# -in
## English
### Etymology 1

Clipping of -ine.

#### Suffix

-in
* (biochemistry) Used, as a modification of -ine, to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin), carbohydrates (dextrin), dyes (alizarin) and others (vanillin).
** a neutral chemical compound
    albumin, casein, chitin, pepsin, saponin
** an enzyme
    renin, pancreatin
** an antibiotic
    penicillin, streptomycin
** a pharmaceutical product
    cobalamin, niacin, vitamin

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

From the particle in, modelled after sit-in. Compare -off.

#### Suffix

-in
* Attached to a word (usually a verb) to denote a protest, demonstration or other type of gathering characterized by the activity denoted by the base word.

##### Derived terms

* bed-in
* be-in
* die-in
* gay-in
* kiss-in
* lie-in
* love-in
* marry-in
* nurse-in
* ogle-in
* sing-in
* sit-in
* swim-in
* teach-in
* write-in

#### Further reading

* Harder, K. B. (1968) “Coinages of the Type of “Sit-In.””, in American Speech, volume 43, number 1, →DOI, pages 58–64

### Etymology 3

Clipping of -ing.

#### Alternative forms

* -in’

#### Suffix

-in
* (proscribed, dialect) Alternative form of -ing.

### Etymology 4
#### Suffix

-in
* Alternative form of -en
    ‎elf + ‎-in → ‎elfin

### Anagrams

* N.I., NI, ni

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology 1
#### Suffix

-in
* Reflexive suffix.
    ‎örtmək (“to cover”) + ‎-ün → ‎örtünmək (“to cover oneself”)
    ‎gizləmək (“to hide”) + ‎-n → ‎gizlənmək (“to hide oneself”)
* Suffix creating other types of verbs from other verbs.

##### Usage notes

Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:
    ‎demək (“to say”) + ‎-in → ‎deyinmək (“to say to oneself, to mutter”)

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2
#### Suffix

-in
* Suffix creating nouns from verbs.

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3
#### Suffix

-in
* Form of -il (“[passive suffix]”) after the vowels E / Ə / İ with the consonant L.

##### Derived terms

See -il.

## Betawi
### Etymology

Commonly regarded as a borrowing from Balinese -in. Nothofer argues that it also conflates Proto-Malayic *-ən (ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *-ən) and *-i (ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-i), resulting in a different allomorphy and a more extensive use compared to the Balinese suffix. Compare Bangka -en, Minangkabau -an, and Kendayan -atn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in/

### Suffix

-in (non-active/imperative/basic -in, active N- -in, passive di- -in)
* Used to form benefactive aspect on a verb.
    bikin (“to make”) → bikinin (“to make (for)”)
* Used to intensify a verb.
    denger (“to hear”) → dengerin (“to listen”)
* Used to form causative aspect on a verb.
    gedé (“big”) → gedéin (“to make big; to enlarge; to raise the amount of something”)
* Used to transitivize a verb.
    nandur (“to plant rice (intransitive)”) → nandurin (“to plant with rice (transitive)”)

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: -in

### References

* ↑ Nothofer, Bernd (1995) “The history of Jakarta Malay”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 34, number 1, →DOI, page 91

## Chuukese
### Suffix

-in
* of
    Synonym: -en

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech -in, from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

#### Suffix

-in (adjective-forming suffix)
* suffix deriving possessive adjectives from nouns of feminine gender, usually from proper and common personal nouns, sometimes also from nouns referring to animals
    matčin bratr ― mother's brother

##### Related terms

* -ův
* -í

#### Further reading

* Hana Prouzová, Přivlastňovací přídavná jména na -ův, -in v současné češtině, Naše řeč, volume 47 (1964), issue 3
* Jaroslava Hlavsová, K některým místním (nářečním) rozdílům v tvoření vztahových adjektiv v češtině, Naše řeč, volume 65 (1982)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin -īnus, from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).

#### Suffix

-in m inan (noun-forming suffix)
* (chemistry) -ine (suffix used to form names of chemical substances)
    adenin ― adenine
    olomoucin ― olomoucine

##### Declension
## Danish
### Etymology

Partly from Old French -in, -ine, from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. And from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).

### Suffix

-in
* (chemistry, nouns) Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements.
* (adjectives) Of or pertaining to, characteristics.

### Inflection Adjective

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* -inne (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle Dutch -inne, from Old Dutch *-inna, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn/
* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-in f (plural -innen, diminutive -innetje)
* Forms nouns for the female counterpart of something.
    Synonyms: -e, -egge, -es, -ster

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: -in

## Finnish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-in (instrumental suffix), probably from Proto-Uralic *-ma.

#### Suffix

-in
* Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.
    ‎avata (“to open”) + ‎-in → ‎avain (“key”)
    ‎keittää (“to cook, boil”) + ‎-in → ‎keitin (“appliance for cooking/boiling”)
    ‎puhella (“to chat, chatter”) + ‎-in → ‎puhelin (“telephone”)
    ‎elää (“to live”) + ‎-in → ‎eläin (“animal”)
* Forms some diminutive nouns.
* Used to form the combining form of some verbs.
    ‎asua (“to live (somewhere), reside”) + ‎-in → ‎asuin-
    ‎elää (“to live, be alive”) + ‎-in → ‎elin-
    ‎leipoa (“to bake”) + ‎-in → ‎leivin-

