# brad
## English
### Etymology

Late Middle English brad, variant of brod(d), from Old Norse broddr (“spike, shaft”), from Proto-Germanic *bruzdaz (compare Old English brord, Old High German brort), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrusdʰos (compare Welsh brath (“sting, prick”), Albanian bredh (“fir-tree”), Lithuanian bruzdùklis (“bridle”), Czech brzda (“brake”). Doublet of prod.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /bɹad/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American, Received Pronunciation) IPA: /bɹæd/
* Rhymes: -æd

### Noun

brad (plural brads)
* A thin, small nail, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head, or occasionally with a small domed head, similar to that of an escutcheon pin.
** 1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber, published 2007, page 5:Into the middle arch of each desk silver-headed brads had been hammered to form a lion, a bear, a ram, a dove, and in the midst a flaming torch.
* (US, elementary school usage) A paper fastener, a fastening device formed of thin, soft metal, such as shim brass, with a round head and a flat, split shank, which is spread after insertion in a hole in a stack of pages, in much the same way as a cotter pin or a split rivet.

#### Derived terms

* bradawl

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

brad (third-person singular simple present brads, present participle bradding, simple past and past participle bradded)
* (transitive) To attach using a brad.
* (transitive) To upset the end of a rod inserted in a hole so as to prevent it from being pulled out, as when riveting.

### Anagrams

* Bard, darb, bard, drab, BARD

## Aromanian
### Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Old Albanian *bradh (modern bredh), or alternatively a substrate cognate of it, and ultimately from an Indo-European source either way (a borrowing directly from modern Albanian would have presumably produced a form *brez).

### Noun

brad m (plural bradz)
* fir tree

#### Derived terms

* brãdic
* brãdet

#### See also

* ehlã/iehlã
* chin

## Bavarian
### Alternative forms

* broad (West Central Bavarian, South Central Bavarian)
* broat (Tyrol)

### Etymology

From Middle High German breit, from Old High German breit, from Proto-West Germanic *braid, from Proto-Germanic *braidaz. Cognates include German breit, Yiddish ברייט (breyt), Dutch breed, Old Norse breiðr, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (braiþs).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /b̥rɑːd̥/

### Adjective

brad (comparative brader, superlative braderstn) (East Central Bavarian, Carinthia, Vienna)
* broad, wide
* long (of a distance)

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbrat]

### Noun

brad f
* genitive plural of brada

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse bráð, from from Proto-Germanic *brēdô, cognate with German Braten.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈb̥ʁɑð], [ˈb̥ʁɑˀð]

#### Noun

brad c (singular definite braden, plural indefinite brade)
* (archaic) roast

##### Derived terms

* mørbrad

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse bráðr, from Proto-Germanic *brēþaz (“in a hurry”), cognate with Swedish bråd.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈb̥ʁɑˀð]

#### Adjective

brad (neuter bradt, plural and definite singular attributive brade)
* (archaic) sudden, quick

##### References

* “brad,2” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bˠɾˠad̪ˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish brat (“spoil, plunder, robbery”), perhaps ultimately related to the root of brath (“betrayal, deception”).

#### Noun

brad f (genitive singular braide)
* (literary) plunder

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
nominative
brad
vocative
a bhrad
genitive
braide
dative
brad braid (archaic, dialectal)
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative
an bhrad
genitive
na braide
dative
leis an mbrad leis an mbraid (archaic, dialectal) don bhrad don bhraid (archaic, dialectal) :

##### Derived terms

* bradach (“thieving; scoundrelly;”, adjective)
* bradach m (“thief, plunderer”)
* bradaí m (“pilferer, thief; person with prominent teeth”)
* bradaí f (“proneness to thieving”)
* bradaigh (“steal, pilfer; remove gently; steal away”, verb)
* bradaíl f (“(act of) thieving, pilfering; trespassing on crops”)
* bradóg f (“roguish woman”)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

brad (present analytic bradann, future analytic bradfaidh, verbal noun bradadh, past participle bradta)
* (ambitransitive) Alternative form of bradaigh (“steal, pilfer; remove gently; steal away”)

