# ош
## Eastern Mari
### Etymology

From Proto-Mari [Term?], possibly from Proto-Uralic *ačka. Cognate with Western Mari oшы (ošy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oʃ/
* Rhymes: -oʃ
* Hyphenation: ош

### Adjective

ош • (oš) (long form ошо)
* white
* fair, light, blond
* pale
* clean (clothing)
* (historical, politics) White

### References

* J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ош”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

## Erzya
### Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *oš, from Proto-Uralic *woča (“fence; fishweir”). Cognate with Finnish otava, Northern Sami oahci, Lule Sami oahtse, among others.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

ош • (oš)
* town
** 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 9:Seste sajize sońze šaitan sv’ätoi ošs i sťavtyze tserkvań veľťamo langso.Then the devil took him to the holy city and had him stand on the highest point of the temple.

#### Derived terms

* ошке, ошонь, ошиямс, ошиямо, ошондямс, ошондямо.

### References

* ош (oš) in Álgu-tietokanta, Kotimaisten kielten keskus
* Entry #1155 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

## Komi-Yazva
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *ɔš. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian ош (oš) and Komi-Permyak ош (oš).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈoʃ/, [ˈoʃ̺]
* Rhymes: -oʃ
* Hyphenation: ош

### Noun

ош (oš)
* bear (Ursus)

#### Derived terms

* ошөвөй (ošåvåj)
* ош сэтөр (oš setår)
* ош ягөд (oš jagåd)

### References

* A. S. Lobanova, K. S. Kichigina (2012) Русско-Коми-язьвинский словарь [Russian-Komi-Yazva dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Perm: ПГГПУ, →ISBN, page 143
* V. I. Lytkin (1961) Коми-язьвинский диалект [The Komi-Yazva dialect] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Издательство Академии наук СССР, page 157

## Komi-Zyrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *ɔš. Cognates include Komi-Permyak ош (oš) and Komi-Yazva ош (oš).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈoʃ/, [ˈo̞ʃ̺]
* Rhymes: -oʃ
* Hyphenation: ош

### Noun

ош • (oš)
* bear (mammal of the genus Ursus)

#### Declension

Possessive declension of ош :

#### Derived terms

* бурӧй ош (buröj oš)
* еджыд ош (jedžyd oš)
* руд ош (rud oš)
* сьӧд ош (śöd oš)

### References

* Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 32
* Anu-Reet Hauzenberg (1972) Названия животных в коми языке [Names of animals in the Komi language], Tallinn: Estonian Academy of Sciences, page 24
* L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 458

## Moksha
### Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *woča. Cognate with Erzya ош (oš).

### Pronunciation

IPA: /oʃ/
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

ош • (oš)
* city, town
** Oahpa, University of Tromsø
    ошста ошс ― ošsta ošs ― from city to city
    ошса ― ošsa ― in city
    ошень ― ošeń ― of city; such that is characteristic of city

#### Usage notes

Cygankin gives the prolative form ошка (oška) but Golenkov — ошева (oševa).

#### Declension
### References

* Indefinite paradigm in Cygankin, D. V. (1980) Grammatika mordovskix jazykov. Fonetika, grafika, orfografija, morfologija [Mordvinic grammar] (in Russian), Saransk, page 153
* Indefinite and definite paradigms in Nikolaj Golenkov (2009) Govorim po-mokšanski — Korxtatama mokšeks: razgovornik [Let's speak Moksha: phrasebook], Saransk: Izdatelʹskij dom «Kniga», →ISBN, page 70

## Northern Altai
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ạbuč. Cognate to Khakas оос (oos), Shor ош (oš), оош (ooš), Tofa оъш (oʺš), etc.

### Noun

ош • (oš)
* handful

### References

* N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “ош”, in Severnyje dialekty Altajskovo (Ojrotskovo Jazyka- Dialekt kumandincev(Kumandin Kiži) [Northern Dialect of Altai -Kumandin Dialect(Kumandin kiži)], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoja literatury, →ISBN, page 237

## Tajik
### Etymology

Inherited from Classical Persian آش (āš), see there for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /oʃ/, [ʔɔʃ]

### Noun

ош • (oš) (Persian spelling آش)
* cooked food
* thick Persian-style soup

#### Derived terms

* оши палов (oš-i palov)

