# शरद्
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* शरत् (śarat)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शरद् (śarád), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts. Doublet of साल (sāl), a borrowing from Persian.

### Noun

शरद् • (śarad) f (Urdu spelling شرد)
* autumn, fall (specifically, the two months succeeding the summer monsoons)
    आनेवाला शरद् ऋतु बहुत ठंडा होगा।ānevālā śarad ŕtu bahut ṭhaṇḍā hogā.The coming autumn season will be very cold.

#### Synonyms

* पतझड़ (patjhaṛ)

### See also

Seasons in Hindi · ऋतु (ŕtu) (layout · text) · category :
| बसंत (basant), बहार (bahār, “spring”) | गर्मी (garmī), ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “summer”) | शरत् (śarat), शरद् (śarad, “autumn”) | सर्दी (sardī, “winter”) |

### References

* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शरद्”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “शरद्”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Sanskrit
### Alternative forms

* शरद (śarada), शरदा (śaradā)

### Alternative scripts

* শৰদ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬰᬭᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
* শরদ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰫𑰨𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀰𑀭𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* ၐရဒ် (Burmese script)
* શરદ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਸ਼ਰਦ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌶𑌰𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦯꦫꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂬𑂩𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಶರದ್ (Kannada script)
* ឝរទ៑ (Khmer script)
* ຨຣທ຺ (Lao script)
* ശരദ് (Malayalam script)
* ᡧᠠᡵᠠᡩ (Manchu script)
* 𑘫𑘨𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠱᠠᠷᠠᢑ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧋𑧈𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐱𑐬𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଶରଦ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢯꢬꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆯𑆫𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖫𑖨𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
* ශරද් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩿𑩼𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚧𑚤𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
* ஶரத்³ (Tamil script)
* శరద్ (Telugu script)
* ศรทฺ (Thai script)
* ཤ་ར་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒬𑒩𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨮𑨫𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHád- (“autumn, year”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁- (“to warm up, be hot”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar$^ə$δa, “year”), Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d /⁠θrda⁠/, “year”) (whence Persian سال (sâl, “year”)), as well as perhaps Latin caleō (“to be warm”) and Latvian silts (“warm”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɕɐ.ɾɐ́d/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɕɐ.ɾɐd̪/

### Noun

शरद् • (śarád) stem, f
* autumn, autumnal season comprising the two months अश्विन् (aśvin) and कार्त्तिक (kārttika)
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.161.4:शतं जीव शरदो वर्धमानः शतं हेमन्ताञ्छतमु वसन्तान्।śataṃ jīva śarado vardhamānaḥ śataṃ hemantāñchatamu vasantān.Live, waxing in thy strength, a hundred autumns, live through a hundred springs, a hundred winters.
* a year
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.24.7:अयं द्योतयदद्युतो व्यक्तून्दोषा वस्तोः शरद इन्दुरिन्द्र । इमं केतुमदधुर्नू चिदह्नां शुचिजन्मन उषसश्चकार ॥ayaṃ dyotayadadyuto vyaktūndoṣā vastoḥ śarada indurindra. imaṃ ketumadadhurnū cidahnāṃ śucijanmana uṣasaścakāra.This Indu lighted darksome nights, O Indra, throughout the years, at morning and at evening. Him have they stablished as the days' bright ensign. He made the Mornings to be born in splendour.

#### Descendants

* Assamese: শৰৎ (xorot)
* Bengali: শরৎ (śorot)
* Pali: sarada
** Khmer: សរទៈ (saʼraʼtĕəʼ)
* Dardic:
** Kalasha: šáru
** Kashmiri: ہَرُد (harud)
** Khowar: شورو (šoró)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀭𑀬 (saraya)
* Pali: sarada
* → Hindi: शरद् (śarad), शरत् (śarat) (literary borrowing)
* → Telugu: శరత్తు (śarattu)

### See also

Seasons in Sanskrit · ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) (layout · text) · category :
| कुसुमाकर (kusumākara, “spring”) | ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “summer”) | शरद् (śarad, “autumn”) | हिम (hima, “winter”) |

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “शरद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1057.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 616
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 304