# geal
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English gelen, from Old French geler, from Latin gelāre, from gelu. See gelid. Scots jeel, geal.

### Pronunciation

* enPR: jēl', IPA: /ˈd͡ʒiːl/
* Rhymes: -iːl

### Verb

geal (third-person singular simple present geals, present participle gealing, simple past and past participle gealed)
* (obsolete or Scotland) To congeal.

### References

* “geal”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* Gael, Gale, Lega, egal, gale, lage, leag

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish gel, from Proto-Celtic *gelos (“yellow, white”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɟal̪ˠ/, /ɟalˠ/

### Noun

geal m (genitive singular gil)
* white, bright(ness)

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
nominative
geal
vocative
a ghil
genitive
gil
dative
geal
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative
an geal
genitive
an ghil
dative
leis an ngeal don gheal :

### Adjective

geal (genitive singular masculine gil, genitive singular feminine gile, plural geala, comparative gile)
* white
    Synonym: bán
    Tá a craiceann chomh geal le sneachta.Her skin is as white as snow.
* bright
* clear
* (literary) fallow
* (figuratively) bright, pure; glad, happy; dear, beloved, fond

#### Declension

$^1$ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article. $^2$ When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

#### Quotations

* 1894 March, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:Tháinic sé colmáin gheala isteach ar an dorus, ⁊ shuidh siad ar philéir go robh an tAifrionn thart, ⁊ annsin chuaidh siad amach ar ais.Six white doves came into the door, and they sat upon a pillar till Mass was over, and then they went back out.
* 2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 1:Thuas i dteach an tsolais, faoi réaltaí geala, canann Bronach Amhrán na Mara dá mac Ben atá cúig bliana d'aois.[original: Up in the lighthouse, under bright stars, Bronach sings the Song of the Sea to her five-year-old son, Ben.]

#### Derived terms

* aongheal
* bonn geal
* ceanngheal
* fíon geal
* geal-liath
* gealacán
* gealach
* gealán
* gile
* is geal leis an bhfiach dubh a ghearrcach féin (“beauty is in the eye of the beholder”, literally “the raven considers its own fledgling white”)
* plúr geal
* tae geal

### Verb

geal (present analytic gealann, future analytic gealfaidh, verbal noun gealadh, past participle gealta)
* (ambitransitive) to whiten, brighten; clear
    Gheal an spéir.The sky cleared.
* (ambitransitive, figurative) to make or become glad, happy, fond

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | gealadh | gealadh | gealadh | gealadh | gealadh | gealadh | gealadh | gealadh |
| past participle | gealta | gealta | gealta | gealta | gealta | gealta | gealta | gealta |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | gealaim | gealann tú; gealair$^†$ | gealann sé, sí | gealaimid | gealann sibh | gealann siad; gealaid$^†$ | a ghealann; a ghealas / a ngealann* | gealtar |
| past | gheal mé; ghealas | gheal tú; ghealais | gheal sé, sí | ghealamar; gheal muid | gheal sibh; ghealabhair | gheal siad; ghealadar | a gheal / ar gheal* | gealadh |
| past habitual | ghealainn / ngealainn‡‡ | ghealtá / ngealtá‡‡ | ghealadh sé, sí / ngealadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghealaimis; ghealadh muid / ngealaimis‡‡; ngealadh muid‡‡ | ghealadh sibh / ngealadh sibh‡‡ | ghealaidís; ghealadh siad / ngealaidís‡‡; ngealadh siad‡‡ | a ghealadh / a ngealadh* | ghealtaí / ngealtaí‡‡ |
| future | gealfaidh mé; gealfad | gealfaidh tú; gealfair$^†$ | gealfaidh sé, sí | gealfaimid; gealfaidh muid | gealfaidh sibh | gealfaidh siad; gealfaid$^†$ | a ghealfaidh; a ghealfas / a ngealfaidh* | gealfar |
| conditional | ghealfainn / ngealfainn‡‡ | ghealfá / ngealfá‡‡ | ghealfadh sé, sí / ngealfadh sé, sí‡‡ | ghealfaimis; ghealfadh muid / ngealfaimis‡‡; ngealfadh muid‡‡ | ghealfadh sibh / ngealfadh sibh‡‡ | ghealfaidís; ghealfadh siad / ngealfaidís‡‡; ngealfadh siad‡‡ | a ghealfadh / a ngealfadh* | ghealfaí / ngealfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go ngeala mé; go ngealad$^†$ | go ngeala tú; go ngealair$^†$ | go ngeala sé, sí | go ngealaimid; go ngeala muid | go ngeala sibh | go ngeala siad; go ngealaid$^†$ | — | go ngealtar |
| past | dá ngealainn | dá ngealtá | dá ngealadh sé, sí | dá ngealaimis; dá ngealadh muid | dá ngealadh sibh | dá ngealaidís; dá ngealadh siad | — | dá ngealtaí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | gealaim | geal | gealadh sé, sí | gealaimis | gealaigí; gealaidh$^†$ | gealaidís | — | gealtar |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 gel”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 45, page 24
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 132

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “geal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish gel, from Proto-Celtic *gelos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡ̊ʲal̪ˠ/, [ɡ̊ʲjɑl̪ˠ]

### Adjective

geal (comparative gile)
* white, bright, pale
    Mas e 'n t-iasg do choinnlean geala, mas e na ròin do luchd-faire... ― If the fish are thy candles bright, if the seals are thy watchmen...

#### Derived terms

* brù-gheal
* curran geal
* fìon geal
* gealachd
* marag gheal

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### See also

* bàn
Colors in Scottish Gaelic · dathan (layout · text) :
| bàn, geal | glas | dubh |
| dearg; ruadh | orains; donn | buidhe; donn |
| uaine | uaine | gorm |
| liath; glas | liath | gorm |
| purpaidh; guirmean | pinc; purpaidh | pinc |

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 gel”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
* ↑ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap