# bac
## English
### Etymology 1

From French bac.

#### Noun

bac (plural bacs)
* A broad, flat-bottomed ferryboat, usually worked by a rope.
* A vat or cistern.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

bac (plural bacs)
* Clipping of baccalaureate.

##### Derived terms

* post-bac

### Anagrams

* B. C. A., B.C.A., cab, Cab, CBA, A.B.C., ABC, cba, A. B. C., BCA, CAB

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* bacë

### Etymology

* Borrowed from South Slavic *bat'a rather than cognate with it.
* From Proto-Albanian *batja. According to Orel bac/bacë could be related to Proto-Slavic *bat'a (“elder brother, uncle”) and Proto-Slavic *batja (“id”). Source of Romanian baci (“chief shepherd, cheese-maker”) and Megleno-Romanian/Aromanian batš (“id”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bat͡s]

### Noun

bac m (plural bacë, definite baca, definite plural bacët)
* elder brother
* uncle

#### References

* ↑ Hyllested first1=Adam, Joseph, Brian (2022) “13-Albanian”, in Thomas Olander, editor, The Indo-European language family
* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Alb. bac m Pl. baca ('elder brother, uncle')”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 13

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈbak]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

bac m (plural bacs)
* Alternative form of obac (“shady spot”)

### Etymology 2

Cognate with French bac.

#### Noun

bac m (plural bacs)
* vat
* ferry

### Further reading

* “bac” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbat͡s]

### Verb

bac
* second-person singular imperative of bacit

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophone: BAC

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French bac, from Old French bas, bac- (“flat boat”), of obscure origin. Possibly from Vulgar Latin *baccu (“container”), from Latin bacar (“kind of wine glass”). Or, possibly borrowed from Celtic or Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *baką (“back, rear”).

#### Noun

bac m (plural bacs)
* ferry
* vat

##### Derived terms

* bac à chat (“litter box”)
* bac à sable (“sandbox”)
* jeu bac à sable (“sandbox game”)

##### Descendants

* → Catalan: bac
* → Dutch: bak
** Afrikaans: bak
** Berbice Creole Dutch: baksi
** Negerhollands: bak
*** → Virgin Islands Creole: bak, baks (archaic)
** → Caribbean Hindustani: báki
** → Caribbean Javanese: bak, bag
** → Indonesian: bak, baki
*** → Javanese: ꦧꦏꦶ (baki)
*** → Ternate: baki
** → Javanese: ꦧꦏ꧀ (bak)
** → Papiamentu: baki (from the diminutive)
** → Sranan Tongo: baki
*** → Caribbean Javanese: baki
* → English: bac

### Etymology 2

Clipping of baccalauréat.

#### Noun

bac m (plural bacs)
* (informal) high school exit exam in France; A level, matura

##### Related terms

* bachelier

### Further reading

* “bac”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* abc

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish bacc (“angle, bend, corner”), from Proto-Celtic *bakkos (“hook”).
The verb is from Old Irish baccaid (“hinders, prevents, impairs; lames”), from the noun.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Aran) IPA: /bˠɑk/
* (Cois Fharraige, Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /bˠak/

### Noun

bac m (genitive singular baic, nominative plural baic)
* barrier, block, balk, hindrance
* bottleneck, trap
* blocking, obstruction
* constraint, handicap, impediment, encumbrance
* stop
* mattock
* bend (in river, etc.)
* (door-)step
* (law) stay (of proceedings)

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
bac
baic
vocative
a bhaic
a bhaca
genitive
baic
bac
dative
bac
baic
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an bac
na baic
genitive
an bhaic
na mbac
dative
leis an mbac don bhac
leis na baic :

#### Derived terms

* aerbhac m (“airlock”)
* bac poitéinsiúil m (“potential barrier”)
* bacainn (“barrier”)

#### Descendants

* →⇒ English: bocky

### Verb

bac (present analytic bacann, future analytic bacfaidh, verbal noun bacadh, past participle bactha) (ambitransitive)
* obstruct, balk, hinder
* impede, block, clog
* pre-empt
* bind
* foul
* (intransitive) to interfere, to meddle [with le ‘with’]
* heed

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | bacadh | bacadh | bacadh | bacadh | bacadh | bacadh | bacadh | bacadh |
| past participle | bactha | bactha | bactha | bactha | bactha | bactha | bactha | bactha |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | bacaim | bacann tú; bacair$^†$ | bacann sé, sí | bacaimid | bacann sibh | bacann siad; bacaid$^†$ | a bhacann; a bhacas / a mbacann* | bactar |
| past | bhac mé; bhacas | bhac tú; bhacais | bhac sé, sí | bhacamar; bhac muid | bhac sibh; bhacabhair | bhac siad; bhacadar | a bhac / ar bhac* | bacadh |
| past habitual | bhacainn / mbacainn‡‡ | bhactá / mbactá‡‡ | bhacadh sé, sí / mbacadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhacaimis; bhacadh muid / mbacaimis‡‡; mbacadh muid‡‡ | bhacadh sibh / mbacadh sibh‡‡ | bhacaidís; bhacadh siad / mbacaidís‡‡; mbacadh siad‡‡ | a bhacadh / a mbacadh* | bhactaí / mbactaí‡‡ |
| future | bacfaidh mé; bacfad | bacfaidh tú; bacfair$^†$ | bacfaidh sé, sí | bacfaimid; bacfaidh muid | bacfaidh sibh | bacfaidh siad; bacfaid$^†$ | a bhacfaidh; a bhacfas / a mbacfaidh* | bacfar |
| conditional | bhacfainn / mbacfainn‡‡ | bhacfá / mbacfá‡‡ | bhacfadh sé, sí / mbacfadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhacfaimis; bhacfadh muid / mbacfaimis‡‡; mbacfadh muid‡‡ | bhacfadh sibh / mbacfadh sibh‡‡ | bhacfaidís; bhacfadh siad / mbacfaidís‡‡; mbacfadh siad‡‡ | a bhacfadh / a mbacfadh* | bhacfaí / mbacfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go mbaca mé; go mbacad$^†$ | go mbaca tú; go mbacair$^†$ | go mbaca sé, sí | go mbacaimid; go mbaca muid | go mbaca sibh | go mbaca siad; go mbacaid$^†$ | — | go mbactar |
| past | dá mbacainn | dá mbactá | dá mbacadh sé, sí | dá mbacaimis; dá mbacadh muid | dá mbacadh sibh | dá mbacaidís; dá mbacadh siad | — | dá mbactaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | bacaim | bac | bacadh sé, sí | bacaimis | bacaigí; bacaidh$^†$ | bacaidís | — | bactar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
* Alternative verbal noun: bacáil (Ulster)

#### Descendants

* → English: bock

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bac”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Middle English
### Noun

bac
* Alternative form of bak (“back”)

## Romanian
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from French bac.

#### Noun

bac n (plural bacuri)
* ferry

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Clipping of bacalaureat

#### Noun

bac n (plural bacuri)
* baccalaureat

##### Declension
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish baccaid (“hinders, prevents, impairs; lames”), from bacc (“angle, bend, corner”), from Proto-Celtic *bakkos (“hook”).

### Noun

bac m (genitive singular baca or baic, plural bacan)
* delay, obstacle, hindrance
* peat bank
* sandbank

### Verb

bac (past bhac, future bacaidh, verbal noun bacadh, past participle bacte)
* prevent, hinder, obstruct, restrain

#### Derived terms

* bac an tùs

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak/

### Noun

bac
* Soft mutation of pac.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.