# 蓮花
## Chinese

* 蓮花

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): liánhuā
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lin$^4$ faa$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'lien$^4$ fa$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lièn-fâ
    (Hailu, HRS): lien fa$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): liên$^2$ fa$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): lie$^1$ hua$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): lâing-huá
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): noe$^2$ hua$^1$ / ny$^2$ hua$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liân-hoe / nûi-hoe / liân-hoa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): noin$^5$ huê$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liánhuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liánhua
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^2$-hua$^1$
*** Yale: lyán-hwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianhua
*** Palladius: ляньхуа (ljanʹxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: liánhuār
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: liánhuar
*** Wade–Giles: lien$^2$-hua$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: lyán-hwār
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianhual
*** Palladius: ляньхуар (ljanʹxuar)
*** Sinological IPA : /li̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lin$^4$ faa$^1$
*** Yale: lìhn fā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lin$^4$ faa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lin$^4$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /liːn²¹ faː⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'lien$^4$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈliɛn³⁵ fa⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lièn-fâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: lien$^ˇ$ fa$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lian$^2$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯en¹¹ fa²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: lien fa$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /lien⁵⁵ fa⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: liên$^2$ fa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /liɛn¹¹ fa⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lie$^1$ hua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie¹¹ xua¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâing-huá
*** Sinological IPA : /laiŋ³³ xua⁵⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: noe$^2$ hua$^1$ [Phonetic: noe$^5$ ua$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: né̤-hua
*** Sinological IPA : /nø¹³⁻²¹ $^{(h-)}$ua⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ny$^2$ hua$^1$ [Phonetic: ny$^5$ ua$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ny¹³⁻²¹ $^{(h-)}$ua⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: liân-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lienhoef
*** IPA (Singapore): /liɛn²⁴⁻²¹ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nûi-hoe
*** Tâi-lô: nuî-hue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nui'hoef
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /nuĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân-hoa
*** Tâi-lô: liân-hua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lienhoaf
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: noin$^5$ huê$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nôiⁿ hue
*** Sinological IPA : /nõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³/
* Middle Chinese: len xwae
Rime :
| Character | 蓮 | 花 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | IV | II |
| Fanqie | 落賢切 | 呼瓜切 |
| Baxter | len | xwae |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /len/ | /hˠua/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /len/ | /hʷᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lɛn/ | /xua/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɛn/ | /hwaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /len/ | /xua/ |
| Wang Li | /lien/ | /xwa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lien/ | /xwa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lián | huā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lin$^4$ | faa$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.[r]ˤe[n] qʷʰˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*reːn hʷraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蓮 | 花 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lián | huā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ len › | ‹ xwæ › |
| Old Chinese | /*k.[r]ˁe[n]/ (cf. 蕑 jiān < kean < *kˁre[n] (dial. *k.rˁ- > kˁr-) ‘lotus fruit (Ode 145.2)’) | /*qʷʰˁra/ |
| English | lotus fruit | flower (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蓮 | 花 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 8004 | 5326 |
| Phonetic component | 連 | 化 |
| Rime group | 元 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蓮 | 華 |
| Old Chinese | /*reːn/ | /*hʷraː/ |
| Notes | | 俗與華通用 |

### Noun

蓮花
* lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
    蓮花池／莲花池 ― liánhuā chí ― lotus pond
* water lily (Nymphaea)

#### Synonyms

* (lotus):
* 水芝 (shuǐzhī) (literary)
* 水芙蓉 (shuǐfúróng)
* 芙蓉 (fúróng)
* 芙蕖 (fúqú) (literary)
* 荷花 (héhuā)
* 菡萏 (hàndàn) (literary)
* 蓮 / 莲
* 藕花 (ǒuhuā)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 荷, 蓮, 芙蕖, 芙蓉, 菡萏 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 荷花兒, 蓮花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 荷花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 荷花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 荷花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 荷花兒, 荷花, 蓮花兒, 蓮花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 荷花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 荷花兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 荷花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 荷花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 荷花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 荷花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 荷花, 蓮花兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 荷花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 荷花 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 荷花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 荷花兒, 蓮花兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 荷花 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 荷花 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 荷花 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 荷花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 荷花兒, 蓮花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 荷花兒, 蓮花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 蓮花兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蓮花, 荷花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 荷花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 荷花 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 荷花, 蓮花, 水芙蓉 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 蓮米花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 荷花, 蓮花, 藕花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 蓮花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 荷花 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 荷花, 蓮花, 藕蓮花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 荷花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 荷花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 藕花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 荷花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 荷花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 荷花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 荷花 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蓮花, 荷花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 蓮花 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 蓮花, 荷花 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 荷花 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蓮花, 荷花 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 荷花 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 荷花 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 荷花 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蓮花, 荷花 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 蓮花 |
| Jin | Datong | 蓮花兒 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蓮花兒 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 荷花 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 荷花 |
| Jin | Linhe | 荷花 |
| Jin | Jining | 蓮花兒 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 荷花兒 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 蓮花兒 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Jin | Handan | 荷花, 蓮花, 藕花 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 蓮花兒 |
| Jin | Suide | 荷花兒, 荷花 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蓮花, 荷花 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 蓮花, 荷花 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 蓮花 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 蓮花 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 蓮花 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 蓮花 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 蓮花 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 蓮花 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 蓮花 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 蓮花 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 荷花 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 荷花 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 荷花 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Wu | Danyang | 荷花 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 荷花 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 荷花 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蓮花, 荷花, 蓮子荷花 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 荷花 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 荷花, 蓮花 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蓮花, 荷花 |
* (water lily): 睡蓮／睡莲 (shuìlián)

#### Derived terms

* 朵朵蓮花 / 朵朵莲花
* 步步生蓮花 / 步步生莲花
* 步步蓮花 / 步步莲花 (bùbùliánhuā)
* 舌粲蓮花 / 舌粲莲花
* 葡萄葉銀蓮花 / 葡萄叶银莲花
* 蓮花坐 / 莲花坐 (liánhuāzuò)
* 蓮花樂 / 莲花乐
* 蓮花步步生 / 莲花步步生
* 蓮花漏 / 莲花漏
* 蓮花生 / 莲花生
* 蓮花箬 / 莲花箬
* 蓮花腳 / 莲花脚 (liánhuājiǎo)
* 蓮花落 / 莲花落 (liánhuālào)
* 蓮花頭 / 莲花头
* 金蓮花 / 金莲花 (jīnliánhuā)
* 鐵蓮花 / 铁莲花 (tiěliánhuā)

#### Descendants

* → Old Uyghur: 𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽲𐽳𐽰 (lynqwʾ /⁠lénḫua⁠/)

### Proper noun

蓮花
* (～縣) Lianhua (a county of Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China)
* (～村) Lianhua (a village in Wenquan, Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)