# 志す
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 志
* こころざ Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
Compound of 心 (kokoro, “heart; mind”) +‎ 指す (sasu, “to point”), literally in reference to where one's thoughts are focused on.
First cited to the mid-900s.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こころざす [kòkórózáꜜsù] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞ko̞ɾo̞za̠sɨ]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「志す」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 志す | こころざす | [kòkórózáꜜsù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 志せ | こころざせ | [kòkórózáꜜsè] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 志される | こころざされる | [kòkórózásáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 志させる | こころざさせる | [kòkórózásáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 志せる | こころざせる | [kòkórózáséꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 志そう | こころざそー | [kòkórózásóꜜò] |
| Negative | 志さない | こころざさない | [kòkórózásáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 志さなかった | こころざさなかった | [kòkórózásáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 志します | こころざします | [kòkórózáshímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 志した | こころざした | [kòkórózáꜜshìtà] |
| Conjunctive | 志して | こころざして | [kòkórózáꜜshìtè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 志せば | こころざせば | [kòkórózáꜜsèbà] |

#### Verb

志(こころざ)す • (kokorozasu) intransitive godan (stem 志(こころざ)し (kokorozashi), past 志(こころざ)した (kokorozashita))
* [from mid-900s] to aspire to, to aim for, to set one's sights on, to target or pursue as a goal or aspiration
    彼(かれ)は弁護士(べんごし)を志(こころざ)している。
       Kare wa bengoshi o kokorozashite iru.
       He aspires to be a lawyer.

##### Usage notes

Japanese references are inconsistent in listing this as either a 自動詞 (jidōshi, “intransitive verb”) or 他動詞 (tadōshi, “transitive verb”). Confusingly, definitions given for the purportedly intransitive sense often give usage examples with the object-marking を (o) particle and constructions that appear to be straightforwardly transitive.
In general, the verb can be used in a clearly intransitive way using the directional particle に (ni) to indicate one's aim, and a more generally transitive way using the object particle を (o):
* 学問(がくもん)に志(こころざ)す、漫画家(まんがかのみち)にこころざす
    gakumon ni kokorozasu, mangaka no michi ni kokorozasu
    to aim for studying, to set one's sights on the road to [becoming a] manga artist
* 留学(りゅうがく)を志(こころざ)す
    ryūgaku o kokorozasu
    to pursue [going on] overseas study
This might be broadly similar to the distinction between the transitive verb 向く (muku, “to face something”) and the related intransitive verb 向かう (mukau, “to be facing towards something”), or indeed the intransitive and transitive distinctions in English aspire to, aim for (which require the prepositions to mark the indirect object) and target, pursue (which require no prepositions and simply take a direct object).

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 志さ | こころざさ | kokorozasa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 志し | こころざし | kokorozashi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 志す | こころざす | kokorozasu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 志す | こころざす | kokorozasu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 志せ | こころざせ | kokorozase |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 志せ | こころざせ | kokorozase |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 志される | こころざされる | kokorozasareru |
| Causative | 志させる 志さす | こころざさせる こころざさす | kokorozasaseru kokorozasasu |
| Potential | 志せる | こころざせる | kokorozaseru |
| Volitional | 志そう | こころざそう | kokorozasō |
| Negative | 志さない | こころざさない | kokorozasanai |
| Negative continuative | 志さず | こころざさず | kokorozasazu |
| Formal | 志します | こころざします | kokorozashimasu |
| Perfective | 志した | こころざした | kokorozashita |
| Conjunctive | 志して | こころざして | kokorozashite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 志せば | こころざせば | kokorozaseba |

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 志
* しる Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 志す – see the following entry. :
| 【記しるす】 | [verb] to note, to write down, to record [verb] to keep in one's mind, to remember, to commit to memory Alternative spellings 誌す, 識す, 紀す, 録す |
(This term, 志す, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 “志”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN