# z-
## Translingual
### Prefix

z-
* (SI prefix) Abbreviation of zepto- (“10$^{−21}$”).
    Coordinate term: Z-

## English
### Prefix

z-
* (computer graphics) z-axis

#### Derived terms
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* zh-

### Etymology

From Early Proto-Albanian *dis- > *diš- > *dš- > *tš- > s- before unvoiced phonemes, z- before voiced phonemes. It is mainly connected with the formation of verbs.

### Prefix

z-
* be-, to-, dis-

#### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ Schumacher, S. & Matzinger, J. Die Verben des Altalbanischen. Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie. Harrassowitz Verlag 2013. Wiesbaden.
* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 173-174

## Czech
### Etymology

z used as a prefix.

### Prefix

z-
* a prefix, to form perfective verbs
* a prefix, indicating a change of state

#### Derived terms

* zbabělec
* zčernat
* zčervenat
* zefektivnit
* zhoršit
* zchladnout
* zkazit
* zklamat
* zkomolit
* zkrotit
* zlákat
* zlehčit
* zlepšit
* zmást
* zmenšit
* zmodrat
* zteplat
* ztěžknout
* ztuha
* ztuhnout
* zúročit
* zvětšit

#### See also

* ze-

### Further reading

* z-/ze- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

## Kashubian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz-, prefix form of *jьz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

### Prefix

z-
* used to form the perfect aspect of verbs
* added to verbs in various meanings

#### Derived terms
## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡s/

### Article

z-
* Alternative form of il-

#### Usage notes

* Used after a vowel and before the letter z. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

## Navajo
### Prefix

z-
* Alternative form of si-, which marks third person of si-perfective verbs

#### Usage notes

* This form of the affix is used with ł- classifier verbs.

## Old Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /s/, /s/
* IPA: (15th CE) /s/, /s/

### Etymology 1

Coalescence of Proto-Slavic *jьz- and Proto-Slavic *sъ-.

#### Prefix

z-
* attached to verbs to form verbs denoting getting something together
* down from
* forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones
* off, out or from

##### Descendants

* Polish: z-
* Silesian: z-

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”).

#### Prefix

z-
* (not productive) forms words with positive meanings

##### Descendants

* Polish: z-
* Silesian: z-

##### Derived terms
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* s-, ś-, ze-

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -z
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
* Homophones: s-, z

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish z-.

#### Prefix

z-
* used before vowels or voiced consonants, sibilants (s, sz, z, ż), as well as h and semivowels (j, ł) to form a verb in a perfective aspect from a verb in an imperfective aspect.
    ‎z- + ‎decydować → ‎zdecydować
    ‎z- + ‎dzielać → ‎zdzielać
    ‎z- + ‎denerwować → ‎zdenerwować
    ‎z- + ‎gnieść → ‎zgnieść
    ‎z- + ‎hańbić → ‎zhańbić
    ‎z- + ‎irytować → ‎zirytować
    ‎z- + ‎jeść → ‎zjeść
    ‎z- + ‎łamać → ‎złamać
    ‎z- + ‎martwić → ‎zmartwić
    ‎z- + ‎niszczyć → ‎zniszczyć
    ‎z- + ‎orientować → ‎zorientować
    ‎z- + ‎ranić → ‎zranić
    ‎z- + ‎robić → ‎zrobić
    ‎z- + ‎szokować → ‎zszokować
    ‎z- + ‎wiedzić → ‎zwiedzić
* off, out or from
    ‎z- + ‎jąć (“take”) → ‎zdjąć (“take off”)
    ‎z- + ‎rwać (“tear”) → ‎zerwać (“tear off”)
    ‎z- + ‎pod (“under”) → ‎spód (“bottom”), spod (“from under”)
* attached to verbs to form verbs denoting getting something together
    ‎z- + ‎brać → ‎zebrać
    ‎z- + ‎prowadzić → ‎sprowadzić
    ‎z- + ‎pisać → ‎spisać
    ‎z- + ‎grać → ‎zgrać
    ‎z- + ‎szyć → ‎zszyć
    ‎z- + ‎łączyć → ‎złączyć
* down from
    ‎z- + ‎jazda → ‎zjazd
    ‎z- + ‎nosić → ‎znosić
    ‎z- + ‎iść → ‎zejść

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish z-.

#### Prefix

z-
* (not productive) forms words with positive meaning
    ‎z- + ‎część + ‎-e → ‎szczęście
    ‎z- + ‎pokój → ‎spokój

##### Derived terms
## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n). Prefixed form of the preposition z.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z-/

### Prefix

z-
* Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
** (no change in meaning)
    ‎z- + ‎budīti (“to wake”) → ‎zbudīti (“to wake”)
** away, aside, down
    ‎z- + ‎téči (“to run”) → ‎stéči (“to run away”)
** up
    ‎z- + ‎lẹ́sti (“to climb”) → ‎zlẹ́sti (“to climb up”)
** together
    ‎z- + ‎varīti (“to weld”) → ‎zvarīti (“to weld together”)

#### Usage notes

Before voiceless consonants, the variant s- is used. Before the sibilants s or z, the variant se- is used.

#### Derived terms
## Slovincian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz-, prefix form of *jьz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

### Prefix

z-
* forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones