# 需

| 需 | U+9700, &#38656; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9700 |
| ← 雿 [U+96FF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 霁 → [U+9701] |

## Translingual
### Han character

需 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一月一月中 (MBMBL), four-corner 1022$_7$, composition ⿱⻗而)

#### Derived characters

* 儒, 嚅, 壖, 嬬, 孺, 嶿, 𢐰, 懦, 擩, 濡, 獳, 隭, 曘, 檽, 𭮥, 燸, 㹘, 瓀, 臑, 㽭, 𥀭, 𥌎, 𥎘, 𥐎, 礝, 𥜗, 穤, 䇕, 襦, 糯, 繻(𦈡), 羺, 蠕, 譳(𰶌), 䞕, 𫏧, 轜, 醹, 𥤃, 鑐(𰿂), 𩍥, 𫗜, 𩪰, 鱬(𱈗), 𪎱
* 𩆟, 𩴶, 𠟺, 𠧍, 𥀫, 𩆊, 䨲, 顬(颥), 𠣉, 䰰, 薷, 䰑, 𤻪, 𪋯, 𨷘, 𪴠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1373, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42275
* Dae Jaweon: page 1883, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4062, character 2
* Unihan data for U+9700

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 需 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 羺 | *noː |
| 獳 | *noː |
| 擩 | *noːs, *njoʔ, *njos, *njul, *njod |
| 譳 | *noːs |
| 懦 | *noːls, *njo |
| 糯 | *noːls |
| 需 | *sno |
| 繻 | *sno, *njo |
| 鑐 | *sno |
| 儒 | *njo |
| 濡 | *njo, *noːn |
| 襦 | *njo |
| 嚅 | *njo |
| 顬 | *njo |
| 鱬 | *njo |
| 嬬 | *njo |
| 臑 | *njo |
| 醹 | *njo, *njoʔ |
| 蠕 | *njo |
| 孺 | *njos |
In bronze inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): a person (天) under the rain (雨) – "to wait until the rain is over; to get wet", original character of 濡. The component 天 corrupted into 而 during the Han dynasty.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xū (xu$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sî
    (Hailu, HRS): si$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̆
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sy$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): su / si
    (Teochew, Peng'im): su$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shiu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xū
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syu
*** Wade–Giles: hsü$^1$
*** Yale: syū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
*** Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seoi$^1$
*** Yale: sēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵy̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: si$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /sy⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sy$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬy⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
*** Tâi-lô: su
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sw
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /su³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /su⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
*** Tâi-lô: si
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: su$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: su
*** Sinological IPA : /su³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$shiu
*** MiniDict: shiu$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$xy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕy⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: sju
Rime :
| Character | 需 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 相俞切 |
| Baxter | sju |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sio/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sio/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /suə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /sio/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seoi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-no/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sno/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 需 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sju › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-no/ |
| English | wait |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 需 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13966 |
| Phonetic component | 需 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 須 |
| Old Chinese | /*sno/ |
| Notes | 說文而聲，甲金文象人受淋， 爲濡初文，本從大非而，隸變爲需耎而下而 |

### Definitions

需
* to await
* to need; to require
* necessaries; necessities
* should; ought to; must
* fifth hexagram of the I Ching

#### Usage notes

For the sense of "need", this word is frequently mistaken with 須／须 (xū). 需 is usually followed by a noun while 須／须 is usually followed by a verb or an adverb.

### Compounds

* 不時之需 / 不时之需 (bùshízhīxū)
* 不需要
* 些需
* 亟需
* 供需 (gōngxū)
* 供需失衡
* 供需失調 / 供需失调
* 各取所需 (gèqǔsuǒxū)
* 契需
* 少需
* 必需 (bìxū)
* 必需品 (bìxūpǐn)
* 急需 (jíxū)
* 按需分配 (ànxūfēnpèi)
* 摩厲以需 / 摩厉以需
* 毋需
* 濡需
* 無需 / 无需 (wúxū)
* 百需
* 相需
* 科需
* 罷需 / 罢需
* 要需
* 謙需 / 谦需
* 軍需 / 军需 (jūnxū)
* 邊需 / 边需
* 需勒
* 需少
* 需弱
* 需役
* 需才孔亟
* 需次
* 需款孔急
* 需求 (xūqiú)
* 需沙出穴
* 需滯 / 需滞
* 需用
* 需索
* 需緩 / 需缓
* 需要 (xūyào)
* 需銓 / 需铨
* 需雲 / 需云
* 需頭 / 需头

### References

* “需”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04476

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* demand
* request
* need

#### Readings

* Go-on: す (su)
* Kan-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan’yō-on: じゅ (ju, Jōyō)
* Kun: もとめる (motomeru, 需める)、ぬれる (nureru)、まつ (matsu)

## Korean
### Hanja

需 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

需: Hán Nôm readings: nhu
* need; necessity

#### Compounds

* 需求 (nhu cầu)
* 需要 (nhu yếu)
* 需要品 (nhu yếu phẩm)
* 需費 (nhu phí)

#### References

* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Trần (1999).