# ظهر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðˤa.ha.ra/
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

ظَهَرَ • (ẓahara) I (non-past يَظْهَرُ (yaẓharu), verbal noun ظُهُور (ẓuhūr))
* to be outward, to be external, on the surface
* to be visible, to become visible, to be manifest, to become manifest
* to be perceptible, to become perceptible, to be obvious, to become obvious
* to be clear, to become clear, to be evident, to become evident
* to come to light, to appear, to emerge
* to seem
* to come out, to be published
* to arise, to result
* (transitive) to climb, to mount, to ascend

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðˤah.ha.ra/

#### Verb

ظَهَّرَ • (ẓahhara) II (non-past يُظَهِّرُ (yuẓahhiru), verbal noun تَظْهِير (taẓhīr))
* to endorse

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðˤahr/

#### Noun

ظَهْر • (ẓahr) m (plural ظُهُور (ẓuhūr) or أَظْهُر (ʔaẓhur))
* back, rear, reverse
* deck, surface, top
* (anatomy) back
* cast iron

##### Declension
### Etymology 4

Cognate to Hebrew צהריים \ צָהֳרַיִם (tsohoráyim) and צוהר \ צֹהַר (tsóhar), and Aramaic טהרא (ṭahrā).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðˤuhr/

#### Noun

ظُهْر • (ẓuhr) m (plural أَظْهَار (ʔaẓhār))
* noon, midday
* (Islam) midday prayer
* afternoon, p.m.

##### Descendants

* Hijazi Arabic: ظُهُر (ḍuhur)
* South Levantine Arabic: ضُهُر (ḍuhur)
* → English: dhuhr
* → Javanese: ꦭꦸꦲꦸꦂ (luhur)
* → Malay: zuhur, zohor, lohor
** Indonesian: zuhur
* → Persian: ظهر (zohr)
* → Swahili: adhuhuri

#### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “ظهر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤu.hur/, /ðˤu.hur/

#### Noun

ظهر • (ḍuhur) m (construct state ظُهْر (ḍuhr), plural أظهار (ʔaḍhār))
* noon, midday

##### Derived terms

* الظُّهر (aḍ-ḍuhur, “midday prayer”)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic ظَهْر (ẓahr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤa.har/, /ðˤa.har/

#### Noun

ظهر • (ḍahar) m (construct state ظَهْر (ḍahr), plural ظُهُور (ḍuhūr))
* (anatomy) back (rear of the body)

## Malay
### Noun

ظهر
* Jawi spelling of zuhur and zohor‎.

## Persian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zuhɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zo̞ɦɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zo̞ɦɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zoːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zʊːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zoɦɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zɵhɾ]

#### Noun

ظهر • (zohr)
* noon, midday
    Synonym: نیمروز (nimruz)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic ظَهْر (ẓahr).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [zahɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zäɦɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [zäɦɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [zɑːɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [zɔːɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [zæɦɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [zäɦɾ]

#### Noun

ظهر • (zahr)
* (anatomy, obsolete) back
    Synonym: پشت (pošt)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Arabic ظَهَرَ (ẓahara).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /zˤa.har/, [ˈzˤɑ.hɑrˤ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

ظهر • (ẓahar) I (present بظهر (biẓhir))
* to appear, to seem
    Synonym: بيّن (bayyan)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤuhr/, [ˈdˤʊ.h(o)rˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

ظهر • (ḍuhr) m
* noon
    بعد الظهر ― baʕd iḍ-ḍuhr ― afternoon
* time, instance
    Synonym: مرّة (marra)

### Etymology 3

From Arabic ظَهْر (ẓahr).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dˤahr/, [ˈdˤɑ.h(ɪ)rˤ]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

ظهر • (ḍahr) m
* back (of the body)