# crocus
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈkɹəʊ.kəs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ˈkɹoʊ.kəs/
* Rhymes: -əʊkəs

### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin crocus, from Ancient Greek κρόκος (krókos, “crocus”), from an ancient Semitic language.

#### Noun

crocus (plural crocuses or croci or crocus or crocusses)
* A perennial flowering plant (of the genus Crocus in the Iridaceae family). Saffron is obtained from the stamens of Crocus sativus.
** [a. 1881, William B[allantyne] Hodgson, “Noun”, in Errors in the Use of English, Edinburgh: David Douglas, published 1881, part II (Accidence), page 70:Other foreign terms have become so thoroughly Anglicised as to adopt English plurals, and it is sometimes difficult to decide whether the English or the original foreign form is the more correct. None but a pedant would speak of ‘the chori of an opera,’ ‘the croci in a garden,’ or ‘the dogmata of the church;’ […]]
** 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 128:Nothing is more short-lived than the erection; like the crocus of spring, it is there for a moment, and then it is gone; one moment the penis is small, soft, and insignificant, and then in the next it is hard, rigid, and three and four times its previous size.
* Any of various similar flowering plants, such as autumn crocus and prairie crocus.
* (inorganic chemistry, obsolete) A deep yellow powder, the oxide of some metal (especially iron), calcined to a red or deep yellow colour.
* (obsolete, slang) A fraudulent doctor; a quack.

##### Derived terms

* autumn crocus
* crocin
* crocused
* crocuslike
* crocus of Mars
* crocus of Venus
* prairie crocus
* saffron crocus
* sand crocus

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From croker?”)

#### Noun

crocus (uncountable)
* (Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago) Burlap.
    a crocus bag

### Anagrams

* occurs, succor

## Catalan
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin crocus, from Ancient Greek κρόκος (krókos, “crocus”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkɾɔ.kus]

### Noun

crocus m (invariable)
* crocus

### Further reading

* “crocus”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “crocus” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

## French
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin crocus, from Ancient Greek κρόκος (krókos, “crocus”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʁɔ.kys/

### Noun

crocus m (plural crocus)
* crocus (plant)

### Further reading

* “crocus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Alternative forms

* crocum

### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κρόκος (krókos, “crocus”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkro.kus/, [ˈkrɔkʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkro.kus/, [ˈkrɔːkus]

### Noun

crocus m (genitive crocī); second declension
* crocus, saffron

#### Usage notes

Most often, the masculine crocus was used to refer to the plant, while the neuter crocum was used for saffron gathered from the plant. However, this distinction is not universally observed, and the word crocus may refer either to the crocus plant or to saffron taken from the plant.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Old Occitan: gròc, gruèc
** Catalan: groc
*** →? English: grog
*** → Gallurese: grogu
*** → Sardinian: grogu
*** → Sassarese: grogu
** Occitan: cròc
* Galician: croque
* Italian: croco
* → Catalan: crocus
* → Czech: krokus
* → Dutch: krokus
* → English: crocus
* → Finnish: krookus
* → French: crocus
* → German: Krokus
* → Icelandic: krókus
* → Norwegian: krokus
* → Polish: krokus
* → Portuguese: croco
* → Russian: кро́кус (krókus)
* → Slovene: krokus
* → Spanish: croco
* → Swedish: krokus
* → Translingual: Crocus

### References

* "crocus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* “crocus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “crocus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray