OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Atalay
## Turkish
### Etymology

From ata +‎ alay.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈtaˈlaj/
* Hyphenation: A‧ta‧lay

### Proper noun

Atalay
* a male given name that means "keeper of the ancestors"
* a surname
# chloroanaemia
## English
### Alternative forms

* chloroanemia

### Etymology

From chloro- +‎ anaemia.

### Noun

chloroanaemia (uncountable)
* (pathology) Synonym of chlorosis

### Anagrams

* aeolharmonica
# unnasalized
## English
### Etymology

From un- +‎ nasalized.

### Adjective

unnasalized (not comparable)
* Not nasalized.
# deverbalizations
## English
### Noun

deverbalizations
* plural of deverbalization
# sneeringly
## English
### Etymology

From sneering +‎ -ly.

### Adverb

sneeringly (comparative more sneeringly, superlative most sneeringly)
* In a sneering manner.
** 1958, A.G. Yates, The Cold Dark Hours, Sydney: Horwitz, published 1963, page 57:"You know what sort of portrait we want?" "Captain of Industry?" Roger said sneeringly.
** 1993, James Q. Wilson, The Moral Sense, page 10:The collapse in the legitimacy of what once was respectfully called middle-class morality but today is sneeringly referred to as "middle-class values"
# isfugl
## Danish
### Etymology

From German Eisvogel.

### Noun

isfugl c (singular definite isfuglen, plural indefinite isfugle)
* common kingfisher Alcedo atthis.

#### Declension
### References

* “isfugl” in Den Danske Ordbog
# მრავალშრიანი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From მრავალი (mravali, “many”) +‎ შრიანი (šriani, “layered”). See შრე (šre) for more.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɾavalʃɾiani]
* Hyphenation: მრა‧ვალ‧შრი‧ა‧ნი

### Adjective

მრავალშრიანი • (mravalšriani) (comparative უფრო მრავალშრიანი, superlative ყველაზე მრავალშრიანი)
* multilayered
# grazing
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɹeɪ.zɪŋ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪzɪŋ

### Verb

grazing
* present participle and gerund of graze

#### Derived terms

* Earth-grazing
* grazingly
* grazing occultation
* nongrazing

### Noun

grazing (countable and uncountable, plural grazings)
* Grazeland.
** 1901 June 7, “District Reports”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record‎, volume 4, number 7, page 196:The grazing is all parched and withered up, and it is wonderful how cattle get through the winter here as they do.
** 2001, Sally Jeanrenaud, Communities and Forest Management in Western Europe:There are about one thousand common grazings across the Highlands and Islands. Typically 15-20 crofters share in an area of common grazings, on average 400-500 hectares, which is usually hill-land, unsuitable for cultivation.
* (countable, uncountable) The action of animals eating, mainly of grass in a field or on other grassland.
** 2011, Iain R. Thomson, Isolation Shepherd:Here were the MacKays' cattle coming steadily up the track from their daily grazings on the lochside driven by Glen.

#### Derived terms

{{col|en|fly grazing |goat grazing problem |grazing fire |macrograzing |semi-zero grazing |sungrazing
# расточительница
## Russian
### Etymology

From расточи́тель (rastočítelʹ) +‎ -ница (-nica)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rəstɐˈt͡ɕitʲɪlʲnʲɪt͡sə]

### Noun

расточи́тельница • (rastočítelʹnica) f anim (genitive расточи́тельницы, nominative plural расточи́тельницы, genitive plural расточи́тельниц, masculine расточи́тель)
* female equivalent of расточи́тель (rastočítelʹ): female profligate (an overly wasteful individual)
# muklākam
## Latvian
### Adjective

muklākam
* dative masculine singular of muklāks
# надвратниците
## Macedonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nadvratˈnit͡sitɛ]
* Hyphenation: над‧врат‧ни‧ци‧те

### Noun

надвратниците • (nadvratnicite)
* unspecified definite plural of надвратник m (nadvratnik)
# 看命
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kànmìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kua$^4$ mia$^5$ / kuaⁿ$^4$ mia$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khòaⁿ-miā
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kànmìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kànmìng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻan$^4$-ming$^4$
*** Yale: kàn-mìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kannminq
*** Palladius: каньмин (kanʹmin)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰän⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kua$^4$ mia$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kua̍ⁿ-miā
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰua⁴² mia²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kuaⁿ$^4$ mia$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰũã⁴² mia²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòaⁿ-miā
*** Tâi-lô: khuànn-miā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qvoarmia
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ miã²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ miã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ miã²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ miã³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ miã³³/

### Verb

看命
* (Hokkien and Puxian Min) to tell someone's fortune

#### Synonyms

* 算命 (suànmìng)
* 相命 (xiàngmìng)
* (Teochew) 卦命

#### Derived terms

* 看命仙
* 看命先生
* 看命喙
* 看命磕
* 看命鳥 / 看命鸟
# resurfacing
## English
### Verb

resurfacing
* present participle and gerund of resurface

### Noun

resurfacing (plural resurfacings)
* The application of a new surface.
    the need for frequent road resurfacings
* The act of coming above the surface again.
    The researchers measured the number of resurfacings per minute by each dolphin.
* (figurative) A reappearance or reoccurrence.
# třenice
## Czech
### Etymology

From třít +‎ -ice.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtr̝̊ɛɲɪt͡sɛ]

### Noun

třenice f
* friction
* squabble

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “třenice”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “třenice”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “třenice”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# opibus
## Latin
### Noun

opibus f
* dative/ablative plural of ops
# excitomotory
## English
### Adjective

excitomotory (not comparable)
* (archaic, physiology) Exciting motion; said of that portion of the nervous system concerned in reflex action, by which impressions are transmitted to a nerve centre and then reflected back so as to produce muscular contraction without sensation or volition.
    excitomotory function
    excitomotory power

#### Coordinate terms

* incitomotor
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “excitomotory”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
# trefo
## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Treff, Russian тре́фы (tréfy), Polish trefl and French trèfle, all from Latin trifolium. Equivalent to tri (“three”) + folio (“leaf”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtrefo]
* Rhymes: -efo
* Hyphenation: tre‧fo

### Noun

trefo (accusative singular trefon, plural trefoj, accusative plural trefojn)
* (card games) The suit of clubs, marked with the symbol ♣.

### See also

Suits in Esperanto · emblemoj (layout · text) :
| kero | karoo, rombo | piko | trefo |

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto trefo, French trèfle, German Treff, Russian тре́фы (tréfy), Spanish tréboles..

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtre.fo/

### Noun

trefo (plural trefi)
* (card games) The suit of clubs, marked with the symbol ♣.

### See also

Suits in Ido · emblemi (layout · text) :
| kordio | karelo | piquo | trefo |
# trebón
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* torbón

### Etymology

From metathetical alteration of torbón, from Old Galician-Portuguese torvon (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *turbōnem (“whirlwind”), accusative of Latin turbō, turbinem, with altered declension. Compare Portuguese trovão, Spanish turbión (archaic or dialectal turbón). Cf. also turbina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tɾeˈβoŋ/

### Noun

trebón m (plural trebóns)
* thunderstorm
    Synonyms: torboada, treboada
* downpour
    Synonyms: arroiada, dioivo, tromba

#### Derived terms

* treboada

#### Related terms

* turbar

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “torvon”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “torvo”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “trebón”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “trebón”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “trebón”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
# dipshits
## English
### Noun

dipshits
* plural of dipshit
# قپاق
## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Alternative forms

* قَاپَاقْ (qapaq)

### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kapgak, from Proto-Turkic *kap-.

### Noun

قَپَاقْ (qapaq)
* lid, cover

#### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: qapaq
* Gagauz: kapak
* Ottoman Turkish: قپاق (kapak)
** Turkish: kapak

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* قاپاق (kapak)
* գափագ (kapak) — Armeno-Turkish

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kapgak (“cover”); cognate with Azerbaijani qapaq, Bashkir ҡапҡас (qapqas), Kyrgyz капкак (kapkak), Southern Altai какпак (kakpak), Turkmen gapak, Uyghur قاپقاق (qapqaq) and Uzbek qopqoq.

### Noun

قپاق • (kapak)
* lid, the top or cover of a container
    Synonyms: پوشنده (puşende), طباق (tabak)
* stopper, bung, cork used to prevent fluids from passing
* outside layer of a bale of any damageable commodity
* (by extension) outside layer of any goods, when sold apart

#### Derived terms

* دیز قپاغی (diz kapağı, “kneecap”)
* قپاق سواریسی (kapak süvarisi, “post-captain in the navy”)
* قپاق طاشی (kapak taşı, “flat stone used as a cover”)
* قپاقسز (kapaksız, “without a lid or cover”)
* قپاقلو (kapaklı, “furnished with a lid or cover”)
* گوز قپاغی (göz kapağı, “eyelid”)
* یݣ قپاغی (yeñ kapağı, “cuff of a sleeve”)

#### Related terms

* قاپامق (kapamak, “to close”)
* قپو (kapu, “door”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kapak
** → Northern Kurdish: qepax, qapax
* → Albanian: kapak
* → Armenian: ղափաղ (ġapʻaġ), խափախ (xapʻax), կափաղ (kapʻaġ)
* → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܩܲܦܲܚܬܵܐ (qappaḥtā)
* → Bulgarian: капак (kapak)
* → Greek: καπάκι (kapáki)
* → Macedonian: капак (kapak)
* → Romanian: capac
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: капак
    Latin script: kapak

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kapak1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2393
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قپاق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 945
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Operculum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1206
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قپاق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3610
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kapak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قپاق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1436
# قصیر
## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïsïr.

### Adjective

قصیر (qısır)
* (of an animal or a human) infertile, barren
* (of the soil) infertile, barren

#### Related terms

* قصراق (qısraq, “mare”)

#### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: qısır
* Gagauz: kısır
* Ottoman Turkish: قیصیر (kısır), قصر (kısır), قصیر (kısır)
** Turkish: kısır
** → Armenian: խըսըր (xəsər)

### Further reading

* Kanar, Mehmet (2018) “kısır”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 439
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kısır”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
# adrenergic
## English
### Etymology

From adreno- +‎ -ergic.

### Adjective

adrenergic (comparative more adrenergic, superlative most adrenergic)
* Having the quality of adrenaline or epinephrine.
* Containing or releasing adrenaline.
* Activated by an adrenal mechanism.

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:adrenergic.

#### Derived terms

* adrenergic receptor
* alpha-adrenergic
* antiadrenergic
* beta-adrenergic
* hyperadrenergic
* neuroadrenergic
* nonadrenergic
* sympathoadrenergic

#### Translations
### Noun

adrenergic (plural adrenergics)
* Any adrenergic compound.

### References

* ↑ “adrenergic, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French adrénergique.

### Adjective

adrenergic m or n (feminine singular adrenergică, masculine plural adrenergici, feminine and neuter plural adrenergice)
* adrenergic
# அங்காளதேவி
## Tamil
### Etymology

அம் (am) +‎ காளி (kāḷi) +‎ தேவி (tēvi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aŋɡaːɭad̪eːʋi/

### Noun

அங்காளதேவி • (aṅkāḷatēvi)
* (Hinduism) Angala Devi (a guardian deity)

#### Descendants

* → English: Angala Devi
# عزیمت
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic عَزِيمَة (ʕazīma).

### Noun

عزیمت • (azimet)
* departure

#### Descendants

* Turkish: azimet

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَزِيمَة (ʕazīma).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔa.ziː.ˈmat]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.ziː.mǽt̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔä.ziː.mǽt̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔä.ziː.mǽt̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔä.zi.mǽt̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæ.ziː.mǽt̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔä.zi.mǽt̪]

### Noun

عزیمت • (azimat)
* departure, heading off

#### Related terms

* عازم (âzem, “departing, heading”)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عزیمت”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# მერიტოკრატია
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [meɾitʼokʼɾatʼia]
* Hyphenation: მე‧რი‧ტოკ‧რა‧ტია

### Noun

მერიტოკრატია • (meriṭoḳraṭia) (plural მერიტოკრატიები)
* meritocracy

#### Declension

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
# muļķīga
## Latvian
### Adjective

muļķīga
* inflection of muļķīgs:
** genitive masculine singular
** nominative feminine singular
# kotłownią
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔˈtwɔv.ɲɔw̃/
* Rhymes: -ɔvɲɔw̃
* Syllabification: ko‧tłow‧nią

### Noun

kotłownią
* instrumental singular of kotłownia
# 리스너
## Korean
### Etymology

From English listener.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ɾisʰɯnʌ̹]
* Phonetic hangul: [리스너]

### Noun

리스너 • (riseuneo)
* listener
# guette
## French
### Etymology

From guetter or from Old French guaite f, from Medieval Latin wacta f, from Frankish *wahta f.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡɛt/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

guette f (plural guettes)
* watchman, sentinel
* watchtower

### Verb

guette
* inflection of guetter:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “guette”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# paṇāma
## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀧𑀡𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
* पणाम (Devanagari script)
* পণাম (Bengali script)
* පණාම (Sinhalese script)
* ပဏာမ or ပꧣႃမ (Burmese script)
* ปณาม or ปะณามะ (Thai script)
* ᨷᨱᩣᨾ or ᨸᨱᩣᨾ (Tai Tham script)
* ປຓາມ or ປະຓາມະ (Lao script)
* បណាម (Khmer script)
* 𑄛𑄕𑄂𑄟 (Chakma script)

### Noun

paṇāma m
* salutation
* bending
* adoration
* bowing down.

#### Declension
### References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “paṇāma”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead
# அத்தர்
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hindustani इत्र (itra) / عِطْر ('itr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /at̪ːaɾ/

### Noun

அத்தர் • (attar)
* attar, fragrant essential oil
# அன்னை
## Tamil
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Tamil 𑀅𑀷𑁆𑀷𑁃 (aṉṉai).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /anːai/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

அன்னை • (aṉṉai) (plural அன்னையர்)
* mother (or a motherly figure in general)
    Synonyms: தாய் (tāy), அம்மா (ammā), ஆய் (āy)
    Coordinate term: தந்தை (tantai)
# அரா
## Tamil
### Etymology

Back-formation of அரவு (aravu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aɾaː/

### Noun

அரா • (arā)
* snake, serpent
    Synonym: பாம்பு (pāmpu)
# அலவாங்கு
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese alavanca.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /alaʋaːŋɡɯ/

### Noun

அலவாங்கு • (alavāṅku)
* (Jaffna) crowbar
# அல்லல்
## Tamil
### Etymology

From the root அல்லு (allu, “to interlace, knit, weave”), cognate with Telugu అల్లరి (allari), Malayalam അല്ലൽ (allal) and Kannada ಅಲ್ಲ (alla).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /allal/

### Noun

அல்லல் • (allal) (plural அல்லல்கள்)
* affliction, distress, sorrow
    Synonyms: துன்பம் (tuṉpam), இடுக்கண் (iṭukkaṇ), இக்கட்டு (ikkaṭṭu)
* trouble, difficulty
# இசக்கியம்மன்
## Tamil
### Etymology

இசக்கி (icakki) +‎ அம்மன் (ammaṉ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /it͡ɕakːijamːan/, [isakːijamːan]

### Proper noun

இசக்கியம்மன் • (icakkiyammaṉ)
* (Hinduism) Isakki
# இவுளி
## Tamil
### Etymology

Possibly cognate with Brahui ہُلِّی (hullī). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iʋuɭi/

### Noun

இவுளி • (ivuḷi)
* horse
* horseman, warrior
* mango tree
# இஸ்திரி
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hindustani استری / इस्त्री (istrī), from Portuguese estirar (“to stretch out (clothes)”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ist̪iɾi/

### Noun

இஸ்திரி • (istiri)
* flatiron
* ironing of clothes
# உடுப்பு
## Tamil
### Etymology

From உடு (uṭu, “to wear, put on”) +‎ -ப்பு (-ppu), cognate with Telugu ఉడుపు (uḍupu), Kannada ಉಡುಪು (uḍupu) and Malayalam ഉടുപ്പ് (uṭuppŭ).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /uɖupːɯ/

### Noun

உடுப்பு • (uṭuppu)
* (chiefly in Sri Lankan Tamil) dress, cloth
    Synonyms: ஆடை (āṭai), துணி (tuṇi)
# உரிச்சொல்
## Tamil
### Etymology

உரி (uri) +‎ சொல் (col).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uɾit͡ɕːol/

### Noun

உரிச்சொல் • (uriccol) (grammar)
* adjective
* adverb
# உளி
## Tamil
### Etymology

Cognate with Telugu ఉలి (uli). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uɭi/

### Noun

உளி • (uḷi)
* chisel
    Synonym: டங்கம் (ṭaṅkam)
* battle axe
# உள்ளுணர்வு
## Tamil
### Etymology

Compound of உள் (uḷ) +‎ உணர்வு (uṇarvu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uɭːuɳaɾʋɯ/

### Noun

உள்ளுணர்வு • (uḷḷuṇarvu)
* intuition, conscience
    Synonym: மனசாட்சி (maṉacāṭci)
# ஊழியன்
## Tamil
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uːɻijan/

### Noun

ஊழியன் • (ūḻiyaṉ) (plural ஊழியர்கள்) (masculine, often impolite)
* servant
    Synonym: பணியாள் (paṇiyāḷ)
* (Christianity) pastor, prophet

#### See also

* (polite) ஊழியர் (ūḻiyar)
# கடலை
## Tamil
### Alternative forms

* கடல (kaṭala), கடலெ (kaṭale) — Spoken Tamil

### Etymology

Cognate with Kannada ಕಡಲೆ (kaḍale), Malayalam കടല (kaṭala) and Tulu ಕಡಲೆ (kaḍale).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /kaɖalai/

### Noun

கடலை • (kaṭalai)
* nut, pulse, gram (chickpeas, peanuts as such)