##### Declension

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imeni
-imeni
accusative
nom.
-imeni
-imeni
gen.
-imeni
genitive
-imeni
-imieni -inteni
partitive
-intani
-imiani
inessive
-imessani
-imissani
elative
-imestani
-imistani
illative
-imeeni
-imiini
adessive
-imellani
-imillani
ablative
-imeltani
-imiltani
allative
-imelleni
-imilleni
essive
-imenani
-iminani
translative
-imekseni
-imikseni
abessive
-imettani
-imittani
instructive
comitative
—-imineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imesi
-imesi
accusative
nom.
-imesi
-imesi
gen.
-imesi
genitive
-imesi
-imiesi -intesi
partitive
-intasi
-imiasi
inessive
-imessasi
-imissasi
elative
-imestasi
-imistasi
illative
-imeesi
-imiisi
adessive
-imellasi
-imillasi
ablative
-imeltasi
-imiltasi
allative
-imellesi
-imillesi
essive
-imenasi
-iminasi
translative
-imeksesi
-imiksesi
abessive
-imettasi
-imittasi
instructive
comitative
—-iminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imemme
-imemme
accusative
nom.
-imemme
-imemme
gen.
-imemme
genitive
-imemme
-imiemme -intemme
partitive
-intamme
-imiamme
inessive
-imessamme
-imissamme
elative
-imestamme
-imistamme
illative
-imeemme
-imiimme
adessive
-imellamme
-imillamme
ablative
-imeltamme
-imiltamme
allative
-imellemme
-imillemme
essive
-imenamme
-iminamme
translative
-imeksemme
-imiksemme
abessive
-imettamme
-imittamme
instructive
comitative
—-iminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imenne
-imenne
accusative
nom.
-imenne
-imenne
gen.
-imenne
genitive
-imenne
-imienne -intenne
partitive
-intanne
-imianne
inessive
-imessanne
-imissanne
elative
-imestanne
-imistanne
illative
-imeenne
-imiinne
adessive
-imellanne
-imillanne
ablative
-imeltanne
-imiltanne
allative
-imellenne
-imillenne
essive
-imenanne
-iminanne
translative
-imeksenne
-imiksenne
abessive
-imettanne
-imittanne
instructive
comitative
—-iminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imensa
-imensa
accusative
nom.
-imensa
-imensa
gen.
-imensa
genitive
-imensa
-imiensa -intensa
partitive
-intaan -intansa
-imiaan -imiansa
inessive
-imessaan -imessansa
-imissaan -imissansa
elative
-imestaan -imestansa
-imistaan -imistansa
illative
-imeensa
-imiinsa
adessive
-imellaan -imellansa
-imillaan -imillansa
ablative
-imeltaan -imeltansa
-imiltaan -imiltansa
allative
-imelleen -imellensa
-imilleen -imillensa
essive
-imenaan -imenansa
-iminaan -iminansa
translative
-imekseen -imeksensa
-imikseen -imiksensa
abessive
-imettaan -imettansa
-imittaan -imittansa
instructive
comitative
—-imineen -iminensa :
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imeni
-imeni
accusative
nom.
-imeni
-imeni
gen.
-imeni
genitive
-imeni
-imieni -inteni
partitive
-intäni
-imiäni
inessive
-imessäni
-imissäni
elative
-imestäni
-imistäni
illative
-imeeni
-imiini
adessive
-imelläni
-imilläni
ablative
-imeltäni
-imiltäni
allative
-imelleni
-imilleni
essive
-imenäni
-iminäni
translative
-imekseni
-imikseni
abessive
-imettäni
-imittäni
instructive
comitative
—-imineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imesi
-imesi
accusative
nom.
-imesi
-imesi
gen.
-imesi
genitive
-imesi
-imiesi -intesi
partitive
-intäsi
-imiäsi
inessive
-imessäsi
-imissäsi
elative
-imestäsi
-imistäsi
illative
-imeesi
-imiisi
adessive
-imelläsi
-imilläsi
ablative
-imeltäsi
-imiltäsi
allative
-imellesi
-imillesi
essive
-imenäsi
-iminäsi
translative
-imeksesi
-imiksesi
abessive
-imettäsi
-imittäsi
instructive
comitative
—-iminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imemme
-imemme
accusative
nom.
-imemme
-imemme
gen.
-imemme
genitive
-imemme
-imiemme -intemme
partitive
-intämme
-imiämme
inessive
-imessämme
-imissämme
elative
-imestämme
-imistämme
illative
-imeemme
-imiimme
adessive
-imellämme
-imillämme
ablative
-imeltämme
-imiltämme
allative
-imellemme
-imillemme
essive
-imenämme
-iminämme
translative
-imeksemme
-imiksemme
abessive
-imettämme
-imittämme
instructive
comitative
—-iminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imenne
-imenne
accusative
nom.
-imenne
-imenne
gen.
-imenne
genitive
-imenne
-imienne -intenne
partitive
-intänne
-imiänne
inessive
-imessänne
-imissänne
elative
-imestänne
-imistänne
illative
-imeenne
-imiinne
adessive
-imellänne
-imillänne
ablative
-imeltänne
-imiltänne
allative
-imellenne
-imillenne
essive
-imenänne
-iminänne
translative
-imeksenne
-imiksenne
abessive
-imettänne
-imittänne
instructive
comitative
—-iminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imensä
-imensä
accusative
nom.
-imensä
-imensä
gen.
-imensä
genitive
-imensä
-imiensä -intensä
partitive
-intään -intänsä
-imiään -imiänsä
inessive
-imessään -imessänsä
-imissään -imissänsä
elative
-imestään -imestänsä
-imistään -imistänsä
illative
-imeensä
-imiinsä
adessive
-imellään -imellänsä
-imillään -imillänsä
ablative
-imeltään -imeltänsä
-imiltään -imiltänsä
allative
-imelleen -imellensä
-imilleen -imillensä
essive
-imenään -imenänsä
-iminään -iminänsä
translative
-imekseen -imeksensä
-imikseen -imiksensä
abessive
-imettään -imettänsä
-imittään -imittänsä
instructive
comitative
—-imineen -iminensä :
Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved.

##### Derived terms
#### See also

* -ja
* -ri
* -tär
* -uri

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-in (superlative suffix) (related to Karelian -in), probably from Proto-Uralic *-ma. The oblique stem -impA, -immA is influenced by the oblique stem -mpA, -mmA of comparatives.

#### Suffix

-in
* Forms superlative adjectives.
    ‎heikko (“weak”) + ‎-in → ‎heikoin (“weakest”)
    ‎matala (“low, shallow”) + ‎-in → ‎matalin (“lowest, shallowest”)
    ‎ruma (“ugly”) + ‎-in → ‎rumin (“ugliest”)
    ‎suuri (“large, big”) + ‎-in → ‎suurin (“largest, biggest”)

##### Declension

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin, mp-mm gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impani
-impani
accusative
nom.
-impani
-impani
gen.
-impani
genitive
-impani
-impieni -inteni -impaini $^{rare}$
partitive
-intani
-impiani
inessive
-immassani
-immissani
elative
-immastani
-immistani
illative
-impaani
-impiini
adessive
-immallani
-immillani
ablative
-immaltani
-immiltani
allative
-immalleni
-immilleni
essive
-impanani
-impinani
translative
-immakseni
-immikseni
abessive
-immattani
-immittani
instructive
comitative
—-impineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impasi
-impasi
accusative
nom.
-impasi
-impasi
gen.
-impasi
genitive
-impasi
-impiesi -intesi -impaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
-intasi
-impiasi
inessive
-immassasi
-immissasi
elative
-immastasi
-immistasi
illative
-impaasi
-impiisi
adessive
-immallasi
-immillasi
ablative
-immaltasi
-immiltasi
allative
-immallesi
-immillesi
essive
-impanasi
-impinasi
translative
-immaksesi
-immiksesi
abessive
-immattasi
-immittasi
instructive
comitative
—-impinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impamme
-impamme
accusative
nom.
-impamme
-impamme
gen.
-impamme
genitive
-impamme
-impiemme -intemme -impaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
-intamme
-impiamme
inessive
-immassamme
-immissamme
elative
-immastamme
-immistamme
illative
-impaamme
-impiimme
adessive
-immallamme
-immillamme
ablative
-immaltamme
-immiltamme
allative
-immallemme
-immillemme
essive
-impanamme
-impinamme
translative
-immaksemme
-immiksemme
abessive
-immattamme
-immittamme
instructive
comitative
—-impinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impanne
-impanne
accusative
nom.
-impanne
-impanne
gen.
-impanne
genitive
-impanne
-impienne -intenne -impainne $^{rare}$
partitive
-intanne
-impianne
inessive
-immassanne
-immissanne
elative
-immastanne
-immistanne
illative
-impaanne
-impiinne
adessive
-immallanne
-immillanne
ablative
-immaltanne
-immiltanne
allative
-immallenne
-immillenne
essive
-impananne
-impinanne
translative
-immaksenne
-immiksenne
abessive
-immattanne
-immittanne
instructive
comitative
—-impinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impansa
-impansa
accusative
nom.
-impansa
-impansa
gen.
-impansa
genitive
-impansa
-impiensa -intensa -impainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
-intaan -intansa
-impiaan -impiansa
inessive
-immassaan -immassansa
-immissaan -immissansa
elative
-immastaan -immastansa
-immistaan -immistansa
illative
-impaansa
-impiinsa
adessive
-immallaan -immallansa
-immillaan -immillansa
ablative
-immaltaan -immaltansa
-immiltaan -immiltansa
allative
-immalleen -immallensa
-immilleen -immillensa
essive
-impanaan -impanansa
-impinaan -impinansa
translative
-immakseen -immaksensa
-immikseen -immiksensa
abessive
-immattaan -immattansa
-immittaan -immittansa
instructive
comitative
—-impineen -impinensa :
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin, mp-mm gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impäni
-impäni
accusative
nom.
-impäni
-impäni
gen.
-impäni
genitive
-impäni
-impieni -inteni -impäini $^{rare}$
partitive
-intäni
-impiäni
inessive
-immässäni
-immissäni
elative
-immästäni
-immistäni
illative
-impääni
-impiini
adessive
-immälläni
-immilläni
ablative
-immältäni
-immiltäni
allative
-immälleni
-immilleni
essive
-impänäni
-impinäni
translative
-immäkseni
-immikseni
abessive
-immättäni
-immittäni
instructive
comitative
—-impineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impäsi
-impäsi
accusative
nom.
-impäsi
-impäsi
gen.
-impäsi
genitive
-impäsi
-impiesi -intesi -impäisi $^{rare}$
partitive
-intäsi
-impiäsi
inessive
-immässäsi
-immissäsi
elative
-immästäsi
-immistäsi
illative
-impääsi
-impiisi
adessive
-immälläsi
-immilläsi
ablative
-immältäsi
-immiltäsi
allative
-immällesi
-immillesi
essive
-impänäsi
-impinäsi
translative
-immäksesi
-immiksesi
abessive
-immättäsi
-immittäsi
instructive
comitative
—-impinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impämme
-impämme
accusative
nom.
-impämme
-impämme
gen.
-impämme
genitive
-impämme
-impiemme -intemme -impäimme $^{rare}$
partitive
-intämme
-impiämme
inessive
-immässämme
-immissämme
elative
-immästämme
-immistämme
illative
-impäämme
-impiimme
adessive
-immällämme
-immillämme
ablative
-immältämme
-immiltämme
allative
-immällemme
-immillemme
essive
-impänämme
-impinämme
translative
-immäksemme
-immiksemme
abessive
-immättämme
-immittämme
instructive
comitative
—-impinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impänne
-impänne
accusative
nom.
-impänne
-impänne
gen.
-impänne
genitive
-impänne
-impienne -intenne -impäinne $^{rare}$
partitive
-intänne
-impiänne
inessive
-immässänne
-immissänne
elative
-immästänne
-immistänne
illative
-impäänne
-impiinne
adessive
-immällänne
-immillänne
ablative
-immältänne
-immiltänne
allative
-immällenne
-immillenne
essive
-impänänne
-impinänne
translative
-immäksenne
-immiksenne
abessive
-immättänne
-immittänne
instructive
comitative
—-impinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impänsä
-impänsä
accusative
nom.
-impänsä
-impänsä
gen.
-impänsä
genitive
-impänsä
-impiensä -intensä -impäinsä $^{rare}$
partitive
-intään -intänsä
-impiään -impiänsä
inessive
-immässään -immässänsä
-immissään -immissänsä
elative
-immästään -immästänsä
-immistään -immistänsä
illative
-impäänsä
-impiinsä
adessive
-immällään -immällänsä
-immillään -immillänsä
ablative
-immältään -immältänsä
-immiltään -immiltänsä
allative
-immälleen -immällensä
-immilleen -immillensä
essive
-impänään -impänänsä
-impinään -impinänsä
translative
-immäkseen -immäksensä
-immikseen -immiksensä
abessive
-immättään -immättänsä
-immittään -immittänsä
instructive
comitative
—-impineen -impinensä :

##### See also

* -mpi

### Etymology 3

See -n.

#### Suffix

-in
* Instructive plural suffix.
    kaksin käsin ― with two hands
    paljain silmin ― with bare eyes
    pitkin askelin ― with long steps
    hyvissä ajoin ― in good time

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 4

Probably by metathesis.

#### Suffix

-in (poetic)
* A variant for the first-person singular possessive suffix -ni.
    rakkain (for rakkaani)
    syödäksein (for syödäkseni)

##### Usage notes

The use of this suffix is restricted to cases where it is not preceded by a labial vowel (o, u, y, ö), the vowel i, a long vowel (it is shortened if necessary) or a diphthong (since it itself forms a diphthong). It is not used if the resulting word would be monosyllabic.

### Etymology 5

From Proto-Finnic *-in (adjectival suffix), a variant of the diminutive suffix Proto-Finnic *-ma.

#### Suffix

-in
* (non-productive) Forms some adjectives.

##### Declension

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imeni
-imeni
accusative
nom.
-imeni
-imeni
gen.
-imeni
genitive
-imeni
-imieni -inteni
partitive
-intani
-imiani
inessive
-imessani
-imissani
elative
-imestani
-imistani
illative
-imeeni
-imiini
adessive
-imellani
-imillani
ablative
-imeltani
-imiltani
allative
-imelleni
-imilleni
essive
-imenani
-iminani
translative
-imekseni
-imikseni
abessive
-imettani
-imittani
instructive
comitative
—-imineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imesi
-imesi
accusative
nom.
-imesi
-imesi
gen.
-imesi
genitive
-imesi
-imiesi -intesi
partitive
-intasi
-imiasi
inessive
-imessasi
-imissasi
elative
-imestasi
-imistasi
illative
-imeesi
-imiisi
adessive
-imellasi
-imillasi
ablative
-imeltasi
-imiltasi
allative
-imellesi
-imillesi
essive
-imenasi
-iminasi
translative
-imeksesi
-imiksesi
abessive
-imettasi
-imittasi
instructive
comitative
—-iminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imemme
-imemme
accusative
nom.
-imemme
-imemme
gen.
-imemme
genitive
-imemme
-imiemme -intemme
partitive
-intamme
-imiamme
inessive
-imessamme
-imissamme
elative
-imestamme
-imistamme
illative
-imeemme
-imiimme
adessive
-imellamme
-imillamme
ablative
-imeltamme
-imiltamme
allative
-imellemme
-imillemme
essive
-imenamme
-iminamme
translative
-imeksemme
-imiksemme
abessive
-imettamme
-imittamme
instructive
comitative
—-iminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imenne
-imenne
accusative
nom.
-imenne
-imenne
gen.
-imenne
genitive
-imenne
-imienne -intenne
partitive
-intanne
-imianne
inessive
-imessanne
-imissanne
elative
-imestanne
-imistanne
illative
-imeenne
-imiinne
adessive
-imellanne
-imillanne
ablative
-imeltanne
-imiltanne
allative
-imellenne
-imillenne
essive
-imenanne
-iminanne
translative
-imeksenne
-imiksenne
abessive
-imettanne
-imittanne
instructive
comitative
—-iminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imensa
-imensa
accusative
nom.
-imensa
-imensa
gen.
-imensa
genitive
-imensa
-imiensa -intensa
partitive
-intaan -intansa
-imiaan -imiansa
inessive
-imessaan -imessansa
-imissaan -imissansa
elative
-imestaan -imestansa
-imistaan -imistansa
illative
-imeensa
-imiinsa
adessive
-imellaan -imellansa
-imillaan -imillansa
ablative
-imeltaan -imeltansa
-imiltaan -imiltansa
allative
-imelleen -imellensa
-imilleen -imillensa
essive
-imenaan -imenansa
-iminaan -iminansa
translative
-imekseen -imeksensa
-imikseen -imiksensa
abessive
-imettaan -imettansa
-imittaan -imittansa
instructive
comitative
—-imineen -iminensa :
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
Possessive forms of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imeni
-imeni
accusative
nom.
-imeni
-imeni
gen.
-imeni
genitive
-imeni
-imieni -inteni
partitive
-intäni
-imiäni
inessive
-imessäni
-imissäni
elative
-imestäni
-imistäni
illative
-imeeni
-imiini
adessive
-imelläni
-imilläni
ablative
-imeltäni
-imiltäni
allative
-imelleni
-imilleni
essive
-imenäni
-iminäni
translative
-imekseni
-imikseni
abessive
-imettäni
-imittäni
instructive
comitative
—-imineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imesi
-imesi
accusative
nom.
-imesi
-imesi
gen.
-imesi
genitive
-imesi
-imiesi -intesi
partitive
-intäsi
-imiäsi
inessive
-imessäsi
-imissäsi
elative
-imestäsi
-imistäsi
illative
-imeesi
-imiisi
adessive
-imelläsi
-imilläsi
ablative
-imeltäsi
-imiltäsi
allative
-imellesi
-imillesi
essive
-imenäsi
-iminäsi
translative
-imeksesi
-imiksesi
abessive
-imettäsi
-imittäsi
instructive
comitative
—-iminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imemme
-imemme
accusative
nom.
-imemme
-imemme
gen.
-imemme
genitive
-imemme
-imiemme -intemme
partitive
-intämme
-imiämme
inessive
-imessämme
-imissämme
elative
-imestämme
-imistämme
illative
-imeemme
-imiimme
adessive
-imellämme
-imillämme
ablative
-imeltämme
-imiltämme
allative
-imellemme
-imillemme
essive
-imenämme
-iminämme
translative
-imeksemme
-imiksemme
abessive
-imettämme
-imittämme
instructive
comitative
—-iminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imenne
-imenne
accusative
nom.
-imenne
-imenne
gen.
-imenne
genitive
-imenne
-imienne -intenne
partitive
-intänne
-imiänne
inessive
-imessänne
-imissänne
elative
-imestänne
-imistänne
illative
-imeenne
-imiinne
adessive
-imellänne
-imillänne
ablative
-imeltänne
-imiltänne
allative
-imellenne
-imillenne
essive
-imenänne
-iminänne
translative
-imeksenne
-imiksenne
abessive
-imettänne
-imittänne
instructive
comitative
—-iminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imensä
-imensä
accusative
nom.
-imensä
-imensä
gen.
-imensä
genitive
-imensä
-imiensä -intensä
partitive
-intään -intänsä
-imiään -imiänsä
inessive
-imessään -imessänsä
-imissään -imissänsä
elative
-imestään -imestänsä
-imistään -imistänsä
illative
-imeensä
-imiinsä
adessive
-imellään -imellänsä
-imillään -imillänsä
ablative
-imeltään -imeltänsä
-imiltään -imiltänsä
allative
-imelleen -imellensä
-imilleen -imillensä
essive
-imenään -imenänsä
-iminään -iminänsä
translative
-imekseen -imeksensä
-imikseen -imiksensä
abessive
-imettään -imettänsä
-imittään -imittänsä
instructive
comitative
—-imineen -iminensä :

