# na
## Translingual
### Symbol

na
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Nauruan.

## English

* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɑː/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː

### Etymology 1

From Middle English na, from Old English nā, from Old English ne (“not”) + ā (“ever”). More at no.

#### Adverb

na (not comparable)
* (obsolete) Not.
* (obsolete) No.

### Etymology 2

Development of Etymology 1, above; compare nah.

#### Interjection

na
* (Geordie, Scotland) No.
    Na, yor wrang.
    Na, ye cannet watch telly.
    “Divn’t yee like milk?” “Na.”

#### References

* Frank Graham, editor (1987), “NA”, in The New Geordie Dictionary, Rothbury, Northumberland: Butler Publishing, →ISBN.
* Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “na”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

na
* (linguistics) Abbreviation of noun animate.

### Etymology 4

Borrowed from Tagalog na.

#### Adverb

na (not comparable)
* (Philippines, slang) Now; already.
    You need to sleep na.
    I have to go na.

### Etymology 5

Borrowed from Hindi ना (nā).

#### Adverb

na (not comparable)
* (North India, slang) Isn't it?
    It is far na?

### See also

* nad
* ni
* nid
* nah
* na-na
* na-na na-na boo-boo
* na-adjective

### Anagrams

* -an, A/N, AN, An, a(n), an, an', an-

## Acehnese
### Verb

na
* to be (exist)

#### Derived terms

* nakeuh
* hana

## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *nō̆s (“we”).

### Pronoun

na
* (Gheg) we

#### Alternative forms

* ne, në

## 'Are'are
### Article

na
* the

### References

* Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

## Asturian
### Etymology

From a contraction of the preposition en (“in”) + feminine singular article la (“the”).

### Contraction

na f (masculine nel, neuter no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nes)
* in the

## Bambara
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [náà]

#### Noun

na
* stew

### Etymology 2
#### Particle

na (tone nà)
* auxiliary marker for future tense
    sini, i bɛ na taa sugu jɔYou will go to the market tomorrow

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Bikol Central
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/ [n̪a]

### Adverb

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)
* already
    Naghali na po siya sa harong.S/he already left the house.
* yet (only in questions)
    Tapos ka na?Are you finished yet?
* anymore
    Dai na niya kayang tioson.S/he can't endure it anymore.

### Particle

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)
* connects consonant ending noun or adjective to a noun or adjective that it modifies
    Synonym: -ng
    Bilog na bulan ― Whole month

### Phrase

na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)
* about to; bound to
    Madya na, mapuon na kita.Come on, we're about to start.

## Blagar
### Etymology

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Zia na.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɑ/

### Pronoun

na
* I

### Noun

na
* thing

### References

* H. Steinhauer, "Going" and "Coming" in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura--Alor--Indonesia) (1977)
* W. A. L. Stokhof, Preliminary notes on the Alor and Pantar languages (East Indonesia) (1975)
* A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1

## Cameroon Pidgin
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/

### Predicative

na
* copula for nouns and adjectives
** 2019 November 19, Kimzy K-Buoy (lyrics and music), “Flex”‎, 0:57–0:59:MUSIC NA THE KEY SO I NODI PLAYMusic is the key so I am not engaging in play.
* a topic marker introducing a clause to lay focus on a subject
** 2019 November 19, Kimzy K-Buoy (lyrics and music), “Flex”‎, 1:39–1:42:I go make you number one for ma list because Na you be the hardestI will make you the number one of my list by reason that, behold, you are the hardest.

## Catalan
### Etymology

From the final syllable of Latin domina (“Lady”).

### Pronunciation

* (Central) IPA: /nə/
* (Valencia) IPA: /na/

### Article

na f sg (elided n', masculine en)
* (Eastern) personal article used before feminine given names instead of the definite article la
    En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.

#### Usage notes

* While this article (and its masculine counterpart en) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article les is used in all dialects.

#### Related terms

* dona

## Cavineña
### Noun

na
* root of ena

### References

* Antoine Guillaume, A Grammar of Cavineña (2008, →ISBN

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈna/ [ˈn̪a]

### Adverb

na (Badlit spelling ᜈ)
* (after an adjective) marks that something is already the case when it wasn't so before; is now
    Antonym: pa
    puti na ang balaythe house is now colored white
    lahi na ang panahon karonthings are now different these days
* (after verb in the inchoative aspect) marks verb as completed; have, already (perfect aspect)
    niadto na siya ― he has gone out already
** (+ negator "wala") indicates that an ongoing action has stopped or no longer happening; not anymore
    wala na siya nikaon ― he did not eat anymore
* (after verb in the prospective aspect) marks something that will happen very soon; about to
    moadto na siya ― he is about to go out
** (+ negator "dili") indicates that an anticipated or habitual action is discontinued; will not ... anymore
    dili na siya moinom ― he does not drink (alcohol) anymore

### Adjective

na (Badlit spelling ᜈ)
* (after pronouns or names) indicates a shift in the performance of a task to the person as mentioned
    Antonym: pa
    ikaw na ― it's your turn
    si Tonyo na ― it's Tonyo's turn

#### Derived terms

* adto na ko
* adto na mi
* ari na ko
* ari na mi
* na lang
* na man
* na pud
* na sad
* unsa na

### References

* ↑ encompasses the complete and progressive aspects: the mi-, nag-, gi- form

## Central Huasteca Nahuatl
### Pronoun

na
* I

## Chavacano
### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese na, contraction of em a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/, [na]

### Preposition

na
* indirect object marker: to
    Ya dale yo todos na mi amigo. ― I gave everything to my friend.
* used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; on; at
    Na Ciudad de Zamboanga ele nacido. ― He/she was born in Zamboanga City.
* used to refer toward a location of something or some action: to; toward
* used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
* used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech na, from Proto-Slavic *na.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈna]
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

na
* on, onto (direction, + accusative case)
    Dej skleničku na stůl. ― Put the glass on the table.
* on (location, + locative case)
    Sklenička je na stole. ― The glass is on the table.
* to (direction, + accusative case, used only with certain places (do + genitive is more common))
    Jdeme na poštu. ― We're going to the post office.
* at, in (location, + locative case, used only with certain places (v is more common))
    Jsme na poště. ― We're at the post office.
* for (purpose, + accusative case)
    Ty nůžky nejsou na hraní. ― The scissors are not for playing with.
* at (in the direction of, + accusative case)
    Nekřič na mě! ― Don't yell at me!

### Further reading

* “na”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “na”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dalmatian
### Etymology

From Latin nōn.

### Adverb

na
* no
* not

#### Related terms

* naun
* non

## Domari
### Etymology

From Sanskrit नव (nava).

### Numeral

na
* (Aleppo, cardinal number) nine

### References

* Bruno Herin (2012) “The Domari Language of Aleppo (Syria)”, in Linguistic Discovery‎, volume 10, number 2, →DOI

## Drung
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ.

### Pronoun

na
* you (sg.)

### References

* Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎, Santa Barbara: University of California

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: na
* Rhymes: -aː

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch na, from Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhw, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.

#### Preposition

na
* after
    Antonym: voor
* (op ... na, with a cardinal number) bar, except Used to form ordinal numbers in relation to a superlative quality. The number that is used is 1 lower than in the English translation.
    Brazilië is met zijn 8,5 miljoen vierkante kilometer het grootste land van Zuid-Amerika en het op vier na grootste ter wereld.With its 8.5 million square kilometers, Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest in the world.
    Naast dat de toonladder een kenmerkend gegeven is, zijn er ook bepaalde tonen, die een speciale rol hebben, zoals de vadi en de samvadi, respectievelijk: de belangrijkste en de op een na belangrijkste toon.Next to [the fact] that the musical scale is a characteristic datum, there are also certain tones that have a special role, such as the vadi and the samvadi: respectively the most important and second most important tones.

