OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ülkü
## Turkish
### Etymology

From Kipchak ilkü (“arrow target”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *il- (“to catch, to get”), Ottoman Turkish اولكو.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ülkü (definite accusative ülküyü, plural ülküler)
* (archaic) utopia
* (dated) ideal
    Synonyms: mefkûre, ideal

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
ülkü
ülküler
definite accusative
ülküyü
ülküleri
dative
ülküye
ülkülere
locative
ülküde
ülkülerde
ablative
ülküden
ülkülerden
genitive
ülkünün
ülkülerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
ülküm
ülkülerim
2nd singular
ülkün
ülkülerin
3rd singular
ülküsü
ülküleri
1st plural
ülkümüz
ülkülerimiz
2nd plural
ülkünüz
ülküleriniz
3rd plural
ülküleri
ülküleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
ülkümü
ülkülerimi
2nd singular
ülkünü
ülkülerini
3rd singular
ülküsünü
ülkülerini
1st plural
ülkümüzü
ülkülerimizi
2nd plural
ülkünüzü
ülkülerinizi
3rd plural
ülkülerini
ülkülerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
ülküme
ülkülerime
2nd singular
ülküne
ülkülerine
3rd singular
ülküsüne
ülkülerine
1st plural
ülkümüze
ülkülerimize
2nd plural
ülkünüze
ülkülerinize
3rd plural
ülkülerine
ülkülerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
ülkümde
ülkülerimde
2nd singular
ülkünde
ülkülerinde
3rd singular
ülküsünde
ülkülerinde
1st plural
ülkümüzde
ülkülerimizde
2nd plural
ülkünüzde
ülkülerinizde
3rd plural
ülkülerinde
ülkülerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
ülkümden
ülkülerimden
2nd singular
ülkünden
ülkülerinden
3rd singular
ülküsünden
ülkülerinden
1st plural
ülkümüzden
ülkülerimizden
2nd plural
ülkünüzden
ülkülerinizden
3rd plural
ülkülerinden
ülkülerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
ülkümün
ülkülerimin
2nd singular
ülkünün
ülkülerinin
3rd singular
ülküsünün
ülkülerinin
1st plural
ülkümüzün
ülkülerimizin
2nd plural
ülkünüzün
ülkülerinizin
3rd plural
ülkülerinin
ülkülerinin
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
ülküyüm
ülkülerim
2nd singular
ülküsün
ülkülersin
3rd singular
ülkü ülküdür
ülküler ülkülerdir
1st plural
ülküyüz
ülküleriz
2nd plural
ülküsünüz
ülkülersiniz
3rd plural
ülküler
ülkülerdir :

#### Derived terms

* ülkücü
* ülkücülük
* ülküdaş
* ülküdaşlık
* ülküleştirilmek
* ülküleştirmek

### Further reading

* “ülkü”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “ülkü”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
# 拉姆安拉
## Chinese

| | | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic | phonetic |
| trad. (拉姆安拉) | trad. (拉姆安拉) | 拉 | 姆 | 安 | 拉 |
| simp. $^#$(拉姆安拉) | simp. $^#$(拉姆安拉) | 拉 | 姆 | 安 | 拉 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Lāmǔ'ānlā
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˇ ㄢ ㄌㄚ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Lāmǔ'ānlā
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˇ ㄢ ㄌㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Lamǔ-anla
*** Wade–Giles: La$^1$-mu$^3$-an$^1$-la$^1$
*** Yale: Lā-mǔ-ān-lā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Lhamuuanlha
*** Palladius: Ламу’аньла (Lamu’anʹla)
*** Sinological IPA : /lä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

拉姆安拉
* (chiefly Mainland China) Ramallah (a city in Palestine)

#### Synonyms

* 拉馬拉／拉马拉 (Lāmǎlā)
# gealgan
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjæ͜ɑl.ɡɑn/, [ˈjæ͜ɑɫ.ɣɑn]

### Noun

ġealgan
* inflection of ġealga:
** accusative/genitive/dative singular
** nominative/accusative plural
# არასტაბილური
## Georgian
### Etymology

From არა- (ara-, “un-, non-”) +‎ სტაბილური (sṭabiluri, “stable”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aɾastʼabiɫuɾi]
* Hyphenation: არას‧ტა‧ბი‧ლუ‧რი

### Adjective

არასტაბილური • (arasṭabiluri) (comparative უფრო არასტაბილური, superlative ყველაზე არასტაბილური)
* unstable, volatile
# llagar
## Asturian
### Etymology

Cognate with Spanish lagar, Galician lagar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʎaˈɡaɾ/ [ʎaˈɣ̞aɾ]

### Noun

llagar m (plural llagares)
* a vat in which grapes or apples are pressed for the production of wine or cider
* building or construction which contains this vat
** José Caveda y Nava:
    Con pan tienru e na masera / y sidre aneya en llagar / bona llacuada t’espera / y bon sabrosu pasar.

### References

* “llagar” in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana. Xosé Lluis García Arias. →ISBN.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin plagāre. Doublet of plagar.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʝaˈɡaɾ/ [ɟ͡ʝaˈɣ̞aɾ]
* IPA: (most of Spain and Latin America) /ʝaˈɡaɾ/ [ɟ͡ʝaˈɣ̞aɾ]
* IPA: (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /ʎaˈɡaɾ/ [ʎaˈɣ̞aɾ]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /ʃaˈɡaɾ/ [ʃaˈɣ̞aɾ]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ʒaˈɡaɾ/ [ʒaˈɣ̞aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: lla‧gar

### Verb

llagar (first-person singular present llago, first-person singular preterite llagué, past participle llagado)
* (transitive) to wound

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Related terms

* llaga

### Further reading

* “llagar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# labërgoj
## Albanian
### Etymology

A derivative of an unattested *lapërkë, based on lapër.

### Verb

labërgoj (aorist labërgova, participle labërguar)
* (transitive) to undo, untie

#### Conjugation

* Show compound tenses:

#### Related terms

* labërkoj

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “labërgoj”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 209

### Further reading

* “labërgoj”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
# facility maintenance
## English
### Noun

facility maintenance (plural facility maintenances)
* Actions performed to keep a commercial building in service
* A department of an organization responsible for facility maintenance activities

#### Synonyms

* facility management
# uzbekiskākajiem
## Latvian
### Adjective

uzbekiskākajiem
* definite dative/instrumental masculine plural of uzbekiskāks
# oyez
## English
### Alternative forms

* oyes

### Etymology

From Middle English oyes, from Old French oyez, the imperative plural of oir (“hear; listen”), from Latin audīre.
Commonly folk-etymologized as (and pronounced homophonously to) O + yes in the early modern period.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈəʊˌjeɪ/, IPA: /oʊˈjeɪ/, IPA: /oʊˈjɛs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /oʊˈjeɪ/
* Rhymes: -eɪ, (UK) -ɛs
* Hyphenation: o‧yez

### Interjection

oyez
* Hear ye. Attend. (Called by public criers or in court usually three times to secure silence and/or attentiveness).

#### Usage notes

* It is still used in the United States Supreme Court, similar to calling “order”, and in many state supreme courts, though some lower courts have dropped its use.

### Noun

oyez (plural oyezes)
* A cry of "oyez".

### Verb

oyez (no third-person singular simple present, no present participle, no simple past or past participle)
* (transitive, rare) To proclaim with a cry of "oyez".
** 1599, [Thomas] Nashe, Nashes Lenten Stuffe, […], London: […] [Thomas Judson and Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and C[uthbert] B[urby] […], →OCLC, page 3:I truſte you make no queſtion about thoſe dull pated pennifathers, that in ſuch dudgen ſcorne reiected him, drunck deep of the ſowre cup of repentance for it, when the high flight of his lines in common brute was ooyeſſed.

### References

* Webster's International Dictionary: 1902.
* Concise Oxford: 1981.

### Anagrams

* Yezo, Zoey

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.je/, /wa.je/

### Verb

oyez
* second-person plural imperative of ouïr

## Old French
### Alternative forms

* oiez
* oez

### Verb

oyez
* second-person plural present indicative of oir
* second-person plural imperative of oir
# djalë
## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *dela, from *dʰeh₁-l-os, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-l- (compare Latvian dêls (“son”), Latin filius (“son”), Old English delu (“teat”), Old Armenian դալ (dal)), from *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck”). Originally a neuter noun, as it appears in Buzuku's Meshari.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(ˈ)djal(ə)/

### Noun

djalë m (plural djem, definite djali, definite plural djemtë)
* boy
    Vëllai i saj është një djalë shumë joshës.
       Her brother is a very charming guy.
** 2011, Liria Dedvukaj, S'më Meriton, Max Production:Me ty o djalë sa netet kalovaWith you, oh boy, how many nights did I pass

#### Derived terms

* djalëria

### References

* ↑ Jared Klein, Brian Joseph, Matthias Fritz, Handbook of Comparative Historical Indo-European Linguistics, 2018, Berlin/Boston, page 1756

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* “djalë”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* Newmark, L. (1999) “djalë”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
# moʼ
## Tektiteko
### Noun

moʼ
* crow

## Yucatec Maya
### Noun

moʼ
* macaw
# uzbekiskākā
## Latvian
### Adjective

uzbekiskākā
* inflection of uzbekiskāks:
** locative masculine/feminine singular
** definite genitive masculine singular
** definite nominative/vocative feminine singular
# humiliate
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin humiliātus, perfect passive participle of humiliō (“to abase, humble”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from Latin humilis (“lowly, humble”), from humus (“ground; earth, soil”); see humble.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Verb

humiliate (third-person singular simple present humiliates, present participle humiliating, simple past and past participle humiliated)
* (transitive) To cause to be ashamed; to injure the dignity and self-respect of.
    Synonyms: debase, demean, disgrace, mortify, shame; see also Thesaurus:abash
* (transitive) To make humble; to lower in condition or status.
    Synonym: humble
    Antonyms: dignify, honor
* (transitive, sports, games) To defeat overwhelmingly.

#### Related terms

* humble
* humiliation
* humility

#### Further reading

* “humiliate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “humiliate”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /hu.mi.liˈaː.te/, [hʊmɪlʲiˈäːt̪ɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /u.mi.liˈa.te/, [umiliˈäːt̪e]

### Verb

humiliāte
* second-person plural present active imperative of humiliō
# gamy
## English
### Adjective

gamy (comparative more gamy, superlative most gamy)
* Alternative spelling of gamey
** 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 119, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:Such a funny, sporty, gamy, jesty, joky, hoky-poky lad, is the Ocean.

#### Derived terms

* gamily
* gaminess
# galgan
## Galician
### Verb

galgan
* third-person plural present indicative of galgar

## Gothic
### Romanization

galgan
* Romanization of 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌰𐌽

## Northern Sami
### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈkalːkan/

### Verb

galgan
* past indicative connegative of galgat

### Participle

galgan
* past participle of galgat

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɑl.ɡɑn/, [ˈɡɑɫ.ɣɑn]

### Noun

galgan
* inflection of galga:
** accusative/genitive/dative singular
** nominative/accusative plural
# siphonoglyph
## English
### Etymology

From siphono- (“tube”) +‎ Ancient Greek γλῠφή (glŭphḗ, “carving”).

### Noun

siphonoglyph (plural siphonoglyphs)
* A longitudinal flagellated chamber found in most cnidarians in the classes Scyphozoa and Anthozoa, extending from the mouth towards the coelenteron (body cavity).
# botella
## Aragonese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /boˈteʎa/
* Rhymes: -eʎa
* Syllabification: bo‧te‧lla

### Noun

botella f (plural botellas)
* bottle

### References

* Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “botella”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

## Asturian
### Noun

botella f (plural botelles)
* bottle

## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from French bouteille or via Spanish botella.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [buˈte.ʎə]
* IPA: (Balearic) [boˈte.ʎə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [boˈte.ʎa]

### Noun

botella f (plural botelles)
* wineskin
* bottle
    Synonym: ampolla
* flask
* type of bagpipes
    Synonyms: sac de gemecs, cornamusa

#### Derived terms

* boteller
* botellot
* embotellar

### Further reading

* “botella” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* botelha (reintegrationist)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /boˈtɛʎɐ/

### Noun

botella f (plural botellas)
* bottle
    Synonyms: limeta, libeta
    864 Malos demonios as leven unha botella sin viño , unha caixa sin tabaco e unha ola sin touciño.864 Evil demons take a bottle without wine, a box without tobacco and a bowl without bacon.

