# 哀

| 哀 | U+54C0, &#21696; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54C0 |
| ← 咿 [U+54BF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 品 → [U+54C1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

哀 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹女 (YRHV), four-corner 0073$_2$, composition ⿳亠口𧘇)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 188, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3580
* Dae Jaweon: page 407, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 620, character 10
* Unihan data for U+54C0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 哀 | *qɯːl |
| 依 | *qɯl |
| 衣 | *qɯl, *qɯls |
| 扆 | *qɯlʔ |
| 庡 | *qɯlʔ |
| 偯 | *qɯlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯːl): phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

### Etymology 1

Probably sound-symbolic (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): āi (ai$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄞ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngai$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): oi$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): oi$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ngai$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ôi
    (Hailu, HRS): oi$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): oi$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ghai$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): uói
* Eastern Min (BUC): ăi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ai$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ai
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ai$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$e
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngai$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: āi
*** Zhuyin: ㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ai
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^1$
*** Yale: āi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ai
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ngai$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngai
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋai⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: oi$^1$
*** Yale: ōi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: oi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: oi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːi̯⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: oi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵘɔi³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ngai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋai⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ôi
*** Hakka Romanization System: oi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: oi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /oi̯²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: oi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /oi⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: oi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /oɪ⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ghai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɣai¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uói
*** Sinological IPA : /uɛ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ăi
*** Sinological IPA : /ai⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ai$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ai
*** Sinological IPA : /ai⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ai
*** Tâi-lô: ai
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ay
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ai³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ai⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ai$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ai
*** Sinological IPA : /ai³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$e
*** MiniDict: e$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$e
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /e⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /e⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ngai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋai̯³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit哀 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ai⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ai⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /nai²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ŋɛ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɣɛ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ai²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ŋai²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /nɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɛ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ai⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ŋai⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ŋai⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ŋai⁵⁵/ /ai⁵⁵/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /æ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ae³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʐe̞²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɣai¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ŋæ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ŋɛ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /e⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /e̞⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ʔe̞³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /e³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ŋɛ³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ŋai³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ŋai³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ŋai⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /oi⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /oi²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ɔi⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ɔi⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ɔi⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ai⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ai⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /uɛ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ai³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ai²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: 'oj
Rime :
| Character | 哀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 烏開切 |
| Baxter | 'oj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔəi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔəj/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /ɒi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʔɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | āi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | oi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤəj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 哀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | āi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔoj › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔˁəj/ |
| English | to pity; sad |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 哀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14835 |
| Phonetic component | 衣 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 哀 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯːl/ |

#### Definitions

哀
* to pity; to sympathize
* to lament; to mourn
    哀悼 ― āidào ― to lament; to mourn
    哀求 ― āiqiú ― to beg; to implore
* sad; mournful; pitiful; sorrowful
    哀痛 ― āitòng ― sad; grieved
* grief; sorrow
    節哀／节哀 ― jié'āi ― to restrain one's grief
* orphaned of one's mother due to her passing
* a surname
* (Suzhounese) this; these

