# 赤

| 赤 | U+8D64, &#36196; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D64 |
| ← 赣 [U+8D63] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 赥 → [U+8D65] |
| ⾚ | U+2F9A, &#12186; KANGXI RADICAL RED |
| ← ⾙ [U+2F99] | Kangxi Radicals | ⾛ → [U+2F9B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

赤 (Kangxi radical 155, 赤+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土中弓金 (GLNC), four-corner 4033$_1$, composition ⿱土⿻小丿(GTJKV) or ⿱土⿰𬼀𰍨(GTJKV) or ⿱土⿻小丨(H))
* Kangxi radical #155, ⾚.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/赤
* 𪜻, 哧, 𡋽, 𫰭, 㤸, 捇, 浾, 𨹮, 𫥠, 𫐨, 𣇐, 𪲒, 𭮒, 焃, 𤙮, 𭹍, 𦛘, 𭕢, 𥙼, 硳, 𦀗, 𧋒, 𧨃, 䞰, 𨁯, 𨲂, 䤲, 䬉, 𩷧
* 郝, 䚂, 頳, 𪁌, 𡘥, 𭴩, 𡨁, 䓇, 㫱, 𩭑, 𪠇, 𬏭, 𬦃, 䦝 (𬮨)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1213, character 22
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36993
* Dae Jaweon: page 1680, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3506, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8D64

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 赤 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 浾 | *sqraː |
| 嚇 | *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ |
| 赦 | *hljaɡs |
| 郝 | *qʰljaɡ, *kʰljaɡ, *hljaɡ |
| 赫 | *qʰraːɡ |
| 爀 | *qʰraːɡ |
| 赤 | *kʰljaɡ |
| 烾 | *kʰljaɡ |
| 螫 | *qʰjaːɡ |
| 赥 | *qʰleːɡ |
| 捇 | *qʰʷreːɡ |
| 焃 | *qʰʷreːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 大 (“person, big”) + 火 (“fire”) – the color of fire (a person by a fire). The original version is 𤆍.
The man on top is simplified as 土 as in 去 and 走 (< 𧺆). The fire is stylized as well, but an intermediate and obsolete variant is 灻.

### Etymology 1

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qrak (“blood; red”), whence Tibetan ཁྲག (khrag, “blood”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Related to 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ, “bright red”) and possibly 奭 (OC *hjaɡ, “majestic; red”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chì (chi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cek$^3$ / cik$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cet$^2$ / ciak$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ciit$^6$ / cah$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhak
    (Hailu, HRS): chag
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cag$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): chiă
* Eastern Min (BUC): chiáh / chék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cia$^5$ / cih$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiah / chhek / chhiak
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ciah$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tshaq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chì
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^4$
*** Yale: chr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyh
*** Palladius: чи (či)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cek$^3$ / cik$^3$
*** Yale: chek / chik
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsek$^8$ / tsik$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cég$^3$ / qig$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛːk̚³/, /t͡sʰɪk̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cet$^2$ / ciak$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰet̚⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiak̚³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ciit$^6$ / cah$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/, /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
* ciit6 - literary;
* cah6 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsyhek
Rime :
| Character | 赤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 昌石切 |
| Baxter | tsyhek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰiæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t-qʰ](r)Ak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰljaɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 赤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhek › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t-qʰ](r)Ak/ |
| English | red |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 赤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1477 |
| Phonetic component | 赤 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尺 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰljaɡ/ |

#### Definitions

赤
* (literary or poetic) red, crimson
    赤字 ― chìzì ― deficit (literally: red figures/numbers)
    赤色的晚霞 ― chìsè de wǎnxiá ― red sunset clouds
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Mò chì fěi hú, mò hēi fěi wū. [Pinyin]
    Nothing red is seen but foxes, Nothing black but crows.
* (Teochew) brown
* loyal; sincere
    赤忱 ― chìchén ― absolutely sincere
* empty; bare
    赤貧／赤贫 ― chìpín ― utterly destitute
    赤手空拳 ― chìshǒukōngquán ― with bare hands and fists
* to be naked
    赤腳／赤脚 ― chìjiǎo ― to be barefoot
* (politics) revolutionary; communist; red
    赤化 ― chìhuà ― to communize; to turn Red
* pure gold
* (Hokkien) lean (of meat)
* (Hokkien) to brown (to cook something until it becomes brown)
* (Hokkien) fierce and unreasonable; tough and unable to talk sense (especially of a woman)
* (Mainland China Hokkien) poor; impoverished

