# own
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əʊn/
* (General American) enPR: ōn, IPA: /oʊn/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* (Hong Kong) IPA: /uŋ/
* Rhymes: -əʊn

### Etymology 1

From Middle English owen, aȝen, from Old English āgen (“own, proper, peculiar”), originally the past participle of āgan; from Proto-West Germanic *aigan (“own”), from Proto-Germanic *aiganaz (“own”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to have, possess”).
Cognate with Scots ain (“own”), Saterland Frisian oain (“own”), Dutch, German and Norwegian Nynorsk eigen (“own”), Norwegian Bokmål and Swedish egen (“own”), Icelandic eigin (“own”). Originally past participle of the verb at hand in English owe.
Also cognate with Sanskrit ईश्वर (īśvará, “able to do, capable of; owner, master”).

#### Alternative forms

* owne (obsolete)
* 'n (informal contraction)

#### Adjective

own (not comparable)
* Belonging to; possessed; acquired; proper to; property of; titled to; held in one's name; under/using the name of. Often marks a possessive determiner as reflexive, referring back to the subject of the clause or sentence.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 24:16:The fathers shall not bee put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: euery man shall be put to death for his owne sinne.
** 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 14:Prospero: Fairely ſpoke ; / Sit then, and talke with her, ſhe is thine owne ;
** 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:I corralled the judge, and we started off across the fields, in no very mild state of fear of that gentleman's wife, whose vigilance was seldom relaxed. And thus we came by a circuitous route to Mohair, the judge occupied by his own guilty thoughts, and I by others not less disturbing.
** 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:He looked round the poor room, at the distempered walls, and the bad engravings in meretricious frames, the crinkly paper and wax flowers on the chiffonier; and he thought of a room like Father Bryan's, with panelling, with cut glass, with tulips in silver pots, such a room as he had hoped to have for his own.
** 2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 27:The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […], or offering services that let you […] "share the things you love with the world" and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.
* Not shared.
    When we move into the new house, the kids will each have their own bedroom.
* (obsolete) Peculiar, domestic.
* (obsolete) Not foreign.

##### Usage notes

* Often used for implication of ownership, often with emphasis. In modern usage, it always follows a possessive determiner, or a noun in the possessive case.

##### Derived terms

* abound in one's own sense
* afraid of one's own shadow
* after one's own heart
* after one's own soul
* a good deed is its own reward
* a life of its own
* a prophet has no honor in his own country
* a prophet is not without honor save in his own country
* at one's own peril
* at one's own risk
* attend to one's own knitting
* beat someone at their own game
* believe one's own eyes
* be one's own man
* be one's own worst enemy
* bird of one's own brain
* blow one's own horn
* blow one's own trumpet
* bring one's own hide to market
* by one's own hand
* carry one's own hide to market
* carry one's own weight
* catch someone at their own game
* chase one's own tail
* choose-your-own-adventure
* choose your own adventure
* come into one's own
* comfortable in one's own skin
* cut one's own throat
* devil's own
* dig one's own grave
* don't shit in your own nest
* do one's own thing
* do one's own time
* dose of one's own medicine
* drink one's own Kool-Aid
* each to his own
* each to their own
* eat one's own
* eat one's own dog food
* every man is the architect of his own fortune
* every miller draws water to his own mill
* feather one's own nest
* for one's own good
* for one's own hand
* foul one's own nest
* frolic of his own
* get one's own back
* get one's own way
* God's own country
* God's own county
* go one's own way
* have a mind of one's own
* have it your own way
* have one's own zip code
* high on one's own supply
* hoist by one's own petard
* hoisted by one's own petard
* hoisted on one's own petard
* hoisted with one's own petard
* hoist on one's own petard
* hoist with one's own petard
* hold one's own
* in a league of one's own
* in a world of one's own
* in one's own good time
* in one's own little way
* in one's own little world
* in one's own right
* in one's own time
* in one's own world
* it is a wise child that knows his own father
* it's an ill bird that fouls its own nest
* jump at one's own shadow
* keep one's own counsel
* keep to one's own knitting
* know one's own head
* know one's own mind
* leave someone to their own devices
* leave to one's own devices
* legend in one's own lifetime
* legend in one's own lunchtime
* legend in one's own mind
* legend in one's own time
* life of its own
* lift oneself up by one's own bootstraps
* lift oneself up by one's own boot-tags
* lift oneself up by one's own waistbands
* like the sound of one's own voice
* live one's own life
* make a stick for one's own back
* make one's own
* make one's own luck
* march to one's own drum
* march to one's own drummer
* march to the beat of one's own drum
* march to the beat of one's own drummer
* mind one's own business
* mind your own beeswax
* mind-your-own-business
* no one should be judge in his own cause
* off one's own back
* off one's own bat
* of its own head
* of its own study
* of one's own
* of one's own accord
* of one's own making
* one's own boss
* one's own master
* one's time is one's own
* on one's own
* on one's own account
* on one's own bat
* on one's own ground
* on one's own hook
* on one's own time
* on someone's own dime
* out of one's own pocket
* own-account
* own brand
* own goal
* own label
* own motion
* paddle one's own canoe
* pay back in someone's own coin
* pay one's own freight
* pay one's own way
* pick on someone your own size
* play someone at their own game
* plough one's own furrow
* pull oneself up by one's own bootstraps
* pull one's own weight
* raise oneself up by one's own bootstraps
* rent-to-own
* rod for one's own back
* rod for one's own breech
* roll one's own
* roll-your-own
* scratch one's own itch
* sell one's own grandmother
* sign one's own death warrant
* smoke one's own dope
* stand in one's own light
* stand on its own
* stand on one's own bottom
* stand on one's own two feet
* stew in one's own broth
* stew in one's own gravy
* stew in one's own grease
* stew in one's own juice
* stew in one's own juices
* stick to one's own knitting
* take law into one's own hands
* take matters into one's own hands
* take oneself up by one's own ears
* take one's own hide to market
* take one's own life
* take the law into one's own hands
* taste of one's own medicine
* taste of one's own poison
* tell its own story
* tell its own tale
* tend to one's own knitting
* the devil looks after his own
* think one is God's own cousin
* to each his own
* to each their own
* to one's own cheek
* toot one's own horn
* to thine own self be true
* trip over one's own two feet
* under one's own steam
* up one's own ass
* victim of one's own success
* Virtue is her own reward
* virtue is its own reward
* water finds its own level
* water seeks its own level
* with one's own eyes
* write one's own ticket
* you'll be late for your own funeral

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

A back-formation from owner, owning and own (adjective). Compare Old English āgnian, Dutch eigenen, German eignen, Swedish ägna.

#### Verb

own (third-person singular simple present owns, present participle owning, simple past and past participle owned)
* (transitive) To have rightful possession of (property, goods or capital); to have legal title to; to acquire a property or asset.
    I own this car.
* (transitive) To have recognized political sovereignty over a place, territory, as distinct from the ordinary connotation of property ownership.
    The United States owns Point Roberts by the terms of the Treaty of Oregon.
* (transitive) To defeat or embarrass; to overwhelm.
    I will own my enemies.
    If he wins, he will own you.
* (transitive) To virtually or figuratively enslave.
* (online gaming, slang) To defeat, dominate, or be above, also spelled pwn.
* (transitive, computing, slang) To illicitly obtain superuser or root access to a computer system, thereby having access to all of the user files on that system; pwn.
** 1996 June 21, The Happiest Dragon Alive!!, “Re: An unusual situation”, in ‎ (Usenet), retrieved 2016-09-24, message-ID <4qe8pc$8ti@nerd.apk.net>:"TH15 5Y5T3M 15 0WN3D"
* (intransitive, slang) To be very good.
* (intransitive) To admit, concede, grant, allow, acknowledge, confess; not to deny.
    I must own that I have been at fault all this time.
** 1851, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick:I own thy speechless, placeless power; but to the last gasp of my earthquake life will dispute its unconditional, unintegral mastery in me.
** 1895, Kenneth Graham, The Golden Age, London, page 6:For instance, when I flung the cat out of an upper window (though I did it from no ill-feeling, and it didn't hurt the cat), I was ready, after a moment's reflection, to own I was wrong, as a gentleman should.
** 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:I am sorry to own I began to worry then.
** 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 5, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:They learned how perfectly peaceful the home could be. And they almost regretted—though none of them would have owned to such callousness—that their father was soon coming back.
* (transitive) To admit; concede; acknowledge.
** 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:Two of those fellows you must know and own.
** 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “1, ’’Jocelin of Brakelond’’”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book II (The Ancient Monk):It must be owned, the good Jocelin, spite of his beautiful childlike character, is but an altogether imperfect 'mirror' of these old-world things!
* (transitive) To proudly acknowledge; to not be ashamed or embarrassed of.
** 2014 April 17, Dan Shive, El Goonish Shive (webcomic), Comic for Thursday, Apr 17, 2014:"Well, I'm not hiding anymore! I'm owning my girly looks with cute short pink hair!"
* (transitive) To take responsibility for.
* (transitive) To recognise; acknowledge.
    to own one as a son
* (transitive) To claim as one's own.
* (intransitive, UK dialectal) To confess.