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 這 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 這 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 這 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 這 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 這 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 這 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 這 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 這 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 這 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 這 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 這 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 這 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 這 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pizhou | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lianyungang (Ganyu) | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Donghai | 這 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 這 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 這 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 這 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 這 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 這 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 這 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Baoying | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Zhenjiang | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an (Huaiyin) | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xuyi | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rugao | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yancheng | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Funing | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Sihong | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 這 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 這 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 呢, 依 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 呢, 依 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 呢 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 該 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 呢 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 果 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 阿 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 呢 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 呢, 依 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 箇 |
| Gan | Nanchang (Wangcheng) | 箇 |
| Gan | Anyi | 箇 |
| Gan | Lushan | 箇 |
| Gan | Duchang | 箇 |
| Gan | Wuning (Quankou) | 該 |
| Gan | Poyang | 箇 |
| Gan | Yugan | 該 |
| Gan | Wannian | 該 |
| Gan | Yanshan (Hekou) | 這 |
| Gan | Yichun | 箇 |
| Gan | Yifeng | 箇 |
| Gan | Gao'an | 箇 |
| Gan | Fengxin | 箇 |
| Gan | Shanggao | 里 |
| Gan | Wanzai | 箇 |
| Gan | Fengcheng | 該 |
| Gan | Xinyu | 該 |
| Gan | Fuzhou (Shangdundu) | 該 |
| Gan | Fuzhou (Dongxiang) | 箇 |
| Gan | Nancheng | 箇 |
| Gan | Nanfeng | 箇 |
| Gan | Yihuang | 箇 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 該 |
| Gan | Chongren | 該 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 該 |
| Gan | Ji'an | 蓋 |
| Gan | Taihe | 箇 |
| Gan | Xiajiang | 該 |
| Gan | Yingtan (Yujiang) | 箇 |
| Gan | Guixi | 箇 |
| Gan | Jianning | 個 |
| Gan | Jinxian | 箇 |
| Gan | Jinxi | 箇 |
| Gan | Le'an | 該 |
| Gan | Guangchang | 改 |
| Gan | Suichuan | 底 |
| Gan | Wan'an | 介 |
| Gan | Jing'an | 箇 |
| Gan | Zhangshu | 該 |
| Gan | Xingan | 個 |
| Gan | Fenyi | 改 |
| Hakka | Changting | 爾 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 只 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 這 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 底 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 底 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 底 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 底 |
| Hakka | Xunwu | 底 |
| Hakka | Huichang | 底 |
| Hakka | Xingguo | 界 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 這 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 這 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 這 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 這 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 這 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 這 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 這 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 爾 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 這 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 伊 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 這 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 這 |
| Jin | Datong | 這 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 這 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 這 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 這 |
| Jin | Linhe | 這 |
| Jin | Jining | 這 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 這 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 這 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 這 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 這 |
| Jin | Handan | 這 |
| Jin | Suide | 這 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 𱕇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 只, 者, 嚽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 者 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 這 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 這 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 這 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 這 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 只, 這 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 這 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 這 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 這 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 這 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 這 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 這 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 這 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 這 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 這 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 這 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 這 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 這 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 這 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 這 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 這 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 只 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 這 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 這 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 這 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 這 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 這 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 這 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 迄好 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 這 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 只 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 只 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 只 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 只 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 只 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 只 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 這 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 這 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 這 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 只蜀 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 只蜀 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 這 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 這 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 當 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 者 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 只 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 這 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 亞 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 這 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 個 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 搿, 迭 dated, 第 obsolete |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 搿 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 格 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 格 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 吉, 講, 葛 also that |
| Wu | Suzhou | 該, 搿 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 個 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 意 |
| Wu | Changshu | 俚 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 葛 |
| Wu | Jiashan | 葛 |
| Wu | Pinghu | 葛 |
| Wu | Haining (Yanguan) | 葛 |
| Wu | Tongxiang | 葛 |
| Wu | Haiyan | 葛 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 資 |
| Wu | Danyang | 格 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Gaochun) | 格 |
| Wu | Huzhou | 格 |
| Wu | Changxing | 格 |
| Wu | Anji | 格 |
| Wu | Deqing | 葛 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 葛 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 葛 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Lin'an) | 葛 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 葛 |
| Wu | Tonglu | 葛 |
| Wu | Tonglu (Wusheng) | 個個 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 咸 |
| Wu | Zhuji | 咸 |
| Wu | Shengzhou | 咸 |
| Wu | Xinchang | 咸 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 葛 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Zhenhai) | 葛 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 耶 |
| Wu | Cixi | 葛 |
| Wu | Taizhou (Huangyan) | 葛 |
| Wu | Tiantai | 葛 |
| Wu | Sanmen | 葛 |
| Wu | Wenling | 葛, 格 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 個 |
| Wu | Yueqing | 個 |
| Wu | Yongjia (Fenglin) | 個 |
| Wu | Rui'an | 個 |
| Wu | Pingyang | 個 |
| Wu | Taishun | 這 |
| Wu | Wencheng | 個 |
| Wu | Lishui | 已 |
| Wu | Qingtian | 已 |
| Wu | Jinyun | 已 |
| Wu | Songyang (Xiping) | 益 |
| Wu | Yunhe | 益 |
| Wu | Qingyuan | 這 |
| Wu | Longquan | 搭 |
| Wu | Suichang | 益 |
| Wu | Jiangshan | 益 |
| Wu | Changshan | 益 |
| Wu | Kaihua | 益 |
| Wu | Longyou | 個 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 等, 待 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 吾 |
| Wu | Yongkang | 個 |
| Wu | Pujiang | 這, 吉 |
| Wu | Dongyang | 個 |
| Wu | Wuyi | 愛個 |
| Wu | Lanxi | 個 |
| Wu | Shangrao | 這 |
| Wu | Shangrao (Guangfeng) | 伊 |
| Wu | Yushan | 伊 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 咯 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 咯 |

#### Compounds

* 七哀
* 乞哀
* 乞哀告憐 / 乞哀告怜 (qǐ'āigàolián)
* 佞哀
* 修哀
* 傷哀 / 伤哀
* 八哀詩 / 八哀诗
* 凄哀
* 割哀
* 可哀 (kě'āi)
* 吞哀
* 告哀
* 含哀
* 哀丐
* 哀丘
* 哀些
* 哀人
* 哀傷 / 哀伤 (āishāng)
* 哀兵
* 哀兵必勝 / 哀兵必胜 (āibīngbìshèng)
* 哀冊 / 哀册
* 哀凶
* 哀切 (āiqiè)
* 哀匏
* 哀卹
* 哀厚
* 哀厲 / 哀厉
* 哀叩
* 哀叫 (āijiào)
* 哀吊
* 哀吁
* 哀吟
* 哀告 (āigào)
* 哀吹豪竹
* 哀咽
* 哀哉 (āizāi)
* 哀哇
* 哀哀
* 哀哀欲絕 / 哀哀欲绝
* 哀哽
* 哀哭 (āikū)
* 哀嗟
* 哀嘆 / 哀叹 (āitàn)
* 哀囀 / 哀啭
* 哀壑
* 哀壯 / 哀壮
* 哀娛 / 哀娱
* 哀婉 (āiwǎn)
* 哀子
* 哀宥
* 哀容
* 哀家 (āijiā)
* 哀家梨
* 哀察
* 哀居 (Āijū)
* 哀平
* 哀弄
* 哀弔 / 哀吊
* 哀弦
* 哀彈 / 哀弹
* 哀心
* 哀念
* 哀思 (āisī)
* 哀怛
* 哀急
* 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
* 哀恨
* 哀恕
* 哀恫
* 哀恤
* 哀悃
* 哀情 (āiqíng)
* 哀悴
* 哀悼 (āidào)
* 哀惋
* 哀悽 / 哀凄 (āiqī)
* 哀惜
* 哀悲
* 哀惶
* 哀愁 (āichóu)
* 哀惸
* 哀感
* 哀惻 / 哀恻
* 哀愍
* 哀感頑豔 / 哀感顽艳
* 哀愨 / 哀悫
* 哀愴 / 哀怆
* 哀憂 / 哀忧
* 哀慟 / 哀恸 (āitòng)
* 哀慼 / 哀戚
* 哀慕
* 哀慘 / 哀惨
* 哀憐 / 哀怜 (āilián)
* 哀憫 / 哀悯
* 哀憤 / 哀愤
* 哀懇 / 哀恳
* 哀懼 / 哀惧
* 哀戀 / 哀恋
* 哀戚 (āiqī)
* 哀拯
* 哀挽
* 哀摧
* 哀啟 / 哀启 (āiqǐ)
* 哀敬
* 哀文
* 哀時 / 哀时
* 哀書 / 哀书
* 哀曼
* 哀杖
* 哀梨
* 哀楚
* 哀榮 / 哀荣 (āiróng)
* 哀樂 / 哀乐
* 哀歌 (āigē, “elegy”)
* 哀歎 / 哀叹 (āitàn)
* 哀毀 / 哀毁
* 哀毀瘠立 / 哀毁瘠立 (āihuǐjílì)
* 哀毀骨立 / 哀毁骨立 (āihuǐgǔlì)
* 哀氣 / 哀气
* 哀求 (āiqiú)
* 哀江南賦 / 哀江南赋
* 哀江頭 / 哀江头
* 哀泣 (āiqì)
* 哀激
* 哀烏 / 哀乌
* 哀烏郎 / 哀乌郎
* 哀煢 / 哀茕
* 哀牢 (Āiláo)
* 哀狖
* 哀王孫 / 哀王孙
* 哀玉
* 哀疚
* 哀痛 (āitòng)
* 哀痛詔 / 哀痛诏
* 哀眷
* 哀矜 (āijīn)
* 哀石
* 哀祈
* 哀祭
* 哀笳
* 哀策
* 哀箏 / 哀筝
* 哀籥
* 哀籲 / 哀吁
* 哀素
* 哀絃 / 哀弦
* 哀絲 / 哀丝 (āisī)
* 哀結 / 哀结
* 哀絲豪竹 / 哀丝豪竹
* 哀而不傷 / 哀而不伤 (āi'érbùshāng)
* 哀耗
* 哀聲 / 哀声
* 哀聽 / 哀听
* 哀腸百轉 / 哀肠百转
* 哀臞
* 哀臨 / 哀临
* 哀艷 / 哀艳 (āiyàn)
* 哀苦 (āikǔ)
* 哀荒
* 哀號 / 哀号 (āiháo)
* 哀蟬曲 / 哀蝉曲
* 哀角
* 哀詞 / 哀词 (āicí)
* 哀訴 / 哀诉
* 哀詔 / 哀诏 (āizhào)
* 哀誄 / 哀诔
* 哀請 / 哀请
* 哀識 / 哀识
* 哀豔 / 哀艳 (āiyàn)
* 哀贊 / 哀赞
* 哀輓 / 哀挽
* 哀轉 / 哀转
* 哀辭 / 哀辞 (āicí)
* 哀迫
* 哀迷
* 哀酸
* 哀閔 / 哀闵
* 哀隱 / 哀隐
* 哀雅
* 哀音
* 哀響 / 哀响
* 哀頓 / 哀顿
* 哀風 / 哀风
* 哀颯 / 哀飒
* 哀駘 / 哀骀
* 哀鬱 / 哀郁
* 哀鳴 / 哀鸣 (āimíng)
* 哀鴻 / 哀鸿 (āihóng)
* 哀鴻遍地 / 哀鸿遍地
* 哀鴻遍野 / 哀鸿遍野 (āihóngbiànyě)
* 哀麗 / 哀丽
* 哀默
* 喜怒哀樂 / 喜怒哀乐 (xǐnù'āilè)
* 嗚呼哀哉 / 呜呼哀哉 (wūhū'āizāi)
* 國哀 / 国哀
* 垂哀
* 奔哀
* 奪哀 / 夺哀
* 娛哀 / 娱哀
* 孤哀子
* 寒哀
* 居哀
* 怨哀哀
* 怨怨哀哀
* 息哀
* 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
* 愍哀
* 愁哀
* 憂哀 / 忧哀
* 憂國哀民 / 忧国哀民
* 憫哀 / 悯哀
* 憐哀 / 怜哀
* 成哀
* 敘哀 / 叙哀
* 新哀
* 於乎哀哉 / 于乎哀哉
* 於呼哀哉 / 于呼哀哉 (wūhū'āizāi)
* 極哀 / 极哀
* 榮哀 / 荣哀
* 樂往哀來 / 乐往哀来
* 樂極哀來 / 乐极哀来
* 樂極生哀 / 乐极生哀
* 樂盡哀生 / 乐尽哀生
* 殺哀 / 杀哀
* 求哀
* 沈哀
* 清哀
* 牛哀
* 獨弦哀歌 / 独弦哀歌
* 生榮亡哀 / 生荣亡哀
* 生榮死哀 / 生荣死哀
* 生榮沒哀 / 生荣没哀
* 發哀 / 发哀
* 盡哀 / 尽哀
* 矜哀
* 祁哀
* 祥哀
* 禹哀
* 穆哀
* 節哀 / 节哀 (jié'āi)
* 節哀順變 / 节哀顺变 (jié'āishùnbiàn)
* 羊角哀
* 耗矣哀哉
* 致哀 (zhì'āi)
* 舉哀 / 举哀 (jǔ'āi)
* 苦竹哀絲 / 苦竹哀丝
* 苦苦哀求
* 莫里哀 (Mòlǐ'āi)
* 見哀 / 见哀
* 誌哀 / 志哀 (zhì'āi)
* 豪竹哀絲 / 豪竹哀丝
* 豪管哀弦
* 赴哀
* 遂哀
* 遣哀
* 遺哀 / 遗哀
* 酸哀
* 銜哀 / 衔哀
* 銜哀致誠 / 衔哀致诚
* 韓哀 / 韩哀
* 顧哀 / 顾哀
* 餘哀 / 余哀
* 驚哀 / 惊哀
* 鳴哀 / 鸣哀
* 鴻雁哀鳴 / 鸿雁哀鸣 (hóngyàn'āimíng)
* 黃雀哀 / 黄雀哀
* 默哀 (mò'āi)

