# bara
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɑː.ɹə/, /ˈbæ.ɹə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːɹə, -æɹə

### Etymology 1

Short for barazoku, from Japanese 薔薇族 (barazoku, literally “rose tribe”), the name of Japan's first modern gay men's magazine, named after a post-World War II term for gay men.

#### Noun

bara (uncountable)
* (Japanese fiction) A genre of homoerotic media, usually manga and often pornographic, made by gay men for gay men in Japan.
* Gay male media of a similar style and aesthetic, regardless of the creator's gender or ethnicity.
* Any homoerotic media or pornography that accentuates macho masculinity; gay porn.

##### Usage notes

* The term barazoku was once relatively more common in the Japanese gay community (the magazine Barazoku starting publication in 1971), but has long since gone out of fashion in Japan, having been replaced by terms like ガチムチ (gachimuchi).
* The term bara often contrasts with yaoi, which is gay male media usually made by heterosexual women to appeal to other heterosexual women. Whereas bara typically emphasizes masculine homoeroticism and frank explicit sexual situations, yaoi typically emphasizes the androgynous bishonen aesthetic and depicts emotional romantic relationships.

#### Adjective

bara (uncountable)
* (Internet slang) Of or related to bara media.
    bara men

### Etymology 2

Clipping of capybara.

#### Noun

bara (plural baras)
* (informal) A capybara.

### Anagrams

* Raab, arab, ABAR, Abra, abra, abar, Abar, arba, Arab, Baar, raab

## Afar
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baˈra/ [bʌˈɾʌ]
* Hyphenation: ba‧ra

#### Noun

bará f
* sake

##### Declension

absolutive
bará
predicative
bará
subjective
bará
genitive
bará
Postpositioned forms
l-case
barál
k-case
barák
t-case
barát
h-case
baráh :

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbara/ [ˈbʌɾʌ]
* Hyphenation: ba‧ra

#### Noun

bára
* predicative of bár

### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 68
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

## Breton
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Welsh bara, Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɑː.ra/

### Noun

bara m (plural baraioù)
* bread

#### Derived terms

* bara amanenn
* bara an aelez
* bara an aoter
* bara ar Rouanez
* bara brizh
* bara du
* bara gwenn
* bara krazet
* bara-an-evn
* bara-an-hoc'h
* bara-an-ozhac'h-kozh
* bara-choanenn
* bara-chokolad
* bara-gad
* bara-gavr
* bara-kann
* bara-koukoug
* bara-laezh
* bara-ludu
* bara-mel
* bara-mor
* bara-oaled
* bara-rezin
* bara-tiegezh
* baraa
* baraek
* baraenn
* baraer
* baraerezh
* baraiñ

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bara”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 17

## Cebuano
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ba‧ra

### Noun

bara
* a yard; a unit of length equal to 3 feet

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Caribbean Hindustani bára, possibly from Hindi बड़ा (baṛā). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbaː.raː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: ba‧ra

### Noun

bara m (plural bara's)
* (originally Suriname) vada (a savoury doughnut made of mung bean flour)
** 2021 July 4, “Gezellige sfeer bij vaccinatie in PL-centrum [Congenial atmosphere at vaccination drive at PL party headquarters]”, in StarNieuws‎, retrieved 7 December 2022:Uit enkele speakers dendert soca en zouk muziek. In de lucht hangt de geur van versgebakken bara's en kip.Soca and zouk music thumps from a couple of loudspeakers. The smell of freshly fried vadas and chicken wafts through the air.

### Further reading

* Bara (snack) on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## Faroese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɛaːɹa/
* Rhymes: -ɛaːɹa
* Homophones: barað, bæra

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

bara (third person singular past indicative baraði, third person plural past indicative baraðu, supine barað)
* (reflexive) constrain (oneself)

##### Conjugation

$^1$Only the past participle being declined.

### Etymology 2
#### Adverb

bara
* just, simply
* I wish
* if only

##### Synonyms

* (I wish): gævi

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.ʁa/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bara m (uncountable)
* (Ivory Coast slang) work, labour
** 2019 April 1, La rappeuse NASH, “La rappeuse NASH nommée ambassadrice nationale UNICEF”, in A UNICEF press release, spread by Ivorian.net, Fratmat, Allafrica, Afrique Femme, Abidjan TV, Ivoire Soir, Africa Hot News:Ma science pour les gopios, c’est de : couman fah-fah avec eux, prendre dra de leur melanhement, de leur miria, djaouli ceux qui veulent fraya au souklou, ou avoir un bara djidji par rapport à un graya général demso, decrou un bon soutrali par rapport à les bognan et leur gué un nouveau douahou et mettre mon fangan au-devant pour leurs wés.My science for the children is: to do some plain talk with them, discover their troubles, their concerns, to make provisions for those who want to go to school, or to have some real work in relation to a general sustenance, to render some good help in relation to their problems and give them a new chance, and to apply my power for their dreams.

### Verb

bara
* (Ivory Coast slang) to work, to labour

## Hausa
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bá.ɽàː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [bə́.ɽàː]

#### Noun

barā̀ m (feminine baranyā̀, plural barōrī, possessed form baràn)
* servant
** A young person who out of respect volunteers to work for someone from time to time.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bá.ràː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [bə́.ràː]

#### Noun

bar̃ā̀ f (plural bàr̃ā̀ce-bàr̃ā̀ce, possessed form bar̃àr̃)
* A beggar for alms

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bàː.ráː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [bàː.ráː]

#### Noun

bā̀r̃ā f (possessed form bā̀r̃ar̃)
* one's focus (e.g., in aiming at or attempting to catch something)

### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bàː.ɽá/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [bàː.ɽə́]

#### Noun

bā̀ra f (possessed form bā̀rar̃)
* last year

#### Adverb

bā̀ra
* last year

## Hiligaynon
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vara/barra.

### Noun

bára
* crowbar
* yardstick

## Ibatan
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.

### Noun

bara
* (anatomy) lung

## Icelandic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Danish bare (“barely, only”). First attested in the 18th c.. Compare Swedish bara.

### Adverb

bara
* only, just, if only
    Ég á bara 200 krónur.I only have 200 krónur.
    Bara að hann hringi í mig...If only he'd call me...
* (emphatic, postpositive) only, just
    Synonym: barasta
    Þegiðu bara!Just shut up!
    Gerðu þetta bara og þegiðu!Just do it and shut up.

#### Derived terms

* af því bara, aþþí bara, af því barasta (“just because”)

### References

* ↑ Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) “bara”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

## Ilocano
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.

### Noun

bara
* lung

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Malay bara.

### Noun

bara (plural bara-bara)
* ember

## Iraqw
### Adverb

bara
* if, when

### References

* Mous, Maarten, Qorro, Martha, Kießling, Roland (2002) Iraqw-English Dictionary (Kuschitische Sprachstudien), volume 18, Köln, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN, page 11

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbˠaɾˠə/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish bara (“flow; intention, design”). Probably related to Middle Irish baramail (“opinion, expectation”).

#### Noun

bara f (genitive singular bara, nominative plural baraí)
* inclination, intention

### Etymology 2

From Middle Irish bara (“barrow”), borrowed from Old Norse barar.

#### Noun

bara m (genitive singular bara, nominative plural baraí)
* barrow, cart

##### Derived terms

* bara láimhe (“hand-barrow”)
* bara rotha (“wheel-barrow”)

### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
bara
baraí
vocative
a bhara
a bharaí
genitive
bara
baraí
dative
bara
baraí
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an bara
na baraí
genitive
an bhara
na mbaraí
dative
leis an mbara don bhara
leis na baraí :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bara”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bara”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 bara”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bara”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “bara”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈba.ra/
* Rhymes: -ara
* Hyphenation: bà‧ra

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Lombardic bāra (“bier, litter”), from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną (“to carry”). Compare German Bahre (“bier, stretcher”).

#### Noun

bara f (plural bare)
* bier (litter to transport the corpse of a dead person)
** 1316–c. 1321, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XI”, in Paradiso [Heaven]‎, lines 115–117; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎, 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:e del suo grembo l’anima preclara mover si volle, tornando al suo regno, e al suo corpo non volle altra bara.And from her bosom the illustrious soul wished to depart, returning to its realm, and for its body wished no other bier.
* coffin (box in which a person is buried)
    Synonym: (regional) tabuto
    Il cadavere fu deposto nella bara.The body was placed in the coffin.
    molte bare in attesa di sepolturaa number of coffins awaiting burial
* (obsolete) litter, stretcher
    Synonyms: barella, lettiga
* (religion) a carriage used to transport a saint's relics
* an animal-drawn carriage typical of Tuscany and Liguria

##### Derived terms

* barella

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

bara
* inflection of barare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* bara in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* raba

## Jamaican Creole
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɑːra/
* Hyphenation: ba‧ra

### Verb

bara
* Alternative form of borrow
** 1995, English World-wide, volumes 16-17, Julius Groos Verlag, page 214:“So, mii en ha fi fain mi uona wie fi se ina Jamiekan aal kain a sinting we piipl a taak bout wen dem a stodi langgwij . Mek mi shuo unu wa ... Mi bara di Rasta wod 'grounieshan' we dem yuuz fi seshan we dem miit an riizn . Mi tek i an yuuz i fi [...]”Well, I had to find my own way to express all sorts of things in Jamaican Creole which people talk about when they study languages. Let me show you what [...] I'm borrowing the Rasta word "Grounation" which they use for sessions where they get together and discuss important matters. I took it and used it to [...]

## Japanese
### Romanization

bara
* Rōmaji transcription of ばら
* Rōmaji transcription of バラ

## Javanese
### Romanization

bara
* Romanization of ꦧꦫ

## Khalaj

| Perso-Arabic | Perso-Arabic | بَرا |

### Alternative forms

* barasıça

### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian برا (barâ).

### Pronunciation

* (Xarrâbî) IPA: [baɾa]

### Postposition

bara
* because of, for
    Synonyms: bərâyı, sârı
* in regard to, in respect of

### References

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

## Kikuyu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /βàɾà(ꜜ)/
    As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 1 with a disyllabic stem, together with ndaka, and so on.
* (Kiambu)
   * (Limuru) As for Tonal Class, Yukawa (1981) classifies this term into a group including cindano, huko, iburi, igego, igoti, ini (pl. mani), inooro, irigũ, irũa, iturubarĩ (pl. maturubarĩ), kĩbaata, kĩmũrĩ, kũgũrũ, mũciĩ, mũgeni, mũgũrũki, mũmbirarũ, mũndũ, mũri, mũthuuri, mwaki (“fire”), mwario (“way of speaking”), mbogoro, nda, ndaka, ndigiri, ngo, njagathi, njogu, nyondo (“breast(s)”), and so on.

### Noun

bara class 9/10 (plural bara)
* road
    Synonyms: barabara, njĩra

### References

* “barabara” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 24. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
* ↑ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.

## Laboya
### Preposition

bara
* nearby, at, close

### References

* Rina, A. Dj., Kabba, John Lado B. (2011) “bara”, in Kamus Bahasa Lamboya, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat [Dictionary of Lamboya Language, West Sumba Regency], Waikabubak: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat, page 8

## Latvian
### Noun

bara m
* genitive singular of bars

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀah.

### Pronunciation

* (Johor-Selangor) IPA: /barə/
* (Riau-Lingga) IPA: /bara/
* Rhymes: -arə, -rə, -ə
* Rhymes: -a

### Noun

bara (Jawi spelling بارا, plural bara-bara, informal 1st possessive baraku, 2nd possessive baramu, 3rd possessive baranya)
* ember

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* pembaraan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
* perbara [causative passive] (peR-)
* perbaraan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
* membara [agent focus] (meN-)
* membarai [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
* berbara [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* bara api

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: bara

### References

* "bara" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
* “bara” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mansaka
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajaq, compare Old Javanese warah.

### Verb

bara
* to warn

## Maranao
### Noun

bara
* crowbar

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɑ.rɑ/

### Adjective

bara
* inflection of bær:
** strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
** weak nominative masculine singular

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old English bēr.

