# dalam
## Eastern Cham
### Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *dalam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪a.lʌm/

### Adjective

dalam (Akhar Thrah spelling ꨕꨤꩌ)
* deep

### Preposition

dalam (Akhar Thrah spelling ꨕꨤꩌ)
* in, inside

#### References

* Thurgood, Graham (1999) From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change‎, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, page 287
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Iban
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *daləm, fom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dalam/
* Rhymes: -alam
* Hyphenation: da‧lam

### Adjective

dalam
* deep

### Preposition

dalam
* inside, in, within (abstract)
    dalam jaku Inggerisin English
* indoor
* interior

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Indonesian
### Alternative forms

* dlm (abbreviation)

### Etymology

Inherited from Malay dalam, from Proto-Malayic *daləm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalem. Semantic loan from Chinese 內 / 内.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈdalam/ [ˈda.lam]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -alam
* Syllabification: da‧lam

### Adjective

dalam (superlative terdalam, equative sedalam)
* deep
    Antonym: dangkal
* (of Chinese kinship) paternal side
    kakek dalam ― paternal grandfather

#### Derived terms

* kedalaman (“depth”)
* pendalaman (“process of deepening”)
* mendalami
* mendalamkan (“to deepen”)
* didalami (“to be deepened”)
* memperdalam (“to deepen”)
* mendalam
* sedalam-dalamnya (“as deep as possible”)
* berdalam-dalam
* dalam-dalam
* dalaman
* kedalaman
* memperdalam
* mendalam
* mendalami
* mendalamkan
* pedalaman
* pendalaman
* sedalam-dalamnya
* dalam negeri

### Noun

dalam (plural dalam-dalam)
* inside, indoors
* interior

### Preposition

dalam
* inside, in, within

#### Derived terms

* dalam jaringan
* dalam jejaring
* dalam pada itu
* dalam peninggal
* di dalam

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Further reading

* “dalam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* dlm (abbreviation)

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *daləm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dalam/
* Audio (Malaysia):(file)
* Rhymes: -alam
* (Kelantan) IPA: [dalẽ]

### Adjective

dalam (comparative lebih dalam, superlative paling dalam, terdalam)
* deep

#### Antonyms

* cetek
* dangkal
* tohor

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pendalaman (“process of deepening”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* pedalaman (“inland”) [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
* dalaman (“internal”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
* kedalaman (“depth”) [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
* sedalam [comparability] (se-)
* dalamkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
* dalami [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
* mendalamkan (“to deepen”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
* mendalami [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
* didalamkan (“to be deepened”) [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
* didalami [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
* memperdalam (“to deepen”) [causative agent focus] (mempeR-)
* diperdalam (“to be deepened”) [causative passive focus] (dipeR-)
* dalam-dalam [reduplication] (redup)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* mendalam (“profound”)
* terdalam (“the deepest”)
* sedalam-dalamnya (“as deep as possible”)

### Preposition

dalam (Jawi spelling دالم)
* inside, in, within (abstract)
    dalam bahasa Inggrisin English
* indoor
* interior

#### Antonyms

* luar

#### Derived terms

* di dalam (“in (concrete)”)
* ke dalam (“(to) inside (of), into”)

### Descendants

* Indonesian: dalam

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*dalem”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic ظَلَمَ (ẓalama).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈda.lam/

### Verb

dalam (imperfect jidlam)
* (of the night, sky, etc.) to get dark