# baru
## Afar
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbaru/ [ˈbʌɾʊ]
* Hyphenation: ba‧ru

### Noun

báru m (plural barwá f or baritteetá f)
* freckle

#### Declension

absolutive
báru
predicative
báru
subjective
barí
genitive
barí
Postpositioned forms
l-case
bárul
k-case
báruk
t-case
bárut
h-case
báruh :

### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “bàru”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 31

## Baba Malay
### Etymology

From Malay baru.

### Adjective

baru
* new

### Adverb

baru
* recently, just now

### Further reading

* Baba Malay Dictionary

## Brunei Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *baharu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baru/
* Hyphenation: ba‧ru

### Adjective

baru
* new (age of non-living things)
    rumah baru
       new house

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “age”): lama (“old”) (non-living things)

#### Coordinate terms

* (age): muda (“young”) (living things)

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbaru]

### Noun

baru
* genitive/dative/locative singular of bar

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

baru
* imperative of bari

## Iban
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *baharu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baru/
* Hyphenation: ba‧ru

### Adjective

baru
* new (age of non-living things)
    rumah baru
       new house

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “age”): lama (“old”) (non-living things)

#### Coordinate terms

* (age): biak (“young”) (living things)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈbaru/ [ˈba.ru]
* Rhymes: -aru
* Syllabification: ba‧ru

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay baru, a variant of baharu, from Proto-Malayic *baharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)baqəʀuh.

#### Alternative forms

* baharu (chiefly dialectal)
* baroe (1901–1947)
* baharoe (1901–1947, chiefly dialectal)

#### Adjective

baru
* new
    Ponsel barunya mewah.His new phone is luxurious.

#### Adverb

baru
* just (moments ago, recently)
    Mereka baru pulang sekolah.They just got home from school.

##### Derived terms

* baru-baru ini (“recently”)
* barui (“to new, update”)
* barukan (“to new, update”)
* kebaruan (“newness”)
* keterbaruan (“newness”)
* membaru (“to become new”)
* pembaru (“newer, updater”)
* pembaruan (“newing, update”)
* perbarui (“to new, update”)
* sebaru (“as new as”)
* terbaru (“newest”)
* terbarukan (“newed, updated”)

### Etymology 2

From Malay baru, from Proto-Malayic *baru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀu. Doublet of waru.

#### Alternative forms

* embaru
* baroe (1901–1947)

#### Noun

baru (plural baru-baru)
* sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)
    Synonym: waru

### Further reading

* “baru” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Kabuverdianu
### Alternative forms

* bórre (Barlavento)

### Etymology

From Portuguese barro.

### Noun

baru
* (Sotavento) clay

### References

* Gonçalves, Manuel (2015) Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary, →ISBN
* Veiga, Manuel (2012) Dicionário Caboverdiano-Português, Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro

## Latvian
### Noun

baru m
* inflection of bars:
** accusative/instrumental singular
** genitive plural

### Verb

baru
* first-person singular present indicative of bārt

## Lithuanian
### Noun

baru m
* instrumental singular of baras

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ba.ru]
** Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ru, -u
* Hyphenation: ba‧ru

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *baharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh. Compare Tagalog bago.

#### Alternative forms

* bharu, bahru (dated)

#### Adverb

baru (Jawi spelling بارو)
* just, recently, a few moments ago
    Aku baru sampai di rumah.I've just arrived home.

#### Adjective

baru (Jawi spelling بارو)
* new; recently came into existence
    Synonym: baharu
    tahun baru ― new year

##### Usage notes

* Although Kamus Dewan makes no such distinction, many people wrongly believe that baru should not be used as an adjective meaning "new" and that only baharu could be used in such way.

##### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pembaru [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
* pembaruan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* kebaruan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
* sebaru [comparability] (se-)
* perbaru [causative passive] (peR-)
* perbarui [causative passive + causative (locative) benefactive] (peR- + -i)
* membaru [agent focus] (meN-)
* membarui [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
* dibaru [patient focus] (di-)
* dibarui [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
* terbaru [agentless action] (teR-)
* memperbaru [causative agent focus] (mempeR-)
* memperbarui [causative agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (mempeR- + -i)
* diperbaru [causative passive focus] (dipeR-)
* diperbarui [causative passive focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (dipeR- + -i)
* baru-baru [reduplication] (redup)

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: baru
* Baba Malay: baru
* → Hokkien: 麻汝 (bâ-lú)
* → Teochew: 麻汝 (bha$^5$ lu$^2$)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayic *baru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀu.

#### Alternative forms

* baru-baru
* bebaru

#### Noun

baru (Jawi spelling بارو, plural baru-baru, informal 1st possessive baruku, 2nd possessive barumu, 3rd possessive barunya)
* sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: baru

### References

* “baru” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Papuan Malay
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay baru.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baru/, [ˈba.ɾʊ]

### Verb

baru
* be new
** 2023, Wyclyff translators, Melayu Papua, Luke 5:38:Karna itu air anggur baru harus orang simpan di dalam kantong kulit yang baru juga.Because we people have to store that new wine inside also new wineskins.
** 2008 October 25, Papuan Malay corpus, recording 3, line 86:kalo besok ada berkat sa bli komputer baruif there will be a blessing in the future I will buy a new computer

### Adverb

baru
* recently
** 2008 September 22, Papuan Malay corpus, recording 1a, line 830:kariawang dong baru lewatthe employees recently walked by
* (reduplicated) just now
    Synonym: barusang
** 2008 November 15, Papuan Malay corpus, recording 1a, line 70:baru-baru de masuk ruma-sakitjust now he got into the hospital

### Conjunction

baru
* then, and then, but then
    Synonym: trus
** 2023, Wyclyff translators, Melayu Papua, Genesis 37:24:Baru dong seret de ke sumur, […]And then they brought him to a well, […]
** 2008 September 23, Papuan Malay corpus, recording 10, line 12:[…] de jatu baru motor tindis dia […] he fell and then the motorbike crushed him
* after all
    Synonym: habis

### References

* Kluge, Angela (2017) A grammar of Papuan Malay (Studies in Diversity Linguistics 11), Berlin: Language Science Press, →DOI, pages 131, 271, 475, 567

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

baru (Cyrillic spelling бару)
* dative/locative singular of bȃr

### Noun

baru (Cyrillic spelling бару)
* accusative singular of bȁra

## Sundanese
### Etymology

From Malay baharu, from Proto-Malayic *baharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)baqəʀuh. Doublet of bahayu

### Adjective

baru (Sundanese script ᮘᮛᮥ)
* new (recently made or created)

## Ternate
### Etymology

Likely from Malay baru

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈba.ɾu/

### Noun

baru
* sea hibiscus
    Synonym: baru dowongi

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## West Makian
### Etymology

Said by Collins to be a borrowing from Malay [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈba.ru/

### Noun

baru
* boat caulking

### References

* James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎, Pacific linguistics