# 緬

| 緬 | U+7DEC, &#32236; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DEC |
| ← 緫 [U+7DEB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 緭 → [U+7DED] |

## Translingual
### Han character

緬 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女火一田中 (VFMWL), four-corner 2196$_0$, composition ⿰糹面)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 931, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27674
* Dae Jaweon: page 1370, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3425, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7DEC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蝒 | *men |
| 緬 | *menʔ |
| 湎 | *menʔ |
| 愐 | *menʔ |
| 偭 | *menʔ, *mens |
| 勔 | *menʔ |
| 面 | *mens |
| 麵 | *meːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *menʔ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 面 (OC *mens).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): miǎn (mian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): min$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): men$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mién
    (Meixian, Guangdong): miên$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): miēng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bián / biǎn / biān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): miang$^2$ / miêng$^2$ / miang$^5$ / miêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$mi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
*** Wade–Giles: mien$^3$
*** Yale: myǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
*** Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: min$^5$
*** Yale: míhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: min$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: min$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /miːn¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: men$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐben⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mién
*** Hakka Romanization System: mien$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi̯en³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: miên$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /miɛn³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: miēng
*** Sinological IPA : /mieŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: meng$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mēng
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián
*** Tâi-lô: bián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biern
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /biɛn⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biǎn
*** Tâi-lô: biǎn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biān
*** Tâi-lô: biān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bien
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɛn²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: miang$^2$ / miêng$^2$ / miang$^5$ / miêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miáng / miéng / miâng / miêng
*** Sinological IPA : /miaŋ⁵²/, /mieŋ⁵²/, /miaŋ⁵⁵/, /mieŋ⁵⁵/
* miang2/miang5 - Shantou;
* miêng2/miêng5 - Chaozhou;
* miang5/miêng5 - vernacular (俗).
* Middle Chinese: mjienX
Rime :
| Character | 緬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 彌兖切 |
| Baxter | mjienX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /miᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /miɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mjæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /miɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /mi̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | miǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | min$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*menʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 緬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9093 |
| Phonetic component | 面 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 緬 |
| Old Chinese | /*menʔ/ |

### Etymology 1
#### Definitions

緬
* distant, remote

### Etymology 2
#### Definitions

緬
* Short for 緬甸／缅甸 (Miǎndiàn, “Myanmar, Burma”).

### Etymology 3
#### Definitions

緬
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    緬襠褲／缅裆裤 ― miǎndāngkù ― miandangku, a traditional folk kind of trousers; commonly seen in rural areas yet in the recent past (late 20th century)
** 19th century, Wenkang, chapter 4, in 兒女英雄傳:
       nà nǚzǐ gèng bù dāyán, tā xiān wǎn le wǎn xiùzi, bǎ nà fóqīng cūbù shānzi de jīnzi wǎng yīpáng yī miǎn [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Compounds

* 下緬甸 / 下缅甸 (Xià Miǎndiàn)
* 滇緬 / 滇缅
* 滇緬公路 / 滇缅公路 (Diān Miǎn Gōnglù)
* 緬北 / 缅北 (Miǎnběi)
* 緬想 / 缅想 (miǎnxiǎng)
* 緬憶 / 缅忆
* 緬懷 / 缅怀 (miǎnhuái)
* 緬梔 / 缅栀
* 緬甸 / 缅甸 (Miǎndiàn)
* 緬甸聯邦 / 缅甸联邦
* 緬訴 / 缅诉
* 緬邈 / 缅邈
* 緬靦 / 缅䩄

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “缅”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* fine thread
* Abbreviation of 緬甸 (Menden, Biruma): Burma (Myanmar)

#### Readings

* Go-on: めん (men)
* Kan-on: べん (ben)
* Kun: ほそいと (hosoito)、はるか (haruka)、かるい (karui, 緬い)

## Korean
### Hanja

緬 • (myeon) (hangeul 면)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

緬: Hán Nôm readings: miễn, mén, diến, miến, rịn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.