##### Derived terms

* daarna
* nabloei
* nadat
* nadien
* nageslacht
* nakomeling
* nalaten
* naoorlogs
* nastreven
* navolging
* waarna
* nabakken
* nabauwen
* nabellen
* nabeschouwen
* nabestellen
* nabetalen
* nabewerken
* nablaffen
* nablazen
* nablijven
* nablikken
* nabloeden
* nabloeien
* nablussen
* nabootsen
* nabouwen
* nabranden
* nabrengen
* nabruisen
* nabrullen
* nachecken
* nadenken
* nadoen
* nadraaien
* nadragen
* nadraven
* nadreunen
* nadruppelen
* naduiden
* nadweilen
* nafietsen
* nafladderen
* nafluisteren
* nafluiten
* nagaan
* nagalmen
* nagapen
* nageven
* naglijden
* naglimmen
* nagloeien
* nagloren
* nagluren
* nagonzen
* nagooien
* nahaken
* nahijgen
* nahinken
* nahollen
* nahuilen
* najagen
* najanken
* najoelen
* najouwen
* najubelen
* najuichen
* nakaarten
* nakaatsen
* nakakelen
* nakalken
* nakauwen
* nakeffen
* nakijken
* naklagen
* naklauteren
* nakletsen
* nakleuren
* naklimmen
* naklinken
* nakloppen
* nakluiven
* nakomen
* nakraaien
* nakrijgen
* nakrijsen
* nakruipen
* nakuieren
* nakwaken
* nalachen
* nalaten
* naleven
* nalezen
* nalichten
* naliegen
* naloeren
* nalopen
* naluiden
* naluisteren
* namaken
* namalen
* nameten
* namijmeren
* namompelen
* naogen
* naoogsten
* napalen
* napassen
* napersen
* napiepen
* napitten
* naplegen
* napleiten
* napluizen
* napoetsen
* napraten
* narennen
* narijden
* naroepen
* naschallen
* naschetsen
* naschilderen
* naschouwen
* naschreeuwen
* naschrijven
* naschuiven
* naschuren
* naseinen
* nasissen
* naslaan
* naslenteren
* naslijpen
* nasluipen
* nasmeulen
* nasmijten
* nasnellen
* nasnijden
* nasnikken
* nasnorren
* nasnuffelen
* naspelen
* naspeuren
* naspieden
* nasporen
* naspreken
* naspringen
* nastamelen
* nastappen
* nastaren
* nastreven
* nastrompelen
* nastrooien
* nasturen
* nasudderen
* nasuizen
* natekenen
* natellen
* natrekken
* navertellen
* navoelen
* navolgen
* navorsen
* nawegen
* nawerken
* nawuiven
* nazeggen
* nazenden
* nazetten
* nazitten

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: na
* Negerhollands: na, a
** → Virgin Islands Creole: na

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch na, from Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhw, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.

#### Adjective

na (comparative nader, superlative naast)
* close

##### Declension

The forms of the positive are obsolescent, particularly the inflected one. The comparative and superlative forms are functioning as independent adjectives to an increasing extent.

##### Derived terms

* na aan het hart liggen
* nabij
* nagenoeg
* te na komen

##### Related terms

* naar
* naast
* nader

### Etymology 3
#### Preposition

na
* (dialectal) Archaic form of naar.

## Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
### Pronoun

na
* first person; I

### See also

* naha

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Presumably from Russian на (na) and Polish na; alternatively, from the accusative suffix -n (possibly a blend with the article la or with the suffix -a).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [na]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: na

### Preposition

na
* (neologism, rare, nonstandard, proscribed) Preposition introducing an accusative phrase.
    Mi legis na Gerda Malaperis.
       I read Gerda Disappeared.

#### Usage notes

Unofficial; it is recognized by some Esperantists on the Internet, but disapproved of by most high-level speakers. Proponents recommended using it only where the accusative suffix isn't possible: with numerals (unu (“one”)), particles (iom (“some”), kies (“whose”)), letters (J), titles of books, and quotations, etc. More standard options are to use the general preposition je, to omit the accusative ending, or to rephrase the sentence to avoid the issue.

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + feminine article a (“the”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɐː/

#### Contraction

na f (masculine no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nas)
* in the

### Etymology 2

From a mutation of a.

#### Pronoun

na f (accusative)
* Alternative form of a (“her”)

##### Usage notes

The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.

##### Related terms

* a
* la
* no

### Etymology 3

From contraction of adverb non (“not”) + feminine singular article a (“the”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɐː/

### Further reading

* “o”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “na”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na(ː)/
* Rhymes: -aː
* Homophones: nah, Narr (latter regional)

### Etymology 1

Perhaps from an unstressed form of nu. Compare also Swedish nå, Russian ну (nu), Finnish no, and their cognates.

#### Interjection

na
* well!, so!; used to introduce a statement
    Na, dann fangen wir mal an!So, let’s get started!
    Ich bin ein Narr? Na, du auch!I am a clown? Well, so are you!
* oh, hm, huh, och, nu; expressing a (usually mild) degree of surprise, doubt, or frustration
    Na, das ist ja nett, dass ihr vorbeikommt!Oh, that’s nice of you to come by!
    Na? Ob das so stimmt...Huh? Not sure if that’s correct...
    Na! Warum will das denn jetzt wieder nicht?Och! Why does this thing not work yet again?
    Na toll! Kein Empfang.Oh great! No signal.
* (regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) huh?; used as a question marker, often implying that the speaker knows the answer
    Was ist zwei plus drei? Na?What’s two plus three? Huh?
* (regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) hey!, hi!; used as a greeting, but with an interrogative intonation, as if saying “So? You see me there?”, or “So? How is everything?”
    Na! Lang nicht gesehen!Hey! Long time no see!
    Na! Wie geht’s?Hi! How are you?

##### Derived terms

* na klar
* na und
* nanu

### Etymology 2

A variant of nein. Compare English nah.

#### Interjection

na
* (regional, chiefly southern Germany and Austria) Alternative form of nein (“no”)
    Na. Das geht net.No. That doesn’t work.

### Anagrams

* an

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

From Portuguese na. Cognate with Kabuverdianu na.

### Preposition

na
* at
* in
* on

## Hamap
### Pronoun

na
* I (first-person singular pronoun)

### References

* Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro, The Ethnolinguistic Identity of the Hamap People in Change, page 198, 2008

## Hawaiian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/, [nə]

### Preposition

na
* for, belonging to, by

#### Usage notes

* Used for acquired possessions, while no is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnɒ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -nɒ

### Interjection

na
* well, so, hey
    Na, nem baj. ― Well, no problem.
    Itt van Péter. – Na és? ― “Peter is here.” “So what?”
    Na, gyerünk! ― Alright, let's go!
    Na, ne mondj ilyet! ― Hey, don't say that!
    Na, ez fáj! ― Hey, that hurts!

#### Derived terms

* (Compound words):
** nahát
** nana
** naná

### Further reading

* na in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian на (na).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑ
* Hyphenation: na

### Interjection

na
* here! there you go! (said when handing something over)

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 331

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n̪ˠə/

### Article

na (definite article)
* genitive singular feminine of an (triggers h-prothesis)
    na háite ― of the place
* nominative/dative plural of an (triggers h-prothesis)
    na héin ― the birds
    ó na cailíní ― from the girls
* genitive plural of an (triggers eclipsis)
    na bpáistí ― of the children

### Contraction

na
* Nonstandard form of ina
** 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 196:Bhí Áindrías an Ime na chomhnaidhe i mBaile ui Mún i nGleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.Áindrías of the Butter lived in Ballymoon in Gleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Descendants

* → Yola: na

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “na”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “na”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “na”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Japanese
### Romanization

na
* The hiragana syllable な (na) or the katakana syllable ナ (na) in Hepburn romanization.

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese na.

### Preposition

na
* at
* in
* on

## Kapampangan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nə/ [nə]
* Hyphenation: na

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

#### Pronoun

na
* 3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun: he; his; she; her; it; its
    Bayu ya ing bale na.Her/his house is new.
    Nanu ing seli na?What did s/he buy?

### Etymology 2

Possibly a contraction of nanu (“what”). Compare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).

#### Interjection

na
* (masculine, informal, mild emphatic) used to get someone's attention, generally carries neutral or slightly positive connotations
    Na munta ka?Hey, are you going?
    Na dimdam me?Hey, did you hear?

#### Particle

na
* (informal, mild emphatic) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis
    Makanini namu siguru na?Maybe it is what it is, isn't it?
    Nokarin nakaman munta na?Where are you going, huh?

#### Ligature

na
* connects adjectives to nouns
    Malairo na banwa.the blue sky.
    kakatua na tau.A strange person.

#### Adverb

na
* already; now (expresses the event when following a verb)
    Yari na.Finished already.
    Munta naka.Are you going now?.
* already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)
    Matudtud na.Slept already.
    Sinali na.Bought already.
* already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)
    Lungub nakata.Let's go in already.
    Pepasali nakung panulu.I'm having someone buy the medicine now.

#### See also

* ne

## Karaim
### Alternative forms

* на (Cyrillic)

### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

### Interjection

na
* here you are! take it!

## Kasem
### Noun

na
* water

### References

* SIL Burkina Faso, Dictionnaire bilingue kassem - français, 2007

## Kashubian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈna/
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: na

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

#### Preposition

na
* denotes superessive position; on [with locative]
    Synonym: nó
* denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

#### Interjection

na
* emphatic particle used with imperatives to speed up a performed action; c'mon, now

### Further reading

* Stefan Ramułt (1893) “na”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 110
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “na 1”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎, volume 2, page 2
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “na 2”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎, volume 2, page 2
* “na”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
* “na!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

## Kikuyu
### Particle

na
* (instrumental) with
    Gũtema na kanua ti gũtema na rũhiũ.To cut with a mouth is not to cut with a knife.
* (comitative) and, with
    Ikinya na thĩ itiaganaga.The foot and the earth cannot help meeting.
* (source) from
    Synonym: kuuma
    Wega uumaga na mũciĩ.Goodness comes from home.
* but
    Kanua njero, na mũciĩ ndũkomeka nĩ heho.The mouth is sweet, but the house is too cold to lie at.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 “na” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 277. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

## Kilivila
### Noun

na
* (in compounds) woman

### References

* Gunter Senft (1986), Kilivila: the Language of the Trobriand Islanders. Berlin • New York • Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, p. 372, 591. →ISBN

## Kusunda
### Pronoun

na
* this (animate)
    nəti na ― Who is this?
    Synonym: ta (inanimate)

### References

* David E. Watters (2006) “Notes on Kusunda Grammar: A Language Isolate of Nepal”, in Himalayan Linguistics‎, page 48

## Ladin
### Article

na f
* an, a

#### Synonyms

* n'

### See also

* n

## Ladino
### Alternative forms

* nalo, naldo, nalde (Monastir)

### Etymology

From Greek να (na), from Ancient Greek ἤν (ḗn).

### Interjection

na (Hebrew spelling נה)
* here! behold! there!

## Lakota
### Conjunction

na
* and

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈnaː/, [ˈnäː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈna/, [ˈnäː]

### Verb

nā
* imperative singular of nō, swim!

### References

* "na", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Lingala
### Etymology

Of native Bobangi origin (compare Swahili na), but its functional broadening to "in, at" may be under the influence of West African languages; compare Igbo na, Krio na.

### Preposition

na
* with, and
* in, at
* of (form of ya before personal pronouns)

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/

### Preposition

na
* on, in [with locative]
* on, onto [with accusative]

### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “na_2”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “na”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

## Luganda
### Conjunction

na
* and (only used if the overall statement is grammatically negative)

### See also

* ne

### References

The Essentials of Luganda, J. D. Chesswas, 4th edition. Oxford University Press: Nairobi. 1967, p. 94.

## Macanese
### Etymology 1

From Portuguese na, itself from Old Galician-Portuguese na. Semantically, compare Chavacano na.

#### Preposition

na
* in
    botâ na fólia ― to place in the newspaper
    Já levâ ung'a perada na cara qui ficó vangueado.The ball hit him so hard in the face that he fainted.
* at
    na casa ― at home
    na festa ― at the party
* on
    estendê na chám ― to stretch on the ground

##### Usage notes

* As grammatical gender is not differentiated in Macanese, na is invariable, and there is no alternative form *no.
* Unlike the Chavacano term, the preposition does not bear the meaning of "to"; that function is fulfilled by pa.

##### Derived terms

* têm na trâs di porta (“to be very near, to be just around the corner”)

### Etymology 2

Possibly a reduced form of Portuguese ainda.

#### Alternative forms

* nâ

#### Adverb

na
* still, yet
    Já cavâ fazê liçam di casa? Nunca nâ, faltâ três foliaHave you finished your homework yet? Not yet, I still have three pages
    Ela tâ assí chistosa na? Certo, iou-sa Marichai dia-a-dia tâ más bunitaShe still looks so pretty, doesn't she? Of course, my Marichai gets prettier by the day

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Cantonese 嗱 (naa$^4$).

#### Alternative forms

* nâ, ná

#### Interjection

na
* here!, here you go, here you are (offering something to the listener)

#### Particle

na
* emphatic particle
    Cudí ná! ― Help!
    Vai racolê nâ! ― Get lost!

### References

* https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

## Mandarin
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Romanization

na (na$^5$ / na$^0$, Zhuyin ˙ㄋㄚ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吶 / 呐
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哪
na
* Nonstandard spelling of nā.
* Nonstandard spelling of ná.
* Nonstandard spelling of nǎ.
* Nonstandard spelling of nà.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Middle Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naː/

### Etymology 1

From Old Dutch nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.

#### Preposition

na
* towards
* behind
* after, following, later than
* in accordance with, based on

#### Adverb

na
* afterwards, later
* close, near

##### Descendants

* Dutch: na
** Afrikaans: na
* Limburgish: nao

### Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.

#### Adjective

nâ
* close

##### Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

### Further reading

* “na (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* “na (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* “na (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “na (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “na (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

## Mpade
### Etymology

From Proto-Central Chadic *nɨh.

### Verb

na
* to ripen

### References

* S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
* R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic

## Neapolitan

Feminine form of nu, from Latin ūnus.

### Alternative forms

* n' (before words starting with a vowel)

### Etymology

From Latin ūna.

### Article

na f sg
* a, an

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *ne. Related to ne.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɑː

### Interjection

na
* no

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

### Verb

-na
* to rain

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Northern Sami
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈna/

### Adverb

na
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Northern Sotho
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

### Verb

na
* to rain

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse hana, the accusative form of hon (“she”). Compare with Swedish na. The correct term in Norwegian Bokmål would be henne, and either ho or henne in Norwegian Nynorsk.

### Pronoun

na
* (dialectal, colloquial) her; object form of ho

#### Usage notes

* It is almost without exceptions used as a clitic, and is always unstressed.

