# Sinkiang
## English
### Alternative forms

* Singkiang (misspelling)

### Etymology

From the Postal Romanization of Nanking court dialect Mandarin 新疆 (Xīnjiāng), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: sĭnʹkyăngʹ, shĭnʹjyängʹ, shĭnʹjē-ängʹ

### Proper noun

Sinkiang
* Synonym of Xinjiang: A Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest. Official name: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Capital: Ürümqi
** [1848 September 22, 徐廣縉<t:Sü Kwángtsin>, “Official Correspondence relating to the death of the Rev. Walter M. Lowrie”, in The Chinese Repository‎, volume XVII, number 9, chapter 3, page 486:I, the Minister, having received this dispatch have examined and find it contains, that having arrested three culprits Tsáutsz' Láutá, Hwá Kwányuen and Cháng Süchun, they have been sentenced to decapitation, and their heads to be hung up in a cage upon a pole to public view; and six others Cháng Yungyuen, Cháng Láuying, Táng Kingmien, Chau ’Rhkwán, Hiá Shunkih and Hiá Yuhshing, have been sentenced to banishment to Sinkiáng (a district beyond the borders) to be made slaves to the military officers, and the Board of Punishments having confirmed the sentence, after thorough deliberation, memorialized the throne, and have received the imperial ratification thereof.]
** 1944, Martin R. Norins, Gateway to Asia: Sinkiang, Frontier of the Chinese Far West‎, New York: The John Day Company, page 16:Soviet tanks and planes were also sent into Sinkiang, and even troops, who were called "Altai Volunteers." These "volunteers" appear to have been a mixture of trained Soviet troops with Russians, domiciled in Sinkiang, who years before had fought against or fled from the Soviet Revolution.
** 1948, Henry A. Wallace, Andrew Jacob Steiger, Soviet Asia Mission‎, →OCLC, →OL, page 155:In Sinkiang, in Northwest China, we were on the Chinese side of Asia's inner ethnic frontier. In Europe, the Soviets face west along a 2,000-mile ethnic border.
** 1957, Chung-cheng (Kai-shek) Chiang, Soviet Russia in China: A Summing-up at Seventy‎, New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 99:When Japan occupied Manchuria and followed it up by exerting pressure on Hopei and Chahar, Russia was busily encroaching upon Sinkiang in the Northwest where she infiltrated its local administration and exploited its economic resources. After the Soviet-instigated coup d'état in Sinkiang on April 12, 1933, which put Sheng Shih-tsai at the head of the local administration, Soviet Russia steadily stepped up her military aggression and political domination over the province.
** 1966, Lo-shu Fu, A Documentary Chronicle of Sino-Western Relations (1644-1820)‎, University of Arizona Press, page 307:"Earlier we ordered him to inspect the goods of the Andijans who traded at Sinkiang. Since trade at Kiakhta is now suspended, the Mohammedans of Andijan might attempt to make a big profit by smuggling Russian commodities into China for sale. We prohibit this smuggling! As soon as trade at Kiakhta is reopened, we shall again allow them to trade (in Russian goods) as before.
** [1977 September, “The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall Successfully Completed”, in China Pictorial‎, Peking: China Pictorial, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10:Warm letters and precious gifts came pouring in to the construction site from all parts of the country. Among the gifts were saw-wort seeds gathered from the Tienshan Mountains by workers in Singkiang, chingko barley from emancipated serfs in Tibet, earth from people in quake-stricken Tangshan who were rebuilding their homes, water and sand from the Taiwan Straits from P.L.A. men on the Fukien frontline, colour pebbles from Yuhuatai, Nanking, milky quartz from the Kunlun Mountains, camellias from Tali, Yunnan, azaleas from Kangting, Szechuan, earth from the Chingkang Mountains, Kiangsi, water from Nanniwan, Shensi, etc. They embodied the profound proletarian feelings of the people of all nationalities for Chairman Mao.]
** 1981 February 22, “Anti-Red demonstrations”, in Free China Weekly‎, volume XXII, number 7, Taipei, page 3:A similar demonstration was held at Aksu in Sinkiang on Nov. 21, 1980, the report said, adding that the situation in Sinkiang is worsening.
** 2008, Mohammad Azam, Mushtaq Madni, Mushtaq Cheema, History of Pakistan Army Aviation 1947-2007‎, The Army Press, →ISBN, page 406:Chinese came to our help in 1987 for the over hauling of some MI-8 helicopters, initially team went to Sinkiang in C-130 aircraft and later some of our technicians also went there and in 1988 the first MI-8 was overhauled.
** 2020 June 9, Iqbal Chand Malhotra, “Smoking mirrors: The illusion of the LAC”, in Times Now‎:That year China imported over US$ 200 billion worth of microprocessors from these two countries. When the US placed an embargo on China denying it these microprocessors, it had no choice but to try and build them through a process of self-reliance. Towards this end, it set up a giant polysilicon factory near Kashgar in Sinkiang.
** 2020 September 19, Claude Arpi, “The Tibet factor in India-China relations”, in The Sunday Guardian‎, archived from the original on 2 October 2020:One can trace the first blunder to December 1949 when India kept quiet after Beijing unilaterally closed down the Indian Consulate in Kashgar, Sinkiang (today Xinjiang).

