# град
## Belarusian
### Etymology

From Old Ruthenian градъ (hrad), from Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɣrat]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

град • (hrad) m inan (genitive гра́ду, uncountable)
* (meteorology) hail (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm)
** 1927, Алесь Гародня, На крэсах, Minsk: Выданьне ЦБ Маладняка, page 55:Паабапал дарогі гнуліся да зямлі панурныя каласы зьбітага градам жыта.Paabapal daróhi hnulisja da zjamli panurnyja kalasy zʹbitaha hradam žyta.Beaten by the hail, dusky ears of rye bent toward the ground on both sides of the road.
* hail (a rapid, intense barrage by a large number of projectiles or other objects)
** 1938 [1848], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Домбі і сын, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Dombey and Son, page 267:Не менш раззлаваны быў маёр, калі апранаўся к абеду: у часе гэтай працэдуры на цёмнаскурага слугу сыпаўся град усялякіх прадметаў, пачынаючы з бота, канчаючы шчоткай для прычэсвання і ўключаючы ўсё, што трапляла пад руку яго гаспадара.Nje mjenš razzlavany byŭ majór, kali apranaŭsja k abjedu: u časje hetaj pracedury na cjómnaskuraha sluhu sypaŭsja hrad usjaljakix pradmjetaŭ, pačynajučy z bóta, kančajučy ščótkaj dlja pryčesvannja i ŭključajučy ŭsjo, što trapljala pad ruku jahó haspadara.[original: Nor was the Major less exasperated as he dressed for dinner, during which operation the dark servant underwent the pelting of a shower of miscellaneous objects, varying in size from a boot to a hairbrush, and including everything that came within his master’s reach.]
** 1940 [1826], James Fenimore Cooper, anonymous translator, Апошні з магікан, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Last of the Mohicans, page 96:І зноў з лясных гушчараў вырваўся дзікі, люты крык, і свінцовы град засвістаў над галавамі асаджаных;I znoŭ z ljasnyx huščaraŭ vyrvaŭsja dziki, ljuty kryk, i svincóvy hrad zasvistaŭ nad halavami asadžanyx;[original: Once more the savage yells burst out of the woods, and the leaden hail whistled above the heads of the besieged]

#### Declension
### References

* Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1986), “градъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 7 (гляденье – девичество), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 130
* “град”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
* “град” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡrat]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos.

#### Noun

град • (grad) m (relational adjective гра́дски)
* town, city

##### Declension

$^1$Rare.

#### See also

* се́ло n (sélo)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *gradъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d- or *ǵʰreh₃d-.

#### Noun

град • (grad) m
* hail, hailstorm

##### Declension
### Etymology 3
#### Noun

град • (grad) m
* grad (unit of measurement)

##### Declension
### Anagrams

* гард (gard), драг (drag)

## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡrat]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: град

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ.

#### Noun

град • (grad) m (plural градови, relational adjective градски, diminutive гратче or градец, augmentative градиште)
* city, town

##### Derived terms

* велеград m (velegrad)
* главен град m (glaven grad)
* градоначалник m (gradonačalnik)
* градоначалничка f (gradonačalnička)
* градоначалнички (gradonačalnički)
* граѓанец m (graǵanec)
* граѓанин m (graǵanin)
* граѓанка f (graǵanka)
* меѓуградски (meǵugradski)
* приградски (prigradski)
* сограѓанин m (sograǵanin)
* сограѓанка f (sograǵanka)

##### Related terms

* градба f (gradba)
* градежен (gradežen)
* градежништво n (gradežništvo)
* гради (gradi)
* градилиште n (gradilište)
* заграда f (zagrada)
* зграда f (zgrada)
* изгради (izgradi)

#### See also

* општина f (opština)
* село n (selo)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

#### Noun

град • (grad) m (uncountable)
* hail (balls of ice)

##### Declension
#### See also

* дожд m (dožd)
* снег m (sneg)

### References

* “град” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

### Anagrams

* гард (gard), драг (drag)

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* градъ (grad) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology 1

From Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.
Cognate with Lithuanian gruodas (Proto-Balto-Slavic *grōda-), Latin grandō, Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut), Sanskrit ह्रादुनि (hrāduni, “hail”) and possibly with English grind.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡrat]
* Rhymes: -at

#### Noun

град • (grad) m inan (genitive гра́да, uncountable, diminutive гра́дик)
* (meteorology) hail
    Град идёт ― Grad idjót ― It’s hailing.
* (by extension) deluge, hail, shower (overwhelming flow or barrage of something)
    град пуль ― grad pulʹ ― hail of bullets

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ), which is a reflex of Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ. Doublet of го́род (górod), which was normally inherited by pleophony. Old Church Slavonic word shows liquid metathesis characteristic of South Slavic area.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡrat]

#### Noun

град • (grad) m inan (genitive гра́да, nominative plural гра́ды, genitive plural гра́дов)
* (poetic, archaic) town, city, used as a common city name suffix (Волгоград, Калининград, Ленинград)
    стольный град ― stolʹnyj grad ― capital (city) (modern Russian: столи́ца (stolíca))
    Synonym: (regular term) го́род (górod)

##### Derived terms

* атомгра́д (atomgrád)

##### Related terms

* го́род (górod)
* -град (-grad)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrâːd/

#### Noun

гра̑д m (Latin spelling grȃd)
* city, town
* fortress, castle
* (usually after the preposition у) downtown, city centre

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “град”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gradъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d- or *ǵʰreh₃d-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrâd/

#### Noun

гра̏д m (Latin spelling grȁd)
* hail
    Synonym: ту̏ча

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “град”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Latin gradus.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡrâːd/

#### Noun

гра̑д m (Latin spelling grȃd)
* (mathematics) gradian
* degree (measuring unit in various systems; the more usual and general term is сте̏пе̄н or сту̑пањ)

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “град”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Old Ukrainian градъ (hrad), from Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦrad]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

град • (hrad) m inan (genitive гра́ду, nominative plural гра́ди, genitive plural гра́дів)
* (meteorology) hail

#### Declension
### References

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “град”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* “град”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)