# mind
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English minde, münde, ȝemünde, from Old English ġemynd (“memory”), from Proto-West Germanic *mundi, *gamundi, from Proto-Germanic *mundiz, *gamundiz (“memory, remembrance”), from Proto-Indo-European *méntis (“thought”) (compare also mantis, via Greek), from the root *men- (“to think”).
Cognate with Old High German gimunt (“mind, memory”), Danish minde (“memory”), Swedish minne (“memory”), Icelandic minni (“memory, recall, recollection”), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (munds, “memory, mind”), Latin mēns (“mind, reason”), Sanskrit मनस् (mánas), Ancient Greek μένος (ménos), Albanian mënd (“mind, reason”). Doublet of mantra. Related to Old English myntan (“to mean, intend, purpose, determine, resolve”). More at mint.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: mīnd, IPA: /maɪnd/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* Homophone: mined
* Rhymes: -aɪnd

### Noun

mind (countable and uncountable, plural minds)
* The capability for rational thought.
    Despite advancing age, his mind was still as sharp as ever.
** 1576, George Whetstone, “The Ortchard of Repentance: […]”, in The Rocke of Regard, […], London: […] [H. Middleton] for Robert Waley, →OCLC; republished in J[ohn] P[ayne] Collier, editor, The Rocke of Regard, […] (Illustrations of Early English Poetry; vol. 2, no. 2), London: Privately printed, [1867?], →OCLC, page 291:And ſure, although it was invented to eaſe his mynde of griefe, there be a number of caveats therein to forewarne other young gentlemen to foreſtand with good government their folowing yl fortunes; […]
** 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:“ […] it is not fair of you to bring against mankind double weapons ! Dangerous enough you are as woman alone, without bringing to your aid those gifts of mind suited to problems which men have been accustomed to arrogate to themselves.”
* The ability to be aware of things.
    There was no doubt in his mind that they would win.
* The ability to remember things.
    My mind just went blank.
* The ability to focus the thoughts.
    I can’t keep my mind on what I’m doing.
* Somebody that embodies certain mental qualities.
    He was one of history’s greatest minds.
** 1956, Allen Ginsberg, “Howl”, in Howl and Other Poems (Pocket Poets Series), City Lights Books, →OCLC, page 9:I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked, […]
** 2022 November 16, Christian Wolmar, “Can Merriman use his rail knowledge to make a difference?”, in RAIL, number 970, page 45:That's far from the promised land set out in the Williams-Shapps Plan for Rail, that the railways would have a guiding mind that would be in control of the industry's finances. Businesses have what is called a profit and loss account, showing both revenue and costs, but the current situation means that the two sides of the system are in different hands - and neither is (as yet) in the hands of a 'guiding mind'.
* Judgment, opinion, or view.
    He changed his mind after hearing the speech.
* Desire, inclination, or intention.
    She had a mind to go to Paris.
    I have half a mind to do it myself.
    I am of a mind to listen.
** c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 64, lines 94–99:I fortuned to come in, Thys rebell to behold, Whereof I hym controld; But he sayde that he wolde Agaynst my mynde and wyll In my church hawke styll.
** 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities:Although Miss Pross, through her long association with a French family, might have known as much of their language as of her own, if she had had a mind, she had no mind in that direction […] So her manner of marketing was to plump a noun-substantive at the head of a shopkeeper without any introduction in the nature of an article […]
* A healthy mental state.
    I, ______ being of sound mind and body, do hereby […]
    You are losing your mind.
* (philosophy) The non-material substance or set of processes in which consciousness, perception, affectivity, judgement, thinking, and will are based.
    The nature of the mind is a major topic in philosophy.
** 1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations‎:Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.
** 1854, Samuel Knaggs, Unsoundness of Mind Considered in Relation to the Question of Responsibility for Criminal Acts, page 19:The mind is that part of our being which thinks and wills, remembers and reasons; we know nothing of it except from these functions.
** 1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:Thus they dwelled for nearly a year, and in that time Robin Hood often turned over in his mind many means of making an even score with the Sheriff.
** 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:[…] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.
* Continual prayer on a dead person's behalf for a period after their death.
    a month's [or monthly] mind; a year's mind
* (uncountable) Attention, consideration or thought.
** 1849, Eliza Cook, Eliza Cook’s Journal,p.119, volume 1:They are the “tars” who give mind to the spreading sail, and their bold courage is the pabulum which will preserve our sea-girt isle in its vernal green to furthest posterity.
** 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:Then he, having mind of Beelzebub, the god of flies, fled without a halt homewards; but, falling in the coo's loan, broke two ribs and a collar bone, the whilk misfortune was much blessed to his soul.
** 2014, Jolie O'Dell, Blogging for Photographers, page 66:If you get a “trolling” comment, delete it, do not respond to it, and move forward immediately without paying any further mind.