##### Synonyms

* (red):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 赤, 紅, 彤 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 紅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 紅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 紅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 紅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 紅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 紅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 紅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 紅 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 紅 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 紅 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 紅 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 紅 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 紅 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 紅 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 紅 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 紅 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 紅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 紅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 紅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 紅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 紅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 紅 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 紅 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 紅 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 紅 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 紅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 紅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 紅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 紅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 紅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 紅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 紅 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 紅 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 紅 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 紅 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 紅 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 紅 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 紅 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 紅 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 紅 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 紅 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 紅 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 紅 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 紅 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 紅 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Changting | 紅 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 紅 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 紅 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 紅 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 紅 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 紅 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 紅 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 紅 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 紅 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 紅 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 紅 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 紅 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 紅 |
| Jin | Linhe | 紅 |
| Jin | Jining | 紅 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 紅 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 紅 |
| Jin | Handan | 紅 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 紅 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 紅 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 紅 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 赤 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 紅 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 紅 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 赤 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 赤 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 赤 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 紅 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 紅 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 紅 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 紅 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 赤 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 赤 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 赤 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 赤 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 紅 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 紅 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 紅 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 紅 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 紅 |
| Wu | Danyang | 紅 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 紅 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 紅 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 紅 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 紅 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 紅 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 紅 |
* (poor):
* 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
* 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
* 困窮 / 困穷 (kùnqióng)
* 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
* 困難 / 困难
* 困頓 / 困顿 (kùndùn)
* 宋凶 (Hokkien)
* 散 (Hokkien)
* 散凶 (Hokkien)
* 散赤 (Hokkien)
* 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
* 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
* 清貧 / 清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
* 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
* 磽 / 硗 (Teochew)
* 䆀康 (Hokkien)
* 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
* 窄
* 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
* 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
* 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
* 窮 / 穷 (qióng)
* 窮乏 / 穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
* 窮困 / 穷困 (qióngkùn)
* 窮㾪 / 穷㾪 (Hokkien)
* 窮苦 / 穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
* 窮赤 / 穷赤 (Hokkien)
* 艱苦 / 艰苦 (Hokkien)
* 苦寒 (kǔhán)
* 貧乏 / 贫乏 (pínfá)
* 貧困 / 贫困 (pínkùn)
* 貧寒 / 贫寒 (pínhán)
* 貧瘠 / 贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
* 貧窮 / 贫穷 (pínqióng)
* 貧苦 / 贫苦 (pínkǔ)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 貧, 窮 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 窮, 貧窮 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 窮 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 窮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦寒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 窮 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 窮 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 窮 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窮無 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 窮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 窮赤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤, 䆀空, 無空 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 磽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 窮, 磽 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 窮, 磽 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 窮, 蒯 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 窮 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 窮 |
| Wu | Danyang | 窮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 窮 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 倒灶 |

