# 講話
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǎnghuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong$^2$ waa$^6$ / gong$^2$ waa$^{6-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kóng-fa
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gong$^3$ fa$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gōng-uâ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng$^3$ ua$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kóng-ōe / kóng-ōa / káng-ōe
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$kaon $^6$gho
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎnghuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎnghuà
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^3$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: jyǎng-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeanghuah
*** Palladius: цзянхуа (czjanxua)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong$^2$ waa$^6$ / gong$^2$ waa$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: góng wah / góng wá
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong$^2$ waa$^6$ / gong$^2$ waa$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong$^2$ wa$^6$ / gong$^2$ wa$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔːŋ³⁵ waː²²/, /kɔːŋ³⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kóng-fa
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong$^ˋ$ fa
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong$^3$ fa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ³¹ fa⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gong$^3$ fa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kɔŋ³¹ fa⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gōng-uâ
*** Sinological IPA : /kouŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋuɑ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng$^3$ ua$^5$ [Phonetic: gorng$^2$ ngua$^5$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gô̤ng-uā
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋua²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng$^3$ ua$^5$ [Phonetic: gorng$^2$ ngua$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kɒŋ³³²⁻¹³ $^{(Ø-)}$ŋua²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóng-ōe
*** Tâi-lô: kóng-uē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofng'oe
*** IPA (Singapore): /kɔŋ⁴²⁻²⁴ ue²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ue³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ue²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ue³³/
*** IPA (Philippines): /kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ue⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, Medan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóng-ōa
*** Tâi-lô: kóng-uā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kofng'oa
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ua²²/
*** IPA (Penang): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ ua²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káng-ōe
*** Tâi-lô: káng-uē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kafng'oe
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ue⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$kaon $^6$gho
*** MiniDict: kaon$^去$ gho$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$kaan $^3$hho
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃³⁴ ɦo²³/

### Verb

講⫽話 (verb-object)
* to talk; to speak
       Wǒ bù xiǎng hé zhè zhǒng bùyàoliǎn de nǚrén jiǎnghuà. [Pinyin]
       I don't wish to speak to such a shameless woman.
       Suīrán wǒ de yuèdú shuǐpíng hěn hǎo, dànshì gēn Zhōngguórén jiǎnghuà yǒudiǎn kùnnán. [Pinyin]
       Although my reading skills are very good, I have some difficulty conversing with Chinese people.
* to make a speech; to give an address or talk

#### Synonyms

* (to speak):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 說話, 講話 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 說話, 言語 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 說話, 講話 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 講話, 說話 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 講話, 說話 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 說話 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 說話 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 說話, 言傳 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 說話 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 說話 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 說話 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 說話 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 說話, 開腔 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 說話 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 講話, 說話 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 講話, 說話 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 講話 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 講說話, 講話 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 講嘢, 講說話 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 講話 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 講嘢 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 講話 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 講嘢 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 講話 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 講嘢, 講話 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 講嘢 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 講事話, 講話 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 講話, 講說話 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 講話, 講說話 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 話事 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 話事 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 講事, 話事 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 講話, 講事, 話事 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 話事 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 話事 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 講話 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 話事 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 話事 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 講話 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 講話 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Changting | 話事 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 講話 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 話事 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 話事, 講事 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 話事 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 話事 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 話事 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 話事 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 話事 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 話事 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 話事 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 話事 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 話事 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 講話, 講事 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 講事 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 講話 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 講話 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 講話 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 講話 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 講話 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 講話 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 講話 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 講話 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 講話 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 講話 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 說話 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 話事 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 話事 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 話事 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 話事 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 話事, 講事 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 話事 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 話事 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 話事 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 講話 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 說話, 講話 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 講話, 說話 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 說話 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 講話, 說話 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 說話 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 說話 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 說話, 講話 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 說話 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 呾話, 講話 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 講話, 沫話 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 講話, 說話 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 呾話 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 呾話 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 呾話 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 呾話 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 呾話 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 呾話 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 講話 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 講話 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 講話 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 講話 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 話事 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 話事 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 話事 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 講話 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 講話 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 講閒話, 說話 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 講閒話 |
| Wu | Danyang | 講話 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 講閒話, 講說話, 話說話 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 講話, 講說話 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 講水話, 講話 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 講話 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 話話, 講話 |

### Noun

講話
* speech; address; talk (Classifier: 篇 m; 次 m; 番 m)
    作重要講話／作重要讲话 ― zuò zhòngyào jiǎnghuà ― to make an important speech
       Nǐ gāngcái de jiǎnghuà ràng wǒ fēicháng de nánguò. [Pinyin]
       Your speech just now made me very sad.
* (in book titles) guide; introduction

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 講 | 話 |
| こう Grade: 5 | わ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

講(こう)話(わ) • (kōwa)
* discourse, lecture

### Verb

講(こう)話(わ)する • (kōwa suru) suru (stem 講(こう)話(わ)し (kōwa shi), past 講(こう)話(わ)した (kōwa shita))
* give a lecture

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 講話し | こうわし | kōwa shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 講話し | こうわし | kōwa shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 講話する | こうわする | kōwa suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 講話する | こうわする | kōwa suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 講話すれ | こうわすれ | kōwa sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 講話せよ¹ 講話しろ² | こうわせよ¹ こうわしろ² | kōwa seyo¹ kōwa shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 講話される | こうわされる | kōwa sareru |
| Causative | 講話させる 講話さす | こうわさせる こうわさす | kōwa saseru kōwa sasu |
| Potential | 講話できる | こうわできる | kōwa dekiru |
| Volitional | 講話しよう | こうわしよう | kōwa shiyō |
| Negative | 講話しない | こうわしない | kōwa shinai |
| Negative continuative | 講話せず | こうわせず | kōwa sezu |
| Formal | 講話します | こうわします | kōwa shimasu |
| Perfective | 講話した | こうわした | kōwa shita |
| Conjunctive | 講話して | こうわして | kōwa shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 講話すれば | こうわすれば | kōwa sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 講 | 話 |

### Noun

講話 • (ganghwa) (hangeul 강화)
* hanja form of 강화 (“discourse, lecture”)