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 6

From Proto-Finnic *-den (genitive plural suffix for some nouns), from the nominative plural ending *-t + genitive ending *-n (with an epenthetic *-e-).

#### Suffix

-in (rare)
* Forms the genitive plural.

##### Usage notes

* Suffixed to the nominative singular but the final -i changes to -e-.
* Note, however, that the more common suffix for the genitive plural is -en added to the plural stem ending with i or j. A link consonant d is also sometimes present.
* Nowadays this suffix is rare and usually gives an archaic tone. Certain proper nouns, however, retain this, e.g. Yhdysvaltain, from Yhdysvallat ("United States", singular stem Yhdysvalta-), where also the more modern form Yhdysvaltojen is possible.

##### See also

* -den
* -en
* -n
* -ten
* -tten

### Etymology 7

See -Vn (illative suffix).

#### Suffix

-in
* Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.

### Anagrams

* -ni

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̃/

### Suffix

-in (feminine -ine, masculine plural -ins, feminine plural -ines)
* forms adjectives indicating a quality; -ish, -ic
    ‎enfant (“child”) + ‎-in → ‎enfantin (“childish”)

### Suffix

-in m (plural -ins, feminine -ine)
* forms nouns with a diminutive or pejorative quality
    ‎plaisant (“pleasant”) + ‎-in → ‎plaisantin (“joker, wiseass”)
    ‎ours (“bear”) + ‎-in → ‎oursin (“urchin”)
    ‎crotte (“animal dropping”) + ‎-in → ‎crottin (“manure”)

#### Derived terms
## Fula
### Affix

-in
* (Pulaar) makes verbs causative
    ‎jangude (“study, learn”) + ‎-in → ‎janginde (“teach”)
    ‎famude (“to unserstand”) + ‎-in → ‎faminde (“to explain something to someone”)

## German
### Etymology 1

From Middle High German -inne, -in, from Old High German -inna, -in, from Proto-West Germanic *-ini, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.

#### Alternative forms

* -inn, -inne (both obsolete)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn/, [ɪn]
* Audio:(file)
* For speakers who realise -en as [ən], the distinction between both may at times be weak. However, most speakers have a syllabic nasal in -en and hence keep a very clear distinction.