#### Synonyms

* (ability for rational thought): brain(s), head, intellect, intelligence, nous, psyche, reason, wit; See also Thesaurus:intelligence
* (ability to be aware of things): awareness, consciousness, sentience; See also Thesaurus:awareness
* (ability to remember things): memory, recollection; See also Thesaurus:recollection
* (ability to focus the thoughts): attention, concentration, focus
* (somebody that embodies certain mental qualities): genius, intellectual, thinker; See also Thesaurus:genius
* (judgment, opinion, or view): judgment, judgement, idea, opinion, view; See also Thesaurus:judgement
* (desire, inclination, or intention): desire, disposition, idea, inclination, intention, mood; See also Thesaurus:desire or Thesaurus:intention
* (healthy mental state): sanity; See also Thesaurus:sanity
* (process of): cognition, learning

#### Derived terms

* absence of mind
* absent-minded
* a contented mind is a perpetual feast
* aftermind
* a healthy body is a healthy mind
* amind
* a mind is a terrible thing to waste
* back of one's mind
* badmind, bad mind
* bear in mind
* bemind
* beminded
* be of one mind
* bicameral mind
* big mind
* blow someone's mind
* bodymind
* bored out of one's mind
* breadth of mind
* bring to mind
* call to mind
* cast one's mind back
* change of mind
* change one's mind
* change someone's mind
* childmind
* closed-mindedly, close-mindedly
* close one's mind
* come to mind
* cross someone's mind
* digital mind
* dirty mind
* double-minded
* ease one's mind
* enmind
* foremind
* frame of mind
* front of mind
* get one's mind out of the gutter
* give someone a piece of one's mind
* good-minded
* great minds think alike
* groupmind
* habit of mind
* half a mind
* have a good mind to
* have a mind like a sieve
* have a mind of one's own
* have a mind to
* have in mind
* have one's mind about one
* hivemind, hive mind
* in mind
* in one's right mind
* in two minds
* Jedi mind trick
* keep in mind
* know one's mind, know one's own mind
* lack-mind
* leap to mind
* legend in one's own mind
* like-minded
* live rent-free in someone's mind
* lose one's mind
* make up one's mind
* mastermind
* meeting of the minds
* megamind
* mind-altering
* mindbender
* mind-bending
* mind bleach
* mindblow
* mindblower
* mind-blowing
* mindblown
* mind-body
* mind-boggler, mind boggler
* mindboggling
* mindbogglingly
* mind-boggling, mind boggling
* mind break
* mind candy
* mind-control, mind control
* mind cure
* minder
* mind eraser
* mind-expanding
* mindflow
* mind-frying
* mindfuckery, mind-fuckery
* mindfuck, mind fuck
* mindful
* mind game
* mindgasm
* mind-healing
* mindhood
* mindism
* mindist
* mindless
* mindlike
* mind like a sieve
* mind like a steel trap
* mindlock
* mindly
* mind map
* mind mapper
* mind-meld, mind meld
* mind-muscle connection
* mind-numbing
* mind over matter
* mind palace
* mindpower
* mind rape
* mind-reader, mind reader
* mind-reading, mind reading
* mindread, mind-read
* mind rhyme
* mindscape
* mindscrew
* mind's ear
* mindset
* mind's eye
* mindshare, mind share
* mindsight
* mindstate
* mindstep
* mindstream
* mindstyle
* mindswap
* mindswapping
* mindtool
* mindware
* mindwipe
* month mind, month's mind
* nethermind
* not pay any mind
* of a mind
* off-minded
* of one mind
* of two minds
* one-track mind, one track mind
* on one's mind, on someone's mind
* open mind
* open one's mind
* out of one's cotton-picking mind
* out of one's mind
* out of sight is out of mind
* out of sight, out of mind
* out one's mind
* overmind
* pay no mind
* peace of mind
* philosophy of mind
* presence of mind
* put in mind
* put one's mind to it
* put out of one's mind
* put someone in mind of
* reactive mind
* read someone's mind
* right-minded
* same-minded
* scare someone out of their mind
* slip someone's mind
* speak one's mind
* spring to mind
* state of mind
* submind
* supermind
* the mind boggles
* theory of mind
* time out of mind, times out of mind
* to one's mind
* top-of-mind awareness, top of mind awareness
* top-of-mind, top of mind
* twelvemonth mind, twelvemonth's mind
* undermind
* universal mind
* ur-mind
* weight off someone's mind
* what's on your mind
* woke mind virus
* wrap one's mind around
* year mind, year's mind

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: マインド (maindo)
* → Malay: minda

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

mind (third-person singular simple present minds, present participle minding, simple past and past participle minded)
* To bring or recall to mind; to remember; bear or keep in mind.
** 1878, Robert Browning, La Saisiaz, line 70:Mind to-morrow's early meeting!
* (now regional) To remember. [from 14th c.]
** 1896, A. E. Housman, A Shropshire Lad, XXXVII, lines 25-26:
    The land where I shall mind you not / Is the land where all's forgot.
* (obsolete or dialectal) To remind; put one's mind on.
** 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:Farewell, kind lord; fight valiantly to-day: / And yet I do thee wrong to mind thee of it, / For thou art framed of the firm truth of valour.
** c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:Let me be punished, that have minded you Of what you should forget.
** 1684-1690, Thomas Burnet, The Sacred Theory of the Earth
    I desire to mind those persons of what Saint Austin hath said.
** 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC:This minds me of a cobbling colonel of famous memory.
** 1689, John Locke, “Of True and False Ideas”, in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding:I shall only mind him, that the contrary supposition, if it could be proved, is of little use.
** 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):He minded them of the mutability of all earthly things.
* To turn one's mind to; to observe; to notice.
** 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:Here comes a spirit of his, and to torment me / For bringing wood in slowly. I'll fall flat; / Perchance he will not mind me.
* To regard with attention; to treat as of consequence.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 12:16:Be of the same mind one toward another. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Be not wise in your own conceits.
** 1907 E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Part I, V [Uniform ed., p. 63]:
    It's the worst thing that can ever happen to you in all your life, and you've got to mind it—you've got to mind it. They'll come saying, 'Bear up—trust to time.' No, no; they're wrong. Mind it.
* (chiefly imperative) To pay attention or heed to so as to obey; hence to obey; to make sure, to take care (that). [from 17th c.]
    Mind you don't knock that glass over.
* (now rare except in phrases) To pay attention to, in the sense of occupying one's mind with, to heed. [from 15th c.]
    You should mind your own business.
** c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:My lord, you nod: you do not mind the play.
** 1712, Joseph Addison, Spectator, No. 383 (May 20, 1710:
    Upon my coming down, I found all the Children of the Family got about my old Friend, and my Landlady herself, who is a notable prating Gossip, engaged in a Conference with him; being mightily pleased with his stroaking her little Boy upon the Head, and bidding him be a good Child and mind his Book.
** 2000, George R.R. Martin, A Storm of Swords, Bantam, published 2011, page 84:Should you ever have a son, Sansa, beat him frequently so he learns to mind you.
* To look after, to take care of, especially for a short period of time. [from 17th c.]
    Would you mind my bag for me?
* To be careful about. [from 18th c.]
** 2005, Gillie Bolton, Reflective Practice: Writing And Professional Development, →ISBN, page xv:Bank Underground Station, London, is built on a curve, leaving a potentially dangerous gap between platform and carriage to trap the unwary. The loudspeaker voice instructs passengers to "Mind the gap": the boundary between train and platform.
* (now obsolete outside dialect) To purpose, intend, plan.
** c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:I mind to tell him plainly what I think.
** 1885–1888, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments, now Entituled The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume (please specify the volume), [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC:[…] and if ever I refused to do his bidding or loitered or took my leisure he beat me with his feet more grievously than if I had been beaten with whips. He ceased not to signal with his hand wherever he was minded to go; so I carried him about the island, like a captive slave, and he bepissed and conskited my shoulders and back, dismounting not night nor day; and whenas he wished to sleep he wound his legs about his neck and leaned back and slept awhile, then arose and beat me; whereupon I sprang up in haste, unable to gainsay him because of the pain he inflicted on me.
* (UK, Ireland) Take note; used to point out an exception or caveat.
    I'm not very healthy. I do eat fruit sometimes, mind.
* (originally and chiefly in negative or interrogative constructions) To dislike, to object to; to be bothered by. [from 16th c.]
    I wouldn't mind an ice cream right now.
    Do you mind if I smoke?

#### Conjugation

$^†$ Archaic or obsolete.

#### Synonyms

* (remember): See also Thesaurus:remember
* (dislike): See also Thesaurus:dislike
* (pay attention to): heed; See also Thesaurus:pay attention
* (look after): See also Thesaurus:care

#### Derived terms

* childmind
* don't mind if I do
* do you mind
* foremind
* if you don't mind me saying
* minder
* mind how you go
* mind one's business
* mind one's language
* mind one's own business, beeswax
* mind one's peas and cues
* mind one's pees and cues
* mind one's pees and ques
* mind one's ps and qs
* mind one's P's and Q's
* mind out
* mind the gap
* mind the store, shop
* mind you
* mind your eye
* never mind
* nevermind
* never you mind
* remind
* unmind
* would you mind putting on your seat belt

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: mind, MIND

#### Translations
### See also

* mind on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Chinese
### Alternative forms

* MIND

### Etymology

Borrowed from English mind.

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): maai$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maai$^1$
*** Yale: māai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːi̯⁵⁵/

### Verb

mind
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) to mind; to care about
    From: 2016 June 2, Oriental Daily News, 《杜如風恨畀梁朝偉抽水：我唔Mind》
    taa$^1$ zik$^1$ syut$^3$: “Ngo$^5$ deoi$^3$ ni$^1$ go$^3$ jan$^4$ No comment. (gok$^3$ dak$^1$ keoi$^5$ cau$^1$ nei$^5$ seoi$^2$?) No comment, dim$^2$ gaai$^2$ nei$^5$ dei$^6$ m$^4$ waa$^6$ wan$^2$ loeng$^4$ ciu$^4$ wai$^5$ tung$^4$ ngo$^5$ hap$^6$ zok$^3$, ngo$^5$ m$^4$ paa$^3$, jik$^6$ dou$^1$ hou$^2$ hei$^1$ mong$^6$ loeng$^4$ ciu$^4$ wai$^5$ cau$^1$ ngo$^5$ seoi$^2$, keoi$^5$ dim$^2$ cau$^1$ ngo$^5$ dou$^1$ m$^4$ maai$^1$.” [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* Bolton, Kingsley, Hutton, Christopher (2005) A Dictionary of Cantonese Slang: The Language of Hong Kong Movies, Street Gangs and City Life, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 276

