# bole
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /bol/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /bəʊl/, /bɒʊl/
** (doll–dole merger) IPA: /bɒl/
* Rhymes: -əʊl
* Homophone: bowl

### Etymology 1

From Middle English bole, from Old Norse bolr, akin to Danish bul and German Bohle (“plank”). See also bulwark (“defensive wall”).

#### Noun

bole (plural boles)
* The trunk or stem of a tree.
** 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “A Dream of Fair Women”, in Poems, volume 1, page 188:Enormous elm-tree boles did stoop and lean / Upon the dusky brushwood underneath / Their broad curved branches, fledged with clearest green, / New from its silken sheath.
** 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:A fine powder filled the air and caressed the cheek with a tingle in its touch, and the black boles of the trees showed up in a light that seemed to come from below.

##### Derived terms

* boled
* bollard

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek βῶλος (bôlos, “clod or lump of earth”): compare French bol. Doublet of bolus.

#### Noun

bole (countable and uncountable, plural boles)
* Any of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually coloured red by iron oxide, and composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia.
** 2018 April 14, “8 things to know about İznik pottery”, in Christie's‎:Good Iznik has strong colours well-contained within their outlines and a very clean, clear white. The red colour, made with Armenian bole (an earthy clay) should be thick and proud of the surface.
* The shade of reddish brown which resembles this clay.
    bole:
* (obsolete) A bolus; a dose.
** 1649, Jeremy Taylor, “An Apology for Authorized and Set Forms of Liturgy Against the Pretence of the Spirit”, in Charles Page Eden, editor, The Whole Works of the Right Rev. Jeremy Taylor, D.D., volume V, published 1849, page 294:[…] or else […] the churches were very incurious to swallow such a bole, if no pretension could have been reasonably made for their justification.

##### Derived terms

* Armenian bole

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

bole (plural boles)
* Alternative form of boll (old unit of measure).
** 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:Take then good Barley newly thrashed and well purged from the Chaff, and put thereof eight Boles, that is about ſix English Quarters, in a Stone - trough

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

bole (plural boles)
* (Scotland) An aperture with a shutter in the wall of a house, to admit air or light.
** 1816, Walter Scott, The Antiquary, Adam and Charles Black, published 1862, page 220:"Open the bole," said the old woman firmly and hastily to her daughter-in-law, “open the bole wi' speed, that I may see if this be the right Lord Geraldin […] .
* (Scotland) A small closet.

### Anagrams

* Belo, Lebo, Loeb, lobe

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* bolle

### Etymology

Variant of bolle. Occurs exclusively in the plural form.

### Noun

bole m pl
* testicles

#### Related terms

* bile
* ballë
* mbjell
* pjell

## Buol
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɔɺ̢ɛ/

### Noun

bole
* house

## Czech
### Alternative forms

* boleje (verb)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbolɛ]
* Rhymes: -olɛ
* Hyphenation: bo‧le

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

bole
* vocative singular of bol

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

bole
* present masculine singular transgressive of bolet

## Dama (Sierra Leone)
### Etymology

Perhaps related to Vai [script needed] (boi, “structure without walls”) or Mende bolo (“courthouse with high walls”) (having the definite form bolei.

### Noun

bole
* courthouse

### References

* Dalby, T. D. P. (1963) “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54

## Galician
### Verb

bole
* third-person singular present indicative of bulir
* (reintegrationist norm) inflection of bulir:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Latvian
### Etymology

From English bowl, probably via German Bowle. Alternative historical forms: bols. First attested use to mean a bowl for making punch – 1880. First attested use to refer to the beverage itself – 1886.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [būōle]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bole f (5th declension)
* (dated sense) a bowl for making punch
    Bowle: bole (punša un citu tādu dzērienu kauss) – Bowle (German): bole (a bowl for punch or similar drinks).
* punch (drink made of wine, diluted with juices, syrups and fruit, often with added cognac or rhum)
    zemeņu bole – strawberry punch
    boles trauks – punch bowl

#### Synonyms

* (punch): punšs

### References

* ↑ “bole” in Juris Baldunčiks (1989), Anglicismi latviešu valodā (Rīga: «Zinātne») →ISBN.
* ↑ Brasche G., (1880), Deutsch-lettisches Wörterbuch, Riga; Leipzig, page 152.

## Lower Sorbian
### Verb

bole
* Superseded spelling of bóle.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From a mixture of Old English bula, *bulla, and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô.

#### Alternative forms

* bule, bul, bolle, boule, bool, boole

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbul(ə)/, /ˈbuːl(ə)/, /ˈbɔːl(ə)/

#### Noun

bole (plural boles or bolen)
* bull, steer, male cow
* (heraldry) A heraldic bull
* (astrology) Taurus (zodiac)
* (astronomy) Taurus (constellation)

##### Related terms

* bullok
* bulimong

##### Descendants

* English: bull
* Scots: bul, bull

#### References

* “bōle, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-03.

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse bolr.

#### Alternative forms

* boole, bol

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɔːl/

#### Noun

bole (plural boles)
* trunk, bole
* tree

##### Descendants

* English: bole

#### References

* “bōle, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-03.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Clipping of anabol + -e

### Verb

bole (present tense boler, past tense bolte, past participle bolt)
* (colloquial) To use anabolic steroids to increase one's muscle mass.

## Polish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈbɔ.lʲɛ]

### Noun

bole n
* (Przemyśl) Synonym of gościna
    Zaprosiuł na bole. ― He invited [them] to a visit.

### Further reading

* Aleksander Saloni (1899) “bole”, in “Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska”, in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors, Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 237

## Portuguese
### Verb

bole
* inflection of bolar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative
* inflection of bulir:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Serbo-Croatian
### Participle

bole (Cyrillic spelling боле)
* feminine plural active past participle of bosti

## West Makian
### Etymology

From Malay boleh (“can, may, possible”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbo.l̪e/

### Interjection

bole
* good, fine!

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics