# 魔

| 魔 | U+9B54, &#39764; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B54 |
| ← 魓 [U+9B53] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 魕 → [U+9B55] |

## Translingual
### Han character

魔 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+11, 21 strokes, cangjie input 戈金竹山戈 (ICHUI) or 戈木竹山戈 (IDHUI) or 戈木竹戈 (IDHI), four-corner 0021$_3$, composition ⿸麻鬼)

#### Derived characters

* 𭤞, 𤜘, 𮫩

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1462, character 67
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45906
* Dae Jaweon: page 1997, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4436, character 11
* Unihan data for U+9B54

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 麻 | *mraːl |
| 痲 | *mraːl |
| 犘 | *mraːl |
| 縻 | *mral |
| 醿 | *mral |
| 爢 | *mral |
| 蘼 | *mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl |
| 靡 | *mralʔ |
| 摩 | *maːl, *maːls |
| 魔 | *maːl |
| 磨 | *maːl, *maːls |
| 劘 | *maːl |
| 麽 | *maːl |
| 麼 | *maːlʔ |
| 塺 | *maːls, *mɯːl |
| 麾 | *hmral |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːl): phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 鬼 (“demon”).

### Etymology

Clipping of 魔羅 (MC ma la), from Sanskrit मार (māra, “killing; death; destroyer; demon”). According to Zhengzitong, First attested in 548 October 29, in an epitaph:
    遂登正覺，神通自然。群魔稽首，靈冠諸天。慈悲萬有，光照大千。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]遂登正觉，神通自然。群魔稽首，灵冠诸天。慈悲万有，光照大千。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]From: 548 Oct 29, 《邑主造石像碑》Suì dēng zhèngjué, shén tōng zìrán. Qúnmó qǐshǒu, líng guàn zhūtiān. Cíbēi wànyǒu, guāngzhào dàqiān. [Pinyin](please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mó (mo$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mo$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мо (mo, I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mo$^1$ / mo$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): mo$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mô
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mo$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): me$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): mǒ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): mò̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mor$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): mô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mo$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mo; $^6$mu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mo$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mó
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mó
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^2$
*** Yale: mwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: mo$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mo
*** Sinological IPA : /mo²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мо (mo, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mo$^1$ / mo$^4$
*** Yale: mō / mòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mo$^1$ / mo$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mo$^1$ / mo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔː⁵⁵/, /mɔː²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: mo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mo³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mô
*** Hakka Romanization System: mo$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /mo²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: me$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mɤ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǒ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /mo⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: mor$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mó̤
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
*** Tâi-lô: môo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: moo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /mɔ̃²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mo$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô
*** Sinological IPA : /mo⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mo; $^6$mu
*** MiniDict: mo$^去$; mu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mo; $^3$mu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo²³/, /mu²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: mo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mo¹³/
* Middle Chinese: ma
Rime :
| Character | 魔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫婆切 |
| Baxter | ma |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwa/ |
| Li Rong | /muɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /muɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mo$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 魔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8705 |
| Phonetic component | 麻 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 摩 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːl/ |
| Notes | 梵譯māra，梁武帝改磨爲魔 |

### Definitions

魔
* (Buddhism) mara (demon)
* devil; demon; evil spirit
* fiend; harmful or evil thing or person
* magic; the unnatural
* crazy; delusional, manic
* to be obsessed with; idolatry.
    From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
    Bǎochāi dào: “Kě zhēn shì shī mó le.” [Pinyin]
    Baochai says: “[She] really has been under a poetry craze.”

#### Synonyms

* (devil):
* 凶煞 (xiōngshà) (literally or figuratively)
* 凶神 (xiōngshén) (literally or figuratively)
* 妖 (yāo)
* 妖孽 (yāoniè)
* 妖怪 (yāoguài)
* 妖物 (yāowù)
* 妖精 (yāojīng)
* 妖鬼 (yāoguǐ)
* 妖魔 (yāomó)
* 孽 (niè) (literary, or in compounds)
* 怪物 (guàiwu)
* 惡魔 / 恶魔 (èmó) (literally or figuratively)
* 煞 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 煞神 (shàshén) (literary, literally or figuratively)
* 精怪 (jīngguài)
* 精靈 / 精灵 (jīnglíng)
* 邪魔 (xiémó)
* 魔障 (mózhàng) (Buddhism)
* 魔鬼 (móguǐ) (literally or figuratively)

### Compounds

* 么魔
* 九伯風魔 / 九伯风魔
* 九子魔母
* 事魔喫菜 / 事魔吃菜
* 事魔食菜
* 伏魔大帝
* 倦魔
* 入魔 (rùmó)
* 十六天魔
* 十魔
* 吃菜事魔
* 夢魔 / 梦魔
* 天子魔
* 天魔 (tiānmó)
* 夭魔
* 天魔外道
* 天魔舞
* 好事多魔 (hǎoshìduōmó)
* 妖魔 (yāomó)
* 妖魔鬼怪 (yāomóguǐguài)
* 寶魔 / 宝魔
* 小業魔 / 小业魔
* 惡魔 / 恶魔 (èmó)
* 愁魔
* 文魔
* 書魔 / 书魔
* 毒魔狠怪
* 混世魔王
* 潑魔 / 泼魔
* 災魔 / 灾魔
* 焰魔天
* 煩惱魔 / 烦恼魔
* 熱魔 / 热魔
* 牛魔王 (niú mówáng)
* 狐媚魔道
* 病魔 (bìngmó)
* 瘋魔 / 疯魔 (fēngmó)
* 癡魔 / 痴魔
* 着魔 (zháomó)
* 睡魔
* 神謀魔道 / 神谋魔道
* 神魔 (shénmó)
* 禪魔 / 禅魔
* 群魔
* 羣魔亂舞 / 羣魔乱舞 (qúnmóluànwǔ)
* 群魔亂舞 / 群魔乱舞 (qúnmóluànwǔ)
* 花魔酒病
* 著魔 / 着魔 (zháomó)
* 蛇魔
* 詞魔 / 词魔
* 詩魔 / 诗魔
* 變魔術 / 变魔术
* 走火入魔 (zǒuhuǒrùmó)
* 走魔入火
* 造魔
* 道高一尺，魔高一丈 (dào gāo yī chǐ, mó gāo yī zhàng)
* 道高魔重
* 邪魔 (xiémó)
* 邪魔外祟
* 邪魔外道
* 邪魔怪道
* 邪魔歪道 (xié mó wāi dào)
* 酒魔
* 酒魔頭 / 酒魔头
* 鍊魔 / 炼魔
* 降魔
* 降魔杵
* 降魔棍
* 陰魔 / 阴魔
* 面魔羅 / 面魔罗
* 風風魔魔 / 风风魔魔
* 風魔 / 风魔
* 風魔九伯 / 风魔九伯
* 食菜事魔 (shícàishìmó)
* 鬧魔 / 闹魔
* 鬼頭魔眼 / 鬼头魔眼
* 鬼魔
* 鬼魔三道
* 鬼魔道
* 魔事
* 魔侯羅 / 魔侯罗
* 魔力 (mólì)
* 魔劫
* 魔合羅 / 魔合罗 (móhéluó)
* 魔君
* 魔咒 (mózhòu)
* 魔境
* 魔天
* 魔女 (mónǚ)
* 魔媼 / 魔媪
* 魔宮 / 魔宫
* 魔家
* 魔山
* 魔幻 (móhuàn)
* 魔影 (móyǐng)
* 魔心
* 魔念
* 魔怪 (móguài)
* 魔怔 (mózheng)
* 魔惑
* 魔意
* 魔手
* 魔掌 (mózhǎng)
* 魔教
* 魔數 / 魔数
* 魔方 (mófāng)
* 魔星 (móxīng)
* 魔杖 (mózhàng)
* 魔板
* 魔棒
* 魔棍
* 魔民
* 魔氛
* 魔法 (mófǎ)
* 魔法石
* 魔漿 / 魔浆
* 魔燄 / 魔焰
* 魔爪 (mózhǎo)
* 魔物
* 魔王 (mówáng)
* 魔王夜叉
* 魔瓶
* 魔瘴
* 魔祟
* 魔窟 (mókū)
* 魔笛
* 魔羅 / 魔罗 (móluó)
* 魔芋 (móyù)
* 魔行
* 魔術 / 魔术 (móshù)
* 魔術師 / 魔术师 (móshùshī)
* 魔術數字 / 魔术数字
* 魔術方塊 / 魔术方块 (móshù fāngkuài)
* 魔術蛇 / 魔术蛇
* 魔說 / 魔说
* 魔軍 / 魔军
* 魔道 (módào)
* 魔邪
* 魔酡
* 魔鏡 / 魔镜 (mójìng)
* 魔障 (mózhàng)
* 魔難 / 魔难 (mónàn)
* 魔雲 / 魔云
* 魔電 / 魔电
* 魔音傳腦 / 魔音传脑
* 魔頭 / 魔头 (mótóu)
* 魔頭星 / 魔头星
* 魔風 / 魔风
* 魔駝 / 魔驼
* 魔高一尺，道高一丈
* 魔鬼 (móguǐ)
* 魔鬼學派 / 魔鬼学派
* 魔鬼湖
* 魔鬼身材 (móguǐ shēncái)
* 魔魅
* 魔魍
* 魔魘 / 魔魇
* 魘魔 / 魇魔
* 魘魔法 / 魇魔法

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 魔 |
| Kyūjitai | 魔󠄁 魔+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 魔󠄃 魔+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* demon, evil spirit
* sorcery, witchcraft

#### Readings

* Go-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ば (ba)

#### Compounds

* 閻魔(えんま) (Enma)
* 妖魔(ようま) (yōma)
* 霊魔(れいま) (reima)
* 邪魔(じゃま) (jama)
* 魔鬼(まき) (maki)
* 魔王(まおう) (maō)
* 魔(ま)界(かい) (makai)
* 魔(ま)境(きょう) (makyō)
* 魔(ま)窟(くつ) (makutsu)
* 魔手(ましゅ) (mashu)
* 魔(ま)性(しょう) (mashō)
* 悪(あく)魔(ま) (akuma)
* 悪(あく)魔主義(ましゅぎ) (akumashugi)
* 魔神(まじん) (majin)
* 魔弾(まだん) (madan)
* 魔(ま)酔(すい) (masui)
* 魔(ま)睡(すい) (masui)
* 魔羅(まら) (mara)
* 魔(ま)物(もの) (mamono)
* 魔(ま)者(もの) (mamono)
* 天魔(てんま) (tenma)
* 病魔(びょうま) (byōma)
* 水(すい)魔(ま) (suima)
* 魔幻(まげん) (magen)
* 魔術(まじゅつ) (majutsu)
* 魔(ま)術師(じゅつし) (majutsushi)
* 魔(ま)術士(じゅつし) (majutsushi)
* 魔道(まどう) (madō)
* 魔(ま)道師(どうし) (madōshi)
* 魔(ま)道士(どうし) (madōshi)
* 魔導(まどう) (madō)
* 魔(ま)導師(どうし) (madōshi)
* 魔(ま)導士(どうし) (madōshi)
* 魔法(まほう) (mahō)
* 魔(ま)法円(ほうえん) (mahōen)
* 魔(ま)法師(ほうし) (mahōshi)
* 魔(ま)法士(ほうし) (mahōshi)
* 魔人(まじん) (majin)
* 魔女(まじょ) (majo)
* 魔男(まだん) (madan)
* 破魔(はま) (hama)
* 祓(ふつ)魔(ま) (futsuma)
* 魔(ま)力(りょく) (maryoku)
* 放火(ほうか)魔(ま) (hōkama)
* 魔(ま)法瓶(ほうびん) (mahōbin)
* 通(とお)り魔(ま) (tōrima)
* 使(つか)い魔(ま) (tsukaima)
* 魔(ま)が差(さ)す (magasasu)
* 魔(ま)の海(うみ) (ma-no-umi)
* 魔除(まよ)け (mayoke)
* お邪魔(じゃま)虫(むし) (ojamamushi)
* 誤魔化(ごまか)す (gomakasu)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 魔
* ま Grade: S
* goon
From Middle Chinese 魔 (MC ma).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ま [mà] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ま [máꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ma̠]

### Affix

魔(ま) • (ma)
* demon, devil, evil spirit, evil influence

### References

* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2387 (paper), page 1245 (digital)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 魔 (MC ma). Recorded as Middle Korean 마 (ma) (Yale: ma) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 魔 (eumhun 마귀 마 (magwi ma))
* hanja form of 마 (“demon”)

#### Compounds

* 마귀 (魔鬼, magwi, “devil; demon ghost”)
* 마녀 (魔女, manyeo, “witch, sorceress”)
* 마력 (魔力, maryeok, “magical power/strength”)
* 마법 (魔法, mabeop, “magic”)
* 마술 (魔術, masul, “magic”)
* 악마 (惡魔, angma, “demon; devil; fiend”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

魔: Hán Việt readings: ma
* chữ Hán form of ma (“ghost”).