# czar
## English
### Etymology

See tsar. The spelling czar, the older spelling in English, comes from Sigismund von Herberstein's Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii ("Notes on Muscovite Affairs") of 1549. The alternative tsar began to replace it in the 19th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zɑː(ɹ)/, /tsɑː(ɹ)/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

### Noun

czar (plural czars)
* Alternative spelling of tsar (especially common in American English)
** 1555, Peter Martyr d’Anghiera, translated by Richard Eden, The decades of the newe worlde or west India‎, London: William Powell, page 290:Note therfore that Czar in the Ruthens tounge signifieth a kynge, wheras in the language of the Slauons, Pollons, Bohemes, and other, the same woorde Czar, signifieth Cesar by whiche name Themperours haue byn commonly cauled.
** 2016-12-12, Editorial Team, “Editorial: Trump, Putin and the risks of a reset”, in Chicago Tribune‎:To understand Russia, you have to dive deep into its history — boyars and czars, Pushkin and Pasternak, Stalin and Stalingrad.
* (informal, US politics, Philippine politics) An appointed official tasked to regulate or oversee a specific area.
    drug czar
    cyberczar
** 2020 May 8, Jayne O'Donnell, “'Deaths of despair': Coronavirus pandemic could push suicide, drug deaths as high as 150k, study says”, in USA Today‎, archived from the original on 9 May 2020:The federal mental health czar is calling for more money to expand services to help people suffering amid the social isolation imposed by the coronavirus pandemic […]

#### Derived terms

* border czar
* czarate
* czardom
* czaric
* czarish
* czarist
* czarlike
* czarocracy
* czarocrat
* czarocratic
* czarship
* if only the czar knew

### Anagrams

* Racz, Z-car, z car

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tsaʁ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

czar m (plural czars)
* Archaic spelling of tsar.

### Further reading

* “czar”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʂar/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ar
* Syllabification: czar

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čarъ.

#### Alternative forms

* car (Lasovia)

#### Noun

czar m inan
* spell (magic)
    Synonyms: zaklęcie, urok
* allure, charm (quality of inspiring delight or admiration)
    Synonym: urok
* (in the plural) sorcery (magical power)
    Synonym: magia

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

czar f
* genitive plural of czara

### Further reading

* czar in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* czar in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “czar”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* tsar, tzar

### Etymology

From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Old Church Slavonic цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César and kaiser.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtsaʁ/ [ˈtsah], /ˈkzaʁ/ [ˈkzah], /kiˈzaʁ/ [kiˈzah]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtsaʁ/ [ˈtsah], /ˈkzaʁ/ [ˈkzah], /kiˈzaʁ/ [kiˈzah]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈtsaɾ/, /ˈkzaɾ/, /kiˈzaɾ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈtsaʁ/ [ˈtsaχ], /ˈkzaʁ/ [ˈkzaχ], /kiˈzaʁ/ [kiˈzaχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈtsaɻ/, /ˈkzaɻ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈkzaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈkzaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈkza.ɾi/

### Noun

czar m (plural czares, feminine czarina, feminine plural czarinas)
* tsar