# lang
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: lăng; IPA: /læŋ/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -æŋ

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

lang (plural langs)
* Abbreviation of language

##### Derived terms

* artlang
* conlang
* engelang
* jokelang
* loglang
* memelang
* speedlang
* natlang

### Etymology 2
#### Etymology

Inherited from Northern Middle English lang (“long”) (southern long).

#### Adjective

lang (comparative langer, superlative langest)
* (obsolete outside Northumbria) long

##### Usage notes

* "Lang" was still used for "long" in several northern English dialects at the time of the Survey of English Dialects, but it is now virtually extinct.

##### Derived terms

* lang may yer lum reek
* lang syne

#### Further reading

* “lang”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Angl.

## Alemannic German
### Etymology

From Middle High German lanc, from Old High German lang, from Proto-West Germanic *lang. Cognate with German lang, Dutch lang, English long, Icelandic langur.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɑŋ/

### Adjective

lang (comparative lenger, superlative lengscht)
* long
* tall, high

#### Declension
## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse langr, from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), cognate with Swedish lång, English long, German lang. The adjective goes back to Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos, *dl̥h₁gʰós (“long”), which is also the source of Latin longus, Ancient Greek δολιχός (dolikhós).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lanɡ/, [lɑŋˀ]
* Rhymes: -ɑŋˀ

### Adjective

lang (neuter langt, plural and definite singular attributive lange, comparative længere, superlative (predicative) længst, superlative (attributive) længste)
* long (having great distance)

### Further reading

* “lang” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “lang” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch lanc, from Old Dutch *lang, from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɑŋ/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: lang
* Rhymes: -ɑŋ

### Adjective

lang (comparative langer, superlative langst)
* long
    Antonym: kort
    Het was een lange dag.It was a long day.
* tall
    Antonyms: kort, klein
    Een lange man.A tall man.
* long (time), lengthy, a long time
    Het duurt lang.It takes a long time.
    Wie heeft het langst gespeeld?Who played longest?

#### Derived terms

* boomlang
* dagenlang
* jarenlang
* langbaardgras
* langdradig
* langdurig
* langgerekt
* langlopend
* langsnavelkaketoe
* langsnavelraafkaketoe
* levenslang
* maandenlang
* onlangs
* urenlang

#### Related terms

* lengen
* lengte

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: lank
* Berbice Creole Dutch: langgi
* Jersey Dutch: lānk
* Negerhollands: lang, laṅ
* → Sranan Tongo: langa
** → Aukan: langa
** → Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin: langame
** → Saramaccan: lánga, djanga

### Adverb

lang
* (with negation) by far
    Lang niet iedereen houdt van vlees.Not everyone by far likes meat.

## East Central German
### Adverb

lang
* (Erzgebirgisch) already
    Synonym: schu
    Ich saat ja lang, doß die Predigerschul in Berlin is und "Paulinium" haaßt.I already said, that the Preacher school is in Berlin and is called "Paulinium."

### Further reading

* 1982 Karl-Heinz Schmidt, Itze schlöft dr Pastor ei : Heiteres aus dem Erzgebirge. P. 12

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German lanc, from Old High German lang, from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /laŋ(k)/, [laŋ], (northern also) [laŋk]
* Audio:(file)
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -aŋ

### Adjective

lang (strong nominative masculine singular langer, comparative länger, superlative am längsten)
* long; lengthy (in space or time)
    Antonym: kurz
* (of a person) tall
    Synonym: (more common) groß
* (with units of time, chiefly Jahre) many (indicating the length of the time in total)
    Synonym: viel
    Er hat lange Jahre damit verbracht, diese Frage zu erörtern.He spent many years reasoning about this question.

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “tall”): klein; kurz (latter rather rude)

#### Derived terms

* jahrelang
* Länge
* Langeweile
* langmachen
* langschwänzig
* langweilig
* langwierig
* monatelang
* stundenlang
* überlang
* verlängern
* wochenlang
* Vokuhila

### Adverb

lang
* (chiefly colloquial, but also found in formal style) Alternative form of lange
    Der Ausflug hat lang gedauert.The trip took quite long.
* long, sprawled, stretched (physically)
    Er lag lang auf der Erde.He lay sprawled on the ground.