#### Derived terms

* embotellar

### Further reading

* “botella”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French bouteille, from Late Latin butticula, diminutive of buttis (“cask, barrel”). Doublet of botija. Cognate with English bottle.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /boˈteʝa/ [boˈt̪e.ʝa]
* IPA: (most of Spain and Latin America) /boˈteʝa/ [boˈt̪e.ʝa]
* IPA: (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /boˈteʎa/ [boˈt̪e.ʎa]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /boˈteʃa/ [boˈt̪e.ʃa]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /boˈteʒa/ [boˈt̪e.ʒa]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -eʝa
* Rhymes: -eʝa
* Rhymes: -eʎa
* Rhymes: -eʃa
* Rhymes: -eʒa
* Syllabification: bo‧te‧lla

### Noun

botella f (plural botellas)
* bottle
* tank (closed container for liquids or gases)

#### Derived terms

* abrebotellas m (“bottle opener”)
* blanca y en botella, leche
* botellazo m (“hit with a bottle”)
* botellero m (“crate”)
* botellín m (“(small) bottle; flask”)
* botellón m (“street binge drinking”)
* botillería f (“bottle shop, beverage store”)
* cuello de botella m (“bottleneck”)
* delfín nariz de botella
* embotellar (“to bottle”)

#### Related terms

* bota
* boto

#### Descendants

* → Bikol Central: botelya
** ⇒ Bikol Central: bote
* → Catalan: botella
* → Cebuano: botelya
* → Tagalog: botelya (dated)
** Tagalog: bote
* → Tetelcingo Nahuatl: botieya
* → Taos: butéyoną (+ -ną)
* → Yatzachi Zapotec: botey
* → Ye'kwana: joteya
* → Yogad: butelya
* → Yurok: poteya

### Further reading

* “botella”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

### Anagrams

* bellota
# грьчьскъ
## Old Church Slavonic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *grьčьskъ.

### Adjective

грьчьскъ • (grĭčĭskŭ)
* Greek
** from Vita Methodii, 1500110-1500130:
    прѣже же отъ оученикъ своихъ посажь дъва попꙑ скорописьцѧ зѣло, прѣложꙇ въ бръзѣ вьсѧ книгꙑ испълꙿнь, развѣ Макавѣи, отъ грьчьска ꙗзꙑка въ словѣньскъ.he first took from among his disciples two priests who were excellent scribes and translated quickly from the Greek language into Slavic all the Scriptures in full, save Maccabees.
* Byzantine

#### Related terms

* грькъ (grĭkŭ)
# uzbekiskākajās
## Latvian
### Adjective

uzbekiskākajās
* definite locative feminine plural of uzbekiskāks
# entr'ouïr
## French
### Alternative forms

* entrouïr

### Etymology

From entr’- +‎ ouïr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑ̃.tʁwiʁ/, /ɑ̃.tʁu.iʁ/
* Rhymes: -wiʁ

### Verb

entr’ouïr
* (rare, dated) to hear poorly

#### Conjugation

The forms beginning with oi-, oy-, or orr- are archaic.

#### Related terms

* auditif
* audition
* inouï
* inouïr
* ouïe
* reouïr

### References

* Dictionnaire de la langue française, Émile Littré (1872-1877)
# gangbang
## English
### Alternative forms

* gang bang, gang-bang

### Etymology

Compound of gang +‎ bang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡæŋ.bæŋ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

gangbang (plural gangbangs)
* (vulgar) An act of two or more people having sex with one person who is the focus of the sexual activity.
    Synonym: (slang, vulgar, chiefly attributive) tag team
    Hypernym: orgy
    Hyponym: reverse gangbang
    Meronym: tip drill
** 1964 [1957], Colin MacInnes, City of Spades, London: Penguin Books, pages 179–180:‘Man, that sure was some bum evening at Mr Vial's,’ he said. ‘I pulled out fast when I saw how it was shaping. They was having an orgy when I left, but me, I don't care for these pig-parties or gang-bangs whatsoever.’
* (vulgar) Synonym of gang rape
** 1956, Ian Fleming, chapter 13, in Diamonds Are Forever:One night the mob turned up in force and wrecked the joint. Left the girls alone, but had themselves a gang-bang with Tiffany. She was only sixteen at the time.
* (US, slang) An act of a street gang committing crimes as a group, such as attacking random people on the streets.

#### Derived terms

* blowbang
* gangbanger
* reverse gangbang

#### Translations
### Verb

gangbang (third-person singular simple present gangbangs, present participle gangbanging, simple past and past participle gangbanged)
* To participate in a gangbang.
    Coordinate terms: run a train, pull a train, ride the cock carousel
    We all got to gangbang the porn star.
* To belong to a gang; to commit criminal acts as part of a gang.
    It broke my heart to see him out there gangbanging.

#### Translations
### Further reading

* “gangbang n.”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present
* SexualDiversity.org (2014 October 4) “Definitions: Glossary of Sex and Sexuality Words”, in SexualDiversity.org‎, retrieved 21 March 2023
# كیلومتره
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* كیلومترو

### Etymology

From French kilomètre.

### Noun

كیلومتره • (kilometre)
* kilometer
    1894, Şemseddin Sâmi, Kamus-ül Âlâm, volume 4, page 2403:۲۰۰ کیلومتره‌لك مسافه قطع ایتدكدن صكره، زاب اعلا منصندن ٧٠ کیلومتره آشاغیده و بغداد ولایتی حدودنده دجله‌یه منصب اولور.200 kilometrelik mesafe kıt ettikten soñra, Zab-ı i'la münsabından 70 kilometre aşağıda ve Bağdad vilayeti hududında Dicle'ye münsab olurur.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* كیلومتره‌لك (kilometrelik)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kilometre

### Further reading

* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), “kilometre”, in The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN, page 665
# muddier
## English
### Etymology 1

Comparative form of muddy

#### Adjective

muddier
* Comparative form of muddy: more muddy.
** 2025 March 5, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Remembering Brunel's timber viaducts”, in RAIL, number 1030, page 57:Brunel took a site-specific approach - for example, using stone piers for many of the longer and loftier spans, but timber piles for muddier environs that called for lighter-weight structures.

### Etymology 2

From muddy +‎ -er (agentive suffix).

#### Noun

muddier (plural muddiers)
* One who muddies or obscures something.
** 1997, Charles Manning Hope Clark, Speaking Out of Turn: Lectures and Speeches, 1940-1991, page 33:These people will be standing on entrenched ground; they will not be distracted or seduced by the trivialisers, or the muddiers of the waters. Above all, those who care, including you, will be watching to see the direction of the great river of life.
# mùszec
## Kashubian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish musieć.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmwu.ʃɛt͡s/
* Rhymes: -uʃɛt͡s
* Syllabification: mù‧szec

### Verb

mùszec impf
* (intransitive, auxiliary) to have to, to need to, must expresses obligation
* (intransitive, auxiliary) to have to, to need to, must expresses desire

### Further reading

* Stefan Ramułt (1893) “mušec”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 109
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “musieć”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎, volume 1, page 1092
* “mùszec”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

## Slovincian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish musieć.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmy.ʃɛt͡s/
* Rhymes: -yʃɛt͡s
* Syllabification: mù‧szec

### Verb

mùszec impf
* (auxiliary) to have to, to need to, must

#### Derived terms

* przëmùszec pf, przëmùszac impf
* wmùszec pf, wmùszac impf
* zmùszec pf, zmùszac impf

### Further reading

* Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “mʉ̃šĕc”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch‎ (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 678
# ruderal
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from New Latin rūderālis, from Latin rūdus (“rubble”).

### Noun

ruderal (plural ruderals)
* (botany) Any plant growing in rubbish or very poor soil
* (botany) A plant tending to volunteer in disturbed soil.

### Adjective

ruderal (comparative more ruderal, superlative most ruderal)
* (botany) That grows in rubbish or poor soil
** 2011, John Jeremiah Sullivan, Pulphead:Rafinesque perfected his variant of this honorable philosophy while botanizing in the literal backyards of my childhood, examining ruderal plants I've known all my life, and so I have appropriated it from him, with minor tweaks.

#### Coordinate terms

* agrestic

#### Related terms

* ruderalise

#### Translations
## Catalan
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from New Latin ruderalis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ru.ðəˈɾal]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ru.ðeˈɾal]

### Adjective

ruderal m or f (masculine and feminine plural ruderals)
* ruderal

### Further reading

* “ruderal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Spanish
### Adjective

ruderal m or f (masculine and feminine plural ruderales)
* ruderal

### Further reading

* “ruderal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# гръцки
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *grьčьskъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡrɤt͡ski]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

гръ́цки • (grǎ́cki)
* Greek

#### Declension
### Noun

гръ́цки • (grǎ́cki) m
* (uncountable) Greek (language)

#### Related terms

* Гъ́рция (Gǎ́rcija)
* грък (grǎk), гърки́ня (gǎrkínja)

### References

* “гръцки”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “гръцки”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
# uzbekiskākos
## Latvian
### Adjective

uzbekiskākos
* inflection of uzbekiskāks:
** locative masculine plural
** definite accusative masculine plural