# 白菜
## Chinese

* 白菜 (Cantonese)
* 白菜 (Written Standard Chinese)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): báicài
       (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄘㄞˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): be$^2$ cai$^4$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): быйцэ (bɨyce, I-II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): baak$^6$ coi$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): bak$^5$ toi$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pha̍k-chhoi
    (Hailu, HRS): pag$^ˋ$ coi$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): pag$^6$ coi$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): bai$^1$ cai$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): băh-cái
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍h-chhài / pe̍eh-chhài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh$^8$ cai$^3$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$baq-tshe$_5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: báicài → báicai (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄘㄞˋ → ㄅㄞˊ ˙ㄘㄞ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: báicåi
*** Wade–Giles: pai$^2$-tsʻai$^5$
*** Yale: bái-tsai
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bair.tsay
*** Palladius: байцай (bajcaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/ → /paɪ̯³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: be$^2$ cai$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: becai
*** Sinological IPA : /pɛ²¹ t͡sʰai²¹³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: быйцэ (bɨyce, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /pei²⁴ t͡sʰɛ⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baak$^6$ coi$^3$
*** Yale: baahk choi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baak$^9$ tsoi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bag$^6$ coi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːk̚² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: bak$^5$ toi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pak̚³² tʰᵘɔi³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pha̍k-chhoi
*** Hakka Romanization System: pag coi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pag$^6$ coi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: pag$^ˋ$ coi$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰak² t͡sʰoi¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pag$^6$ coi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: bai$^1$ cai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pai¹¹ t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: băh-cái
*** Sinological IPA : /paʔ⁵⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒɑi²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h-chhài
*** Tâi-lô: pe̍h-tshài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: peqzhaix
*** IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡sʰai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍eh-chhài
*** Tâi-lô: pe̍eh-tshài
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bêh$^8$ cai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pe̍h tshài
*** Sinological IPA : /peʔ⁴⁻² t͡sʰai²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^8$baq-tshe$_5$
*** MiniDict: bah$^入$ tshe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$baq-tshe$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /baʔ¹¹ t͡sʰe²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /bɑʔ²² t͡sʰe⁵²³/

### Noun

白菜
* Various varieties of Brassica rapa, including:
** napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)
    From: 1993, 汪曾祺 (Wang Zengqi), 胡同文化
    Tā shuō: “Nǎr yě bǐ bùliǎo Běijīng. Běijīng de āo báicài yě bǐ biéchù hǎochī, — Wǔwèishén zài Běijīng.” [Pinyin]
    He said, “No place [else] can match Beijing. Even Beijing’s boiled napa cabbage tastes better than [it does] elsewhere – Wuweishen is at Beijing.”
** bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)
    From: 1980, 林子祥 (George Lam), 分分鐘需要你
    jau$^5$ liu$^5$ nei$^5$ hoi$^1$ sam$^1$ di$^1$, mat$^1$ dou$^1$ cing$^3$ sam$^1$ mun$^5$ ji$^3$, haam$^4$ jyu$^4$ baak$^6$ coi$^3$ jaa$^5$ hou$^2$ hou$^2$ mei$^6$. [Jyutping]
    With you I'm happier, everything's going as I wish, even salted fish and bok choy make a delicious meal.

#### Usage notes

Regional usage differs on which variety 白菜 usually refers to.

#### Synonyms

* (napa cabbage):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 菘菜 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 白菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 大白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 大白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 白菜, 大白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 白菜, 大白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 捲心白 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 黃芽白, 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 京白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 白菜, 大白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 包頭白 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanning (Wuming) | 大白菜, 京白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 黃芽菜, 大白菜, 白菜 in names of dishes |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 黃芽菜, 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 黃芽菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 大白菜 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 龍芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 龍芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 龍芽白 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 黃牛白 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 黃牛白 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 大白菜 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 黃芽白, 紹菜, 火筒菜 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 包心白 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 龍芽白 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 京白菜, 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 京白菜, 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 大白菜, 竹筒白 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 黃芽白, 火筒菜 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 白菜, 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 京白菜 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Nanjiang) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 包頭白 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 大頭白 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 京白菜 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 火筒菜 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 大白菜, 涼芽白 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 京白菜 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 京白菜 |
| Cantonese | Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 黃芽白 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 包菜 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 黃芽白, 紹菜 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 大白菜 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 黃芽白 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 紹白, 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 紹菜, 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 紹菜, 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 黃芽白, 包心白 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 黃芽白, 芽白 |
| Hakka | Zijin | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) | 黃芽白 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 紹菜 |
| Hakka | Changting | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) | 黃嫲白 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) | 白菜包 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Zhongshan) | 包心白菜 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Peitian) | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Juxi) | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Zhongbao) | 山東白 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Laiyuan) | 大白菜 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 包心白 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 京白菜 |
| Hakka | Mashan (Pianlian) | 京白菜 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 包菜 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Fengshun) | 大白菜 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 白菜 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 白菜, 包頭白, 大白菜 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 白菜 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 白菜 |
| Jin | Datong | 白菜 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 白菜 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 白菜 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 白菜 |
| Jin | Linhe | 白菜 |
| Jin | Jining | 白菜 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 白菜 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 白菜 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 白菜 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 白菜 |
| Jin | Handan | 白菜, 黃菜 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 桶哦菜 |
| Jin | Suide | 白菜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 白菜, 山東白 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 大白菜, 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 山東白 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 白菜, 山東白菜 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 白菜, 山東白, 捲心白 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 白菜, 山東白 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 白菜, 山東白仔 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 白菜, 東白仔, 包心白仔, 捲心白仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 白菜, 山東白, 包心白 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 白菜, 山東白 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 王白菜, 王白, 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 大白菜 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 白菜, 王精白, 大白菜 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 白菜 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 芽白菜 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 白菜 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 紹菜 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 天津菜 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 白菜, 大白菜, 京白菜 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Shajing) | 京白菜 |
| Southern Pinghua | Binyang (Xinqiao) | 京白菜 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 黃芽白 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 黃芽白 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Tanxia) | 黃芽菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 大白菜, 白菜, 黃芽菜, 膠菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 黃芽菜, 黃秸菜 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 白菜, 膠菜 |
| Wu | Danyang | 白菜, 黃芽菜 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 膠菜 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 白菜, 黃葉菜, 山東菜, 筒菜 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 白菜, 膠菜, 黃芽菜 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 黃芽白, 芽白 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 黃牛白, 高腳白 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 白菜 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 黃芽白 |
* (bok choy):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 小白菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 小白菜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 小白菜兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 小白菜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 小白菜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 小白菜兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 小白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 小白菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 小白菜, 青菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 小白菜 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 小白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 白菜秧兒, 小白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 小白菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 小白菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 青菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 白菜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 白菜 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 白菜仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 白菜 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 小白菜 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 小白菜 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 白菜仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 白菜囝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 白菜囝 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 白菜仔 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 青菜 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 小白菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 青菜, 小青菜 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 小青菜 |
| Wu | Danyang | 青菜 |

#### Derived terms

* 上海白菜 (Shànghǎi báicài)
* 圓白菜 / 圆白菜 (yuánbáicài)
* 大白菜 (dàbáicài)
* 小白菜 (xiǎobáicài)
* 洋白菜 (yángbáicài)
* 海白菜
* 白菜價 / 白菜价 (báicàijià)
* 青江白菜

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 白菜(ハクサイ) (hakusai, “napa cabbage”)
* → Korean: 백채(白菜) (baekchae, “napa cabbage”)
Early Mandarin 白菜 (EM *pajᴸᴸtsʰajᴰ):
* → Middle Korean: ᄇᆡ〯ᄎᆡ〮 (pǒychóy)
** Early Modern Korean: ᄇᆡᄎᆡ (poychoy)
*** Korean: 배추 (baechu)
** Jeju: 베치 (bechi)
Others:
* → Cebuano: petsay
* → English: bok choy, pak choi, bokchoi, bok choi, baicai, petsai, pechay
** → Russian: бокчо́й (bokčój)
* → Italian: pe-tsai
* → Japanese: 白(パク)菜(チョイ) (pakuchoi, “bok choy”)
* → Mongolian:
    Cyrillic script: байцаа (bajcaa, “cabbage”)
    Mongolian script: ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ (bayičag-a, “cabbage”)
* → Russian: петса́й (petsáj)
* → Tagalog: petsay
* → Tibetan: པད་ཚལ (pad tshal)
* → Uyghur: بەسەي (besey)
* → Spanish: pac-choy

### See also

* 青江菜 (qīngjiāngcài)
* (Cantonese) 黃芽白／黄芽白 (huángyábái)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 菜 |
| はく Grade: 1 | さい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||
From Chinese 白菜 (báicài).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はくさい [hàkúsáꜜì] (Nakadaka –)
* (Tokyo) はくさい [hàkúsáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠kɯ̟̊sa̠i]

#### Noun

白(はく)菜(さい) or 白菜(ハクサイ) • (hakusai)
* napa cabbage

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 白 | 菜 |
| ぱく Grade: 1 | ちょい Grade: 4 |
| irregular ||
Borrowed from Cantonese 白菜 (baak6 coi3).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) パクチョイ [pàkúchóí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [pa̠kɯ̟̊t͡ɕo̞i]

#### Noun

白菜(パクチョイ) • (pakuchoi)
* Synonym of 青梗菜 (“bok choy”)

### References

* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 白 | 菜 |

### Noun

白菜 • (baekchae) (hangeul 백채)
* hanja form of 백채 (“napa cabbage”)