# them
## English
### Alternative forms

* dem (nonstandard)

### Etymology

From Middle English þem, from Old Norse þeim.

### Pronunciation

* (stressed) enPR: thĕm, IPA: /ˈðɛm/
** (stressed form, New York City) IPA: [ˈd̪ɛm]
* Audio (US):(file)
* (unstressed) enPR: thəm, IPA: /ˈðəm/
** (unstressed form, New York City) IPA: [ˈd̪ʌm]
** (unstressed form, nonstandard, General American) IPA: /ˈðʌm/
* Audio (US, unstressed form); “see them”:(file)
* (pen-pin merger) IPA: /ˈðɪm/
* Rhymes: -ɛm
* Hyphenation: them

### Pronoun

them (third-person, personal pronoun, objective case of they)
* (in the plural) Those ones.
** Used as the direct object of a verb.
    She treated them for a cold.
** Used as the indirect object of a verb.
    She wrote them a letter.
** Used as the object of a preposition.
    Give it to them.
* (in the singular) A single person, previously mentioned, especially if of unknown or non-binary gender.
** Used as the direct object of a verb.
    If a student has an inappropriate question, whatever you do, do not berate them.
*** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 17:2–5:If there be found among you, within any of thy gates which the Lord thy God giveth thee, man or woman, that hath wrought wickedness in the sight of the Lord thy God, […] [t]hen shalt thou bring forth that man or that woman, which have committed that wicked thing, unto thy gates, even that man or that woman, and shalt stone them with stones, till they die.
*** 2006, St. John Ambulance, First on the Scene: Student Reference Guide, →ISBN, Lesson 2, page 3:Place the casualty on their back with feet and legs raised—this is called the shock position. [emphasis in original] Once the casualty is positioned, cover them to preserve body heat, but do not overheat.
*** 2007, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, London: Bloomsbury, 2008, →ISBN, page 270:Someone in the crowd around the lifts called sycophantically, ‘Morning, Yaxley!’ Yaxley ignored them.
** Used as the indirect object of a verb.
    If one of my patients calls, please bring them their dinner.
** Used as the object of a preposition.
    If someone comes and asks for the ticket, just give it to them.
*** 2024 July 2, Rukiye Arslan, Derya Yanık, Raziye Pekşen Akça, “Investigation of Menstrual Hygiene and Self-Care Skills of Adolescent Girls with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mother Views”, in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, →DOI:Each adolescent girl with ASD has needs specific to her because each of them has variable characteristics and different degrees of sensory and perceptual difficulties.
* (informal, in certain phrases, treated as singular) They or those.
    I know it seems unfair, but them's the rules.

#### Usage notes

* Regarding the use of singular them, see they.

#### Synonyms

* dem (nonstandard)
* em (colloquial)
* 'em (colloquial)
* hem (obsolete)

#### Related terms

* their
* theirs
* themself
* themselves
* them there
* they
* us-and-them-ism

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

Dialectal and obsolete or archaic forms are in italics.
personal pronounpossessive pronounpossessive determiner
subjective
objective
reflexive
first personsingular
I me (colloquial)memyself me mysenminemy mine (before vowels, archaic) me
plural
weusourselves ourself oursenoursour
second personsingular
standard (historically formal)
youyouyourself yoursenyours yourn (obsolete outside dialects)your
archaic (historically informal)
thoutheethyself theeself thysenthinethy thine (before vowels)
plural
standard
you ye (archaic)youyourselvesyours yourn (obsolete outside dialects)your
colloquial
you all y'all you guysyou all y'all you guysy'allselvesy'all's you guys' your guys' (proscribed)y'all's your all's (nonstandard) you guys' your guys' (proscribed)
informal / dialectal
(see list of dialectal forms at you and inflected forms in those entries)
third person
singular
masculine
hehimhimself hisself (archaic) hissenhis hisn (obsolete outside dialects)his
feminine
sheherherself hersenhers hern (obsolete outside dialects)her
neuter
it hitit hititself hitselfits his (archaic)its his (archaic) hits
genderless
theythemthemself, themselvestheirstheir
nonspecific (formal)
oneoneoneself–one's
plural
theythem hem, 'emthemselves theirsentheirs theirn (obsolete outside dialects)their :

