# 周

| 周 | U+5468, &#21608; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5468 |
| ← 呧 [U+5467] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 呩 → [U+5469] |
| 周 | U+2F83F, &#194623; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83F |
| ← 呈 [U+2F83E] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 咢 → [U+2F840] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* In certain typefaces and/or at small font sizes, the edges of the 土 component touch the enclosing 冂 component, producing a resemblance to the radical 用.

### Han character

周 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月土口 (BGR), four-corner 7722$_0$, composition ⿵⺆𠮷(GTJV) or ⿵⺆⿻一古 or ⿵⺆⿱𰀁口(HK))

#### Derived characters

* 倜, 凋, 調 (调), 啁, 徟, 淍, 惆, 婤, 𰀧, 綢 (绸), 琱, 椆, 晭, 賙 (赒), 禂, 碉, 睭, 稠, 皗, 裯, 蜩, 輖 (𫐏), 錭, 鯛(鲷), 騆, 䓟, 㓮, 郮, 彫, 翢, 雕, 鵰 (𫛲), 奝, 霌, 週, 𥮐, 𥺝, 𦈺, 𦩍, 𡕐

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 181, character 36
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3441
* Dae Jaweon: page 400, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 606, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5468
* Unihan data for U+2F83F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 周 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 裯 | *tuːw, *dɯw, *do |
| 啁 | *tuːw, *rtɯːw, *tɯw |
| 禂 | *tuːwʔ |
| 綢 | *tʰuːw, *dɯw |
| 翢 | *tʰuːw, *duːw |
| 錭 | *duːw |
| 雕 | *tɯːw |
| 凋 | *tɯːw |
| 琱 | *tɯːw |
| 鯛 | *tɯːw |
| 鵰 | *tɯːw |
| 彫 | *tɯːw |
| 奝 | *tɯːw |
| 調 | *dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw |
| 蜩 | *dɯːw |
| 惆 | *tʰɯw |
| 婤 | *tʰɯw, *tjɯw |
| 稠 | *dɯw |
| 椆 | *dɯw, *tjɯws |
| 周 | *tjɯw |
| 輖 | *tjɯw |
| 賙 | *tjɯw |
| 郮 | *tjɯw |
| 晭 | *tjɯwʔ |
| 倜 | *tʰɯːwɢ |
Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) of a jade artifact with carved patterns. Original form of 彫 (OC *tɯːw, “to carve”). The character was later borrowed as a country name and 口 was added as a distinguishing mark. A semi-conservative version in which the carvings are visible is 𠕛. The top part of the character gradually became similar to 用 in the late Western Zhou period. See also 黃, which could have a reference to a jade artifact.
The seal script form can be interpreted as ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + semantic 用 (“to use”) - indicating the idea of using words skillfully to express oneself, thereby conveying the meaning of being meticulous or detailed.

#### References

* ↑ 漢語多功能字庫 - 字頭 「周」
* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Etymology 1
#### to encircle, to circle, to surround, everywhere, curve (in the road)

    Unclear. Possibly connected with Tibetan གཅུ་བ (gcu ba) ~ ལྕུ་བ (lcu ba, “screw”), གཅུད་བ (gcud ba) ~ ལྕུབ་བ (lcub ba, “turn, twist, plait, braid”), or Thai ดิ้ว (dîu, “club, stick; strips of rattan or bamboo bent in a circle to which ribs of a cage are fastened”) or Khmer ជួត (cuət, “to wind; to wrap around; to wear a turban”) (Schuessler, 2007)

#### to help

    Unclear. Maybe same word as 周 (zhōu, “to surround”) as words for "help, aid" often derive from the notion "next to, or around, a person" (for analogies, 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist < to be on one's left-side”) from 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, “left”) and 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist < to be on one's right-side”) from 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ)) (Schuessler, 2007).
    Alternatively, note Khmer ជួយ (cuəy, “to help, assist; to support; to rescue, save”) (ibid.). Even so, also note Thai ช่วย (chûai), which in turn is from Middle Chinese 助 (MC dzrjoH)); if Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) and Thai ช่วย (chûai) were related, then Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) cannot be related to Old Chinese 周 (OC *tjɯw).

