# 菌

| 菌 | U+83CC, &#33740; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83CC |
| ← 菋 [U+83CB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菍 → [U+83CD] |
| 菌 | U+2F9A2, &#194978; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A2 |
| ← 菊 [U+2F9A1] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 菜 → [U+2F9A3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

菌 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿田竹木 (TWHD), four-corner 4460$_0$, composition ⿱艹囷)

#### Derived characters

* 𣛃, 𭿰, 𢋵

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1037, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31156
* Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3234, character 9
* Unihan data for U+83CC
* Unihan data for U+2F9A2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 菌 | *ɡonʔ, *ɡrunʔ |
| 麇 | *krun |
| 麕 | *krun |
| 囷 | *kʰrun, *ɡrun |
| 箘 | *kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ |
| 攈 | *kuns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡonʔ, *ɡrunʔ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 囷 (OC *kʰrun, *ɡrun).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(i/u)n (“mushroom; fungus”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jūn, jùn, jǔn (jun$^1$, jun$^4$, jun$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ, ㄐㄩㄣˋ, ㄐㄩㄣˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kwan$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kun$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khún
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kung$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
*** Wade–Giles: chün$^1$
*** Yale: jyūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
*** Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
*** Wade–Giles: chün$^4$
*** Yale: jyùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
*** Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
** (nonstandard or dialectal)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jǔn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔn
*** Wade–Giles: chün$^3$
*** Yale: jyǔn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeun
*** Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕyn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwan$^2$
*** Yale: kwán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰun²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
*** Tâi-lô: khún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quon
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kung$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuŋ⁵²/

#### Definitions

菌
* bacterium; germ
    抑菌 ― yìjūn ― to inhibit bacteria
    有好多菌 [Cantonese] ― jau$^5$ hou$^2$ do$^1$ kwan$^2$ [Jyutping] ― have lots of bacteria; be germy
* fungus

##### Synonyms

* (bacterium): 細菌／细菌 (xìjūn)
* (fungus): 真菌 (zhēnjūn)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jùn (jun$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kwan$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kun$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kūng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khún
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kung$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
*** Wade–Giles: chün$^4$
*** Yale: jyùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
*** Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwan$^2$
*** Yale: kwán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kuen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰun²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kūng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
*** Tâi-lô: khún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quon
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kung$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuŋ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: gwinX, gjwonX
Rime :
| Character | 菌 | 菌 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (45) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 渠殞切 | 求晚切 |
| Baxter | gwinX | gjwonX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiuɪn$^X$/ | /ɡʉɐn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡʷᵚin$^X$/ | /ɡʷiɐn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiuen$^X$/ | /ɡiuɐn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjin$^X$/ | /guan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjuĕn$^X$/ | /ɡiuɐn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡǐĕn$^X$/ | /ɡĭwɐn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi̯ĕn$^X$/ | /gi̯wɐn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jùn | juàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwan$^6$ | gyun$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]runʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡonʔ/, /*ɡrunʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 菌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jùn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gwin$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]runʔ/ |
| English | mushroom |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菌 | 菌 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10746 | 10752 |
| Phonetic component | 囷 | 囷 |
| Rime group | 元 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𧯦 | 窘 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡonʔ/ | /*ɡrunʔ/ |
| Notes | | 原列軫韻 |

#### Definitions

菌
* mushroom; toadstool
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zhāojūn bùzhī huìshuò, huìgū bùzhī chūnqiū, cǐ xiǎonián yě. [Pinyin]
    The mushroom of a morning does not know (what takes place between) the beginning and end of a month; the short-lived cicada does not know (what takes place between) the spring and autumn.
* Alternative form of 箘 (“bamboo shoots”)
* a surname, Jun

##### Synonyms

* (mushroom): 蕈 (xùn), 蘑菇 (mógu)

