OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# pared
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pɛəd/
* (General American) IPA: /pɛɹd/
* (General Australian) IPA: /peːd/
* (New Zealand, without the cheer–chair merger) IPA: /peəd/
* (New Zealand, cheer–chair merger) IPA: /piəd/
* (Scotland) IPA: /peɹd/
* (Lancashire, fair–fur merger) IPA: /pɜː(ɹ)d/
* Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)d
* Homophones: paired; peered (cheer–chair merger); purred (fair–fur merger)

### Verb

pared
* simple past and past participle of pare

### Anagrams

* repad, padre, reap'd, raped, dreap, Padre, Preda, Pedra, drape, Praed

## Chavacano
### Etymology

Inherited from Spanish pared (“wall”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈɾed/, [paˈɾed̪]
* Hyphenation: pa‧red

### Noun

pared
* wall

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* pader (nonstandard)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish pared, from Late Latin parētem, from Latin parietem. Compare Portuguese parede.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈɾed/ [paˈɾeð̞]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ed
* Syllabification: pa‧red

### Noun

pared f (plural paredes)
* wall, especially of a house or room
    Synonyms: muro; see also Thesaurus:pared

#### Derived terms

* blanco como la pared
* darse con la cabeza en la pared, darse con la cabeza en las paredes
* de pared
* entre cuatro paredes
* entre la espada y la pared
* hasta la pared de enfrente
* las paredes oyen
* las paredes tienen ojos
* manta de pared
* pared celular
* paredón
* reloj de pared
* subirse por las paredes

#### Related terms

* parietal

#### Descendants

* Chavacano: pared
* → Bikol Central: paril
* → Cebuano: paril, pared
* → Hiligaynon: pader
* → Pangasinan: parel
* → Tagalog: pader

### Further reading

* “pared”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* padre, preda

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh paret, paraet, parwyt, from Proto-Brythonic *paruɨd, from Late Latin parēs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈparɛd/

### Noun

pared m (plural parwydydd)
* wall
    Synonyms: mur, wal

#### Derived terms

* paladr y pared (“pellitory of the wall, spreading pellitory”)

#### Usage notes

The most commonly used word for “wall” in Welsh is wal. The word mur is used most often when referring to large walls such as the defensive walls of a city or Mur Mawr Tsieina (“the Great Wall of China”). The word pared refers to an internal partition wall whereas magwyr is a literary word for an external wall, little used now but preserved in such things as place and plant names.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pared”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# bunesh
## Albanian
### Noun

bunesh
* indefinite ablative plural of bun
# hukas
## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *xukati.

### Verb

hukas (aorist hukata)
* Alternative form of hukat

#### Synonyms

* bërtas

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “hukas”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 151

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: hu‧kas

### Adjective

hukas
* naked, unclad

### Verb

hukas
* to undress; to remove one's clothing
* to unclothe; to strip of clothes or covering; to make naked

### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:hukas.

## Estonian
### Etymology

Derived from hukk (“loss, destruction”). See also hukka.

### Adverb

hukas (not comparable)
* degenerated, gone downhill (morally)
    Noorus on hukas.The youth has degenerated.
* ruined, gone, destroyed
    Hein on hukas.The hay is ruined.
* (uncommon) dirty, covered with something
    Riided on poriga hukas.The clothes are covered in dirt.

#### Usage notes

Behaves like an adjective.

#### Synonyms

* (morally degenerated):
* kõlvatu
* liiderlik
* patune
* ebavooruslik
* allakäinud
* põhjas
* (gone into ruin):
* hävinud
* riknenud
* (dirty):
* must
* räpane
* porine
* sitane
* määrdunud
# Nuttenbrausen
## German
### Noun

Nuttenbrausen
* nominative/genitive/dative/accusative plural of Nuttenbrause
# njerku
## Albanian
### Noun

njerku
* inflection of njerk:
** definite nominative singular
** indefinite dative/ablative singular
# genösst
## German
### Verb

genösst
* second-person singular/plural subjunctive II of genießen
# babanë
## Albanian
### Noun

babanë
* definite accusative singular of baba
# שכנתה
## Hebrew
### Noun

שְׁכֶנְתָּהּ • (shkhentáh)
* singular form of שְׁכֵנָה (shkhená)‎ with third-person feminine singular personal pronoun as possessor: her neighbor.
** Tanach, Exodus 3:22, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:וְשָׁאֲלָה אִשָּׁה מִשְּׁכֶנְתָּהּv'sha'alá ishá mishkhentáhbut every woman shall ask of her neighbour
# amikuy
## Quechua
### Verb

amikuy
* (intransitive) to satiate oneself, satisfy oneself
* (intransitive) to be full after eating
* (intransitive) to tire of, be bored with something
# energeticness
## English
### Noun

energeticness (uncountable)
* The state or quality of being energetic
# dibuai
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Affixation of di- +‎ buai.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /diˈbu.ai̯/
* Hyphenation: di‧bu‧ai

