# 孟加拉
## Chinese
### Etymology

Ultimately from Bengali বাংলা (baṅla) via Hokkien.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Mèngjiālā
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maang$^6$ gaa$^1$ laai$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Men-kâ-lâ
* Eastern Min (BUC): Mâing-gă-lăk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Bēng-ka-lá / Bēng-ka-la / Béng-ka-la / Bēng-kee-la
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$man-ka-la
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Mèngjiālā
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Mèngjiala
*** Wade–Giles: Mêng$^4$-chia$^1$-la$^1$
*** Yale: Mèng-jyā-lā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Menqjialha
*** Palladius: Мэнцзяла (Mɛnczjala)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maang$^6$ gaa$^1$ laai$^1$
*** Yale: maahng gā lāai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maang$^6$ gaa$^1$ laai$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mang$^6$ ga$^1$ lai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Men-kâ-lâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: men ga$^ˊ$ la$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: men$^4$ ga$^1$ la$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /men⁵⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Mâing-gă-lăk
*** Sinological IPA : /mɛiŋ²⁴²⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$ŋa⁵⁵ l̃aʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bēng-ka-lá
*** Tâi-lô: Bīng-ka-lá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bexngkalar
*** IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bēng-ka-la
*** Tâi-lô: Bīng-ka-la
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bexngkalaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Béng-ka-la
*** Tâi-lô: Bíng-ka-la
*** Phofsit Daibuun: befngkalaf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ la³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bēng-kee-la
*** Tâi-lô: Bīng-kee-la
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$man-ka-la
*** MiniDict: man$^去$ ka la
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$man-ka-la
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mã²² ka⁵⁵ la²¹/

### Proper noun

孟加拉
* Bengal (a region of South Asia)
** 1824, 尚德 [Walter Henry Medhurst], 咬𠺕吧總論, page 38:
       Qiě jìnlái yǒu duō yángchuán, cóng Mèngjiālā, Mèngmǎi jí Mǎdélāsǎ, wǎnglái Bā dì màoyì, qí zài lái báibù, màn bù, jí yàpiàn. [Pinyin]
       (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Malaysia) Bangladesh (a country in South Asia)

#### Synonyms

* (Bengal): (obsolete) 朋加剌, 榜葛剌 (Bǎnggélà), 明呀喇
* (Bangladesh):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 孟加拉國 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 孟加拉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 孟加拉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 孟加拉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 孟加拉 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 孟加拉國 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 孟加拉國 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 孟加拉國 |

#### Derived terms

* 孟加拉人民共和國 / 孟加拉人民共和国 (Mèngjiālā Rénmín Gònghéguó)
* 孟加拉國 / 孟加拉国 (Mèngjiālāguó)
* 孟加拉族
* 孟加拉灣 / 孟加拉湾 (Mèngjiālā Wān)
* 孟加拉虎 (mèngjiālāhǔ)
* 孟加拉語 / 孟加拉语 (mèngjiālāyǔ)
* 西孟加拉 (Xīmèngjiālā)

### Noun

孟加拉
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) fool; idiot
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) a drinking game whose song starts with the line 孟加拉呀孟加拉 (“Bangladesh, oh Bangladesh”)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 傻子, 傻瓜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 傻狗兒, 傻蛋, 傻屄 pejorative |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 傻子, 傻瓜, 凱子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 傻子, 傻狍子, 傻錛兒錛兒, 傻蛋, 傻屄 pejorative |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 傻瓜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 傻瓜, 傻子, 呆子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 傻瓜, 傻屌, 傻膀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 傻子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 傻子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 哈巴兒, 哈娃兒, 嘻瓜娃兒, 吞兒寶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 哈崽, 哈卵 vulgar |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 傻崽, 哈崽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 傻崽, 哈崽, 憨崽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 痴崽, 癲崽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 楞人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 傻瓜, 憨包 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 傻瓜, 笨蛋, 憨包, 包人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 傻瓜, 憨人 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 傻子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 傻瓜, 阿傻, 傻佬 man, 傻婆 woman, 傻仔 boy, 戇居仔 boy |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 傻瓜, 傻佬 man, 傻婆 woman, 傻仔 boy, 傻女 girl, 傻妹 girl, 死蠢, kai子 dated slang, Lulu dated slang, Robert male, dated slang, Robert仔 male, dated slang, 孟加拉 dated slang |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 懵佬 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 傻佬 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 傻佬 man, 傻婆 woman, 傻仔 boy |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 傻佬 man, 傻婆 woman, 傻仔 boy |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 傻佬 man, 傻婆 woman, 傻仔 boy |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 傻佬 man, 傻婆 woman, 傻仔 boy |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 傻佬, 傻仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 傻仔, 蠢仔 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 傻仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 傻仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 傻佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 傻仔, 傻佬 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 傻仔, 傻佬 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 傻佬 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 傻佬 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 吽仔 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 吽仔 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 傻仔 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 傻仔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 傻佬 man, 傻婆 woman, 傻仔 boy, 傻女 girl, 懵佬 man, 懵婆 woman, 懵仔 boy, 懵女 girl |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 傻佬 man, 傻婆 woman, 傻仔 boy |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 傻瓜 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 傻仔, 傻佬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 傻佬, 傻婆, 廢佬 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 傻仔, 傻佬 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 傻仔 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 傻仔 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 傻佬 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 傻仔, 傻佬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蟬頭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 傻瓜, 戇牯, 傻貨, 傻仔 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 懵佬 man, 懵婆 woman, 懵仔 boy |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 傻佬 man, 傻婆 woman, 傻仔 boy |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 傻佬 man, 傻婆 woman, 傻仔 boy |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 傻佬 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 傻佬 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 傻子, 傻屄 pejorative |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 傻瓜子 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 賴仔, 賴撇仔 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 戇儂, 歁囝 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 戇儂 GT, 戇猴 GT, 宋盼的 GT, 盼仔 GT |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 戇儂, 戇虎的 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 戇儂, 戇居, 柴頭, 戇囝, 傻仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 戇囝 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 山猴, 戇戇鬼, 洽洽仔, 三八儂, ka-mú-tī, 大番薯 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 傻瓜, 㦙囝, 傻哥 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 妃松, 老松, 山邁 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 傻囝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 傻佬 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 傻佬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 傻崽 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 戇人, 阿戇, 踱頭, 壽頭, 戇浮屍 vulgar |
| Xiang | Changsha | 哈寶, 苕它, 蠢人子, 蠢寶, 痴呆子, 哈卵 vulgar |
| Xiang | Loudi | 哈寶, 哈聖, 哈子 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

### References

* Bolton, Kingsley, Hutton, Christopher (2005) A Dictionary of Cantonese Slang: The Language of Hong Kong Movies, Street Gangs and City Life, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 276