### Etymology 2

Coblin (2021) proposes that it is a contraction of Common Neo-Hakka compound 阿姆 (*a¹ moi¹), where *moi¹ may have come from earlier *moi⁴, perhaps related to 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”).

#### Pronunciation

* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ôi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): oi$^1$
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ôi
*** Hakka Romanization System: oi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: oi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /oi̯²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: oi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /oɪ⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

哀
* (Hakka) mother
    爺哀／爷哀 [Sixian Hakka] ― yà-ôi [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― father and mother; parents

#### Compounds

* 丈人哀
* 兩子哀 / 两子哀
* 哀仔
* 大哀
* 奶哀
* 子哀
* 後哀 / 后哀
* 無爺無哀 / 无爷无哀
* 爺哀 / 爷哀
* 老哀仔
* 阿姆哀

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* pathetic
* grief
* sorrow

#### Readings

* Go-on: あい (ai, Jōyō)、お (o)
* Kan-on: あい (ai, Jōyō)
* Kun: あわれ (aware, 哀れ, Jōyō)、あわれむ (awaremu, 哀れむ, Jōyō)、かなしい (kanashii, 哀しい)、かなしむ (kanashimu, 哀しむ)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 哀
* あい Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 哀 (MC 'oj).

### Noun

哀(あい) • (ai)
* grief; sorrow; sadness; lamentation
    哀(あい)を思(おも)う ― ai o omou ― to feel grief; to grieve; to mourn; lament
* pity; sympathy

#### Synonyms

* 悲(かな)しみ (kanashimi)
* 嘆(なげ)き (nageki)
* 憂(うれ)い (urei)

## Korean
### Hanja

哀 • (ae) (hangeul 애, McCune–Reischauer ae)
* grief, sorrow
* sad

## Vietnamese
### Han character

哀: Hán Nôm readings: ai
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.