#### Compounds

* 一寸赤心
* 一片赤心
* 保兀赤
* 兀剌赤
* 光赤
* 努爾哈赤 / 努尔哈赤 (Nǔ'ěrhāchì)
* 博爾赤 / 博尔赤
* 噴赤河 / 喷赤河 (Pēnchìhé)
* 寶兒赤 / 宝儿赤
* 小赤 (Xiǎochì)
* 小赤老
* 後赤壁賦 / 后赤壁赋
* 忠心赤膽 / 忠心赤胆
* 急赤白臉 / 急赤白脸
* 打赤腳 / 打赤脚 (dǎchìjiǎo)
* 打赤膊 (dǎ chìbó)
* 月書赤繩 / 月书赤绳
* 母哈赤
* 火裡赤 / 火里赤
* 白兔赤烏 / 白兔赤乌 (báitùchìwū)
* 白眉赤眼
* 眉間赤 / 眉间赤
* 神州赤縣 / 神州赤县
* 站赤 (zhànchì)
* 精赤條條 / 精赤条条
* 耳紅面赤 / 耳红面赤
* 臉紅耳赤 / 脸红耳赤
* 葉赤鐵路 / 叶赤铁路
* 裸身赤體 / 裸身赤体
* 貝赤 / 贝赤
* 貿易赤字 / 贸易赤字 (màoyì chìzì)
* 赤仄
* 赤伏符
* 赤佬
* 赤俄 (chì'é)
* 赤光光
* 赤兔 (Chìtù)
* 赤力力
* 赤化 (chìhuà)
* 赤卒
* 赤口毒舌
* 赤口白舌
* 赤土 (Chìtǔ)
* 赤土陶器 (chì tǔ táoqì)
* 赤地 (chìdì)
* 赤地千里
* 赤城 (Chìchéng)
* 赤塔 (Chìtǎ)
* 赤墀
* 赤壁 (Chìbì)
* 赤壁之戰 / 赤壁之战
* 赤壁懷古 / 赤壁怀古
* 赤壁賦 / 赤壁赋
* 赤壁鏖兵
* 赤子 (chìzǐ)
* 赤子之心 (chìzǐzhīxīn)
* 赤字 (chìzì)
* 赤字財政 / 赤字财政
* 赤字預算 / 赤字预算
* 赤小豆 (chìxiǎodòu)
* 赤尻
* 赤山 (Chìshān)
* 赤崁 (Chìkàn)
* 赤崁樓 / 赤崁楼
* 赤嵌樓 / 赤嵌楼
* 赤巴巴
* 赤帝 (chìdì)
* 赤帝子
* 赤帶 / 赤带
* 赤幘 / 赤帻 (chìzé)
* 赤心 (chìxīn)
* 赤心忠膽 / 赤心忠胆
* 赤忱 (chìchén)
* 赤手
* 赤才 (Chìcái)
* 赤手空拳 (chìshǒukōngquán)
* 赤手起家
* 赤揚 / 赤扬
* 赤族 (chìzú)
* 赤日 (chìrì)
* 赤星
* 赤松 (chìsōng)
* 赤松子
* 赤條條 / 赤条条 (chìtiáotiáo)
* 赤條精光 / 赤条精光
* 赤棒
* 赤楊 / 赤杨
* 赤津津
* 赤溪河 (Chìxīhé)
* 赤潮 (chìcháo)
* 赤熱 / 赤热
* 赤狐 (chìhú)
* 赤狗日
* 赤瑕
* 赤留出律
* 赤痢 (chìlì)
* 赤白痢
* 赤眉 (Chìméi)
* 赤眼卵蜂
* 赤石
* 赤石脂 (chìshízhī)
* 赤磷
* 赤禍 / 赤祸
* 赤立
* 赤箭
* 赤米
* 赤紅 / 赤红 (chìhóng)
* 赤經 / 赤经 (chìjīng)
* 赤緊的 / 赤紧的
* 赤緯 / 赤纬 (chìwěi)
* 赤練蛇 / 赤练蛇
* 赤縣 / 赤县 (Chìxiàn)
* 赤縣神州 / 赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu)
* 赤繩綰足 / 赤绳绾足
* 赤繩繫足 / 赤绳系足
* 赤翡翠
* 赤老 (chìlǎo)
* 赤背 (chìbèi)
* 赤腳 / 赤脚 (chìjiǎo)
* 赤腳大仙 / 赤脚大仙
* 赤腳漢 / 赤脚汉
* 赤腳醫生 / 赤脚医生 (chìjiǎo yīshēng)
* 赤膊 (chìbó)
* 赤膊上陣 / 赤膊上阵 (chìbóshàngzhèn)
* 赤膽 / 赤胆
* 赤膽忠心 / 赤胆忠心 (chìdǎnzhōngxīn)
* 赤膽忠肝 / 赤胆忠肝
* 赤舌燒城 / 赤舌烧城
* 赤色 (chìsè)
* 赤色中國 / 赤色中国
* 赤色國際 / 赤色国际
* 赤芍 (chìsháo)
* 赤蛙
* 赤血丹心
* 赤血鹽 / 赤血盐 (chìxuèyán)
* 赤衛軍 / 赤卫军
* 赤衣
* 赤衣使者
* 赤裸 (chìluǒ)
* 赤裸裸 (chìluǒluǒ)
* 赤誠 / 赤诚 (chìchéng)
* 赤豆 (chìdòu)
* 赤貧 / 赤贫 (chìpín)
* 赤貧如洗 / 赤贫如洗
* 赤資資 / 赤资资
* 赤赤哈哈
* 赤足 (chìzú)
* 赤身 (chìshēn)
* 赤身裸體 / 赤身裸体
* 赤身露體 / 赤身露体 (chìshēnlùtǐ)
* 赤軍旅 / 赤军旅
* 赤道 (chìdào)
* 赤道儀 / 赤道仪
* 赤道幾尼亞 / 赤道几尼亚
* 赤道洋流
* 赤道群島 / 赤道群岛
* 赤道雨林
* 赤道非洲
* 赤道面
* 赤金 (chìjīn)
* 赤鉛礦 / 赤铅矿
* 赤銅 / 赤铜 (chìtóng)
* 赤銜 / 赤衔
* 赤銅礦 / 赤铜矿
* 赤鐵礦 / 赤铁矿 (chìtiěkuàng)
* 赤雅
* 赤電 / 赤电
* 赤露 (chìlù)
* 赤面 (chìmiàn)
* 赤馬港 / 赤马港 (Chìmǎgǎng)
* 赤體 / 赤体 (chìtǐ)
* 赤鯶公 / 赤𩽼公
* 赤黴素 / 赤霉素 (chìméisù)
* 達魯花赤 / 达鲁花赤
* 金融赤字
* 鏖兵赤壁
* 面紅耳赤 / 面红耳赤 (miànhóng'ěrchì)
* 面紅面赤 / 面红面赤

#### Descendants

* → Proto-Mien: *sekᴰ (“red”)

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 刺?”)

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cek$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tiak$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cek$^3$
*** Yale: chek
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cég$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛːk̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tiak$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiak̚³³/

#### Definitions

赤
* (Cantonese) painful; aching
    頭赤／头赤 [Cantonese] ― tau$^4$ cek$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to have a headache

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 痛, 疼$_1$, 疼痛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 疼$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 痛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 疼$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 疼$_1$ |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 痛, 疼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 痛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 疼$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 疼$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 疼$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 疼$_1$ |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 疼$_1$ |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 痛 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 疼$_1$ |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 疼$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 疼$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 疼$_1$ |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 痛, 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 痛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 痛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 痛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 痛 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 疼$_1$ |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 疼$_1$ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 疼$_1$ |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 疼$_1$, 痛 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 疼$_1$ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 痛, 赤 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 痛, 赤 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 赤 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 赤 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 痛 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 痛 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 痛 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 痛 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 痛 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 痛 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 痛 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 痛 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 疾 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 痛 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 疾 |
| Hakka | Changting | 疾 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 疾 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 疾 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 痛 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 痛 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 痛 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 疾 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 疾 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 痛 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 痛 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 痛 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 痛 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 痛 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 痛 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Linhe | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Jining | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Hohhot | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 疼$_1$ |
| Jin | Handan | 疼$_1$ |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 字 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 疼$_2$ |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 痛 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 痛 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 痛 |
| Wu | Danyang | 痛 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 痛 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 痛 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 痛 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 痛 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 痛 |

#### Compounds

* 肉赤
* 赤痛
* 赤赤痛
* 頭赤 / 头赤
* 頭赤赤 / 头赤赤
* 骨罅赤
* 骨赤

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 赤 – see 刺 (“a pointed structure which is able to pierce something; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 刺).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* red

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃく (shaku, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
* Kun: あか (aka, 赤, Jōyō)、あかい (akai, 赤い, Jōyō)、あからむ (akaramu, 赤らむ, Jōyō)、あからめる (akarameru, 赤らめる, Jōyō)
* Nanori: あ (a)、あこ (ako)、あま (ama)

#### Compounds

* 赤(あか)子(ご) (akago)
* 赤(あか)字(じ) (akaji)
* 赤(あか)ちゃん (akachan)
* 赤(あか)土(つち) (akatsuchi), 赭(あか)土(つち) (akatsuchi)
* 赤(あか)面(つら) (akatsura), 赭(あか)面(つら) (akatsura)
* 赤(あか)の他(た)人(にん) (aka no tanin)
* 赤(あか)恥(はじ) (akahaji)
* 赤(あか)羽太(はた) (akahata)
* 赤(あか)裸(はだか) (akahadaka)
* 赤(あか)まんま (akamanma)
* 赤(あか)身(み) (akami)
* 赤(しゃく)銅(どう) (shakudō)
* 赤(しゃく)熱(ねつ) (shakunetsu)
* 赤(せき)烏(う) (sekiu)
* 赤(せき)外(がい) (sekigai): infrared
* 赤(せき)子(し) (sekishi)
* 赤(せき)日(じつ) (sekijitsu)
* 赤(せき)手(しゅ) (sekishu)
* 赤(せき)十(じゅう)字(じ) (Sekijūji): the Red Cross
* 赤(せき)心(しん) (sekishin)
* 赤(せき)誠(せい) (sekisei): sincerity
* 赤(せき)沈(ちん) (sekichin)
* 赤(せき)鉄鉱(てっこう) (sekitekkō)
* 赤(せき)土(ど) (sekido)
* 赤(せき)道(どう) (sekidō)
* 赤(せき)熱(ねつ) (sekinetsu)
* 赤(せき)飯(はん) (sekihan)
* 赤(せき)貧(ひん) (sekihin)
* 赤(せき)面(めん) (sekimen)
* 赤(せき)裸(ら) (sekira)
* 赤(せき)痢(り) (sekiri)
* 赤(せき)燐(りん) (sekirin)
* 赤(せっ)化(か) (sekka), 赤(せき)化(か) (sekika)
* 赤(せっ)禍(か) (sekka), 赤(せき)禍(か) (sekika)
* 赤(せっ)血球(けっきゅう) (sekkekkyū)
* 赤(あか)信号(しんごう) (akashingō): red light