#### dynasty's name

    Attested in the Huayuanzhang East Oracle Bone Inscription HYZ 327.1 (transliterated and translated by Schwartz, 2019)
       周入亖 [Pre-Classical Chinese] ― Zhōu rù sì [Pinyin] ― Zhou contributes four
    A 周方白 (Zhōufāng bó, “Elder of Zhou region”), likely King Wen of Zhou, was mentioned in Oracle Bone Inscriptions H11:82 and H11:84 (Lin, 1995)
    Hargett (2021) states that 商 (Shāng) and 周 (Zhōu) derived from names of "places that the rulers and people of those eras regarded as their homeland or cultic centers"; the 周方 (Zhōufāng, “Zhou region”) was among "areas or regions along the frontier borders of Shang, traditionally regarded as enemy territory".

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhōu (zhou$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zou$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): zhǒu
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): zhòu
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җу (žu, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zau$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): zaau$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ziu$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ziiu$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chû
    (Hailu, HRS): zhiu$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zu$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zou$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ciú
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciŭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ziu$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziu$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): jiu$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zau$^1$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^1$tseu / $^1$tsoe / $^1$tsei / $^1$tse / $^1$cieu
** (Jinhua): $^1$cieu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^1$
*** Yale: jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zou$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zou
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡səu⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: zhǒu
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤu²¹/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: zhòu
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): zhou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂəɯ³¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җу (žu, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂou²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zau$^1$
*** Yale: jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: zaau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sau²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ziu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ziiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɨu⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhiu$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃiu⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡su⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səu¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciú
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ziu$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ciu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu
*** Tâi-lô: tsiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciw
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siu³³/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: jiu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡siu³⁵/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: zau$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡səu⁵³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Shaoxing)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tseu
*** MiniDict: tseu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tseu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɤ⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡sɯ⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡sɵ⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡søy⁴⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡sɤ⁵²/
** (Northern: Jiading)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsoe
*** MiniDict: tsoe$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡sø⁵³/
** (Northern: Changzhou, Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsei
*** MiniDict: tsei$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡sei⁵⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sei³³⁴/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tse
*** MiniDict: tse$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡se⁵³/
** (Northern: Ningbo, Zhoushan)
*** Wugniu: $^1$cieu
*** MiniDict: cieu$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiʏ⁵²/
*** Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕiu⁵³/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^1$cieu
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡ɕiu³³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zhou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂəu̯³³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡səu̯³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit周 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂou⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂou⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂou²¹/ /t͡sou²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂou²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /tʃou²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂou²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂou²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂɯ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂəu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂou³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂɤu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡səu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡səu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡səu⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂəu⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂəɯ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂɯ²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡səu¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂəu¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡səu³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sɤ⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /t͡sɤ⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /t͡sei³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /t͡ɕɤu³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiu³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕiu¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂəu³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂəɯ³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sɨu⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡su⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /tʃu²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɐu⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sɐu⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sɐu⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡siu⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sieu⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡siu⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡siu³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡siu²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: tsyuw
Rime :
| Character | 周 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 職流切 |
| Baxter | tsyuw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuw/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tiw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 周 | 周 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhōu | zhōu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyuw › | ‹ tsyuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*tiw/ | /*tiw/ |
| English | Zhōu (dynasty and place) | cycle; all around |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 周 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17531 |
| Phonetic component | 周 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 周 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjɯw/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象田間稼密， 爲稠初文 |