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | bradadh | bradadh | bradadh | bradadh | bradadh | bradadh | bradadh | bradadh |
| past participle | bradta | bradta | bradta | bradta | bradta | bradta | bradta | bradta |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | bradaim | bradann tú; bradair$^†$ | bradann sé, sí | bradaimid | bradann sibh | bradann siad; bradaid$^†$ | a bhradann; a bhradas / a mbradann* | bradtar |
| past | bhrad mé; bhradas | bhrad tú; bhradais | bhrad sé, sí | bhradamar; bhrad muid | bhrad sibh; bhradabhair | bhrad siad; bhradadar | a bhrad / ar bhrad* | bradadh |
| past habitual | bhradainn / mbradainn‡‡ | bhradtá / mbradtá‡‡ | bhradadh sé, sí / mbradadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhradaimis; bhradadh muid / mbradaimis‡‡; mbradadh muid‡‡ | bhradadh sibh / mbradadh sibh‡‡ | bhradaidís; bhradadh siad / mbradaidís‡‡; mbradadh siad‡‡ | a bhradadh / a mbradadh* | bhradtaí / mbradtaí‡‡ |
| future | bradfaidh mé; bradfad | bradfaidh tú; bradfair$^†$ | bradfaidh sé, sí | bradfaimid; bradfaidh muid | bradfaidh sibh | bradfaidh siad; bradfaid$^†$ | a bhradfaidh; a bhradfas / a mbradfaidh* | bradfar |
| conditional | bhradfainn / mbradfainn‡‡ | bhradfá / mbradfá‡‡ | bhradfadh sé, sí / mbradfadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhradfaimis; bhradfadh muid / mbradfaimis‡‡; mbradfadh muid‡‡ | bhradfadh sibh / mbradfadh sibh‡‡ | bhradfaidís; bhradfadh siad / mbradfaidís‡‡; mbradfadh siad‡‡ | a bhradfadh / a mbradfadh* | bhradfaí / mbradfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go mbrada mé; go mbradad$^†$ | go mbrada tú; go mbradair$^†$ | go mbrada sé, sí | go mbradaimid; go mbrada muid | go mbrada sibh | go mbrada siad; go mbradaid$^†$ | — | go mbradtar |
| past | dá mbradainn | dá mbradtá | dá mbradadh sé, sí | dá mbradaimis; dá mbradadh muid | dá mbradadh sibh | dá mbradaidís; dá mbradadh siad | — | dá mbradtaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | bradaim | brad | bradadh sé, sí | bradaimis | bradaigí; bradaidh$^†$ | bradaidís | — | bradtar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “brad”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 brat”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Megleno-Romanian
### Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Old Albanian *bradh (modern bredh), or alternatively a substratum cognate of it, and ultimately from an Indo-European source either way (a borrowing directly from modern Albanian would have presumably produced a form *brez).

### Noun

brad
* fir tree

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *braid.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brɑːd/

### Adjective

brād (comparative brādre, superlative brādost)
* wide, broad
** late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
    [Wiht] is þrittiġes mīla lang ēast ⁊ west, ⁊ twelf mīla brād sūð ⁊ norð.[Wight] is thirty miles long east-to-west and twelve miles wide north-to-south.

#### Synonyms

* wīd

#### Derived terms

* brādnes
* brǣdu

#### Descendants

* Middle English: brod, brode, brood
** English: broad
** Scots: braid
** Yola: brode

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *braud, from Proto-Germanic *braudą. Cognates include Old English brēad, Old Saxon brōd and Old Dutch *brōd.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbraːd/

### Noun

brād n
* bread

#### Descendants

* North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: braud
    Karrharder: brüdj
    Helgoland: Brooad
    Mooring: brüüdj
    Nordergoesharder: bruud
    Sylt: Bruar
    Wiedingharder: bruuid
* Saterland Frisian: Brood
* West Frisian: brea

#### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Old Albanian *bradh (modern Albanian bredh), or alternatively a substrate cognate of it, and ultimately from an Indo-European source either way (a borrowing directly from modern Albanian would have presumably produced a form *brez).
Another theory suggests that it was reformed analogically from the plural brazi, and that the original form was *braz (reinterpreted as a plural, modeled on plurals such as coadă > cozi, pradă > prăzi, surd, > surzi). See also the Romanian alpine toponyms containing Breaza, which may correspond to the Albanian plural form bredha. Compare also Aromanian brad.

### Noun

brad m (plural brazi)
* fir, Abies alba.
* pine tree.
* pine wood.

#### Derived terms

* brădet
* brădiș
* brădănaș
* brădeț
* brădioară
* brădișcan
* brădișor
* brăducean
* brădui
* brăduiac
* brăduleț
* brădușcan
* brădușor
* brăduț
* Bradu
* Brazi
* Brazii
* Brazii de Jos
* Brazii de Sus
* Brădățel
* Brădeana
* Brădeanca
* Brădeanu
* Brădeni
* Brădișor
* Dealu Bradului
* Dragu-Brad
* Fântâna Brazilor
* Lunca Bradului
* Slobozia Bradului
* Valea Bradului
* Valea Brazilor

### See also

* pin

### References

* ↑ brad in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
* ↑ https://dexonline.ro/articol/Despre_leg%C4%83turile_rom%C3%A2nei_cu_albaneza

### Further reading

* brad in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Clipping and pronunciation spelling of English brother. Doublet of prayle.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈbɾad/ [ˈbɾad̪̚]
* Rhymes: -ad
* Syllabification: brad

### Noun

brad (Baybayin spelling ᜊ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔)
* (familiar) comrade; peer; buddy (used in addressing between male peers)
    Synonyms: (usually informal) kabarkada, kaibigan, (usually informal) katropa, (usually informal) kumpare, (informal) dabarkads, (slang) pards, (informal) pare, (informal) pre, (informal) tropa, (colloquial) tropatuts, (slang, colloquial) tsong, (usually informal) utol

### Further reading

* “brad”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Volapük
### Etymology

Borrowed from French bras.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /brad/

### Noun

brad (nominative plural brads)
* arm

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh brat, from Proto-Brythonic *brad, from Proto-Celtic *mratom.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /braːd/
* Rhymes: -aːd

### Noun

brad m (usually uncountable, plural bradau or bradiau)
* treason
* treachery
    Synonym: bradychiad

#### Derived terms

* bradu, bradychu (“to betray”)
* bratbwll (“pitfall”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “brad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies