# 鼎

| 鼎 | U+9F0E, &#40718; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F0E |
| ← 鼍 [U+9F0D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鼏 → [U+9F0F] |
| ⿍ | U+2FCD, &#12237; KANGXI RADICAL TRIPOD |
| ← ⿌ [U+2FCC] | Kangxi Radicals | ⿎ → [U+2FCE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鼎 (Kangxi radical 206, 鼎+0, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 12 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 月山女一中 (BUVML), four-corner 2222$_1$, composition ⿶𤕰目)
* Kangxi radical #206, ⿍.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/鼎
* 𠘋, 𫣨, 濎, 檙, 𤐣, 𬒤, 鐤, 𠟭, 𩕢, 薡, 𠬔, 𩆆, 䨶, 𠕪, 𧈂
* 則, 貞, via development into radical 貝

#### Usage notes

* There is regional variation in the stroke order of the character:
** In mainland China, Japan and Hong Kong, the sixth stroke is 豎折折.
** In Taiwan, the sixth stroke is 豎折 and the seventh stroke is 豎.
** In Japan and Hong Kong, the twelfth stroke is 橫 and the thirteenth stroke is 豎.
** In mainland China, the twelfth stroke is 橫折, corresponding to the thirteenth stroke in Taiwan.

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1525, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48315
* Dae Jaweon: page 2060, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4740, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9F0E

## Chinese

* 鼎 (Written Standard Chinese)
* tiáⁿ (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鼎 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 鼎 | *kleːŋʔ |
| 薡 | *teːŋʔ |
| 濎 | *teːŋʔ |
Pictogram (象形) - a tripod, i.e., an ancient bronze vessel with three legs used for cooking or performing ritual sacrifices. Sometimes, it was carved with characters. Also phonetically (and perhaps semantically) borrowed to indicate "to divine" (then written as 鼑 > 貞). See also the original version of 具 and 則.

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/ʔ)-di(k/ŋ) (“pot; cauldron”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dǐng (ding$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ding$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tín
* Northern Min (KCR): děng
* Eastern Min (BUC): diāng / dīng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dia$^3$ / diaⁿ$^3$ / deng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiáⁿ / téng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dian$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dǐng
*** Wade–Giles: ting$^3$
*** Yale: dǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diing
*** Palladius: дин (din)
*** Sinological IPA : /tiŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ding$^2$
*** Yale: díng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ding$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ding$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɪŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tín
*** Hakka Romanization System: din$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: din$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tin³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: děng
*** Sinological IPA : /teiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: diāng / dīng
*** Sinological IPA : /tiaŋ³³/, /tiŋ³³/
* diāng - vernacular;
* dīng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tengX
Rime :
| Character | 鼎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 都挺切 |
| Baxter | tengX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /teŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /teŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɛŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /teŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tieŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tieŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dǐng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ding$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤeŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kleːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鼎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dǐng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ teng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tˁeŋʔ/ |
| English | cauldron |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鼎 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2415 |
| Phonetic component | 鼎 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 頂 |
| Old Chinese | /*kleːŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

鼎
* ding (ancient large, three-legged bronze cauldron for cooking or sacrificial rituals)
* (figurative) throne; monarchy
* (figurative, historical) important figures in the government
* (figurative) big; great
* (figurative) tripartite balance of forces
* (historical) ancient instrument of torture
* (literary) just (at this time); meanwhile
* (Min) wok
    鼎邊糊／鼎边糊 [Eastern Min] ― diāng-biĕng-gù / [tiaŋ³³⁻²¹ $^{(p-)}$mieŋ⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$ŋu⁵³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― a kind of rice cake popular in Fuzhou area
* 50th hexagram of the I Ching
* a surname

