# dos
## English
### Alternative forms

* do's

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duːz/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːz

#### Noun

dos
* plural of do
** 1916, Eleanor H. Porter, chapter VIII, in Just David‎:With the coming of Monday arrived a new life for David—a curious life full of "don'ts" and "dos." David wondered sometimes why all the pleasant things were "don'ts" and all the unpleasant ones "dos."

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /doʊz/
* Rhymes: -oʊz

#### Noun

dos
* (music) plural of do
** 2020, Jennifer Snodgrass, Teaching Music Theory, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 212:In functional harmonic progression, three “Dos” in a row within the Do-Ti test indicate chord changes that can only be this descending third pattern.

### Anagrams

* ods, sod, OD's, ODS, dso, OS&D, SOD, OSD, ODs, SDO, SoD, DSO

## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin duos, accusative of duo.

### Numeral

dos
* two

## Ashkun
### Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani *daca, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdos/

### Numeral

dos (Sanu)
* ten

### References

* ↑ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “d′os”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin duōs, accusative form of duo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdos/ [ˈd̪os]

### Numeral

dos (indeclinable)
* two

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish dos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdos/ [ˈd̪os]
* Hyphenation: dos

### Numeral

dos (Basahan spelling ᜇᜓᜐ᜔)
* two
    Synonym: duwa

#### Related terms

* beynte
* dose
* dosena

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin duōs, accusative form of duo (“two”), from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Occitan dos, French deux, Spanish dos.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈdos]
* Rhymes: -os

#### Numeral

dos m (feminine dues)
* (cardinal number) two

##### Usage notes

* Catalan cardinal numbers may be used as masculine or feminine adjectives, except un/una (“1”), dos/dues (“2”), cents/centes (“100s”) and its compounds. When used as nouns, Catalan cardinal numbers are treated as masculine singular nouns in most contexts, but in expressions involving time such as la una i trenta (1:30) or les dues (two o'clock), they are feminine because the feminine noun hora has been elided.

##### Derived terms

* dos punts
* sabràs dos i dos quants fan
* tocar el dos

#### Noun

dos m (plural dosos)
* two
* (castells) torre
* (castells) One of a pair of castellers in the pom de dalt, who form the third-highest level of the castell

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (originally, Italianate) IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈdɔs]
* (more commonly) IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈdos]

#### Noun

dos
* plural of do (“do (note of the musical scale)”)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Catalan dos, from Vulgar Latin dossum, from Latin dorsum (“back”). Compare dors, a borrowed doublet.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈdɔs]

#### Noun

dos m (plural dossos)
* Archaic form of dors.

##### Derived terms

* tocar el dos

### Further reading

* “dos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “dos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “dos” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “dos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cornish
### Etymology

Contraction of dones. Cognate with Welsh dod

### Verb

dos
* to come, arrive

### Mutation
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French dos (“back”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: dos
* Rhymes: -ɔs

### Noun

dos m (plural dossen, diminutive dosje n)
* garb, clothing, especially extravagant or unusual clothes
* pelt, fur
* patch of hair, especially one's headhair

#### Derived terms

* dossen
* haardos
* verendos

## Extremaduran
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin duōs (accusative of duo). Compare to Asturian dos.

### Numeral

dos
* two

## Fala
### Alternative forms

* dus (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese dos, equivalent to de (“of”) +‎ os (masculine plural definite article).

### Contraction

dos m pl (singular do, feminine da, feminine plural das)
* (Mañegu) of the
** 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:Esti términu Mañegu, o mais pequenu dos tres, formaba parti, con términus de Vilamel i Trevellu, da pruvincia de Salamanca hasta o anu 1833 […]This San Martinese locality, the smallest of the three, formed, along with the Vilamen and Trevejo localities, the Salamanca province until the year 1833 […]

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French dos, from Latin dorsum (through Vulgar Latin dossum). Compare Romansch dies, Catalan dors, Italian dosso, and Romanian dos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /do/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

dos m (plural dos)
* (anatomy) back (of a person)
* (in the plural) backs (of persons) (clarification of this definition is needed)
* (swimming) backstroke
* spine (of a book)

#### Antonyms

* tranchant

#### Derived terms

* adosser
* avoir bon dos
* casser du sucre sur le dos de
* coûter la peau du dos
* dos à dos
* dos crawlé
* dos d’âne
* dossard
* dossier
* en avoir plein le dos
* endosser
* être dos au mur
* faire froid dans le dos
* faire le dos rond
* faire le gros dos
* ne pas y aller avec le dos de la cuillère
* sac à dos
* se mettre à dos
* tourner le dos

#### Related terms

* dorsal

### Further reading

* “dos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Galician
### Etymology

From contraction of preposition de (“of, from”) + masculine plural definite article os (“the”). Akin to Portuguese dos (de + os).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ʊːs̺/

### Contraction

dos m pl (masculine do, feminine da, feminine plural das)
* of the; from the

### Further reading

* “dos”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “dos”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “dos”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “dos”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Ilocano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish dos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdos/ [ˈdos]
* Hyphenation: dos

### Numeral

dos
* two
    Synonym: dua

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈdɔs/ [ˈdɔs]
* Syllabification: dos

### Noun

dos
* (proscribed) Alternative form of dus

### Particle

dos
* (proscribed) Alternative form of dus

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ˠɔsˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /d̪ˠʌsˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish doss (“bush, thicket, tree”).

