# 除

| 除 | U+9664, &#38500; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9664 |
| ← 陣 [U+9663] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 陥 → [U+9665] |

## Translingual
### Han character

除 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人一木 (NLOMD), four-corner 7829$_4$, composition ⿰阝余)

#### Derived characters

* 𪡷, 𢲢, 滁, 𮔲, 蒢, 㾻, 篨, 𭏚, 𢡣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1352, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41669
* Dae Jaweon: page 1854, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4132, character 5
* Unihan data for U+9664

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 除 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 敘 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'a, *l'as): semantic 阜 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chú (chu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ceoi$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cui$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhù
    (Hailu, HRS): chu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cu$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dṳ̀
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dy$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tîr / tû / tî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): de$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chú
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chú
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^2$
*** Yale: chú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
*** Palladius: чу (ču)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceoi$^4$
*** Yale: chèuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰui²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhù
*** Hakka Romanization System: cu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chu
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰu⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /ty⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dy$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /ty¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tîr
*** Tâi-lô: tîr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɯ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tû
*** Tâi-lô: tû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: duu
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Philippines): /tu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tî
*** Tâi-lô: tî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti¹³/
*** IPA (Jinjiang): /ti²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: de$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̂
*** Sinological IPA : /tɯ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zy
*** MiniDict: zy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
* Middle Chinese: drjo
Rime :
| Character | 除 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直魚切 |
| Baxter | drjo |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiɔ/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭo/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyu$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]<r>a/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'a/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 除 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjo › |
| Old Chinese | /*[l]<r>a/ |
| English | remove; get rid of |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 除 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 15788 |
| Phonetic component | 余 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 除 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'a/ |

#### Definitions

除
* to remove; to get rid of; to exclude
* (archaic) to be assigned to a new post; to stop serving in one post, and begin serving in another
* (literary, or in compounds) except
* (arithmetic) to divide; division
* (arithmetic, informal) to be divided by
* (Cantonese) to take off (clothes or accessories); to peel off; to strip
    除衫 [Cantonese] ― ceoi$^4$ saam$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to undress (literally, “to take off clothes”)
    除鞋 [Cantonese] ― ceoi$^4$ haai$^4$ [Jyutping] ― to take off shoes
    From: 2020, Guangzhou Metro
    daap$^3$ sing$^4$ dei$^6$ tit$^3$ gwo$^3$ cing$^4$ zung$^1$, ceng$^2$ nei$^5$ cyun$^4$ cing$^4$ pui$^3$ daai$^3$ hau$^2$ zaau$^3$, m$^4$ hou$^2$ ceoi$^4$ dai$^1$, ce$^1$ soeng$^1$ noi$^6$ gaam$^2$ siu$^2$ gaau$^1$ taam$^4$. [Jyutping]
    Please always wear the mask, and moderate your conversation in the whole ride.
* (literary, or in compounds) steps (on a flight of stairs)
* a surname, Chu

##### Usage notes

* A除以B means "A divided by B". A除B means "B divided by A", but in colloquial speech is the same as A除以B.
** 除 is a transitive verb, and A除B is understood as 用A除B or 以A除B (literally "to divide B by A"), the latter of which is attested in Literary Chinese and likely gave rise to 除以 (chúyǐ). This contrasts with 減 / 减 (jiǎn), which is an intransitive verb and A減B means "A decreases by B", i.e. "A minus B".

##### Synonyms

* (to remove):
* 免
* 免除 (miǎnchú)
* 刷 (colloquial)
* 削 (literary, or in compounds)
* 削除 (xuēchú)
* 去掉 (qùdiào)
* 去除 (qùchú)
* 報銷 / 报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous)
* 屏除 (bǐngchú)
* 廓清 (kuòqīng)
* 打掉 (dǎdiào)
* 掃 / 扫
* 排解 (páijiě)
* 掃除 / 扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative)
* 排除 (páichú)
* 摒除 (bìngchú)
* 撤 (chè)
* 撤除 (chèchú)
* 消 (xiāo)
* 消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary)
* 消解 (xiāojiě)
* 消釋 / 消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative)
* 消除 (xiāochú)
* 淘汰 (táotài)
* 清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative)
* 清除 (qīngchú)
* 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
* 破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
* 破除 (pòchú)
* 祛除 (qūchú)
* 罷 / 罢
* 翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary)
* 肅清 / 肃清 (sùqīng)
* 蕩 / 荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 解釋 / 解释 (jiěshì) (archaic)
* 解除 (jiěchú)
* 鋤 / 锄 (chú)
* 鏟除 / 铲除 (chǎnchú)
* 除去 (chúqù)
* 除忒 (Hakka)
* 除掉 (chúdiào)
* 除開 / 除开 (chúkāi)
* 革除 (géchú)
* 驅散 / 驱散 (qūsàn)
* 驅走 / 驱走 (qūzǒu)
* 驅除 / 驱除 (qūchú)
* (to take off):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 脫, 褪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 脫, 褪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 脫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 脫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 脫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 脫 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 脫, 褪 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 脫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 脫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 脫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 脫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 脫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 脫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 脫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 脫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 脫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 脫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 脫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 脫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 脫, 褪, 解 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 脫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 脫, 褪 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 脫, 褪 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 除, 脫 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 除, 剝, 解 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 脫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 除, 脫 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 除 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 除, 剝 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 脫 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 脫 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 脫 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 脫, 除 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 剝 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 褪 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 除 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 除 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 脫 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 脫 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 推, 剝, 脫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 脫 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 剝 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 剝 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 剝 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 剝 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 脫 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 脫 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 脫 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 脫, 褪 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 脫 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 脫 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 褪 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 褪 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 褪 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 褪 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 褪 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 褪 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 褪 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 褪 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 脫 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 褪 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 解 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 褪 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 脫 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 脫 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 脫 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 剝 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 剝 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 脫 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 脫 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 脫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 脫, 褪 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 脫 |
| Wu | Danyang | 脫 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 脫 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 脫 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 脫 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 脫, 褪 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 脫 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 脫 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 脫 |

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to divide”): 乘 (chéng)

