# re
## English

* This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin rē, ablative of rēs (“thing, matter, topic”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹiː/, /ɹeɪ/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -iː, -eɪ

#### Preposition

re
* About, regarding, with reference to; especially in letters, documents, emails and case law.
    Synonyms: about, apropos, as for; see also Thesaurus:about
    Re A (conjoined twins) [2000] EWCA Civ 254
** 2020 July 24, HarryBlank, “SCP-5243”, in SCP Foundation‎, archived from the original on 2 September 2024:"I know it's been a long haul, but can we please not get complacent re: our annual magic gunk explosion? I can't believe I just typed those words."

##### Usage notes

This word, when used in this particular sense, is often rendered as Re: (with a colon and a capital R). It is not an abbreviation. Its capitalization in sentence-initial position (such as in subject lines) is often reanalyzed as being intrinsic, leading to intrasentence capitalization. Because email software introduces it to the subject line in email replies, it often conveys an added meaning of reply in the 21st century, in addition to the earlier aspect of regarding.

##### Related terms

* in re
* in rem

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Glover's solmization, from Middle English re (“second degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian re in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin resonāre (“made to resound”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

#### Alternative forms

* ray

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹeɪ/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɪ

#### Noun

re (uncountable)
* (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the second note of a major scale.

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From re-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹiː/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)

#### Noun

re (plural res)
* (video games, slang) Clipping of rematch.
    gg [good game], no re
* (marketing, branding) Clipping of reinsurance. (used in the branding of reinsurance company names)

### Anagrams

* 'er, -'er, -er, E-R, E. R., E.R., ER, er, er.

## Ainu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾe̞]

### Numeral

re (Kana spelling レ)
* three

## Albanian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Albanian *rina, a noun derived from the Proto-Indo-European verb *h₃rinéHti whence Albanian rij (“to make humid”), from the root *h₃reyH- (“move, flow, boil”). It is likely morphologically identical with Illyrian ῥινός (rhinós, “mist”). Further related to Sanskrit रिणाति (riṇā́ti, “to make flow, to release, to pour”) and Proto-Slavic *rinǫti (“push, shove”).

#### Alternative forms

* rê, rêj, rêu, rênj, rên — Gheg
* ren — Old Albanian, Tosk, Cham, Arbëresh, Arvanitika

#### Noun

ré f (plural ré, definite réja, definite plural rétë)
* cloud
    qiell pa re ― cloudless sky
* (less literally)
    re tymi ― plume of smoke
    re pluhuri ― cloud of dust
    një re mushkonjash ― a swarm of mosquitos
    një re zogjsh ― a flock of birds
* (figurative) cloud, gloom, bad luck (clarification of this definition is needed)

##### Related terms

* ren f
* rend
* rij, ritë
* vranësi
* vrenjt
* vrenjtur
* vrëndë

#### References

* ↑ Katičić, Radoslav (1976) Ancient Languages of the Balkans, page 171
* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “re ~ rê”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 366

#### Further reading

* “re”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Albanian *raida, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey- (“reason, count”). Cognate with Latin rātiō (“reason, judgment”), Old Norse ráða, English read.

#### Noun

re f (plural re, definite reja)
* attention, care, consideration

##### Related terms

* vë
* vërej
* vërejtje
* vrojtim m

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɾe/

#### Adjective

re f sg
* feminine of ri (“young, new”)
    një vajzë e re ― a young girl
    Djata e re ― The New Testament

#### Noun

re f (plural reja, definite reja)
* young girl
    Synonyms: vajzë, voce
* daughter-in-law
    Synonym: nuse

### Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

re
* second-person singular simple perfect indicative of bie

## Asturian
### Noun

re m (plural res)
* Alternative form of rei
* (music) re, ray

## Breton
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁeː/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸro- (compare Welsh rhy, Irish ró-).

#### Adverb

re
* too much

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

re
* those

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

re m (plural reo)
* pair (of shoes, eyes, etc.)
* couple

## Catalan
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin rēm (“thing, accusative”), res coming from the nominative. Compare French rien.

#### Alternative forms

* ren (archaic)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈrɛ]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈre]

#### Pronoun

re
* (colloquial) Alternative form of res

### Etymology 2

Compare English re.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈre]

#### Noun

re m (plural res)
* (music) re (second note of diatonic scale)

## Chuukese
### Pronoun

re
* they
    Synonym: ra
* they are
    Synonym: ra
* Of a nationality or place; -ish.

## Classical Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish ri, fri, from Old Irish fri, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).

### Preposition

re (with dative, triggers h-prothesis)
* to, toward
* against

#### Inflection

* First-person singular: riom, rum
* Second-person singular: riot, rut
* Third-person singular masculine: ris
* Third-person singular feminine: ria
* First-person plural: rinn, ruinn
* Second-person plural: ribh, ruibh
* Third-person plural: riú, rú
* Before the definite article: ris
* Combined with a third-person possessive determiner: ria

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fri”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Further reading

* Damian McManus (1994) “An Nua-Ghaeilge Chlasaiceach”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, section 10.4, page 436

## Czech
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

re n (indeclinable)
* (card games) double raise (multiplies the current stake by 4)

### Noun

re n (indeclinable)
* (music) re

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /reː/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

re f (plural re's, diminutive re'tje n)
* (Netherlands, music) re (second note of a major scale)
* (Belgium, music) d (tone)

### Anagrams

* er

## Eastern Arrernte
### Pronoun

re
* he (third person singular masculine pronoun)

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin rēx, rēgem. Compare Italian re.

### Noun

re m (plural rês)
* king

#### Related terms

* reâl
* reìne

## Galician
### Noun

re m (plural res)
* (music) re (musical note)
* (music) D (the musical note or key)

#### See also

* dó
* fa
* la
* mi
* re
* si
* sol

## Ido
### Etymology

From r +‎ -e.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /re/, /ɾɛ/

### Noun

re (plural re-i)
* The name of the Latin script letter R/r.

#### See also

* Latin script letter names: literi: a · be · ce · che · de · e · fe · ge · he · i · je · ke · le · me · ne · o · pe · que · re · se · she · te · u · ve · we · xe · ye · ze

## Interlingua
### Preposition

re
* about

## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Classical Gaelic re, from Middle Irish ri, fri, from Old Irish fri, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).
Conflated with le (“with”) in the modern language.

#### Preposition

re (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article ris) (obsolete)
* to, toward
* against

##### Inflection

* ris (before the definite article)
* ria (combined with a third-person possessive determiner)

##### Synonyms

* (to, toward): chuig chun
* (against): in aghaidh, in éadan, i gcoinne

##### Derived terms

* mar aon re
* maill re

#### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “re”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Damian McManus (1994) “An Nua-Ghaeilge Chlasaiceach”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, section 10.4, page 436

### Etymology 2

Reduced form of eile (“other”).

#### Alternative forms

* ’re (obsolete)

#### Particle

re
* Only used in gach re

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fri”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Italian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin rēx, via the nominative singular, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”). Doublet of rege, which was borrowed from Latin via the accusative rēgem.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈre/$^*$, /ˈre/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -e
* Hyphenation: ré

#### Noun

re m (invariable, feminine regina)
* king (male monarch)
    Synonyms: (obsolete, poetic) rege, sovrano
    Hypernyms: monarca, regnante
* (chess, card games) king
* (figurative) king, magnate (man who excels in something)
    Synonyms: campione, principe, signore

##### Descendants

* → Maltese: re

##### See also

* re di cuori
* re di fiori
* re di picche
* re di quadri

##### See also

Chess pieces in Italian · pezzi degli scacchi (layout · text) :
| re | regina, donna | torre | alfiere | cavallo | pedone |
Playing cards in Italian · carte da gioco (layout · text) :
| asso | due | tre | quattro | cinque | sei | sette |
| otto | nove | dieci | fante | donna, regina | re | jolly, joker, matta |

### Etymology 2

From Latin resonāre (“to resound”), from the first word of the second line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn on which solfège was based, because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɛ/, /ˈrɛ/$^*$
* Rhymes: -ɛ
* Hyphenation: rè

#### Noun

re m (invariable)
* re (musical note)
* D (musical note or key)

### Further reading

* re in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Japanese
### Romanization

re
* The hiragana syllable れ (re) or the katakana syllable レ (re) in Hepburn romanization.

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈreː/, [ˈreː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈre/, [ˈrɛː]

### Noun

rē f
* ablative singular of rēs
* in reality, in fact, on practice (often strengthened by vērā, ipsā)

#### Derived terms

* rē ipsā
* rē vērā, rēvērā
* reāpse

### Further reading

* "re", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "re", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* re in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Latvian
### Etymology 1

Through 17th century Italian. The first syllable of Latin resonāre (“to resound”), the first word of the second line of the medieval hymn Ut queant laxis, from which the solfège syllables were taken because its successive lines started each on the next note of the scale.

#### Noun

re m (invariable)
* (music) re, D (second note in the major scale)

### Etymology 2

Unclear.

#### Interjection

re
* look! see? (used to draw the listener's attention to something visible)
    re, tās ir mājas, kur piedzimu ― look, that is the house where I was born
    re, kā ceriņi saglaudušies ap mājām un žogiem ― look how the lilacs have become smooth around the houses and fences
    re, cik klusu un nemanot mana māmuļa sirmo ― look how quietly, without being noticed, my mom became older (literally, “grayer)”)
* look, here is..., you see (used to draw the listener's attention to, or to emphasize, something said or written)
    malkas virtuvē nav; tad re, kāpēc māte vakar nekurināja ― there is no wood in the kitchen; here is why mother did not start the heating yesterday
    re, Mārtiņ, kā iet mūsu dzīvīte ― see, Martin, how our little life is going?...
    bet strazds, re, dzied par Ēģipti pie būra tavā priedē ― but the sterling, see, he is singing about Egypt at the cage in your pine tree

##### Synonyms

* āre
* lūk

## Ligurian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin rēx, via the nominative singular. Compare Italian re.

### Noun

re m (please provide plural)
* king (type of monarch who rules a kingdom)

## Maltese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sicilian re and/or Italian re, from Latin rēx.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛː/

### Noun

re m (plural rejiet, feminine reġina)
* king
    Synonym: (see there for notes) sultan
* (chess) king

#### Related terms

* renju

### See also

Chess pieces in Maltese · bċejjeċ taċ-ċess (layout · text) :
| re | reġina | torri | isqof | żiemel | pjun, pedina, petun |

## Mandarin
### Romanization

re
* Nonstandard spelling of ré.
* Nonstandard spelling of rě.
* Nonstandard spelling of rè.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Manx
### Alternative forms

* nee

### Particle

re
* dependent form (after dy, nagh) of she
    Heill mee dy re Manninagh oo. ― I thought you were a Manxman.
    Ta mee credjal dy re ayns y gharey hooar ad eh. ― I think it was in the garden that they found it.

## Northern Kurdish
### Postposition

re
* a postposed element of several circumpositions

#### Derived terms

* bi ... re
* di ... re
* ji ... re

## Northern Sotho
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tɪ̀ (“say, quote”).

### Verb

re
* to say

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse reiða. Doublet of rede.

#### Alternative forms

* reie

#### Verb

re (present tense rer, past tense redde, past participle redd)
* to prepare; make (a bed)

### Etymology 2

From Italian.

#### Noun

re m (definite singular re-en, indefinite plural re-er, definite plural re-ene)
* re, the second syllable in the scale of solfège

### References

* “re” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* er

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Through 17th century Italian. The first syllable of Latin resonāre (“to resound”), the first word of the second line of the medieval hymn Ut queant laxis, from which the solfège syllables were taken because its successive lines started each on the next note of the scale.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈreː/
* Rhymes: -eː

### Noun

re m (definite singular re-en, indefinite plural re-ar, definite plural re-ane)
* (music) re a syllable used in solfège to represent the second note of a major scale.

### References

* “re” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* er

## Old Irish
### Preposition

re
* Alternative spelling of ré (“before”)

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀭𑁂 (Brahmi script)
* रे (Devanagari script)
* রে (Bengali script)
* රෙ (Sinhalese script)
* ရေ (Burmese script)
* เร (Thai script)
* ᩁᩮ (Tai Tham script)
* ເຣ (Lao script)
* រេ (Khmer script)
* 𑄢𑄬 (Chakma script)

### Noun

re
* locative singular of ra (“the Pali letter 'r'”)

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

Compare German einer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rə/

### Article

re
* dative feminine singular of en: a, an

#### Declension
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French ré or Italian re.

### Noun

re m (plural re)
* re (musical note)

#### Declension
## Sardinian
### Noun

re m (plural res)
* king
    Coordinate term: reina
* (chess) king

#### See also

Chess pieces in Sardinian · petzos de is iscacos (layout · text) :
| re | reina | turre | alfiere | caddu | peone |

### Further reading

* “re” in Ditzionàriu in línia de sa limba e de sa cultura sarda (2016). Searchable in multiple languages at ditzionariu.sardegnacultura.it

## Serui-Laut
### Noun

re
* eye

## Sotho
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tɪ̀ (“say, quote”).

### Verb

re
* to say

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈre/ [ˈre]
* Rhymes: -e
* Syllabification: re

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

re m (plural res)
* (music) re

### Etymology 2

Originally a prefix, re-.

