# 山東
## Chinese

* 山東 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 山東 (Cantonese)
* 山東 (Classical)
* 山東 (Gan)
* Sân-tûng (Hakka)
* Săng-dĕ̤ng (Eastern Min)
* Soaⁿ-tang (Southern Min)
* 山東 (Wu)

### Etymology
#### Shandong

    So named as it lies on the east of the Taihang Mountains.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Shāndōng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saan$^1$ dung$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Sân-tûng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): san$^1$ dung$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): Suíng-dóng
* Eastern Min (BUC): Săng-dĕ̤ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Soaⁿ-tang
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suan$^1$ dang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$se-ton
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shāndōng
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shandong
*** Wade–Giles: Shan$^1$-tung$^1$
*** Yale: Shān-dūng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shandong
*** Palladius: Шаньдун (Šanʹdun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saan$^1$ dung$^1$
*** Yale: sāan dūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saan$^1$ dung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: san$^1$ dung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sân-tûng
*** Hakka Romanization System: san$^ˊ$ dung$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: san$^1$ dung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: san$^1$ dung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /san⁴⁴ tʊŋ⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Suíng-dóng
*** Sinological IPA : /suiŋ⁵⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Săng-dĕ̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ⁵⁵ $^{(t-)}$nøyŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Soaⁿ-tang
*** Tâi-lô: Suann-tang
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'dafng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ taŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: suan$^1$ dang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ tang
*** Sinological IPA : /sũã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$se-ton
*** MiniDict: se$^平$ ton
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$se-ton
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: srean tuwng
Rime :
| Character | 山 | 東 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 所閒切 | 德紅切 |
| Baxter | srean | tuwng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠɛn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚæn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃæn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂəɨn/ | /təwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃɛn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃæn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂăn/ | /tuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shān | dōng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saan$^1$ | dung$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar tˤoŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sreːn toːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 山 | 東 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shān | dōng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ srɛn › | ‹ tuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-ŋrar/ | /*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?) |
| English | mountain, hill | east |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 山 | 東 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11052 | 2435 |
| Phonetic component | 山 | 東 |
| Rime group | 元 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 山 | 東 |
| Old Chinese | /*sreːn/ | /*toːŋ/ |
| Notes | | 種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注 |

### Proper noun

山東
* (～省) Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)
* (historical, specifically) A geographical area to the east of Hangu Pass
* (historical, specifically) A geographical area the to the east of the Taihang Mountains
* (historical, specifically) A geographical area to the east of Mount Hua

#### Synonyms

* (Shandong): 齊魯／齐鲁 (Qílǔ)

#### Derived terms

* 山東半島 / 山东半岛 (Shāndōng Bàndǎo)
* 山東梆子 / 山东梆子
* 山東棒子 / 山东棒子 (Shāndōng bàngzi)
* 山東粉 / 山东粉
* 山東龍 / 山东龙

#### Descendants

* → English: Shandong
* → Manchu: ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ (šandung)

### Noun

山東
* east of the mountain (in general)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 山 | 東 |
| さん Grade: 1 | とう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
From Middle Chinese 山東 (MC srean tuwng).

#### Alternative forms

* 山東(シャンドン) (Shandon)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sã̠nto̞ː]

#### Proper noun

山(さん)東(とう) • (Santō)
* Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 山 | 東 |
| しゃん Grade: 1 | どん Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||
From Mandarin 山東 / 山东 (Shāndōng).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕã̠ndõ̞ɴ]

#### Proper noun

山東(シャンドン) • (Shandon)
* Alternative form of 山東 (Santō): Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 山 | 東 |
| さん Grade: 1 | とう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sã̠nto̞ː]

#### Proper noun

山(さん)東(とう) • (Santō)
* (obsolete) east of the Rockies (a geographical region of the United States)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 山 | 東 |

### Proper noun

山東 • (Sandong) (hangeul 산동)
* hanja form of 산동 : Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 山 | 東 |

### Proper noun

山東
* chữ Hán form of Sơn Đông.: Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)