# 洲

| 洲 | U+6D32, &#27954; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D32 |
| ← 洱 [U+6D31] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 洳 → [U+6D33] |

## Translingual
### Han character

洲 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水戈中中 (EILL), four-corner 3210$_0$, composition ⿰氵州)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 622, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17413
* Dae Jaweon: page 1018, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1616, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6D32

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 洲 | *tju |
| 州 | *tju |
| 喌 | *tju, *tjuɡ |
| 酬 | *dju |
| 詶 | *dju, *djus |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tju): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 州 (OC *tju).

### Etymology

Unknown.
According to the Erya and the Shiming, the following characters show some notable semantic relations (Schuessler, 2007)
    渚 (OC *tjaʔ, “islet”) is smaller than 洲 (OC *tju)
    沚 (OC *kjɯʔ, “islet”) is smaller than 渚 (OC *tjaʔ)
    坻 (OC *tiːlʔ, *tjelʔ, *dil, “islet”) is smaller than 沚 (OC *kjɯʔ)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōu (zhou$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zau$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ziu$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ziu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chû
    (Hailu, HRS): zhiu$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zu$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zou$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ciú
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciŭ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tseu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^1$
*** Yale: jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zau$^1$
*** Yale: jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ziu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ziu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɨu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhiu$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃiu⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səu¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciú
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu
*** Tâi-lô: tsiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tseu
*** MiniDict: tseu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tseu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɤ⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zhou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂəu̯³³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡səu̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyuw
Rime :
| Character | 洲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 職流切 |
| Baxter | tsyuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuw/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tu/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tju/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 洲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhōu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*tu/ |
| English | islet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 洲 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17492 |
| Phonetic component | 州 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 周 |
| Old Chinese | /*tju/ |

### Definitions

洲
* islet in a river
    沙洲 ― shāzhōu ― sandbank
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Guānguān jūjiū, zài hé zhī zhōu. [Pinyin]
    Guan-guan go the ospreys, On the islet in the river.
* continent
    亞洲／亚洲 ― Yàzhōu ― Asia
    From: 17th-18th century, History of Ming
    Wànlì shí, qí guó rén Lìmǎdòu zhì jīngshī, wéi “Wànguóquántú”, yán tiānxià yǒu wǔdàzhōu. [Pinyin]
    During the Wanli era, a man from the country called Ricci went to the capital and produced A Map of the Myriad Countries; he said there were five continents in the world.
* a surname, Zhou

#### Synonyms

* (continent): 大洲 (dàzhōu)

### Compounds

* 七大洲
* 上洲 (Shàngzhōu)
* 下洲 (Xiàzhōu)
* 三洲 (Sānzhōu)
* 三角洲 (sānjiǎozhōu)
* 中洲 (Zhōngzhōu)
* 中美洲 (Zhōngměizhōu)
* 五大洲 (Wǔdàzhōu)
* 五家洲 (Wǔjiāzhōu)
* 五洲四海
* 亞洲 / 亚洲 (Yàzhōu)
* 亞洲鐵人 / 亚洲铁人
* 亞細亞洲 / 亚细亚洲 (Yàxìyà Zhōu)
* 偽滿洲國 / 伪满洲国 (Wěi-Mǎnzhōuguó)
* 六大洲 (Liùdàzhōu)
* 北俱盧洲 / 北俱卢洲
* 北滿洲 / 北满洲
* 北美洲 (Běiměizhōu)
* 南極洲 / 南极洲 (Nánjízhōu)
* 南滿洲 / 南满洲
* 南美洲 (Nánměizhōu)
* 南贍部洲 / 南赡部洲
* 四大洲
* 大洋洲 (Dàyángzhōu)
* 天鵝洲 / 天鹅洲 (Tiān'ézhōu)
* 婆羅洲 / 婆罗洲 (Póluózhōu)
* 子洲 (Zǐzhōu)
* 島洲 / 岛洲
* 拉丁美洲 (Lādīng Měizhōu)
* 新洲 (Xīnzhōu)
* 星洲 (Xīngzhōu)
* 東洲 / 东洲 (Dōngzhōu)
* 株洲 (Zhūzhōu)
* 歐洲 / 欧洲 (Ōuzhōu)
* 歐洲美元 / 欧洲美元
* 歐洲議會 / 欧洲议会 (Ōuzhōu Yìhuì)
* 汀洲 (tīngzhōu)
* 沙洲 (shāzhōu)
* 洲場 / 洲场
* 洲渚 (zhōuzhǔ)
* 洲際 / 洲际 (zhōujì)
* 洲際飛彈 / 洲际飞弹
* 湄洲 (Méizhōu)
* 滄洲 / 沧洲
* 滿洲 / 满洲 (Mǎnzhōu)
* 滿洲國 / 满洲国 (Mǎnzhōuguó)
* 澳洲 (Àozhōu)
* 澳洲鱷魚 / 澳洲鳄鱼
* 瀛洲 (Yíngzhōu)
* 瀛洲玉雨
* 瓜洲
* 白沙洲 (Báishāzhōu)
* 白蘋洲 / 白𬞟洲
* 白鷺洲 / 白鹭洲
* 百花洲
* 百里洲 (Bǎilǐzhōu)
* 綠洲 / 绿洲 (lǜzhōu)
* 美洲 (Měizhōu)
* 美洲組織 / 美洲组织
* 美洲虎
* 美洲豹 (měizhōubào)
* 老洲 (Lǎozhōu)
* 芳洲
* 蘆洲 / 芦洲 (Lúzhōu)
* 蘆洲蟹舍 / 芦洲蟹舍
* 赤道非洲
* 非洲 (Fēizhōu)
* 非洲綠猴 / 非洲绿猴
* 非洲菫 / 非洲堇
* 非洲菊
* 非洲象 (Fēizhōu xiàng)
* 非洲鼓
* 鸚鵡洲 / 鹦鹉洲

### References

* “洲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* continent

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
* Kun: しま (shima, 洲)

#### Compounds

* 欧洲
* 五大洲
* 濠洲(ごうしゅう) (Gōshū)
* 砂洲
* 坐洲, 座洲
* 三角洲
* 川洲
* 大八洲
* 大八洲国
* 中洲
* 白洲
* 八洲
* 八洲国
* 満洲

#### Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 洲 is mostly replaced by 州, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 洲
* しゅう Jinmeiyō
* kan'on
For pronunciation and definitions of 洲 – see the following entry. :
| 【州しゅう】3 | [suffix] continent [suffix] used in place names |
(This term, 洲, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 洲 (MC tsyuw). Recorded as Middle Korean 쥬 (cywu) (Yale: cyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 洲 (eumhun 물가 주 (mulga ju))
* hanja form of 주 (“continent”)

#### Compounds

* 만주 (滿洲, Manju)
* 만주족 (滿洲族, manjujok)
* 미주 (美洲, Miju)
* 아주 (亞洲, Aju)
* 오대주 (五大洲, odaeju)
* 호주 (濠洲, Hoju)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

洲: Hán Nôm readings: chao, châu
* shake; float
* continent

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
* L.m. An-tôn Trần Văn Kiệm: Giúp Đọc Nôm Và Hán Việt, NXB Đà Nẵng, 2004