OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# იორკშირი
## Georgian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English Yorkshire.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ioɾkʼʃiɾi]
* Hyphenation: იორ‧კში‧რი

### Proper noun

იორკშირი • (iorḳširi)
* Yorkshire (a county of England)
# მწუხრი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Old Georgian მწუხრი (mc̣uxri). Akin to წუხილი (c̣uxili), წუხვა (c̣uxva), etc.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mt͡sʼuχɾi]
* Hyphenation: მწუხ‧რი

### Noun

მწუხრი • (mc̣uxri) (plural მწუხრები)
* dusk
    Synonym: ღამე (ɣame)

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# Skuček
## Czech
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈskut͡ʃɛk]

### Proper noun

Skuček m anim (female equivalent Skučková)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Skuček”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)
# საყვირი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Old Georgian საყჳრი (saq̇wiri), possibly from სა- (sa-) + the root of ყვირის (q̇viris, “yell”), hence "device for yelling".

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [saχʼʷiɾi]
* Hyphenation: საყ‧ვი‧რი

### Noun

საყვირი • (saq̇viri) (plural საყვირები)
* trumpet

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Derived terms

* იერიქონის საყვირი (ierikonis saq̇viri)
* მესაყვირე (mesaq̇vire)

### References

* Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “საყვირი”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎ (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 376
# rifirrafe
## Spanish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rifiˈrafe/ [ri.fiˈra.fe]
* Rhymes: -afe
* Syllabification: ri‧fi‧rra‧fe

### Noun

rifirrafe m (plural rifirrafes)
* altercation; row
    Synonyms: altercado, disputa
** 2015 September 19, “La suerte del campeón”, in El País‎:A punto de acabar el primer tiempo, con el marcador 0 a 0, Diego Costa, el delantero centro del Chelsea, inició un rifirrafe, con golpe en la cara a un adversario incluido, pero el árbitro no lo expulsó a él sino a un jugador del Arsenal, Gabriel Paulista.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2015 July 20, “Próximo objetivo cubano: debilitar el embargo”, in El País‎:Las posibilidades son muchas, suponiendo que los históricos rifirrafes entre Estados Unidos y Cuba remitan y no se malogre la cohabitación, todavía precaria porque ninguno de los dos países se ha apeando de sus convicciones de fondo.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Further reading

* “rifirrafe”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# 洩精
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xièjīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sit$^3$ zing$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siet-chîn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siap-cheng / sia̍p-cheng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xièjīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sièjing
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^4$-ching$^1$
*** Yale: syè-jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiehjing
*** Palladius: сецзин (seczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sit$^3$ zing$^1$
*** Yale: sit jīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sit$^8$ dzing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xid$^3$ jing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːt̚³ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siet-chîn
*** Hakka Romanization System: xied$^ˋ$ jin$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiad$^5$ jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯et̚² t͡sin²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siap-cheng
*** Tâi-lô: siap-tsing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siapzefng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍p-cheng
*** Tâi-lô: sia̍p-tsing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siabzefng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɪŋ³³/

### Verb

洩精
* to emit semen (as in a wet dream, etc.)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 遺精 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 遺精 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 跑馬 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 跑馬 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 走身 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 跑馬兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 跑馬, 遺精 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 遺精 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 遺精 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 遺精 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 走火 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 畫地圖 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 走身子 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 洩精 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 脫雞 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 走陽, 畫地圖 |
| Wu | Danyang | 走生 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 倒陽, 走陽 |

#### See also

* 夢遺／梦遗 (mèngyí)
# përkrah
## Albanian
### Etymology

From për- +‎ krah.

### Verb

përkrah (aorist përkraha, participle përkrahur)
* (transitive) to support

#### Conjugation

* Show compound tenses:

### Further reading

* “përkrah”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “përkrah”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
# ისევ
## Georgian
### Alternative forms

* ისევლე (isevle) — dialectal
* ისევა (iseva)

### Etymology

Clipping of ისევე (iseve)?

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [isev]

### Adverb

ისევ • (isev)
* again
    ისევ შენ? ― isev šen? ― you again?
* still (as always was/is)
    კომუნისტები ისევ არიან. ― ḳomunisṭebi isev arian. ― Comunists are still surviving.
* Used with some verbs to denote that the action described with the verb is unpleasant but better.
    წვიმს, ჩიტი კი ბუნაგს არ ტოვებს და ისევ შიმშილი ურჩევნია.c̣vims, čiṭi ḳi bunags ar ṭovebs da isev šimšili určevnia.It's raining, but the bird does not leave its lair and prefers hunger.

#### Synonyms

* კვლავ (ḳvlav)
* კვლავინდებურად (ḳvlavindeburad)
* ძველებურად (ʒveleburad)
* ხელახლა (xelaxla)
* კიდევ (ḳidev)
* ისევ-ისე (isev-ise)

#### Derived terms

* ისევ და ისევ (isev da isev)
* ჯერ ისევ (ǯer isev)
# მჭედელი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Old Georgian მჭედელი (mč̣edeli), from Proto-Kartvelian *m-č̣ed-el-. Equivalent to ჭედ- (č̣ed-) +‎ მ- -ელი (m- -eli).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mt͡ʃʼedeli]
* Hyphenation: მჭე‧დე‧ლი

### Noun

მჭედელი • (mč̣edeli) (plural მჭედლები)
* smith, blacksmith

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

#### Related terms

* ჭედვა (č̣edva)

#### Descendants

* → Bats: მჭედელ (mč̣edel)

## Old Georgian
### Etymology

From Proto-Kartvelian *m-č̣ed-el-.

### Noun

მჭედელი • (mč̣edeli)
* smith, blacksmith

#### Descendants

* Georgian: მჭედელი (mč̣edeli) (see there for further descendants)

### Further reading

* Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “მჭედელი”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎ (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 312b
# Levitner
## Czech
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlɛvɪtnɛr]

### Proper noun

Levitner m anim (female equivalent Levitnerová)
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Levitner”, in Příjmení.cz (in Czech)
# მხატვრული
## Georgian
### Etymology

From მხატვარი (mxaṭvari) +‎ -ული (-uli).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mχatʼʷɾuli]
* Hyphenation: მხატ‧ვრუ‧ლი

### Adjective

მხატვრული • (mxaṭvruli) (comparative უფრო მხატვრული, superlative ყველაზე მხატვრული)
* artistic
# gaišmatainākiem
## Latvian
### Adjective

gaišmatainākiem
* dative/instrumental masculine plural of gaišmataināks
# nonpattern
## English
### Etymology

From non- +‎ pattern.

### Noun

nonpattern (plural nonpatterns)
* Absence of pattern.
** 2017 January 1, Florian Breit, “The Distribution of English Isograms in Google Ngrams and the British National Corpus”, in Bangor University‎, pages 1-2:As opposed to the more strict requirements of non-repetition in nonpattern words such as those in (1), the term isogram can be construed more widely to capture the notion of any word in which each letter of the alphabet occurs exactly the same number of times (cf. Borgmann 1974).
# ისლი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Proto-Georgian-Zan *isl-. Cognate with Mingrelian ისირი (isiri), ლისირი (lisiri), Laz ისირი (isiri), ისიჲი (isiyi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [isli]
* Hyphenation: ის‧ლი

### Noun

ისლი • (isli) (plural ისლები)
* sedge, sedges

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

### References

* ↑ Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 82
* ↑ Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 214
* Maq̇ašvili, Aleksandre (1961) “ისლი”, in Boṭaniḳuri leksiḳoni [Botanical Dictionary]‎, 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Sabč̣ota Sakartvelo
# საყოფაცხოვრებო ხელსაწყო
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [saχʼopʰat͡sʰχovɾebo χelsat͡sʼχʼo]
* Hyphenation: სა‧ყო‧ფა‧ცხოვ‧რე‧ბო ხელ‧სა‧წყო

### Noun

საყოფაცხოვრებო ხელსაწყო • (saq̇opacxovrebo xelsac̣q̇o) (plural საყოფაცხოვრებო ხელსაწყოები)
* household appliance, home appliance, domestic appliance

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# gaišmatainākos
## Latvian
### Adjective

gaišmatainākos
* inflection of gaišmataināks:
** locative masculine plural
** definite accusative masculine plural
# gaišmataini
## Latvian
### Adjective

gaišmataini
* nominative masculine plural of gaišmatains

### Adverb

gaišmataini
* blond, fair-haired, fair-haired-like, in a fair-haired way; adverbial form of gaišmatains
# gaišo
## Latvian
### Adjective

gaišo
* inflection of gaišs:
** definite vocative/accusative/instrumental masculine/feminine singular
** definite genitive masculine/feminine plural
# garajā
## Latvian
### Adjective

garajā
* definite locative masculine/feminine singular of garš
# garajos
## Latvian
### Adjective

garajos
* definite locative masculine plural of garš
# garas
## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ga‧ras

### Noun

garas
* a scratch; a disruption, mark or shallow cut on a surface made by scratching

### Verb

garas
* to scratch; to mark a surface with a sharp object

## French
### Verb

garas
* second-person singular past historic of garer

## Hungarian
### Etymology

A wanderword. Probably via Czech. Ultimately from Latin grossus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡɒrɒʃ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ga‧ras
* Rhymes: -ɒʃ

### Noun

garas (plural garasok)
* farthing
* money of very small amount, penny
    Egy garasom sincs. ― I have not a penny.

#### Derived terms

* garasnyi
* garasos
* garasoskodik
* egy lyukas garast sem ér
* fogához veri a garast
* leteszi a garast

### References

* ↑ garas in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* garas in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Latvian
### Adjective

garas
* inflection of garš:
** genitive feminine singular
** nominative/accusative feminine plural

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Nominal derivation from garė́ti (“to evaporate”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡä̌ːrɐs̪]

### Noun

gãras m (plural garai̇̃) stress pattern 4
* steam

#### Synonyms

* migla f, rūkas m

#### Derived terms

* garlaivis m

### References

* ↑ Derksen, Rick (2015) “garas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164

### Anagrams

* garsa, grasa, ragas

## Northern Sami
### Etymology

From Proto-Samic *kërës.

### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈkaras/

### Adjective

garas (comparative garrasit, superlative garraseamos)
* hard (not soft)
* tough
* strong
* sharp
* intense, violent
* strict, severe, harsh

#### Derived terms

* garrasit

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɑːrɑs/

### Noun

gāras
* plural of gār

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English grass.

### Noun

garas
* Alternative form of gras
# garāka
## Latvian
### Adjective

garāka
* inflection of garāks:
** genitive masculine singular
** nominative feminine singular
# gardajai
## Latvian
### Adjective

gardajai
* definite dative feminine singular of gards
# straint
## English
### Etymology

From Old French estrainte, estreinte, French étrainte. See strain.

### Noun

straint
* (obsolete) strain (tension of overexertion)
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:That with the straint o his weasand nigh he brast

### References

* “straint”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* start in, transit, Transit, startin', Tristan
# მხოლოდშობილი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From მხოლოდ (mxolod, “only”) +‎ შობილი (šobili, “born”).
The adjective sense is probably due to the confusion with დედიშობილა (dedišobila).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mχoɫodʃobili]
* Hyphenation: მხო‧ლოდ‧შო‧ბი‧ლი

### Noun

მხოლოდშობილი • (mxolodšobili) (plural მხოლოდშობილები)
* only child
    Synonym: დედისერთა (dediserta)

### Adjective

მხოლოდშობილი • (mxolodšobili) (not comparable)
* (nonstandard, proscribed) naked
    Synonym: დედიშობილა (dedišobila)
# ისტორიულ-შედარებითი ენათმეცნიერება
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [istʼoɾiulʃedaɾebitʰi enatʰmet͡sʰnieɾeba]
* Hyphenation: ის‧ტო‧რი‧ულ-შე‧და‧რე‧ბი‧თი ენათ‧მეც‧ნი‧ე‧რე‧ბა

### Noun

ისტორიულ-შედარებითი ენათმეცნიერება • (isṭoriul-šedarebiti enatmecniereba) (uncountable)
* (linguistics) historical linguistics, historical-comparative linguistics
    Synonyms: ისტორიული ენათმეცნიერება (isṭoriuli enatmecniereba), ისტორიული ლინგვისტიკა (isṭoriuli lingvisṭiḳa)

#### Usage notes

The mainstream term to refer to historical linguistics in Georgian language. Paired with comparative linguistics, as historical-comparative linguistics.

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# frenemy
## English
### Alternative forms

* frienemy

### Etymology

Blend of friend +‎ enemy. Likely to have been invented independently multiple times.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɹɛ.nɪ.mi/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

frenemy (plural frenemies) (sometimes humorous)
* Someone who has traits of an enemy and a friend.
** 1987, by Eric B. and Rakim (lyrics and music), “I Ain't No Joke”, in Paid in Full:Another enemy / Not even a frenemy.
** 1998, New Radicals (lyrics and music), “You Get What You Give”:Frienemies who when you're down ain't your friend
** 2001, John Lanchester, The Debt to Pleasure.‎:In France the Seine has all the advantages of Northernness (a quality underrated by our Gallic frenemy) but it is too fatally interested in Paris [...]
** 2004, Andrea Semple, The Ex-Factor‎, back cover:You know when you dump a guy, only to discover years later that he's evolved into the perfect boyfriend—for the high-school frenemy who convinced you to dump him in the first place...?
** 2005, Joanne Meyer, Single Girl's Guide to Murder‎, back cover:So why did we break up? Enter Blaize St. John, frenemy extraordinaire. She came, she saw, she stole my boyfriend.
** 2007 June 18, Time:Gates made a rare and instructive appearance with his longtime frenemy Steve Jobs.
* A fair-weather friend who is also a rival.
** 2008 April 6, Erin Ehrlich, Six Characters in Search of a House (King of the Hill), season 12, episode 17, spoken by Bill Dauterive (Stephen Root):So, we're definitely not going to be friends with Ferguson? Maybe we can be frenemies. A love-hate relationship's the next best thing.

