# 質量
## Chinese
### Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 質(しつ)量(りょう) (shitsuryō)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhìliàng, zhíliàng, zhǐliàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄌㄧㄤˋ, ㄓˊ ㄌㄧㄤˋ, ㄓˇ ㄌㄧㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zat$^1$ loeng$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳt-liong
    (Hailu, HRS): zhid liong$^˖$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cék-liông
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zih$^6$ lyong$^5$ / zih$^6$ lyeng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chit-liōng / chit-liāng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziêh$^4$ liang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tseq-lian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhìliàng → zhìliang (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄌㄧㄤˋ → ㄓˋ ˙ㄌㄧㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhliång
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^4$-liang$^5$
*** Yale: jr̀-lyang
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh.lianq
*** Palladius: чжилян (čžiljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/ → /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhíliàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄌㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhliàng
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$-liang$^4$
*** Yale: jŕ-lyàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrlianq
*** Palladius: чжилян (čžiljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐliàng → zhǐliang (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˇ ㄌㄧㄤˋ → ㄓˇ ˙ㄌㄧㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐhliång
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^3$-liang$^5$
*** Yale: jř-lyang
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy.lianq
*** Palladius: чжилян (čžiljan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/ → /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴ li̯ɑŋ⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zat$^1$ loeng$^6$
*** Yale: jāt leuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzat$^7$ loeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zed$^1$ lêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐt̚⁵ lœːŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt-liong
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziid$^ˋ$ liong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zid$^5$ liong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚² li̯oŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zhid liong$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃit⁵⁻² lioŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cék-liông
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ l̃uɔŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zih$^6$ lyong$^5$ [Phonetic: zih$^4$ lyong$^5$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cih-liō̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siʔ¹⁻⁴² lyɒŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zih$^6$ lyeng$^5$ [Phonetic: zih$^7$ lyeng$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siʔ²⁻²⁴ lyøŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-liōng
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-liōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: citliong
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ liɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-liāng
*** Tâi-lô: tsit-liāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: citliang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ liaŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ liaŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziêh$^4$ liang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsieh liăng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sieʔ²⁻⁴ liaŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tseq-lian
*** MiniDict: tseh$^入$ lian
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$tseq-lian
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ³³ liã⁴⁴/

### Noun

質量
* (physics) mass
* (Mainland China) quality; standard; grade
    提高質量／提高质量 ― tígāo zhìliàng ― to improve quality
    教學質量／教学质量 ― jiàoxué zhìliàng ― quality of instruction
    空氣質量／空气质量 ― kōngqì zhìliàng ― air quality
    整體質量／整体质量 ― zhěngtǐ zhìliàng ― overall quality
* quality and quantity

#### Synonyms

* (quality):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 質, 品 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 品質, 成色, 質量 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 質量, 品質 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 品質 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 品質 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 質素, 品質 |

#### Derived terms

* 原子質量 / 原子质量 (yuánzǐ zhìliàng)
* 大質量弱相互作用粒子 / 大质量弱相互作用粒子 (dà zhìliàng ruò xiānghù zuòyòng lìzǐ)
* 摩爾質量 / 摩尔质量 (mó'ěr zhìliàng)
* 生活質量 / 生活质量 (shēnghuó zhìliàng)
* 約化質量 / 约化质量 (yuēhuà zhìliàng)
* 質量守恆 / 质量守恒 (zhìliàng shǒuhéng)
* 質量數 / 质量数 (zhìliàngshù)
* 超大質量黑洞 / 超大质量黑洞 (chāodà zhìliàng hēidòng)

#### See also

* 數量／数量 (shùliàng)
* 數目／数目 (shùmù)

### References

* ↑ 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 407

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 質 | 量 |
| しつ Grade: 5 | りょう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しつりょー [shìtsúꜜryòò] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕi̥t͡sɨɾʲo̞ː]

### Noun

質(しつ)量(りょう) • (shitsuryō)
* (physics) mass
* quality and quantity

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 質量 / 质量
* → Korean: 질량 (jillyang)
* → Vietnamese: chất lượng

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 質 | 量 |

### Noun

質量 • (jillyang or McCune-Reischauer: chillyang or Yale: cillyang) (hangeul 질량)
* hanja form of 질량 (“mass”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 質 | 量 |

### Noun

質量
* chữ Hán form of chất lượng (“quality”).