# نشان
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian نِشَان (nišān, “sign, mark”).

### Noun

نشان • (nişan)
* sign, mark, symbol, indicator
    Synonyms: اشارت (işaret), علامت (ʼalamet)
* thing set up, as a post or pillar
* stamp, an indentation or imprint made by stamping
    Synonym: تمغا (tamga)
* target, a butt or mark to shoot at
    Synonyms: آماج (amaç), غرض (ğaraz), هدف (hedef)
* aim, the pointing of a weapon
* decoration worn as an honor
* royal cypher usually set over letters-patent, public buildings, etc.
    Synonym: علامت (ʼalamet)
* token given by a man to his betrothed upon the formal betrothal

#### Derived terms

* نشانجی (nişancı, “marksman”)
* نشانسز (nişansız, “without a sign”)
* نشانكاه (nişangah, “rearsight”)
* نشانلاتمق (nişanlatmak, “to make or let be marked”)
* نشانلامق (nişanlamak, “to mark; to take aim at”)
* نشانلانمق (nişanlanmak, “to become a mark or sign”)
* نشانلو (nişanlı, “marked with a sign”)
* نشانگچ (nişangeç, “a joiner's tool”)
* نشانگیر (nişangir, “one who takes notes”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: nişan
* → Albanian: nishan
* → Armenian: նիշան (nišan)
* → Bulgarian: ниша́н (nišán)
* → French: nichan
* → Greek: νισάνι (nisáni)
* → Macedonian: нишан (nišan)
* → Old East Slavic: нишанъ (nišanŭ)
** → Russian: ниша́н (nišán)
* → Romanian: nișam
* → Serbo-Croatian: nìšan / нѝшан

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “nişan2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3552
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “نشان”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 479a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “نشان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1275
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Signum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1554
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “نشان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 5180
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “nişan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “نشان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2084

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* نیشان (nišân)

### Etymology

From earlier نِیشَان (nīšān), from Middle Persian [script needed] (nyšʾn' /⁠nīšān⁠/, “sign, mark, banner”) (compare Manichaean Parthian 𐫗𐫏𐫢𐫀𐫗 (nyšʾn /⁠nīšān⁠/), Old Armenian նշան (nšan), Old Georgian ნიშანი (nišani), Northern Kurdish nîşan, Central Kurdish نیشان (nîşan)), from [script needed] (nyš /⁠nīš-⁠/) (compare Old Armenian նիշ (niš), Old Georgian ნიში (niši), Classical Syriac ܢܝܫܐ (nīšāʾ), Hebrew נֵס (nēs), loanwords from Iranian). See the Middle Persian for more.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ni.ʃɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [nɪ.ʃɑːn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [nɪ.ʃɑːn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [nɪ.ʃɑːn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ni.ʃɔːn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ne.ʃɒːn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ni.ʃɔn]

### Noun

نشان • (nešân) (plural نشان‌ها (nešân-hâ))
* sign, mark
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 388:چون که عمر شیخ در آخر رسید در وجود خود نشان مرگ دیدčōn ki 'umr-i šayx dar āxir rasīd dar wujūd-i xwad nišān-i marg dīdWhen the Shaykh's life reached its end and he saw in his (bodily) existence the signs of death
* aim, target, butt
* medal, order, decoration
* banner, flag, standard, ensign
* coat of arms

#### Derived terms

* بدنشان (bad-nešân)
* بی‌نشان (bê-nešân)
* خط و نشان کشیدن (xatt-o-nešân kešidan)
* نشان دادن (nešân dâdan)
* نشان کردن (nešân kardan)
* نشانه (nešâne)
* نشانگر (nešângar)
* نشانی (nešâni)
* نشان‌شناسی (nešân-šenâsi)

#### Descendants

(some may be from Middle Persian)
* → Arabic: نِيشَان (nīšān)
* → Aramaic:
    Classical Syriac: ܢܝܫܢܐ (nīšānā)
    Classical Mandaic: ࡍࡉࡔࡀࡍ (nišan)
* → Azerbaijani: nişan
* → Bengali: নিশান (niśan)
* → Chagatai: نشان
** Uyghur: نىشان (nishan)
** Uzbek: nishon
* → Crimean Tatar: nişan
* → Gujarati: નિશાન (niśān)
* → Kannada: ನಿಶಾನೆ (niśāne)
* → Kazakh: нысан (nysan), нышан (nyşan), нысана (nysana)
* → Hindustani: niśān
    Hindi: निशान
    Urdu: نِشان
* → Malay: nisan
** Indonesian: nisan
* → Marathi:
    Devanagari script: निशाण (niśāṇ)
    Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘫𑘰𑘜 (nīśāṇ)
* → Ottoman Turkish: نشان (nişan)
** Turkish: nişan
** → Albanian: nishan
** → Armenian: նիշան (nišan)
** → Bulgarian: ниша́н (nišán)
** → French: nichan
** → Greek: νισάνι (nisáni)
** → Macedonian: нишан (nišan)
** → Old East Slavic: нишанъ (nišanŭ)
*** → Russian: ниша́н (nišán)
** → Romanian: nișam
** → Serbo-Croatian: nìšan / нѝшан
* → Punjabi: niśān
    Gurmukhi script: ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ
    Shahmukhi script: نِشان
* → Sindhi: نِشانُ
* → Turkmen: nyşan

### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “نشان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “nīšān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian نِشَان (nišān).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /nɪ.ʃɑːn/
* Rhymes: -ɑːn
* Hyphenation: نِ‧شَان

### Noun

نِشَان • (niśān) m (Hindi spelling निशान)
* sign, symbol
* mark, impression, scar
* trace, clue, vestige
* ensign, standard
* decoration, medal

#### Related terms

* نشانہ (niśānā)
* نشانی (niśānī)