### Etymology

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あか [áꜜkà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [a̠ka̠]
* Audio:(file)
* (Kyoto) あか [àká] (Teiki – [0])
* (Kyoto) あか​ぁ [àkâ] (Teiki)

### Noun

* Kanji in this term
* 赤
* あか Grade: 1
* Alternative spellings
* 朱 紅
赤(あか) or 赤(アカ) • (aka)
* red (color)
* communism, socialism
* a communist

#### Derived terms

* 赤(あか)い (akai): red (adjective)
* 赤(あか)子(ご) (akago)
* 赤(あか)字(じ) (akaji)
* 赤(あか)ちゃん (akachan)
* 赤(あか)土(つち) (akatsuchi), 赭(あか)土(つち) (akatsuchi)
* 赤(あか)面(つら) (akatsura), 赭(あか)面(つら) (akatsura)
* 赤花(アカバナ) (akabana)

### Prefix

赤(あか) • (aka-)
* entirely

#### Derived terms

* 赤(あか)の他人(たにん) (aka no tanin)
* 赤(あか)恥(はじ) (akahaji)
* 赤(あか)裸(はだか) (akahadaka)
* 赤(あか)紫(むらさき) (akamurasaki)

### See also

Colors in Japanese · 色(いろ) (iro) (layout · text) :
| 白(しろ) (shiro) | 灰(はい)色(いろ) (haiiro), 鼠(ねずみ)色(いろ) (nezumiiro) (dated) | 黒(くろ) (kuro) |
| 赤(あか) (aka); 深(しん)紅(く) (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅(べに)色(いろ) (beniiro), 紅(くれない)色(いろ) (kurenaiiro), 茜(あかね)色(いろ) (akaneiro) | 橙(だいだい)色(いろ) (daidaiiro), オレンジ (orenji); 茶(ちゃ)色(いろ) (chairo), 褐(かっ)色(しょく) (kasshoku) | 黄(き)色(いろ) (kiiro); クリーム色(いろ) (kurīmuiro) |
| 黄(き)緑(みどり) (kimidori) | 緑(みどり) (midori), 青(あお) (ao) (dated) | 若(わか)緑(みどり) (wakamidori) |
| 水(みず)色(いろ) (mizuiro), シアン (shian); 鴨(かも)の(の)羽(はね)色(いろ) (kamo no hane iro) | 空(そら)色(いろ) (sorairo), 縹(はなだ) (hanada); 青(あお) (ao) | 紺(こん)藍(あい) (kon'ai); 紺(こん) (kon) |
| 菫(すみれ)色(いろ) (sumireiro); 藍(あい)色(いろ) (aiiro), インジゴ (injigo) | 赤(あか)紫(むらさき) (akamurasaki), マゼンタ (mazenta); 紫(むらさき) (murasaki) | 桃(もも)色(いろ) (momoiro), ピンク (pinku) |

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 “あか 【赤・紅・朱・緋】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

赤 (eumhun 붉을 적 (bulgeul jeok))
* hanja form of 적 (“red”)

## Kunigami
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: はか゚ー (ha'ngā, 赤)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hakaː/

### Noun

赤(はか゚ー) (ha'ngā)
* red

## Miyako
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: あか (aka, 赤, Jōyō)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aka/

### Noun

赤(あか) (aka)
* red

## Northern Amami Ōshima

* A user has added this entry to requests for verification
* If it cannot be verified that this term meets our attestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove {{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: あか (aka, 赤, Jōyō)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [akʰa]

### Noun

赤(あか) (aka)
* red

## Okinawan
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Kun: あか (aka, 赤, Jōyō)、あかさん (akasan, 赤さん)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaka/

### Noun

赤(あか) (aka)
* red

## Vietnamese
### Han character

赤: Hán Nôm readings: xích
* chữ Hán form of xích (“red”).

#### Compounds

* 赤壁 (Xích Bích, “Red Cliffs”)
* 赤經 (xích kinh, “right ascension”)
* 赤緯 (xích vĩ, “declination”)
* 赤道 (xích đạo, “equator”)

## Yaeyama
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: あか (aka, 赤, Jōyō)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔaka/

### Noun

赤(あか) (aka)
* red

## Yonaguni
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* Kun: あが (aga, 赤)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɡa/

### Noun

赤(あが) (aga)
* red