# عمل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

The grammatical “government” meaning is a semantic loan from Medieval Latin vīs. Compare Hebrew עָמָל (`Amal, “work, deed”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.mi.la/

#### Verb

عَمِلَ • (ʕamila) I (non-past يَعْمَلُ (yaʕmalu), verbal noun عَمَل (ʕamal))
* (intransitive) to work, perform
    هُوَ يَعْمَلُ فِي مَجَالِ التَكْنُولُوجِيَا.huwa yaʕmalu fī majāli t-taknūlūjiyā.He works in the field of technology.
    أَنَا أَعْمَلُ مُدَرِسًا فِي الْمَدْرَسَةِ.ʔanā ʔaʕmalu mudarisan fī l-madrasati.I work as a teacher at the school.
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 18:79:أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَاكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِي الْبَحْرِʔammā s-safīnatu fakānat limasākīna yaʕmalūna fī l-baḥriAs for the ship, it belonged to some poor people, working at sea.Translated by Mustafa Khattab.
* (transitive) to do (with deliberate thought)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 22:23:إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُدْخِلُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُʔinna l-laha yudḵilu llaḏīna ʔāmanū waʕamilū aṣ-ṣāliḥāti jannātin tajrī min taḥtihā l-ʔanhāruAllah will surely admit those who believe and do good into Gardens, under which rivers flowTranslated by Mustafa Khattab
* to practice, profess
* to produce an effect
* to be brisk, walk fast
* to exercise an influence
* (grammar, intransitive) to govern a case
* to take pains (عَلَى (ʕalā) with)
* to work to an end
* to take care of
* to last without interruption

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕam.ma.la/

#### Verb

عَمَّلَ • (ʕammala) II (non-past يُعَمِّلُ (yuʕammilu), verbal noun تَعْمِيل (taʕmīl))
* to pay (someone) their fee or wages
* to make (someone) an administrator or governor
* to suppurate, grow cancerous

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.mal/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

عَمَل • (ʕamal) m (plural أَعْمَال (ʔaʕmāl))
* verbal noun of عَمِلَ (ʕamila) (form I)
* action, act, deed
* work, business
    الْعَمَلُ الْجَمَاعِيُّ يُمْكِنُ أَن يَكُونَ مُفِيدًا فِي إِنْجَازِ الْمُشَارِيعِ الْكَبِيرَةِ.al-ʕamalu l-jamāʕiyyu yumkinu ʔan yakūna mufīdan fī ʔinjāzi l-mušārīʕi l-kabīrati.Collaborative work can be beneficial in completing large projects.
* (grammar) government

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: əməl
* → Bashkir: ғәмәл (ğəməl)
* → Ottoman Turkish: عمل
* → Persian: عمل ('amal)
** → Bengali: আমল (amol)
* → Swahili: amali
* → Uyghur: ئەمەل (emel)
* → Uzbek: amal

### References

* Praetorius, Franz (1909) “Die grammatische Rektion bei den Arabern”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎, volume 63, pages 495–503
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “عمل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “عمل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Egyptian Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَمِلَ (ʕamila, “to work”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.mal/, [ˈʕæmɜl]
* IPA: /ʕi.mil/, [ˈʕɪmel], [-ɪl]

#### Verb

عَمَل or عِمِل • (ʕamal or ʕimil) I (verbal noun عمل (ʕamal), active participle عامل (ʕāmil))
* to do
    بتعمل ايه؟ ― bitiʕmil ē? ― What are you doing?
* to make
    عايز اعمل اكل ― ʕāyiz aʕmil akl ― I want to make food
* (reflexive, ditransitive) to pretend to be
    عمل نفسه جامد ― ʕamal nafsu gāmid ― He pretended to be cool

##### Conjugation

$^1$ The future tense can be prefixed with either هـ (ha-) or حـ (ḥa-) depending on the speaker.

### Etymology 2

From Arabic عَمَل (ʕamal).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.mal/, [ˈʕæmɜl]

#### Noun

عمل • (ʕamal) m (plural اعمال (aʕmāl))
* verbal noun of عمل (ʕamal)
* spell, act of witchcraft or black magic

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَمِلَ (ʕamila).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕmal/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

عمل • (ʕmal) I (non-past يعمل (yiʕmal))
* to do
    Synonym: دار (dār)

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَمِلَ (ʕamila).

### Verb

عمل • (ʕimil) I (non-past يعمل (yiʕmil, yaʕmil, yaʕmul))
* to do
    شو عم تعمل؟ ― šu ʕam taʕmul? ― What are you doing?
* to make
* (reflexive) to make oneself (something); (often with the notion) to pretend to be, to give oneself the appearance of
    كلما شوف مديري بعمل حالي كتير مشغول.kilma šūf mudīri baʕmul ḥāli ktīr mašḡūlWhenever I see my boss, I try to look very busy.

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَمَل (ʕamal).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔa.ˈmal]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.mǽl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.mǽl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.mǽl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.mǽl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæ.mǽl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔä.mǽl]

### Noun

عمل • ('amal) (plural اعمال (a'mâl) or عمل‌ها ('amal-hâ))
* action
    Synonyms: کنش (koneš), کار (kâr)
* deed
* operation
    Synonym: عملیات ('amaliyât)

#### Inflection

$^△$ Colloquial.
$^△$ Colloquial.

#### Derived terms

* عمل کردن ('amal kardan)
* عملی ('amali)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَمِلَ (ʕamila).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.mil/, [ˈʕɛ.mɪl], [ˈʕɪ.mɪl], [ˈʕi.mɪl]
* IPA: /ʕa.mal/, [ˈʕa.mal]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

عمل • (ʕimil) I (present بعمل (biʕmil), active participle عامل (ʕāmel))
* to do
    Synonym: سوّى (sawwa)
    شو بتحبّ نعمل؟ ― šu bitḥebb niʕmil? ― What would you like for us to do?
    يلّا تعالي، شو بتعملي؟ ― yalla taʕāli, šu btiʕmili? ― Come on, what are you doing?
* to make, to prepare
    Synonym: سوّى (sawwa)
    عملتلي دور. ― ʕimlatli dōr. ― She made an appointment for me.
    رح أعملكم أشياء زاكية.raḥ ʔaʕmilkom ʔašyāʔ zākye.I'm going to prepare some sweets for you.
* (reflexive) to act (a certain way), to pretend
    عمل حاله نايم. ― ʕimil ḥālo nāyem. ― He acted like he was asleep.

#### Usage notes

* Like عرف (ʕirif), non-past forms may use “a” as the core vowel and in the prefix, so forms like بِعْمَل (beʕmal) and بْيَعْمِل (byaʕmel) are possible as well.

#### Conjugation
### Noun

عَمَل • (ʕamal) m (plural أَعْمَال)
* work, business, employment
* action, act, deed

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عمل ('amal), from Arabic عَمَل (ʕamal).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ə.məl/
* Rhymes: -əl

### Noun

عمل • ('amal) m (Hindi spelling अमल)
* action, deed
* process
* effect