#### Definitions

周
* to circle; to encircle
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Qíshī bài jì. Zhú zhī, sān zhōu huábùzhù. [Pinyin]
    The Qi troops were completely defeated. Jin forces pursued the Qi army, whose remnants thrice circled Mount Huabuzhu.
* circle; circumference
    四周 ― sìzhōu ― surroundings
    圓周／圆周 ― yuánzhōu ― circumference
    From: Guanzi, 5th century BCE to 220 CE
    Dàchéng bùkěyǐ bùwán, guōzhōu bùkěyǐ wàitōng,....... [Pinyin]
    The city's main walls must not be incompletely built, nor the peripheral suburban walls penetrable from outsides, [...].
* whole
    周身 ― zhōushēn ― the whole body
    眾所周知／众所周知 ― zhòngsuǒzhōuzhī ― as everyone knows
* to extend everywhere
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zì xī cú dōng, zhōu yuán zhíshì. [Pinyin]
    From the west to the east, everywhere he was at work.
    From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
    Zhī zhōu hū wànwù, ér dào jì tiānxià, gù bùguò. [Pinyin]
    His knowledge embraces all things, and his course is (intended to be) helpful to all under the sky; - and hence he falls into no error.
* thorough; complete; comprehensive
    周密 ― zhōumì ― thorough
    周詳／周详 ― zhōuxiáng ― comprehensive
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐyuē: “Jūnzǐ zhōu ér bùbǐ, xiǎorén bǐ ér bùzhōu.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said: "The gentleman is inclusive and not partial; the villain is partial and not inclusive."
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Mèngzǐ yuē: “Zhōu yú lì zhě, xiōngnián bùnéng shā; zhōu yú dé zhě, xiéshì bùnéng luàn.” [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Jūnzǐ shìyǐ zhī Qín Mù gōng zhī wéi jūn yě, jǔrén zhī zhōu yě, jǔrén zhī yī yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: The Art of War, circa 5th century BCE
    Fú jiàng zhě, guó zhī fǔ yě. Fǔ zhōu zé guó bì qiáng, fǔ xì zé guó bì ruò. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (obsolete) side; periphery
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yǒu dì zhī dù, shēng yú dàozhōu. [Pinyin]
    There's a solitary birchleaf pear tree, that grows on the road's curve.
* (obsolete) to suit
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Suī bù zhōu yú jīn zhī rén xī, yuàn yī Péng Xián zhī yíxùn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to help (e.g. financially); to relieve
    alt. forms: 賙 / 赒 (zhōu)
    周濟／周济 ― zhōujì ― to relieve
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Mǐ rén bù zhōu, wú bùnéng zhǐ. [Pinyin]
    There is no one who has not helped [the people]; They have not refrained on the ground of being unable.
* (Cantonese, chiefly in the passive) to reprimand with authority; to catch
       keoi$^5$ soeng$^5$ tong$^4$ tau$^1$ waan$^2$ din$^6$ waa$^{6-2}$ bei$^2$ lou$^5$ si$^1$ zau$^1$ dou$^2$. [Jyutping]
       He was playing on his phone during class and got caught by the teacher.
* Classifier for circuits.; circuit; revolution
    繞場兩周／绕场两周 ― rào chǎng liǎng zhōu ― to make two circuits around the arena
       Dìqiú huánrào tàiyáng yī zhōu xūyào yuē 365 tiān. [Pinyin]
       It takes around 365 days for Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun.
* (hi-fi jargon) hertz
* (historical) name of various dynasties
** (～朝) Zhou Dynasty (1046—256 BCE)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zhōu suī jiù bāng, qí mìng wéixīn. [Pinyin]
    Although Zhou was an old country, The [favouring] appointment lighted on it recently.
** Northern Zhou (557—581), one of the Northern dynasties in China
** Wu Zhou (690–705), established by Wu Zetian
** Later Zhou (951–960), one of the Five Dynasties in China
* a surname
    周恩來／周恩来 ― Zhōu Ēnlái ― Zhou Enlai / Chou En-Lai (the first Premier of the People's Republic of China)

##### Descendants

* → English: Zhou, Chou, Chow, Chau, Chew, Chiu

##### See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Warring States period 戰國 / 战国 |
| Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 |
| Xin 新 (～朝) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉 ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉 ||
| Wu 吳 / 吴 ||
| Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 |
| Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋 ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Western Wei 西魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Zhou 北周 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代) |
| Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (～朝, ～代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | Northern Song 北宋 |
| Southern Song 南宋 ||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (～朝, ～代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (～朝, ～代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (～朝, ～代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |

#### Compounds

* 不周 (bùzhōu)
* 不周到
* 不周山 (bùzhōushān)
* 不周延 (bùzhōuyán)
* 不周風 / 不周风
* 不食周粟 (bù shí Zhōu sù)
* 二周
* 伊周 (yīzhōu)
* 假意周旋
* 光周期
* 八步周行
* 北周 (Běizhōu)
* 周事
* 周備 / 周备
* 周內 / 周内
* 周全 (zhōuquán)
* 周全方便
* 周公吐哺
* 周到 (zhōudào)
* 周匝 (zhōuzā)
* 周南 (Zhōunán)
* 周原 (Zhōuyuán)
* 周口 (Zhōukǒu, “Zhoukou”)
* 周口店 (Zhōukǒudiàn, “Zhoukoudian”)
* 周召
* 周召共和
* 周圍 / 周围 (zhōuwéi)
* 周堂
* 周塘 (Zhōutáng)
* 周天 (zhōutiān)
* 周字框 (zhōuzìkuàng)
* 周官 (Zhōuguān)
* 周室
* 周家灣 / 周家湾 (Zhōujiāwān)
* 周密 (zhōumì)
* 周寨 (Zhōuzhài)
* 周巷 (Zhōuxiàng)
* 周年 (zhōunián)
* 周年視差 / 周年视差
* 周延 (zhōuyán)
* 周忌
* 周急 (zhōují)
* 周急繼乏 / 周急继乏
* 周恤
* 周情孔思
* 周折 (zhōuzhé)
* 周方
* 周旋 (zhōuxuán)
* 周旋到底
* 周易 (Zhōuyì)
* 周晬
* 周書 / 周书
* 周朝 (Zhōucháo)
* 周期彗星
* 周楊 / 周杨 (Zhōuyáng)
* 周樓 / 周楼 (Zhōulóu)
* 周正
* 周氏 (Zhōushì)
* 周波 (zhōubō)
* 周流 (zhōuliú)
* 周浹 / 周浃
* 周溪 (Zhōuxī)
* 周潭 (Zhōután)
* 周濟 / 周济 (zhōujì)
* 周率
* 周禮 / 周礼 (zhōulǐ)
* 周程張朱 / 周程张朱
* 周給 / 周给
* 周緣 / 周缘
* 周置
* 周老嘴 (Zhōulǎozuǐ)
* 周而不比
* 周而復始 / 周而复始 (zhōu'érfùshǐ)
* 周至 (zhōuzhì)
* 周臺 / 周台 (Zhōutái)
* 周行
* 周衛 / 周卫
* 周覽 / 周览
* 周角 (zhōujiǎo)
* 周詳 / 周详 (zhōuxiáng)
* 周誥 / 周诰
* 周身 (zhōushēn)
* 周轉 / 周转 (zhōuzhuǎn)
* 周轉不靈 / 周转不灵
* 周遊 / 周游 (zhōuyóu)
* 周遍 (zhōubiàn)
* 周道
* 周遮
* 周遭 (zhōuzāo)
* 周邊 / 周边 (zhōubiān)
* 周邊設備 / 周边设备 (zhōubiān shèbèi)
* 周郎
* 周郎癖
* 周郎顧曲 / 周郎顾曲
* 周集 (Zhōují)
* 周章 (zhōuzhāng)
* 周章狼狽 / 周章狼狈 (zhōuzhānglángbèi)
* 周頌 / 周颂
* 周髀
* 四周 (sìzhōu)
* 圓周 / 圆周 (yuánzhōu)
* 圓周率 / 圆周率 (yuánzhōulǜ)
* 圓周角 / 圆周角 (yuánzhōujiǎo)
* 圓周運動 / 圆周运动 (yuánzhōu yùndòng)
* 夢周公 / 梦周公
* 大周 (Dàzhōu)
* 大費周折 / 大费周折
* 大費周章 / 大费周章 (dàfèizhōuzhāng)
* 如所周知
* 嫠憂宗周 / 嫠忧宗周
* 宗周
* 宗周鐘 / 宗周钟
* 宛轉周折 / 宛转周折
* 寬打周遭 / 宽打周遭
* 小周 (Xiǎozhōu)
* 岐周
* 後周 / 后周 (Hòuzhōu)
* 徐周 (Xúzhōu)
* 慮周行果 / 虑周行果
* 慮無不周 / 虑无不周
* 成周
* 新聞周刊 / 新闻周刊
* 智周
* 會合周期 / 会合周期
* 有周
* 朋黨比周 / 朋党比周
* 東周 / 东周 (Dōngzhōu)
* 比周
* 深文周納 / 深文周纳
* 煞費周章 / 煞费周章
* 牙周 (yázhōu)
* 牙周病 (yázhōubìng)
* 白馬歸周 / 白马归周
* 眾所周知 / 众所周知 (zhòngsuǒzhōuzhī)
* 禮數周到 / 礼数周到
* 莊周夢蝶 / 庄周梦蝶 (zhuāngzhōumèngdié)
* 西周 (Xīzhōu)
* 試周 / 试周
* 譙周獨笑 / 谯周独笑
* 費周章 / 费周章
* 逸周書 / 逸周书 (Yì Zhōu Shū)
* 顧曲周郎 / 顾曲周郎

