# flora
## English
### Etymology

From Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈflɔː.ɹə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔːɹə

### Noun

flora (countable and uncountable, plural floras or florae or floræ)
* Plants considered as a group, especially those of a particular country, region, time, etc.
** 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page viii:Thirdly, I continue to attempt to interdigitate the taxa in our flora with taxa of the remainder of the world.
* A book describing the plants of a country, region, time, etc.
** 1999, J. G. Baker, Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles:He intended to publish a flora of the island, and drafted out a synonymic catalogue, into which he inserted from time to time elaborate descriptions drawn up from living specimens of the species which he was able to procure.
** 2000, Daniel R. Headrick, When Information Came of Age, page 26:Nowhere was the victory of Linnaeanism more complete than in Britain. When William Hudson's Flora Anglica, organized in the Linnaean manner, appeared in 1762, it displaced all previous floras.
* The microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body.
    gut flora, intestinal flora
** 1920, Robert L. Tweed, A Study of the Effect of Milk Upon the Bacterial Flora of the Intestinal Tract:
** 1947, Adelaide Evangeline Evenson, The Intestinal Flora of Laboratory Animals and Its Modification by Diet and Drugs:
** 1977, Betty H. K. Dee, The Aerobic Bacterial Flora of the Intestinal Tract of Marine Fishes:
** 1977, United States Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, page 191:The host effects upon the flora of both the small intestine and the large intestine must be examined.
** 2003 December 11, Moselio Schaechter, Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 520:Approximately 3% of healthy adults harbor C. difficile in the intestinal tract. […] In contrast, the flora of the cecum is predominantly gram negative, with Bacteroides and Selenomonas being the major constituents.
** 2013 March 31, Chetana Vaishnavi, Infections of the Gastrointestinal System, JP Medical Ltd, →ISBN, page 5:[…] Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides and Spirochetes that characterize the flora of the large intestine.

#### Synonyms

* (microorganisms): microflora

#### Hypernyms

* biota

#### Coordinate terms

* fauna
* funga

#### Derived terms

* bacterial flora
* cryptoflora
* dendroflora
* disaster flora
* ethnoflora
* Flora Day
* floriferous
* floristic
* intestinal flora
* lamp flora
* macroflora
* megaflora
* mycoflora
* palaeoflora
* paleoflora
* palynoflora
* subflora

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* FoLAR, folar

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers), from flōs (“blossom”). First attested in the 20th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈflɔ.ɾə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈflɔ.ɾa]

### Noun

flora f (uncountable)
* flora

#### Coordinate terms

* fauna

#### Derived terms

* florístic

#### Related terms

* flor

### Further reading

* “flora” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

From Latin Flōra (Roman goddess of flowers).

### Noun

flora
* flora
    Synonym: (more common) nebatat

#### Declension
### References

* Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
* “flora”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin flōra, from Flōra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfloː.raː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: flo‧ra
* Rhymes: -oːraː

### Noun

flora f (plural flora's)
* flora (plant life, in particular the plant living or endemic in a certain area)
    Synonym: plantenwereld
* flora (plant book)
    Synonyms: floragids, plantenboek

#### Derived terms

* darmflora
* duinflora
* floradistrict
* floragids
* stadsflora
* veldflora

#### Related terms

* Fleur
* fleurig
* florisant

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: flora

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From floro +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈflora]
* Rhymes: -ora
* Hyphenation: flo‧ra

### Adjective

flora (accusative singular floran, plural floraj, accusative plural florajn)
* (botany) floral

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch flora, from Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers), flōs (“blossom”), from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-s (“flower, blossom”), from *bʰleh₃- (“to bloom”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈflora]
* Hyphenation: flo‧ra

### Noun

flora (uncountable)
* flora:
** (botany) plants considered as a group, especially those of a particular country, region, time, etc.
** (botany) a book describing the plants of a country, region, time, etc.
** (microbiology) the microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body.

### Further reading

* “flora” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈflɔ.ra/
* Rhymes: -ɔra
* Hyphenation: flò‧ra

### Noun

flora f (plural flore)
* flora

#### Derived terms

* flora batterica

### Anagrams

* farlo

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin Flora, goddess of flowers.

### Noun

flora m (definite singular floraen, indefinite plural floraer, definite plural floraene)
* (botany) flora

### References

* “flora” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “flora” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Latin Flora, goddess of flowers.

### Noun

flora m (definite singular floraen, indefinite plural floraer or floraar, definite plural floraene or floraane)
* (botany) flora

### References

* “flora” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfloː.rɑ/

### Noun

flōra
* inflection of flōr:
** nominative/accusative plural
** genitive singular/plural
** dative singular

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin Flōra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈflɔ.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔra
* Syllabification: flo‧ra
* Homophone: Flora

### Noun

flora f
* flora (plants considered as a group)
    Synonyms: roślinność, szata roślinna
    Antonym: fauna

#### Derived terms

* flora bakteryjna

### Further reading

* flora in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* flora in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* flora in PWN's encyclopedia

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈflɔ.ɾɐ/
* Homophone: Flora
* Hyphenation: flo‧ra

### Noun

flora f (plural floras)
* flora (plants of a region considered as a group)
* flora (the microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body)
    Flora intestinal. ― Gut flora.

#### Related terms

* flor
* florescer
* florir

### Further reading

* “flora”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /flôːra/
* Hyphenation: flo‧ra

### Noun

flȏra f (Cyrillic spelling фло̑ра)
* flora

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfloɾa/ [ˈflo.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -oɾa
* Syllabification: flo‧ra

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin Flōra (“Flora (goddess of flowers)”).

#### Noun

flora f (plural floras)
* flora

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

flora
* inflection of florar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “flora”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /fluːra/

### Noun

flora c
* flora (vegetation, book)
    Antonym: fauna