# totus
## Latin
### Etymology 1

Uncertain. Perhaps related to Oscan 𐌕𐌏𐌖𐌕𐌏 (touto, “community, city-state”), Umbrian 𐌕𐌏𐌕𐌀𐌌 (totam, “tribe”, acc.), from Proto-Italic *toutā (“people; populace, citizenship”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈtoː.tus/, [ˈt̪oːt̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔːt̪us]
* Hyphenation: to‧tus

#### Adjective

tōtus (feminine tōta, neuter tōtum); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal)
* whole, all, entire, total, complete, every part
    Synonym: cūnctus
* all together, all at once

##### Usage notes

* In separating totus from omnis, it may be useful to remember Quintilian's sentence (Ins.Or.8.3.70): "minus est tamen tōtum dīcere, quam omnia" ("It is less to say the whole, than all the parts.").

##### Declension

First/second-declension adjective (pronominal).

##### Derived terms

* pars prō tōtō
* Tēla Tōtīus Terrae
* tōtālis

##### Descendants

* Late Latin: tōttus
** Dalmatian:
*** tot
** Italo-Romance:
*** Corsican: tuttu
*** Italian: tutto
*** Neapolitan: tutto
*** Sicilian: tuttu
** Insular Romance:
*** Sardinian: tottu
** North Italian:
*** Gallo-Italic:
**** Lombard: tut, tucc pl
**** Piedmontese: tut, tüt
**** Romagnol: tot
*** Friulian: dut
*** Istriot: doûto
*** Ladin: dut
*** Romansch: tut, tot, tuot
*** Venetan: tuto, tut, dut
** Gallo-Romance:
*** Catalan: tot
*** Franco-Provençal: tot
*** Old French: tot (see there for further descendants)
*** Old Occitan: tot
**** Occitan: tot
** Ibero-Romance:
*** Aragonese: tot
* Balkan Romance: (if not via tōttus)
** Aromanian: tut, tot
** Istro-Romanian: tot
** Romanian: tot
* Ibero-Romance:
** Asturian: tou
** Old Galician-Portuguese: todo
*** Fala: tó
*** Galician: todo
*** Portuguese: todo, tudo (see there for further descendants)
** Spanish: todo
* Borrowings:
** → Interlingua: tote

##### See also

* integer
* omnis

#### References

* “tōtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “totus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* totus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the perfect harmony of the universe: totius mundi convenientia et consensus to spread over the whole body: per totum corpus diffundi to be at the beck and call of another; to be his creature: totum se fingere et accommodare ad alicuius arbitrium et nutum to devote oneself absolutely to the pursuit of pleasure: se totum voluptatibus dedere, tradere to devote oneself entirely to literature: se totum litteris tradere, dedere to be quite engrossed in literary studies: se totum in litteras or se litteris abdere to upset the whole system: totam rationem evertere (pass. iacet tota ratio) to love some one very dearly, with all one's heart: aliquem toto pectore, ut dicitur, amare (Leg. 18. 49) to put oneself entirely in some one's hands: totum se committere, tradere alicui to abandon oneself (entirely) to debauchery: se (totum) libidinibus dedere credit is low throughout Italy: fides tota Italia est angusta to devote oneself body and soul to the good of the state: totum et animo et corpore in salutem rei publicae se conferre
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 625

### Etymology 2

From tot (“so many”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔt̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔːt̪us]

#### Adjective

tŏtus (feminine tŏta, neuter tŏtum); first/second-declension adjective
* (very rare) so great a ——
    quotcumque pedum spatia facienda censueris, totam partem longitudinis et latitudinis ducesof however many feet you have determined the gaps are to be made, you will take as great a part of the length and breadth

##### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

##### Related terms

| type | demonstrative | demonstrative | demonstrative | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | indefinite | negative | other |
| type | proximal | medial | distal | anaphoric | identity | interrogative/ relative | relative | indefinite | free choice | universal | negative polarity | negative | other |
| basic | hic | iste, istic | ille, illic | is | ipse, īdem | quis/quī | quisquis, quīcumque | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam | quīvis, quīlibet | quisque | quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam | nēmō, nihil, nūllus | alius |
| dual | | | | | | uter | utercumque | alteruter | utervīs, uterlibet | uterque | | neuter | alter |
| place | hīc | istīc | illīc | ibī̆ | ibī̆dem | ubī̆ | ubiubi, ubī̆cumque | alicubī, uspiam | ubivīs, ubilibet | ubīque | usquam | nusquam, nūllibī | alibī, aliās |
| source | hinc | istinc | illinc | inde | indidem | unde | undecumque, undeunde | alicunde | °undelibet | undique | | | aliunde |
| destination | hūc, °hōrsum | istūc, °istōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | eō | eōdem | quō, quōrsum | quōquō, quōcumque | aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | quōvīs, quōlibet | | quōquam | nusquam, nūllōrsum | aliō, aliōrsum |
| method, means, path, place | hāc | istāc | illāc | eā | eādem | quā | quāquā, quācumque | aliquā | quāvīs, quālibet | quāque | | nēquāquam, haudquāquam | aliā |
| manner | hōc modō | istō modō | illō modō | ita, sīc, eō modō | item, itidem | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | quōmodolibet | utīque | ūllō modō | nūllō modō | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
| time | num, nunc | | ōlim | tum, tunc | simul | quandō, ‡cum | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | quondam, aliquandō | quandōlibet | quandōque | umquam | numquam | aliās |
| quantity | | | | tam | †tamen, †tandem | quam | †quamquam | aliquam | quamvīs, quamlibet | | | | |
| size | | | | tantus | tantusdem | quantus | quantuscumque | aliquantus | quantusvīs, quantuslibet | | | | |
| quality | | | | tālis | | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | aliquālis | quālislibet | | | | |
| number | | | | tot | totidem | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | aliquot | quotlibet | | | | |
| order | | | | totus | | quotus | quotuscumque | aliquotus | quotuslibet | | | | |
| repetition | | | | totiēns | | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | aliquotiēns | quotiēnslibet | | | | |
| multiplication | | | | totuplex | | quotuplex | | | | | | | |
| † Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative ||||||||||||||

#### References

* “tŏtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “totus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* totus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.