# دماغ
## Arabic
### Etymology

Blend of دَم (dam, “blood”) +‎ مُخّ (muḵḵ, “brain”), compare Arabic دَمْع (damʕ, “tears”) of the same relation with عَيْن (ʕayn, “eye”). While دَمْع (damʕ, “tears”) traces its formation back to Proto-Semitic, the present term is only parallelled by Ethiopian Semitic, Ge'ez ድማሕ (dəmaḥ), ድማኅ (dəmaḫ), ድማህ (dəmah, “head; crown of the head; skull; summit”), Amharic ድማኅ (dəmaḫ, “top of the head”), Argobba ድማኅ (“head”), Gafat dəmʷä (“head”), Silt'e ዱም (dum), Wolane ዱሚ (dumi, “head; hair of head”), Tigre ደምቀት (dämḳät, “crown of the head”), apparently back-formed from later plurals ድማቅ (dəmaḳ), ድመቅ (dəmäḳ), with presumable Gurage borrowings Awngi ዱሚ (dūmī, “top”), Oromo dumi (“head”). While borrowing of at least a part of the terms is manifest, the preservation of guttural fricatives unassimilated in voicedness to the second radical against Arabic points to either inheritance from Proto-West Semitic or borrowing from Old South Arabian whose names of body parts use to be poorly attested.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /di.maːɣ/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

دِمَاغ • (dimāḡ) m (plural أَدْمِغَة (ʔadmiḡa) or دُمُغٌ (dumuḡun)) (countable)
* (anatomy) brain (control center of the central nervous system)
    Hypernyms: مُخّ (muḵḵ, “the cerebrum”), مُخَّيْخ (muḵḵayḵ, “the cerebrum”)

#### Derived terms

* دِمَاغِيّ (dimāḡiyy, “cerebral”)

#### Descendants

* → Chagatai: دماغ
** Uyghur: دىماغ (dimagh)
** Uzbek: dimogʻ (“pharynx”)
* → Classical Persian: دِمَاغ (dimāğ)
** → Bengali: দেমাগ (demag)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: दिमाग़ (dimāġ)
    Urdu: دِمَاغ (dimāġ)
** → Khalaj: damâğ
* → Crimean Tatar: dimağ
* → Middle Armenian: տիմաղ (timaġ)
* → Ottoman Turkish: دماغ (dimağ)
** Turkish: dimağ (archaic)

### References

* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 478
* Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 134
* Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000) “*dimāγ-”, in Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volumes I: Anatomy of Man and Animals, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, page 50 No. 52
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “دماغ”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Chagatai
### Etymology

From Arabic دِمَاغ (dimāḡ).

### Noun

دماغ (damāğ)
* brain

#### Descendants

* Uyghur: دىماغ (dimagh)
* Uzbek: dimogʻ (“pharynx”)

### References

* András J. E. Bodrogligeti, A Grammar of Chagatay

## Egyptian Arabic
### Noun

دماغ • (dimāḡ) f
* (countable) the upper front part of the body of an animal, the head
    ضربت الصرصار على دماغ كسّمه! ― I bashed the cockroach on its fucking head!
    شغّلي دماغك معايا بقا! ― Come on! Use your head, girl!
    Synonym: راس (rās)
** (of humans) the crown of the head; the scalp
    رحتله علشان يحلقلك دماغك. ― I/you went to him to get your head shaved.
* (uncountable) mind; intelligence; reason
    عاملّي فيها راجل دماغه متفتّحه!And you are/he is acting and pretending to be such an open-minded man!
    دا طلع عنده دماغ فعلا. ― It seems that he really has a head after all.
    كبّر دماغك.Never mind it./Ignore it./Don't worry about it. [Literally, "Enlarge/expand your head"]
    Synonym: عقل (ʕaʔl)
* (countable, uncommon) the brain
    Synonym: مخ (muḵḵ)
* (uncountable, informal) the state or feeling of being under the effect of a drug; euphoria, excitement, or stupor from narcosis; being, looking, sounding, or feeling high or stoned
    دا شكله عامل دماغ. ― He looks high.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دِمَاغ (dimāḡ, “brain”).

### Noun

دماغ • (dimağ)
* brain, the organ which controls the central nervous system
    Synonyms: بینی (beyni), مخ (muh), مغز (mağz)
* encephalon the area of central nervous system enclosed within the skull
* (by extension) mind, sense, understanding, consciousness

#### Descendants

* Turkish: dimağ

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “dimağ”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1226
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دماغ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 581
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Cerebrum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 170
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دماغ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2135
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دماغ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 914

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic دِمَاغ (dimāḡ, “brain”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [di.ˈmɑːɣ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɪ.mɑ́ːɣ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d̪ɪ.mɑ́ːɣ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d̪ɪ.mɑ́ːɣ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d̪i.mɔ́ːɣ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d̪æ.mɒ́ːɢ̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d̪i.mɔ́ʁ]

### Noun

دماغ • (dimāğ / damâğ)
* (Iran or uncommon) nose
    Synonyms: بینی (bīnī / bini), پوز (pōz / puz)
* (Iran) figurative senses
** vanity, pride
** strong inclination
** disposition, condition, mood
    Synonym: حال (hāl / hâl)
* (Dari, Classical Persian or archaic) brain, conceit
    Synonyms: مغز (mağz), ذهن (zihn / zehn)

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: দেমাগ (demag)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: दिमाग़ (dimāġ)
    Urdu: دِمَاغ (dimāġ)
* → Khalaj: damâğ

#### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “دماغ”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “دماغ”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Vullers, Johann August (1855) “دماغ”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 901

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دِمَاغ (dimāḡ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dmaːɣ/, [dmæːɣ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

### Noun

دماغ • (dmāḡ) f (plural أدمغة (ʾadmiḡa))
* brain
    Synonym: مخ (muḵḵ)

## Southwestern Fars
### Etymology

From Arabic دِمَاغ (dimāḡ).

### Noun

دماغ (domâğ)
* (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) nose

## Urdu

Picture dictionary :
دماغ
کھوپڑی
دماغ
آنکھ
ہونٹ
ناک
منہ
ٹھوڑی
جبڑا
کنپٹی
کان
گردن :

### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دِمَاغ (dimāğ), borrowed from Arabic دِمَاغ (dimāḡ), a blend of دَم (dam) + مُخّ (muḵḵ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /d̪ɪ.mɑːɣ/
* Audio (Pakistan):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːɣ
* Hyphenation: دِ‧ماغ

### Noun

دِماغ • (dimāġ) m (Hindi spelling दिमाग़)
* (anatomy) brain, cerebrum
    Synonyms: بھیجا (bhejā), مَغْز (maġz)
* brain (intellect), mind
    Synonym: ذَہْن (zahn)
* conceit, pride
    Synonyms: گُھمَنْڈ (ghumanḍ), غُرُور (ġurūr)

#### Further reading

* “دماغ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* “دماغ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “دماغ”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “دماغ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* S. W. Fallon (1879) “دماغ”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* John Shakespear (1834) “دماغ”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC