# 鑒

| 鑒 | U+9452, &#37970; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9452 |
| ← 鑑 [U+9451] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鑓 → [U+9453] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 鑒 |
| Shinjitai | 鑑 |
| Simplified | 鉴 |

### Han character

鑒 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+14, 22 strokes, cangjie input 尸田金 (SWC) or 金尸一廿 (CSMT), four-corner 7810$_9$, composition ⿱𰯲金)

#### Derived characters

* 𨰹(𰿀), 𫭀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1325, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40989
* Dae Jaweon: page 1826, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4267, character 7
* Unihan data for U+9452

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 藍 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
| 儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 覽 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
| 擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
| 纜 | *ɡ·raːms |
| 監 | *kraːm, *kraːms |
| 礛 | *kraːm |
| 鑑 | *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms |
| 艦 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 檻 | *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms |
| 壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 鹽 | *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàn (jian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kàm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaam$^3$
*** Yale: gaam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːm³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
*** Tâi-lô: kàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kam²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/
* Middle Chinese: ken, kaemH
Rime :
| Character | 鑒 | 鑒 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) | 銜 (149) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | II |
| Fanqie | 古賢切 | 格懺切 |
| Baxter | ken | kaemH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ken/ | /kˠam$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ken/ | /kᵚam$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɛn/ | /kam$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɛn/ | /kaɨm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ken/ | /kam$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kien/ | /kam$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kien/ | /kam$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiān | jiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gin$^1$ | gaam$^3$ |

### Definitions

鑒
* (bronze) mirror
* to inspect; to examine
* to reflect; to mirror
* to evaluate; to assess
* perceptiveness; vigilance
* reflection
* lesson; example; warning
    《德育古鑑》／《德育古鉴》 ― “Déyù Gǔ jiàn” ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (historical) large reflective basin for holding water or ice

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 鑑(かん) (kan)
* → Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli) (semantic loan)
** Mongolian: ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli) / толь (tolʹ)
** → Buryat: толи (toli) (semantic loan)
** → Khamnigan Mongol: толи (toli) (semantic loan)
** → Written Oirat: ᡐᡆᠯᡅ (toli) (semantic loan)
*** Kalmyk: толь (tolʹ)

### Compounds

* 世鑒 / 世鉴
* 丙鑒 / 丙鉴
* 主鑒 / 主鉴
* 乾鑒 / 干鉴
* 人鑒 / 人鉴
* 以往鑒來 / 以往鉴来
* 借鑒 / 借鉴 (jièjiàn)
* 倫鑒 / 伦鉴
* 俯鑒 / 俯鉴
* 偉鑒 / 伟鉴
* 偏鑒 / 偏鉴
* 儆鑒 / 儆鉴
* 儷鑒 / 俪鉴
* 內鑒 / 内鉴
* 公鑒 / 公鉴
* 冥鑒 / 冥鉴
* 冰鑒 / 冰鉴
* 前車之鑒 / 前车之鉴
* 前車可鑒 / 前车可鉴
* 前轍可鑒 / 前辙可鉴
* 前鑒 / 前鉴
* 取鑒 / 取鉴
* 可鑒 / 可鉴
* 台鑒 (táijiàn)
* 品鑒 / 品鉴 (pǐnjiàn)
* 商鑒 / 商鉴
* 器鑒 / 器鉴
* 圓鑒 / 圆鉴
* 垂鑒 / 垂鉴
* 大鑒 / 大鉴 (dàjiàn)
* 宸鑒 / 宸鉴
* 審鑒 / 审鉴
* 尊鑒 / 尊鉴
* 崇鑒 / 崇鉴
* 幽鑒 / 幽鉴
* 引以為鑒 / 引以为鉴 (yǐnyǐwéijiàn)
* 彝鑒
* 往鑒 / 往鉴
* 徹鑒 / 彻鉴
* 惠鑒 / 惠鉴
* 情鑒 / 情鉴
* 慧鑒 / 慧鉴
* 憐鑒 / 怜鉴
* 懿鑒 / 懿鉴
* 成鑒 / 成鉴
* 戒鑒 / 戒鉴
* 明鑒 / 明鉴
* 明鑒萬里 / 明鉴万里
* 昭鑒 / 昭鉴
* 智鑒 / 智鉴
* 有鑒於此 / 有鉴于此 (yǒujiànyúcǐ)
* 朗鑒 / 朗鉴
* 標鑒 / 标鉴
* 機鑒 / 机鉴
* 歆鑒 / 歆鉴
* 止鑒 / 止鉴
* 殷鑒 (yīnjiàn)
* 殷鑒不遠 / 殷鉴不远 (yīnjiànbùyuǎn)
* 水鑒 / 水鉴
* 永鑒 / 永鉴
* 油光可鑒 / 油光可鉴
* 洞鑒 / 洞鉴
* 洞鑒古今 / 洞鉴古今
* 深鑒 / 深鉴
* 清鑒 / 清鉴
* 淵鑒 / 渊鉴
* 澄鑒 / 澄鉴
* 炯鑒 / 炯鉴
* 照鑒 / 照鉴
* 燕鑒 / 燕鉴
* 玄鑒 / 玄鉴
* 理鑒 / 理鉴
* 申鑒 / 申鉴
* 皇鑒 / 皇鉴
* 省鑒 / 省鉴
* 睿鑒
* 矜鑒 / 矜鉴
* 知人之鑒 / 知人之鉴
* 知往鑒今 / 知往鉴今
* 神人鑒知 / 神人鉴知
* 神鑒 / 神鉴
* 禮鑒 / 礼鉴
* 窮鑒 / 穷鉴
* 簡鑒 / 简鉴
* 精悟玄鑒 / 精悟玄鉴
* 精鑒 / 精鉴
* 緬鑒 / 缅鉴
* 考鑒 / 考鉴
* 耳鑒 / 耳鉴
* 聖鑒 / 圣鉴
* 聰鑒 / 聪鉴
* 自鑒 / 自鉴
* 至鑒 / 至鉴
* 臺鑒 / 台鉴
* 芳鑒 / 芳鉴
* 英鑒 / 英鉴
* 藻鑒 / 藻鉴
* 螢鑒 / 萤鉴
* 衡鑒 / 衡鉴
* 裁鑒 / 裁鉴
* 覆車之鑒 / 覆车之鉴
* 規鑒 / 规鉴
* 訓鑒 / 训鉴
* 識鑒 / 识鉴
* 資鑒 / 资鉴
* 賞鑒 / 赏鉴
* 辰鑒 / 辰鉴
* 追鑒 / 追鉴
* 通鑒 / 通鉴 (Tōngjiàn)
* 達鑒 / 达鉴
* 道鑒 / 道鉴
* 遠鑒 / 远鉴
* 郗鑒愛 / 郗鉴爱
* 金鑒 / 金鉴
* 鈞鑒 / 钧鉴
* 鏡鑒 / 镜鉴
* 鑒別 / 鉴别 (jiànbié)
* 鑒定 / 鉴定 (jiàndìng)
* 鑒定人 / 鉴定人
* 鑒察 / 鉴察 (jiànchá)
* 鑒往知來 / 鉴往知来
* 鑒戒 / 鉴戒 (jiànjiè)
* 鑒於 / 鉴于 (jiànyú)
* 鑒核 / 鉴核 (jiànhé)
* 鑒核備查 / 鉴核备查
* 鑒毛辨色 / 鉴毛辨色
* 鑒諒 / 鉴谅
* 鑒識 / 鉴识 (jiànshí)
* 鑒貌辨色 / 鉴貌辨色
* 鑒賞 / 鉴赏 (jiànshǎng)
* 降鑒 / 降鉴
* 陽鑒 / 阳鉴
* 雅鑒 / 雅鉴
* 電鑒 / 电鉴
* 霽鑒 / 霁鉴
* 靈鑒 / 灵鉴
* 青鑒 / 青鉴
* 鞶鑒 / 鞶鉴
* 領鑒 / 领鉴
* 風鑒 / 风鉴
* 高鑒 / 高鉴
* 魂鑒 / 魂鉴
* 龜鑒 / 龟鉴 (guījiàn)

### References

* “鑒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: かがみ (kagami)、かんがみる (kangamiru, 鑒みる)

### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 鑒 – see the following entry. :
| 【鑑かがみ】S | [noun] an example, exemplar, model, pattern [proper noun] a surname |
| 【鑑かん】S | [noun] a kind of ancient Chinese bronzeware [noun] an example, exemplar, model, pattern [affix] example, exemplar [affix] model, pattern [affix] inspect, examine [affix] evaluate |
(This term, 鑒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

鑒 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam))
* Alternative form of 鑑 (“hanja form of 감 (“mirror; inspection”)”)

### References

* Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 1.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鑒: Hán Nôm readings: giám, gương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.