#### References

* ↑ Schwartz, A. (2019) The Oracle Bone Inscriptions from Huayuanzhuang East: Translated with an Introduction and Commentary, Boston, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN
* ↑ Lin, Sen-Shou. 1995. “Problems in the Studies of Zhou Oracle-Bone Scripts.” Retrospective Theses and Dissertations, 1919-2007. T, University of British Columbia. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14288/1.0098998.
* ↑ Hargett, James (2021) “Anchors of Stability: Place-Names in Early China”, in Mair, Victor, editor, Sino-Platonic Papers, number 312

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 周 – see 週 (“week; circumference; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 週).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

#### Usage notes

This variant form is the name of the second tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌇), as listed in the ancient text.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): zau$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zau$^1$
*** Yale: jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

周
* (Cantonese) penis (Classifier: 條／条 c)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 玉莖, 陽具, 陽物, 陰體, 人道, 身根 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 陰莖, 陽具, 男根 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 雞巴, 卵子, 家伙, 帽兒, 大帽兒, 雀子 †, 小雞兒 †, 小蟲兒 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 雞雞, 屌, 肉棒, 老二, 命根, 命根子, 小弟弟, 小鳥 †, 小雞雞 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 雞巴, 雞巴嘚兒, 雞巴頭子, 嘚兒, 牛子, 老二, 二哥, 腿兒, 牛牛兒 †, 小牛子 †, 家雀兒 † |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 小鳥 † |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 屌, 小雞兒 †, 小雞雞 † |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 鴨子, 雞子, 雞巴, 屌, 小鴨兒 † |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Rongcheng | 鴨子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 雞巴, 屌, 膀, 雞巴兒 †, 小雞兒雞兒 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 鴨子, 鴨兒 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 㞗, 錘子, 牛牛兒 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 雞巴, 㞗, 錘子, 雞雞 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 屌, 雞巴, 雞尜尜, 屌頭子, 老二, 二哥, 一家人兒, 打種的 dated, 小雞兒 †, 雞兒 †, 尜尜 †, 小老雀兒 †, 老雀兒 † |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 㞗 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 㞗, 雞巴, 雞雞 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 㞗, 牛牛子 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 㞗, 㞗把子, 錘子, 雞雞 †, 㞗㞗 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jimsar | 㞗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 錘子, 雞巴, 雞棍兒, 雞兒, 雀雀兒, 雀雀, 麻雀兒, 毛鰱魚, 老二, 㞗, 雞雞 †, 小雞兒 †, 小麻雀兒 †, 小雀雀兒 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 錘子, 卵, 鷄兒, 鴨兒, 雀雀兒, 鷄巴, 㞗, 牙刷兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鴨蒂, 雞巴, 卵, 雀雀 †, 鴨鴨 †, 雞雞 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 雞巴, 大雞巴, 乾雞巴, 馬雞巴, 卵子, 㞗, 屌, 下二哥, 二哥, 甩甩, 錘錘 dated, 錘子 dated, 雞雞 †, 小雞兒 †, 雞兒 †, 麻雀 †, 小麻雀 †, 雀雀 † |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 鳥, 卵, 二老爺, 大頭蟲, 鳥崽 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 雞巴, 屌, 麻雀, 小麻雀兒 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 雞巴, 屌子, 屌, 卵子, 麻雀子 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 屌兒, 屌 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 屌, 雞巴, 尕尕雞 †, 尕雞 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 卵, 雞巴 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鳩, 𨳍, 𡳞, 賓周, 小便, 祠堂, 脧 †, 脧脧 †, 鳩脧 †, 脧仔 †, 咕咕 †, 雀仔 †, 慈姑椗 † |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鳩, 𨳍, 𡳞, 賓周, 周, 周周, 雀, 弟弟, 細佬, 何B仔, 子孫根, 祠堂, 第三隻腳, 第五肢, 是非根, J slang, 丁 slang, 丁丁 slang, 腸 slang, 腸仔 slang, 嘢 euphemistic, 脧 †, 脧脧 †, 脧脧仔 †, 咕咕 †, 雀仔 †, 慈姑椗 † |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 𡳞, 鵝仔 † |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 鵝仔, 𡳞 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 𡳞, 𡳞仔 † |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 𡳞 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 鳩, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 鳩, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 鳩, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 鳩脧, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 𨳍, 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 雀, 𡳞 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 𡳞, 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 𡳞, 雀 †, 雀仔 † |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 𡳞, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 𡳞, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 𡳞, 鵝必 † |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 𡳞 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 巧 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 巧 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 𡳞子 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 雞巴, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 巧, 鳩, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 巧 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 屌, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 鳩 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鳩, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 咪, 鳩, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 鳩脧 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 𡳞, 鳩, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 屌, 𨳍, 𡳞, 咕咕, 雀仔, 水喉, 大鵰, 賓周, 慈姑椗 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 𡳞, 鳩, 𨳍 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 賓周 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 卵, 卵雞子 †, 卵雞 † |
| Gan | Lichuan | 卵, 老二 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 卵, 卵仔 †, 雞仔 † |
| Hakka | Meixian | 𡳞棍, 𡳞仔, 𡳞, 脧, 脧仔 † |
| Hakka | Xingning | 脧哩, 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 𡳞, 𡳞棍, 脧 †, 咕咕 † |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 𡳞棍, 脧仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 脧 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 脧 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 𡳞, 脧 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 𨳍 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 脧哩, 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 脧哩, 脧, 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 脧 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 脧哩, 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 𡳞 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 𡳞子 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 𡳞棍, 脧 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 脧子 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 𨳍 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 脧 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 𡳞 |
| Hakka | Changting | 𡳞子, 𡳞 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 𡳞 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 𡳞子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 𡳞 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 𡳞, 脧 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 脧 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 卵, 卵子 †, 尒卵子 † |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 卵 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 卵陀 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 卵梗 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 卵 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 卵子 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 卵 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 卵 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 𡳞, 脧, 脧仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) | 脧仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) | 脧仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) | 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) | 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) | 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) | 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 𡳞, 𡳞棍, 脧仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 𡳞棍, 脧仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 𡳞 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 𡳞 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 𡳞, 脧仔 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 𡳞 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 脧 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 脧子 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 𡳞, 脧 † |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 𡳞 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 脧 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 𡳞棍, 𡳞 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 脧仔 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 𡳞棍 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 脧 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 鳥, 老八鳥, 八鳥 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 鳥 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 雞兒, 鳥兒 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 鳥, 卵, 雞兒, 雞雞 †, 下身 euphemistic |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 卵 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 屌兒 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 菩蒂 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 㞗, 雞巴, 雀兒, 雞雞 †, 狗雞兒 † |
| Jin | Taiyuan (Jiancaoping) | 雞巴, 㞗 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 㞗兒, 秤桿, 狗雞兒 †, 雞兒 †, 狗雞雞 † |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 㞗, 雞巴, 雞雞, 二掌櫃, 小腹, 雞溜子 †, 雞溜 †, 毛㞗 of an adult |
| Jin | Shenmu | 㞗, 屌子, 雞溜子, 雞雞 †, 沙奶奶 † |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 𫵓, 𫵓仔, 𫵓𫵓仔 † |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 𫵓 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 𫵓 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 𫵓 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 𫵓牯 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 𫵓 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 脧 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 脧 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 欛欛, 䐯鳥, 欛欛囝 †, 鳥鳥囝 †, 䐯鳥囝 † |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 欛欛囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 䐯, 鳥 † |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 䐯鳥 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 䐯鳥 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 䐯鳥 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 䐯 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 䐯鳥 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 䐯鳥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 䐯䐯, 䐯鳥 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 欛欛 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞𦉎, 𡳞, 鳥仔 † |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞𦉎, 𡳞, 鳥仔 † |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞𦉎, 𡳞, 鳥仔 † |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞鳥仔 † |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 𡳞鳥, 戛, 訶 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞, 小弟, 咕咕鳥, 咕咕 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞, 弟弟, 小弟, 咕咕鳥 †, childish |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 𡳞, 𡳞公仔 † |
| Southern Min | Datian | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 鳩 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞, 鳥 †, 龜鳥 † |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 𡳞鳥 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 鳥, 𡳞, 𡳞鳥囝 † |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 𡳞, 𡳞鳥囝 † |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 𡳞鳥, 𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 𡳞, 鳥, 殼車, 家私, 尻川柄 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 頹 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 頹, 鳥 † |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 𡳞, 𡳞囝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 𡳞, 𡳞鳥, 𡳞鳥囝 † |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 𡳞, 𡳞囝 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 𡳞, 𡳞囝, 𡳞鳥 †, 𡳞鳥囝 † |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 𡳞, 𡳞鳥, 𡳞鳥囝 † |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 𡳞, 𡳞鳥, 𡳞鳥囝 † |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 𡳞, 𡳞鳥, 𡳞鳥囝 † |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 脧 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 脧 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 脧仔 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 卵, 卵脬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 𨳍, 麻鳥, 二老弟, 慈姑椗 † |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 𡳞仔 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 𡳞仔 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 𡳞仔 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 𡳞仔 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 𡳞仔 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 𡳞仔 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 𡳞仔 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 𡳞仔 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 𡳞 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 𡳞 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 𡳞鳥 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 𡳞仔 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 𡳞仔 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 卵, 屌屌 †, 屌屌頭 †, 小雞雞 †, 麻鳥 † |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 卵, 卵子, 卵卵 †, 小尿螺 † |
| Wu | Suzhou | 卵, 鳥, 雞雞 †, 小卵 †, 長生果 † |
| Wu | Wuxi | 卵 |
| Wu | Danyang | 卵, 卵子, 屌子, 屌, 雞巴, 雞雞 †, 小雀雀 †, 雀雀 †, 八八 †, 八雞 † |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 雀兒, 八屌, 卵脬, 小八屌 †, 麻雀兒 †, 麻油壺兒 † |
| Wu | Ningbo | 卵, 卵子, 卵瓜瓜 †, 瓜瓜 † |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 頹, 卵脬, 卵脬兒, 臀卵脬, 脬兒 †, 脬脬兒 †, 奶哥鳥兒 † |
| Wu | Jinhua | 老八兒, 聊子, 雀, 雞巴, 八兒八兒 † |
| Xiang | Changsha | 卵, 雞巴, 掉它, 太鬍子, 雞雞 †, 鳥鳥 †, 鳥 †, 梗梗 † |
| Xiang | Loudi | 雞巴, 卵, 勺欛腦殼, 雞雞 †, 雞崽唧 † |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 卵子, 雞蓀子 † |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 屌把 |
| Note | † - of a boy | † - of a boy |

#### Compounds

* 周周
* 賓周 / 宾周

#### References

* “周”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00559

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 周 |
| Kyūjitai | 周 &#x2F83F; or 周+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 周󠄀 周+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 周󠄃 周+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 周)
* circumference
* circuit
* lap

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゅ (shu)、す (su)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
* Kun: まわり (mawari, 周り, Jōyō)、あまねく (amaneku, 周く)、あまねし (amaneshi, 周し)、めぐる (meguru, 周る)
* Nanori: あまね (amane)、あまねし (amaneshi)、いたる (itaru)、かた (kata)、かぬ (kanu)、かね (kane)、ただ (tada)、ちか (chika)、ちかし (chikashi)、なり (nari)、のり (nori)、ひろし (hiroshi)、まこと (makoto)

#### Compounds

* 周(しゅう)南(なん) (Shūnan, “Shūnan”)
* 周(しゅう)波(は)数(すう) (shūhasū, “frequency”)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 周
* しゅう Grade: 4
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 周 (MC tsyuw).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅう [shúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕɨː]

### Counter

周(しゅう) • (-shū)
* laps or circuits

### Proper noun

周(しゅう) • (Shū)
* Zhou

### Proper noun

周(まこと) • (Makoto)
* a male given name

### Proper noun

周(あまね) • (Amane)
* a male given name
    西(にし)周(あまね)
       Nishi Amane
       Nishi Amane (Meiji period philosopher)

### References

* ↑ “周”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

周 (eumhun 두루 주 (duru ju))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 주위 (周圍, juwi)
* 주전 (周全, jujeon)
* 주년 (周年, junyeon)
* 주변 (周邊, jubyeon)
* 주파수 (周波數, jupasu)
* 주도면밀 (周到綿密, judomyeonmil)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

周: Hán Việt readings: chu, châu
周: Nôm readings: chu, châu
* chữ Hán form of Chu (“a surname”).
* chữ Hán form of Châu (“a surname”).

#### Usage notes

Chu is the original Hán-Việt reading of this character and related ones according to Thiều Chửu. However, naming taboos for Nguyễn Phúc Chu (阮福淍) led to the reading Châu being used instead for this character, especially in the south of Vietnam, based on a tradition of u/âu sound swaps. Currently, both readings are in use.

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Thiếu Khanh (2019 July 7) “Những từ “kỵ húy” của người Nam bộ”, in Nhạc Xưa Thời Báo‎