### Compounds

* 不孕真菌
* 乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)
* 亮菌
* 低溫殺菌 / 低温杀菌
* 傘菌 / 伞菌
* 光合細菌 / 光合细菌
* 厭氧菌 / 厌氧菌 (yànyǎngjūn)
* 厭氣菌 / 厌气菌
* 噬人菌
* 噬菌體 / 噬菌体 (shìjūntǐ)
* 固氮菌 (gùdànjūn)
* 夏蟲朝菌 / 夏虫朝菌
* 大腸桿菌 / 大肠杆菌 (dàcháng gǎnjūn)
* 大腸菌 / 大肠菌
* 大腸菌類 / 大肠菌类
* 子囊菌
* 寄生菌
* 巴氏桿菌 / 巴氏杆菌
* 布氏桿菌 / 布氏杆菌
* 布魯氏菌 / 布鲁氏菌 (bùlǔshìjūn)
* 帶菌 / 带菌
* 帶菌者 / 带菌者
* 弧菌 (hújūn)
* 微菌 (wēijūn)
* 抗菌 (kàngjūn)
* 抗菌素 (kàngjūnsù)
* 抗菌藥 / 抗菌药
* 抗菌血清
* 披衣菌 (pīyījūn)
* 擔子菌 / 担子菌
* 朝菌
* 松菌 (sōngjūn)
* 根瘤菌 (gēnliújūn)
* 桿菌 / 杆菌 (gǎnjūn)
* 棒狀桿菌 / 棒状杆菌 (bàngzhuàng gǎnjūn)
* 殺菌 / 杀菌 (shājūn)
* 殺菌劑 / 杀菌剂
* 氯絲菌素 / 氯丝菌素
* 活性菌
* 淋菌
* 滅菌 / 灭菌 (mièjūn)
* 無菌 / 无菌 (wújūn)
* 無菌室 / 无菌室
* 牙菌斑 (yájūnbān)
* 球菌 (qiújūn)
* 瓢菌素
* 生菌
* 病原菌 (bìngyuánjūn)
* 病菌 (bìngjūn)
* 痢疾桿菌 / 痢疾杆菌
* 真菌 (zhēnjūn)
* 細菌 / 细菌 (xìjūn)
* 細菌學 / 细菌学 (xìjūnxué)
* 細菌武器 / 细菌武器
* 結核菌 / 结核菌
* 網傘菌 / 网伞菌
* 羊肚菌 (yángdǔjūn)
* 肉毒桿菌 / 肉毒杆菌 (ròudúgǎnjūn)
* 菌傘 / 菌伞 (jūnsǎn)
* 菌原體 / 菌原体
* 菌子 (jùnzi)
* 菌幕
* 菌托
* 菌柄 (jūnbǐng)
* 菌核
* 菌根
* 菌桂
* 菌界
* 菌絲 / 菌丝 (jūnsī)
* 菌絲體 / 菌丝体 (jūnsītǐ)
* 菌肥
* 菌膠團 / 菌胶团
* 菌苗 (jūnmiáo)
* 菌落 (jūnluò)
* 菌蓋 / 菌盖 (jūngài)
* 菌血症
* 菌血癥 / 菌血症
* 菌褶 (jūnzhé)
* 菌質 / 菌质
* 菌陳蒿 / 菌陈蒿
* 菌類 / 菌类 (jūnlèi)
* 葡萄球菌 (pútáo qiújūn)
* 藻菌植物
* 螺旋菌
* 裂殖菌
* 輻射滅菌 / 辐射灭菌
* 酵母菌
* 鏈球菌 / 链球菌 (liànqiújūn)
* 雙球菌 / 双球菌
* 霍亂弧菌 / 霍乱弧菌 (huòluàn hújūn)
* 非病原菌
* 食菌
* 香菌
* 馬勃菌 / 马勃菌
* 黑黴菌 / 黑霉菌
* 黴菌 / 霉菌 (méijūn)
* 黴菌病 / 霉菌病

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* fungus, mold
* bacterium, germ

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
* Kun: きのこ (kinoko, 菌)

#### Compounds

* 細菌(さいきん) (saikin): bacterium, germ
* 納豆菌(なっとうきん) (nattō kin): Bacillus subtilis var. natto

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 菌
* きん Grade: S
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きん [kíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [kʲĩɴ]

#### Noun

菌(きん) • (kin)
* fungus, germ, bacterium

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 菌
* きのこ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 菌 – see the following entry. :
| 【茸きのこ】J | [noun] a mushroom Alternative spellings 蕈, キノコ |
| 【茸くさびら】J | [noun] (archaic, now dialectal) a mushroom [noun] (etymology, obsolete) vegetable, greens [noun] (euphemistic, in Ise Grand Shrine) the flesh of an animal [proper noun] a kyogen play Alternative spellings 草片, 蔬, くさひら |
(This term, 菌, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

菌 (eumhun 버섯 균 (beoseot gyun))
* hanja form of 균 (“mushroom”)
* hanja form of 균 (“germ, microbe”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

菌: Hán Nôm readings: khuẩn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.