#### Synonyms

    The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.
* betrayer
* double-crosser
* traitor
* palhole
* friend-foe

#### Derived terms

* frenemyship

#### Translations
### See also

* backfriend
* love-hate
* on-again, off-again
* frenemy on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# snid
## Old High German
### Verb

snīd
* second-person singular present imperative of snīdan

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *snidą (“cut”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /snid/

### Noun

snid m
* a cut
* a saw

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “snid”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “snid”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

## Volapük
### Noun

snid (nominative plural snids)
* sneeze

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only
# gardas
## Esperanto
### Verb

gardas
* present of gardi

## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

gardas
* second-person singular past historic of garder

## Galician
### Verb

gardas
* second-person singular present indicative of gardar

## Latvian
### Adjective

gardas
* inflection of gards:
** genitive feminine singular
** nominative/accusative feminine plural

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas (“enclosure”).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

gar̃das m (plural gardai̇̃) stress pattern 4
* fence, enclosure, stall
# საშობაო
## Georgian
### Alternative forms

* საშობო (sašobo)

### Etymology

From შობა (šoba, “Christmas”) +‎ სა- -ო (sa- -o).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [saʃobao]
* Hyphenation: სა‧შო‧ბაო

### Adjective

საშობაო • (sašobao) (indeclinable, comparative უფრო საშობაო, superlative ყველაზე საშობაო)
* (attributive) Christmas
    საშობაო ნაძვის ხე ― sašobao naʒvis xe ― Christmas-tree
    საშობაო ჰიმნი ― sašobao himni ― Christmas carol

#### Derived terms

* შობა-ახალი წელი (šoba-axali c̣eli)
* საშობაო მარხვა (sašobao marxva)

#### Related terms

* საახალწლო (saaxalc̣lo)
* წინასაახალწლო (c̣inasaaxalc̣lo)

### References

* Kankava, Mixail (1965) “საშობაო”, in Kratkij gruzinsko-russkij slovarʹ [A Concise Georgian–Russian Dictionary], Tbilisi: Ganatleba
# tropiezo
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /tɾoˈpjeθo/ [t̪ɾoˈpje.θo]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /tɾoˈpjeso/ [t̪ɾoˈpje.so]
* Rhymes: -eθo
* Rhymes: -eso
* Syllabification: tro‧pie‧zo

### Etymology 1

Deverbal of tropezar.

#### Noun

tropiezo m (plural tropiezos)
* stumbling block, obstacle, setback
    Synonyms: contratiempo, dificultad
** 1726, Benito Jerónimo Feijóo, Teatro crítico universal:Pero, aun quando se considere el Amianto invencible à toda operacion del fuego, resta otro tropiezo totalmente insuperableBut, even if asbestos is considered invincible to fire, there is another insurmountable stumbling block
* blunder
    Synonyms: error, fallo, patochada, desliz, tarro, pifia, gazapo

##### Related terms

* tropezoso

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

tropiezo
* first-person singular present indicative of tropezar

### Further reading

* “tropiezo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# алтамс
## Erzya
### Alternative forms

* (dated) алстамс (alstams)

### Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *alɜ- (“to recite an incantation, cast a spell on, enchant”). Cognate with Eastern Mari улдаш (uldaš, “to pray”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /altams/

### Verb

алтамс • (altams) (present алты, past алтась)
* to promise
    тейтересь алтась самс ― tejtereś altaś sams ― the daughter promised to come
** 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 50:Seń kis son božamo marto altaź sonenze maksoms, meze väši.That he promised with an oath to give her whatever she asked.
* to devote, to dedicate

#### Conjugation

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

### References

* B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “алтамс”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
* Entry #9 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
# амолямс
## Erzya
### Alternative forms

* амольдямс (amolďams)

### Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *aməľəms, inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ama- (“to scoop”). Cognate with Finnish amme (“bathtub”), ammen (“scoop”), ammentaa (“to scoop”), Eastern Mansi [script needed] (ūmp).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /amolʲams/

### Verb

амолямс • (amoľams) (present амоли, past амолясь)
* to scoop out, to draw out (liquid)
    амольдямс лейстэ ведь ― amolďams lejstë veď ― to draw water from a river
** 1910, Makar Evsevievich Evseviev, Gospoda nashego Iisusa Hrista Svyatoe Evangelie ot Matfeya, Marka, Luki i Ioanna na mordovskom yazyke‎, page 229:Сон мери тенст: ней амольдядо да кандодо свадьбань покшосьтень. Сынь кандсть.Son meri tenst: nej amolďado da kandodo svaďbań pokšosteń. Sïń kandsť.Then he told them, “Now draw some out and take it to the master of the banquet.” They did so.

### References

* B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “амолямс”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
* Entry #10 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.