# 踏む
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 踏
* ふ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 履む 践む 蹂む

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふむ [fùmú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟mɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「踏む」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 踏む | ふむ | [fùmú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 踏め | ふめ | [fùmé] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 踏まれる | ふまれる | [fùmárérú] |
| Causative | 踏ませる | ふませる | [fùmásérú] |
| Potential | 踏める | ふめる | [fùmérú] |
| Volitional | 踏もう | ふもー | [fùmóꜜò] |
| Negative | 踏まない | ふまない | [fùmánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 踏まなかった | ふまなかった | [fùmánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 踏みます | ふみます | [fùmímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 踏んだ | ふんだ | [fùńdá] |
| Conjunctive | 踏んで | ふんで | [fùńdé] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 踏めば | ふめば | [fùméꜜbà] |

### Verb

踏(ふ)む • (fumu) transitive godan (stem 踏(ふ)み (fumi), past 踏(ふ)んだ (funda))
* to step, tread
    ブレーキを踏(ふ)む ― burēki o fumu ― to press on the brakes
    四(し)股(こ)を踏(ふ)む ― shiko o fumu ― to step on all fours
* to set foot, visit
    ヨーロッパの土(つち)を踏(ふ)む ― Yōroppa no tsuchi o fumu ― to set foot on European soil
* to experience, go through
* to follow, go along
* (religion) to worship
    願(がん)かけに御(お)百(ひゃく)度(ど)を踏(ふ)む
       gankake ni o-hyakudo o fumu
       to worship a hundred times to pray for something
* to make estimates or valuations
    どう踏(ふ)んでも安(やす)物(もの)だ。
       Dō funde mo yasumono da.
       No matter how much you think it costs, it's a cheapie.
* to rhyme
    頭(とう)韻(いん)を踏(ふ)む ― tōin o fumu ― to alliterate
* to occupy a position
    帝(てい)位(い)を踏(ふ)む ― teī o fumu ― to step on the throne
* (stock market, in margin trading) to buy back open interest at the risk of loss
* (fishing) to clam with one's feet

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 踏ま | ふま | fuma |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 踏み | ふみ | fumi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 踏む | ふむ | fumu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 踏む | ふむ | fumu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 踏め | ふめ | fume |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 踏め | ふめ | fume |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 踏まれる | ふまれる | fumareru |
| Causative | 踏ませる 踏ます | ふませる ふます | fumaseru fumasu |
| Potential | 踏める | ふめる | fumeru |
| Volitional | 踏もう | ふもう | fumō |
| Negative | 踏まない | ふまない | fumanai |
| Negative continuative | 踏まず | ふまず | fumazu |
| Formal | 踏みます | ふみます | fumimasu |
| Perfective | 踏んだ | ふんだ | funda |
| Conjunctive | 踏んで | ふんで | funde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 踏めば | ふめば | fumeba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 踏ま | ふま | fuma |
| Continuative (連用形) | 踏み | ふみ | fumi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 踏む | ふむ | fumu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 踏む | ふむ | fumu |
| Realis (已然形) | 踏め | ふめ | fume |
| Imperative (命令形) | 踏め | ふめ | fume |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 踏まず | ふまず | fumazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 踏めど | ふめど | fumedo |
| Causal conjunction | 踏めば | ふめば | fumeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 踏まば | ふまば | fumaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 踏みき | ふみき | fumiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 踏みけり | ふみけり | fumikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 踏みつ | ふみつ | fumitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 踏みぬ | ふみぬ | fuminu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 踏めり 踏みたり | ふめり ふみたり | fumeri fumitari |
| Volitional | 踏まむ | ふまむ | fumamu |

#### Derived terms

* ふみえ (fumie) (stepping on a picture of Christ to punish suspected Christians during the Shogunate)
* ふみふみ (fumifumi) ("kneading", when a cat slowly presses its front paws on something to relax)

### References

* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō