# 循

| 循 | U+5FAA, &#24490; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FAA |
| ← 復 [U+5FA9] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 徫 → [U+5FAB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

循 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹人竹十山 (HOHJU), four-corner 2226$_4$, composition ⿰彳盾)

#### Derived characters

* 㵌, 𣛝, 𦅑, 𧝩

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 369, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10187
* Dae Jaweon: page 696, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 835, character 4
* Unihan data for U+5FAA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 盾 | *l'uːnʔ, *ɦljunʔ |
| 遁 | *l'uːnʔ, *l'uːns |
| 循 | *ljun |
| 揗 | *ljun, *ɦljunʔ, *ɦljuns |
| 楯 | *ljun, *l̥ʰun, *ɦljunʔ |
| 輴 | *l̥ʰun |
| 腯 | *l'uːd |
| 鍎 | *l'uːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljun): semantic 彳 (“movement”) + phonetic 盾 (OC *l'uːnʔ, *ɦljunʔ) – to follow (movement).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xún (xun$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sùn
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): song$^2$ / suong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sung$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xún
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syún
*** Wade–Giles: hsün$^2$
*** Yale: syún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyun
*** Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceon$^4$
*** Yale: chèuhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cên$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: sun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /sun¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: song$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seóng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬɔŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûn
*** Tâi-lô: sûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: suun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sung$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûng
*** Sinological IPA : /suŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: zwin
Rime :
| Character | 循 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 詳遵切 |
| Baxter | zwin |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziuɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zʷin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjuen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zwin/ |
| Li Rong | /ziuĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭuĕn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯uĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ceon$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.lu[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljun/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 循 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zwin › |
| Old Chinese | /*sə.lu[n]/ |
| English | follow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 循 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2626 |
| Phonetic component | 盾 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 旬 |
| Old Chinese | /*ljun/ |

### Definitions

循
* to obey; to comply with; to follow
       xúnzhe lǎoshī de zhǐshì [Pinyin]
       following the teacher's instructions

### Compounds

* 依循 (yīxún)
* 侵蝕循環 / 侵蚀循环
* 單循環賽 / 单循环赛
* 因循 (yīnxún)
* 因循坐誤 / 因循坐误
* 因循守舊 / 因循守旧 (yīnxúnshǒujiù)
* 因循苟且 (yīnxúngǒuqiě)
* 大循環 / 大循环
* 天理循環 / 天理循环
* 天道循環 / 天道循环
* 小循環 / 小循环
* 岩石循環 / 岩石循环
* 循例 (xúnlì)
* 循俗
* 循分
* 循吏 (xúnlì)
* 循名校實 / 循名校实
* 循名督實 / 循名督实
* 循名考實 / 循名考实
* 循名課實 / 循名课实
* 循名責實 / 循名责实 (xúnmíngzéshí)
* 循尚
* 循常
* 循常習故 / 循常习故
* 循序 (xúnxù)
* 循序漸進 / 循序渐进 (xúnxùjiànjìn)
* 循循善誘 / 循循善诱 (xúnxúnshànyòu)
* 循循誘人 / 循循诱人
* 循次而進 / 循次而进
* 循流
* 循理
* 循環 / 循环 (xúnhuán)
* 循環不息 / 循环不息 (xúnhuánbùxī)
* 循環制 / 循环制
* 循環反覆 / 循环反覆
* 循環小數 / 循环小数 (xúnhuán xiǎoshù)
* 循環系統 / 循环系统 (xúnhuán xìtǒng)
* 循環論證 / 循环论证 (xúnhuán lùnzhèng)
* 循環賽 / 循环赛
* 循線 / 循线
* 循聲附會 / 循声附会
* 循良
* 循衣摸床
* 循規蹈矩 / 循规蹈矩 (xúnguīdǎojǔ)
* 循道宗 (súndàozōng)
* 循陔
* 循階 / 循阶
* 循默
* 徼循
* 惡性循環 / 恶性循环 (èxìng xúnhuán)
* 拊循
* 持循
* 景氣循環 / 景气循环 (jǐngqì xúnhuán)
* 氮循環 / 氮循环 (dànxúnhuán)
* 水氣循環 / 水气循环
* 碳循環 / 碳循环 (tànxúnhuán)
* 肺循環 / 肺循环 (fèixúnhuán)
* 血循環 / 血循环 (xuèxúnhuán)
* 血液循環 / 血液循环
* 責實循名 / 责实循名
* 蹈矩循規 / 蹈矩循规
* 蹈規循矩 / 蹈规循矩
* 蹲循
* 遵循 (zūnxún)
* 體循環 / 体循环 (tǐxúnhuán)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to obey, to follow (したがう)
* circulate; sequential (めぐる)
* caress; comfort

#### Readings

* Go-on: じゅん (jun, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しゅん (shun)
* Kun: したがう (shitagau, 循う)、めぐる (meguru, 循る)

### References

* ↑ “循”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

循 • (sun) (hangeul 순)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

循: Hán Nôm readings: tuần
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.