### Noun

bāra f
* bier

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: bāre
** German: Bahre
* → Italian: bara

## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse bera, bara (East Old Norse), from Proto-Germanic *bazōną.

### Verb

bara
* to bare, make bare

#### Conjugation
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French barrer (“to bar”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baˈra/

### Verb

a bara (third-person singular present barează, past participle barat) 1st conjugation
* to bar, to block
    Synonym: bloca
* to strike through

#### Conjugation
## Rwanda-Rundi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-bàda.

### Verb

-bara (infinitive kubara, perfective -baze)
* to count, calculate

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bara.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bâra/
* Hyphenation: ba‧ra

#### Noun

bȁra f (Cyrillic spelling ба̏ра, relational adjective bȁrskī)
* puddle
* marsh, swamp

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “bara”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

bara (Cyrillic spelling бара)
* genitive singular of bȃr

## Shona
### Etymology

From Portuguese bala.

### Noun

bará class 5 (plural mapará class 6)
* bullet

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَرّ (barr, “mainland”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

bara class V or IX (plural mabara class VI or bara class X)
* mainland
* continent
    Synonym: kontinenti

### See also

* Afrika
* Amerika
** Amerika ya Kaskazini
** Amerika ya Kusini
* Antaktika ~ Antaktiki
* Asia
* Australia
* Ulaya, Uropa

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish bara, from Old Norse *bara (“barely, only”), from *barr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare”). Compare Icelandic bara.

### Pronunciation

* (Sweden) IPA: /²bɑːra/
** Audio:(file)
** (colloquial, unstressed) IPA: /ba/
* (Finland) IPA: /bɑrɑ/
* Rhymes: -²ɑːra

### Adjective

bara
* inflection of bar:
** definite singular
** plural

### Adverb

bara (not comparable)
* just, only
    Synonyms: blott, enbart, endast, enkom, uteslutande
    Jag ska bara läsa den här sidan också.I'll just read this page too.
    Vi har bara en bil.We have only one car.

#### Alternative forms

* ba (colloquial)

### References

* bara in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bara in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bara in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Lövestam, Sara (2023) “Bara är inte alltid så bara”, in Språktidningen‎ (in Swedish), number 4, Vetenskapsmedia, →ISSN, retrieved 30 August 2024

### Anagrams

* arab, arab.

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

From Spanish barrar (“to mud”) or Spanish varar (“to strand”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /baˈɾa/ [bɐˈɾa]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: ba‧ra

#### Noun

bará (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇ)
* clog; blockage; stoppage; obstruction
    Synonyms: pasak, sumpal, siksik

##### Derived terms

* bara-bara
* barahan
* bumara
* mabarahan
* magbara
* makabara

##### Related terms

* barado

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish vara.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈbaɾa/ [ˈbaː.ɾɐ]
* Rhymes: -aɾa
* Syllabification: ba‧ra

#### Noun

bara (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇ)
* unit of length measuring about 33 inches
* measuring stick or tape measure of such a length

##### Related terms

* sandipa
* yarda

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Spanish barra.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈbaɾa/ [ˈbaː.ɾɐ]
* Rhymes: -aɾa
* Syllabification: ba‧ra

#### Noun

bara (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇ)
* shaft; lever; beam (of a balance)
    Synonyms: pingga, braso

### Anagrams

* Abra, abra

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈba.ɾa]

### Noun

bara
* carbuncle

### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Turkish
### Noun

bara
* definite dative singular of bar

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈbara/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈba(ː)ra/
* Rhymes: -ara

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Breton bara, Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).

#### Noun

bara m (plural bara)
* bread
* (figuratively) food, meal, sustenance
* (figuratively) means of subsistence, livelihood

##### Derived terms

* bara a chaws (“bread and cheese”)
* bara a dŵr (“bread and water”)
* bara brith
* bara cras, bara crasu
* bara fflat
* bara soda

##### Related terms

* torth (“loaf”)

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

#### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bara”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

bara
* Soft mutation of para.

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bara”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*barag(en)o/ā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 56