# artificial
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English artificial (“man-made”) via Old French (modern French artificiel), from Latin artificiālis from artificium (“skill”), from artifex, from ars (“skill”), and -fex, from facere (“to make”). Displaced native Old English cræftlīċ.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: ä(r)təfĭsh'əl, IPA: /ˌɑː(ɹ).təˈfɪʃ.əl/
** (Received Pronunciation) IPA: [ˌɑːɹtɪˈfɪʃl]
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪʃəl

### Adjective

artificial (comparative more artificial, superlative most artificial)
* Man-made; made by humans; of artifice.
    The flowers were artificial, and he thought them rather tacky.
** 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine. But they are nothing like as efficient, and can cause bleeding, clotting and infection—not to mention inconvenience for patients, who typically need to be hooked up to one three times a week for hours at a time.
* Insincere; fake, forced, or feigned.
    Her manner was somewhat artificial.
* Not natural or normal: imposed arbitrarily or without regard to the specifics or normal circumstances of a person, a situation, etc.
** 1990 February 19, Peter Burnham, The Political Economy of Postwar Reconstruction, Springer, →ISBN, page 73:This results in an artificial conflation of the individual crises experienced by Western European states and leads to imprecise judgements on the impact of Marshall. This confusing conflation is not simply the product of retrospection.
** 2002 May 9, Maxine Berg, Pat Hudson, Michael Sonenscher, Manufacture in Town and Country Before the Factory, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35:[If] the economic literature of the eighteenth century is examined in terms other than the narrow categories of free trade and protection, the artificial division between the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries would break down .
** 2016 November 10, Gabriele Lakomski, Scott Eacott, Colin W. Evers, Questioning Leadership: New directions for educational organisations, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 156:In Alberta, for example, policy documents reinforce an artificial distinction between leadership-related activity and management.
** 2017 July 12, A. Javier Trevino, The Sociology of Law: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives, Routledge, →ISBN:The method of suppression is generally either an artificial conflation of public and private, in which the public is represented as private, or an artificial separation of public from private, which distracts attention from the public […]
* (bridge) Conveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand.
    Synonym: conventional
    Antonym: natural
** 1999, Edwin B. Kantar, Eddie Kantar Teaches Advanced Bridge Defense, page 191:An artificial bid doesn't necessarily show length in the suit being bid, it has an altogether different meaning.
** 2008, David Galt, Teach Yourself Visually Bridge, page 219:North makes an artificial call of 3♧, the cheapest suit at the 3 level, to show a very poor hand. What North holds in clubs doesn't matter at all.

#### Synonyms

* artificious, factitious.

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “unnatural”): natural

#### Derived terms

* artificial abortion
* artificial anus
* artificial art
* artificial bee colony
* artificial consciousness
* artificial dumbness
* artificial element
* artificial florist
* artificial general intelligence
* artificial grammar learning
* artificial horizon
* artificial ice
* artificial idiocy
* artificial immune system
* artificial incompetence
* artificial insemination
* artificial intelligence
* artificialism
* artificialist
* artificiality
* artificialization
* artificialize
* artificial kidney
* artificial language
* artificial life
* artificially
* artificialness
* artificial person
* artificial respiration
* artificial rice
* artificial scarcity
* artificial script
* artificial selection
* artificial stupidity
* artificial superintelligence
* artificial sweetener
* artificial tear
* artificial tear drop
* artificial turf
* artificial unintelligence
* artilect
* bioartificial
* inartificial
* nonartificial
* overartificial
* semiartificial
* unartificial

#### Related terms

* artifact
* artifice
* artificer

#### Descendants

* → Welsh: artiffisial

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* fake

### References

* “artificial”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* artificial in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “artificial”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

## Aragonese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin artificiālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɾtifiˈθjal/
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: ar‧ti‧fi‧cial

### Adjective

artificial (plural artificials)
* artificial

#### Derived terms

* intelichencia artificial

### References

* “artificial”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Latin artificiālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɾtifiˈθjal/ [aɾ.t̪i.fiˈθjal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: ar‧ti‧fi‧cial

### Adjective

artificial (epicene, plural artificiales)
* artificial

#### Related terms

* artificiu

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin artificiālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ər.ti.fi.siˈal]
* IPA: (Valencia) [aɾ.ti.fi.siˈal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Hyphenation: ar‧ti‧fi‧ci‧al

### Adjective

artificial m or f (masculine and feminine plural artificials)
* artificial
    Antonym: natural

#### Derived terms

* artificialment
* intel·ligència artificial
* selecció artificial

#### Related terms

* artifici

### Further reading

* “artificial” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin artificiālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɾtifiˈθjal/ [aɾ.t̪i.fiˈθjɑɫ]
* IPA: (standard) /aɾtifiˈθjal/ [aɾ.t̪i.fiˈθjɑɫ]
* IPA: (seseo) /aɾtifiˈsjal/ [aɾ.t̪i.fiˈsjɑɫ]
* Rhymes: -al
* Hyphenation: ar‧ti‧fi‧cial

### Adjective

artificial m or f (plural artificiais)
* artificial

#### Derived terms

* artificialmente

#### Related terms

* artificio

#### Further reading

* “artificial”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin artificiālis.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Languedoc):(file)

### Adjective

artificial m (feminine singular artificiala, masculine plural artificials, feminine plural artificialas)
* artificial

#### Derived terms

* artificialament

#### Related terms

* artifici

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin artificiālis.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /aʁ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaw/ [ah.t͡ʃi.fi.sɪˈaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /aʁ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaw/ [ah.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaʊ̯]
* (Brazil) IPA: /aʁ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaw/ [ah.t͡ʃi.fi.sɪˈaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /aʁ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaw/ [ah.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaʊ̯]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /aɾ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaw/ [aɾ.t͡ʃi.fi.sɪˈaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /aɾ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaw/ [aɾ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaʊ̯]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /aʁ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaw/ [aχ.t͡ʃi.fi.sɪˈaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /aʁ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaw/ [aχ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaʊ̯]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /aɻ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaw/ [aɻ.t͡ʃi.fi.sɪˈaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /aɻ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaw/ [aɻ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaʊ̯]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐɾ.ti.fiˈsjal/ [ɐɾ.ti.fiˈsjaɫ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐɾ.ti.fiˈsjal/ [ɐɾ.ti.fiˈsjaɫ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɐɾ.ti.fiˈsja.li/
* Audio (Brazil):(file)
* Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
* Hyphenation: ar‧ti‧fi‧ci‧al

### Adjective

artificial m or f (plural artificiais)
* artificial

#### Derived terms

* ânus artificial
* artificialidade
* artificialismo
* artificialista
* artificialmente
* inseminação artificial
* inteligência artificial
* seleção artificial

#### Related terms

* artifício
* artificioso

### Further reading

* “artificial”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French artificiel, from Latin artificialis. By surface analysis, artificiu +‎ -al.

### Adjective

artificial m or n (feminine singular artificială, masculine plural artificiali, feminine and neuter plural artificiale)
* artificial

#### Related terms

* artificializa

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin artificiālis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /aɾtifiˈθjal/ [aɾ.t̪i.fiˈθjal]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /aɾtifiˈsjal/ [aɾ.t̪i.fiˈsjal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: ar‧ti‧fi‧cial

### Adjective

artificial m or f (masculine and feminine plural artificiales)
* artificial
    Antonym: natural

#### Derived terms

* artificialidad
* artificialmente
* fuego artificial
* innivación artificial
* inseminación artificial
* inteligencia artificial
* respiración artificial

#### Related terms

* artificio
* artificioso

### Further reading

* “artificial”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10