# ek
## Afrikaans
### Alternative forms

* ik (Cape Afrikaans or archaic), ekke (emphatic or marked variant)

### Etymology

From Dutch ik, from Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂om (“I”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /æk/, (Cape dialect) /ɛk/
* Audio:(file)

### Pronoun

ek (object my, possessive my)
* I (subject)
** 1976, Tydskrif vir Letterkunde, page 19:Hy het na my geskop, maar ek het dit verwag en het vinnig my been gelig en dwars gedraai.He kicked towards me, but I expected this and quickly lifted my leg and turned it sidewards.
** 1994, in Annemarié Van Niekerk, Vrouevertellers. 1843-1993, Tafelberg-Uitgewers (publ.), page 308.
    " […] Ek is jou vader. Ek sal jou doodslaan as jy nie luister nie!"" […] I am your father. I shall beat you to death if you do not listen!"
** 2011, Kashiefa, Sedick, Zakeer & Sedeeqa Jacobs, "Die pad is toe", in No Land! No House! No Vote! Voices from Symphony Way, Pambazuka Press (publ.), page 132.
    Ek het nog nooit 'n huis gehad nie, my ouers het ook nog nooit een besit nieI have never owned a house, my parents also have never possessed one either.

#### See also
## Ainu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ek/

### Verb

ek (Kana spelling エㇰ, plural ariki)
* (intransitive) to come

## Bergish
### Alternative forms

* ik

### Pronoun

ek
* (Barmen) I (first person pronoun)

#### Coordinate terms

* mek (“me (dative/accusative)”)
* du (“thou”)
* dek (“thee (dative/accusative)”)
* sek (“reflexive pronoun”)
* hä (“he”)
* se (“she/they”)
* et (“it”)

### Further reading

* Charlotte Elling, edited by Paul Decker, Mehr Vertellsches on Vääschkes uttem Wopperdal, Verlag Edition Köndgen, s.a. [2017]; by the Vorwort by Paul Decker Charlotte Elling is from Barmen, and according to publisher it's in "Barmer Platt"

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Back-formation of ek-.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [ek]
* Hyphenation: ek

### Interjection

ek
* let's go, hurry up
    Ek! Ni ne havas multan tempon.Let's go! We don't have much time.

## Fiji Hindi
### Etymology

From Hindi एक (ek).

### Numeral

ek
* one

### References

* Fiji Hindi Dictionary
* Moag, Rodney F. (1977) Fiji Hindi: A basic course and reference grammar‎, Canberra, Australia: Australian National University Press, →ISBN
* Siegel, Jeff (1977) Say it in Fiji Hindi, Australia: Pacific Publications, →ISBN, page 28

## Hokkien
### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 億 (“hundred million; hundred thousand; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 億).

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 厄 (“harrowing; miserable; disaster; calamity; catastrophe; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 厄).

### Etymology 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 啞 (“laughter; sound of laughing”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 啞).

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 憶 (“to recall; to recollect; to think back; to remember; to bear in mind; to memorize; to remember; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 憶).

### Etymology 5

* For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 扼 (“to grasp; to clutch; to guard; to control; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 扼).

### Etymology 6

* For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 抑 (“to press down; to keep down; to repress; to suppress; to restrain; to restrict; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 抑).

### Etymology 7

* For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 溢 (“to overflow; to brim over; to flood; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 溢).

### Etymology 8

* For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 益 (“to overflow; affluent; well-off; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 益).

### Etymology 9

* For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 臆 (“chest; breast; bosom; thought; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 臆).

## Icelandic
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse ek, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek), from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

#### Alternative forms

* ég (modern)
* eg (archaic, poetic)

#### Pronoun

ek
* (archaic) I
    Ek spurða þá, hvar ek skyldi sitja.I asked then, where I should sit.

##### Declension

Icelandic personal pronouns :
| singular | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter |
| nominative | ég, eg, ek | þú | hann | hún, hon, hón | það, þat |
| accusative | mig, mik | þig, þik | hann | hana | það, þat |
| dative | mér | þér | honum, hánum | henni | því |
| genitive | mín | þín | hans | hennar | þess |
| plural | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter |
| nominative | við | þið, þit | þeir | þær | þau |
| accusative | okkur | ykkur | þá | þær | þau |
| dative | okkur | ykkur | þeim | þeim | þeim |
| genitive | okkar | ykkar | þeirra | þeirra | þeirra |

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

ek
* first-person singular active present indicative of aka

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐκ (ek). Also seen as a borrowing from Latin ex, with the x changed to just k so not to interfere with ex-, which shares the same origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛk/

### Preposition

ek
* (general sense) out
* (indicating motion) out, out of, out from, from
    Adportez stulo ek ta chambro ― Bring a chair out of that room.
    Lu prenis ca folio ek la tir-kesto ― He took this leaf from the drawer.
* of, made from, made of (of materials)
    Ek quon esas ta tasi? ― What are the cups made of?
    Li esas ek porcelano. ― They are made of china.
* (mathematics) (indication fractional parts) out of
    Nonadek ek cent. ― Ninety out of a hundred (90%).
    En ca armeo, 5 ek 100 esas ocidita, 10 ek 100 vundita.In this army, five out of (every) 100 were killed, and ten per cent were wounded.

#### Derived terms

* ek-

#### Related terms

* ex-

## Kalasha
### Etymology

From Sanskrit एक (eka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos. Compare Hindi एक (ek).

### Numeral

ek
* one; 1

## Ladino
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin ecce. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Old Spanish or Italian?”)

### Interjection

ek (Hebrew spelling איק)
* lo!, behold!, see!, look! (here is)
** 1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur‎, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page ii:Ek el motivo por el cual io me di la pena a azer esta traduction: De muncius miembros de la comunedad Israelita-Spaniola de Craiova donde io so sus ofisiante, tuve oido dezir, i con razon, ke noestras orasiones dicias en lingua Ebrea, serüa mijor si eran dicias en las linguas avladas i conosidas del poevlo.Here is the reason why I took the pain of making this translation: I have heard many members of Craiova’s Sephardic community say, and with [good] reason, that our prayers said in Hebrew would sound better if they were in the languages known to the people.

### References

* ↑ “ek”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Marshallese
### Pronunciation

* (phonetic) IPA: [ek]
* (phonemic) IPA: /jek/
* Bender phonemes: {yȩk}

### Noun

ek
* fish

### References

* Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

## Mauritian Creole
### Alternative forms

* e

### Etymology

From French avec.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ek]

### Conjunction

ek
* and

### Preposition

ek
* with

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* eek, eke

### Etymology

From Old English ēac, from Proto-Germanic *auk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛːk/

### Adverb

ek
* also, in addition, besides

#### Derived terms

* ekename

#### Related terms

* eake

#### Descendants

* Scots: eik, ek
* English: eke
* ⇒ Middle English: ekename
** ⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)

## Middle Low German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛk/, /ek/

### Pronoun

ek
* Alternative form of ik.

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* ei (Föhr-Amrum)
* ai (Mooring)

### Etymology

From Old Norse ekki. Cognate with Danish ikke, Faroese ikki, Norwegian Nynorsk ikkje.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛkʰ]

### Adverb

ek
* (Sylt) not
    „Di rocht Saaken ken di Oogen ek se“, sair di Litji Prins, fuar höm dit tö morki.“The important things cannot be seen with the eyes,” said the Little Prince, so he would remember this.

## Northern Ohlone
### Pronoun

ek
* my, mine (first-person, singular, possessive pronoun)

### References

* María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎, Unpublished

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Danish eg, from Old Norse eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”). Cognate with Swedish ek, Norwegian Nynorsk, Faroese, and Icelandic eik, German Eiche, and English oak.

### Noun

ek m (definite singular eken, indefinite plural eker, definite plural ekene)
* an oak

#### Related terms

* eik

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aik.

### Noun

ēk f
* oak

### References

* Köbler, Gerhard, Altfriesisches Wörterbuch (4th edition 2014)

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* iak — Old East Norse
* -k — enclitic

### Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek, “I”), from Proto-Germanic *ek (“I”), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ek/

### Pronoun

ek
* I (first-person singular pronoun)
** c. 900, Vǫluspá, verse 1, line 1:Hliods bið ec allar... (Codex Regius, circa 1270) Hlioðs bið ek allar... (Hauksbók, circa 1306) Hljóðs bið ek allar... (normalised orthography)For silence I ask all...
** 1220-1240, Egils saga, chapter 3, line 16:
    "Þótt þetta vandræði hafi nú borit oss at hendi, þá mun eigi langt til, at sama vandræði mun til yðvar koma, því at Haraldr, ætla ek, at skjótt mun hér koma, þá er hann hefir alla menn þrælkat ok áþját, sem hann vill, á Norðmæri ok í Raumsdal." (Norse)
       translation by William Charles Green:
          Though this danger now touches us, before long the same will come to you; for Harold, as I ween, will hasten hither when he has enthralled and oppressed after his will all in North Mæra and Raumsdale.
       translation by Hallvard Lie:
          Though this trouble have now lighted on our hand, 'twill not be long ere the same trouble shall come upon you; for Harald, I ween, will shortly hither come, soon as he hath all men thralled and enslaved, according to this will, in Northmere and Raumsdale.

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: ég
* Faroese: eg, jeg
* Norn: eg
* Norwegian: ej, é, eig, í, æg, æj, æ, je, jæj (dialectal)
** Norwegian Nynorsk: eg
* Jamtish: jeg
* Dalian: ik, ig
** Elfdalian: ig
* Old Swedish: iak, iæk, iag, iagh, iach (late), ᛁᛆᚴ, ᛁᛅᚴ (Runic)
** Swedish: jag
* Old Danish: iak, iæk, iægh, æk, ak
** Danish: jeg, a, æ, ja, jæ (dialectal)
*** Norwegian Bokmål: jeg
** Scanian: jağ
** Jutish: æ
* Old Gutnish: iek

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “ek”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛːk/

### Noun

ēk f
* oak

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: êke, êk
** Low German: Eek
** Plautdietsch: Ieekj

## Proto-Norse
### Romanization

ek
* Romanization of ᛖᚲ
* Romanization of ᛖᚴ

## Rohingya
### Alternative forms

* (Arabic) اࣦكۡ
* (Bengali) এক
* (Myanmar) ဧက်
* (Hanifi) 𐴀𐴠𐴑 (ek)

### Etymology

From Sanskrit एक (eka, “one”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛk̚]

### Numeral

ek
* one

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eːk/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ek c
* oak

#### Derived terms

* ekollon (“acorn”)
* korkek (“cork oak”)

### References

* ek in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ek in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* ek in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Tocharian B
### Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *ëk, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃okʷ- (“to see”) + the noun-forming ending *-s. Compare Tocharian A ak.

### Noun

ek m
* (anatomy) eye
    Eśane klausane ṣeycer-me kartstse yolo lkātsi klyaussisa."You had eyes and ears to see and hear good and evil."

#### Derived terms

* ekaṣṣe
* eśneṣṣe
* eśanetstse

### Further reading

* Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ek”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 78-79

## Turkish
### Noun

ek (definite accusative eki, plural ekler)
* annex
* (publishing) supplement (of newspapers, magazines &c.)
    Synonym: ilave
* addition
* attachment
* addendum
* (linguistics) morpheme that is attached to a word
** affix
** suffix

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
ek
ekler
definite accusative
eki
ekleri
dative
eke
eklere
locative
ekte
eklerde
ablative
ekten
eklerden
genitive
ekin
eklerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
ekim
eklerim
2nd singular
ekin
eklerin
3rd singular
eki
ekleri
1st plural
ekimiz
eklerimiz
2nd plural
ekiniz
ekleriniz
3rd plural
ekleri
ekleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
ekimi
eklerimi
2nd singular
ekini
eklerini
3rd singular
ekini
eklerini
1st plural
ekimizi
eklerimizi
2nd plural
ekinizi
eklerinizi
3rd plural
eklerini
eklerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
ekime
eklerime
2nd singular
ekine
eklerine
3rd singular
ekine
eklerine
1st plural
ekimize
eklerimize
2nd plural
ekinize
eklerinize
3rd plural
eklerine
eklerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
ekimde
eklerimde
2nd singular
ekinde
eklerinde
3rd singular
ekinde
eklerinde
1st plural
ekimizde
eklerimizde
2nd plural
ekinizde
eklerinizde
3rd plural
eklerinde
eklerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
ekimden
eklerimden
2nd singular
ekinden
eklerinden
3rd singular
ekinden
eklerinden
1st plural
ekimizden
eklerimizden
2nd plural
ekinizden
eklerinizden
3rd plural
eklerinden
eklerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
ekimin
eklerimin
2nd singular
ekinin
eklerinin
3rd singular
ekinin
eklerinin
1st plural
ekimizin
eklerimizin
2nd plural
ekinizin
eklerinizin
3rd plural
eklerinin
eklerinin
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
ekim
eklerim
2nd singular
eksin
eklersin
3rd singular
ek ektir
ekler eklerdir
1st plural
ekiz
ekleriz
2nd plural
eksiniz
eklersiniz
3rd plural
ekler
eklerdir :

#### Hyponyms

* ön ek

### Adjective

ek
* additional
* supplementary

### Verb

ek
* second-person singular imperative of ekmek

## Volapük
### Pronoun

ek
* someone; anyone

#### Declension
## West Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian āk, from Proto-West Germanic *auk.

### Adverb

ek
* also, too

#### Further reading

* “ek”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

## Zhuang
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *ʔeːkᴰ (“yoke”), from Middle Chinese 軛 (MC 'eak, “yoke”). Cognate with Thai แอก (ɛ̀ɛk), Lao ແອກ (ʼǣk), Tai Dam ꪵꪮꪀ, Shan ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜀𑜫 (ʼik).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /ʔeːk˧˥/
* Tone numbers: ek$^7$
* Hyphenation: ek

### Noun

ek (Sawndip forms 兀 or 𰠪 or 枙 or 𣐎, 1957–1982 spelling ek)
* yoke