# 釵

| 釵 | U+91F5, &#37365; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91F5 |
| ← 釴 [U+91F4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 釶 → [U+91F6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

釵 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+3, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金水戈 (CEI), four-corner 8714$_0$, composition ⿰釒叉)

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1297, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40191
* Dae Jaweon: page 1800, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4173, character 14
* Unihan data for U+91F5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 叉 | *sʰraːl, *sʰreːl |
| 杈 | *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls |
| 靫 | *sʰraːl, *sʰreːl |
| 汊 | *sʰraːls |
| 衩 | *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls |
| 扠 | *hr'eːl |
| 釵 | *sʰreːl |
| 芆 | *sʰreːl |
| 訍 | *sʰreːls |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chāi (chai$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄞ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caai$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhâi
    (Hailu, HRS): cai$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chăi / tă̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cor$^1$ / cai$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thoe / the / chhai
    (Teochew, Peng'im): toi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chai
*** Wade–Giles: chʻai$^1$
*** Yale: chāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chai
*** Palladius: чай (čaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caai$^1$
*** Yale: chāai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːi̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâi
*** Hakka Romanization System: cai$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cai$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chăi / tă̤
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/, /tʰɛ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cor$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cho̤
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɒ⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cai$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chai
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰai⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoe
*** Tâi-lô: thue
*** Phofsit Daibuun: toef
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰue³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰue⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: the
*** Tâi-lô: the
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tef
*** IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰe⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhai
*** Tâi-lô: tshai
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhay
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰai³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: toi$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thoi
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoi³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsrhea
Rime :
| Character | 釵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 楚佳切 |
| Baxter | tsrhea |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠɛ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰæi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰɛ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰai/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰai/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chāi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caai$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 釵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1182 |
| Phonetic component | 叉 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 釵 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰreːl/ |

### Definitions

釵
* (dated) ornamental forked hairpin

#### Synonyms

* 鈿／钿 (diàn)

#### Compounds

* 分釵斷帶 / 分钗断带
* 分釵破鏡 / 分钗破镜
* 十二金釵 / 十二金钗
* 土釵 / 土钗
* 寶釵 / 宝钗
* 寶釵樓 / 宝钗楼
* 布裙荊釵 / 布裙荆钗
* 插釵 / 插钗
* 斷釵重合 / 断钗重合
* 爵釵 / 爵钗
* 瑤釵 / 瑶钗
* 破鏡分釵 / 破镜分钗
* 紫玉釵 / 紫玉钗
* 紫釵記 / 紫钗记
* 花釵 / 花钗
* 荊釵布裙 / 荆钗布裙
* 荊釵布襖 / 荆钗布袄
* 荊釵裙布 / 荆钗裙布
* 荊釵記 / 荆钗记
* 薛寶釵 / 薛宝钗
* 裙布荊釵 / 裙布荆钗
* 裙釵 / 裙钗
* 金釵 / 金钗 (jīnchāi)
* 金釵十二 / 金钗十二
* 釵股 / 钗股
* 釵腳漏痕 / 钗脚漏痕
* 釵釧 / 钗钏
* 釵釧記 / 钗钏记
* 釵雲 / 钗云
* 釵頭符 / 钗头符
* 釵頭鳳 / 钗头凤
* 鏡破釵分 / 镜破钗分
* 鐶釵 / 镮钗
* 雀釵 / 雀钗
* 髮釵 / 发钗
* 鬢亂釵橫 / 鬓乱钗横
* 鳳釵 / 凤钗

#### References

* “Query for 釵”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
* “釵”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “钗”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 24.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: せ (se)
* Kan-on: さい (sai)
* Kan’yō-on: さ (sa)
* Kun: かんざし (kanzashi)、かざし (kazashi)

### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 釵 (MC tsrhea). Compare modern Mandarin 釵／钗 (chāi, “hairpin; sai (weapon)”).
This character was originally used in Japanese to mean (ornamental) hairpin, and was read with a kun'yomi of kanzashi. The similarity in shape between a hairpin and the weapon called a sai later led to this character being used to refer to the weapon. In modern Japanese, this character is read primarily with its on'yomi of sai, and is used to refer to the weapon. The hairpin sense and kanzashi reading are more often spelled 簪.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sa̠i]

#### Noun

釵(さい) • (sai)
* (weaponry) a sai: a short blunt weapon with a wide guard, used mainly for defense against opponents armed with swords

##### See also

* 十手 (じって, ​jitte)

### Etymology 2

/kamusaɕi/ → /kanzaɕi/
Originally a compound of 髪 (kamu, “hair, hair of the head”, Old Japanese combining form) +‎ 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through (something that sticks through)”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 挿す sasu “to stick through, to insert”). The sashi changes to zashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Alternative forms

* 簪, 髪挿, 鈿

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんざい [kàńzáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠nd͡za̠i]

#### Noun

釵(かんざし) • (kanzashi)
* a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles

##### Usage notes

This sense is more commonly spelled in kanji as 簪 or in kana as かんざし.

### Etymology 3

May be a sound shift from kanzashi.
/kanzaɕi/ → /kazaɕi/
Alternately, this may be a compound of 髪 (ka, “hair”, apophonic form of 毛 ke “hair”) +‎ 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through”).
A folk etymology occasionally encountered is that this as a compound of 花 (ka, “flower”) + 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through”), as many decorative hairpins have floral themes. However, this etymology would mix the Chinese-derived on'yomi of ka and the Old Japanese-derived kun'yomi of sashi, which seems less probable than the above two possibilities.

#### Alternative forms

* 挿頭

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かざし [kàzáshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠za̠ɕi]

#### Noun

釵(かざし) • (kazashi)
* (obsolete) an ornamental hairpin (see above)

##### Related terms

* 挿頭(かざ)す (kazasu): to stick in one's hair (as for decoration); to add decoration on top of something

### References

* 1 2 3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

釵 • (chae, cha) (hangeul 채, 차, revised chae, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, ch'a, Yale chay, cha)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

釵: Hán Nôm readings: thoa, soa, sai
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.