## Danish
### Verb

mind
* imperative of minde

## Estonian
### Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Pronoun

mind
* partitive singular of mina

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Presumably from mi? (“what?”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmind]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ind

### Pronoun

mind
* all of it, all of them, each of them (grammatically singular)
    Synonyms: mindegyikük, mindegyik, az összes
    Mind(et) megettem. ― I ate all of it.
    A fogaim nem jók, de még mind megvan. ― My teeth are not perfect, but I still have all of them.

#### Usage notes

When the pronoun mind (“all”) is the object, it is a definite object: mindet megnézem (“I’ll have a look at all [of them]”). On the other hand, the pronoun minden (“everything”) is indefinite as an object: mindent megnézek (“I’ll have a look at everything”).

#### Declension

Some of its possessive forms (single possession with plural possessor) are possible in the partitive sense (“all of us​/​you​/​them”):
(See also a list of partitive pronoun forms.)
The possessive sense can be expressed with minden.

### Adverb

mind (not comparable)
* with everyone, all (usually of persons)
    Synonyms: mindnyájan, mindannyian
    Mind összegyűltek a ház előtt. ― They all gathered in front of the house.
* (formal) increasingly (used with comparative form)
    Synonym: egyre
    Mind nagyobb igény van erre a szolgáltatásra. ― There is more and more demand for this service.
* (up) until…, up to… (used with -ig; not (until) sooner than a given point in time)
    Synonym: egészen
    mind a mai napig ― (up) to this (very) day
    (Note: Most other phrases with this meaning are written without a space: mindaddig, mindeddig, mindmáig, mindmostanáig, mindvégig)

#### Derived terms

* minden
* mindig
* mind-mind
* mindaddig
* mindamellett
* mindannyi
* mindaz
* mindazon
* mindeddig
* mindegy
* mindegyik
* mindez
* mindhárom
* mindinkább
* mindjárt
* mindjobban
* mindkét, mindkettő
* mindmáig
* mindmostanáig
* mindnyájan
* mindörökké
* mindössze
* minduntalan
* mindvégig
* egyszersmind
* nem mind arany, ami fénylik

### Conjunction

mind
* (formal) both... and..., as well as
    Synonym: is
    mind a magánéletben, mind a munkában ― both in private life and in work

### See also

$^1$ Semhogy and semmint are conjunctions meaning “(rather) than”, “before” (as in inkább meghal, semhogy… ― he'll rather die than…). $^2$ Valamint is now only used in the sense of “as well as” in enumerations. $^3$ Mindeddig/-addig mean “up until this/that point” (= egészen eddig/addig). Csak following relative pronouns expresses “-ever”, e.g. aki csak (“whoever”); is after “any” pronouns emphasizes “no matter”: akármit is (“no matter what”).

### References

* ↑ mind in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* (pronoun & adverb): mind in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (conjunction): mind in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *mandu (“mark, sign, spot”), cognate to Welsh man (“spot”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mʲin͈d/

### Noun

mind n (nominative plural mind)
* A symbol indicating honour or rank; a crown, insignia, emblem

#### Inflection

The genitive of this term is unexpectedly poorly attested. Its genitive plural mind is akin to a neuter o-stem, leading to DIL listing it as such. Unlike most u-stems, the declension never has the stem vowel i lowering to e even where it is expected.
* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: mionn
* Scottish Gaelic: mionn

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mendu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 264-265

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 mind, minn”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scots
### Etymology

From Old English ġemynd, from Proto-Germanic *gamundiz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɑend/

### Noun

mind (plural minds)
* memory, recollection.
* mind.

### Verb

mind (third-person singular simple present minds, present participle mindin, simple past mindit, past participle mindit)
* To remember.
* To remind.
* To mind, care.