### Determiner

them
* (dialectal or nonstandard) Those.
    Gimme two of them yellow ones.
** 1835, John Pendleton Kennedy, Horse Shoe Robinson: A Tale of the Tory Ascendency:How would you like a scrummage, Andy, with them Scotchmen that stole your mother's chickens this morning?
** 1915, C.J. Dennis, The Songs of the Sentimental Bloke, published 1916, page 13:The world 'as got me snouted jist a treat; / Crool Forchin's dirty left 'as smote me soul. / An' all them joys o' life I 'eld so sweet / Is up the pole.
** 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:"I say it's a shame, Silas Linden, the way them children is treated."
** 1956, Allen Ginsberg, “America”, in Howl and Other Poems (Pocket Poets Series), City Lights Books, →OCLC, page 33:America you don’t really want to go to war. America it's them bad Russians. Them Russians them Russians and them Chinamen. And them Russians.
** 2005, Elmer Kelton, Sons of Texas, Tor/Forge, page 111:" […] Them two wild horses ain't fit to ride, and I been wonderin' how I was goin' to get you out of this place before them Spanish maybe circle back and finish the job."
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:them.

### Anagrams

* Meth., TEHM, meth, meth-, MHET, tehm

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* thom
* tham

### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *θēm-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to say, instruct, announce”). Cognate with Sanskrit शास्ति (śā́sti, “to instruct, advise, command”), and Latin cēnseō (“to give an opinion, to judge, guess, reckon”). Potentially a doublet of rrëfej.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [θem]

### Verb

them (aorist thashë, participle thënë)
* (transitive) to say

#### Conjugation

* Show compound tenses:

#### Derived terms

* kundërthem

### Further reading

* “them”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “them”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎

## Kalo Finnish Romani
### Noun

them m
* country, state

#### Derived terms

* Anglkaano them
* botnosko them
* daadesko them
* Danskako them
* Finitiko them
* Finnosko them
* Greekako them
* Gruopako them
* horttibkosko them
* Portiko them
* Sveediko them
* themmeskiero
* vildo them

### References

* “them” in Finnish Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Pronoun

them
* Alternative spelling of þem (“them”)

### Etymology 2
#### Determiner

them
* Alternative spelling of þem (“the, that, this”)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

them
* Alternative form of tem (“group”)

### Etymology 4
#### Verb

them
* Alternative form of temen (“to produce offspring”)

## Mizo
### Noun

them
* part

## Romani
### Etymology

Several etymologies have been proposed:
* Inherited from Sanskrit *स्थाम्य (sthāmya).
* Borrowed from Old Armenian թեմ (tʻem).

### Noun

them m (plural thema)
* country, state
* area

### References

* ↑ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*sthāmya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 794
* ↑ Yaron Matras (2002) “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 28
* ↑ Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 287
* Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “them, ~a”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 156

## Welsh Romani
### Noun

them m (in the plural thema)
* land, country
* country (as opposed to town)
* earth, world

#### Derived terms

* 'Måro Them
* 'Pre O Them
* Akala Thema
* Akava Them
* Angitrako Them
* Barenengo Them
* basavo phirimasko them
* bengesko them
* bita them
* Bålengo Them
* develesko them
* Dešnengo Them
* džambengo them
* Flumeriako Them
* Gaudrako Them
* Gaudrengo Them
* Guruvengo Them
* guruvesko them
* kekengo them
* Kial-Måresko Them
* Kialesko Them
* Klizinako Them
* Kålo Them
* Lovinako Them
* Marikiako Them
* Muzako Them
* någo them
* phabengo them
* rukhano them
* Slačengo Them
* Sutle-Måresko Them
* Talano Them
* talano them
* them kaj pračel o kham
* themeskero
* themesko
* Vangaresko Them
* vaver them
* vešlo them
* Vålšano Them
* Vålšenengo Them
* Vålšitika Them
* Xindo Them
* xoraxano them
* Xujimen Them
* Xåndžvalo Them
* Zuminako Them
* Čoxengo Them

### References

* “them” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.