## Udmurt
### Etymology

From Proto-Permic *ɔ̇š, from Proto-Uralic *uškɜ, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *uksḗn (compare Sanskrit उक्षन् (ukṣan) and English ox). Cognates include Eastern Mari ӱшкыж (üškyž).
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian ӧш (öš) and Komi-Permyak ӧшка (öška).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈoʃ]
* Rhymes: -oʃ
* Hyphenation: ош

### Noun

ош • (oš)
* bull, ox
* see Ош (Oš)

#### Declension

| | singular | plural |
| nominative | ош oš | ошъёс ošjos |
| accusative | ошез ošez | ошъёсыз ošjosyz |
| genitive | ошлэн ošlen | ошъёслэн ošjoslen |
| dative | ошлы ošly | ошъёслы ošjosly |
| ablative | ошлэсь ošleś | ошъёслэсь ošjosleś |
| instrumental | ошен ošen | ошъёсын ošjosyn |
| abessive | оштэк oštek | ошъёстэк ošjostek |
| adverbial | ошъя ošja | ошъёсъя ošjosja |
| inessive | ошын ošyn | ошъёсын ošjosyn |
| illative | оше oše | ошъёсы ošjosy |
| elative | ошысь ošyś | ошъёсысь ošjosyś |
| egressive | ошысьен ošyśjen | ошъёсысьен ošjosyśjen |
| terminative | ошозь ošoź | ошъёсозь ošjosoź |
| prolative | ошетӥ ošeti | ошъёсытӥ ošjosyti |
| allative | ошлань ošlań | ошъёслань ošjoslań |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | оше oše | ошъёсы ošjosy |
| accusative | ошме ošme | ошъёсме ošjosme |
| genitive | ошелэн ošelen | ошъёсылэн ošjosylen |
| dative | ошелы ošely | ошъёсылы ošjosyly |
| ablative | ошелэсь ošeleś | ошъёсылэсь ošjosyleś |
| instrumental | ошеным ošenym | ошъёсыным ošjosynym |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | ошед ošed | ошъёсыд ošjosyd |
| accusative | оштэ ošte | ошъёстэ ošjoste |
| genitive | ошедлэн ošedlen | ошъёсыдлэн ošjosydlen |
| dative | ошедлы ošedly | ошъёсыдлы ošjosydly |
| ablative | ошедлэсь ošedleś | ошъёсыдлэсь ošjosydleś |
| instrumental | ошеныд ošenyd | ошъёсыныд ošjosynyd |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | ошез ošez | ошъёсыз ošjosyz |
| accusative | ошсэ ošse | ошъёссэ ošjosse |
| genitive | ошезлэн ošezlen | ошъёсызлэн ošjosyzlen |
| dative | ошезлы ošezly | ошъёсызлы ošjosyzly |
| ablative | ошезлэсь ošezleś | ошъёсызлэсь ošjosyzleś |
| instrumental | ошеныз ošenyz | ошъёсыныз ošjosynyz |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | ошмы ošmy | ошъёсмы ošjosmy |
| accusative | ошмэс ošmes | ошъёсмес ošjosmes |
| genitive | ошмылэн ošmylen | ошъёсмылэн ošjosmylen |
| dative | ошмылы ošmyly | ошъёсмылы ošjosmyly |
| ablative | ошмылэсь ošmyleś | ошъёсмылэсь ošjosmyleś |
| instrumental | ошенымы ošenymy | ошъёсынымы ošjosynymy |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | ошты ošty | ошъёсты ošjosty |
| accusative | оштэс oštes | ошъёстэс ošjostes |
| genitive | оштылэн oštylen | ошъёстылэн ošjostylen |
| dative | оштылы oštyly | ошъёстылы ošjostyly |
| ablative | оштылэсь oštyleś | ошъёстылэсь ošjostyleś |
| instrumental | ошеныды ošenydy | ошъёсыныды ošjosynydy |
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | ошсы ošsy | ошъёссы ošjossy |
| accusative | ошсэс ošses | ошъёссэс ošjosses |
| genitive | ошсылэн ošsylen | ошъёссылэн ošjossylen |
| dative | ошсылы ošsyly | ошъёссылы ošjossyly |
| ablative | ошсылэсь ošsyleś | ошъёссылэсь ošjossyleś |
| instrumental | ошенызы ošenyzy | ошъёсынызы ošjosynyzy |

#### Derived terms

* ошкужым (oškužym)
* ошлузь (ošluź)
* ошпи (ošpi)

### References

* L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ош”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 500
* T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 55
* Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 185