# year
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /jɪə/
** Audio (UK):(file)
* (General American) enPR: yîr, IPA: /jɪɹ/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (New Zealand) IPA: /jiə/
* (Scotland, Ireland, Canada) IPA: /jir/
* (General South African) IPA: /jøː/
* (Wales, other regions) IPA: /jɜː/
* (East Anglia, cheer–chair merger) IPA: /jɛː/
* Hyphenation: year
* Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ) (in some varieties of English)
* Homophone: yeah (non-rhotic with cheer–chair merger)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English yeer, yere, from Old English ġēar (“year”), from Proto-West Germanic *jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą (“year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥ (“year, spring”). Doublet of hora and hour.

#### Alternative forms

* yeah (eye dialect)
* yeare, yeer, yeere, yere (obsolete)
* yur (eye dialect)

#### Noun

year (plural years or (UK colloquial) year)
* A period of time akin to the time taken for the Earth to undergo a full cycle of seasons.
    we moved to this town a year ago; I quit smoking exactly one year ago
** The time taken for the Earth to return to the same position along the ecliptic, completing a full cycle of seasons; a tropical year or solar year.
** The time taken for the Earth to orbit the Sun with respect to the fixed stars; a sidereal year.
** The length of twelve lunations; the time taken for any moon phase to happen twelve times; a lunar year.
** The length of a year as marked by a calendar, 365 or 366 days in the Gregorian calendar; a calendar year.
** The mean length of a calendar year in the Julian calendar, that is, 365.25 solar days; a Julian year.
* (by extension) The time it takes for any astronomical object (such as a planet, dwarf planet, small Solar System body, or comet) in direct orbit around a star (such as the Sun) to make one revolution around the star.
    Mars goes around the sun once in a Martian year, or 1.88 Earth years.
** 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citdael:Shepard: What can you tell me about the Citadel Council? Avina: Originally, the Council consisted of representatives from the asari and salarians, the two dominant species in Citadel space. Roughly 1,304 galactic standard years ago, turians were invited to join the Council in recognition of the role they played during the Krogan Rebellion.
* A period between set dates that mark a year, such as from January 1 to December 31 by the Gregorian calendar, from Tishri 1 to Elul 29 by the Jewish calendar, and from Muharram 1 to Dhu al-Hijjah 29 or 30 by the Islamic calendar.
    A normal year has 365 full days, but there are 366 days in a leap year.
    I was born in the year 1950.
    This Chinese year is the year of the Ox.
** 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:Dotcom mania was slow in coming to higher education, but now it has the venerable industry firmly in its grip. Since the launch early last year of Udacity and Coursera, two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations.
* A scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity.
    During this school year I have to get up at 6:30 to catch the bus.
** A level or grade in school or college.
    Every second-year student must select an area of specialization.
    The exams in year 12 at high school are the most difficult.
* The proportion of a creature's lifespan equivalent to one year of an average human lifespan (see also dog year).
    Geneticists have created baker's yeast that can live to 800 in yeast years.

##### Synonyms

* (one revolution of the Sun by the Earth): solar year, equinoctial year, sun, Theban year, twelvemonth, annum
* (time to make one revolution by any body): anomalistic year, galactic year, Gaussian year, Great Year, lunar year, Platonic year, sidereal year, Sothic year, tropical year, annum (sci fi)
* (period between set dates): calendar year, civil year, legal year
* (specific uses): accounting year, base year, dog year, financial year, fiscal year, liturgical year, quality-adjusted life year, school year, tax year

##### Hypernyms

* biennium (2 years), triennium (3), quadrennium or olympiad (4), quinquennium or pentad (5), sexennium (6), septennium (7), octaeteris or octennium (8), novennium (9), decennium or decade (10), centennium or century (100), quincentennium (500), kiloyear or millennium (1000), decamillennium (10,000), centimillennium (100,000), millionennium or megayear (1,000,000), gigayear (1,000,000,000)

##### Hyponyms

* base year
* birthyear
* calendar year
* civil year
* dog year
* donkey's years
* financial year
* fiscal year
* fourth year
* gap year
* golden years
* holy year
* last year
* leap year
* legal year
* liturgical year
* lunar year
* mid-year, midyear
* run of year
* school year
* second year
* sidereal year
* solar year
* Sothic year
* sunset years
* tax year
* third year
* twilight years
* year of confusion
* year of grace
* year of our Lord
* year of our Lord Jesus Christ
* year zero
* yesteryear

##### Coordinate terms

* millennium
* century
* decade
* year
* month
* week
* day
* hour
* minute
* moment
* second
* millisecond
* microsecond
* nanosecond
* picosecond
* femtosecond
* attosecond
* zeptosecond
* yoctosecond

