# flesh
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English flesh, flesch, flæsch, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /flɛʃ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛʃ

### Noun

flesh (usually uncountable, plural fleshes)
* The soft tissue of the body, especially muscle and fat.
** 1918, Fannie Farmer, Boston Cooking-School Cook Book, Chapter XVII: Poultry and Game:
    The flesh of chicken, fowl, and turkey has much shorter fibre than that of ruminating animals, and is not intermingled with fat,—the fat always being found in layers directly under the skin, and surrounding the intestines.
* The skin of a human or animal.
* (by extension) Bare arms, bare legs, bare torso.
* Animal tissue regarded as food; meat (but sometimes excluding fish).
** 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “ij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XV:Thenne syr launcelot sayd / fader what shalle I do / Now sayd the good man / I requyre yow take this hayre that was this holy mans and putte it nexte thy skynne / and it shalle preuaylle the gretely / syr and I wille doo hit sayd sir launcelot / Also I charge you that ye ete no flesshe as longe as ye be in the quest of the sancgreal / nor ye shalle drynke noo wyne / and that ye here masse dayly and ye may doo hit(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1530 January 27 (Gregorian calendar), W[illiam] T[yndale], transl., [The Pentateuch] (Tyndale Bible), Malborow [Marburg], Hesse: […] Hans Luft [actually Antwerp: Johan Hoochstraten], →OCLC, Leuiticus vij:[19–21], folio XI, verso:The fleſh that twycheth any vnclene thinge ſhall not be eaten. but burnt with fire: and all that be clene in their fleſh, maye eate fleſh. Yf any ſoule eate of the fleſh of the peaceofferynges, that pertayne vnto the Lorde and hys vnclenneſſe yet apon him, the ſame ſoule ſhall periſſhe from amonge his peoole. Moreouer yf a ſoule twych any vnclene thinge, whether it be the vnclenneſſe of man or of any vnclene beeſt or any abhominacion that is vnclene: ãd thẽ eate of the fleſh of the peaceoffrynges whiche pertayne vnto the Lord, that ſoule ſhall periſſh from his people.
** 2018 May 8, Raj Patel, Jason W Moore, “How the chicken nugget became the true symbol of our era”, in The Guardian:Chicken is already the most popular meat in the US, and is projected to be the planet’s favourite flesh by 2020.
* The human body as a physical entity.
** 1530 January 27 (Gregorian calendar), W[illiam] T[yndale], transl., [The Pentateuch] (Tyndale Bible), Malborow [Marburg], Hesse: […] Hans Luft [actually Antwerp: Johan Hoochstraten], →OCLC, Leuiticus vj:[10], folio IX, recto:And the preaſt ſhall put on his lynen albe and his lynen breches apon his fleſh, and take awaye the aſſhes whiche the fire of the burntſacrifice in the altare hath made, and put them beſyde the alter, […]
* (religion) The mortal body of a human being, contrasted with the spirit or soul.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Peter 1:24:For all flesh is as grasse, and all the glory of man as the flowre of grasse: the grasse withereth, and the flowre thereof falleth away.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Galatians 5:17:For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that yee cannot doe the things that yee would.
** 1929 January, Bassett Morgan (Grace Jones), Bimini, first published in Weird Tales, reprinted 1949, in Avon Fantasy Reader, Issue 10,
    But death had no gift for me, no power to free me from flesh.
* (religion) The evil and corrupting principle working in man.
* The soft, often edible, parts of fruits or vegetables.
** 2003, Diana Beresford-Kroeger, Arboretum America: A Philosophy of the Forest, page 81:The flesh of black walnuts was a protein-packed winter food carefully hoarded in tall, stilted buildings.
* (obsolete) Tenderness of feeling; gentleness.
** 1782–1785, William Cowper, “(please specify the page)”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC:There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart.
* (obsolete) Kindred; stock; race.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 37:27:He is our brother and our flesh.
* A yellowish pink color; the color of some Caucasian human skin.
** 2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 243:She opened [...] a third that was the peachy white that crayon companies used to call “flesh”.
    flesh:

#### Synonyms

* See also Thesaurus:body

#### Translations

Akan: ɛnam, nam
Albanian: mish (sq) m, tul (sq) m
Arabic: لَحْم m (laḥm)
Egyptian Arabic: لحم m (laḥm)
Armenian: միս (hy) (mis)
Belarusian: мяса (be) n (mjasa), це́ла (be) n (cjéla)
Bikol Central: unod
Bulgarian: месо (bg) n (meso)
Catalan: carn (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 肉 (zh) (ròu)
Czech: maso (cs) n
Danish: kød (da) n
Dutch: vlees (nl) n
Egyptian: (jwf)
Esperanto: karno
Estonian: liha (et)
Faroese: kjøt (fo) n
Finnish: liha (fi)
French: chair (fr)
Galician: carne (gl) f
German: Fleisch (de) n
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌼𐌼𐍉 f (mammō)
Greek: σάρκα (el) f (sárka)
Ancient: σάρξ f (sárx)
Hawaiian: ʻiʻo
Hebrew: בָּשָׂר (he) m (basár)
Hindi: लहम (hi) m (laham), क्रव्य (hi) m (kravya), मांस (hi) m (māns)
Hungarian: hús (hu)
Icelandic: hold (is) n
Ido: karno (io)
Indonesian: daging (id)
Iranun: sapu'
Irish: feoil (ga) f
Italian: carne (it) f
Japanese: 肉 (ja) (にく, niku), 身 (ja) (み, mi)
Kaurna: itya
Khmer: សាច់ (km) (sac), មំសៈ (km) (mĕəngsaʼ)
Korean: 살 (ko) (sal), 고기 (ko) (gogi)
Lao: ຊີ້ນ (lo) (sīn), ມັງສະ (mang sa)
Latgalian: mīsa f
Latin: carō (la) f
Latvian: miesa (lv) f, ķermenis (lv) m
Lutuv: saa
Lithuanian: kūnas (lt)
Low German: Fleesch n
Macedonian: месо (mk) n (meso)
Malayalam: മാംസം (ml) (māṁsaṁ)
Manchu: ᠶᠠᠯᡳ (yali)
Maori: kiko, uaua, tōrōpuku
Navajo: atsįʼ
Odia: ମାଂସ (or) (māṁsa)
Persian: گوشت (fa) (gušt)
Piedmontese: carn f
Plautdietsch: Fleesch n
Polish: ciało (pl) n, mięso (pl) n
Portuguese: carne (pt) f
Romanian: carne (ro) f
Russian: мягкая ткань f (mjaxkaja tkanʹ), плоть (ru) f (plotʹ) (poetic), мясо (ru) n (mjaso) (colloquial), те́ло (ru) m (télo)
Sanskrit: क्रव्य (sa) n (kravya)
Scottish Gaelic: feòil f
Slovene: meso (sl) n
Spanish: carne (es) f
Sranan Tongo: meti
Swahili: chembechembe (sw)
Swedish: kött (sv) n
Tajik: гӯшт (tg) (güšt)
Tarifit: aysum m, aksum m
Telugu: కండ (te) (kaṇḍa)
Thai: เนื้อ (th) (nʉ́ʉa)
Tibetan: ཤ་ (sha)
Tigrinya: ስጋ (ti) (səga)
Tok Pisin: mit
Udmurt: сӥль (siľ)
Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎛𐎗 (šỉr)
Ukrainian: м'я́со (uk) n (mʺjáso), плоть f (plotʹ), ті́ло n (tílo)
Volapük: mid (vo)
Walloon: tchå (wa) f
Welsh: cnawd (cy)
White Hmong: nqaij
Yurok: tewon
Zulu: inyama (zu) class 9/10 :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

flesh (third-person singular simple present fleshes, present participle fleshing, simple past and past participle fleshed)
* (transitive) To reward (a hound, bird of prey etc.) with flesh of the animal killed, to excite it for further hunting; to train (an animal) to have an appetite for flesh.
** 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:Before they had fleshed the hounds, however, he recollected himself […] .
* (transitive) To bury (something, especially a weapon) in flesh.
** 1933, Robert E. Howard, The Scarlet Citadel:Give me a clean sword and a clean foe to flesh it in.
* (obsolete) To inure or habituate someone in or to a given practice. [16th–18th c.]
** 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 7, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:And whosoever could now joyne us together, and eagerly flesh all our people to a common enterprise, we should make our ancient military name and chivalrous credit to flourish againe.
* (transitive) To glut.
* (transitive) To put flesh on; to fatten.
* To remove the flesh from the skin during the making of leather.

#### Translations
### Derived terms

* arm of flesh
* become one flesh
* breastflesh
* calfflesh
* cockflesh
* cowflesh
* deerflesh
* deflesh
* dickflesh
* disflesh
* enflesh
* exchange flesh
* flesh and blood
* flesh and bone
* flesh and bones
* fleshbag
* flesh broth
* flesh brush
* flesh-colored
* flesh-crawling
* flesh-eating
* flesh-eating disease
* fleshen
* flesher
* fleshfest
* flesh fly
* fleshfly
* flesh glue
* fleshhood
* fleshhook
* fleshie
* fleshify
* fleshing
* fleshless
* fleshlight
* fleshlike
* fleshling
* fleshloaf
* flesh loaf
* fleshly
* fleshmeat
* fleshmeet
* fleshment
* fleshmonger
* flesh one's maiden sword
* flesh on the bones
* flesh out
* fleshpot
* fleshquake
* flesh side
* flesh tunnel
* flesh-wing
* fleshworm
* flesh wound
* fleshy
* fruitflesh
* goatflesh
* goose flesh
* go the way of all flesh
* horseflesh
* human-flesh search
* human flesh search engine
* inflesh
* in the flesh
* make fish of one and flesh of another
* make someone's flesh crawl
* make someone's flesh creep
* neither fish nor flesh
* one flesh
* oxflesh
* pleasures of the flesh
* pound of flesh
* press flesh
* press the flesh
* proud flesh
* sack of flesh
* sheepflesh
* swine-flesh
* swine flesh
* swineflesh
* the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
* thorn in the flesh
* unflesh
* way of all flesh
* what's bred in the bone will come out in the flesh
* womanflesh
* woodflesh

### See also

* carrion
* incarnate
* sarcoid
* Appendix:Colors

### Anagrams

* Fehls, shelf

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* flech, fleesh, fleisch, fleische, fleish, flesch, flesche, fless, flessh
* flæsc, flæsch, flæsh (Early Middle English)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /flɛːʃ/, /flɛʃ/

### Noun

flesh (uncountable)
* flesh (especially that of a mammal)
* (Christianity, theology) A communion wafer
* (anatomy) A muscle
* meat, flesh for consumption
* A human or being
* The body, physical existence, nature (especially that of a human)
* sexual intercourse, copulation

#### Usage notes

Much like with English fish, this word is a collective noun, but can be pluralised to refer to different meats.

#### Descendants

* English: flesh
* Scots: flesch
* Yola: vleash, vlesh

#### References

* “flē̆sh, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-08.