### Postposition

lang [with accusative]
* for (temporal)
    Er ist ein Jahr lang um die Welt gereist.He travelled around the world for one year.
    Ich habe mein ganzes Leben lang die Relativitätstheorie studiert.I studied relativistic physics my entire life.
** 2010, Der Spiegel‎, number 34/2010, page 87:Die Pharmakonzerne müssen ihre Preise nun drei Jahre lang auf dem Niveau vom Sommer 2009 einfrieren.The pharmaceutical companies now have to freeze their prices for three years at the level of summer 2009.
* (chiefly colloquial, but also found in formal style) Alternative form of entlang
    Gehen Sie einfach diese Straße lang!Just go along this street!
    Wo lang? Hier lang!Which way? This way!

#### Inflection
### Verb

lang
* singular imperative of langen

### Further reading

* “lang” in Duden online
* “lang” in Duden online
* “lang” in Duden online
* “lang” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “lang” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “lang” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French langue (“language”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lãɡ/, [lãŋ]

### Noun

lang
* A language.
* A tongue.

#### Synonyms

* langaj

## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of lang – see 櫳 (“sparse”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 櫳).

## Hunsrik
### Etymology

From Middle High German lanc, from Old High German lang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /laŋ/

### Adjective

lang (comparative lenger, superlative lengest)
* long
    Sie hod en lange Naas.She has a long nose.
    Das is drei Meter lang.This is three meters long.

#### Related terms

* langst

### Further reading

* Online Hunsrik Dictionary

## Icelandic
### Noun

lang m
* accusative indefinite singular of langur
* dative indefinite singular of langur

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlaŋ/
* Rhymes: -laŋ, -aŋ, -ŋ
* Hyphenation: lang
* Audio (Indonesia):(file)

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

lang (plural lang-lang)
* aphetic form of êlang (“eagle”)
* (obsolete) aphetic form of selang

### Etymology 2

From Betawi [Term?], probably from Dutch lang (“tall”), from Middle Dutch lanc, from Old Dutch *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz.

#### Noun

lang (plural lang-lang)
* tiered table

### Further reading

* “lang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Low German
### Etymology

From Middle Low German lang, from Old Saxon lang, from Proto-West Germanic *lang. Cognate to German lang, Dutch lang, English long.

### Adjective

lang (comparative länger, superlative längst)
* long

#### Declension
## Ludian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lanka.

### Noun

lang
* A yarn.

## Malay
### Etymology

From Austroasiatic; compare Bahnar klang, Pacoh calang, Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng), Mang laːŋ¹, Central Nicobarese [Nancowry] kalâng and Chong kʰlaːˀŋ. Doublet of elang and helang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /laŋ/
* Rhymes: -aŋ

### Noun

lang (Jawi spelling لڠ, plural lang-lang, informal 1st possessive langku, 2nd possessive langmu, 3rd possessive langnya)
* eagle (Any of several large carnivorous birds in the family Accipitridae)
    Synonyms: elang, helang

### References

* Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “الڠ lang”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 116
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “لڠ lang”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 599
* Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “lang”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, pages 15-6

### Further reading

* “lang” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mandarin
### Romanization

lang
* Nonstandard spelling of lāng.
* Nonstandard spelling of láng.
* Nonstandard spelling of lǎng.
* Nonstandard spelling of làng.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Masbatenyo
### Adverb

lang
* just; only; merely

## Mato
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɑŋ/

### Noun

lang
* water

### References

* Phonological Descriptions of Papua New Guinea Languages (2005, SIL, edited by Steve Parker), section Mato (Nenaya, Nengaya, Nineia) Language, page 28: lang [ˈlɑŋ] 'water'

## Middle English
### Adjective

lang (plural and weak singular lange)
* (Early Middle English or Northern) Alternative form of long

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

lang (neuter singular langt, definite singular and plural lange, comparative lengre, indefinite superlative lengst, definite superlative lengste)
* long
* tall

#### Derived terms

* avlang
* knelang
* langbeint
* langbukse
* langbølge
* langfinger
* langhåret
* langrenn
* langsiktig
* langskip
* langskips
* langsmal
* langstrakt
* langvarig
* livslang
* lovens lange arm
* skulderlang
* ukelang

### References

* “lang” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse langr. Akin to English long.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /lɑŋː/

### Adjective

lang (masculine and feminine lang, neuter langt, definite singular and plural lange, comparative lengre, indefinite superlative lengst, definite superlative lengste)
* long (of physical length)
    Når fekk du det lange håret?When did you get such long hair?
* long (of duration)
    Denne filmen var lang.This movie was long.

