# 泉州
## Chinese

* 泉州 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 泉州 (Classical)
* 泉州 (Cantonese)
* Chhièn-chû-sṳ (Hakka)
* Choân-chiu-chhī (Southern Min)
* Ciòng-ciŭ (Eastern Min)
* 泉州 (Wu)

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Quánzhōu
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun$^4$ zau$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): Chhièn-chû
    (Meixian, Guangdong): can$^2$ zu$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): Cûing-ciú
* Eastern Min (BUC): Ciòng-ciŭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soeng$^2$ ziu$^1$ / zuiⁿ$^2$ ziu$^1$ / zyⁿ$^2$ ziu$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Choân-chiu / Chôaⁿ-chiu / Chîⁿ-chiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zuan$^5$ ziu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zhi-tseu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Quánzhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Cyuánjhou
*** Wade–Giles: Chʻüan$^2$-chou$^1$
*** Yale: Chywán-jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chyuanjou
*** Palladius: Цюаньчжоу (Cjuanʹčžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cyun$^4$ zau$^1$
*** Yale: chyùhn jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn$^4$ dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qun$^4$ zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$全州 泉州
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhièn-chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: qien$^ˇ$ zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qian$^2$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: can$^2$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Cûing-ciú
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suiŋ³³ t͡siu⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Ciòng-ciŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒieu⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: soeng$^2$ ziu$^1$ [Phonetic: soeng$^5$ niu$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Sé̤ng-ciu
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬœŋ¹³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$niu⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zuiⁿ$^2$ ziu$^1$ [Phonetic: zuiⁿ$^5$ ziu$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sũĩ¹³⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyⁿ$^2$ ziu$^1$ [Phonetic: zyⁿ$^5$ ziu$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sỹ¹³⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵³³/
* Putian:
** soeng2 ziu1.
* Xianyou:
** zuiⁿ2 ziu1, more common;
** zyⁿ2 ziu1 - less common.
* Middle Chinese: dzjwen tsyuw
Rime :
| Character | 泉 | 州 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 疾緣切 | 職流切 |
| Baxter | dzjwen | tsyuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ziuᴇn/ | /t͡ɕɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zʷiɛn/ | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zjuæn/ | /t͡ɕiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zwian/ | /cuw/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziuɛn/ | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭwɛn/ | /t͡ɕĭəu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯wɛn/ | /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | quán | zhōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyun$^4$ | zau$^1$ |

### Proper noun

泉州
* (～市) Quanzhou (a prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian, China)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 泉州(せんしゅう) (Senshū)
* → Korean: 천주(泉州) (Cheonju)
* → Vietnamese: Tuyền Châu (泉州)
Others:
* → English: Chinchew, Chin-chiu, Chinchu, Ch'uan-chou, Ch'üan-chou, Chuanchow, Cyuanjhou, Quanzhou, Tsuan-tsiu
* → French: Quanzhou
* → Georgian: ციუენჭოუ (ciuenč̣ou)
* → German: Quanzhou
* → Korean: 취안저우 (Chwianjeou)
* → Portuguese: Quanzhou
* → Russian: Цюаньчжо́у (Cjuanʹčžóu)
* → Spanish: Quanzhou

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “泉州”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 658.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 泉 | 州 |
| せん Grade: 6 | しゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せんしゅう [séꜜǹshùù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [sẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨː]

### Proper noun

泉(せん)州(しゅう) • (Senshū)
* Quanzhou (a city in Fujian, China)
* (literary) Synonym of 和泉 (“Izumi province”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 泉 | 州 |

### Proper noun

泉州
* chữ Hán form of Tuyền Châu (“Quanzhou (a prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian, China)”).