# alma
## English
### Alternative forms

* almah

### Etymology

From colloquial Arabic عَالِمَة (ʕālima, “singer”), originally a feminine adjective meaning “learned, knowledgeable”, from عَلِمَ (ʕalima, “to know”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈæl.mə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: al‧ma

### Noun

alma (plural almas or alma or awalim)
* An Egyptian female singer or dancing-girl employed for entertainment or as a professional mourner.

### Anagrams

* amla, Alam, lama, Amal, laam, Lama, mala, LAMA

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin anima.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈalma/ [ˈal.ma]
* Rhymes: -alma
* Syllabification: al‧ma

### Noun

alma f (plural almes)
* soul
    Synonyms: ánima, espíritu

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *alma.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑɫˈmɑ/
* Azerbaijani:(file)

#### Noun

alma (definite accusative almanı, plural almalar)
* apple

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɑɫ.mɑ]

#### Verb

alma
* second-person singular negative imperative of almaq

## Crimean Tatar
### Alternative forms

* elma

### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *alma.

### Noun

alma
* apple

#### Declension
## Gagauz
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish آلْمَه (alma), آلْمَا (alma), from Proto-Common Turkic *alma. Compare Turkish elma, Azerbaijani alma.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑɫˈmɑ/
* Hyphenation: al‧ma

### Noun

alma (definite accusative almayı, plural almalar)
* apple tree
* apple

#### Derived terms

* Beşalma

### References

* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “elma”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

### Further reading

* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “алма”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 42

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* ialma

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese alma, from Latin anima. The dialectal form ialma contains an antihiatic sandhi semi-vowel generated in the usual expression a alma, "the soul". Doublet of ánima.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈalma/ [ˈɑl.mɐ]
* IPA: /ˈjalma/ [ˈjɑl.mɐ] (dialectal, corresponding to the form ialma)
* Rhymes: -alma
* Hyphenation: al‧ma

### Noun

alma f (plural almas)
* soul (of a living person)
** 1594, anonymous author, Entremés dos pastores:Ay Jan cata non te enfermes, nen sentencies con malicia, cata que a yalma perdes.Oh, Xan, look, don't get sick, or sentence with malice; watch out, because you are losing the soul
* (figurative) person
    Synonyms: cristiano, persoa
* (figurative) health
    Synonym: saúde
* (figurative) core, nucleus
    Synonym: cerne

#### See also

* ánima

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “alma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “alma”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “alma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “alma”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “alma”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Gallurese
### Alternative forms

* arma (La Maddalena)

### Etymology

From Classical Latin arma, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈalma/

### Noun

alma f (plural almi)
* weapon

### References

* 1 2 Mauro Maxia (2012) Fonetica storica del gallurese e delle altre varietà sardocorse (in Sassarese), Editrice Taphros, →ISBN, page 73

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

From Portuguese alma. Cognate with Kabuverdianu álma.

### Noun

alma
* soul

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɒːlmɒ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: al‧ma
* Rhymes: -mɒ

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Common Turkic *alma.

#### Noun

alma (plural almák)
* apple

##### Derived terms

* almácska
* almányi
* almás
* almázik
* almabor
* almafa
* almalé
* almazöld
* birsalma
* gránátalma
* nem esik messze az alma a fájától

### Etymology 2

alom (“litter, bedding”) +‎ -a (possessive suffix)

#### Noun

alma
* third-person singular single-possession possessive of alom

##### Declension
### Further reading

* alma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* alma in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Ili Turki
### Noun

alma
* apple

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈal.ma/
* Rhymes: -alma
* Hyphenation: àl‧ma

### Etymology 1

Probably from Vulgar Latin *alima, dissimilated form of Latin anima (compare Spanish and Portuguese alma); alternatively, a borrowing from Old Occitan (compare Occitan anma, arma). Doublet of anima.

#### Noun

alma f (plural alme)
* (literary) soul
    Synonym: anima

#### References

* ↑ alma in sapere.it – De Agostini Editore
* ↑ http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alma_%28Enciclopedia-Dantesca%29/?

#### Further reading

* alma$^1$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἅλμα (hálma, “jump”).

#### Noun

alma m (uncountable)
* (board games) halma

#### Further reading

* alma$^2$ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

alma
* feminine singular of almo

### Anagrams

* lama

## Ladino
### Etymology

From Latin anima.

### Noun

alma f (plural almas)
* soul

## Latin
### Adjective

alma f
* inflection of almus:
** feminine nominative/vocative singular
** neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

### References

* "alma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* “alma”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

## Leonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin anima.

### Noun

alma f (plural almas)
* soul

### References

* AEDLL

## Mirandese
### Etymology

From Latin anima (“soul, breath”).

### Noun

alma f (plural almas)
* soul

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

From Latin anima (“soul, breath”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈal̪.ma/

### Noun

alma f (plural almas)
* soul
** a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 26 (facsimile):
    e logo chegar..a alma tomar demões q̇ a leuarõ. mui toſte ſẽ tardar
       and soon devils arrived, seizing the soul, and took it very quickly without delay

#### Synonyms

* espirito

#### Descendants

* Galician: alma
* Portuguese: alma

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese alma, from Latin anima (“soul, breath”). Doublet of anima, borrowed from the same source.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈaw.mɐ/ [ˈaʊ̯.mɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈaw.mɐ/ [ˈaʊ̯.mɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈaw.ma/ [ˈaʊ̯.ma]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈal.mɐ/ [ˈaɫ.mɐ]
* Audio (Portugal, Porto):(file)
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -almɐ, (Brazil) -awmɐ
* Hyphenation: al‧ma

### Noun

alma f (plural almas)
* soul
** 1913, Fernando Pessoa, Ó sino da minha aldeia:Ó sino da minha aldeia, / Dolente na tarde calma, / Cada tua badalada / Soa dentro da minha alma.Oh bell of my village, / Mournful in this peaceful afternoon, / Each one of your tollings / Resounds in my soul.

#### Derived terms

* minh'alma

## Sassarese
### Pronunciation

* (Sedini) IPA: /ˈalma/

### Noun

alma f (plural almi)
* (dialectal) Alternative form of àimma (“weapon”)

### References

* ↑ Mauro Maxia (2012) Fonetica storica del gallurese e delle altre varietà sardocorse (in Sassarese), Editrice Taphros, →ISBN, page 73

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Old Spanish alma, inherited from Latin anima. Doublet of ánima, borrowed from the same source.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈalma/ [ˈal.ma]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -alma
* Syllabification: al‧ma

### Noun

alma f (plural almas)
* soul
    Synonym: ánima
* (engineering) web (strip of material between flanges)

#### Usage notes

* Feminine nouns beginning with stressed /ˈa/ like alma take the singular definite article el (otherwise reserved for masculine nouns) instead of the usual la: el alma. This includes the contracted forms al and del (instead of a la and de la, respectively): al alma, del alma. This is to avoid doubling of the /a/ sound.
    These nouns also usually take the indefinite article un that is otherwise used with masculine nouns (although the standard feminine form una is also permitted): un alma or una alma. The same is true with determiners algún/alguna and ningún/ninguna, as well as for numerals ending with 1 (e.g., veintiún/veintiuna).
    However, if another word intervenes between the article and the noun, the usual feminine singular articles and determiners (la, una etc.) must be used: la mejor alma, una buena alma.
* If an adjective follows the noun, it must agree with the noun's gender regardless of the article used: el alma única, un(a) alma buena.
* In the plural, the usual feminine singular articles and determiners (las, unas etc.) are always used.

#### Derived terms

* alma en pena
* alma gemela
* alma mía
* alma perdida
* almilla
* almita
* caérsele el alma a los pies
* con el alma
* con el alma en vilo
* con mil almas
* con toda el alma
* cura de almas
* del alma
* en cuerpo y alma
* en el alma
* no poder con su alma
* noche oscura del alma
* salir como alma que lleva el diablo

#### Descendants

* → Zoogocho Zapotec: angl

### Adjective

alma f
* feminine singular of almo

### Further reading

* “alma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish armar, from Latin armāre.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔalˈma/ [ʔɐlˈma]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: al‧ma

### Noun

almá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋ)
* rising of hind legs in violent protest, rage, or bad temper (as of horses)
* (figurative) rising in violent protest or anger
* (figurative) tantrum; fit of bad temper (as of a child)

#### Derived terms

* mag-alma
* umalma

#### Related terms

* alarma
* alarmado
* armada
* armadilyo
* armado
* armadura
* armamento
* armas
* armason
* armero
* armi
* armistisyo
* armori
* des-arma
* des-arme

#### See also

* lindig

### Anagrams

* alam

## Turkish
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

alma
* second-person singular negative imperative of almak

##### Usage notes

* The stress is on the first syllable, i.e. alma.

#### Noun

alma (definite accusative almayı, plural almalar)
* verbal noun of almak
** taking, picking up, buying

##### Usage notes

* The stress is on the last syllable, i.e. alma.

### Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish آلما (alma).

#### Noun

alma (definite accusative almayı, plural almalar)
* Obsolete form of elma (“apple”).

##### Usage notes

* The stress is on the last syllable, i.e. alma.

## Turkmen
### Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *alma.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: al‧ma

### Noun

alma (definite accusative almany, plural almalar)
* apple

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “alma” in Enedilim.com
* “alma” in Webonary.org