#### Adverb

re
* (chiefly Argentina, somewhat informal) very
    Synonym: muy
    es re tarde ― it's very late

### Further reading

* “re”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Verb

re (present rer, preterite redde, supine rett, imperative red)
* Variation of reda

## Turkish
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

re
* The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze

### Etymology 2

From Arabic رَاء (rāʔ).

#### Noun

re
* Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ر

## Venetan
### Alternative forms

* rè (obsolete)

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin rēx, via the nominative singular, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”). Doublet of rege, which was borrowed from Latin via the accusative rēgem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɛ/

### Noun

re m (plural re)
* king
    El re el goerna co saviesa.The king rules with wisdom.

## Wandamen
### Noun

re
* eye

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾè/

#### Verb

rè
* (intransitive) to go
    Synonyms: lọ, yú
    Àwòdì t'ó ń re Ìbarà, ẹ̀fúùfùú ta a nídìí pá; ó ní 'iṣẹ́ kúkú yá'The hawk which is going to Ibara, the wind pushes it suddenly, it responds quickly that that is the next best thing (proverb on expediency)

##### Usage notes

* re when followed by direct object.

##### Derived terms

* relé
* rírè
* àrè
* ìrè

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾè/

#### Verb

rè
* (intransitive, Ekiti) to be
    Synonym: jẹ́
    Ọmọ mẹ́tàdínlógún ní mo rè ― I am seventeen years old

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾé/

#### Verb

ré
* (intransitive, Ijebu) to be
    Synonym: jẹ́
    Ìjẹ̀bú "ré" m wa ― I am Ijebu.
    Ọmọ Ìjẹ̀bú "ré" iye mi ― My mother is Ijebu.

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾè/

#### Verb

rè
* (transitive or intransitive or ergative) to roast
    Synonym: wì

##### Usage notes

* re when followed by direct object.

##### Derived terms

* arè
* rè níná
* rírè
* ìrè

### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾè/

#### Verb

rè
* (transitive) to nurse, to give specific attention to something or someone
    Synonym: tọ́jú

##### Usage notes

* re when followed by direct object.

##### Derived terms

* arè
* remú
* rè lójú
* rè nímú
* rírè
* ìrè

### Etymology 6
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾé/

#### Verb

ré
* (transitive) to soak, to become swollen (usually in reference to the skin)
    Synonyms: wú, só
    ara ọmọ náàá ré lọ́wọ́ọ nínà ― The child's body became swollen from the beating

##### Derived terms

* aré
* rírè
* ìré

### Etymology 7
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾé/

#### Verb

ré
* (transitive) to exceed (in degree or dimension), to pass, to go across a mark

##### Derived terms

* aré
* ré kọjá
* réhán
* réwọ́
* ríré
* ìré

### Etymology 8
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾé/

#### Verb

ré
* (transitive) to skim the top of a liquid
* To alter something, to cause something to be transferred or removed via supernatural or authoritative means
    Ifá ré ikú lórí awo ― Ifa removed(premature) death from the head of the Ifa priest

##### Derived terms

* aré
* ré lórí
* ríré
* ìré

### Etymology 9
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾé/

#### Verb

ré
* (transitive) to put a curse or spell on someone

##### Usage notes

* Always preceded by gbé

##### Derived terms

* aré
* ríré
* ìré

### Etymology 10
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɾé/

#### Verb

ré
* (intransitive) to trigger, to undergo a hit
    Pàkúté ré ― The trap triggered off
* (medicine) to dislocate, to suffer from a dislocated body part
    Synonyms: wọ́n, hán
    Ẹ̀yìn aboyún ré ― The pregnant woman dislocated her back

##### Derived terms

* aré
* ríré
* ìré

### Etymology 11

From re used in solfège to represent the second note of a major scale.

#### Alternative forms

* (abbreviated): R, r

#### Noun

re
* The syllable used to represent the mid-tone

##### See also

* dò
* mí