# adel
## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch adel, from Middle Dutch adel, from Old Dutch *athal, from Proto-Germanic *aþalą.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑː.dəl/

### Noun

adel (uncountable)
* nobility, aristocracy

## Danish
### Etymology

The word is essentially the same as Old Norse aðal, but the meaning is derived from Middle Low German adel; compare modern German Adel.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈæˀðəl]

### Noun

adel c (singular definite adelen or adlen, not used in plural form)
* nobility, aristocracy
* (solemn, rare) nobility, dignity; refinement

#### Derived terms

* adelig
* adelsdame
* adelsfamilie
* adelsfolk
* adelskab
* adelsslægt
* adelstand
* højadel
* højadelig
* landadel
* lavadel
* lavadelig

### References

* “adel” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch adel, from Old Dutch *athal, from Proto-West Germanic *aþal, from Proto-Germanic *aþalą.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaːdəl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: adel
* Rhymes: -aːdəl

### Noun

adel m (uncountable)
* nobility (class of people)
    De adel had vroeger veel macht in Europa. ― The nobility used to have a lot of power in Europe.
    Hij stamt af van de oude adel. ― He descends from the old nobility.
    In veel landen is de adel een ceremoniële klasse. ― In many countries, the nobility is a ceremonial class.
* nobility (quality of being noble)
    Synonyms: edelheid, noblesse
    Hij had een adel van geest die doorscheen in zijn werken. ― He possessed a nobility of spirit that is reflected in his works.

#### Derived terms

* adel verplicht
* adelen
* Adelheid
* adellijk
* adelstand
* hoogadel
* landadel
* ontadelen

#### Related terms

* edel

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: adel
* → Estonian: aadel
* → Javanese: adhel
* → Papiamentu: adel

### References

* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010) “adel”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎ (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 172

### Anagrams

* dale, lade

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

adel
* inflection of adeln:
** first-person singular present
** singular imperative

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* addull, adyll

### Etymology

From Old English adel, adela, from Proto-West Germanic *adal, from Proto-Germanic *adalaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈadəl/

### Adjective

adel (plural and weak singular adle) (rare)
* rotten, addled (of an egg).
* muddled (of brains).

#### Descendants

* English: addle
* Scots: addle, addil, aidle, aidil, adle

#### References

* “adel(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Middle Low German
### Alternative forms

* adele, addel

### Etymology

From Old Saxon *athal, from Proto-West Germanic *aþal.

### Noun

adel m or n
* nobility

#### Descendants

* Low German: Adel
* Westphalian:
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: iadel
* → Norwegian: adel
* → Swedish: adel
** → Finnish: aateli

### Noun

adel
* tumor, ulcer, esp. finger ulcer (m)
* mining tunnel or gallery
* accumulated nasty moisture, liquid manure, manure slurry

### References

* 1 2 3 van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010) “adel”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎ (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 172
* Lübben, August und Christoph Walther Mittelniederdeutsches Handwörterbuch, Vol II, 1888. Published by Norden und Leipzig. Entry: adel

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑ̀ːdel/

### Etymology 1

Formally, the word is the same as Old Norse aðal, but the meaning is derived from Middle Low German adel; compare modern German Adel.

#### Noun

adel m (definite singular adelen, uncountable)
* nobility

##### Derived terms

* adelig
* adelsbrev
* adelsdame
* adelsdiplom
* adelsfrue
* adelskalender
* adelskap
* adelskvinne
* adelsmann
* adelsmerke
* adelsprivilegium
* adelsskjold
* adelsslekt
* adelsstand
* adelstittel
* adelsætt

##### Related terms

* adle

#### References

* Falk, Hjalmar, Torp, Alf (1903–06) Etymologisk ordbog over det norske og det danske sprog [Etymological Dictionary of the Norwegian and Danish Languages]

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse aðal.

#### Noun

adel m
* (dialectal) heartwood

##### Synonyms

* kjerneved

#### References

* Ivar Aasen (1850) “adel”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog‎ (in Danish), Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000
* “adel” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /¹aːdəl/, [¹ɐ̞ːd.əl], [¹ɐ̞ːd.l̩]

### Noun

adel m (definite singular adelen, indefinite plural adlar, definite plural adlane)
* nobility

#### Derived terms

* adeleg
* adelsblod
* adelsbrev
* adelsdame
* adelsdiplom
* adelsfrue
* adelskalender
* adelskap
* adelskvinne
* adelsmann
* adelsmerke
* adelsprivilegium
* adelsskjold
* adelsslekt
* adelsstand
* adelstittel
* adelsvelde
* adelsætt

#### Related terms

* adla

### References

* “adel” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Noun

ādel f
* Alternative form of ādl

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish adel, borrowed from or influenced by Middle Low German adel (“noble descent; nobility”), from Old Saxon athal, from Proto-Germanic *aþalaz (whence also Old Swedish aþal-). Related to German Adel and English athel. Compare also Icelandic aðall (“nobility”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑːdɛl/

### Noun

adel c (uncountable)
* nobility, aristocracy.
    Den svenska adeln har idag inga särskilda privilegier.Today the Swedish nobility has no special privileges.

#### Derived terms

* adelsbrev
* adelsdam
* adelshögfärd
* adelskalender
* adelskap
* adelskvinna
* adelsman
* adelsmärke
* adelsmöte
* adelsprivilegier
* adelssläkt
* adelsstolt
* adelsstånd
* adelstitel
* adla
* adlig
* bördsadel
* fattigadel
* högadel
* lågadel
* tjänsteadel
* ämbetsadel

#### Related terms

* ädel
* ädling

#### See also

* baron m
* baronessa f
* drottning f
* friherre m
* friherrinna f
* fru f
* frälse
* furste m
* greve m
* grevinna f
* hertig m
* hertiginna f
* jarl m
* kejsare m
* kejsarinna f
* kronprins m
* kronprinsessa f
* kung m
* landriddare m
* markis m
* prins m
* prinsessa f
* riddare m

### References

* adel in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (8th ed., 1923)
* ↑ adel in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
* ↑ adel in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* Edla, dela, lade, leda

## Volapük
### Noun

adel (nominative plural adels)
* today

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Derived terms

* adelo
* adelo gödiko

#### Related terms

* ädelo
* ädelo gödiko
* del
* kronamadel
* läbadel
* odelo gödiko