#### Suffix

-in f (genitive -in, plural -innen)
* creates the female form for many nouns for living beings; umlaut usually occurs in monosyllables, but rarely in polysyllables
    ‎Arbeitgeber (“employer”) + ‎-in → ‎Arbeitgeberin (“employer (female person or sexless company)”)
    ‎Autor (“author”) + ‎-in → ‎Autorin (“author (female person, i.e. a female author or authoress, or sexless company, abstract thing)”)
    ‎Gott (“god”) + ‎-in → ‎Göttin (“female god, goddess”)
    ‎Hund (“dog”) + ‎-in → ‎Hündin (“female dog, she-dog, bitch”)
    ‎Katze f (“cat”) + ‎-in → ‎Kätzin (“female cat, she-cat”)
    ‎Sänger (“singer”) + ‎-in → ‎Sängerin (“female singer”)
    ‎Pastor (“pastor”) + ‎-in → ‎Pastorin (“female pastor”)
** (dated) names the wife of a person
    ‎Pastor (“pastor”) + ‎-in → ‎Pastorin (“wife of a pastor”)
** (dated) creates female personal names (for wives and daughters)
    Schwarz (proper noun) → Schwarzin (a female person with the name Schwarz, that is the wife or daughter of someone named Schwarz)
*** 1743, Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste, Welche bishero durch menschlichen Verstand und Witz erfunden und verbessert worden […] Fünf und Dreyßigster Band Schle-Schwa, Leipzig & Hallle, page 2007:Schwartzin, (Sibylle) […] war eine Tochter Christian Schwartzens, […] gebohren 1621 […] und starb 1638 den 13 Jul.Schwartz (Sibylle [given name]) […] was a daughter of Christian Schwartz, […] born in 1621 […] and died on 13th July 1638.

##### Descendants

* → Esperanto: -ino

### Etymology 2

From Latin -īnus, from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ˈiːn/
* Audio:(file)

#### Suffix

-in n (genitive -ins, plural -ine)
* (chemistry) -yne; -ine

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3

From Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-ˈiːn/
* Audio:(file)

#### Suffix

-in n (genitive -ins)
* A suffix found in place names of Slavic origin, especially in northeastern Germany

##### Derived terms
## Ido
### Suffix

-in
* See -in-.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Betawi -in, from Balinese -in.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn/
* Hyphenation: in

### Suffix

-in (non-active/imperative/basic -in, active nge- -in, passive di- -in) (colloquial, dialectal, originally Jakarta)
* Used to form benefactive aspect on a verb.
    beli (“to buy”) → beliin (“to buy (for)”)
    bikin (“to make”) → bikinin (“to make (for)”)
* Used to intensify a verb.
    liat (“to see”) → liatin (“to look”)
    denger (“to hear”) → dengerin (“to listen”)
* Used to form causative aspect on a verb.
    besar (“big”) → besarin (“to make big; to enlarge; to raise”)
    panjang (“long”) → panjangin (“to make long; to extend”)
* Used to transitivize a verb
    naik (“to go up”) (intransitive) → naikin (“to go up”) (transitive)
    ketawa (“to laugh”) → ketawain (“to laugh at”)

#### Usage notes

* Can also be attached to adjectives.

## Ingrian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-inën. Cognates include Finnish -inen, -nen and Estonian -ne.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /-jne/, [-jne̞]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /-in/, [-in]

#### Suffix

-in
* Forms adjectives indicating the material of which something is made; -en
    ‎puu (“wood”) + ‎-in → ‎puin (“wooden”)
* Forms diminutive nouns; -ie
    ‎lintu (“bird”) + ‎-in → ‎lintuin (“birdie”)

##### Declension

| (back-vocalic) Declension of -in (type 1/kärpäin, no gradation) singular plural nominative -in -iset genitive -isen -isiin partitive -ista, -ist -isia illative -isee -isii inessive -isees -isiis elative -isest -isist allative -iselle -isille adessive -iseel -isiil ablative -iselt -isilt translative -iseks -isiks essive -isenna, -iseen -isinna, -isiin exessive$^{1)}$ -isent -isint $^{1)}$ obsolete $^{*)}$ the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) $^{**)}$ the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka$^?$ or -kä$^?$ to the genitive. | (front-vocalic) Declension of -in (type 1/kärpäin, no gradation) singular plural nominative -in -iset genitive -isen -isiin partitive -istä, -ist -isiä illative -isee -isii inessive -isees -isiis elative -isest -isist allative -iselle -isille adessive -iseel -isiil ablative -iselt -isilt translative -iseks -isiks essive -isennä, -iseen -isinnä, -isiin exessive$^{1)}$ -isent -isint $^{1)}$ obsolete $^{*)}$ the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) $^{**)}$ the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka$^?$ or -kä$^?$ to the genitive. |

##### Related terms

* -hiin

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-in. Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /-in/, [-in]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /-in/, [-in]

#### Suffix

-in
* Forms instrumental nouns from verbs.
    ‎avata (“to open”) + ‎-in → ‎avvain (“key”)

##### Declension

| (back-vocalic) Declension of -in (type 15/syän, no gradation) singular plural nominative -in -imet genitive -imen -imiin partitive -inta, -int -imia illative -imee -imii inessive -imees -imiis elative -imest -imist allative -imelle -imille adessive -imeel -imiil ablative -imelt -imilt translative -imeks -imiks essive -imenna, -imeen -iminna, -imiin exessive$^{1)}$ -iment -imint $^{1)}$ obsolete $^{*)}$ the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) $^{**)}$ the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka$^?$ or -kä$^?$ to the genitive. | (front-vocalic) Declension of -in (type 15/syän, no gradation) singular plural nominative -in -imet genitive -imen -imiin partitive -intä, -int -imiä illative -imee -imii inessive -imees -imiis elative -imest -imist allative -imelle -imille adessive -imeel -imiil ablative -imelt -imilt translative -imeks -imiks essive -imennä, -imeen -iminnä, -imiin exessive$^{1)}$ -iment -imint $^{1)}$ obsolete $^{*)}$ the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) $^{**)}$ the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka$^?$ or -kä$^?$ to the genitive. |

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /-in/, [-in]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /-in/, [-in]

#### Suffix

-in
* inflection of -ia:
** first-person singular present indicative
** first-person singular past indicative

## Irish
### Suffix

-in f
* (biochemistry) -in

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
nominative
-in
vocative
a -in
genitive
-ine
dative
-in
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative
an -in
genitive
na -ine
dative
leis an -in don -in :

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “-in”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Japanese
### Romanization

-in
* Rōmaji transcription of いん

## Livvi
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-in. Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-in/

### Suffix

-in
* Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.
    ‎avata (“to open”) + ‎-in → ‎avain (“key”)

#### Declension

This suffix needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms
## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German -inne, -in, -īn. Compare German -in.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in/

### Suffix

-in
* used to form the female versions of agent nouns

#### Derived terms
## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic ـِينَ (-īna), oblique case form of ـُونَ (-ūna), masculine personal plural suffix.

