# der
## Translingual
### Symbol

der
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Deori.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Deori terms

## English
### Etymology 1

Imitative.

#### Pronunciation

* enPR: dûr, IPA: /dɜː/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɜː

#### Interjection

der
* (dated outside Australia) Disdainful indication that something is obvious.
* (dated outside Australia) Indication of stupidity.
** 1979, Gabrielle Carey, Kathy Lette, Puberty Blues, page 46:`Sprung!' cried Jeff Basin, the local dubbo. 'Oh, der,' moaned Boardie sarcastically.

##### Synonyms

* duh

### Etymology 2

Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.

#### Alternative forms

* dere

#### Pronunciation

* (African-American Vernacular) enPR: dûr(r) IPA: /dɛː(ɹ)/
* Rhymes: -ɛː(ɹ)
* Homophone: dare

#### Adverb

der (not comparable)
* Nonstandard spelling of there.

#### Interjection

der
* Nonstandard spelling of there.

#### Noun

der (uncountable)
* Nonstandard spelling of there.

#### Pronoun

der
* Nonstandard spelling of there.

#### Derived terms

* der's

### Anagrams

* -red, DRE, EDR, ERD, RDE, RED, Red, erd, red

## Alemannic German
### Article

der
* (definite) the
** 1856, Jacob Maehly, Rhigmurmel. Gedichte in Basler Mundart, page 187f:
*** 'S Emilie werd im elterlige Roth Sich widersetze, wenn [...]
*** In 's Emilies Stammbuech [...]
** 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 67:Am Tag der Rast, am Tag der Rueh', Schout gern dem Kinderg'wimmel, De frohe Kinderspiele zue 's Allvatterherz vum Himmel!(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 98:Was host denn 's Teufels?(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 121:Ho 's Johrs vum Kind nü Batze g'hett, Und lützel Garba g'schnitte.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 140:Der Ehstand ist [...](please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 160:Sie nimmt vum Bett de-n-arme Wurm Und [...](please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension

Vorarlberg:
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural |
| | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural |
| Nominative | der | d' | des, 's | d' |
| Genitive | 's | der | 's | |
| Dative | dem | der | dem | de |
| Accusative | de de-n- (before a vowel) | d' | des, 's | d' |
Basel:
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural |
| | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural |
| Nominative | der | die, d' | 's | die, d' |
| Genitive | | | 's | |
| Dative | dem | der, de | dem | de |
| Accusative | de | die, d' | 's | d' |

## Chinese
### Etymology 1

的 + diminutive suffix 兒 / 儿.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): der
    (Zhuyin): ˙ㄉㄜㄦ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: der
*** Zhuyin: ˙ㄉㄜㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: de̊r
*** Wade–Giles: tê$^5$-ʼrh
*** Yale: der
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .de'l
*** Palladius: дэр (dɛr)
*** Sinological IPA : /d̥ɤɻ/

#### Particle

der
* (Internet slang, cute-sounding) Alternative pronunciation of the particle 的.
    超容易der！ ― Chāo róngyì der! ― It super easy!

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

Rhymes with -eir.
* Hanyu Pinyin: dēr
* IPA: /təɻ⁵⁵/ (Chen, 1985, p. 61)

#### Noun

der (colloquial)
* dick; An informal term for penis.
* my ass; fuck all
    你知道個der！／你知道个der！ ― Nǐ zhīdào ge der! ― You know fuck all!

#### Determiner

der (colloquial)
* shitty; despicable
       Zhèi ge der zhuānyè xué tā hái yǒu shénme yìsi! [Pinyin]
       What's the point of studying this shitty major anymore?

#### Adjective

der (colloquial)
* foolish
       Nǐ zhè ge yàngzǐ hǎo der a! [Pinyin]
       This look of you is so foolish!
    我簡直笑der了！／我简直笑der了！ ― Wǒ jiǎnzhí xiào der le! ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɛr]
* Rhymes: -ɛr

### Verb

der
* second-person singular imperative of drát

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse þar, from Proto-Germanic *þar (“there”), cognate with English there, German da.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɛːˀr/, [ˈd̥ɛˀɐ̯], [ˈd̥eˀɐ̯], (as a pronoun) IPA: /dɛr/, [d̥ɑ]

### Adverb

der
* there (in or at that place)

#### References

* “der,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Pronoun

der
* (dummy pronoun) there (expletive word put in the subject field when the subject is postponed to the predicate field, typically with indefinite subjects or subjectless passive verbs)
    der sad to katte på et bordtwo cats were sitting on a table (lit. "there sat two cats on a table")
    der blev diskuteret vildtpeople were debating vehemently (lit. "there was debated vehemently")
* (relative) who, which, that (introduces relative clauses, only when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence)
    Synonyms: hvilken, som
    alle kan være enige om, at det menneske, der kommer hjem fra sin dannelsesrejse, er et mere fuldbragt menneske end det, der tog af sted.everybody can agree that the person that returns from an educational journey is a more complete person than the one that left
* added to interrogative pronouns functioning as the subject of interrogative dependent clauses or exclamative independent clauses
    jeg ved godt, hvem der vinder den flaskeI know who is going to win that bottle
    hvem der bare havde en hund!if only I had a dog

#### References

* “der,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “der,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

### Particle

der
* (deictic particle) that (put after a definite noun phrase)
    hun købte bordet der for ingen pengeshe bought that table for no money

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* (stressed) IPA: /dɛr/
* (unstressed) IPA: /dər/
* Hyphenation: der

### Etymology 1

Unstressed form of daar (“there”).

#### Adverb

der
* there

##### Synonyms

* daar, ginder, ginds

##### Antonyms

* hier, her

##### Derived terms

* her en der

### Etymology 2
#### Article

der
* (archaic) genitive singular feminine of de; of the
    geschiedenis der Nederlandsche taal ― history of the Dutch language
* (archaic) genitive plural of de; of the
    het koninkrijk der Nederlanden ― the kingdom of the Netherlands
* (archaic) dative singular feminine of de

##### Usage notes

* The distinction of the dative case, which had long been frail and without any basis in actual speech, widely fell out of use over the course of the 19th century. The genitive case, chiefly of the plural, was still productively used in written style in the latter half of the 20th century, especially in order to avoid reduplication of van. However, it has since continuously lost ground and is now reserved to poetic and highly literary language (apart from fixed expressions and surnames).
* The current pronunciation is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic, it was pronounced with a schwa, /dər/. The original pronunciation with a schwa survives in dialects, e.g. Ripuarian (where the word may be spelled d'r).

##### Declension
### Anagrams

* red

## French
### Etymology

Clipping of dernier.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛʁ/

### Noun

der m or f (plural ders)
* last
    la der des ders (referring to the First World War) ― the war that ends all wars (literally, “the last of the lasts”)

#### Derived terms

* der des ders

## Galician
### Verb

der
* first/third-person singular future subjunctive of dar

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German dër, from Old High German dër, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection. Compare also Old Dutch thie and Old English sē where the same process occurred.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /de(ː)r/, [deːɐ̯], [dɛɐ̯], [dɐ]
* The most common pronunciation is [dɛɐ̯], which is possible in all contexts. The form [deːɐ̯] may be used when the word is stressed. The reduced form [dɐ] occurs chiefly after prepositions and conjunctions. In northern and central German vernaculars, the /d/ may then assimilate to any preceding consonant; so in der, auf der may become [ˈɪnɐ], [ˈaʊ̯fɐ].
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -eːɐ̯

### Article

der (definite)
* the

#### Declension

Old declension:
This older declension is not used anymore. For examples see Citations:der.

#### Derived terms

* derselbe
* desweiteren

### Article

der
* inflection of der:
** genitive/dative feminine singular
** genitive plural

### Pronoun

der m (relative)
* who; that; which
    Ich kenne einen Mann, der das kann. ― I know a man who can do that.

#### Usage notes

In a subordinate clause, indicates a person or thing referenced in the main clause. Used with masculine singular referents.

#### Declension

* See deren for usage notes on derer and deren.
* Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.
Old declension:

### Pronoun

der f (relative)
* dative feminine singular of der: (to) whom, which, that

### Pronoun

der (demonstrative)
* (attributive, stressed) that
    Der Mann war es! ― It was that man!
* (indicative) him, he
    Der hat es getan! ― It was him who did it!
* (differential) the one, him
    Der mit dem Mantel ― The one with the coat

#### Declension

* See deren for usage notes on derer and deren.
* Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.
Old declension:

### Pronoun

der f (demonstrative)
* dative feminine singular of der: (to) that, (to) her

### Further reading

* “der” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “der” in Duden online
* “der, die, das (bestimmte Artikel)” in Duden online

## Hunsrik
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɐ/

### Pronoun

der
* unstressed dative of du

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* Online Hunsrik Dictionary

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈder/, [ˈd̪ɛr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈder/, [ˈd̪ɛr]