##### Synonyms

* (have rightful possession of): to possess, acquire, have to one's name, property of, titled to
* (defeat): beat, defeat, overcome, overthrow, vanquish, have, take, best

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “admit”): disown

##### Derived terms

* co-own
* disown
* owndom
* owner
* own up
* part-own
* pwn
* self-own
* state-owned

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Noun

own (plural owns)
* (Internet slang) A crushing insult.
** 2023 June 10, @__Happyface, Twitter‎:the amount of bigots that just screenshot my profile thinking it's the biggest own is insane.

##### Derived terms

* self-own

### References

* Universal Dictionary of the English Language [UDEL], volume 3, 1896, page 3429: “To possess by right; to have the right of property in; to have the legal right or rightful title to.”
* ibid., UDEL, 1896
* ibid., UDEL, 1896
* ibid., UDEL, 1896

### Anagrams

* NOW, NWO, now, won

## Cornish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *oβn, from Proto-Celtic *oβnus. Cognate with Welsh ofn.

#### Noun

own m
* fear, -phobia
* alarm
* fright, scare

##### Derived terms

* diown (“fearless”)
* own an dowr (“aquaphobia”)
* own ayr (“aerophobia”)
* own dhe (“afraid”)
* own enevales (“zoophobia”)
* own geryow hir (“hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia”)
* own kevnis (“arachnophobia”)
* own kewsel yn poblek (“glossophobia”)
* own lordenyon (“coulrophobia”)
* own naswydhow (“trypanophobia”)
* own neyja (“aerophobia”)
* own routhow (“agoraphobia”)
* own tan (“pyrophobia”)
* own ughelder (“acrophobia”)
* ownek (“fearful”)
* perth own (“be afraid”)
* rag own (“in case”)

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

own
* (Revived Late Cornish) Alternative form of ewn (“accurate”).

## Portuguese
### Interjection

own
* aw (used to express affection)
** 2014, Daniele Nhasser, Amor, és Real, Aped - Apoio e Produção Editora Ltda., →ISBN, page 40:— Own, que fofo, tão gentil você!(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 2014, Lisa McMann, O alçapão, Editora Seguinte, →ISBN, page 9:— Own, você está preocupado com o meu pé — Sera disse, abrindo um sorriso.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Yola
### Pronoun

own
* Alternative form of oan
** 1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, lines 3:Vo no own caars fadere betidesWhom no one cares what betides,
** 1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, lines 10:Thaar's no own aal to taak uz thaar.There's no one at all to take us there,
** 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, lines 7:"Gud bless thee mee gurles," hay zaid, "own an aal.""God bless you, my children," he said, "one and all."
** 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, lines 19:A pipere vel bak lik own in a smote,The piper fell back like one well smitten,

### Adjective

own
* Alternative form of oan
** 1867, OBSERVATIONS BY THE EDITOR, pages 18:Esholthet own anoree[have met one another]
** 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, lines 4:Fan Buckeen hay pooked lik own thing mad.When Buckeen he jumped like a thing mad.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Kathleen A. Browne (1927) “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎, volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
* ↑ Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 18