# ech
## Bergish

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### Alternative forms

* ek, ik

### Pronoun

ech
* I

## East Central German
### Alternative forms

* oech (Oberländisch High Prussian)
* öch (Breslau(i)sch High Prussian)

### Pronoun

ech
* (Oberländisch High Prussian) I (first person pronoun)
** E. Heinel, Erinnerungen. 2. Die Stadt Marienburg, in: 1849, Neue Preußische Provinzial-Blätter. Jahrgang 1849. Juli – December, Königsberg, p. 161ff., here p. 174, an example inside of a Standard High German text:
    Eine Probe dieses Dialekts wird seine Anmuth klar machen. Ein Schulknabe erhob bei seinem Lehrer, welcher zugleich Kantor an der evangelischen Kirche war, folgende Anklage; „Herr Kunterche (Kantorchen) de Junges soge emmer, ech hob dem Matzing (Metzing) saine Kraih (Krähe) gestohle!“
** 1881, August Schemionek, Ausdrücke und Redensarten der Elbingschen Mundart mit einem Anhange von Anekdoten dem Volke nacherzählt. Gesammelt und erklärt, Verlag von Theodor Bertling, Danzig, p. 49 (inside the section Proben der Elbingischen Mundart), an example beginning with Standard High German:
    Arzt: Nun Frau Vogelreuter, Sie haben mich rufen lassen, was fehlt Ihnen denn? „Na Herr Docter, oech wees je nich, esse ess oech, trinke trink oech, on schloafe schloaf oech och—man es romort mer so en de Kaldaunen.“—(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Esperanto
### Adverb

ech
* H-system spelling of eĉ

## Kalasha
### Noun

ech
* Alternative spelling of eč

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-Germanic *ik.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eχ/, [əɕ]
* Homophones: iech, Iech (unstressed only)

### Pronoun

ech
* first-person singular, nominative: I
    Ech liese gären. ― I like reading.

#### Declension
## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* eche, ich, iche, ych
* æch, ælc, ælch, elch, euch, ilch, illc, ulche (Early Middle English)
* elke, ilk, ylke (Northern)
* oeuch, uch, uche (West Midlands)

### Etymology

From Old English ǣlċ, a contraction of ǣġhwylċ (compare ewilch). For the loss of /l/, compare which, swich.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛːt͡ʃ/, /ɛt͡ʃ/
* (Northern) IPA: /it͡ʃ/, /ilk/

### Determiner

ech
* every (all of a group)
* each (all of a group, seen individually)
* (Early Middle English) any; at all
* (rare) All kinds of.

#### Descendants

* English: each
* Scots: ilk, elk
* Yola: earch

#### References

* “ēch, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Pronoun

ech
* each one
* every one

#### Descendants

* English: each
* Scots: ilk, elk

#### References

* “ēch, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Primitive Irish *ᚓᚊᚐᚄ (*eqas), from Proto-Celtic *ekʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognates include Latin equus, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Sanskrit अश्व (áśva) and Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ex/

### Noun

ech m (genitive eich, nominative plural eich)
* horse

#### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Synonyms

* marc

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: each
** Irish: each
** Manx: agh, eagh
** Scottish Gaelic: each

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛx/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛx
* Syllabification: ech

### Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

#### Interjection

ech
* argh! (used to express disappointment, despondence, or impatience)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

ech n
* genitive plural of echo

### Further reading

* ech in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ech in Polish dictionaries at PWN