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 釜 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鍋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 鍋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鍋子, 鍋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 鍋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 鍋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 鍋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 鍋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 鍋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鍋 †, 䀇子, 煲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 鍋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 鍋子, 鍋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 鍋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鑊 †, 煲 ‡, 罉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鑊 †, 煲 ‡, 罉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 鑊仔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 鑊仔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鑊 †, 煲 ‡ |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鑊 †, 煲 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 煲 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鑊 †, 煲 ‡ |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 鑊 †, 煲 ‡ |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鍋 †, 鼎罐 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鑊頭 †, 鑊 †, 煲, 煲仔, 烳鑼 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 鑊 † |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 鑊 † |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 鑊仔 † |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 鑊 †, 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 炒鑊 † |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) | 鑊仔 † |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 鑊俅 † |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 鑊俅 † |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 鑊 †, 鑊頭 †, 鑊仔蒂 † |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 鑊 † |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 鑊 † |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 鑊頭 †, 鑊仔 † |
| Hakka | Yudu | 鑊頭 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鑊仔, 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鑊仔, 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鑊仔, 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鑊, 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鑊仔, 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鑊, 鑊頭 † |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 鑊頭 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 鑊頭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鍋, 銚兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鼎 †, 鍋仔, 鍋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鼎 †, 鍋鍋, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鼎 †, 鍋仔, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鼎 †, 鍋仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鼎 †, 鍋仔 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 鼎仔 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 鼎 † |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 鼎 †, 鼎仔 †, 鍋仔, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 鍋仔 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鼎 †, 鍋 ‡, 木磬 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 鼎 †, 鍋 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鼎 †, 生鍋 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | 鼎 † |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 鼎 †, 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 鼎 †, 鍋 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 鼎 †, 鍋 ‡ |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 鍋 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 鼎 † |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 鼎 †, 鍋 ‡ |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 鐺 †, 煲 ‡ |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 鼎 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鑊子, 鍋子 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 鑊子 †, 鍋子 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 鑊 †, 鉛鍋兒, 鍋兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鍋子, 鍋 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 鍋子 †, 爐倉 |
| Note | † - wok; ‡ - pot | † - wok; ‡ - pot |

### Compounds

* 一代鼎臣
* 一言九鼎 (yīyánjiǔdǐng)
* 三分鼎立
* 三分鼎足
* 三牲五鼎
* 三足鼎立 (sānzúdǐnglì)
* 三鼎甲
* 丹鼎
* 九鼎 (jiǔdǐng)
* 九鼎大呂 / 九鼎大吕
* 人聲鼎沸 / 人声鼎沸 (rénshēngdǐngfèi)
* 刀鋸鼎鑊 / 刀锯鼎镬
* 列鼎
* 刑鼎
* 列鼎而食
* 列鼎重裀
* 功銘鼎彝
* 問鼎 / 问鼎 (wèndǐng)
* 嘗鼎一臠 / 尝鼎一脔 (chángdǐngyīluán)
* 四海鼎沸
* 夏鼎
* 大名鼎鼎 (dàmíngdǐngdǐng)
* 大烹五鼎
* 天下鼎沸
* 定鼎
* 定鼎訏謨 / 定鼎𬣙谟
* 寶鼎 / 宝鼎
* 寶鼎勛章 / 宝鼎勋章
* 幕燕鼎魚 / 幕燕鼎鱼
* 庖鼎
* 扛鼎 (gāngdǐng)
* 扛鼎士
* 扛鼎拔山
* 折鼎覆餗 / 折鼎覆𫗧
* 拔山扛鼎
* 拔山舉鼎 / 拔山举鼎
* 擊鐘陳鼎 / 击钟陈鼎
* 擊鐘鼎食 / 击钟鼎食
* 方鼎
* 易順鼎 / 易顺鼎
* 春秋鼎盛 (chūnqiūdǐngshèng)
* 晉鑄刑鼎 / 晋铸刑鼎
* 曶鼎
* 染指於鼎 / 染指于鼎
* 楚莊問鼎 / 楚庄问鼎
* 槐鼎
* 毛公鼎
* 沸鼎
* 湯鼎 / 汤鼎
* 潛圖問鼎 / 潜图问鼎
* 烹飪鼎鼐 / 烹饪鼎鼐
* 牛鼎烹雞 / 牛鼎烹鸡 (niúdǐngpēngjī)
* 瓦棺篆鼎
* 移鼎
* 立鼎安爐 / 立鼎安炉
* 笙歌鼎沸
* 筆力扛鼎 / 笔力扛鼎
* 舉鼎拔山 / 举鼎拔山
* 舉鼎絕臏 / 举鼎绝膑
* 舉鼎觀畫 / 举鼎观画
* 茶鼎
* 藍蔭鼎 / 蓝荫鼎
* 覆鼎
* 觀鼎 / 观鼎
* 調和鼎鼐 / 调和鼎鼐
* 調鼎 / 调鼎
* 讒鼎 / 谗鼎
* 負鼎 / 负鼎
* 負鼎之願 / 负鼎之愿
* 贗鼎 / 赝鼎
* 身膏鼎鑊 / 身膏鼎镬
* 遷鼎 / 迁鼎
* 郜鼎
* 重裀列鼎
* 金鼎獎 / 金鼎奖
* 鐘鳴鼎食 / 钟鸣鼎食 (zhōngmíngdǐngshí)
* 鐘鼎 / 钟鼎
* 鐘鼎之家 / 钟鼎之家
* 鐘鼎文 / 钟鼎文 (zhōngdǐngwén)
* 鐘鼎款識 / 钟鼎款识
* 鐘鼎高門 / 钟鼎高门
* 鑄鼎象物 / 铸鼎象物
* 陳鼎擊鐘 / 陈鼎击钟
* 革故鼎新
* 革舊鼎新 / 革旧鼎新
* 香火鼎盛
* 鳴鐘列鼎 / 鸣钟列鼎
* 鼎位
* 鼎俎
* 鼎元
* 鼎元之分
* 鼎力 (dǐnglì)
* 鼎力玉成 (dǐnglìyùchéng)
* 鼎力相助 (dǐnglìxiāngzhù)
* 鼎命
* 鼎峙 (dǐngzhì)
* 鼎席
* 鼎彝
* 鼎折足 (dǐngzhézú)
* 鼎新 (dǐngxīn)
* 鼎新革故
* 鼎族
* 鼎棋
* 鼎沸 (dǐngfèi)
* 鼎沸不絕 / 鼎沸不绝
* 鼎湖 (dǐnghú)
* 鼎甲
* 鼎盛 (dǐngshèng)
* 鼎祚
* 鼎立 (dǐnglì)
* 鼎臣
* 鼎蓋 / 鼎盖 (tiáⁿ-kòa) (Min Nan)
* 鼎足 (dǐngzú)
* 鼎足三分
* 鼎足之勢 / 鼎足之势 (dǐngzú zhī shì)
* 鼎足而立
* 鼎輔 / 鼎辅
* 鼎邊糊 / 鼎边糊 (dǐngbiānhú)
* 鼎邊銼 / 鼎边锉
* 鼎鍾 / 鼎钟
* 鼎鑊 / 鼎镬
* 鼎鑊刀鋸 / 鼎镬刀锯
* 鼎革 (dǐnggé)
* 鼎食 (dǐngshí)
* 鼎食鳴鐘 / 鼎食鸣钟
* 鼎鼎 (dǐngdǐng)
* 鼎鼎大名 (dǐngdǐngdàmíng)
* 鼎鼎有名
* 鼎鼐 (dǐngnài)
* 鼎鼐臣
* 鼎鼐調和 / 鼎鼐调和
* 龜鼎 / 龟鼎