### See also

* a
* hu

## Ojibwe
### Particle

na
* Question marker for yes/no questions. It is always placed after the first word in the sentence. If the first word ends in a vowel, use the particle na; if it ends in a consonant, use ina.
** Giminikwe na? — Are you drinking?
** Gigii-anokii na bijiinaago? — Did you work yesterday?
** but: Giwiisin ina? — Are you eating?

#### Synonyms

* ina

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈna/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈna/

### Preposition

na
* on, onto (direction, + accusative case)
    I přivedli oslici a oslátko s ní, i položichu na ně rúcha svá. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* on (location, + locative case)
* for (purpose, + accusative case)
* at (in the direction of, + accusative case)

#### Descendants

* Czech: na

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “na”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* nō

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *nai (“never”), equivalent to a contraction of ne (“not”) and ā (“ever”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɑː/

### Adverb

nā
* not
    Nis þæt nā rēad, ac is grēne.That's not red, it's green.
** c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 22:17
    Is hit ālīefed þæt man Cāsere gafol selle, þe nā?Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?
** c. 992, Ælfric, "The Fifth Sunday in Lent"
    Dryhten nis nā ōðrum mannum tō wiþmetenne.The Lord is not comparable to other people.
** c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
    Nōn egō, sed tū: “Nā iċ, ac þū.” Nōn bōs est, sed equus: “Nis hit nā oxa, ac is hors.”Non ego, sed tu: “Not me, you.” Non bos est, sed equus: “It's not an ox, it's a horse.”
* no
    Þæt iċ cwæþ for þon āne þe iċ nā bet nysse.I only said that because I didn't know any better (literally "no better").
** late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
    Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...
** Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Version B, year 897
    Þȳ ilcan sumora forwearþ nā lǣs þonne twēntiġ sċipa be þǣm sūðriman.That same summer, no less than twenty ships perished on the south coast.
** late 10th century, Ælfric, "Ash-Wednesday"
    Þā cwæð eall sēo meniu þe ðǣr mid stōd ofwundrod þæt sē cwellere ne sceolde swencan hī nā leng...Then said all the multitude who stood there astonished,that the executioner should vex her no longer,...
* (poetic) never
** 10th century, The Wanderer:Hwǣr cōm mearg? Hwǣr cōm mago? · Hwǣr cōm māþþumġyfa? Hwǣr cōm symbla ġesetu? · Hwǣr sindon seledrēamas? Ēalā beorht bune! · Ēalā byrnwiga! Ēalā þēodnes þrym! · Hū sēo þrāg ġewāt, ġenāp under nihthelm, · swā hēo nō wære.Whither did the horse come? Whither did the man come? Whither did the treasure-giver come? Whither did the seats of feasts come? Where are the hall-joys? Alack and alas, bright cup! Alack and alas, mailed warrior! Alack and alas, the army of the king! How did the time pass, grow dark under the cover of night, as if it never did.

### Conjunction

nā
* not
** c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent"
    Māre wundor is þæt God Ælmihtiġ ǣlce dæġe fētt ealne middanġeard þonne þæt wundor wǣre þæt hē þā ġefylde fīf þūsende manna mid fīf hlāfum—ac þæs wundrodon menn nā for þȳ þæt hit māre wundor wǣre, ac for þȳ þæt hit wæs unġewunelīċ.It's more of a miracle that God Almighty feeds the whole world every day than that he fed five thousand people with five loaves of bread—but that amazed people not because it was more miraculous, but because it was unusual.

#### Synonyms

* (conjunction): næs

#### Derived terms

* nā þæt

#### Descendants

* English: no
* Geordie English: ne, naw
* Scots: nae, naw

#### See also

* nān
* nāwiht
* ne
* nese

## Old Frisian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *nai, equivalent to a blend of ne (“not”) +‎ ā (“ever”). Akin to Old English nā.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnaː/

#### Adverb

nā
* never

##### Descendants

* West Frisian: nea

#### Particle

nā
* no

##### Descendants

* Saterland Frisian: noa

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnaː/

#### Preposition

nā (+ dative)
* Alternative form of nēi

### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n͈a/

#### Article

na (triggers /h/-prothesis in the feminine genitive singular, in the feminine and neuter nominative plural, and in the accusative plural; triggers eclipsis in the genitive plural)
* Aphetic form of inna (“the (various inflected forms)”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n͈a/

#### Determiner

na (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)
* Aphetic form of inna (“in his/her/its/their”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n͈a/

#### Determiner

na
* neuter nominative/accusative singular of nach (“any”)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n͈aː/

#### Particle

na (triggers /h/-prothesis)
* Alternative spelling of ná (“don’t”)

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n͈aː/

#### Conjunction

na (triggers /h/-prothesis)
* (chiefly in the negative) Alternative spelling of ná (“or, nor”)

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na. First attested in the 14th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /na/
* IPA: (15th CE) /na/

### Preposition

na
* denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]
* denotes movement towards some nouns; to, toward [with accusative]
* denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for [with accusative]
* denotes a goal or purpose; for [with accusative]
* used in some temporal and physical measurements; by [with accusative or locative]
* denotes superessive position; on [with locative]
* denotes a period of time; during [with locc]
* denotes frequency; per [with case]
* denotes location with events; at [with locative]
* denotes manner [with accusative]

#### Descendants

* Polish: na
* Silesian: na

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “na”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Old Tupi
### Alternative forms

* nda
* n'-, nd'- (before a vowel)

### Particle

na
* forms the negative of verbs and adjectives [with -i]
* forms the negative of nouns [with ruã]
* hopefully; if only [with ruã ymã]
* shall not stop [with -e'ymi]
** 1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 34v:[…] naipotareîmixoéne […][ […] n'aîpotare'ymi xûéne […] ]I shall not stop wanting it.

### References

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “na”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 325, columns 1–2

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀦 (Brahmi script)
* न (Devanagari script)
* ন (Bengali script)
* න (Sinhalese script)
* န or ၼ (Burmese script)
* น or นะ (Thai script)
* ᨶ (Tai Tham script)
* ນ or ນະ (Lao script)
* ន (Khmer script)
* 𑄚 (Chakma script)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit न (na).

#### Particle

na
* no, not

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Adjective

na
* (demonstrative) that

##### Synonyms

* ta

##### Derived terms

* ena (“this”)
* nā (“her”)

#### Pronoun

na m or n
* (demonstrative) that
* him, it
* (in the plural) them
** 2006, The Fifth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Majjhimanikāya (II)‎, page 558:පුන ච පරං භන‍්තෙ, ඉමෙ ඉසිදත‍්තපුරාණා ථපතයො මමභත‍්තා මමයානා අහං නෙසං ජීවිතස‍්ස පදාතා යසස‍්ස ආහත‍්තා අථ ච පන නො තථා මයි නිපච‍්චාකාරං කරොන‍්ති යථා භගවති.Puna ca paraṃ bhante, ime isidattapurāṇā thapatayo mamabhattā mamayānā ahaṃ nesaṃ jīvitassa padātā yasassa āhattā atha ca pana no tathā mayi nipaccākāraṃ karonti yathā bhagavati.Furthermore, sir, these chamberlains Isidatta and Purāṇa share my meals and my carriages. I give them a livelihood and bring them renown. And yet they don’t show me the same level of devotion that they show to the Buddha.

##### Usage notes

Note that this is not used to reference, explicitly or implicitly, a neuter noun in the plural.

##### Synonyms

* ta

### References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “na”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

## Papiamentu
### Etymology 1

From Portuguese na and Kabuverdianu na.

#### Preposition

na
* at
* in
* inside
* on

### Etymology 2

From Dutch naar.

#### Preposition

na
* to
* towards

## Phalura
### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit न (na, “not”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/

#### Particle

na (negating, Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)
* not
* don't

#### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “na”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
* Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “na”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/

#### Interjection

na (Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)
* no!

