# 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁
## Old Uyghur
### Alternative forms

* 𐽶𐾁 (yl /⁠y(é)l⁠/), 𐽶𐽶𐾁 (yyl /⁠yél⁠/), 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 (yyyyl /⁠yiéél, yééél⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐾁 (yʾl /⁠yel⁠/), 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yyr /⁠yér⁠/), 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yyyr /⁠yḗr⁠/)
* 𐰘𐰃𐰠 (y²il² /⁠yil⁠/) (Sense 5)
* 𐫏𐫏𐫓 (yyl /⁠yél, yil⁠/)
* 𑀬𑁂‌𑀮𑁆 (ye‌l /⁠yel⁠/), 𑀬𑀺‌𑀮𑁆 (yi‌l /⁠yél, yil⁠/)
* ཡིལ (yil /⁠yél⁠/)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹl ~ *yẹ̄l (“wind”). Cognate with Karakhanid یَلْ (/⁠yél⁠/).
The reason this term is found most often with a duplicated yodh in writing is perhaps to avoid homography with 𐽶𐽶𐾁 (yyl /⁠yïl⁠/, “year”). It may also hint at a long vowel (ḗ).
Oldest works (c. 9th century) spell this word as 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yyr) or 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yyyr), while the 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yyr /⁠yér⁠/, “place, ground, Earth”) was spelled 𐽶𐽾 (yr). These old spellings, clearly influenced by the Sogdian and Orkhon scripts, gave way to the more common 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 (yyyl, “wind”) and 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yyr, “ground”), respectively.

### Noun

𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 (yyyl /yél, yil, yḗl, yiél, yéél, yiil/)
* wind, gust
    Synonyms: 𐽰𐽻𐽶𐽺 (ʾsyn /⁠esin⁠/), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽳𐽺 (ʾylkwn /⁠ilgün⁠/)
    𐽰𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐽰𐽱𐽰𐽿 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 ― ʾʾmyl yʾβʾš yyyl /Amïl yavaš yiél/ ― calm and mellow wind
* air
    Synonym: 𐽰𐽰𐽷𐽰𐽽𐽰 (ʾʾkʾcʾ /⁠akaš⁠/)
* (meteorology) unweather, strong wind, hurricane, borea, snow storm, blizzard
    Synonyms: 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽰𐽺 (pwrʾn /⁠buran⁠/), 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽼𐽶 (twypy /⁠tüpi⁠/), 𐽲𐽰𐽸 (qʾd /⁠ḳad⁠/)
* (religion) demoniacal possession, evil spirits, delinquency
    Synonym: 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (twtmʾq /⁠tutmaḳ⁠/)
* (zootomy, anatomy) mane
    Synonyms: 𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 (yʾlyq /⁠yalïġ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽸𐽳 (ywqdw /⁠yoġdu⁠/), 𐽽𐽰𐽾 (cʾr /⁠čar⁠/)

#### Compound terms

* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽶𐽷 (yyyl ʾyk /⁠yiél ig⁠/, “rheumatism”)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽼𐽶 (yyyl twypy /⁠yiél tüpi⁠/, “snowstorm”)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽺𐽶 (yyyl tylkʾny /⁠yiél tilgeni⁠/, “wind vane, weather vane, pinwheel”) (used in meditations)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽻𐽶 (yyyl tnkrysy /⁠yiél teŋrisi⁠/, “the god of wind”)

#### Derived terms

* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (yyylʾyw /⁠yiéleyü⁠/, “illusory, imaginary, magical”)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽷 (yyylʾnk /⁠yiéleŋ⁠/, “windy”) (said of places)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽱𐽶 (yyylβy /⁠yélvi⁠/, “magic, illusion, imaginary things, irrealis”)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽳 (yyylw /⁠yiélü⁠/, “strand of rope used to hang small animals”)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽳 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽺 (yyylw kwykʾn /⁠yiélü kögen⁠/, “rainbow”)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷 (yyylpyk /⁠yiélpik⁠/, “dwarf demons, apparition”)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽷𐽳 (yyylpykw /⁠yiélpikü⁠/, “hand fan, duster; halo, nimbus”)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽼𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷 (yyylpymʾk /⁠yiélpimek⁠/, “to use a hand fan”)
* 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (yyyltyrmʾk /⁠yiéltirmek⁠/, “to blow”)

#### Descendants

* →⇒ Classical Mongolian: ᠳᠡᠯᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ (deli sula, “worthless, unnecessary”)
* →⇒? Mongolian: дэл (del, “mane”)
* Western Yugur: jel (/⁠yel⁠/, “wind”)
** ⇒ Western Yugur: jelə (/⁠yelï⁠/, “horse mane”)

### References

* Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “yil, yiil”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 296
* Clauson, Gerard (1972) “1 yé:l”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 916-917
* Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “JEL I, JEL II”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 254
* Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) yel”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 885-886