# მგელი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Old Georgian მგელი (mgeli); see below.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɡeli]
* Hyphenation: მგე‧ლი
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

მგელი • (mgeli) (plural მგლები)
* wolf

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

## Old Georgian
### Etymology

Related to Mingrelian გერი (geri) and Laz მგერი (mgeri).
Since long connected with Old Armenian գայլ (gayl, “wolf”) and usually considered a borrowing from it, replacing the native term due to a taboo. Note that dialectal Armenian գել (gel) is a late development within Armenian and is not particularly relevant for the comparison.
According to Klimov's earlier work, from Proto-Georgian-Zan *mgel- (“wolf”), he however remarks that in Mingrelian-Laz *მგარ- (*mgar-) is expected. In Klimov's more recent works, he no longer reconstructs Proto-Georgian-Zan, and is inclined to agree with the Armenian origin.

### Noun

მგელი • (mgeli)
* wolf

#### Descendants

* Georgian: მგელი (mgeli)
* →? Laz: მგერი (mgeri), მჯვერი (mcveri), გვერი (gveri), გუ̂ერი (gûeri)
* →? Mingrelian: გერი (geri), ნგერი (ngeri)

### References

* ↑ Brosset, M. (1834) “Aperçu général de la langue géorgienne”, in Journal asiatique (in French), volume 14, page 378 of 369–405
* ↑ Tomaschek, Wilhelm (1883) “Review of Hübschmann 1883”, in Deutsche Litteraturzeitung (in German), volume IV, number 36, Berlin, columns 1253–1254
* ↑ Riabinin, Michel (1894) “Essai sur l'histoire comparée des liquides ivériennes”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume VIII, page 371 of 369–381
* ↑ Marr, N. (1901) Тексты и разыскания по армяно-грузинской филологии. Книга III. Ипполит. Толкование Песни песней. Грузинский текст по рукописи X в. [Texts and research in Armenian–Georgian philology. Book III. Hippolytus. Commentary on the Song of Songs. The Georgian text based on a 10th c. manuscript] (Издания Факультета восточных языков Императорского С.-Петербургского университета; 5)‎ (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page LXV
* ↑ Kluge, Theodor (1914) “Die Indo-Germanischen Lehnwörter im Georgischen (Suite)”, in Revue de linguistique et de philologie comparée‎ (in German), volume 47, Paris, page 31
* ↑ Solta, G. R. (1960) Die Stellung des Armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 9)‎ (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 33
* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գայլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 512b
* ↑ Gamkrelidze, Th. V., Ivanov, V. V. (1995) Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 80), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 416
* ↑ Tuite, Kevin, Schulze, Wolfgang (1998) “A Case of Taboo-Motivated Lexical Replacement in the Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus”, in Anthropological Linguistics‎, volume 40, number 3, page 372 of 363–383
* ↑ Greppin, John A. C. (2000) “Armenian and the Kartvelian Languages”, in Y. L. Arbeitman, editor, The Asia Minor Connexion: Studies on the Pre-Greek Languages in Memory of Charles Carter, Leuven – Paris: Peeters, page 88, footnote 18 of 85–91
* ↑ Fähnrich, Heinz (1994) Grammatik der altgeorgischen Sprache (in German), Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, page 250
* ↑ Klimov, G. A. (1964) “*mgel-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 130
* ↑ Климов, Г. А. (1969) “Абхазоадыгско-картвельские лексические параллели [Abkhaz-Adyghe and Kartvelian lexical parallels]”, in Этимология‎ (in Russian), number 1967, Moscow: Nauka, page 290 of 286–295
* ↑ Klimov, G. A. (1985) “Дополнения к этимологическому словарю картвельских языков. II [Additions to the Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages. II]”, in Этимология‎ (in Russian), number 1983, Moscow: Nauka, page 168 of 166–179
* ↑ Климов, Г. А. (1986) Введение в кавказское языкознание [Introduction to Caucasian Linguistics] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 124
* ↑ Klimov, G. A. (1994) Einführung in die kaukasische Sprachwissenschaft [Introduction to Caucasian Linguistics]‎ (in German), German adaptation by Jost Gippert, Hamburg: Buske Helmut, page 196

### Further reading

* Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “მგელი”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎ (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 225
* Deeters, Gerhard (1926) “Armenisch und Südkaukasisch. (Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Sprachmischung)”, in A. Dirr, editor, Caucasica: Zeitschrift für die Erforschung der Sprachen und Kulturen des Kaukasus‎ (in German), number 3, Leipzig: Verlag der Asia Major, page 67 of 37–82
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 397, considering the similarity with the Armenian accidental