# annus
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* a. (abbreviation)

### Etymology

Proposed to derive from Proto-Italic *atnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ét-no-, probably from *h₂et- (“to go”). Cognate with Oscan akno- (“year, holiday, time of offering”); Umbrian acnu (“years”); Gothic *𐌰𐌸𐌽 (*aþn) or *𐌰𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*aþns, “year”), attested in 𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌸𐌽𐌹 (ataþni, “year”); and dialectal Dutch aden (“year”).
For the root, compare Sanskrit अतति (atati, “he wanders, goes”). For a comparable case of *-tn- yielding a geminate -nn- in Latin, see penna (“feather”), from Proto-Italic *petnā.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈan.nus/, [ˈänːʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈan.nus/, [ˈänːus]

### Noun

annus m (genitive annī); second declension
* year
    Viginti annos natus est.He is twenty years old.
    Abhinc duo annos factum est.It happened two years ago.
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.273–274:Nos quoque idem facimus tunc, cum iuvenalibus annis ¶ luxuriant animi, corporaque ipsa vigent.We also do the same then, when in youthful years [our] spirits are luxuriant, and [our] bodies themselves are vigorous.
* (figurative) time
    Synonyms: tempus, hōra
* (figurative) season
    Synonyms: tempestās, hōra

#### Usage notes

For the changing Roman conceptions of the year over time, see Roman calendar on Wikipedia.

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* ad annum
* annālis
* anniculus
* annifer
* anniperennāns
* anniversārius
* annōna
* annōsus
* annōtinus
* annuālis
* annus solidus
* annuus
* biennālis
* biennis
* biennium
* centennis
* centennium
* decennalis
* decennis
* decennium
* duodecennis
* duodecennium
* in annum
* millennium
* novennis
* novennium
* octennis
* octennium
* perennis
* plūrennis
* quadrennālis
* quadrennium
* quadriennis
* quīnquennālis
* quinquennis
* quīnquennium
* quotennis
* sedecennis
* septuennis
* septuennium
* sexennis
* sexennium
* sine anno
* tredecennis
* tredecennium
* tredennis
* tricennālis
* tricennis
* tricennium
* triennis
* triennium
* vicennālis
* vicennis
* vicennium

#### Descendants

* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: annu
* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: an
** Istro-Romanian: ån
** Megleno-Romanian: an
** Romanian: an
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Corsican: annu
** Dalmatian: jan, yan, jain, yain
** Istriot: ano
** Italian: anno, ⇒ annata
** Neapolitan: anno
*** Tarantino: anne
** Sicilian: annu
** Venetan: ano, an
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: an
** Ladin: an
** Romansch: onn, on, an
* Gallo-Italic:
** Lombard: ann
** Piedmontese: ann
** Romagnol: ân
* Gallo-Romance:
** Northern:
*** Franco-Provençal: an, ⇒ anâ
*** Old French: an, ⇒ anee
**** French: an, ⇒ année
***** ⇒ Antillean Creole: lanné
**** ⇒ Gallo: anné
**** Norman: aun, an, ⇒ annaée, année, onnaïe
**** ⇒ Walloon: anêye
** Southern:
*** Catalan: any
*** Old Occitan: an
**** Occitan: an, ⇒ annada
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: año, anyo
** Extremaduran: añu
** Old Galician-Portuguese: ano
*** Galician: ano, ⇒ anada
*** Portuguese: ano
**** Guinea-Bissau Creole: anu
**** Kabuverdianu: ánu
**** Papiamentu: aña
** Old Leonese:
*** Asturian: añu
*** Leonese: añu, anu
*** Mirandese: anho
** Old Spanish: anno
*** Spanish: año
*** Ladino: anyo
* Borrowings:
** → Dutch: anno
** → English: -ennial
** → German: anno
** → Interlingua: anno
** → Norwegian Bokmål: anno

### References

* “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "annus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* annus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno year by year; day by day: singulis annis, diebus a year from now: ad annum it is more than twenty years ago: amplius sunt (quam) viginti anni or viginti annis twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus twenty years ago: abhinc (ante) viginti annos or viginti his annis I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest the division of the year (into months, etc.: anni descriptio the intercalary year (month, day): annus (mensis, dies) intercalaris Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome: Homerus fuit multis annis ante Romam conditam how old are you: quot annos natus es? I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum I am in my thirteenth year: tertium decimum annum ago a boy ten years old: puer decem annorum to be entering on one's tenth year: decimum aetatis annum ingredi to be ten years old: decem annos vixisse to be more than ten years old, to have entered on one's eleventh year: decimum annum excessisse, egressum esse to be not yet twenty: minorem esse viginti annis I was ten years old at the time: tum habebam decem annos to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: centum annos complere to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: vitam ad annum centesimum perducere the addition of a few years: accessio paucorum annorum to happen during a person's life, year of office: in aetatem alicuius, in annum incidere to prolong the command for a year: imperium in annum prorogare (ambiguous) to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis): suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum) to prolong a person's command: prorogare alicui imperium (in annum) (ambiguous) in the past year: praeterito anno (not praeterlapso) (ambiguous) last year: superiore, priore anno (ambiguous) (1) last year; (2) next year: proximo anno (ambiguous) in the following year: insequenti(e) anno (not sequente) (ambiguous) after a year has elapsed: anno peracto, circumacto, interiecto, intermisso (ambiguous) in the course of the year: anno vertente (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno (ambiguous) at the end of the year: exeunte, extremo anno (ambiguous) every fifth year: quinto quoque anno (ambiguous) in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto (ambiguous) to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis): suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum)
* “annus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* annus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* “annus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

### Further reading

* “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* nānus