# صاحب
## Arabic
### Etymology

Derived from the active participle of صَحِبَ (ṣaḥiba, “to accompany”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤaː.ħib/

### Noun

صَاحِب • (ṣāḥib) m (plural أَصْحَاب (ʔaṣḥāb) or صُحْبَان (ṣuḥbān) or صِحَاب (ṣiḥāb) or صَحْب (ṣaḥb), feminine صَاحِبَة (ṣāḥiba))
* associate, companion, comrade, friend
    صَاحِبِي فِي الْعَمَلِ مُسَاعِدٌ جَيِّدٌ وَنَتَعَاوَنُ مَعًا بِشَكْلٍ مُمْتَازٍ.ṣāḥibī fī l-ʕamali musāʕidun jayyidun wanataʕāwanu maʕan bišaklin mumtāzin.My colleague at work is a helpful and cooperative person, and we work together in a harmonious manner.
* adherent, follower
* (with a following genitive) man, owner, possessor, holder, master, lord, commander, representative, author
    Synonym: ذُو (ḏū)
    Hyponym: مَالِك (mālik)
* inhabitant, dweller
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 9:70:أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَصْحَابِ مَدْيَنَ وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ ۚ أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ۖ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِن كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَʔalam yaʔtihim nabaʔu llaḏīna min qablihim qawmi nūḥin waʕādin waṯamūda waqawmi ʔibrāhīma waʔaṣḥābi madyana wālmuʔtafikāti ʔatathum rusuluhum bi-l-bayyināti famā kāna l-lahu liyaẓlimahum walākin kānū ʔanfusahum yaẓlimūna(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* warden
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 74:31:وَمَا جَعَلْنَا أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَائِكَةً […]wamā jaʕalnā ʔaṣḥāba an-nāri ʔillā malāʔikatan […](please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* يَا صَاحِ (yā ṣāḥi)

#### Descendants

* Maltese: sieħeb
* → Armenian: սոհբաթ (sohbatʻ)
* → Azerbaijani: sahib
* → Indonesian: sohib
* → Ottoman Turkish: صاحب
** Turkish: sahip
** → Albanian: sahib
** → Crimean Tatar: sahip, saip
** → Middle Armenian: սահիպ (sahip)
* → Pashto: صيب
* → Persian: صاحب
** → Bengali: সাহেব (śaheb)
** → Gujarati: સાહેબ (sāheb)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: साहिब (sāhib), साहब (sāhab)
    Urdu: صاحب (sāhib, sāhab, sāhb, sāb)
*** → English: sahib
*** → Phalura: سیب (seéb)
*** → Ushojo: صیب (seb)
** → Marathi: साहेब (sāheb)
** → Punjabi: ਸਾਹਬ / صاحب (sāhab)
** → Marwari: सायब (sāyab)
** → Uzbek: sohib
* → Swahili: sahibu
* → Uyghur: ساھىب (sahib)

#### See also

* صَدِيق (ṣadīq)

### Verb

صَاحَبَ • (ṣāḥaba) III (non-past يُصَاحِبُ (yuṣāḥibu), verbal noun مُصَاحَبَة (muṣāḥaba) or صِحَاب (ṣiḥāb))
* to accompany, to go with

#### Conjugation
### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “صحب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤaː.ħib/, [sˤaː.ħɪb]

### Noun

صاحِب • (ṣāḥib) m (plural أصْحاب (ʔaṣḥāb), feminine صاحْبة (ṣāḥba))
* friend, companion
    أنا مَع صَاحْبي ― ʔana maʕ ṣāḥbi ― I'm with my friend
* (with a following genitive) owner, possessor, representative

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤaːħɪb/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

صاحب • (ṣāḥeb) m (plural صحاب (ṣḥāb), feminine صاحبة (ṣāḥba), diminutive صحيب (ṣḥiyyab))
* friend
    Synonym: عشير (ʕšīr)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib, “owner, possessor”).

### Noun

صاحب • (sâhib) (feminine صاحبه (sâhibe), definite accusative صاحبی (sâhibi), plural اصحاب (eshâb))
* owner, possessor, holder, proprietor, one who owns, holds, or possesses something
    Synonyms: ایكه (iğe, iye), مالك (mâlik)
* patron, protector, an influential or wealthy person who protects or supports someone
    Synonym: حامی (hâmi)

#### Derived terms

* املاك صاحبی (emlâk sâhibi, “landowner”)
* او صاحبی (ev sâhibi, “landlord”)
* تیمار صاحبی (timar sâhibi, “Timariot”)
* سرمایه صاحبی (sermâye sâhibi, “capitalist”)
* سوز صاحبی (söz sâhibi, “arbiter”)
* صاحب امتیاز (sâhib-i imtiyâz, “possessor of a privilege”)
* صاحب ثروت (sâhib-i servet, “man of wealth”)
* صاحب جمال (sâhib-i cemâl, “handsome man”)
* صاحب خانه (sâhib-i hâne, “landlord”)
* صاحب دل (sâhib dil, “bold, audacious”)
* صاحب دولت (sâhib-i devlet, “sovereign”)
* صاحب دین (sâhib-i din, “creditor”)
* صاحب رشد (sâhib-i rüşd, “man of good judgement”)
* صاحب رطبه (sâhib-i rütbe, “ranked soldier”)
* صاحب سكه و خطبه (sâhib-i sikke ve hutbe, “sovereign who coins money in his own name”)
* صاحب ظهور (sâhib zuhur, “one who raises himself to power”)
* صاحب فراش (sâhib firâş, “bedridden”)
* صاحب كمال (sâhib kemâl, “accomplished”)
* صاحب ناموس (sâhib-i namus, “inspired lawgiver”)
* صاحب نظر (sâhib nazar, “prudent”)
* صاحب چیقمق (sâhib çıkmak, “to advocate”)
* صاحبسز (sâhibsiz, “ownerless”)
* صاحبقران (sâhibkıran, “conqueror”)
* صاحبلك (sâhiblik, “ownership”)
* طوپراق صاحبی (toprak sâhibi, “landowner”)
* مال صاحبی (mal sâhibi, “owner of a property”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: sahip
* → Albanian: sahib
* → Crimean Tatar: sahip, saip
* → Middle Armenian: սահիպ (sahip)

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “صاحب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 176
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sahip”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4020
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “sahib”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1093
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “صاحب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 745
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Possessor”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1322
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “صاحب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2909
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sahip”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صاحب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1152

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sɑː.ˈhiβ], [sɑː.ˈhaβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɑː.ɦɪ́b], [sɑː.ɦǽb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sɑː.ɦɪ́b], [sɑː.ɦǽb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [seːb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [sɔː.jíb̥], [sɔːǽb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sɒː.ɦéb̥], [sɒː.ɦǽb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sɔ.ɦíb], [sɔ.ɦǽb]

### Noun

صاحِب • (sâheb) (plural صاحبان (sâhebân) or صاحب‌ها (sâheb-hâ))
* owner; master
    Synonym: مالک (mâlek)
    صاحب ماشین ― sâheb-e mâšin ― owner of the car
* author
    Synonym: نویسنده (nevisande)
* (with the ezâfe) parent (of)
    صاحب یک پسر و دختر هستم.sâheb-e yek pesar o doxtar hastam.I am the parent of a son and a daughter.
* (Dari, Indo-Persian, very formal, otherwise dated) sir; mister; gentleman
    Synonyms: آقا (âqâ), جناب (janâb) (Dari)
* Used, usually without the ezâfe, to form compound nouns meaning "those who possess [trait]" or "those who are distinguished by [trait]".
    ‎صاحب (sâheb) + ‎دل (del, “heart”) → ‎صاحبدل (sâhebdel, “pure-hearted person; empathetic person”)
    ‎صاحب (sâheb) + ‎سخن (soxan, “speech”) → ‎صاحب سخن (sâheb soxan, “speaker”)

#### Derived terms

* صاحب اختیار (sâheb extiyâr)
* صاحب اعتبار (sâheb e'tebâr)
* صاحب جمال (sâheb jamâl)
* صاحب خانه (sâheb xâne)
* صاحب خیر (sâheb xeyr)
* صاحب سخن (sâheb soxan)
* صاحب قران (sâheb qerân)
* صاحب ناموس (sâheb nâmus)
* صاحب نظر (sâheb nazar)
* صاحب نفس (sâheb nafas)
* صاحب هنر (sâheb honar)
* صاحب وجود (sâheb vojud)
* صاحب کار (sâheb kâr)
* صاحب کمال (sâheb kamâl)
* صاحبدل (sâhebdel)
* صاحب‌الزمان (sâheb-oz-zamân)

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: সাহেব (śaheb)
* → Gujarati: સાહેબ (sāheb)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: साहिब (sāhib), साहब (sāhab)
    Urdu: صاحب (sāhib, sāhab, sāhb, sāb)
** → English: sahib
** → Phalura: سیب (seéb)
** → Ushojo: صیب (seb)
* → Marathi: साहेब (sāheb)
* → Punjabi: ਸਾਹਬ / صاحب (sāhab)
* → Marwari: सायब (sāyab)
* → Uzbek: sohib

## Punjabi
### Etymology

From Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Punjabi) IPA: /säː˦bᵊ/

### Noun

صاحب • (sāhab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਹਿਬ)
* master
* owner
* lord
    Synonym: مالک (mālak)

### Proper noun

صاحب • (sāhab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਹਿਬ)
* (Sikhism) God
    Synonyms: ربّ (rab), واہےگُرو (wāhegurū)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic صَاحَبَ (ṣāḥaba).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤaː.ħab/, [ˈsˤɑː.ħɑb]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

صاحب • (ṣāḥab) III (present بصاحب (biṣāḥeb))
* to befriend
    ما بحبّ تصاحب أولاد يستخدمو ألفاظ سيئة.mā baḥebb tṣāḥeb ʔawlād yistaḵdimu ʔalfāẓ sayʔaI don't like that you befriend kids who use cusswords.
* (by extension) to become someone's boyfriend or girlfriend

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤaː.ħeb/, [ˈsˤɑː.ħɪb]
* Audio (Jerusalem):(file)

#### Noun

صاحب • (ṣāḥeb) m (plural أصحاب (ʔaṣḥāb) or صحاب (ṣḥāb), feminine صاحبة (ṣāḥbe))
* friend, companion
    Synonym: صديق (ṣadīq)
* (by extension) boyfriend
* owner, possessor
    صاحب البيت ― ṣāḥeb il-bēt ― the landlord (literally, “the owner of the house”)
    Audio (Ramallah):(file)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian صاحب (ṣāḥib), from Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /sɑː.ɦɪb/
** (obsolete) IPA: /sɑː.ɦəb/
* (Punjabic Urdu) IPA: /sɑːb/, /sɑː.ɦəb/
* Rhymes: -ɪb
* Hyphenation: صا‧حِب

### Noun

صاحِب • (sāhib) m (feminine صاحبہ, Hindi spelling साहिब)
* sir
* mister
* lord

### Further reading

* “صاحب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “صاحب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “صاحب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.