# 僅

| 僅 | U+50C5, &#20677; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50C5 |
| ← 僄 [U+50C4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 僆 → [U+50C6] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese, the official version of the character is written ⿰亻堇 (the component on the right, 堇 is not simplified to 𦰌). However, handwritten form of ⿰亻𦰌 is allowed.

### Han character

僅 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人廿中一 (OTLM), four-corner 2421$_4$, composition ⿰亻堇 or ⿰亻𦰌)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 115, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1048
* Dae Jaweon: page 246, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 208, character 2
* Unihan data for U+50C5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 僅
* Small seal scripts05795Transcribed ancient scriptsL31353
* References:
* Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:
* Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
* Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
* Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
* Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
| | Old Chinese |
| 囏 | *krɯːn |
| 螼 | *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns |
| 堇 | *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ |
| 墐 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns |
| 𥎊 | *ɡrɯn |
| 僅 | *ɡrɯns |
| 瑾 | *ɡrɯns |
| 覲 | *ɡrɯns |
| 殣 | *ɡrɯns |
| 饉 | *ɡrɯns |
| 廑 | *ɡrɯns |
| 瘽 | *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ |
| 歏 | *ɡrɯns |
| 鄞 | *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn |
| 謹 | *kɯnʔ |
| 槿 | *kɯnʔ |
| 漌 | *kɯnʔ |
| 慬 | *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn |
| 勤 | *ɡɯn |
| 懃 | *ɡɯn |
| 懄 | *ɡɯn |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡrɯns): semantic 人 + phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jǐn (jin$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gan$^2$ / gan$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiún
    (Hailu, HRS): giun$^ˊ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gê̤ṳng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kín / kīn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): geng$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^3$
*** Yale: jǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^2$ / gan$^6$
*** Yale: gán / gahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^2$ / gan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^2$ / gen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn³⁵/, /kɐn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiún
*** Hakka Romanization System: giun$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯un³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: giun$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kiun²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gê̤ṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /køyŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ging$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gīng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín / kīn
*** Tâi-lô: kín / kīn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kien, kin
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kin⁵³/, /kin²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kin⁵⁵⁴/, /kin⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³/, /kin²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kin⁵³/, /kin³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹/, /kin³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: geng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɯŋ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: ginH
Rime :
| Character | 僅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (44) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠遴切 |
| Baxter | ginH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡien$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡǐĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 僅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jìn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gin$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/ |
| English | barely |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 僅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6734 |
| Phonetic component | 堇 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 僅 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrɯns/ |

#### Definitions

僅
* only; merely
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 不僅 / 不仅 (bùjǐn)
* 僅以身免 / 仅以身免
* 僅僅 / 仅仅 (jǐnjǐn)
* 僅只 / 仅只
* 僅可 / 仅可
* 僅夠 / 仅够
* 僅容旋馬 / 仅容旋马
* 僅有 / 仅有 (jǐnyǒu)
* 功僅補過 / 功仅补过
* 碩果僅存 / 硕果仅存 (shuòguǒjǐncún)
* 絕無僅有 / 绝无仅有 (juéwújǐnyǒu)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìn, jǐn
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ, ㄐㄧㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gan$^2$ / gan$^6$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): geng$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$
*** Yale: jìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^3$
*** Yale: jǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
*** Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gan$^2$ / gan$^6$
*** Yale: gán / gahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gan$^2$ / gan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gen$^2$ / gen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐn³⁵/, /kɐn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: geng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɯŋ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: ginH
Rime :
| Character | 僅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (44) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠遴切 |
| Baxter | ginH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡien$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡǐĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 僅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jìn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gin$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/ |
| English | barely |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 僅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6734 |
| Phonetic component | 堇 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 僅 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrɯns/ |

#### Definitions

僅
* (literary) nearly; almost

### References

* “僅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| 僅󠄂 僅+&#xE0102; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | Shinjitai (extended) |
| Kyūjitai | 僅 |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* merely, small quantity

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
* Kun: わずか (wazuka, 僅か, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 僅差(きんさ) (kinsa): narrow margin, slim majority
* 僅少(きんしょう) (kinshō): scarce, insignificant
* 僅僅(きんきん) (kinkin)/ 僅々(きんきん) (kinkin): merely

## Korean
### Hanja

僅 (eumhun 겨우 근 (gyeou geun))
* hanja form of 근 (“only, merely, solely, just”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

僅: Hán Nôm readings: cẩn, cận, cấn, cẫn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.