### Verb

dibuai
* passive of membuai (“to be cradled”)
# gippo
## English
### Alternative forms

* gypo, gyppo

### Etymology

An alteration of gypsy, which is in turn an alteration of Egyptian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɪpəʊ/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪpəʊ

### Noun

gippo (countable and uncountable, plural gippos or gippoes)
* (British, offensive, slang) A Gypsy.
* (British, offensive, slang, rare) An Egyptian.
* (British, military, slang, uncountable) Gravy.
** 2006, George H. Coward, Coward's War:He had his “dinner” in his canteen and placed it on the ground to go and “scrounge” a chunk of bread to help “fill up”, and as soon as he turned his back a dog walked in at the door of the barn, where we were “in residence” as they say “higher up”, [only we “flew no flag”], and started lapping up some of the “gippo”, [gravy] of which the said dinner was composed [in fact 'twas more “gippo” than dinner that day, so who could blame a dog for being mistaken].
** 2006, Mildred Joan Tulip, My experiences as a VAD nurse:They were always asking for ‘more gippo’ (gravy) which we got for them if we could.
* Short for gyppo logger.

#### Derived terms

* gyppo logger

#### Descendants

* →? Swedish: jippo (“spectacle, stunt”)
* →? Finnish: jippo (“trick, gimmick”)

#### References

* (gypsy; Egyptian): Tony Thorne (2014) “gippo”, in Dictionary of Contemporary Slang, 4th edition, London, […]: Bloomsbury
# choux
## English
### Noun

choux
* plural of chou

## French
### Noun

choux m
* plural of chou
# holde kæft
## Danish
### Etymology

Cognate with Norwegian holde kjeft, Swedish hålla käften, and Icelandic halda kjafti.

### Verb

holde kæft (imperative hold kæft, infinitive at holde kæft, present tense holder kæft, past tense holdt kæft, perfect tense har holdt kæft)
* shut up

### References

* “holde kæft” in Den Danske Ordbog
# tisse i bukserne for at holde varmen
## Danish
### Verb

tisse i bukserne for at holde varmen ("pee in one's pants to keep warm")
* enact a solution that benefits in the short term, but is inexpedient in the long term

#### Synonyms

* pisse i bukserne for at holde varmen (vulgar)

### References

* “tisse i bukserne for at holde varmen” in Den Danske Ordbog
# Bo'ao
## English
### Alternative forms

* Boao
* Po-ao (Wade–Giles)

### Etymology

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 博鰲 / 博鳌 (Bó'áo).

### Proper noun

Bo'ao
* A town in Qionghai, Hainan, China.
** [1938, Tokyo Gazette‎, volume 2, →OCLC, page 35:On April 16th, a Japanese landing party, covered by warships and aeroplanes, effected a landing at Poao on the eastern coast of Hainan Island in face of the Chinese force and occupied the port.]
** 1988, Susana Salas Frazier, John G. Frazier, et al., “Sea Turtles in Fujian and Guangdong Provinces”, in 两栖爬行行动学报 [Acta Herpetologica Sinica]‎, volume 1, Science Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 37:Beimen beach is just north of Bo'ao port, seaward of the village.
** 2005 January 18, David Barboza, “China's Latest Capitalist Beachhead”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-29, Business‎:And a spectacular international conference center in a resort town called Bo'ao is being promoted as China's answer to Davos, Switzerland, where each January the annual World Economic Forum of business leaders, government officials, activists and intellectuals is held. […] Investors have taken notice. Li Ka-shing, the Hong Kong billionaire, is scouting development projects here. And Citic Pacific, a huge Hong Kong conglomerate, plans to spend hundreds of millions of dollars over the next few years to develop residential and commercial property in Bo'ao.
** 2022 April 21, “China's Xi says international disputes should be resolved via dialogue, not sanctions”, in Voice of America‎, archived from the original on 21 April 2022‎:In this photo released by China's Xinhua News Agency, Chinese president Xi Jinping delivers a speech via video link to the opening ceremony of the Bo'ao Forum For Asia in Bo'ao in southern China's Hainan Province, April 21, 2022.