#### References

* Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “na”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

## Phuthi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

### Verb

-na
* to rain

#### Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish na.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈna/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈna/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Kociewie) IPA: /ˈna/
* (Masovia):
** (Far Masovian) IPA: /ˈna/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Kielce) IPA: /ˈna/
** (Lasovia) IPA: /ˈna/
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈna]
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Audio 3:(file)
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: na
* Homophone: -na

### Preposition

na
* denotes superessive position; on [with locative]
    Siedzę na koniu. ― I'm on a horse.
* denotes location with events; at [with locative]
    Mieszkam na wsi. ― I live in the countryside.
* denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]
    Uważaj, zaraz to na mnie spadnie! ― Watch out, it's going to fall on me!
* denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for, by [with accusative]
    Sprawozdanie ma być gotowe na piątą. ― The report should be ready by five o'clock.
* denotes a goal or purpose; for, to deal with [with accusative]
    lek na grypę ― flu medication
    na zdrowie ― for [your] health; cheers; bless you.
* denotes frequency; per [with accusative]
    pięć metrów na sekundę ― five meters per second
* denotes manner [with accusative or adverb]
    pasażer na gapę ― stowaway
    deser na kwaśno ― sour dessert
* (mathematics) surjective usage; onto [with accusative]
* (Przemyśl) Synonym of dla [with accusative]
    Bedzie interes na mnie. ― There's going to be a deal for me.

### Adjective

na (not comparable, no derived adverb)
* (mathematics) onto; surjective

### Interjection

na
* (obsolete or dialectal, Far Masovian, Malbork, Kielce, Lasovia) take it! here!
    Coordinate terms: (dialectal, plural) nacie, (dialectal, plural) nata

#### Usage notes

* When used as an adjective, this word is indeclinable, postpositive (when used attributively), and usually placed inside quotation marks, e.g. funkcja „na”.

#### Alternative forms

* ne (Podegrodzie)

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), na is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1784 times in scientific texts, 1884 times in news, 1681 times in essays, 1932 times in fiction, and 1319 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 8600 times, making it the 5th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “na”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 261

### Further reading

* na in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* na in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* “NA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 29.01.2012
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 1
* Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “na”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 115
* Dr Nadmorski (Józef Łęgowski) (1889) “na”, in “Spis wyrazów właściwych gwarze malborskiej i kociewskiej”, in Wisła. Miesięcznik Geograficzno-Etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 3 z.4, page 746
* Aleksander Saloni (1908) “na”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 337
* Zygmunt Wasilewski (1895) “na”, in “Słowniczek wyrazów ludowych we wsi Jaksicach”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 93
* Oskar Kolberg (1865) “namcie”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 263

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /na/
* (Portugal) IPA: /nɐ/
* Hyphenation: na

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese na, clipping of ena, from en (“in”) + a (“the”).

#### Contraction

na f sg
* Contraction of em a (“in the”): feminine singular of no
** 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 184:Eu estava na esperança de encontrá-lo antes do jantar!I was hoping to meet you before dinner!

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

#### Preposition

na
* at
* in

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

na
* Alternative form of a (third-person feminine singular objective pronoun) used as an enclitic following a verb form ending in a nasal vowel or diphthong

##### Usage notes

* This form is not found in Brazilian speech.

##### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

## Riantana
### Etymology

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Blagar na.

### Pronoun

na
* I

## Romani
### Etymology

From Sanskrit न (na, “no”).

### Adverb

na
* not

### Interjection

na
* right?; tag question

### Particle

na
* no

### References

* Dieter W. Halwachs (2021 September 19 (last accessed)) “Morphology”, in Romani Projekt Graz‎, archived from the original on 13 April 2016
* Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “na”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 152

## Romanian
### Etymology

Cognate to Bulgarian на (na), from Proto-Slavic *na.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/
* Rhymes: -a

### Interjection

na
* here you are! take it!

### Further reading

* na in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Samoan
### Pronoun

na
* he / she

#### See also
## Sango
### Conjunction

na
* and

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (etymologies 1-3) /na/, (etymologies 4-7) /nə/

### Etymology 1

Univerbation of an (“in”) +‎ a (“his/her”).

#### Preposition

na (+ dative)
* (triggers lenition) in his; in its
* (triggers H-prothesis) in her; in its

##### Inflection

$^L$ Triggers lenition; $^H$ Triggers H-prothesis; $^N$ Triggers eclipsis; $^{1)}$ Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish indás (“than (it) is”).

#### Conjunction

na
* than

### Etymology 3

From Old Irish ná.

#### Particle

na
* don’t (particle used to introduce a negative imperative; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
    Na bruidhinn!Do not speak!
* particle used to emphasise a negative reply to a question
    An do rinn iad e Disathairne? – Cha do rinn na!Did they do it on Saturday? – They certainly did not!

### Etymology 4

From Old Irish a (“that which”).

#### Pronoun

na
* all that, that which, whatever, what

### Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Article

na (triggers H-prothesis)
* inflection of an (“the”):
** genitive singular feminine
** nominative or dative plural

##### Declension

$^L$ Triggers lenition; $^H$ Triggers H-prothesis; $^T$ Triggers T-prothesis

### Etymology 6

Univerbation of an (interrogative particle) +‎ do (past tense particle)

#### Particle

na
* (colloquial) marks an interrogative in the past tense
    Na rinn thu sin? ― Did you do that?

##### Usage notes

* Particularly commonly used in Lewis and Skye.

### Etymology 7

From Old Irish nó, nú.

#### Conjunction

na
* Alternative form of no

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

na (Cyrillic spelling на)
* (+ locative case) on, at, in (with certain nouns, expressing location without a change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ; see usage notes below)
    knjiga je na stolu ― the book is on the table
    biti na koncertu ― to be at the concert
    biti na ulici ― to be in the street
    zv(ij)ezde na nebu ― stars in the sky
* (+ locative case) on (indicating medium)
    čuti nešto na radiju ― to hear something on the radio
* (+ accusative case) to, on, onto (with certain nouns, expressing the goal of motion, answering questions kùda (Bosnian, Serbian) or kȁmo (Croatian); see usage notes below)
    staviti knjigu na sto(l) ― to put a book on the table
    ići na koncert ― to go to a concert
* (+ accusative case) for (with verbs of motion and certain other verbs, to express something which will last for a limited period; after that a reverse action is implied)
    otići nekuda/nekamo na dva dana ― to go somewhere for two days
* (+ accusative case) in (used with seasons)
    na l(j)eto ― in summer, next summer, the following summer
* (+ accusative case) noun attribute for permanent properties, such as sources of power or energy, but not including purpose
    krevet na kat ― bunk bed (literally, “bed on story, level”)
    podmornica na atomski pogon ― nuclear-powered submarine (literally, “submarine (run) on the nuclear power”)
    jaje na oko ― sunny-side up egg (literally, “egg on the eye”)
    ljubav na daljinu ― long-distance relationship (literally, “love on distance”)
    r(ij)eči na a ― words ending in a (literally, “words on a”)
* (+ accusative case) by, on, through (adverbial phrase of manner)
    ući na prednja vrata ― to enter through the front door (literally, “to enter on the front door”)
    plaćena na sat ― paid by the hour (literally, “paid on an hour”)
    na brzinu ― hastily (literally, “on speed”)
    na vr(ij)eme ― on time
* (+ accusative case) indirect object of certain verbs
    vikati na ljude ― to yell at people
    pods(j)ećati na nekog ― to remind of someone
* (+ accusative case) a part of certain set expressions, which can be spelled also as one word in Croatian
    na sreću ― luckily
    na prim(j)er ― for example

#### Usage notes

na is used to indicate the location (with locative) or the goal of motion (with accusative), with:
* surfaces, either horizontal (table) or vertical (wall), including open spaces such as playgrounds, mountains, islands, most neighborhoods, pictures, the sky
* activities, such as ručak lunch, odmor vacation, posao work, predavanje lecture, sastanak meeting
* exposure to the sun, fresh air, wind, rain and snow (na suncu ― in the sun)
* limits: rub, ivica edge, početak beginning, kraj end, vrh top, dno bottom
* languages (na engleskom ― in English)
* with more sea, to express at/to the seaside; with selo village, to express in/to the countryside
* the noun fakultet

### Interjection

na! (Cyrillic spelling на!)
* Here you are! Take it!
* Help yourself!

## Shona
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.

### Adjective

-na
* four

#### Inflection
## Sicilian
### Article

na f sg
* (indefinite) a, an

### See also
## Silesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈna/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: na

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish na, from Proto-Slavic *na.

#### Preposition

na
* denotes superessive position; on [with locative]
    Antonym: pod
* denotes inessive position of some countries and regions; in, [with locative]
    Synonym: w
    Antonym: poza
* denotes location with events; at [with locative]
* denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]
    Synonyms: do, ku
* denotes time; for [with accusative]
* denotes measurement; by [with accusative]
* denotes aim of an action; for [with accusative]
* denotes color of painted object [with adverb]
* denotes manner [with adverb]

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

#### Interjection

na
* used when giving someone something; here!
* filler word; well

### Further reading

* na in dykcjonorz.eu
* na in silling.org

## Slovak
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈna/

### Preposition

na
* (with locative) on (touching from above)
    Synonyms: navrchu, po
** 1922, Terézia Vansová, Na Čertovici. In: Z našej dediny:Na koči sedel pán, cifrovaný, ako páni bývajú.A nobleman was sitting on the carriage in decorated clothes, as noblemen usually are.
* (with locative) by, with, using (indicates a means or an instrument)
    Synonym: o
** 1883, Pavol Dobšinský, O krásnej Ibronke. In: Prostonárodné slovenské povesti:Viezol sa tadiaľ na koči mladý pán a zazrel tú krásnu ľaliu.A young lord was travelling that way by carriage and he saw the beautiful lily.
* (with locative) at (indicates time)
** 1873, Ján Kalinčiak, Láska a pomsta. Chapter 1:Bol večer na konci jara.It was an evening at the end of the spring.
* (with locative) at, because of (indicates reason)
    Synonyms: z, zo
** 1930, Ladislav Nádaši-Jégé, Stolica sa smeje :Stolica sa na celej veci veľmi dobre zabávala.The whole office was very much amused by the whole matter.
* (with locative, in connection with byť) on, usually translated with a corresponsing verb (indicates state)
** 1938, Janko Jesenský, Demokrati Part 2:To naozaj nebolo na programe.That really was not planned.
* (with accusative) on, to (indicates motion towards the upper surface of an object or contact with the object from any side)
    Synonyms: smerom na, smerom do, smerom k, o
** 1846, Ján Kalinčiak, Milkov hrob. Chapter 10:Musel znovu vysadnúť na koňa a ísť za chlapom, ktorého poslal s ním kuchár.He had to mount the horse again and follow the man, whom the cook had sent with him.
* (with accusative) for, on, to (indicates purpose or goal)
    Synonyms: po, proti, pri
** 1842, Jozef Miloslav Hurban, Svadba kráľa veľkomoravského. Chapter 3:Takmer celý nasledujúci deň po príchode, určený na hry a rytierske preteky, strávil v rade.He spent almost the whole day after the arrival, which was dedicated to plays and tournaments, with the council.
* (with accusative) at, on (indicates time)
    Synonyms: cez, počas, v
** 1910, Ľudmila Podjavorinská, Žena :Štefan Zaťko, otec piatich detí, cez Vianoce pochoval ženu a na Tri krále prišiel o ohlášky.Štefan Zaťko, a father or five children, buried his wife at Christmas and on Epiphany he came to arrange his banns.
* (with accusative) at, because of, of (indicates reason)
    Synonyms: s, so, z, zo
** 1943, Dobroslav Chrobák, Drak sa vracia. Chapter 2:Nezomrel od staroby, ani na chorobu, ale po páde do jamy na hlinu.He did not die of old age, nor of a disease, but after he fell in a pit for dirt.

### Further reading

* “na”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/

### Preposition

na
* (with locative) on (stationary)
* (with accusative) onto (motion towards)
* (with accusative) at, on (a moment in time)

### Further reading

* “na”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “na”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Slovincian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈna/
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: na

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

#### Preposition

na
* denotes superessive position; on [with locative]
* denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]
* denotes time for which consequences of something may occur; for [with accusative]
* denotes day on which something occurs; on

##### Derived terms

* na-

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

#### Interjection

na
* well! now then!
* good job!

### Further reading

* Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “na”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 681
* Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “na!”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 682

## Somali
### Adverb

na
* moreover

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

### Verb

-na
* to rain

#### Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈna/ [ˈna]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: na

### Etymology 1

Contraction of enna.

#### Contraction

na
* (obsolete) Contraction of en la (“in the”).

### Etymology 2

Representing accents where intervocalic /d/ is lost after a stressed syllable.

#### Alternative forms

* na'

#### Pronoun

na
* Pronunciation spelling of nada.

##### Derived terms

* no ni na

### Further reading

* “na”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sranan Tongo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/

### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* a

#### Article

na
* the (definite singular article)
    Na liba e lon na a bigi se.The river flows to the ocean.

### Etymology 2
#### Particle

na
* to be (copula)
    A man disi na wan bigidagu.This man is a big shot.

##### Usage notes

Unlike for verbs, the aspect cannot be modified by particles such as ben, (d)e, sa and (g)o. If an aspect needs to be indicated, the verb de is used instead.

### Etymology 3

Perhaps borrowed from Dutch naar.

#### Alternative forms

* a

#### Preposition

na
* at; to; on; according to
    A de na oso.He (or she) is at home.
    Na liba e lon na a bigi se.The river flows to the ocean.

##### Synonyms

* (on): na tapu
* (to): go na, g'a

## Sumerian
### Romanization

na
* Romanization of 𒈾

## Sundanese
### Etymology 1

From Old Sundanese na. Analyzed as a shortening of naha

#### Adverb

na (Sundanese script ᮔ)
* (interrogative, uncommon) why
    Na maké nyalahkeun kuring?!Why are you blaming me?!
* how, what (modifier to indicate an exclamation.)
    Na aya budak bangor-bangor teuingWhat a naughty child

##### Derived terms

* naeun
* naon

### Etymology 2

Perhaps inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-na (“that, there; then”)

#### Preposition

na (Sundanese script ᮔ)
* at, on, in
    Synonyms: di, dina

##### Derived terms

* dina

### Further reading

* "NA", in Coolsma, S (1913) Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij
* Maman Sumantri, et al. (1985) Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia

## Swahili
### Etymology

Akin to Lingala na, Luganda na. From Proto-Bantu *nà.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɑ/
* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Conjunction

Other scripts :
| Ajami | نَـ |
na
* and

#### Usage notes

Older or more conservative Swahili writings only use na to connect two nouns, never to connect two adjectives; the second adjective is changed into an abstract noun instead. However, in modern colloquial Swahili, this is not always the case.