#### Descendants

* → English: kadala
* → Malay: kedelai
** → Indonesian: kedelai
* → Sinhalese: කඩල (kaḍala)
# கண்ணகி
## Tamil
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaɳːaɡi/

### Proper noun

கண்ணகி • (kaṇṇaki)
* (Hinduism) Kannagi (folk goddess of chasity)

#### Descendants

* → English: Kannagi
# கருவா
## Tamil
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaɾuʋaː/

### Noun

கருவா • (karuvā)
* cinnamon tree
* cinnamon oil
* cinnamon
# காளி
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit काली (kālī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaːɭi/

### Proper noun

காளி • (kāḷi)
* (Hinduism) Kali (title of Durga)

#### Derived terms

* அங்காளதேவி (aṅkāḷatēvi)
# கிடங்கு
## Tamil
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kiɖaŋɡɯ/

### Noun

கிடங்கு • (kiṭaṅku)
* trench, ditch
* store house, godown
* prison, jail
* pond, tank
* hole, cavity
* to excavate a ditch
* bakery

#### Descendants

* → Malay: gudang (see there for further descendants)
# கில்லாடி
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀔𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀟𑀻 (khilāḍī). Compare Hindi खिलाड़ी (khilāṛī).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /killaːɖi/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

கில்லாடி • (killāṭi) (plural கில்லாடிகள்)
* a clever person
    Synonym: அறிவாளி (aṟivāḷi)
* trickster
    Synonym: அயோக்கியன் (ayōkkiyaṉ)
* (rare, dated) vagabond
# foistiness
## English
### Etymology

From foisty +‎ -ness.

### Noun

foistiness (uncountable)
* (obsolete) mouldiness; mustiness

### References

* “foistiness”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# குடிமகன்
## Tamil
### Etymology

From குடி (kuṭi) +‎ மகன் (makaṉ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuɖimaɡan/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

குடிமகன் • (kuṭimakaṉ) (masculine)
* citizen

#### Declension

Takes on epicene form in the plural declension.
# குயவரி
## Tamil
### Etymology

குயம் (kuyam) +‎ வரி (vari).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kujaʋaɾi/

### Noun

குயவரி • (kuyavari)
* tiger
    Synonym: புலி (puli)
# குருவி
## Tamil
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *kurVwi (“sparrow”). Cognate with Malayalam കുരുവി (kuruvi).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuɾuʋi/
* Audio (India):(file)

### Noun

குருவி • (kuruvi)
* sparrow (Passer domesticus)
* (astrology) the 19th nakshatra (lunar asterism)
# குலோத்துங்கன்
## Tamil
### Etymology

Sanskritic formation from குல (kula, adjectival of குலம் (kulam, “dynasty, clan”)) +‎ உத்துங்க (uttuṅka, “exalt”) +‎ -அன் (-aṉ, masculine suffix particle), translates to "exalter of the dynasty."

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuloːt̪ːuŋɡan/

### Noun

குலோத்துங்கன் • (kulōttuṅkaṉ)
* a male given name

### Proper noun

குலோத்துங்கன் • (kulōttuṅkaṉ)
* Kulothunga; a title of some of the prominent Chola kings
# குழப்புதல்
## Tamil
### Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuɻapːud̪al/

### Verb

குழப்புதல் • (kuḻapputal)
* gerund of குழப்பு (kuḻappu)

#### Descendants

* → Sinhalese: කුලප්පුව (kulappuwa)
# கோவல்
## Tamil
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koːʋal/

### Proper noun

கோவல் • (kōval)
* Alternative form of Tirukoilur (a city in Kallakurichi district, Tamil Nadu, India)
# க்ஷேபம்
## Tamil
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit क्षेप (kṣepa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʂeːbam/

### Noun

க்ஷேபம் • (kṣēpam)
* occupying time
* passing time
* killing time
* (colloquial) good occupation of time
# vukodlak
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьlkolakъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋukǒdlak/
* Hyphenation: vu‧ko‧dlak

### Noun

vukòdlak m (Cyrillic spelling вуко̀длак)
* werewolf

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “vukodlak”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
# சிந்தை
## Tamil
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चिन्ता (cintā). See also சிந்தனை (cintaṉai).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕin̪d̪ai/, [sin̪d̪ai]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

சிந்தை • (cintai) (plural சிந்தைகள்)
* thought, consideration
    Synonym: எண்ணம் (eṇṇam)
# சினைப்பெயர்
## Tamil
### Etymology

சினை (ciṉai) +‎ பெயர் (peyar).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ɕinaipːejaɾ/, [sinaipːejaɾ]

### Noun

சினைப்பெயர் • (ciṉaippeyar) (grammar)
* noun denoting part of a whole