### Further reading

* “鼎”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* three-legged kettle
* trio, triad

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちょう (chō)
* Kan-on: てい (tei)
* Kun: かなえ (kanae, 鼎)
* Nanori: かなえ (kanae)、かね (kane)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鼎
* かなえ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 釜 (less, common)
Originally a compound of 金 (kana, “metal”) +‎ 瓮 (he, “a pot or pan for holding food or beverages”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かなえ [kànáé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠na̠e̞]

#### Noun

鼎(かなえ) • (kanae)
* a three-legged kettle, a tripod kettle, used for cooking and later for ceremonial purposes in ancient China, and often made of bronze
* a symbol of a king or other high authority

##### Idioms

* 鼎(かなえ)の軽重(けいじゅう)を問(と)う (kanae no keijū o tō): "to ask about the weight of a kettle" ⇒ to question a person's ability
* 鼎(かなえ)の沸(わ)くが如(ごと)し (kanae no waku ga gotoshi): "just like a boiling kettle" ⇒ a metaphor for a noisy busy situation
* 鼎(かなえ)の中(なか)の一切(ひとき)れの肉(にく) (kanae no naka no hitokire no niku): "single slice of meat [from] in the kettle" ⇒ to get a read on the whole from a small sample
* 鼎(かなえ)を扛(あ)ぐ (kanae o agu): "to lift a kettle" ⇒ to be physically strong
* 鼎(かなえ)を定(さだ)む (kanae o sadamu): "to settle the kettle" ⇒ to control the imperial capital, to ascend the throne

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鼎
* てい Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 鼎 (MC tengX). Compare modern Mandarin 鼎 (dǐng).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てー [téꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [te̞ː]

#### Noun

鼎(てい) • (tei)
* a three-legged kettle, a tripod kettle, used for cooking and later for ceremonial purposes in ancient China, and often made of bronze
* the fiftieth of the sixty-four hexagrams of the I Ching ䷱
    Hypernym: 六十四卦

##### Derived terms

* 鼎革 (teikaku, “a state of transformation, especially a major politcal one”)
* 鼎座 (teiza, “a three-way seating arrangement with three people facing each other; to sit in such an arrangement”)
* 鼎足 (teisoku, “the legs of a tripod; a three-way opposition; a triumvirate in support of a superior”)
* 鼎峙 (teiji, “a three-way opposition; to stand in three-way opposition”)
* 鼎談 (teidan, “a three-way conversation; to have a three-way conversation”)
* 鼎部 (teibu, “that set of kanji that have the character 鼎 as the radical”)
* 鼎立 (teiritsu, “a three-way opposition; to stand in three-way opposition”)
* 鐘鼎文(しょうていぶん) (shōteibun)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

鼎 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鼎: Hán Nôm readings: đỉnh, đảnh, đửng, đững, đựng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.