#### Compounds

* 七除八扣 (qīchú-bākòu)
* 乘除 (chéngchú)
* 併除 / 并除
* 免除 (miǎnchú)
* 切除 (qiēchú)
* 刪除 / 删除 (shānchú)
* 別除權 / 别除权
* 削除 (xuēchú)
* 剗惡除奸 / 刬恶除奸
* 剗草除根 / 刬草除根
* 剔除 (tīchú)
* 剗除 / 刬除 (chǎnchú)
* 剪惡除奸
* 剪草除根
* 剪除 (jiǎnchú)
* 割除 (gēchú)
* 剷除 / 铲除 (chǎnchú)
* 剿除 (jiǎochú)
* 加減乘除 / 加减乘除 (jiājiǎn chéngchú)
* 勦除 / 剿除
* 勾除
* 化除 (huàchú)
* 卸除 (xièchú)
* 去除 (qùchú)
* 堂除
* 大掃除 / 大扫除 (dàsǎochú)
* 大除夕
* 小除夕
* 屏除 (bǐngchú)
* 屋除
* 差除
* 庭除
* 廢除 / 废除 (fèichú)
* 復除 / 复除
* 成除服
* 戒除 (jièchú)
* 所除
* 手到病除
* 扣除 (kòuchú)
* 扣除額 / 扣除额
* 拜除
* 拔除 (báchú)
* 拆除 (chāichú)
* 挖除
* 振弱除暴
* 捐除
* 掃除 / 扫除 (sǎochú)
* 排除 (páichú)
* 掃除天下 / 扫除天下
* 排除萬難 / 排除万难 (páichúwànnán)
* 摘除 (zhāichú)
* 撇除 (piēchú)
* 摒除 (bìngchú)
* 撤除 (chèchú)
* 擯除 / 摈除 (bìnchú)
* 攘除 (rángchú)
* 整除 (zhěngchú)
* 斬草除根 / 斩草除根 (zhǎncǎochúgēn)
* 斷怪除妖 / 断怪除妖
* 斷除 / 断除
* 日月其除
* 服除
* 杜漸除微 / 杜渐除微
* 東蕩西除 / 东荡西除
* 根除 (gēnchú)
* 歲除 / 岁除
* 歸除 / 归除
* 消除 (xiāochú)
* 清除 (qīngchú)
* 滌除 / 涤除
* 灶上騷除 / 灶上骚除
* 為民除害 / 为民除害
* 為民除患 / 为民除患
* 真除
* 破除 (pòchú)
* 祛蠹除奸
* 祛除 (qūchú)
* 祓除
* 祛風除熱 / 祛风除热
* 禁姦除猾 / 禁奸除猾
* 糞除 / 粪除
* 罪以功除
* 美除
* 翦草除根
* 翦除 (jiǎnchú)
* 聽除 / 听除
* 脫除 / 脱除
* 興利除害 / 兴利除害
* 興利除弊 / 兴利除弊
* 芟除 (shānchú)
* 藥到病除 / 药到病除 (yàodàobìngchú)
* 蠲除
* 被除數 / 被除数 (bèichúshù)
* 西除東蕩 / 西除东荡
* 解除 (jiěchú)
* 討逆除暴 / 讨逆除暴
* 辟惡除患
* 退除役
* 遷除 / 迁除
* 鏟除 / 铲除 (chǎnchú)
* 開除 / 开除 (kāichú)
* 防弊除害
* 防除
* 除凶去害
* 除卻 / 除却 (chúquè)
* 除去 (chúqù)
* 除召
* 除名 (chúmíng)
* 除喪 / 除丧
* 除地
* 除塵 / 除尘
* 除夕 (chúxī)
* 除外 (chúwài)
* 除夜 (chúyè)
* 除奸
* 除孝
* 除害 (chúhài)
* 除弊
* 除役
* 除息
* 除患興利 / 除患兴利
* 除惡務本 / 除恶务本
* 除惡務盡 / 除恶务尽 (chú'èwùjìn)
* 除惡扶善 / 除恶扶善
* 除拜
* 除掉 (chúdiào)
* 除授 (chúshòu)
* 除數 / 除数 (chúshù)
* 除日
* 除暴
* 除暴安良 (chúbào'ānliáng)
* 除書 / 除书
* 除月
* 除服 (chúfú)
* 除根 (chúgēn)
* 除權 / 除权 (chúquán)
* 除權判決 / 除权判决
* 除此之外 (chúcǐzhīwài)
* 除殘去穢 / 除残去秽
* 除汙 / 除污
* 除汙去垢 / 除污去垢
* 除汰
* 除法 (chúfǎ)
* 除溼 / 除湿 (chúshī)
* 除溼機 / 除湿机 (chúshījī)
* 除疾遺類 / 除疾遗类
* 除籍 (chújí)
* 除紅捉綠 / 除红捉绿
* 除罪
* 除舊布新 / 除旧布新 (chújiùbùxīn)
* 除舊更新 / 除旧更新
* 除草 (chúcǎo)
* 除草劑 / 除草剂 (chúcǎojì)
* 除號 / 除号 (chúhào)
* 除蟲菊 / 除虫菊
* 除阻 (chúzǔ)
* 除霜 (chúshuāng)
* 除霧器 / 除雾器
* 除靈 / 除灵
* 除非 (chúfēi)
* 階除 / 阶除
* 革除 (géchú)
* 驅除 / 驱除 (qūchú)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhù, chú (zhu$^4$, chu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ, ㄔㄨˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^4$
*** Yale: jù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chú
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chú
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^2$
*** Yale: chú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
*** Palladius: чу (ču)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: drjoH
Rime :
| Character | 除 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 遟倨切 |
| Baxter | drjoH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zyu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lra-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'as/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 除 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjo$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*lra-s/ |
| English | pass away |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 除 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 15793 |
| Phonetic component | 余 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 箸 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'as/ |

#### Definitions

除
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* “除”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* remove
* except
* (mathematics) divide

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ちょ (cho)
* Kan’yō-on: じ (ji, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kun: のぞく (nozoku, 除く, Jōyō)、はらう (harau, 除う)、わる (waru, 除る)、よける (yokeru, 除ける)、のける (nokeru, 除ける)、つきる (tsukiru, 除きる)

#### Compounds

* remove
** 解(かい)除(じょ) (kaijo): cancel
** 掃(そう)除(じ) (sōji): clean, sweep up
** 駆(く)除(じょ) (kujo): eradicate
** 削(さく)除(じょ) (sakujo): delete
* except
** 除(じょ)外(がい) (jogai): except
** 免(めん)除(じょ) (menjo): exempt
* divide
** 除(じょ)数(すう) (josū): divisor
** 整(せい)除(じょ) (seijo): divide without remainder

## Korean
### Hanja

除 (eumhun 덜 제 (deol je))
* hanja form of 제 (“remove”)

#### Compounds

* 삭제 (削除, sakje, “deletion”)
* 제명 (除名, jemyeong, “expulsion, delisting”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

除: Hán Việt readings: trừ
除: Nôm readings: chừa, chừ, chờ, giờ, trừ, dờ, hờ, khừ, xờ, thờ, dơ
* chữ Hán form of trừ (“to eliminate; to exclude”).
* chữ Nôm form of chừa.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hồ (1976).