# 昧

| 昧 | U+6627, &#26151; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6627 |
| ← 昦 [U+6626] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 昨 → [U+6628] |

## Translingual
### Han character

昧 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日十木 (AJD), four-corner 6509$_0$, composition ⿰日未)

#### Derived characters

* 𮦠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 493, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13846
* Dae Jaweon: page 857, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1497, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6627

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 寐 | *mids |
| 魅 | *mrɯds |
| 鬽 | *mrɯds |
| 昧 | *mɯːds |
| 妹 | *mɯːds |
| 眛 | *maːds, *mɯːds |
| 沬 | *maːds, *hmɯːds, *mɯds |
| 未 | *mɯds |
| 味 | *mɯds |
| 鮇 | *mɯds |
| 菋 | *mɯds |

### Etymology 1

Related to 昒 (OC *hmɯːd, *mɯd, “dawn”) (Schuessler, 2007).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mèi (mei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mui$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mi
* Eastern Min (BUC): muôi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bōe / mūi / māi / bī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): muê$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$me
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mèi
*** Wade–Giles: mei$^4$
*** Yale: mèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mey
*** Palladius: мэй (mɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /meɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mui$^6$
*** Yale: muih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mui$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mui$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mi
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: muôi
*** Sinological IPA : /mui²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōe
*** Tâi-lô: buē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boe
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bue²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bue⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mūi
*** Tâi-lô: muī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mui
*** IPA (Xiamen): /muĩ²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: māi
*** Tâi-lô: māi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mai
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mãi³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /mãi²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī
*** Tâi-lô: bī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bi
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bi²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: muê$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: muĕ
*** Sinological IPA : /mue³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$me
*** MiniDict: me$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$me
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /me²³/
* Middle Chinese: mwojH
Rime :
| Character | 昧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫佩切 |
| Baxter | mwojH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muoi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /muᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /muɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mui$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤ[u][t]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 昧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mwoj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁ[u][t]-s/ |
| English | dusk; dark |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 昧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12913 |
| Phonetic component | 未 |
| Rime group | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 妹 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯːds/ |

#### Definitions

昧
* ambiguous; unclear; equivocal
* ignorant; stupid; foolish
* to hide away; to conceal
* (literary) dark; gloomy
* (literary) twilight, dusk; dawn
* (literary) to venture; to risk
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to violate
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to covet; to be greedy for
* An ancient type of music in eastern tribes in ancient China.
* A star.

#### Compounds

* 一昧 (yīmèi)
* 一行三昧
* 三昧 (sānmèi)
* 三昧真火
* 不揣冒昧 (bùchuǎimàomèi)
* 個中三昧 / 个中三昧
* 兼弱攻昧
* 冒昧 (màomèi)
* 冒昧從事 / 冒昧从事
* 冥昧
* 夷昧
* 幽昧
* 得其三昧
* 念佛三昧
* 愚昧 (yúmèi)
* 愚昧無知 / 愚昧无知
* 拾金不昧 (shíjīnbùmèi)
* 昏昧
* 昧下
* 昧信
* 昧地瞞天 / 昧地瞒天
* 昧地謾天 / 昧地谩天
* 昧己瞞心 / 昧己瞒心
* 昧心 (mèixīn)
* 昧心取利
* 昧心錢 / 昧心钱
* 昧旦 (mèidàn)
* 昧旦晨興 / 昧旦晨兴
* 昧昧
* 昧死
* 昧死以聞 / 昧死以闻
* 昧沒 / 昧没
* 昧爽
* 昧理
* 昧良心
* 昧行
* 昧谷
* 晦昧
* 晻昧 / 暗昧
* 暗昧 (ànmèi)
* 曖昧 / 暧昧 (àimèi)
* 朦昧執迷 / 朦昧执迷
* 檮昧 / 梼昧
* 沖昧 / 冲昧
* 法華三昧 / 法华三昧
* 濛昧 / 蒙昧
* 濛昧不清 / 蒙昧不清
* 瞞天昧地 / 瞒天昧地
* 瞞心昧己 / 瞒心昧己
* 瞞昧 / 瞒昧
* 矇昧 / 蒙昧 (méngmèi)
* 禍來神昧 / 祸来神昧
* 素昧平生 (sùmèipíngshēng)
* 素昧生平
* 聳昧 / 耸昧
* 至誠無昧 / 至诚无昧
* 般舟三昧 (bōzhōu sānmèi)
* 若昧平生
* 草昧 (cǎomèi)
* 茫昧
* 蒙昧 (méngmèi)
* 蒙昧無知 / 蒙昧无知
* 謾天昧地 / 谩天昧地
* 貪昧 / 贪昧
* 遊戲三昧 / 游戏三昧

#### Descendants

* → Proto-Tai: *mɯːtᴰ
** Thai: มืด (mʉ̂ʉt, “dark”)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wěn (wen$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wěn
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wǔn
*** Wade–Giles: wên$^3$
*** Yale: wěn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woen
*** Palladius: вэнь (vɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /wən²¹⁴/

#### Definitions

昧
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cut; to sever

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mò (mo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mò
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mò
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^4$
*** Yale: mwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
*** Palladius: мо (mo)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

#### Definitions

昧
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in person's names.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* dark
* foolish

#### Readings

* Go-on: まい (mai, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ばい (bai)
* Kun: くらい (kurai, 昧い)、むさぼる (musaboru, 昧る)

## Korean
### Hanja

昧 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

昧: Hán Nôm readings: muội, mội
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.