### Suffix

-in
* a common plural suffix
** used in most nouns and adjectives derived with the native suffix -i
    ‎baħri (“sailor”) + ‎-in → ‎baħrin (“sailors”)
    ‎Malti (“Maltese”) + ‎-in → ‎Maltin
** used in participles and some other native adjectives
    ‎maqtugħ (“cut, cut-off”) + ‎-in → ‎maqtugħin
    ‎ħelu (“sweet”) + ‎-in → ‎ħelwin

#### See also

* -ejn
* -i
* -ijiet
* -iet

## Marshallese
### Alternative forms

* in

### Pronunciation

* (phonetic) IPA: [ʲ‿inʲ, ˠ‿inʲ, ˠ‿ɯnʲ, ʷ‿inʲ, ʷ‿unʲ]
* (phonemic) IPA: /-inʲ/
* Bender phonemes: {-in}

### Suffix

-in
* of
* from
* for

#### Usage notes

This suffix is combined with nouns to create construct forms.

### References

* Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

### Suffix

-in
* -en; creates adjectives for the material of which something is made.

#### Alternative forms

* -ijn
* -en

#### Descendants

* Dutch: -en

## Northern Sami
### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈ-in/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Samic *-jnē, originally the essive case of a possessive adjective in *-j-.

#### Suffix

-in
* The ending of the comitative singular case.

##### Usage notes

* This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Samic *-jnē, originally the plural essive form.

#### Suffix

-in
* The ending of the locative plural case.

##### Usage notes

* This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

## Ojibwe
### Final

-in
* act on by hand (often with a sense of holding an object)

#### Derived terms

* aabaabiigin
* aabaabiiginan
* dagon
* dakon
* dakonan
* giziibiigin
* giziibiiginan
* zinigonan
* ziikoobiiginan

### Suffix

-in
* A suffix denoting the first-person singular to second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta)

#### See also

* -n
* -on
* -oon

### Suffix

-in
* A local inverse them sign denoting that the second-person prefix gi- is the theme (object) of a transitive animate verb (vta) while the first-person agent (subject) is denoted by the verbal suffixes.

### References

* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/in-final
* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/in-final-654923

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈin/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈin/

### Suffix

-in (adjective-forming suffix)
* suffix deriving possessive adjectives from nouns of feminine gender, usually from proper and common personal nouns, sometimes also from nouns referring to animals

#### Related terms

* -óv
* -í

#### Descendants

* Czech: -in

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

### Suffix

-īn
* used to create adjectives from nouns
    ‎stein (“stone”) + ‎-īn → ‎steinīn (“made of stone”)
    ‎gold (“gold”) + ‎-īn → ‎guldīn (“golden”)

#### Descendants

* German: -en

## Old Norse
### Suffix

-in
* inflection of -inn (adjective suffix):
** positive degree strong feminine nominative singular
** positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural
* inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
** strong feminine nominative singular
** strong neuter nominative/accusative plural
* inflection of -inn (definite article suffix):
** feminine nominative singular
** neuter nominative/accusative plural

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /i(ː)n/
* IPA: (15th CE) /in/

### Suffix

-in
* forms adjectives

#### Descendants

* Polish: -iny, -in

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* -𑀇𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* -इन् (Devanagari script)
* -ইন্ (Bengali script)
* -ඉන් (Sinhalese script)
* -ဣန် or -ဢိၼ် (Burmese script)
* -อินฺ or -อิน (Thai script)
* -ᩍᨶ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
* -ອິນ຺ or -ອິນ (Lao script)
* -ឥន៑ (Khmer script)
* -𑄃𑄨𑄚𑄴 (Chakma script)

### Suffix

-in
* Adjective in -ī/-inī/-i, meaning possessing what is denoted by the base.

#### Usage notes

Independent vowels and vowel bearers are shown in the list of alternative forms to accord with basic grammar rules. These are converted to dependent vowels when the suffix is used.

#### Derived terms

Words using this suffix are listed in their own category. Note that normally only the Latin script forms are listed, as etymology sections are normally restricted to the Latin script form.

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* -yn

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /in/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -in
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

### Etymology 1

Derived from Latin -īnus.

#### Suffix

-in m inan
* (chemistry) -ite
    ‎arsen + ‎-in → ‎arsenin

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish -in.

#### Suffix

-in
* Alternative form of -iny

### Further reading

* -in in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈĩ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈĩ/

### Suffix

-in
* Pronunciation spelling of -inho.

#### Related terms

* -im, -in'

## Scots
### Alternative forms

* -in', -ing

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn/, /ɪŋ/

### Etymology 1

From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu.

#### Suffix

-in
* Used to form present participles of verbs.
* Used to form nouns from verbs.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing.

#### Suffix

-in
* Forms diminutives or to form collectives.