#### Derived terms

* avlang
* knelang
* langbeint
* langbukse
* langfinger
* langrenn
* langsiktig
* langskip
* langskips
* langsmal
* langvarig
* livslang
* lovas lange arm, lovens lange arm
* skulderlang

### References

* “lang” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Nyishi
### Numeral

lang
* hundred

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* long

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos.
Cognate with Old Frisian long, Old Saxon lang, Old High German lang, Old Norse langr, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 (laggs), and outside of Germanic, with Latin longus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lɑnɡ/, [lɑŋɡ]

### Adjective

lang (comparative lengra, superlative lenġest)
* long
** late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
    Iċ onġiete þæt iċ þē hæbbe āþrotenne mid þȳ langan spelle.I can see I've bored you with that long tangent.
** preface to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, manuscript E
    Bretene īeġland is eahta hund mīla lang and twā hund brād.The island of Britain is eight hundred miles long and two hundred miles wide.
** late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
    Þonne blōtmōnaþ ġeendaþ, þonne biþ sēo niht sixtīene tīda lang and sē dæġ eahta tīda.At the end of November, the nights are sixteen hours long and the days are eight hours.
** Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 893
    Sē wudu is ēastlang and westlang hundtwelftiġes mīla lang oþþe lengra and þrītiġes mīla brād.The forest is 120 miles long or longer from east to west, and 30 miles wide.
** late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
    On þā swīðran healfe þām ingange is stǣnen bedd seofon fōta lang and þrim mundum hīere þonne þæs hūses flōr.To the right of the entrance, there is a stone bed that is seven feet long and three hands higher than the floor of the house.
** late 9th century, anonymous translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
    Ne wēne iċ, nū iċ lang spell hæbbe tō seċġenne, þæt iċ hīe on þisse bēċ ġeendian mæġe, ac iċ ōðre onġinnan sċeal.Since I have some long stories to tell, I don't think I can finish them in this book, so I'll have to start another one.
** c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
    Hē ǣt þā and dranc and eft wearþ on slǣpe, ac sē enġel hine āwreahte ōðre sīðe and cwæþ, "Ārīs hraðe and et. Þū hæfst swīðe langne weġ."Then he ate and drank and went back to sleep, but the angel woke him up a second time and said, "Come on, get up and eat. You have a very long journey ahead of you."
** Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 897
    Þā hēt Ælfrēd cyning timbran langsċipu onġēan þā æscas. Þā wǣron fulnēah twā swā lang swā þā ōðru. Sumu hæfdon sixtiġ āra, sumu mā. Þā wǣron ǣġðer ġe swiftran ġe unwealtran ġe ēac hīeran þonne þā ōðru; nǣron nāwðer ne on Frīsisċ ġesċeapen ne on Denisċ, ac swā him selfum þūhte þæt hīe nytwierðest bēon meahten.Then King Alfred had longships built to oppose the askar [small, light Viking ships used for raids]. They were almost twice as long as the others. Some had 60 oars, some more. They were both swifter and steadier as well as higher than the others, and they were not based on Frisian design or Danish, but on what he himself thought would be the most useful.
** c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
    Ān nama is þissum ġelīċe on ġeendunge and nā on andġiete: hic senior ("þēs ealda mann oþþe ealdor"). Þā ōðre sind ealle mǣst werlīċes cynnes (hic doctor "þēs lārēow," hic salīnātor "þēs sealtere"), and ealle unlīchamlīċe (hic furor "þēos hātheortnes," horror "ōga," labor "ġeswinc," sūdor "swāt," pallor "blācung," pudor "sċamu," decor "wlite," calor "hǣtu," fervor "wielm," rubor "rēadnes oþþe sċamu," algor "ċiele"), and ealle þās and ōðre þyslīċe habbaþ langne ō on ġebīeġedum fiellum.One noun is like these in ending but not in meaning: hic senior ("this old person or elder"). The others are almost all masculine (hic doctor "this teacher," hic salinator "this salter"), including all the abstract nouns (hic furor "this fury," horror "horror," labor "labor," sudor "sweat," pallor "paleless," pudor "shame," decor "beauty," calor "heat," fervor "boiling heat," rubor "redness or shame," algor "coldness"), and all of these and others like them have a long o in inflected cases.
* tall
** c. 1000, unknown author, Vercelli Homily IX
    Ġif hwelċ mann biþ on helle āne niht, þonne biþ him lēofre þæt hē hangiġe seofon þūsende wintra on þām lenġestan treowe ufeweardum.Anyone who spends one day in hell would rather hang for seven thousand years from the top of the tallest tree.
** late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
    Þæt is nū þæs līchaman gōd þæt man sīe fæġer, and strang, and lang, and brād, and manegu ōðru gōd ēac þām.The virtues of the body are that a person is beautiful, strong, tall, and broad, and many other virtues besides these.
** c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
    Þā ġeseah hē onġemang ōðrum twēġen ġeonge cneohtas, þæt hīe wǣron wlitiġe on hīewe and lange on wæstmum.Then he (Trajan) spotted two boys in the crowd and noticed they were beautiful in appearance and tall in stature.

#### Antonyms

* sċort

#### Derived terms

* andlang
* dæġlang
* ealdorlang
* ēastlang
* efnlang
* furlang
* ġelang
* Langbeardas
* lange
* langfǣre
* langian
* langlīċe
* langlīfe
* langmōd
* langnes
* langsċeaft
* langsċip
* langstrang
* langsum
* langwyrpe
* lencten
* lenġu
* morgenlang
* nihtlang
* norþlang
* sumorlang
* westlang

#### Descendants

* Middle English: long, longe (Late Middle English), lang, lange (Early Middle English or Northern)
** English: long
** Geordie English: lang
** Scots: lang
** Yola: lhaung, long

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *lang, related to Old English lang, Old Norse langr.

### Adjective

lang
* long

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: lanc
** Alemannic German: lang
** Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: lång
    Mòcheno: lònk
** German: lang
** Hunsrik: lang
** Luxembourgish: laang
** Pennsylvania German: lang
** Vilamovian: łaong
** Yiddish: לאַנג (lang)

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* long

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *lang.

### Adjective

lang
* long

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: lanc, lang, lanch
** Low German: lang, lång, long, lonk, lonch
** Plautdietsch: lang, lank

#### References

* Köbler, Gerhard, Altsächsisches Wörterbuch (5th edition 2014)

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

From Middle High German lanc, from Old High German lang. Compare German lang, Dutch lang, English long.

### Adjective

lang
* long
* diluted
    langi Brieh ― diluted broth

## Plautdietsch
### Etymology

From Middle Low German lanc, from Old Saxon lang.

### Adjective

lang
* long (in time)

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English lang, from Old English lang (“long, tall, lasting”). Cognate with English long.

### Adjective

lang (comparative langer, superlative langest)
* long

### Adverb

lang (comparative langer, superlative langest)
* long

#### Derived terms

* langsome
* lang syne

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* laang
* lng — text messaging

### Etymology

Contraction of laang or lamang.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈlaŋ/ [ˈlaŋ]
* Rhymes: -aŋ
* Syllabification: lang

### Adverb

lang (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜅ᜔)
* only; just
    Synonym: lamang

#### Derived terms

* lang naman
* lang-langin

### Further reading

* “lang”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Tok Pisin
### Noun

lang
* A fly (insect).

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lanka, probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *langô. Cognate with Finnish lanka.

### Noun

lang
* yarn, thread

#### Declension
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [laːŋ˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [laːŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [laːŋ˧˧]

### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

lang • (郎)
* roan, piebald
    con bò lang ― roan cow

##### Derived terms

* lang ben

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

lang • (𫉱, 良, 榔)
* (only in compounds) sweet potato

##### Derived terms

* khoai lang
* rau lang

### Etymology 3

Sino-Vietnamese word from 郎.

#### Noun

lang
* (only in compounds) man; male

##### Derived terms

* Hoa Lang
* lang băm
* Ngưu Lang
* quan lang
* thầy lang

## Woiwurrung
### Alternative forms

* LaRng

### Noun

lang
* stone

### See also

* moomowroong (“pebble”)
* moojerr (“rock”)

### References

* 1 2 https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/f4512721-7645-4722-90b8-168541d38240/content
* ↑ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_aborigines_of_Victoria_-_with_notes_relating_to_the_habits_of_the_natives_of_other_parts_of_Australia_and_Tasmania_%28IA_b24885228_0002%29.pdf