# rún
## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse rún, from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo, acc. sing.), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹʉuːn/
* Rhymes: -ʉuːn

### Noun

rún f (genitive singular rúnar, plural rúnir)
* rune
* (in the plural: rúnir) magic

#### Declension
## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse rún (“secret; rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo, acc. sing.), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ruːn/
* Rhymes: -uːn

### Noun

rún f (genitive singular rúnar, nominative plural rúnir)
* rune
* magical symbol
* (archaic or poetic) secret wisdom
* (obsolete) female confidant
    Synonym: rúna

#### Derived terms

* $^?$Úlfrún f

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish rún (“mystery, secret”) (whence also Scottish Gaelic rùn, Manx roon), from Proto-Celtic *rūnā. Cognate with Welsh rhin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾˠuːn̪ˠ/, /ɾˠuːnˠ/

### Noun

rún m (genitive singular rúin, nominative plural rúin)
* mystery
* secret
* secret intention, purpose
* secret disposition; (evil) design
* (formal) resolution
* love, affection
* loved one; dear one, friend
* term of endearment
    A rún mo chroí! ― My darling!

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
rún
rúin
vocative
a rúin
a rúna
genitive
rúin
rún
dative
rún
rúin
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an rún
na rúin
genitive
an rúin
na rún
dative
leis an rún don rún
leis na rúin :

#### Derived terms

* cara rúin (“confidant”)
* dea-rún (“good intention”)
* faoi rún (“in confidence”)
* margadh rúin (“sweetheart deal”)
* rún buíochais (“vote of thanks”)
* rún cáinte (“vote of censure”)
* rún ceilge (“treacherous intent, plot”)
* rún diaga (“divine mystery”)
* rún díoltais (“design of vengeance”)
* rún gadaí (“malicious intent of thief”)
* rúnach (“runic; secret, mysterious”)
* rúnach (“darling, sweetheart”)
* rúnaí
* rúnchara (“confidant”)
* rúnda
* rúndaingean (“strong-minded, resolute”)
* rúndiamhair (“mystical, mysterious”)
* rúndiamhair (“(religious) mystery”)
* rúnmhar (“close, secretive”)
* scéal rúin

#### Descendants

* →⇒ Fingallian: arroon

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 rún”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 86

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “rún”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “rún”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “rún”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Mandarin
### Romanization

rún (run$^2$, Zhuyin ㄖㄨㄣˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 犉
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瞤 / 𥆧

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *rūnā. Cognate with Welsh rhin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /r͈uːn/

### Noun

rún f (genitive rúine, nominative plural rúna)
* mystery, secret
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13$^a$12
    Má beid ní di rúnaib do·théi ar menmuin ind ḟir bíis inna ṡuidiu et ad·reig.If there are any of the mysteries that may come upon the mind of the man who is sitting, and he rises.
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 27$^c$22
    Is airi am cimbid-se hóre no·pridchim in rúin sin.It is for that reason that I am a captive, because I preach that mystery.

#### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Derived terms

* rúnde

#### Descendants

* Irish: rún
* Scottish Gaelic: rùn
* Manx: roon

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 rún”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* ᚱᚢᚾ (run), plural: ᚱᚢᚾᛅᛦ (runaʀ), ᚱᚢᚾᛁᛦ (runiʀ), ᚱᚢᚾᚬᛦ (runąʀ)

### Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo, acc. sing.), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō, whence also Old English rūn (“secret, runic letter”), Old Saxon rūna (Middle Low German rūne (“whisper”)), Middle High German rūne (“whisper”), Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret”). Or from the Proto-Indo-European *rewH- (“dig”, a root). Compare German Rune and Swedish runa.

### Noun

rún f (genitive rúnar, plural rúnar or rúnir)
* secret
* rune

#### Derived terms

* sigrún (“victory rune”)

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: rún f
* Faroese: rún f
* Norwegian Nynorsk: run f, runer f pl (← rúnir); (dialectal) rón f, rjón n
* Old Swedish: rūn, rūna
** Swedish: runa c or f
* Old Danish: rune
** Danish: rune c (partially through artificial revival), runer pl
*** Norwegian Bokmål: rune m or f
**** → Norwegian Nynorsk: rune f, runa f
*** → German: Rune f
**** → Dutch: rune
*** → English: rune
**** → Mandarin: 盧恩 / 卢恩 (lú'ēn)

### Further reading

* Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ruːn]

### Noun

rún
* genitive plural of rúno

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zun˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʐun˦˧˥]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ɹʊwŋ͡m˦˥]

### Noun

rún • (𦠆)
* Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of rốn (“navel”)
    Chuồn chuồn cắn rún biết bơi. (Popular myth among children in Vietnam)If you let a dragonfly bite your belly button, you would know how to swim.

#### See also

* cười tét rún