# 城市
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chéngshì
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄕˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чыншы (čɨnšɨ, I-III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sing$^4$ si$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sàng-sṳ
    (Hailu, HRS): shang shi$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sang$^2$ si$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): siàng-chê
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siâⁿ-chhī / siâⁿ-chhǐ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sian$^5$ ci$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zen-zy$_6$ / $^2$zen-zy$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chéngshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chéngshìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻêng$^2$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: chéng-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngshyh
*** Palladius: чэнши (čɛnši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$乘勢 / 乘势 呈示 城事 城市 成事 承事 程式 誠是 / 诚是
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чыншы (čɨnšɨ, I-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sing$^4$ si$^5$
*** Yale: sìhng síh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sing$^4$ si$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xing$^4$ xi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɪŋ²¹ siː¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sàng-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: sang$^ˇ$ sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sang$^2$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /saŋ¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shang shi$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃaŋ⁵⁵ ʃi³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sang$^2$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /saŋ¹¹ sz̩⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siàng-chê
*** Sinological IPA : /siaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡sʰ-)}$ʒɛi²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâⁿ-chhī
*** Tâi-lô: siânn-tshī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sviachi
*** IPA (Taipei): /siã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /siã²⁴⁻¹² t͡sʰi²²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/
*** IPA (Singapore): /siã²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâⁿ-chhǐ
*** Tâi-lô: siânn-tshǐ
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sian$^5$ ci$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siâⁿ tshĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen-zy$_6$
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$ zy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen-zr$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² zz̩⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$zen-zy$_6$
*** MiniDict: zen$^平$ zy$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zən²² zz̩³³/
* Middle Chinese: dzyeng dzyiX
Rime :
| Character | 城 | 市 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 是征切 | 時止切 |
| Baxter | dzyeng | dzyiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇŋ/ | /d͡ʑɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛŋ/ | /d͡ʑɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiæŋ/ | /d͡ʑie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑiajŋ/ | /d͡ʑɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛŋ/ | /ʑiə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛŋ/ | /ʑĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛŋ/ | /ʑi$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chéng | shì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sing$^4$ | si$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]eŋ C.[d]əʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djeŋ djɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 城 | 市 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chéng | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyeng › | ‹ dzyi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]eŋ/ | /*C.[d]əʔ/ |
| English | city wall | market (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 城 | 市 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1418 | 11611 |
| Phonetic component | 成 | 市 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 成 | 市 |
| Old Chinese | /*djeŋ/ | /*djɯʔ/ |

### Noun

城市
* city; town (Classifier: 個／个; 座)
    城市風光／城市风光 ― chéngshì fēngguāng ― cityscape
    旅遊城市／旅游城市 ― lǚyóu chéngshì ― tourist city
    城市人口 ― chéngshì rénkǒu ― urban population
    城市生活 ― chéngshì shēnghuó ― urban life
    城市道路 ― chéngshì dàolù ― urban road
    沿邊城市／沿边城市 ― yánbiān chéngshì ― border city
    中國城市等級制／中国城市等级制 ― Zhōngguó chéngshì děngjízhì ― the Chinese city tier system
       cùjìn chéngshì kěchíxù fāzhǎn [Pinyin]
       to promote the sustainable development of the city
       Nǐ zài zhège chéngshì zhù le duōjiǔ le? [Pinyin]
       How long have you been living in this city?
       Wǒ jīhū wèicéng líkāi guò zhège chéngshì. [Pinyin]
       I have hardly ever been out of this city.
       Zài zhànzhēng zhōng, zhè ge chéngshì jǐjīng yìshǒu. [Pinyin]
       The city changed hands several times during the war.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 城池 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 城市 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 城市 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 城市 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 城市 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xianxian (Xiaoying) | 城市 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 城市 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 城市 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 城市 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 城市 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pingle | 城市 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 城市 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhai | 城市 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 城市 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Jintian) | 城市 |
| Hakka | Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng) | 城市 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Shahe) | 城市 |
| Hakka | Bobai (Lingping) | 城市 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 埠頭 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 埠頭, 城市 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 城市 |
| Jin | Datong | 城市 |
| Jin | Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) | 城市 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 城市 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 城市 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 城市 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 城市 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 城市 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 城市 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 城 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 城市 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) | 城市 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 城市 |
| Wu | Danyang | 城市 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 城市 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 城, 城市 |

#### Derived terms

* 中心城市 (zhōngxīn chéngshì)
* 友好城市 (yǒuhǎo chéngshì)
* 國家中心城市 / 国家中心城市
* 城市化 (chéngshìhuà)
* 城市改造 (chéngshì gǎizào)
* 城市更新 (chéngshì gēngxīn)
* 城市熱島效應 / 城市热岛效应 (chéngshì rèdǎo xiàoyìng)
* 城市病 (chéngshìbìng)
* 城市網絡 / 城市网络
* 城市美容師 / 城市美容师
* 城市規劃 / 城市规划 (chéngshì guīhuà)
* 城市規劃師 / 城市规划师 (chéngshì guīhuàshī)
* 城市貧民 / 城市贫民 (chéngshì pínmín)
* 城市鐵路 / 城市铁路 (chéngshì tiělù)
* 城市雕塑 (chéngshì diāosù)
* 城管 (chéngguǎn)
* 城鎮 / 城镇 (chéngzhèn)
* 姊妹城市 (zǐmèi chéngshì)
* 姐妹城市 (jiěmèi chéngshì)
* 智慧城市 (zhìhuì chéngshì)
* 生態城市 / 生态城市 (shēngtài chéngshì)
* 花園城市 / 花园城市 (huāyuán chéngshì)

#### Related terms

* 城鎮／城镇 (chéngzhèn)
* 集鎮／集镇 (jízhèn)

#### See also

* 城 (chéng)
* 村 (cūn)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 城 | 市 |

### Noun

城市
* chữ Hán form of thành thị (“city”).