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Kaske, Elisabeth (2008) The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919‎, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, →ISBN, page 52

### Further reading

* “Sinkiang”, in Collins English Dictionary.
* “Sinkiang, pn.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “Sinkiang”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* “Sinkiang”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “Sinkiang” in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2025.

### Anagrams

* kaingins

## Finnish
### Alternative forms

* Xinjiang

### Etymology

From the Postal Romanization of Nanking court dialect Mandarin 新疆 (Xīnjiāng), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsiŋkiɑŋ/, [ˈs̠iŋk̟iɑ̝ŋ]
* Rhymes: -iŋkiɑŋ
* Hyphenation: Sin‧ki‧ang

### Proper noun

Sinkiang
* Xinjiang (A Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest)

#### Declension

* In Xinjiang = Sinkiangissa
Possessive forms of Sinkiang (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Sinkiangini
accusative
nom.
Sinkiangini
gen.
Sinkiangini
genitive
Sinkiangini
partitive
Sinkiangiani
inessive
Sinkiangissani
elative
Sinkiangistani
illative
Sinkiangiini
adessive
Sinkiangillani
ablative
Sinkiangiltani
allative
Sinkiangilleni
essive
Sinkianginani
translative
Sinkiangikseni
abessive
Sinkiangittani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Sinkiangisi
accusative
nom.
Sinkiangisi
gen.
Sinkiangisi
genitive
Sinkiangisi
partitive
Sinkiangiasi
inessive
Sinkiangissasi
elative
Sinkiangistasi
illative
Sinkiangiisi
adessive
Sinkiangillasi
ablative
Sinkiangiltasi
allative
Sinkiangillesi
essive
Sinkianginasi
translative
Sinkiangiksesi
abessive
Sinkiangittasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Sinkiangimme
accusative
nom.
Sinkiangimme
gen.
Sinkiangimme
genitive
Sinkiangimme
partitive
Sinkiangiamme
inessive
Sinkiangissamme
elative
Sinkiangistamme
illative
Sinkiangiimme
adessive
Sinkiangillamme
ablative
Sinkiangiltamme
allative
Sinkiangillemme
essive
Sinkianginamme
translative
Sinkiangiksemme
abessive
Sinkiangittamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Sinkianginne
accusative
nom.
Sinkianginne
gen.
Sinkianginne
genitive
Sinkianginne
partitive
Sinkiangianne
inessive
Sinkiangissanne
elative
Sinkiangistanne
illative
Sinkiangiinne
adessive
Sinkiangillanne
ablative
Sinkiangiltanne
allative
Sinkiangillenne
essive
Sinkianginanne
translative
Sinkiangiksenne
abessive
Sinkiangittanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
Sinkianginsa
accusative
nom.
Sinkianginsa
gen.
Sinkianginsa
genitive
Sinkianginsa
partitive
Sinkiangiaan Sinkiangiansa
inessive
Sinkiangissaan Sinkiangissansa
elative
Sinkiangistaan Sinkiangistansa
illative
Sinkiangiinsa
adessive
Sinkiangillaan Sinkiangillansa
ablative
Sinkiangiltaan Sinkiangiltansa
allative
Sinkiangilleen Sinkiangillensa
essive
Sinkianginaan Sinkianginansa
translative
Sinkiangikseen Sinkiangiksensa
abessive
Sinkiangittaan Sinkiangittansa
instructive
comitative

### References

* ↑ Kaske, Elisabeth (2008) The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919‎, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, →ISBN, page 52

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* Xinjiang

### Proper noun

Sinkiang
* Alternative spelling of Sinquião: Xinjiang (A Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest)