# cinis
## Latin
### Alternative forms

* ciner (m or f), cinus (n, uncommon)
* cines, cenis (Late Latin)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“dust, ashes”). Akin to Ancient Greek κόνις (kónis, “dust, ash”), Sanskrit कण (kaṇa, “particle, small grain of dust or rice”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈki.nis/, [ˈkɪnɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃi.nis/, [ˈt͡ʃiːnis]

### Noun

cinis m or f (genitive cineris); third declension
* cold ashes
* (figuratively) ruins of a burned city

#### Usage notes

The word cinis is used for cold, heavy ashes, while favilla is used for glowing, light ashes (cinders).

#### Declension

Third-declension noun.

#### Related terms

* cinefactus
* cinerāceus
* cinerārius
* cinerēscō
* cinereus
* cinericius
* cinerōsus
* ciniflō
* concinerātus
* dēcinerātus
* dēcinerēscō
* succinerīcius

#### Descendants

From cinis, cinerem:
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Italian: cenere
** Neapolitan: cennere, cendre, cegnere
** Sicilian: cìnniri
    Calabrese: cìnnara, cìnnari
** Tuscan and Central Italian: cenere, cendere
** Venetan: sènare
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Romansch: tschendra
* Gallo-Italic:
** Emilian: sendra, sanar
** Ligurian: çénie, çènia, çènre, çène
** Lombard: sendra, sener, sender
** Piedmontese: sënner, sënre, sëner, sëndre
** Romagnol: sendre, sendra
* Northern Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: cindra
** Old French: cendre
*** Bourguignon: çarre
*** French: cendre
*** Lorrain: cent
*** Norman: chendre (Jersey, Guernsey)
*** Picard: chaine
*** Walloon: cinde
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: cendra, cenra, cendre
** Old Occitan: cendre, cenre
*** Occitan: cendre, cendra (most dialects)
    Gascon: céner, cena, cièr
    Languedocien: cenre
    Vivaro-Alpine: cindra
*** → Old Spanish: cendra
From cinisiam or cinusiam:
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: chigina, chisina
* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: cinushi, cinushe, tsinushã
** Istro-Romanian: țerușe
** Megleno-Romanian: ciănușă, cinușă, tșănușă
** Romanian: cenușă
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Corsican: cianugia
** Dalmatian: canaisa
** Italian: cinigia, cinice
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: cinise
* Gallo-Italic:
** Piedmontese: sënisia, sinisia
* Southern Gallo-Romance:
** Occitan: cenisa
    ⇒ Limousin: cenís
    ⇒ Vivaro-Alpine: chanís
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: cenisa
** Asturian: ceniza
** Old Galician-Portuguese: cĩisa
*** Galician: cinza, cinsa
*** Portuguese: cinza
**** Kabuverdianu: sinza
**** Guinea-Bissau Creole: sinsa
** Spanish: ceniza
*** Papiamentu: shinishi

### See also

* favīlla

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cinis, -eris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 115

### Further reading

* “cinis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cinis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "cinis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cinis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Volapük
### Noun

cinis
* accusative plural of cin