَضِبَ (ḡaḍiba) (form I)
* anger
    حَرَصَ جُحَا عَلَى تَجَنُّبِ غَضَبِ زَوْجَتِهِ وَمَرَّةً...ḥaraṣa juḥā ʕalā tajannubi ḡaḍabi zawjatihi wamarratan...Joha was keen to avoid his wife's anger and once ...

##### Descendants

* Maltese: għadab
* → Azerbaijani: qəzəb
* → Persian: غضب
** → Armenian: ղազաբ (ġazab)
** → Bengali: গজব (gojob)
** → Hindi: ग़ज़ब (ġazab)
** → Urdu: غضب
* → Ottoman Turkish: غضب (ġazab)
    > Turkish: gazap (inherited)
* → Swahili: ghadhabu
* → Uyghur: غەزەپ (ghezep)
* → Uzbek: gʻazab

### Etymology 1.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣa.dˤib/

#### Adjective

غَضِب • (ḡaḍib) (feminine غَضِبَة (ḡaḍiba), masculine plural غَضِبُونَ (ḡaḍibūna), feminine plural غَضِبَات (ḡaḍibāt))
* angry, furious, enraged
* annoyed, irritated

##### Synonyms

* (angry): غَضْبَان (ḡaḍbān)

##### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “غضب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Pashto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غَضَب (ḡaḍab).

### Noun

غضب • (ǧazáb) m
* rage; fury; irritation
* violence
* oppression

#### Declension
### References

* Raverty, H. G. (1867) “غضب”, in A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues, London: Williams & Nortgate
* “غضب”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
* Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “غضب”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press, page 518

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غَضَب (ḡaḍab).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɣa.ˈzaβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɣä.zǽb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ɣä.zǽb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ɣä.zǽb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ɣä.zǽb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [qæ.zǽb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʁä.zǽb]

### Noun

غضب • (ğazab)
* anger, rage, wrath
    Synonyms: خشم (xešm), غیظ (ğeyz), عصبانیت (asabâniyat)
** c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 72:شه گهی گرچه کند خشم و غضب با بنده باز کارش بکرم نیز فراوان سازدšah gahī garči kunad xišm u ğazab bā banda bāz kāraš ba-karam nēz farāwān sāzadThough the king sometimes shows anger and wrath towards his slave, He does a great many deeds out of generosity as well.(Classical Persian transliteration)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: ղազաբ (ġazab)
* → Bengali: গজব (gojob)
* → Hindi: ग़ज़ब (ġazab)
* → Urdu: غضب

### References

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “غضب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian غضب (ğazab), from Arabic غَضَب (ḡaḍab).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɣə.zəb/
* Rhymes: -əb

### Noun

غَضَب • (ġazab) m (Hindi spelling ग़ज़ब)
* anger; rage
* violence
* oppression
* disaster, calamity

#### Declension
### Adjective

غَضَب • (ġazab) (Hindi spelling ग़ज़ब)
* angry
* oppressive

### References

* “غضب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “غضب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “غضب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “غضب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

## Ushojo
### Etymology

From Urdu غضب (ğazab).

### Noun

غضب (ğazab)
* anger; rage
* trouble, disaster