# 凔

| 凔 | U+51D4, &#20948; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51D4 |
| ← 凓 [U+51D3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 凕 → [U+51D5] |

## Translingual
### Han character

凔 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 戈一人戈口 (IMOIR), four-corner 3816$_7$, composition ⿰冫倉)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 133, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1688
* Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 300, character 7
* Unihan data for U+51D4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 凔
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 艙 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 倉 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 蒼 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ |
| 滄 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 傖 | *sʰaːŋ, *zraːŋ |
| 鶬 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 凔 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 槍 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 搶 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ |
| 蹌 | *sʰaŋ |
| 瑲 | *sʰaŋ |
| 牄 | *sʰaŋ |
| 嗆 | *sʰaŋs |
| 創 | *sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 瘡 | *sʰraŋ |
| 愴 | *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs |
| 鎗 | *sʰraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰaːŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).

### Etymology

Probably from 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs, “cold”). Also note similarities to Burmese ဆောင်း (hcaung:, “winter”).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cāng, chuàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄤ, ㄔㄨㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^1$ / cong$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cang
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻang$^1$
*** Yale: tsāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsang
*** Palladius: цан (can)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chuàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chuàng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻuang$^4$
*** Yale: chwàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuanq
*** Palladius: чуан (čuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^1$ / cong$^3$
*** Yale: chōng / chong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^1$ / tsong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^1$ / cong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɔːŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: tshang
Rime :
| Character | 凔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 七岡切 |
| Baxter | tshang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 凔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁaŋ/ |
| English | cold |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 凔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1130 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 倉 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaːŋ/ |

### Definitions

凔
* (literary, obsolete) cold, chilly
    From: Lost Book of Zhou, circa 4th – 1st centuries BCE
    Tiāndì zhījiān yǒu cāng rè, yòng qí dào zhě zhōng wú jié. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Jí yǎng, cāng rè, huá pí, qīngzhòng yǐ xíngtǐ yì. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### References

* “凔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “凔”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00213
* National Languages Promotion Committee, editor (1999), 《國語一字多音審訂表》 [Guóyǔ Yī Zì Duō Yīn Shěndìng Biǎo]‎ (in Chinese), Taipei: Ministry of Education, →ISBN, page 14

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): そう (sō)、しょう (shō)
* Kun: さむい (samui)、ひややかなさま (hiyayakanasama)

## Korean
### Hanja

凔 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.