### Verb

der
* first-person singular present passive subjunctive of dō

## Limburgish
### Alternative forms

* d'r (reduced form, the only form in most dialects)
** der- (Eupen, exists solely as a prefix)

### Etymology

From Middle Dutch der, unstressed form of dāer, from Old Dutch thar, from Proto-West Germanic *þār, from Proto-Germanic *þar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dæʀ/
* Hyphenation: der
* Rhymes: -æʀ

### Adverb

der
* there

#### Synonyms

* dao

## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /der/, [dɐ]

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German der.
In the masculine singular, der was originally nominative and den was accusative. This case distinction, which still exists in Standard German, was then lost in Luxembourgish. Why the form der was reassigned to usage with taboo words seems unexplained.

#### Determiner

der
* unstressed form of där
* (archaic outside idioms) Alternative form of den (masculine definite article) used with certain taboo words, especially Däiwel (“devil”) and Doud (“death”)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

der
* unstressed form of dir

##### Declension
### Etymology 3

Fossiled genitive plural of the demonstrative pronoun (see deen). Cognate with German derer (only optionally and rarely so used), Dutch er (used as in Luxembourgish).

#### Adverb

der
* Used with numbers that refer back to a previously named noun; compare French en, Dutch er.
    Ech hunn zwee Kanner an hien huet der dräi.I have two children and he has three.
** (Can we date this quote?), “Zwou Bulle Mokka”, performed by Fausti:Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou sou séiss wéi Zocker. Zwou Bulle Mokka, do fäls de bal vum Hocker. Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou Bulle man dech frou, Well et sinn der zwou – esou.Two scoops of mocha, two as sweet as sugar. Two scoops of mocha, you almost fall off your stool. Two scoops of mocha, two scoops make you happy, Because they’re two – just like that. Or: Because it’s two of them – just like that.

## Middle Dutch
### Article

der
* inflection of die:
** feminine genitive/dative singular
** genitive plural

### Adverb

der
* unstressed form of dāer

## Middle High German
### Etymology

Inherited from Old High German dër, from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

### Pronoun

dër
* (definite article) the
    alliu diu freude, die diu werlt hatall the joy that the world has
* (relative) who, which, that

#### Descendants

* Alemannic German: der
* German: der
* Pennsylvania German: der
* Yiddish: דער (der)

## Mòcheno
### Etymology

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, from Proto-Germanic *þa, an alteration of *sa. Cognate with German der, English the.

### Article

der (feminine de, neuter s, plural de)
* the, nominative singular masculine definite article

### References

* “der” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-. Compare English door, Persian در (dar), Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuar$^ə$m), Russian дверь (dverʹ).

### Adverb

der
* out, outside, outdoors

### Noun

der f
* door

#### Synonyms

* derî

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse þar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dæːr/
* Rhymes: -ɛɾ

### Adverb

der
* there

#### Derived terms

* deretter
* derfra
* dermed
* derved

### References

* “der” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse þar. Akin to English there.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dæːr/, /deːr/

#### Adverb

der
* there

##### Derived terms

* dermed

### Etymology 2

From Middle Norwegian *þiðr, whence also dere. Borrowed from Old East Norse iðʀ with added þ-, similar to þit from hafið it.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /deːɾ/

#### Pronoun

der
* (dialectal, South East Norway) objective case of de; alternative form of dykk (“you (plural)”)

### References

* “der” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* thër — Central German, Tatian

### Etymology

Derived from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

### Pronoun

dër
* (definite article) the
* (relative) who, which, that

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: dër
** German: der

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

Compare German der.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛɐ̯/

### Article

der m (definite)
* the

#### Declension
### Article

der
* inflection of der:
** dative feminine singular
** accusative masculine singular

### Pronoun

der
* dative of du: you, to you

#### Declension

$^1$ unstressed

### Pronoun

der
* you (plural)
* you (polite)

#### Declension

$^1$ unstressed

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈdɛ(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈdɛ(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈdɛ(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈdɛ(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈdɛ(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈdɛɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈdɛɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈdɛ.ɾi/

### Verb

der
* first/third-person singular future subjunctive of dar

## Swedish
### Adverb

der
* Obsolete spelling of där.

### Anagrams

* red

## Turkish
### Verb

der
* third-person singular indicative aorist of demek

## West Frisian
### Adverb

der
* there (unspecific to distance)
    Der binne trije Fryske talenThere are three Frisian languages.

#### Further reading

* “der (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

## Wolof
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

der (definite form der wi)
* skin