#### Translations
## French
### Alternative forms

* Boao

### Etymology

Borrowed from Chinese 博鳌 (Bó'áo).

### Proper noun

Bo’ao ?
* Bo'ao (a town in Qionghai, Hainan, China)
# emplaçar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From en- +‎ plaça +‎ -ar. Cognate to Portuguese emplaçar, Spanish emplazar, Italian impiazzare, French emplacer, and English emplace.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əm.pləˈsa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [em.plaˈsaɾ]
* Audio (Central):(file)

### Verb

emplaçar (first-person singular present emplaço, first-person singular preterite emplací, past participle emplaçat)
* to put; to place

#### Derived terms

* emplaçament

### Further reading

* “emplaçar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “emplaçar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “emplaçar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “emplaçar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻
## Old Uyghur
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 褐子 (ɦat̚ t͡sɨX), possibly via Sogdian 𐼘𐼈𐼄𐼊 (rzɣy /⁠(k)arzïɣï⁠/).

### Noun

𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻 (qʾrs /ḳars/)
* (sewing) woolen fabric, cloth used for sewing sacks
    Synonym: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰 (ʾwymʾ /⁠uyma⁠/)
* a kind of rough fabric reminiscent of a felt

#### Declension
### References

* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(1) kars”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 663
* Wilkens, Jens (2021) “kars”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 339
# gimnàstica
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ʒimˈnas.ti.kə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [d͡ʒimˈnas.ti.ka]
* Audio (Central):(file)

### Noun

gimnàstica f (uncountable)
* gymnastics (sport)

#### Related terms

* gimnasta

### Further reading

* gimnàstica on the Catalan Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{ca}$
# subtorrid
## English
### Etymology

From sub- +‎ torrid.

### Adjective

subtorrid (not comparable)
* Somewhat torrid.
    subtorrid regions

### References

* “subtorrid”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# subtranslucent
## English
### Etymology

From sub- +‎ translucent.

### Adjective

subtranslucent (not comparable)
* Imperfectly or somewhat translucent.
    subtranslucent quartz

### References

* “subtranslucent”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# Nàquera
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نَقْرَة (naqra, “excavation, cavity”), from نَقَرَ (naqara, “to strike; to dig into”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈna.kə.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈna.ke.ɾa]

### Proper noun

Nàquera f
* A municipality of the comarca of Camp de Túria, province of Valencia, Autonomous Community of Valencia, in eastern Spain

#### Derived terms

* naquerà

### Further reading

* “Nàquera” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
# Ardrossan
## English
### Proper noun

Ardrossan
* A harbour town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NS2342).
* A hamlet in Strathcona County, Alberta, Canada, named for the town in Scotland.
# Vilella Alta
## Catalan
### Proper noun

la Vilella Alta f
* La Vilella Alta (a village in the comarca of Priorat, province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain)

#### Derived terms

* vilellà de Dalt

#### Related terms

* Vilella Baixa
# intel·ligència
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin intelligentia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [in.təl.liˈʒɛn.si.ə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [in.tel.liˈd͡ʒɛn.si.a]
* Audio (Central):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛnsia

### Noun

intel·ligència f (plural intel·ligències)
* intelligence

#### Derived terms

* intel·ligència artificial
* intel·ligència emocional

#### Related terms

* intel·ligent

### Further reading

* “intel·ligència” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
# マングローブ
## Japanese
### Etymology

From English mangrove.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mã̠ŋɡɯ̟ɾo̞ːbɯ̟]

### Noun

マングローブ • (mangurōbu)
* mangrove
# 𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀
## Old Uyghur
### Alternative forms

* 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽳𐾀 (ywrqwt /⁠yorġut⁠/)
* 𑀬𑁄‌𑀕𑁆𑀭𑁄‌𑀢𑁆 (yo‌gro‌t /⁠yoġrot⁠/)

### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yogrut (“yogurt”). Cognate with Karakhanid يُغْرُتْ (yoğrut).

### Noun

𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽳𐾀 (ywqrwt /yoġrut/)
* (cooking) yogurt, a dairy dish made from curdled milk

#### Descendants

* Western Yugur: joɣurt (yoɣurt)

### References

* Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “yorġurd”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 302
* Wilkens, Jens (2021) “yogrut”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 908
# harassment
## English
### Etymology

From Middle French harassement. By surface analysis, harass +‎ -ment.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /həˈɹæs.mənt/, /ˈhæɹ.əs.mənt/, /-mɪnt/
** See harass for pronunciation note.
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

harassment (countable and uncountable, plural harassments)
* Persistent attacks and criticism causing worry and distress.
* Deliberate pestering or intimidation.
* (military) The use of repeated small-scale attacks to wear down an enemy force.
** 2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 27:22 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?‎, archived from the original on 3 November 2022:Throughout this period, and beyond, into the rest of the battle, aircraft of various types and loadouts are crisscrossing the skies in desperate harassment attacks, with the pilots having to play constant games of "guess the carrier" to decide where to land as escort carriers are hit, sunk, disappear in columns of shell splashes, or are forced to evade at angles to the wind that make landing on them impossible.

#### Synonyms

* torment
* molestation

#### Derived terms

* harassment and interdiction
* sexual harassment
* street harassment
* textual harassment

#### Descendants

* → Russian: хара́ссмент (xarássment)

#### Translations
### References

* “harassment”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
# ורד
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Cognate with Arabic وَرْد (ward, “roses”). Ultimately a Middle Iranian loanword, cognate to Persian گل (gol), and more distantly Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) and Latin rosa (English rose).

### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /ˈveʁed/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

וֶרֶד • (véred) m (plural indefinite וְרָדִים, singular construct ורד־, plural construct וַרְדֵּי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]
* rose

#### Related terms

* ורוד

### Adjective

וָרֹד • (varód)
* defective spelling of ורוד

### Further reading

* ורד on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{he}$

### Anagrams

* דור
# perru
## Asturian
### Etymology

Compare Spanish perro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈperu/ [ˈpe.ru]
* Rhymes: -eru
* Syllabification: pe‧rru

### Noun

perru m (plural perros)
* dog
    Synonym: can

## Leonese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

perru m (plural perros)
* dog

#### Synonyms

* chitu

### References

* AEDLL
* Pallabreiru Llïonés

## Sardinian
### Etymology

From Spanish perro.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈperru/

### Noun

perru m (plural perros, feminine perra, feminine plural perras)
* dog
    Synonym: cane

## Sicilian
### Noun

perru m
* dog
# Studium
## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin studium (“study, university”), 15th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʃtuːdi̯ʊm/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Studium n (strong, genitive Studiums or Studium, plural Studien)
* study (the act of studying in general)
* studies (higher education to get a degree at a university)
* study, examination (the act of looking at and examining minutely)
* (obsolete) university, school
* (obsolete) study (room for working or studying)

#### Usage Notes

* Study in the sense of "academic publication" translates to Studie.

#### Hyponyms

* Alibistudium
* Büffelstudium
* Knochenstudium
* Medizinstudium
* Paukstudium
* Scheinstudium
* Witzstudium

#### Related terms

* studieren
* Studie
* Student, Studentin, Studierender
* Studio

### Further reading

* “Studium” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Studium” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Studium” in Duden online
* Studium on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# 头

| 头 | U+5934, &#22836; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5934 |
| ← 夳 [U+5933] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 夵 → [U+5935] |

## Translingual
### Han character

头 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 難卜大 (XYK) or 卜大 (YK), four-corner 3480$_0$, composition ⿽⺀大)

#### Derived characters

* 𬼣, 𭇚, 𭸃, 𬠁, 𮚷, 𮛓, 𮩠, 𭑎, 𭑛
* 买 (Simplified from 買)
* 卖 (Simplified from 賣)
* 实 (Simplified from 實)

#### Related characters

* 頭 (Traditional form of 头)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 249, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 526, character 2
* Unihan data for U+5934

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Simplified from 頭 from its cursive form, with 豆 (dòu) into ⺀ and 頁 / 页 into 大.

