# keras
## Estonian
### Noun

keras
* inessive singular of kera

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay keras, from Classical Malay keras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /kəˈras/ [kəˈras]
* Rhymes: -as
* Syllabification: ke‧ras

### Adjective

kêras
* hard,
** (of material) Resistant to pressure.
    Roti itu terlalu keras untuk dipotong.That bread is too hard to cut
    Synonym: kuat
** (figurative) Demanding a lot of effort to endure.
    Ia baru menyadari kerasnya kehidupan ― He just realized how hard life is
    Synonyms: pelik, sulit, susah
    Antonyms: gampang, mudah
** (figurative) Severe, harsh.
    kata-kata keras ― harsh words
    Antonym: lembut
** (of drugs, figurative) Having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient; strong.
    Obat keras. ― Hard drugs.
** (of a man, figurative) Having an erect penis; erect.
    Synonyms: bangun, ereksi, tegang
    Antonyms: lembek, loyo, tidur
* strong
** (of wind, figurative) Having a lot of power.
    Synonyms: cepat, kencang
    Antonym: pelan
** (of disease or symptom, figurative) Very bad or intense; severe.
    Ia sakit keras ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Synonyms: parah, payah
    Antonym: ringan
** (figurative) Having an offensive or intense odor.
* (material state) rigid; firm; stiff.
    Ototnya sangat keras dan alot. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Antonym: lembut
* (of foods, figurative) Difficult to cut or chew; tough.
    Synonyms: kenyal, liat
* (figurative) Likely to use physical force; violent.
    Ia menarik secara keras kedua tangan anaknya yang menangis meronta-ronta ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Synonym: kuat
    Antonym: pelan
* (of a sound, figurative) Of great intensity; loud.
    Suaranya sangat keras sehingga menggangu orang lain. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Synonyms: kuat, nyaring
    Antonyms: lembut, pelan
* (of water current, figurative) Moving with great speed; fast.
    Synonym: deras
* (of rainfall, figurative) very heavy
* (of opinion, figurative) fixed
* (of price, figurative) With speed; in a rapid manner; rapidly.
* (of cigarettes, figurative) Likely cause dizziness
    Synonym: berat
    Antonym: ringan
* strong, strict and seriously

#### Hyponyms

* keras hati
* keras kepala
* keras kerak
* keras lidah
* keras mangkas
* keras mulut
* keras tulang

#### Derived terms

* berkeras
* berkeras-keras
* berkeras-kerasan
* bersikeras
* kekerasan
* keras-mengerasi
* memperkeras
* mengeras
* mengerasi
* mengeraskan
* pengeras
* pengerasan
* perkerasan
* terkeras

### Further reading

* “keras” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Lithuanian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)er(H)-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kory (“root”) and Latvian cȩrs (“bush, knotty root of a tree”).

#### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
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#### Noun

kẽras m (plural keraĩ) stress pattern 4
* bush, shrub

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker-, *kēr-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”).

#### Noun

kẽras m (plural keraĩ) stress pattern 4
* divination, sorcery, enchantment

##### Declension
### References

* “keras”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
* Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78f; 237

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkə.ras/
* Rhymes: -ras, -as

### Adjective

kĕras (Jawi spelling کرس)
* hard, stiff
* rigid, inflexible
* obstinate

#### Derived terms

* kekerasan
* keraskan
* kerasi, mengerasi

### Further reading

* “keras” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.