# bump
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʌmp/, [bɐm̥p]
* (General American) IPA: /bʌmp/, [bʌm̥p], [bɐm̥p]
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌmp

### Etymology 1

From Early Modern English bump (“a shock, blow from a collision”), probably of North Germanic origin; compare Danish bump (“a thump”), Danish bumpe (“to thump”), Old Danish bumpe (“to strike with a clenched fist”), all probably of imitative origin.
Apparently related to Middle English bumben, bummen (“to make a hollow noise”), Dutch bommen (“to hum, buzz”), German Low German bumsen (“to bump, push”), German bummen (“to hum, buzz”), Icelandic bumba (“drum”). More at bum, bumble. Compare also bomb.

#### Noun

bump (countable and uncountable, plural bumps)
* A light blow or jolting collision.
* The sound of such a collision.
* A protuberance on a level surface.
* A swelling on the skin caused by illness or injury.
** c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:It had upon its brow / A bump as big as a young cockerel's stone.
* (obsolete) One of the protuberances on the cranium which, in phrenology, are associated with distinct faculties or affections of the mind. Also (dated, metonymically) the faculty itself
    the bump of veneration; the bump of acquisitiveness
** c.1845 Thomas MacNevin, cited in Charles Gavan Duffy (1896) Young Ireland: A Fragment of Irish History, 1840-45; final revision (London: T.F. Unwin) Vol.II p.100:
    Our task is to elevate the character of the people, raising up, in fact, their bump of self-esteem and suppressing the bumps of servility and fury.
** 1902, William Blades, The Enemies of Books, 2nd edition, page 102:Another, with the bump of order unnaturally developed, had his folios and quartos all reduced, in binding, to one size, so that they might look even on his bookshelves.
* (rowing) The point, in a race in which boats are spaced apart at the start, at which a boat begins to overtake the boat ahead.
* The swollen abdomen of a pregnant woman.
    Synonym: baby bump
* (Internet) A post in an Internet forum thread made in order to raise the thread's profile by returning it to the top of the list of active threads.
* A temporary increase in a quantity, as shown in a graph.
    US presidential nominees get a post-convention bump in survey ratings.
* (slang) A dose of a drug such as ketamine or cocaine, when snorted recreationally.
** 2019 August 9, Joshua Azizi, “Shambhala Music Festival makes harm reduction a priority”, in The Georgia Straight‎:“They're getting their drugs mixed up,” she said. “If someone did a line of coke, it would be a very different size than if someone did a bump of ketamine, right? So if they're thinking it's cocaine and they do a line, they could go into a k-hole and be completely unable to move for hours. Maybe not hours, but for a while.”
* (preceded by definite article) A disco dance in which partners rhythmically bump each other's hips together.
** 1979, Robert English, Toxic Kisses, Eden Paperbacks, page 32:We sing [...] "God Save the Queen" done in mime and finally "Clap Hands, Here Comes Charley" to a Hawaiian rock with Phoebe doing the bump.
* In skipping, a single jump over two consecutive turns of the rope.
* (uncountable) A coarse cotton fabric.
* A training match for a fighting dog.
* (snooker, slang) The jaw of either of the middle pockets.
* (US, slang, uncountable) Music, especially played over speakers at loud volume with strong bass frequency response.
** 2005, “Stay Fly”, in Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), Most Known Unknown‎, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG), Sony BMG:Call me the juice and you know I'm a stunt; ride in the car with some bump in the trunk.
* (US, broadcasting) A short, self-promotional spot on a radio or television station.
* (industrial relations) A reassignment of jobs within an organization (for example, when an existing employee leaves) on the basis of seniority.
** 1985, Peter B. Doeringer, Michael J. Piore, Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysis, page 55:For example, chain bumping, in which a bump by one employee initiates a series of consecutive bumps down a progression line before a layoff results, produces the greatest average number of reassignments per redundant employee.
* (card games) In the game of khanhoo, the act of claiming a newly discarded card when it is not one's turn, permitted when one can use the card to form a meld other than a sequence.
* (colloquial) A minor problem or difficulty.
** 2015, Dianna Love, Slye Team Black Ops 3-book box set:"I'll try my best, but we still have a few bumps to work out," Ryder muttered.

##### Derived terms

* baby bump
* bebump
* birthday bump
* booty bump
* bumpage
* bump and grind
* bump ball
* bump cap
* bumpfire, bump-fire, bump fire
* bump-in
* bump in the road
* Bumpit
* bumpity
* bumpless
* bumplike
* bump mapping
* bumpoff
* bump-off
* bumpology
* bumpometer
* bump-out
* bump-start
* bump stock, bump-stock, bumpstock
* bump supper
* bumpy
* chest bump
* Colbert bump
* convention bump
* elbow bump
* fistbump
* fist bump
* ghost bump
* goose bump
* headbump
* Jersey bump
* key bump
* lie bump
* like a bump on a log
* microbump
* mobile speed bump
* multibump
* necro-bump
* necro bump
* power bump
* prayer bump
* razor bump
* shaving bump
* solder bump
* speed bump
* things that go bump in the night
* traffic bump
* Trump bump
* with a bump

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

bump (third-person singular simple present bumps, present participle bumping, simple past and past participle bumped)
* To knock against or run into with a jolt.
* To move up or down by a step; displace.
    I bumped the font size up to make my document easier to read.
* (Internet) To post in an Internet forum thread in order to raise the thread's profile by returning it to the top of the list of active threads.
** 2015, Barbara Horrell, Christine Stephens, Mary Breheny, “Online Research with Informal Caregivers: Opportunities and Challenges”, in Qualitative Research in Psychology, volume 12, number 3, →DOI, page 264:As in [the online forum] carersvoicesnz, certain contributors were more visible, taking the initiative to "bump" the thread to bring it back into view if it went quiet.
* (physical chemistry, of a superheated liquid) To suddenly boil, causing movement of the vessel and loss of liquid.
** 1916, Albert Prescott Mathews, Physiological chemistry:Heat until the liquid bumps, then reduce the heat and continue the boiling for 1½ hours.
* (transitive) To move (a booked passenger) to a later flight because of earlier delays or cancellations.
** 2005, Lois Jones, EasyJet: the story of Britain's biggest low-cost airline, page 192:Easyjet said the compensation package for passengers bumped off flights was 'probably the most flawed piece of European legislation in recent years' […]
* (transitive) To move the time of (a scheduled event).
** 2010, Nancy Conner, Matthew MacDonald, Office 2010: The Missing Manual, page 332:A colleague emails with news that her 4:30 meeting got bumped to 3:30.
* (transitive) To pick (a lock) with a repeated striking motion that dislodges the pins.
* (intransitive, archaic) To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise; to boom.
** 1700, [John] Dryden, “The Wife of Bathe’s Tale. As it was Written by Geffrey Chaucer”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:as a bittern bumps within a reed
* (printing, dated) To spread out material so as to fill any desired number of pages.
* (slang, transitive) To assassinate; to bump off.
** 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
    You know about the night the kid bumped Brody?
* (industrial relations, transitive) To displace (another employee in an organization) on the basis of seniority.
** 1969, Major Collective Bargaining Agreements, volume 9:Employees with 2 years or more, and less than 8 years plant seniority, may bump a probationary employee.
* (colloquial, dated) To anger, irritate.
** 1911 September 25, “Wouldn't It Make You Mad”, in San Francisco Examiner:After his ancestors had been browbeaten by the Puritans, and his ancestors had been driven out by the early pioneers [...], if he learned that a magnificent bronze statue is to be erected to his ancestors; wouldn't it bump an Indian?
* (card games) In the game of khanhoo, to claim a newly discarded card when it is not one's turn, permitted when one can use the card to form a meld other than a sequence.
* (slang) To play music through a speaker, often loudly and in public.
* (criminal slang and US military slang, circa 1920–1950) To encounter and stop, to catch.
* (intransitive) To move while bumping up and down, such as a cart or car on rough ground.
    The car bumped over the dirt road.

##### Derived terms

* bumpable
* bump across
* bump and grind
* bump and run
* bumpee
* bump elbows
* bumper
* bump into
* bump key
* bump nasties
* bump off
* bump on
* bump purses
* bump uglies
* bump up
* chest-bump
* fist bump
* rebump

##### Translations
#### Interjection

bump
* (Internet) Posted in an Internet forum thread in order to raise the thread's profile by returning it to the top of the list of active threads.

### Etymology 2

From Early Modern English; onomatopoeic.

#### Noun

bump (countable and uncountable, plural bumps)
* The breeding call made by the bittern; a boom.

#### Verb

bump (third-person singular simple present bumps, present participle bumping, simple past and past participle bumped)
* Of a bittern, to make its characteristic breeding call.

### References

* ↑ Lighter, Jonathan (1972) “The Slang of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe, 1917-1919: An Historical Glossary”, in American Speech‎, volume 47, number 1/2, page 24

## Danish
### Etymology

Onomatopoeic, compare English bump.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bomˀp/, [ˈb̥ɔmˀb̥]
* Homophone: bomb

### Noun

bump n (singular definite bumpet, plural indefinite bump)
* thud
* jolt
* road hump

#### Derived terms

* vejbump
* bumpe

### Verb

bump (form)
* imperative of bumpe

## Welsh
### Numeral

bump
* Soft mutation of pump (“five”).

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.