### Preposition

Other scripts :
| Ajami | نَـ |
na
* with
** 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎, stanza 9:كِطَّمْسِكِزَ گَوُجُهَّالِ ، نُرُ نَمِيَاغَ اِتَظَلَالِKiṭamsi-kiza cha-ujuhali, nuru na-mianga itaẓalaliBrightness and lights will overcome the shadow and darkness of ignorance
* by

#### Usage notes

na can be suffixed with special suffixes (for human pronominals) or any -o of reference (for other objects) to inflect it with an object (for example, nayo = "with it"):

#### Inflection

For a full table, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

### Verb

Other scripts :
| Ajami | ـنَ |
-na
* present stem of -wa na (“to have”)
    sinacho ― I do not have it

## Swazi
### Particle

nâ
* Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish hana, accusative form of hon. In most dialects, the corresponding dative form (henne, in Old Norse: hænni) has taken its place. Compare Norwegian Nynorsk na.

### Pronoun

na
* (dialectal) her; accusative/dative of hon
    Synonym: henne
    – Har hon sett'na? – Jo, hon såg'na igår, och gav'na brevet. Jag var hem ti'na [till'na] igår och snacka [snackade] me'na [med'na] [clipping "till," "med," and "-de" from the past tense is common in general and not dialectal].– Has she seen her? – Yeah, she saw her yesterday, and gave her the letter. I went to her house ["was home to her" – standard] yesterday and talked to her.

#### Usage notes

* Common enough to be universally understood by native speakers.
* Rarely in written form unless supposed to imitate (dialectal) speech. See also the usage notes for honom.

#### See also

* en

### References

* ↑ han in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* -an, an, an-

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /na/ [n̪ɐ]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: na

### Etymology 1

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜈ (na).

#### Noun

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
* the name of the Latin-script letter N/n, in the Abakada alphabet
    Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) en, (in the Abecedario) ene

##### See also

* nana

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Philippine *na (“now; already”). Compare Bikol Central na, Cebuano na, Hiligaynon na, and Tausug na.

#### Adverb

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
* already; now; anymore (expresses the event when following a verb)
    Tapos na.Finished already.
    Yari na tayo.We've now been made.
* already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)
    Natulog na.Slept already.
    Bumili na.Bought already.
* already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)
    Pumasok na tayo.Let's go in already.
    Ipinabibili ko na ang gamot.I'm having someone buy the medicine now.

#### Adjective

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
* already; now (expresses the event when following a noun)
    Bagsak na.Failure already.
    Abogado na siya.He/She is now a lawyer.
* now; already (expresses a shift or change in the performance of a task when following a personal pronoun)
    Ako na.My turn.(literally, “Me now.”)
    Ikaw na.Your turn.(literally, “You now.”)
    Siya na.His/her turn.(literally, “Him/her now.”)

##### See also

* na-

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Austronesian *na (“linker marking emphatic attribution”).

#### Ligature

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
* Connects words, phrases, and sentences: which is; that is; who is
** Connects adjectives to nouns.
    May matinis na boses siya.He/she has a piercing voice.
    Mahilig ako sa mga matatangkad na lalakiI like tall boys.
** Connects adverbs to verbs.
    Siya ay mabilis na tumakbo.He/she ran fast.
    Malugod ka naming tinatanggap.We welcome you.
** Connects clauses: that; to
    Masaya ka lang na meron kang pera.You're only happy that you have money.
    Magandang ipanggawa ng saranggola.Good to use to make a kite.
** Connects quantifiers (mayroon and wala only uses -ng)
    Tanang Pilipino ― Every Filipino.
    Mayroon kang kanin sa pisngi moYou have rice on your cheeks.
    Apat na palo. ― Four sticks.

##### Usage notes

* na becomes the -ng suffix if the preceding word ends in a vowel.
    Magandang bulaklakPretty flower
    Bigla siyang nagsalita.He/She suddenly spoke.
* Words ending in -n will become -ng (-g)
    Dayuhang turistaForeign tourist
    Siya ay dahan-dahang pumunta doon.He/She carefully went there.
* It becomes the -ng- interfix in compound words, if the preceding stem ends in a vowel.
    ‎haba + ‎-ng- + ‎buhay → ‎habang-buhay
    ‎bunga + ‎-ng- + ‎kahoy → ‎bungangkahoy
* It becomes the -m- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (b) or (p).
    ‎haba + ‎-m- + ‎buhay → ‎habambuhay
    ‎ganti + ‎-m- + ‎pala → ‎gantimpala
* It becomes the -n- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (d), (s), or (t).
    ‎isa + ‎-n- + ‎daan → ‎sandaan
    ‎bago + ‎-n- + ‎sakop + ‎-in → ‎bagunsakupin
    ‎libo + ‎-n- + ‎taon → ‎libuntaon
* Words ending with -n inside compounds ending will become -ng- (-g-)
    ‎daan + ‎-g- + ‎bakal → ‎daang-bakal
    ‎kababaan + ‎-g- + ‎loob → ‎kababaang-loob
    ‎kabungguan + ‎-g- + ‎balikat → ‎kabungguang-balikat

##### See also

* nang
* ng

### Further reading

* “na”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

### Anagrams

* -an

## Tày
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᴬ (“thick”). Cognate with Lao ໜາ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱ (ṅaa), Shan ၼႃ (nǎa), Ahom 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei nal, Zhuang na, Thai หนา (nǎa).

### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [naː˧˧]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [naː˦˥]

### Adjective

na (那,𪿣)
* thick
    phải na ― thick fabric
    律𪫆𥿯那Loảt mừa phải tắm na(please add an English translation of this usage example)
    禁那遮敏詩Gụm na già mắn thíWith a thick [layer of] protection, it will be firmly covered.
* bold, brave
    nả na ― shameless, bold

#### Derived terms

* na tứt

### References

* Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English and.

### Conjunction

na
* and
** 1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics‎, →ISBN, page 433:Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1986, John Hunter, “Vocabulary”, in Papua New Guinea phrasebook‎, →ISBN, page 60:and - na(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* olsem na

## Tooro
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì. Cognate with Swahili -nne and Tswana -nne. Doublet of omunaana (“eight”).

#### Numeral

-na
* four

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *nà. Cognate with Swahili na, Lingala na and Luganda na.

#### Conjunction

na (apocopic form n')
* and
* with, by

#### Adverb

na (apocopic form n')
* even
    Na Kisembo naasobora kwetegereza. ― Even Kisembo can understand.

### References

* Entry 3674 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
* Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 148, 439-441

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Russian на (na) or Ukrainian на (na).

### Interjection

na
* (dialect, Trabzon, Rize) here it is! take it!
    Synonym: işte!

## Tzotzil
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nä/

### Noun

na
* house

#### Inflection

indefinite possession :
| nail ||||
| | singular | plural | plural |
| | singular | inclusive | exclusive |
| 1st | jna | jnatik | jnakutik (San Andrés Larráinzar) jnatikotik (Zinacantán) |
| 2nd | ana | anaik | anaik |
| 3rd | sna | snaik | snaik |

#### Derived terms

(Nouns)
* ti' na

### References

* Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
* Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

## Unami
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [na]

### Pronoun

na
* that (animate)

## Venda
### Conjunction

na
* and
* with

## Venetan
### Article

na f sg
* a, an

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [naː˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [naː˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [naː˧˧]

### Etymology 1

Possibly a direct loan from Spanish anona or through other intermediaries. Compare Thai น้อยหน่า (nɔ́ɔi-nàa) and Malay nona.

#### Noun

(classifier cây, trái, quả) na • (𦰡)
* (Northern Vietnam) sugar apple (Annona squamosa)
    Synonym: mãng cầu

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Which dialect is this?”) Sino-Vietnamese word from 挪.

