# feedback
## English
### Etymology

From feed +‎ back.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfiːdˌbæk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

feedback (usually uncountable, plural feedbacks)
* Critical assessment of a process or activity or of their results.
    Synonyms: estimation, assessment, critique, evaluation
    After you hand in your essays, I will give both grades and feedback.
** 2014 October 9, Marina Carver, “Study finds Boston police target African-Americans disproportionately”, in CNN‎:“Over the past month, the Department has held three separate meetings with the ACLU to receive feedback and engage the organization in the solutions,” the department said in a statement. “As a result of the meetings, the Department agrees that publishing FIO statistics going forward is necessary, and the Department is working toward personalizing interactions between officers and citizens.”
* (electronics, cybernetics, control theory) The part of an output signal that is looped back into the input to control or modify a system.
** 2007, Oliver Sacks, Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain:The fact that similar cortical abnormalities can be experimentally induced in monkeys has allowed Michael Merzenich and his colleagues in San Francisco to explore an animal model of focal dystonia, and to demonstrate the abnormal feedback in the sensory loop and the motor misfirings that, once started, grow relentlessly worse.
* (amplification) The high-pitched howling noise heard when there is a loop between a microphone and a speaker.
    Synonyms: audio feedback, Larsen effect, howlback, howlround
** 2002, John Griesemer, No One Thinks of Greenland, Picador, →ISBN:A loud feedback screech blasted from a speaker on the wall. It was a hailing signal of some kind.

#### Hyponyms

* negative feedback
* positive feedback

#### Coordinate terms

* buffering
* feedforward

#### Derived terms

* 360 degree feedback
* antifeedback
* autofeedback
* biofeedback
* enterprise feedback management
* feedback control
* feedbacker
* feedback loop
* feedback transfer function
* feedbacky
* ice-albedo feedback
* neurofeedback
* postfeedback
* video feedback

#### Descendants

* → German: Feedback
* → Japanese: フィードバック (fīdobakku)
* → Korean: 피드백 (pideubaek)
* → Polish: feedback
* → Portuguese: feedback
* → Russian: фидбэ́к (fidbɛ́k)
* → Spanish: feedback, → retroalimentación (calque)

#### Translations
### Verb

feedback (third-person singular simple present feedbacks, present participle feedbacking, simple past and past participle feedbacked)
* (music) To generate the high-frequency sound by allowing a speaker to cause vibration of the sound generator of a musical instrument connected by an amplifier to the speaker.
    The show ended with a riot of feedbacking guitars.
* (transitive) To provide informational feedback to.
    His employees feedbacked him a lot more than he wanted.
* (transitive) To convey by means of specialized communications channel.
    Customers feedbacked their complaints and some praise.

#### Usage notes

* Some are likely to prefer feed back and its inflected forms feeds back, feeding back, or fed back.

### Further reading

* feedback on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* audio feedback on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

## Danish
### Etymology

From English feedback.

### Noun

feedback c (singular definite feedbacken, not used in plural form)
* feedback (critical evaluation)

#### Synonyms

* respons
* tilbagemelding
* tilbagekobling

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English feedback.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfid.bɛk/, /fitˈbɛk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: feed‧back

### Noun

feedback m (uncountable)
* feedback

## Finnish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English feedback.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfiːdbæk/, [ˈfiːdbæk]
* Rhymes: -iːdbæk

