# 束

| 束 | U+675F, &#26463; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-675F |
| ← 杞 [U+675E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 杠 → [U+6760] |

## Translingual
### Han character

束 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木中 (DL), four-corner 5090$_6$, composition ⿻木口)

#### Derived characters

* 㑛, 凁, 𠲿, 𰉮, 𡖯, 娕, 𡦚, 𡷽, 𢑧, 悚, 𰒮, 捒, 𰓯, 梀, 𣓺, 𪲿, 𪲸, 𣗥, 𣙈, 𣦚, 殐, 涑, 𭵫, 𤖂, 𤙨, 㻋, 疎, 䀳, 𬒶, 𥟈, 竦, 𥹵, 綀, 𦈌, 𦎏, 𦎖, 脨, 𦠁, 𫇎, 𫊚, 𧋐, 𧚏, 觫, 𧥆, 誎, 𬣷, 䜹, 踈, 𨌛, 辣, 鋉, 𨱈, 𩊯, 𩎯, 𩐫, 餗, 𫗧, 駷, 𱅔, 𪌶, 𪘜
* 剌, 勅, 𠣩, 𡩆, 𢖗, 𢧧, 㩽, 𭣴, 敕, 𬂥, 𭪈, 𣔩, 𣗧, 𬄍, 𣙹, 𣜋, 𣝞, 𣝮, 𬅓, 欶, 𬆊, 𬆥, 𣭵, 𭸋, 𤴚, 𦐾, 𧆄, 𬟥, 𬢍, 賴, 赖, 辢, 頼, 鵣, 𢐌, 𢳮, 𩥲, 𬴇, 𩦙, 𰙇
* 𠁃, 𡘝, 𡘸, 𢆚, 𢆞, 𢑤, 𭪿, 𬃭, 𬃔, 𣗞, 𣕤, 𬃷, 𣝝, 𤎊, 𥦈, 䇿, 𦖰, 𫇿, 𩂺, 𩇹, 𬼥, 𠭄, 𡝁, 𣒛, 𪲥, 𬃅, 𣠆, 𰞡
* 𡇯, 𨴨, 𢈠, 𤶬, 𣚯, 𣫎, 𰀟, 𫉈, 𦾄, 𬛮, 𣭴, 趚, 速, 𩗣, 𩳒, 𩼱, 𬓊, 𥜖, 𩐒, 𡠑, 𢱠

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 512, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14480
* Dae Jaweon: page 898, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1158, character 3
* Unihan data for U+675F

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 束 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 涑 | *sloː, *sloːɡ, *sloɡ |
| 鏉 | *sloː, *sloːɡs, *srus |
| 摗 | *sloː |
| 駷 | *sloːʔ, *sloŋʔ |
| 嗽 | *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ |
| 瘶 | *sloːɡs |
| 欶 | *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ |
| 漱 | *sloːɡs, *srus |
| 捒 | *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs |
| 悚 | *sloŋʔ |
| 竦 | *sloŋʔ |
| 娕 | *sʰroːɡ |
| 梀 | *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ |
| 速 | *sloːɡ |
| 餗 | *sloːɡ |
| 殐 | *sloːɡ |
| 遬 | *sloːɡ |
| 蔌 | *sloːɡ |
| 樕 | *sloːɡ |
| 藗 | *sloːɡ |
| 誎 | *sʰloɡ |
| 束 | *hljoɡ |
Ideogram (指事) – bag tied at both ends (earlier forms were often vertically symmetric). See also 東 and 柬.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shù, sù (shu$^4$, su$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ, ㄙㄨˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cuk$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cuuk$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): suk / sok
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cug$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sók
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sog$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$soq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shù
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shù
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^4$
*** Yale: shù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵¹/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sù
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sù
*** Wade–Giles: su$^4$
*** Yale: sù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
*** Palladius: су (su)
*** Sinological IPA : /su⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cuk$^1$
*** Yale: chūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cuuk$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵk̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: suk / sok
*** Hakka Romanization System: sug$^ˋ$ / sog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sug$^5$ / sog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /suk̚²/, /sok̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊk̚¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sók
*** Sinological IPA : /souʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sok
*** Tâi-lô: sok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sok
*** Sinological IPA : /sok̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$soq
*** MiniDict: soh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$soq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /soʔ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: syowk
Rime :
| Character | 束 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 書玉切 |
| Baxter | syowk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭwok̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | suk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tʰok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljoɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 束 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-tʰok/ |
| English | bind; bundle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 束 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11893 |
| Phonetic component | 束 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 束 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljoɡ/ |

#### Definitions

束
* to bind; to tie up
    束縛／束缚 ― shùfù ― to bind; to tie up
* (now in compounds) to control; to restrain
    拘束 ― jūshù ― restraint; inhibited; constraint
* (now in compounds) end
    結束／结束 ― jiéshù ― end
* bunch; bundle; bale
    光束 ― guāngshù ― light beam
* (geometry) pencil (family of geometric objects with a common property)
    平面束 ― píngmiànshù ― pencil of planes
* Classifier for objects in bunches or bundles, such as bouquets of flowers. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    一束玫瑰 ― yī shù méiguī ― a bouquet of roses
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (to control):
* 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
* 主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
* 克制 (kèzhì)
* 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
* 制禦 / 制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
* 制約 / 制约 (zhìyuē)
* 君 (jūn) (literary)
* 執掌 / 执掌 (zhízhǎng)
* 壓制 / 压制 (yāzhì)
* 壓抑 / 压抑 (yāyì)
* 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 局限 (júxiàn)
* 左右 (zuǒyòu)
* 把
* 抑制 (yìzhì)
* 把持 (bǎchí)
* 把控 (bǎkòng)
* 把攬 / 把揽 (bǎlǎn)
* 抵制 (dǐzhì)
* 拘束 (jūshù)
* 按 (àn)
* 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
* 控 (literary, or in compounds)
* 控制 (kòngzhì)
* 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
* 撥弄 / 拨弄 (bōnòng)
* 撙節 / 撙节 (zǔnjié)
* 操控 (cāokòng)
* 操縱 / 操纵 (cāozòng)
* 擺佈 / 摆布 (bǎibù)
* 擺治 / 摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
* 支配 (zhīpèi)
* 收斂 / 收敛 (shōuliǎn)
* 束縛 / 束缚 (shùfù)
* 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 框 (kuàng)
* 禁錮 / 禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
* 積壓 / 积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
* 節制 / 节制 (jiézhì)
* 節撙 / 节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 管制 (guǎnzhì)
* 管束 (guǎnshù)
* 約束 / 约束 (yuēshù)
* 統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
* 統治 / 统治 (tǒngzhì)
* 羈束 / 羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
* 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
* 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
* 鎮 / 镇 (zhèn)
* 限 (xiàn)
* 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 限制 (xiànzhì)
* 駕 / 驾 (jià)
* 駕馭 / 驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

#### Compounds

* 保護管束 / 保护管束
* 光束 (guāngshù)
* 大束 (Dàshù)
* 局束
* 希氏束 (Xīshìshù)
* 房室束 (fángshìshù)
* 拘拘束束
* 拘束 (jūshù)
* 拴束 (shuānshù)
* 收束 (shōushù)
* 整束
* 束之高閣 / 束之高阁 (shùzhīgāogé)
* 束修
* 束帛
* 束帶頂冠 / 束带顶冠
* 束手 (shùshǒu)
* 束手就擒 (shùshǒujiùqín)
* 束手就縛 / 束手就缚
* 束手待斃 / 束手待毙 (shùshǒu dàibì)
* 束手旁觀 / 束手旁观
* 束手束腳 / 束手束脚
* 束手無措 / 束手无措
* 束手無策 / 束手无策 (shùshǒuwúcè)
* 束杖理民
* 束甲
* 束素
* 束緊 / 束紧
* 束線 / 束线
* 束縛 / 束缚 (shùfù)
* 束縕請火 / 束缊请火
* 束胸 (shùxiōng)
* 束脩
* 束腰 (shùyāo)
* 束芻 / 束刍
* 束薪
* 束裝 / 束装 (shùzhuāng)
* 束裝盜金 / 束装盗金
* 束身
* 束身修行
* 束身就縛 / 束身就缚
* 束身自修
* 束錦 / 束锦
* 束阨
* 束馬懸車 / 束马悬车
* 束髮 / 束发 (shùfà)
* 束髮封帛 / 束发封帛
* 束髮金冠 / 束发金冠 (shùfà jīnguān)
* 案兵束甲
* 檢束 / 检束 (jiǎnshù)
* 無拘無束 / 无拘无束 (wújūwúshù)
* 無束無拘 / 无束无拘
* 筋不束骨
* 管束 (guǎnshù)
* 粒米束薪
* 約束 / 约束 (yuēshù)
* 結束 / 结束 (jiéshù)
* 結束語 / 结束语 (jiéshùyǔ)
* 維管束 / 维管束 (wéiguǎnshù)
* 縛束 / 缚束
* 羈束 / 羁束 (jīshù)
* 能束
* 裝束 / 装束 (zhuāngshù)
* 要束
* 鈐束 / 钤束 (qiánshù)

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soh
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soh
*** Tâi-lô: soh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soiq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /soʔ³²/

#### Definitions

束
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to cling to something and climb upwards (of a person)
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to bind or tie tightly
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to absorb (moisture, etc.)

##### Synonyms

* (to absorb):
* 吸 (xī)
* 吸取 (xīqǔ)
* 吸收 (xīshōu)
* 抽取 (chōuqǔ)
* 攝 / 摄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 攝取 / 摄取 (shèqǔ)
* 汲 (jí) (literary, or in compounds)
* 汲取 (jíqǔ)
* 燥 (Hokkien)

#### Compounds

* 束水

### References

* “束”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* bunch
* to bind
* to end

#### Readings

* Go-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しょく (shoku)
* Kun: たば (taba, 束, Jōyō)、たばねる (tabaneru, 束ねる)、つか (tsuka, 束)、つかねる (tsukaneru, 束ねる)

#### Compounds

* 結(けっ)束(そく) (kessoku): union, unity
* 拘(こう)束(そく) (kōsoku): restriction, restraint
* 収(しゅう)束(そく) (shūsoku): end
* 装(しょう)束(ぞく) (shōzoku): costume, attire
* 束(そく)帯(たい) (sokutai): old ceremonial court dress
* 束(そく)に立(た)つ (soku ni tatsu)
* 束(そく)縛(ばく) (sokubaku): restraint, shackles
* 束(そく)髪(はつ) (sokuhatsu): bundling one's hair, or the hair so bundled; a pompadour-like traditional Japanese hairstyle for women
* 電(でん)束(そく) (densoku): electric flux
* 波(は)束(そく) (hasoku): wave packet
* 約(やく)束(そく) (yakusoku): arrangement, convention
* 束(そく)帯(たい) (sokutai): traditional royal robes

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 束
* たば Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 把

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たば [táꜜbà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ta̠ba̠]

#### Counter

束(たば) • (-taba)
* counter for bundles
    それは一(ひと)束(たば)十(じゅう)円(えん)の値段(ねだん)でした
       sore wa hitotaba jū en no nedan deshita
       They cost 10 yen a bundle

#### Noun

束(たば) • (taba)
* bundle, bunch, batch, sheaf, coil
    彼(かれ)は古(ふる)い手(て)紙(がみ)を束(たば)にした
       kare wa furui tegami o taba ni shita
       He bound old letters into a bundle

##### Derived terms

* 札(さつ)束(たば) (satsutaba): wad of bills
* 束(たば)になって掛(か)かる (taba ni natte kakaru): attack all in a bunch
* 束(たば)ねる (tabaneru): tie up in a bundle
* 花(はな)束(たば) (hanataba): bunch of flowers

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 束
* つか Grade: 4
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つか [tsùkáꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [t͡sɨ̥ka̠]

#### Noun

束(つか) • (tsuka)
* handbreadth, bundle

##### Derived terms

* 束(つか)の間(ま) (tsukanoma): brief space of time

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 束
* そく Grade: 4
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そく [sóꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [so̞kɯ̟]

#### Counter

束(そく) • (-soku)
* large bundles

#### Noun

束(そく) • (soku)
* (algebra, order theory) lattice
    Synonym: ラティス (ratisu)

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰo̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [속]

### Hanja

Wikisource 束 (eumhun 묶을 속 (mukkeul sok))
* hanja form of 속 (“bunch; to bind”)

#### Compounds

* 약속(約束) (yaksok, “a promise”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

束: Hán Nôm readings: thút, súc, thót, thúc, thóc, thắt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.