# discipline
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English [Term?], from Anglo-Norman, from Old French descipline, from Latin disciplina (“instruction”), from discipulus (“pupil”), influenced by disco (“to learn”), from Proto-Indo-European *dek- (“(cause to) accept”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪn/
* (US) IPA: /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/, /ˈdɪs.ə.plən/
** Audio (California):(file)

### Noun

discipline (countable and uncountable, plural disciplines)
* A controlled behaviour; self-control.
** a. 1729, John Rogers, The Difficulties of Obtaining Salvation:The most perfect, who have their passions in the best discipline, are yet obliged to be constantly on their guard.
** An enforced compliance or control.
*** 1956, Michael Arlen, “1/1/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days‎:The masters looked unusually stern, but it was the sternness of thought rather than of discipline.
** A systematic method of obtaining obedience.
*** 1871, Charles John Smith, Synonyms Discriminated:Discipline aims at the removal of bad habits and the substitution of good ones, especially those of order, regularity, and obedience.
*** 1973, Bible (New International Version), Hebrews 12:7:
    Endure hardship as discipline; God is treating you as his children. For what children are not disciplined by their father?
** A state of order based on submission to authority.
*** 1697, Virgil, “The Second Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:Their wildness lose, and, quitting nature's part, / Obey the rules and discipline of art.
** A set of rules regulating behaviour.
** A punishment to train or maintain control.
*** 1712 October 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “THURSDAY, October 2, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 499; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:giving her the discipline of the strapThe spelling has been modernized.
*** (Catholicism) A whip used for self-flagellation.
**** 2024 March 16, Antonia Cundy, “The Opus Dei diaries”, in FT Weekend, page 18:All she had done was give Teena a cilice, a barbed metal chain she was to tie around her thigh for two hours every day, and a discipline, a rope whip with knotted ends she was to use on her back when she prayed the Hail Mary.
*** A flagellation as a means of obtaining sexual gratification.
* A specific branch of knowledge, learning, or practice.
    Near-synonyms: specialty, speciality
    academic disciplines
** 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art.
** 1648, John Wilkins, Mathematical Magick:This mathematical discipline, by the help of geometrical principles, doth teach to contrive several weights and powers unto motion or rest.
** A category in which a certain art, sport or other activity belongs.

#### Synonyms

* (branch or category): field, sphere
* (punishment): penalty, sanction

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “controlled behaviour et al.”): spontaneity

#### Derived terms

* academic discipline
* antidiscipline
* camouflage discipline
* counterdiscipline
* disciplinability
* disciplineless
* discipline-specific
* disciplinism
* disciplinist
* home discipline
* interdiscipline
* market discipline
* metadiscipline
* multidiscipline
* nondiscipline
* petticoat discipline
* pseudo-discipline
* pseudodiscipline
* self-discipline
* subdiscipline
* superdiscipline
* time discipline
* transdisciplinarian
* undiscipline

#### Related terms

* disciple
* disciplinal
* disciplinarian
* disciplinary
* discipliner
* interdisciplinary
* multidisciplinary

#### See also

* castigation
* stricture

### Verb

discipline (third-person singular simple present disciplines, present participle disciplining, simple past and past participle disciplined)
* (transitive) To train someone by instruction and practice.
* (transitive) To teach someone to obey authority.
* (transitive) To punish someone in order to (re)gain control.
* (transitive) To impose order on someone.

#### Synonyms

* drill

#### Derived terms

* overdiscipline
* rediscipline

#### Related terms

* disciplined
* disciplinable
* disciplinarian

#### Translations
## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch discipline, from Old French discipline, from Latin disciplīna.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌdi.siˈpli.nə/, /ˌdɪ.siˈpli.nə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: dis‧ci‧pli‧ne
* Rhymes: -inə

### Noun

discipline f (plural disciplines, diminutive disciplinetje n)
* discipline, self-control
    Synonyms: zelfbeheersing, zelfcontrole
* discipline, regime of forcing compliance
* discipline, sanction
    Synonym: tucht
* discipline, branch
    Synonym: tak

#### Derived terms

* disciplinair
* disciplineren
* kadaverdiscipline
* kerndiscipline
* onderzoeksdiscipline
* sportdiscipline

#### Related terms

* discipel
* ongedisciplineerd

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: dissipline
* → Indonesian: disiplin

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di.si.plin/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin disciplīna.

#### Noun

discipline f (plural disciplines)
* discipline, sanction
* discipline, self-control
* discipline, branch

##### Derived terms

* disciplinaire
* discipliner

##### Related terms

* disciple

##### Descendants

* → Turkish: disiplin

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

discipline
* inflection of discipliner:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “discipline”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Noun

discipline f pl
* plural of disciplina

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /d͡ʒi.siˈplĩ.ni/
* (Brazil) IPA: /d͡ʒi.siˈplĩ.ni/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /d͡ʒi.siˈpli.ne/
* (Portugal) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /diʃ.siˈpli.nɨ/, /di.ʃiˈpli.nɨ/

### Verb

discipline
* inflection of disciplinar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Verb

discipline
* inflection of disciplinar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative