# 敘

| 敘 | U+6558, &#25944; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6558 |
| ← 敗 [U+6557] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 教 → [U+6559] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 敘 |
| Simplified | 叙 |
| Japanese | 叙 |
| Korean | 敍 |

### Han character

敘 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人木人大 (ODOK), four-corner 8894$_0$, composition ⿰余攵)

#### Derived characters

* 漵

#### Related characters

* 敍 (Orthodox form in Kangxi dictionary)
* 叙 (Simplified form in mainland China, also a Japanese shinjitai)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 472, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13206
* Dae Jaweon: page 821, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1463, character 3
* Unihan data for U+6558

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敘 :
| Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 敘 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljaʔ): phonetic 余 (OC *la) + semantic 攵.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xù (xu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeoi$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): dui$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): si
    (Hailu, HRS): si$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xi$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sy$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sǐr / sū / sī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): su$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zhiu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xù
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syù
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^4$
*** Yale: syù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuh
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeoi$^6$
*** Yale: jeuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵy̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: dui$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /tui³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: si$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /si¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sy$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬy²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐr
*** Tâi-lô: sǐr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sū
*** Tâi-lô: sū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: su
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /su²²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
*** Tâi-lô: sī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: si
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: su$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /su³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zhiu
*** MiniDict: zhiu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$xxy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑy²³/
* Middle Chinese: zjoX
Rime :
| Character | 敘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 徐吕切 |
| Baxter | zjoX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zɨʌ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ziɔ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ziɔ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zɨə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ziɔ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭo$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯wo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zeoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-m-taʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljaʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 敘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjo$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-m-taʔ/ |
| English | order (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 敘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15784 |
| Phonetic component | 余 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*ljaʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文作敍通作敘 |

### Definitions

敘
* to talk; to chat
* to narrate; to recount; to relate
* to assess; to appraise
* Short for 敘利亞／叙利亚 (Xùlìyà, “Syria”).
* (literary) Alternative form of 序 (xù, “order; sequence”)
* (literary) Alternative form of 序 (xù, “to order; to arrange in order”)
* (literary) Alternative form of 序 (xù, “preface”)

### Compounds

* 他敘式 / 他叙式
* 倒敘 / 倒叙 (dàoxù)
* 共敘舊姻 / 共叙旧姻
* 套敘 / 套叙
* 容敘 / 容叙
* 少敘 / 少叙
* 平鋪直敘 / 平铺直叙 (píngpūzhíxù)
* 惇敘 / 惇叙
* 插敘 / 插叙 (chāxù)
* 敘事 / 叙事 (xùshì)
* 敘事句 / 叙事句
* 敘事文 / 叙事文
* 敘事曲 / 叙事曲
* 敘事詩 / 叙事诗 (xùshìshī)
* 敘傳 / 叙传
* 敘別 / 叙别 (xùbié)
* 敘功 / 叙功
* 敘勛 / 叙勋
* 敘家常 / 叙家常
* 敘州 / 叙州 (Xùzhōu)
* 敘文 / 叙文 (xùwén)
* 敘明 / 叙明
* 敘獎 / 叙奖
* 敘用 / 叙用
* 敘禮 / 叙礼 (xùlǐ)
* 敘舊 / 叙旧 (xùjiù)
* 敘言 / 叙言 (xùyán)
* 敘話 / 叙话
* 敘說 / 叙说 (xùshuō)
* 敘論 / 叙论
* 敘談 / 叙谈 (xùtán)
* 敘述 / 叙述 (xùshù)
* 敘述句 / 叙述句
* 敘錄 / 叙录
* 敘闊 / 叙阔
* 暢敘 / 畅叙 (chàngxù)
* 泣笑敘闊 / 泣笑叙阔
* 秩敘 / 秩叙
* 自敘帖 / 自叙帖
* 記敘 / 记叙 (jìxù)
* 記敘文 / 记叙文 (jìxùwén)
* 議敘 / 议叙
* 追敘 / 追叙 (zhuīxù)
* 銓敘 / 铨叙 (quánxù)
* 鋪敘 / 铺叙
* 閒敘 / 闲叙
* 順敘 / 顺叙

### References

* “敘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “叙”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 269.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Alternative form of 敍.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): じょ (jo)
* Kun: ついでる (tsuideru)、ついで (tsuide)

## Korean
### Hanja

敘 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

敘: Hán Nôm readings: tự
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.