#### Verb

na
* (transitive) to carry, to move something laboriously

### Etymology 3
#### Particle

na
* (Bình Định, Phú Yên) interrogative particle
    Synonyms: hả, à

### Anagrams

* an

## Welsh
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *nekʷe, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ne (negative particle) + *-kʷe (“and”). Cognate with Old Irish nach and Latin neque.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naː/, /na/
* Rhymes: -aː

#### Interjection

na
* no

#### Particle

na (triggers mixed mutation)
* not (in answers and tag questions)
* (literary) don’t (with verbs in the imperative mood)

##### Usage notes

* Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
* The form nac is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form na remains, thus na + gallan becomes na allan, not *nac allan.

##### Alternative forms

* nac (used before a vowel)

#### Conjunction

na (triggers mixed mutation)
* that … not (introduces a negative noun clause)
    Mae e’n dweud na fydd e’n mynd.He says that he will not go.

##### Usage notes

* Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
* The form nad is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form na remains, thus na + gallan becomes na allan, not *nad allan.
* The form is always nad before an element fronted for emphasis.

##### Alternative forms

* nad (used before a vowel, or where an element is fronted for emphasis)

##### See also

* y (affirmative)

### Etymology 2

Variant of no(g), probably from rebracketing of the comparative “*-achn o” as “-ach no”.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na(ː)/

#### Conjunction

na (triggers aspirate mutation)
* than
* neither, nor

##### Alternative forms

* nag (used before a vowel, definition 1)
* nac (used before a vowel, definition 2)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na(ː)/

#### Verb

na
* Soft mutation of gna.

#### Verb

na (not mutable)
* first-person singular future colloquial of gwneud

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Etymology 4
#### Adjective

na
* Nasal mutation of da.

#### Noun

na
* Nasal mutation of da.

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “na”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “no”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, §§ 113 i (1), 147 iv (3)

## Xhosa
### Etymology 1
#### Particle

ná
* Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

#### Verb

-na
* (intransitive) to rain

##### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Ye'kwana
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [na]

### Verb

na
* (transitive) to clear (a conuco garden)
* (transitive) to clear (brush)

### References

* Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “na”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon
* Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, page 315

## Yola
### Etymology 1

From Middle English na, no, from nan (“none”), from Old English nān. Cognates include English no and Scots nae.

#### Alternative forms

* nae, no

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /naː/, /nɔː/

#### Determiner

na
* no
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;To break up the goal they had not power;
** 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:Na speen to be multh, nar flaase to be shaure.no teat to be milked, nor fleece to be shorn.
** 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:Vear'd nodhing mot Portheare. Na skeine e'er ee-waare.I feared nothing but Porter. No skein I ever wore.

#### Interjection

na
* nay
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,Nay, now or never! we cry'd to Tommy,

#### Particle

na
* no

### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

na
* Alternative form of no (“not”)
** 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 34:Na dicke wye, nar dicka.Neither this way, nor that.
** 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:Hea pryet ich mought na ha chicke or hen,He prayed I might not have chicken nor hen,
** 1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:Caulès will na get to wullaw to-die.Horses will not get to wallow to-day.

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Irish na.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nə/

#### Article

na
* of the
** 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 3-4:na coshe an loyale dwellerès na Baronie Forthe,both (the) faithful and loyal inhabitants of the Barony of Forth,
** 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 4-5:crave na dicke luckie acte t'uck neicher th' Eccellencie,beg leave at (of) this favourable opportunity to approach your Excellency,
** 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 10-11:az Irishmen, an az dwellerès na cosh an loyale o' Baronie Forthe,as Irishmen, and as inhabitants, (of) faithful and loyal, of the Barony Forth,
* in the
** 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 5-6:an na plaine garbe o' oure yola talke,and in the simple dress of our old dialect,
** 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 16-18:y'ast, bie ractzom o'honde, ee-delt t'ouz ye laas ee-mate var ercha vassale, ne'er dwythen na dicke waie nar dicka.you have with impartial hand ministered the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.
** 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 1-2:Ye state na dicke daie o'ye londe, na whilke be nar fash nar moile, albiet 'constitutional agitation,'The condition, (on) this day, of the country, in which is neither tumult nor disorder, but that constitutional agitation,
** 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 6-8:Na oure gladès ana whilke we dellt wi' mattoke, an zing t'oure caulès wi plou,In our valleys where we were digging with the spade, or as we whistled to our horses in the plough,
** 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 8-9:wee hert ee zough o'ye colure o' pace na name o' Mulgrave.we heard the distant sound of the wings of the dove of peace, in the word Mulgrave.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 58

## Yoruba
### Pronunciation

* (high-tone): IPA: /nã́/
* (mid-tone): IPA: /nã̄/
* (low-tone): IPA: /nã̀/

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

nà
* to beat; to hit; to smack
    Synonym: lù
    Ó nà án ní pàṣán ― She beat him with a whip
* to defeat
    Synonym: borí

##### Usage notes

* na before a direct object.

##### Derived terms

* na pápá bora
* nani (“to beat a person>”)
* nínà (“beating”)
* ìnàkunà (“severe beating”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ná
* to spend
    Synonym: náwó (“to spend money”)
    Àníkẹ́ ń ná owó nínàákúkàá ― Anike is spending money extravagently
* to cost
    Ó ná mi ní ogún náírà péré ― It only cost me 20 naira
    Ó lè máa ná wọn tó ẹgbẹ̀rún dọ́là ― It may cost them up to a thousand dollars
* to haggle; to bargain
    Synonyms: yọwó, nájà
    Ìyá mi ń bá oníkiri ná ― My mother's haggling with the hawker
** to trade; to go to the market
    Synonym: nájà
    Mo ná ọjà Mọ́kọ́lá ― I trade at Mokola market

##### Derived terms

* dúnàádúrà (“to negotiate”)
* nájà (“to haggle; to trade”)
* náwó (“to spend money”)
* ọjà níná (“haggling”)
* ìnákúnàá (“misspending”)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

nà
* to stretch; to raise
    Mo na ọwọ́ mi dì í mú ― I stretched out my hand to grasp it
    Àwòdì na ìyẹ́ rẹ̀, kí ó sì fò lọ ― The hawk spread its wings and flew away
* to aim; to point
    Ọlọ́pàá na ìbọn sí wọn lójú ― The police pointed a gun in their face

##### Usage notes

* na before a direct object.

##### Derived terms

* nasẹ̀ (“to introduce”)
* nawọ́ (“to stretch one's hand”)
* nàka (“to point one's finger”)
* nàyìn (“to stretch one's back”)

## Zaghawa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na/

### Pronoun

na
* you (singular); thou
    Na dô neygini? : Are you tired?

### References

* Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

## Zhuang
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᴬ (“thick”). Cognate with Thai หนา (nǎa), Lao ໜາ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱ (ṅaa), Shan ၼႃ (nǎa), Ahom 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei nal.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /na˨˦/
* Tone numbers: na$^1$
* Hyphenation: na

### Adjective

na (Sawndip forms 𭆗 or 那 or 𭡇 or 𦀨, 1957–1982 spelling na)
* thick (with opposite surfaces far apart)
    Antonym: mbang
* (of vegetation) dense; thick

## Zia
### Etymology

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Blagar na.

### Pronoun

na
* I (first person pronoun singular)

## Zou
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *naa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na. Cognates include Tibetan ན (na) and Burmese နာ (na).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na˧/

#### Adjective

na
* ill

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *hnaar, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-na. Cognates include Tibetan སྣ (sna) and Burmese နှာ (hna).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /na˧/

#### Noun

na
* nose

### References

* Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 47

## Zulu
### Etymology 1

Possibly from na-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ná/

#### Particle

na
* Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

#### Pronunciation

IPA: /na/

#### Verb

-na
* (intransitive) to rain

##### Inflection
#### See also

* imvula

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “na”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na (3-8)”
* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “na”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na”