# dobeir
## Middle Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish do·beir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doˈbʲerʲ/

### Verb

do·beir (prototonic ·tabair, verbal noun tabairt)
* to bring, take
** c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, lines 13–14:In fer no·t⟨h⟩ēged iarsint ṡligi do·bered in n-aēl isin coiri, ocus a·taibred din chētgabāil, iss ed no·ithed. Mani·tucad immurgu ní din chéttadall ni·bered a n-aill.Each man who came along the passage would put the flesh-fork into the cauldron, and whatever he took at the first grabbing, it was that which he ate. If, however, he did not take anything at (literally “from”) his first thrust, he did not bring the second.
* to give
* to place, put
** c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 13:In fer no·t⟨h⟩ēged iarsint ṡligi do·bered in n-aēl isin coiri, ocus a·taibred din chētgabāil, iss ed no·ithed.Each man who came along the passage would put the flesh-fork into the cauldron, and whatever he brought (out) at the first taking, it was that which he ate.(literally, “The man who…”)

#### Conjugation

* Third-person singular imperfect indicative deuterotonic: do·bered
* Third-person singular past subjunctive prototonic: ·taibred
Perfective forms derived from do·uic (“bring”)
* Third-person singular imperfect indicative prototonic: ·tucad

#### Descendants

* Irish: bheir, tabhair
* Manx: ver, toyr
* Scottish Gaelic: bheir, tabhair, thoir

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dobeir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From to- +‎ beirid.
The perfective form do·rat is from to- +‎ ro- +‎ ad- + Proto-Celtic *dāti, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃t (“to give”).
The perfective form do·uic is originally a causative “to make something arrive” of do·icc (“to come”). These forms may become conflated with the unrelated verb do·ucai (“to understand”) and in some contexts it may be unclear which of the two verbs is intended.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [doˈbʲerʲ]

### Verb

do·beir (prototonic ·tabair, verbal noun tabairt)
* to bring
** c. 850-875, Turin Glosses and Scholia on St Mark, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 484–94, Tur. 110c
    Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu and ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain there by the people for their sins.
* to give
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13$^b$15
    Is gúḟorcell do·beram do Día amal ṡodin.It is false testimony that we give to God in that case.
* to place, put
** c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 63$^a$17
    Amal nád ṅdéni neutur dindí as Tiberis cía do·berthar flumen friss, síc ní déni neutur dindí as Suthul ci ad·comaltar oppidum friss.As it does not make a neuter of [that which is] Tiberis that flumen is put with it, so it does not make a neuter of [that which is] Suthul, that oppidum is conjoined to it.
* to inflict (punishment)
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 42$^a$4
    Ní·guid dígail du thabairt foraib, acht corru·anat inna arrad.He prays not that punishment should be inflicted on them, but that they may remain in his company.
For more quotations using this term, see Citations:dobeir.

#### Derived terms

* do·beir ainm do
* do·beir anál fo
* do·beir druimm fri
* do·beir fo
* do·beir glún fri gliaid
* do·beir mallachta for
* fo·tabair
* fris·tabair
* imm·tabair

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: do·beir
** Irish: bheir, tabhair
** Manx: ver, toyr
** Scottish Gaelic: bheir, tabhair, thoir
* From ·tuic(c):
** Irish: tugann, thug etc.
** Manx: hug etc.
** Scottish Gaelic: thug etc.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “Urinselkelt. *dā- 'geben'”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 265
* ↑ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂nek̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 282-84

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dobeir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 469–472
* Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 773