# úr
## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse úr (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Preposition

úr (+ dative)
* out of
    fara úr klæðunum ― to undress
    draga bát úr neysti ― to pull a boat out of the boathouse
    úr jarni, viði, gulli ― (made) of iron, wood, wool
* from
    drekka úr fløsku ― to drink from the bottle
    fara úr einum felag ― to resign from a club
    hann slapp úr oynni ― he left the island
    stað úr stað ― from place to place
    úr øllum ættum ― from everywhere
    hann kemur úr Onglandi ― he comes from England
    umseta úr enskum ― translate from English
* off
    í ein útnyrðing úr Føroyum ― in the northwest off the Faroes

#### Antonyms

* í (“in”)

### Adverb

úr
* in expressions
    hava úr at gera ― to have much to do
    verða úr ― to happen

#### Synonyms

* (much): nógv
* (to happen): henda

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Of debated origin:
* From Proto-Finno-Ugric *urɜ (“man, male”).
* Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *ūŕ (“master, craftsman”). Compare Karakhanid اُوزْ (ūz, “skillful”) and Mongolian ур (ur, “handicraft, skill, craft”) which was probably also borrowed from Turkic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈuːr]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uːr

### Noun

úr (plural urak)
* master (someone who has control over something or someone)
    Synonym: (owner of a dog) gazda
    Antonym: szolga (“slave”)
* (Judaism, Christianity, capitalized) Lord
** 1908, revised Bible translation of Gáspár Károlyi, Isaiah 48:17:
    Így szól az Úr, Megváltód, Izráelnek Szentje: Én vagyok az Úr, Istened, ki tanítlak hasznosra, és vezetlek oly úton, a melyen járnod kell.Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: I am the Lord your God, who teaches you for your own good, who leads you in the way you should go.
    Synonym: Isten
* gentleman
    Synonym: úriember
    Coordinate term: hölgy
    Kint áll egy úr, és azt kérdezi, bejöhet-e. ― There is a gentleman standing outside, asking if he may come in.
* (on its own, with a first-person possessive suffix) sir, gentleman (term of address)
    Coordinate terms: asszonyom, hölgyem (also with a possessive suffix), kisasszony, fiatalember
    Uram! ― Sir!
    Hölgyeim és uraim! ― Ladies and gentlemen!
* (after surnames and certain occupational titles) Mr, Mr. (or omitted in English)
    Kovács úr ― Mr. Kovács (literally, “Mr. Smith”)
    doktor úr, mérnök úr, tanár/professzor úr, igazgató úr, bíró úr, often also nyomozó úr, író úr ― Doctor, Engineer, Professor, Manager, Judge; Inspector, Writer (especially as terms of address, cf. Your Honour)
    Coordinate terms: asszony, -nő
* (with a possessive suffix, dated, folksy) husband
    Az urammal egy vonatúton ismerkedtünk meg. ― My husband and I met each other on a train ride.
    Synonyms: férj, férjeura

#### Derived terms

* uradalom
* ural
* uralkodó
* uralom
* uras
* uraság
* uraskodik
* uratlan
* uraz
* urizál
* úrféle
* úri
* úrasszony
* úrdolga
* úrfelmutatás
* úrfi
* úrhölgy
* úristen
* úrleány
* úrlovas
* úrnő
* úrvacsora
* úrvezető
* apjaura
* bátyjaura
* fiatalúr
* földesúr
* főúr
* hadúr
* háziúr
* hűbérúr
* ifiúr
* kegyúr
* kényúr
* nagyúr
* önkényúr
* öregúr
* szobaúr
* tartományúr
* teremburáját (from teremtő +‎ urát)
* ténsúr
* várúr
* zászlósúr
* hölgyeim és uraim

### References

* ↑ úr in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
* ↑ Entry #1094 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

### Further reading

* úr in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uːr/
* Rhymes: -uːr

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German ur(e), from Old French ore (“time”).

#### Noun

úr n (genitive singular úrs, nominative plural úr)
* clock
* watch

##### Derived terms

* armbandsúr

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse ór (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”). More at or-.

#### Preposition

úr
* out of
* from
    Hver stal kökunni úr krúsinni í gær?Who stole the cookie from the jar (cookie jar) last night?

##### Derived terms

* bæta úr skák
* draga úr
* fara úr öskunni í eldinn
* ganga úr skugga um
* hrista fram úr erminni
* láta hendur standa fram úr ermum
* skara fram úr
* velta upp úr brauðmylsnu
* velta upp úr hveiti
* vera eins og álfur út úr hól

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uːɾˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish úr (“fresh”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros, from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, which derives from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”); see also Latin pūrus.

#### Adjective

úr (genitive singular masculine úir, genitive singular feminine úire, plural úra, comparative úire)
* fresh; new
* free, liberal
* moist
* (nominalized) anything fresh or new

##### Derived terms

* Oileán Úr
* úraigh
* úrscéal

### Etymology 2

Derived from Etymology 1 ("fresh") with a change of declension.

#### Noun

úr m (genitive singular úra) (literary)
* letter U in Ogham alphabet: ᚒ

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
nominative
úr
vocative
a úr
genitive
úra
dative
úr
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative
an t-úr
genitive
an úra
dative
leis an úr don úr :

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

úr m (genitive singular úir, nominative plural úir)
* Alternative form of iúr (“yew”)

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
úr
úir
vocative
a úir
a úra
genitive
úir
úr
dative
úr
úir
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an t-úr
na húir
genitive
an úir
na n-úr
dative
leis an úr don úr
leis na húir :

### Etymology 4
#### Determiner

úr
* Alternative form of bhur (“your pl”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 86
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 95
* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 úr”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “úr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “úr”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “úr”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ūrą, from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade form of *weh₁r- (“water”).

### Noun

úr n
* drizzle, spray
* (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚢ (u)

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: úr n
* Faroese: úr n
* Norwegian: ur m
* Old Swedish: ūr
** Swedish: (obsolete) ur
*** ⇒ Swedish: i ur och skur
** ⇒ Swedish: urvæta
** ⇒ Swedish: urväder
* → Early Scots: *ur
** Scots: ure, ur, oor (“drizzle”)
*** ⇒ Scots: urey, oorie, ourie (“rainy, hazy, rainbowy”)