# hong
## English
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

hong
* (obsolete) past of hang
** 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:Lyke an huge cave hewne out of rocky clifte, From whose rough vaut the ragged breaches hong

### Etymology 2

From Cantonese 行 (hong4, “trade, business”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Could someone with knowledge of Cantonese verify this etymology? Is it a shortening of 洋行”)

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /hɒŋ/
* (General American) IPA: /hɔŋ/
** (cot–caught merger) IPA: /hɑŋ/
* Rhymes: -ɒŋ

#### Noun

hong (plural hongs)
* A foreign trading company in China.
** 1901, Hezekiah Butterworth, “1.Strange Things to Be Seen in China – Jataka Tales – the Boxers – American Tea-farms”, in Traveller Tales of China or the Story-Telling Hongs, Boston: Dana Estes & Company, page 11:"You and your son are about to visit China," said a Chinese agent of an old and established hong in Canton. […] The speaker was Ah Hue, or Ah Hue-Ling. He had made a reputation for honorable dealing as an agent of the tea trade.
** 1935, William Ukers, All About Tea:In this partly manufactured state they are sold to collectors, who re-sell them to tea hongs, or factories, and these hongs in turn resell to middlemen, who supply the foreign exporter.
** 1997 August 7, “Superman versus the hong”, in The Economist‎, →ISSN:Even though China's red flag now flutters above them, some 40% of the offices are still owned by Hongkong Land, an immensely wealthy company that is part of the Jardine Matheson group, the biggest of the British-owned “hongs” and the one that did most to establish the British territory.

### See also

* hongbao
* hong boat

### Anagrams

* Gohn

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hokkien 鳳凰／凤凰 (hōng-hông, “fenghuang”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈhoŋ/ [ˈhoŋ]
* Rhymes: -oŋ
* Syllabification: hong

### Noun

hong (plural hong-hong)
* (mythology) fenghuang: a mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies.
* (mythology) phoenix: a mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun. It then arises anew from the ashes.

#### Synonyms

* feniks
* foniks
* funiks

### Further reading

* “hong” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Noun

hong m
* h-prothesized form of ong

### Verb

hong
* h-prothesized form of ong

## Ludian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *honka. Cognates include Finnish honka.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

hong
* forest pine

#### Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

## Makasar
### Etymology

From Dutch gom (“gum; eraser”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhoŋ/, [ˈhõŋ]
* Hyphenation: hong

### Noun

hong (Lontara spelling ᨖᨚ)
* an eraser

#### Compounds

* hong dawaʼ
* hong potoloʼ

### Further reading

* Cense, A. A. (1979) Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek, 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Mandarin
### Romanization

hong
* Nonstandard spelling of hōng.
* Nonstandard spelling of hóng.
* Nonstandard spelling of hǒng.
* Nonstandard spelling of hòng.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Palauan
### Etymology

From Japanese 本 (hon).

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

hong
* book

### References

* hong in Palauan Language Online: Palauan-English Dictionary, at tekinged.com.
* hong in Palauan-English Dictionary, at trussel2.com.
* hong in Lewis S. Josephs, Edwin G. McManus, Masa-aki Emesiochel (1977) Palauan-English Dictionary, University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 91.

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *honka.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

hong
* old or dead forest pine

#### Declension
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Compare Chinese 烘 (hōng), Thai แห้ง (hɛ̂ɛng).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [hawŋ͡m˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [hawŋ͡m˧˧] ~ [hɔŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [hawŋ͡m˧˧]

### Verb

hong • (𣈞, 𤈤)
* to dry (in the wind, sun, or near the fire)

## Zhuang
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /hoːŋ˨˦/
* Tone numbers: hong$^1$
* Hyphenation: hong

### Etymology 1

From Chinese 工 (OC *koːŋ).

#### Noun

hong (Sawndip forms 𰏊 or ⿱功大 or 慌 or ⿰工空 or ⿱红工 or 啌 or 空 or 康 or 𭘎 or ⿱䒑巷 or 控, 1957–1982 spelling hoŋ)
* work; labor
    Synonym: goeng

##### Derived terms

* hongranz

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Tai *χɔːŋᴬ (“thing”). Cognate with Thai ของ (kɔ̌ɔng), Northern Thai ᨡᩬᨦ, Lao ຂອງ (khǭng), Lü ᦃᦸᧂ (ẋoang), Tai Dam ꪄꪮꪉ, Shan ၶွင် (khǎung), Zuojiang Zhuang kong.

#### Noun

hong (1957–1982 spelling hoŋ)
* (dialectal) thing; object
    Synonyms: doenghyiengh, doxgaiq, (dialectal) swhyiengh

## Zou
### Verb

hong
* open

#### References

* http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2013/zouphonologyfinal.pdf