### Noun

feedback
* (jargon) feedback

#### Declension

Possessive forms of feedback (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
feedbackini
feedbackini
accusative
nom.
feedbackini
feedbackini
gen.
feedbackini
genitive
feedbackini
feedbackieni
partitive
feedbackiäni
feedbackejäni
inessive
feedbackissäni
feedbackeissäni
elative
feedbackistäni
feedbackeistäni
illative
feedbackiini
feedbackeihini
adessive
feedbackilläni
feedbackeilläni
ablative
feedbackiltäni
feedbackeiltäni
allative
feedbackilleni
feedbackeilleni
essive
feedbackinäni
feedbackeinäni
translative
feedbackikseni
feedbackeikseni
abessive
feedbackittäni
feedbackeittäni
instructive
comitative
—feedbackeineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
feedbackisi
feedbackisi
accusative
nom.
feedbackisi
feedbackisi
gen.
feedbackisi
genitive
feedbackisi
feedbackiesi
partitive
feedbackiäsi
feedbackejäsi
inessive
feedbackissäsi
feedbackeissäsi
elative
feedbackistäsi
feedbackeistäsi
illative
feedbackiisi
feedbackeihisi
adessive
feedbackilläsi
feedbackeilläsi
ablative
feedbackiltäsi
feedbackeiltäsi
allative
feedbackillesi
feedbackeillesi
essive
feedbackinäsi
feedbackeinäsi
translative
feedbackiksesi
feedbackeiksesi
abessive
feedbackittäsi
feedbackeittäsi
instructive
comitative
—feedbackeinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
feedbackimme
feedbackimme
accusative
nom.
feedbackimme
feedbackimme
gen.
feedbackimme
genitive
feedbackimme
feedbackiemme
partitive
feedbackiämme
feedbackejämme
inessive
feedbackissämme
feedbackeissämme
elative
feedbackistämme
feedbackeistämme
illative
feedbackiimme
feedbackeihimme
adessive
feedbackillämme
feedbackeillämme
ablative
feedbackiltämme
feedbackeiltämme
allative
feedbackillemme
feedbackeillemme
essive
feedbackinämme
feedbackeinämme
translative
feedbackiksemme
feedbackeiksemme
abessive
feedbackittämme
feedbackeittämme
instructive
comitative
—feedbackeinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
feedbackinne
feedbackinne
accusative
nom.
feedbackinne
feedbackinne
gen.
feedbackinne
genitive
feedbackinne
feedbackienne
partitive
feedbackiänne
feedbackejänne
inessive
feedbackissänne
feedbackeissänne
elative
feedbackistänne
feedbackeistänne
illative
feedbackiinne
feedbackeihinne
adessive
feedbackillänne
feedbackeillänne
ablative
feedbackiltänne
feedbackeiltänne
allative
feedbackillenne
feedbackeillenne
essive
feedbackinänne
feedbackeinänne
translative
feedbackiksenne
feedbackeiksenne
abessive
feedbackittänne
feedbackeittänne
instructive
comitative
—feedbackeinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
feedbackinsä
feedbackinsä
accusative
nom.
feedbackinsä
feedbackinsä
gen.
feedbackinsä
genitive
feedbackinsä
feedbackiensä
partitive
feedbackiään feedbackiänsä
feedbackejään feedbackejänsä
inessive
feedbackissään feedbackissänsä
feedbackeissään feedbackeissänsä
elative
feedbackistään feedbackistänsä
feedbackeistään feedbackeistänsä
illative
feedbackiinsä
feedbackeihinsä
adessive
feedbackillään feedbackillänsä
feedbackeillään feedbackeillänsä
ablative
feedbackiltään feedbackiltänsä
feedbackeiltään feedbackeiltänsä
allative
feedbackilleen feedbackillensä
feedbackeilleen feedbackeillensä
essive
feedbackinään feedbackinänsä
feedbackeinään feedbackeinänsä
translative
feedbackikseen feedbackiksensä
feedbackeikseen feedbackeiksensä
abessive
feedbackittään feedbackittänsä
feedbackeittään feedbackeittänsä
instructive
comitative
—feedbackeineen feedbackeinensä :

### Further reading

* “feedback”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English feedback.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fid.bak/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

feedback m (plural feedbacks)
* feedback (generic)

### Further reading

* “feedback”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Polish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English feedback. First attested in 1976.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfid.bɛk/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -idbɛk
* Syllabification: feed‧back

### Noun

feedback m inan
* feedback (critical assessment of a process or activity or of their results)
    Synonyms: informacja zwrotna, uwaga, opinia zwrotna

#### Related terms

* biofeedback

### References

* ↑ Adam Podgórecki (1976) Zagadnienia patologii społecznej‎ (in Polish)

### Further reading

* feedback in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* feed-back
* fio de beque (humorous)

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English feedback.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌfid͡ʒˈbɛ.ki/, /ˌfid͡ʒˈbɛk/, /ˌfi.d͡ʒiˈbɛ.ki/, /ˌfi.d͡ʒiˈbɛk/, /ˌfidˈbɛk/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˌfid͡ʒˈbɛ.ki/, /ˌfid͡ʒˈbɛk/, /ˌfi.d͡ʒiˈbɛ.ki/, /ˌfi.d͡ʒiˈbɛk/, /ˌfidˈbɛk/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˌfid͡ʒˈbɛk/, /ˌfid͡ʒˈbɛ.ki/, /ˌfidˈbɛk/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˌfi.dɨˈbɛ.kɨ/ [ˌfi.ðɨˈβɛ.kɨ]

### Noun

feedback m (plural feedbacks)
* feedback (assessment on information produced)
    Synonyms: comentário, avaliação, retorno
* (electronics) feedback (signal that is looped back to control a system within itself)
    Synonyms: retroalimentação, realimentação
* feedback (howling sound)
    Synonyms: retorno, microfonia

## Romanian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English feedback.

### Noun

feedback n (plural feedbackuri)
* feedback

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English feedback.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfidbak/ [ˈfið̞.β̞ak]
* Rhymes: -idbak

### Noun

feedback m (plural feedbacks)
* feedback
    Synonym: retroalimentación

#### Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

### Further reading

* “feedback”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10