##### Derived terms

* 100-year flood
* 10-year series
* 4-plus-billion-year
* abundant year
* academic year
* after-years
* all-year-round
* astronomical year
* autumn years
* a year and a day
* banner year
* be a hundred years too early
* beyond one's years
* big year
* bissextile year
* century year
* Christian year
* Christmas comes but once a year
* common year
* cosmic year
* current year
* day-year principle
* disability-adjusted life year
* disability adjusted life year
* dollar-a-year man
* donkey's years
* dragon year
* final year project
* first year
* first-year
* four score and seven years ago
* four score seven years ago
* gigayear
* golden years
* half-year
* human year
* hundred-year egg
* hundred-year storm
* I am twenty years old
* I'm twenty years old
* Jesus year
* leap year
* light year
* light-year
* man-year
* mast year
* megalight-year
* megayear
* multiyear
* multi-year
* never in a million years
* new year
* next year
* non-leap year
* not in a million years
* one-hundred-year storm
* one-year-old
* on in years
* pack-year
* pack year
* person-year
* rain year
* regnal year
* roll back the years
* ruin of the year
* run year
* sabbatical year
* salad year
* seventeen-year locust
* seven-year apple
* seven-year itch
* seven-year vine
* sunset years
* ten-year series
* terawatt-year
* term of years
* term of years absolute
* term of years determinable
* this year
* thousand-year egg
* thousand-year-old egg
* time of year
* today years old
* to-year
* transition year
* turn of the year
* twilight years
* two-year
* water year
* who was your servant last year
* wise beyond one's years
* year 2000 problem
* year 2038 problem
* year-around
* year bearer
* year-bird
* yearbook
* year-book
* year by year
* year dot
* year-end
* year-group
* yearhundred
* yearling
* year-long
* yearly
* year mark
* year mind
* year-old
* year-on-year
* year out
* year-over-year
* year-round
* year-rounder
* years-long
* year's mind
* years young
* yearthousand
* year to date
* year-to-date
* year-to-year
* yester-year
* yesteryear

##### Descendants

* Jamaican Creole: ier
* Tok Pisin: yia
* → Chuukese: ier
* → Japanese: イヤー (iyā)
* → Volapük: yel

##### Translations
#### See also

* calendar
* January
* February
* March
* April
* May
* June
* July
* August
* September
* October
* November
* December
* Tishrei
* Cheshvan
* Kislev
* Tevet
* Shevat
* Adar
* Nisan
* Iyar
* Sivan
* Tammuz
* Av
* Elul
* Muharram
* Safar
* Rabi I
* Rabi II
* Jumada I
* Jumada II
* Rajab
* Sha'ban
* Ramadan
* Shawwal
* Dhu'l-Qa'da
* Dhu'l-Hijja
* (smaller divisions): see month, week, day, etc.
* ($^1$⁄$_4$-year): quarter, quarterly, season, seasonal
* ($^1$⁄$_3$-year): triannual
* ($^1$⁄$_2$-year): biannual, semiannual, twice-yearly
* (roughly one year): quasi-annual
* (adj.): yearly, annual, per annum
* (2-year): biennium, biennial
* (3-year): triennium, triennial, trieterical
* (4-year): quadrennium, quadrennial
* (5-year): quinquennium, quinquenniad, quintennium, quinquennial, quintennial
* (6-year): sexennium, sexennial
* (7-year): septennium, septennial, septennary, septenniad, septenary, septenarian, septennian, septennual
* (8-year): octennium, octaeteris, octennial, octaeteric
* (9-year): novennium, novennial, enneaeteric, enneatic
* (10-year): decade, decennium, decadal, decennial
* (17-year): septendecennial
* (19-year): enneadecaeteris
* tender years doctrine
* (20-year): vicennium, vicennial
* (30-year): tricennium, tricennial
* (100-year): century, yearhundred, centennial, centenary, centuried
* (200-year): bicentennial, bicentenary
* (300-year): tricentennial, tricentenary tercentennial, tercentenary
* (1000-year): millennium, kiloyear (kyr), yearthousand, millennial
* (3000-year): termillenary
* (10 000-year): decamillennium
* (100 000-year): centimillennium
* (1 000 000-year): megayear (Myr), mega-annum (Ma), millionennium
* (1 000 000 000-year): gigayear (Gyr), gigannum (Ga)

#### References

* year on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

year
* Pronunciation spelling of here.
* Pronunciation spelling of hear.

### Anagrams

* yare, aery, Yare, Ayre, ayre, y'are, Reay, Eary, Raye, Ayer, Arey, eyra

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English yeer, yere, from Old English ġēr, ġēar (“year”), from Proto-West Germanic *jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą (“year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r- (“year, spring”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [(j)iːr]

### Noun

year (plural year)
* year

### References

* “year, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 24 May 2024, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.
* “3er, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 24 May 2024, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.