# Hunan
## English
### Alternative forms

* Hu'nan (misspelling)
* Hu-nan (also from Wade–Giles)
* Hu Nan
* Hoonan (obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Mandarin 湖南 (Húnán) Wade-Giles romanization: Hu²-nan², literally “south of the lake”, referring to Lake Dongting. Doublet of Honam.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /huːˈnɑːn/, /huːˈnæn/
* enPR: ho͞oʹnänʹ

### Proper noun

Hunan
* A province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting. Capital: Changsha.
** 1899 May, “Report of Permanent Committee on Christian Endeavor”, in Minutes of the General Assembly of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church‎, volume 69, Nashville, TN, page 21a:Foreign Missions.—Pursuing the Fulton pledge system of two-cents-a-week-for-Missions, our young people have contributed to the support of their representative in China, Rev. T. J. Preston. He has recently gone to our station at Chang-teh, in the Hunan Province, China.
** 1909, “OLIGOBOTRYA HENRYI”, in Curtis's Botanical Magazine‎, volume 5, page 8238:The specimens on which the original description of O. Henryi was based were sent to Kew in 1886 by Mr. A. Henry, who had obtained them at Patung in Hupeh, Central China. Since then species has been met with in the adjoining provinces of Hunan and Szechuan.
** 1917 April 6, “HONG KONG”, in Supplement to Commerce Reports‎, number 52a, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, page 14:Toward the end of 1916 the Siems-Carey Co., allied with the American International Corporation, entered into a contract with the Chinese Government for the construction, among others, of a railway in the district-the Chuchow-Chinchow Line-which is to connect southern Hunan with the eastern seaboard of Kwangtung.
** 1948, Bernward H. Willeke, Imperial Government and Catholic Missions in China During the Years 1784-1785‎, St. Bonaventure, New York: Franciscan Institute, page 31:On the day after the feast of Pentecost (May 31, 1784) the three boats left Chao-ch'ing and without any mishap passed all the customs stations in Kwangtung, Kwangsi and Hunan.
** 1957, Chung-cheng (Kai-shek) Chiang, “Beginnings (1924-1927)”, in Soviet Russia in China: A Summing-up at Seventy‎, New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 42–43:The first task was to clear the Hunan province of all hostile forces so as to make it possible for the various armies to converge on Wuhan area, including Wuchang, Hankow and Hanyang on the Yangtze.
** 1976 August 29, “Mao Tse-tung's four marriages”, in Free China Weekly‎, volume XVII, number 34, Taipei, page 3:Mao was born in Hunan in November 1893.
** 1999, Red Pine, Mike O'Connor, editors, The Clouds Should Know Me By Now‎, →ISBN, page 44:Ch'i-chi, whose family name was Hu, was born in the Ch'ang-sha area of Hunan.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Hunan.

#### Translations
### See also

Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China in English (layout · text) :
* Provinces: Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan (claimed) · Yunnan · Zhejiang
* Autonomous regions: Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang
* Municipalities: Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing
* Special administrative regions: Hong Kong · Macau

### References

* ↑ Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “Hunan”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, volume 2, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1333, column 2: “Hunan (HU-NAN), [Mandarin=south of the lake]”