### Definitions

* For pronunciation and definitions of 头 – see 頭 (“head; hair; hairstyle; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 頭).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# улаан
## Buryat
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *hulaxan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʊ.läːn/, [ʊ.lä̟ːɴ̟]
* Hyphenation: у‧лаан

### Adjective

улаан • (ulaan)
* red

#### Declension

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* Улаан-Баатар (Ulaan-Baatar)
* Улаан-Үдэ (Ulaan-Üde)

## Mongolian
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *hulaxan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʊɮaːŋ/, [ʊɮá(ː)ɴ]
* Hyphenation: у‧лаан

### Adjective

улаан • (ulaan) (Mongolian spelling ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ (ulaɣan))
* red

#### Derived terms

* улаан лооль (ulaan loolʹ)
* улаан лууван (ulaan luuvan)
* улаан чинжүү (ulaan činžüü)
* Улаанбаатар (Ulaanbaatar)
# துரோகம்
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit द्रोह (droha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪uɾoːɡam/
* IPA: /d̪uɾoːɡam/
* IPA: /d̪ɾoːham/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

துரோகம் • (turōkam) (plural துரோகங்கள்)
* betrayal, treason
* crime, offense, wrongdoing
    Synonyms: குற்றம் (kuṟṟam), தவறு (tavaṟu)
* infidelity
# normālākā
## Latvian
### Adjective

normālākā
* inflection of normālāks:
** locative masculine/feminine singular
** definite genitive masculine singular
** definite nominative/vocative feminine singular
# Thrithala
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi त्रिताला (tritālā).

### Proper noun

Thrithala
* A village in Pattambi, Palakkad district, Kerala, India
# gyi
## Nkonya
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒi/

### Verb

gyi
* to eat
* to engage in an interpersonal activity involving giving and taking
# Humeník
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦumeɲiːk]

### Proper noun

Humeník m pers (female equivalent Humeníková)
* a male surname originating as an occupation

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Humeník”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# چاپار
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From چاپمق (çapmak, “to run, trot, gallop”).

### Noun

چاپار • (çapar)
* a Persian mounted courier or messenger
    Synonym: اولاق (ulak)

### Adjective

چاپار • (çapar)
* that runs or gallops

#### Derived terms

* چاپارلق (çaparlık)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: çapar
* → Armenian: Չափարյան (Čʻapʻaryan)

### References

* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چاپار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 698

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* چپر (čapar)

### Etymology

A Turkic borrowing: compare Old Anatolian Turkish چپار / چاپار / چپر (çapar), Ottoman Turkish چاپار (çapar), Azerbaijani çapar. Ultimately from the root underlying Ottoman Turkish چاپمق (çapmak), Azerbaijani çapmaq.
Also from Turkic (directly or via Persian): Middle Armenian չափառ (čʻapʻaṙ), Armenian Չափարյան (Čʻapʻaryan), Georgian ჩაფარი (čapari), Ossetian чапар (ḱapar), Avar чапар (čapar), Lezgi чапар (čapar), Lak чапар (čapar).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [t͡ʃɑː.ˈpɑːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t͡ʃʰɑː.pʰɑ́ːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t͡ʃʰɔː.pʰɔ́ːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t͡ʃʰɒː.pʰɒ́ːɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t͡ʃʰɔ.pʰɔ́ɾ]

### Noun

چاپار • (čâpâr)
* post, mail
    Synonyms: برید (barid), پست (post)
* runner, mounted messenger, courier
    Synonyms: برید (barid), پیک (peyk), قاصد (qâsed), نامه‌بر (nâme-bar), نامه‌رسان (nâme-rasân), نامه‌آور (nâme-âvar), چاپارچی (čâpârči), خط‌کشان (xat-kašân)

#### Derived terms

* چاپارچی (čâpârči, “runner, mounted messenger, courier”)
* چاپارچی‌باشی (čâpârči-bâši, “head courier”)
* چاپارخانه (čâpârxâne, “post office”)

#### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎ (in German), volume 2, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1033, pages 12–13
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21)‎ (in German), volume 4, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1033, page 452
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “چاپار”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
# billyhood
## English
### Noun

billyhood (uncountable)
* (obsolete, slang) brotherhood
** 1818, James Hogg, Continuation of The brownie of Bodsbeck. The wool-gatherer. The hunt of Eildon‎, page 31:Any man will stand py me when I am in te right, put wit a phrother I must always pe in te right.” “Od, man,” quo' I, “that's a stretch of billyhood that I was never up to afore.
** 1912, John Stephen Farmer, William Ernest Henley, A Dictionary of Slang and Colloquial English‎, page 45:8. A brother ; hence Billyhood
# die laughing
## English
### Verb

die laughing (third-person singular simple present dies laughing, present participle dying laughing, simple past and past participle died laughing)
* (informal) To laugh uproariously.
* Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see die,‎ laughing.