### References

* “-in, suff.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Spanish
### Suffix

-in m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)
* Alternative form of -ing

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* -hin
* -nin
* -rin

### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *-ən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ən, from Proto-Austronesian *-ən.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /in/ [ɪn̪], (colloquial) /en/ [ɛn̪]
* Rhymes: -in
* Syllabification: -in

### Suffix

-in (verb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)
* object trigger: to perform the action of the verb to someone or something
    Lulutuin ko ang isda. ― I will cook the fish (literally, “The fish will be cooked by me.”) (The fish is focused.)
* directional trigger: to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of
    Dinalaw namin ang lola ni Olivia. ― We visited the grandmother of Olivia. (literally, “Olivia's grandmother was visited by us.”) (The grandmother is focused.)
* actor trigger: to be affected or overtaken by a condition, feeling or phenomenon
    Binabaha ang bahay niya. ― His house gets flooded. (His house is focused.)
* object trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there
    Iniisip ko minsan ang nakaraan ko. ― I sometimes think about my past. (literally, “My past is sometimes thought about by me.”) (My past is focused.)

### Suffix

-in (adjective-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)
* prone to, susceptible to
    ‎lagnat (“fever”) + ‎-in → ‎lagnatin (“prone to fever”)
    ‎sakit (“illness”) + ‎-in → ‎sakitin (“prone to illness”)

### Suffix

-in (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)
* an object of the action expressed by the root
    ‎awit (“singing, song”) + ‎-in → ‎awitin (“song”)
    ‎aral (“lesson, studying”) + ‎-in → ‎aralin (“studies”)
* (Quezon) nature and origin suffix
    ‎Quezon (“province”) + ‎-in → ‎Quezonin (“a native of Quezon”)
    ‎Sampaloc (“municipality”) + ‎-in → ‎Sampalukin (“a native of Sampaloc, Quezon”)
    ‎bayan (“town center or poblacion”) + ‎-in → ‎bayanin (“a local from the town center”)
    ‎linang (“farm or remote area”) + ‎-in → ‎linangin (“a local from the farm”)

#### Usage notes

* Normally, /h/ is inserted before -in when the root word ends with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.
    ‎sabi + ‎-hin → ‎sabihin
    ‎talo + ‎-nin → ‎talunin
* Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.
    ‎sunod + ‎-in → ‎sundin
    ‎kamit + ‎-in → ‎kamtin
* Due to allophony, /d/ turns into /r/ when inserted before -in.
    ‎hangad + ‎-in → ‎hangarin
    ‎baligtad + ‎-in → ‎baligtarin
    ‎bayad + ‎-in → ‎bayarin

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* ni

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *-niŋ.

#### Suffix

-in
* Genitive case suffix for the nouns which end in a consonant
    ‎öğretmen (“teacher”) + ‎-in → ‎öğretmenin (“teacher's/of the teacher”)

##### Usage notes

* It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün, -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word.
    ‎yüz + ‎-ün → ‎yüzün (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")
    ‎saç + ‎-ın → ‎saçın (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")
    ‎yol + ‎-un → ‎yolun (the last vowel is "o" or "u")
* If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ" (see below).
    ‎sebep + ‎-in → ‎sebebin
    ‎köpek + ‎-in → ‎köpeğin
    ‎çekiç + ‎-in → ‎çekicin
    ‎senet + ‎-in → ‎senedin
* It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.
    ‎beyin + ‎-in → ‎beynin
* If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "n".
    ‎peri + ‎-nin → ‎perinin
* It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun. It cannot cause consonant voicing (point 3).
    ‎Canberk + ‎-in → ‎Canberk'in

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *-iŋ.

#### Suffix

-in
* Second-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.
    ‎ev (“house”) + ‎-in → ‎evin (“your house”)
    ‎ofis (“office”) + ‎-in → ‎ofisin (“your office”)

##### Usage notes

* If the noun ends in a vowel, it becomes -n
    ‎kedi + ‎-n → ‎kedin
* It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün, -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word.
    ‎yüz + ‎-ün → ‎yüzün (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")
    ‎saç + ‎-ın → ‎saçın (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")
    ‎yol + ‎-un → ‎yolun (the last vowel is "o" or "u")
* If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ".
    ‎sebep + ‎-in → ‎sebebin
    ‎köpek + ‎-in → ‎köpeğin
    ‎çekiç + ‎-in → ‎çekicin
    ‎senet + ‎-in → ‎senedin
* It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.
    ‎beyin + ‎-in → ‎beynin
* It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.
    ‎Canberk + ‎-in → ‎Canberk'in

### Etymology 3
#### Suffix

-in
* Reflexive suffix
    ‎giy- (“to wear”) + ‎-in → ‎giyin- (“to dress oneself”)

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *-in, from Proto-Celtic *-īnos, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn/
* Rhymes: -ɪn

### Suffix

-in f
* forms nouns characterised by root
    ‎hesb (“barren, sterile”) + ‎-in → ‎hesbin (“young ewe”)
    ‎crib (“comb”) + ‎-in → ‎cribin (“rake”)
* (obsolete) forms adjectives from nouns, usually nouns of material
    ‎pridd (“soil, earth”) + ‎-in → ‎priddin (“earthen”)
    ‎aur (“gold”) + ‎-in → ‎eurin (“golden”)
    ‎lledr (“leather”) + ‎-in → ‎lledrin (“leathern”)
* forms adjectives from other adjectives
    ‎garw (“rough”) + ‎-in → ‎gerwin (“severe, harsh”)

#### Usage notes

-in causes i-affection of preceding vowels, e.g., ‎aur (“gold”) + ‎-in → ‎eurin (“golden”), ‎garw (“rough”) + ‎-in → ‎gerwin (“severe, harsh”).

#### Derived terms
### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-in”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Wolof
### Suffix

-in
* forms nouns of manner
    ‎dox (“to walk”) + ‎-in → ‎doxin (“gait, walk, stride”)
    ‎sol (“to put on a garment of clothing”) + ‎-in → ‎colin (“a manner of dressing”)