# us
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”). The compensatory lengthening was lost in Middle English due to the word being unstressed when used. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uus (“us”), West Frisian us, ús (“us”), Low German uns, us (“us”), Dutch ons (“us”), German uns (“us”), Danish os (“us”), Latin nōs (“we, us”).

#### Pronunciation

* (stressed) enPR: ŭs, IPA: /ʌs/, /ʌz/, (Local Dublin) IPA: /ʊs/
* (unstressed) (US) IPA: /əs/, (UK) IPA: /əs/, /əz/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌs

#### Pronoun

us (personal pronoun; the objective case of we)
* Me and at least one other person, excluding the person(s) being addressed. (exclusive us.)
    Don't treat us like idiots.
* Me and at least one other person, including the person(s) being addressed. (inclusive us.)
    Let's ask him if he'll give us a lift.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 1:1:Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us...
* Used where "me" would be used instead of "I", e.g. for the pronoun in isolation or as the complement of the copula:
    Who's there? — Us. (or) — It's us.
    Who's going to go? — Us. We'll go.
* Any entity that the speaker is a part of or identifies with, such as place of employment or education, nation, region, language, etc.
    It's not true that the rest of Europe hates us.
    I went to watch my favourite team play Real Madrid, but they thrashed us 5-0.
* People in general.
    Grief ages us.
* (colloquial) The person(s) being addressed.
    Come on! Wakey wakey! Let's get us up and out of bed, please.
* (colloquial) Used to imply connection between the speaker's experiences or activities and a group of listeners.
    Hey guys, in this video I'll show you how I make my upside-down sponge cake. First let's get us a few ingredients that we'll need ...
* (Commonwealth, colloquial, chiefly with certain verbs such as give, get, fetch, etc.) Me.
    Give us a look at your paper.
    Fetch us a cold beer from the fridge, would you.
    She's turned the weans against us!
    (talking to oneself) Now then ... let me see ... I hope I'm doing this right ... if we just connect these two wires together ... if it gives us a shock then ... Ow!
* (Northumbria) Me (in all contexts).
    Look at us while you’re speaking to us.
    Could you do that for us?
* (Northern England) Our.
    We'll have to throw us food out.

##### Alternative forms

* -'s (contracted form, as in let's)
* uz, is, iz (Northumbria)

##### Derived terms

* after us the deluge
* all your base are belong to us
* and so say all of us
* bless us
* can you tell us
* come down to us
* God preserve us
* it happens to the best of us
* let us
* let us count the ways
* let us go
* my very educated mother just served us nachos
* my very educated mother just served us nine pizzas
* my very educated mother just served us nine pumpkins
* my very educated mother just served us noodles
* my very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas
* no longer with us
* nothing about us without us
* still with us
* tell us another
* tell us another one
* them-and-us
* the poor we will always have with us
* they hate us 'cause they ain't us
* till death do us part
* till death us do part
* us-and-them
* us-and-them-ism
* us selves
* usses
* us versus them
* with us

##### See also

* we
* our
* ours
Dialectal and obsolete or archaic forms are in italics.
personal pronounpossessive pronounpossessive determiner
subjective
objective
reflexive
first personsingular
I me (colloquial)memyself me mysenminemy mine (before vowels, archaic) me
plural
weusourselves ourself oursenoursour
second personsingular
standard (historically formal)
youyouyourself yoursenyours yourn (obsolete outside dialects)your
archaic (historically informal)
thoutheethyself theeself thysenthinethy thine (before vowels)
plural
standard
you ye (archaic)youyourselvesyours yourn (obsolete outside dialects)your
colloquial
you all y'all you guysyou all y'all you guysy'allselvesy'all's you guys' your guys' (proscribed)y'all's your all's (nonstandard) you guys' your guys' (proscribed)
informal / dialectal
(see list of dialectal forms at you and inflected forms in those entries)
third person
singular
masculine
hehimhimself hisself (archaic) hissenhis hisn (obsolete outside dialects)his
feminine
sheherherself hersenhers hern (obsolete outside dialects)her
neuter
it hitit hititself hitselfits his (archaic)its his (archaic) hits
genderless
theythemthemself, themselvestheirstheir
nonspecific (formal)
oneoneoneself–one's
plural
theythem hem, 'emthemselves theirsentheirs theirn (obsolete outside dialects)their :

#### Determiner

us
* Designates the speaker(s)/writer(s) as constituting or belonging to the stated category of people (objective case).
    It's not good enough for us teachers.
* (proscribed) Designates the speaker(s)/writer(s) as constituting or belonging to the stated category of people (subjective case).
** 1988 February 7, Mike Riegle, quoting John Royal, “Why Does GCN Have A Prisoner Project?”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 29, page 10:Us gays and lesbians in here got a reason to be bitching about the conditions.

##### See also

* we

### Etymology 2

Derived from the similarity between the letter u and the Greek letter µ.

#### Symbol

us
* Alternative spelling of µs: microsecond
** 2002, Peter Spasov, Microcontroller Technology, the 68HC11, page 489:;wait 500 us
** 2012, Peter Feiler, David Gluch, Model-Based Engineering with AADL:The standard units are ns (nanoseconds), us (microseconds), ms (milliseconds), sec (seconds), min (minutes), and hr (hours).
** 2014, Michael Corey, Jeff Szastak, Michael Webster, Virtualizing SQL Server with VMware: Doing IT Right, page 198:Because the flash devices are local to the server, the latencies can be microseconds (us) instead of milliseconds (ms) and eliminate some traffic that would normally have gone over the storage network.

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

us
* (rare) Alternative form of u's.

### Anagrams

* SU, Su

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin vōs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [us]
* Homophone: ús

### Pronoun

us (proclitic and contracted enclitic, enclitic vos)
* you (plural, direct or indirect object)
* Contraction of vos.

#### Usage notes

* us is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs.
    Si us plau. ― Please.
    Si no us importa. ― If you don't mind.
* -us is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with a vowel.
    Volia veure-us. ― I wanted to see you.

#### Declension

$^1$ Behaves grammatically as plural.   $^2$ Behaves grammatically as third person. $^3$ Only as object of a preposition.   $^4$ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

### Further reading

* “us” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
* “us”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “us” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Central Franconian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /us/, (stressed optionally) /uːs/

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German ūz, from Proto-Germanic *ūt.

#### Preposition

us (+ dative)
* (Ripuarian, parts of Moselle Franconian) out of, from
** 1936, Inscription on the Schwarze Katz well in Zell:He steiht ferm wie en Zeller us dem Hamm.He stands firm as a Zell man from the Hamm [i.e. the Moselle bow around Zell with its steeply sloped vineyards].

##### Usage notes

* Where it occurs in Moselle Franconian, it generally does so only in unstressed position while the stressed form is aus, ous.

##### Alternative forms

* uus, uss
* aus, ous (Moselle Franconian)

### Etymology 2

From Middle High German uns, from Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz. Loss of the nasal is due to a sporadic development (analogous to the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant-law, but later and not systematic); compare Luxembourgish eis, Limburgish ós.

#### Pronoun

us
* (most of Ripuarian, parts of Moselle Franconian) Dative/accusative first-person plural personal pronoun: us

##### Alternative forms

* uus, uss
* oos, os, oss (common variant)
* uns, ons (Kölsch, also younger byform in many other dialects)

## Fala
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

#### Alternative forms

* os (Mañegu)

#### Article

us m pl (singular u, feminine a, feminine plural as)
* (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Masculine plural definite article; the

#### Pronoun

us
* (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun; them

##### See also

Dialects:  $^L$ Lagarteiru   $^M$ Mañegu   $^V$ Valverdeñu

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* unhos (Mañegu)
* unhus (Valverdeñu)

#### Article

us m pl (singular un, feminine unha, feminine plural unhas)
* (Lagarteiru) Masculine singular indefinite article; some

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French us, from Latin ūsus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ys/, (less often) /y/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ys, -y
* Homophones: eusse, eussent, eusses (with /s/), eu, eue, eues, eus, eut, eût, u (without /s/), hue, huent, hues (without /s/, aspirated)

### Noun

us m pl (plural only)
* (plural only) mores; traditional practices or manners

#### Usage notes

* Now almost exclusively used in us et coutumes (“mores and customs”).

#### Related terms

* abus
* user, usage, usuel

### Further reading

* “us”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* su

## Gothic
### Romanization

us
* Romanization of 𐌿𐍃

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* ous, os, hus, usse, hous

### Etymology

From Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n-sme- (“us”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /us/, /uːs/

### Pronoun

us (nominative we)
* First-person plural accusative pronoun: us.
* (reflexive) ourselves.
* (reciprocal) each other.

#### Synonyms

* we

#### Descendants

* English: us
* Scots: us, hus
* Yola: ouse, ouz, uz

#### References

* “ū̆s, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 11 May 2018.

## Middle Low German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʊs/, /uːs/

### Pronoun

ûs or us
* (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of uns.
* (possessive) Alternative form of uns.

#### Declension

Possessive pronoun:
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period.

