# claudo
## Latin
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *klaudō, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-de-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Old High German sliozan (“to close, conclude, lock”), Old Saxon slūtan (“to close, conclude, lock”).

#### Alternative forms

* clūdō

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈklau̯.doː/, [ˈkɫ̪äu̯d̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈklau̯.do/, [ˈkläːu̯d̪o]

#### Verb

claudō (present infinitive claudere, perfect active clausī, supine clausum); third conjugation
* to shut up, close, lock
    Synonyms: retineō, intersaepiō, interclūdō, inclūdō, operiō, premō, obserō
    Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō, patefaciō
    Ōra formīdō mūta claudit.The fear closes the mouths mute.
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.232–233:“quid Trōēs potuēre, quibus, tot fūnera passīs, cūnctus ob Ītaliam terrārum clauditur orbis?”“What have the Trojans done, for whom, having suffered so many losses, the whole circle of the lands has been closed. [And all] for the sake of Italy.” (Venus, speaking to Jupiter, laments the plight of the Trojans as they wander the Mediterranean shores.)
* to imprison, confine
    Synonyms: comprehendo, retineo, intersaepio, includo, intercludo, arceo, impedio, urgeō, coerceō, prohibeo
* to encompass, surround
    Synonyms: complector, amplector, stīpō, circumdō, circumveniō
* to besiege, blockade
    Synonyms: circumveniō, circumeō, circumsistō, circumdō, obsideō, assideō, circumsaepiō, saepiō, obstruō
* to limit, restrict
    Synonyms: delīmitō, līmitō, inclūdō, fīniō, coerceō, minuō, moderor
* to terminate, finish, complete
    Synonyms: perficiō, dēfungor, cōnficiō, agō, cumulō, absolvō, nāvō, perpetrō, inclūdō, expleō, fungor, efficiō, patrō, conclūdō, condō, peragō, trānsigō, exsequor, gerō, impleō, exhauriō

##### Derived terms

* circumclūdō
* clausula
* clausum
* clausus
* conclūdō
* disclūdō
* exclūdō
* inclūdō
* interclūdō
* occlūdō
* praeclūdō
* reclūdō
* seclūdō

##### Related terms

* claustellum
* claustra
* claustrārius
* claustrum
* clausūra
* clāvis
* clāvus

##### Descendants

* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: cloure
** Franco-Provençal: cllôre
** Old French: clore (see there for further descendants)
** Occitan: claure
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: choir, choyr
*** Galician: choer
*** Portuguese: chouvir (obsolete)
* Insular Romance:
** Old Sardinian: klaudere
Reflexes of the variant clūdere:
* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: cljid
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: chiudere
** Neapolitan: chiudere
** Sicilian: chiùdiri, chiùjiri, jùjiri
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: cludi
** Romansch: clugir
* Gallo-Romance:
** Old Occitan: cluire

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

claudō (present infinitive claudere, supine clausum); third conjugation, no perfect stem
* Alternative form of claudeō (“limp”)

##### Conjugation
#### Adjective

claudō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of claudus

### References

* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. (ambiguous) to turn a deaf ear to, to open one's ears to..: aures claudere, patefacere (e.g. veritati, assentatoribus) (ambiguous) to open, shut the door: ostium, fores aperire, claudere (ambiguous) to bring up the rear: agmen claudere, cogere (ambiguous) to besiege a city: oppidum obsidione claudere
* “claudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “claudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* claudo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
* claudo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “claudĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 750