#### Noun

dos m (genitive singular dois, nominative plural dosanna)
* tuft

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
dos
dosanna
vocative
a dhois
a dhosanna
genitive
dois
dosanna
dative
dos
dosanna
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an dos
na dosanna
genitive
an dois
na ndosanna
dative
leis an dos don dos
leis na dosanna :

#### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “dos”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 dos”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “dos”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “dos”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

dos m (genitive singular dosa)
* Alternative form of gus (“force, vigor”)

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
dos
dosa
vocative
a dhos
a dhosa
genitive
dosa
dosa
dative
dos
dosa
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an dos
na dosa
genitive
an dosa
na ndosa
dative
leis an dos don dos
leis na dosa :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese dois.

### Numeral

dos
* two (2)

## Kristang
### Etymology

From Portuguese dois, from Latin duo.

### Numeral

dos
* two

## Ladino
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish dos (“two”), from Latin duōs, accusative of duo.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Netanya):(file)

### Numeral

dos (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling דוס)
* two [ca. 1510]
** 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎, page 417:“No… aspera…tengo aínda sesh… sinko…tres…dos… mezes para arivar a sesenta anyos. No mires ke tengo los kaveyos blankos!”“No… wait… I still have six… five… three… two… months before I am sixty years old. Don’t look [at me like] I have grey hair!”
** 2018 September 26, Silvyo Ovadya, “Sovre la ekspozisyon “Contemporary İstanbul””, in Shalom‎:De vez en kuando demandash si ay dos Estanboles diferentes.Now and then you ask if there are two different Istanbuls.

### References

* ↑ “dos”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.
* ↑ Dov Cohen and Ora (Rodrigue) Schwarzwald (2019 June 19) “Coṃpendio delas šeḥiṭót (Constantinople ca. 1510): The First Judeo-Spanish Printed Publication”, in Journal of Jewish Languages, volume 7, number 1, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 48, 50–51

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *dōtis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis, from *deh₃- (“give”). Doublet of dosis. Cognate with Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis), Sanskrit दिति (díti).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈdoːs/, [ˈd̪oːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈdos/, [ˈd̪ɔs]

### Noun

dōs f (genitive dōtis); third declension
* dowry
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.319–320:‘saepe mihi Zephyrus ‘dōtēs corrumpere nōlī ipsa tuās’ dīxit: dōs mihi vīlis erat.’“Often Zephyrus said to me, ‘Don’t destroy your own dowry.’ My dowry was of no value to me.” (Flora (mythology) stopped caring for flowers when the early Romans neglected to worship her deity; Zephyrus, the west wind of spring, was her consort.)
* gift, endowment, talent

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* dōtālis
* dōtō

#### Descendants

* Catalan: dot
* Dalmatian: duauta
* French: dot
* Galician: dote
* Italian: dota, dote
* Portuguese: dote
* Sicilian: duti
* Spanish: dote

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dō, dare (> Derivatives > dōs, -tis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 174-5

### Further reading

* “dos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “dos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "dos", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* dos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to give a dowry to one's daughter: dotem filiae dare
* “dos”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “dos”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Latvian
### Verb

dos
* third-person singular/plural future indicative of dot

## Malay
### Etymology 1

From English dose.

#### Noun

dos (Jawi spelling دوس, plural dos-dos, informal 1st possessive dosku, 2nd possessive dosmu, 3rd possessive dosnya)
* (except Indonesia) dose

##### Alternative forms

* dosis (Indonesia)

### Etymology 2

From Dutch doos, from Middle Dutch dose (since 1361), probably from Latin dosis (“the small box in which a dose of medication was given”).

#### Noun

dos (plural dos-dos, informal 1st possessive dosku, 2nd possessive dosmu, 3rd possessive dosnya)
* (Indonesia) carton, cardboard box

##### Alternative forms

* dus (Indonesia)

### Further reading

* “dos” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Middle Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doːs/

### Verb

dos
* second-person singular imperative of mynet

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Middle Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French dos, from Vulgar Latin dossum, from Latin dorsum.

### Noun

dos m (plural dos)
* (Jersey, anatomy) back (of a person)

## Northern Sami
### Determiner

dōs
* locative singular of dōt

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin duōs, accusative form of duo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdus/
* Audio (Languedoc):(file)
* Hyphenation: dos

### Numeral

dos m (feminine doas)
* two

### Further reading

* Joan de Cantalausa (2006) Diccionari general occitan a partir dels parlars lengadocians‎, 2 edition, →ISBN, page 360.

## Old French
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin dossum, from Latin dorsum.

### Noun

dos oblique singular, m (oblique plural dos, nominative singular dos, nominative plural dos)
* (anatomy) back

#### Descendants

* French: dos
* Norman: dos (Jersey)
* Walloon: dos

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin duos, accusative of duo.

### Numeral

dos
* two (2)

#### Descendants

* Occitan: dos

## Old Spanish
### Alternative forms

* II (representation in Roman numerals)

### Etymology

From Latin duō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdos/

### Numeral

dos m (femenine dúas)
* two

#### Descendants

* Spanish: dos

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Portuguese dois and Spanish dos and Kabuverdianu dos.

### Numeral

dos
* two (2)

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* d'os (dated)

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /dus/
* (Brazil) IPA: /dus/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /duʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /dos/
* (Portugal) IPA: /duʃ/

### Contraction

dos m pl
* Contraction of de os (“of/from the (masculine plural)”): masculine plural of do
    dos Santosof the Saints

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:do.

### See also

* do (singular form)
* das (feminine form)
* da (singular feminine form)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin dossum, from Latin dorsum. Compare French dos and Romansch dies.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdos/
* Rhymes: -os

### Noun

dos n (plural dosuri)
* back
    Synonym: spate
* bottom, behind, buttocks
    Synonym: fund
* reverse
* backside, rear
* tails (on a coin)

#### Related terms

* pe dos

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin duōs, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Cognates include Ancient Greek δύο (dúo), Old English twa (English two), Persian دو.
* PIE word
* *dwóh₁

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdos/ [ˈd̪os]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -os
* Syllabification: dos

### Numeral

dos
* two

#### Derived terms

* a dos manos
* cada dos por tres
* como dos y dos son cuatro
* como no hay dos
* como tres y dos son cinco
* dos patitos
* dos puntos
* dos que tres
* dos tiempos
* en dos
* en dos palabras
* en un dos por tres
* entre dos aguas
* entre dos luces
* la vida son dos días
* motor de dos tiempos
* nada entre dos platos
* número dos
* paso a dos
* sumar dos más dos

#### See also

Playing cards in Spanish · cartas (layout · text) :
| as | dos | tres | cuatro | cinco | seis | siete |
| ocho | nueve | diez | sota | reina | rey | comodín |

### Noun

dos m pl
* plural of do

### Further reading

* “dos”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /duːs/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

dos c
* dose (of a pharmaceutical or drug)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* dos in Svensk ordbok.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish dos (“two”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈdos/ [ˈd̪os]
* Rhymes: -os
* Syllabification: dos

### Numeral

dos (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜐ᜔)
* two
    Synonym: dalawa
** 2017, Curtis McFarland, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, Diksyunaryong Monolingwal sa Filipino: (Monolingual Dictionary in Filipino)‎:Ang dos na bilang ay suwerte para sa kanya.The number two is lucky for him.

#### Derived terms

* ikados
* pusoy dos

#### Related terms

* a-dos
* a-dose
* alas-dos
* alas-dose
* beynte dos
* de-dos
* dos-por-dos
* dose
* dosena
* dosyentos
* kuwarenta y dos
* nobenta y dos
* otsenta y dos
* sesenta y dos
* setenta y dos
* singkuwenta y dos
* treynta y dos

### Noun

dos (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜐ᜔)
* (card games) two (card)

### Further reading

* “dos”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Walloon
### Etymology

From Old French dos, from Vulgar Latin *dossum, from Latin dorsum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔ/

### Noun

dos m
* (anatomy) back

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doːs/
* Rhymes: -oːs

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from English dose.

#### Noun

dos f (plural dosys)
* (medicine) dose
    Synonyms: dogn, mesur
* share, portion
    Synonym: cyfran

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

dos m
* (rare except in derived terms) drip, drop
    Synonyms: dafn, defnyn, diferyn

##### Derived terms

* diddos (“watertight”)
* dosog (“drippy”)

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

dos
* (North Wales) second-person singular imperative of mynd
    Synonym: (South Wales) cer

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dos”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## White Hmong
### Etymology

From Proto-Hmong *ɢləŋᴮ (“vegetables in the genus Allium”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɒ˩/

### Noun

dos (classifier: lub)
* (small) onion, leek

### References

* Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎, SEAP Publications, →ISBN.
* ↑ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 274.

## Zazaki
### Noun

dos
* (anatomy) back (of a person)
* (in the plural) backs (of persons)
* (swimming) backstroke