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French uis, from Latin ostium.

### Noun

us m (plural us)
* door

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *uns, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s, *nes. Cognates include Old Frisian ūs (West Frisian ús), Old Saxon ūs (Low German os, ons), Dutch ons, Old High German uns (German uns), Old Norse oss (Swedish oss), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃 (uns). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin nos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /uːs/

### Pronoun

ūs
* accusative/dative of wē: (to) us

#### Descendants

* Middle English: us, ous, os, hus, usse, hous
** English: us
** Scots: us, hus
** Yola: ouse, ouz, uz

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin ūsus.

### Noun

us oblique singular, m (oblique plural us, nominative singular us, nominative plural us)
* tradition or custom

#### Descendants

* French: us

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz. Cognates include Old English ūs, Old Saxon ūs and Old Dutch uns.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈuːs/

### Pronoun

ūs
* accusative/dative of wī

#### Descendants

* North Frisian:
    Most dialects: üs
    Sylt: üüs
* Saterland Frisian: uus
* West Frisian: ús

#### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -us

### Noun

us
* plural of u

## Scots
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”).

### Pronoun

us
* us

### See also

| | | | personal pronoun | personal pronoun | personal pronoun | possessive pronoun | possessive determiner |
| | | | subjective | objective | reflexive | possessive pronoun | possessive determiner |
| first person | singular | singular | A, I, Ik | me | mysel | mine, mines | mine, my |
| first person | plural | plural | we | us, we | oorsel, oorsels | oors | our |
| second person | singular | standard (formal) | ye you, yow | ye you, yow | yersel yoursel | yers yours | yer your |
| second person | singular | Insular (informal) | thoo | thee | thysel, theesel | thines | thy, thee, thees |
| second person | plural | plural | ye, yese you, youse | ye, yese you, youse theer | yesels yoursels | yers yours | yer your |
| third person | singular | masculine | he, e | him, im | himsel, hissel | his, is | his, is |
| third person | singular | feminine | scho, she, shu | her, er | hersel | hers | her, er |
| third person | singular | neuter | it hit | it hit | itsel hitsel | its hits | its hits |
| third person | singular | genderless, nonspecific (formal) | ane | ane | – | – | ane's |
| third person | plural | plural | thay | thaim | thaimsel, thaimsels | thairs | thair |

### References

* “us, pers. pron.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 7 June 2024, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.
* “us, pers. pron.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 7 June 2024, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.

### Noun

ȕs f (Cyrillic spelling у̏с)
* fishbone

### References

* “us”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اوص (us), from Proto-Turkic *us (“mind, reason”).

### Noun

us (definite accusative usu, plural uslar)
* mind
* reason
* intelligence

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
us
uslar
definite accusative
usu
usları
dative
usa
uslara
locative
usta
uslarda
ablative
ustan
uslardan
genitive
usun
usların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
usum
uslarım
2nd singular
usun
usların
3rd singular
usu
usları
1st plural
usumuz
uslarımız
2nd plural
usunuz
uslarınız
3rd plural
usları
usları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
usumu
uslarımı
2nd singular
usunu
uslarını
3rd singular
usunu
uslarını
1st plural
usumuzu
uslarımızı
2nd plural
usunuzu
uslarınızı
3rd plural
uslarını
uslarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
usuma
uslarıma
2nd singular
usuna
uslarına
3rd singular
usuna
uslarına
1st plural
usumuza
uslarımıza
2nd plural
usunuza
uslarınıza
3rd plural
uslarına
uslarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
usumda
uslarımda
2nd singular
usunda
uslarında
3rd singular
usunda
uslarında
1st plural
usumuzda
uslarımızda
2nd plural
usunuzda
uslarınızda
3rd plural
uslarında
uslarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
usumdan
uslarımdan
2nd singular
usundan
uslarından
3rd singular
usundan
uslarından
1st plural
usumuzdan
uslarımızdan
2nd plural
usunuzdan
uslarınızdan
3rd plural
uslarından
uslarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
usumun
uslarımın
2nd singular
usunun
uslarının
3rd singular
usunun
uslarının
1st plural
usumuzun
uslarımızın
2nd plural
usunuzun
uslarınızın
3rd plural
uslarının
uslarının :

#### Synonyms

* akıl
* zihin

#### Derived terms

* uslu
* us dışı
* us pahası
* usa vurmak
* uslamlamak
* usuna getirmek

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*us”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

## Tz'utujil
### Noun

us
* fly (insect)

## Volapük
### Adverb

us
* there
** 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.

## West Frisian
### Pronoun

us
* object of wy