# 喻

| 喻 | U+55BB, &#21947; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55BB |
| ← 喺 [U+55BA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 喼 → [U+55BC] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 喻 |
| Simplified | 喻 |
| Japanese | 喩 |
| Korean | 喩 |

### Han character

喻 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口人一弓 (ROMN), four-corner 6802$_1$, composition ⿰口俞(GT))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 201, character 12
* Dae Jaweon: page 421, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 657, character 8
* Unihan data for U+55BB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 褕 | *low, *lo |
| 偷 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 媮 | *l̥ʰoː, *lo |
| 鍮 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 緰 | *l'oː, *slo |
| 牏 | *l'oː, *l'os, *lo |
| 揄 | *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo |
| 窬 | *l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo |
| 歈 | *l'oː, *lo |
| 俞 | *l̥ʰus, *lo |
| 隃 | *slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo |
| 毹 | *sro |
| 輸 | *hljo, *hljos |
| 鄃 | *hljo, *lo |
| 腧 | *hljos |
| 逾 | *lo |
| 榆 | *lo |
| 愉 | *lo |
| 渝 | *lo |
| 瑜 | *lo |
| 蕍 | *lo |
| 覦 | *lo, *los |
| 蝓 | *lo |
| 踰 | *lo |
| 崳 | *lo |
| 羭 | *lo |
| 堬 | *lo |
| 瘉 | *lo, *loʔ |
| 萮 | *lo |
| 騟 | *lo |
| 愈 | *loʔ |
| 貐 | *loʔ |
| 喻 | *los |
| 諭 | *los |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *los): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yi
    (Hailu, HRS): rhi$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yi$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ê̤ṳ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zy$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ū / jī / lū / jū
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ru$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^6$
*** Yale: yuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
*** Hakka Romanization System: i
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)i
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhi$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒi¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /i⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ê̤ṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /øy²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zy$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ū
*** Tâi-lô: ū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: u
*** IPA (Xiamen): /u²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /u⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jī
*** Tâi-lô: jī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ji
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zi²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lū
*** Tâi-lô: lū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lu²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lu³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lu⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jū
*** Tâi-lô: jū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ju
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zu²²/
* ū/jī - literary;
* lū/jū - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: yuH
Rime :
| Character | 喻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羊戍切 |
| Baxter | yuH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jio$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /io$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /io$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lo-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*los/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 喻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yu$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*lo-s/ |
| English | understand; metaphor |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 喻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15880 |
| Phonetic component | 俞 |
| Rime group | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 裕 |
| Old Chinese | /*los/ |
| Notes | 同諭 |

#### Definitions

喻
* (alt. form 諭／谕) to inform; to notify; to explain
* to understand; to know
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
    Zǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ yù yú yì, xiǎorén yù yú lì.” [Pinyin]
    The gentleman comprehends according to right, the small man comprehends according to profit.
    From: c. 810,白居易 (Bai Juyi),《買花》, translation based on Arthur Waley's work
    Dītóu dú chángtàn, cǐ tàn wúrén yù: Yī cóng shēnsè huā, shí hù zhōngrén fù. [Pinyin]
    He bowed his head and let out a deep sigh, yet nobody else was able to read his thoughts: "A bouquet of crimson flowers costs the sum of the taxes of ten middle-class households."
* to draw an analogy; to liken; to use a metaphor
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 不可理喻 (bùkělǐyù)
* 不可言喻 (bùkěyányù)
* 不知所喻
* 不言而喻 (bùyán'éryù)
* 借喻
* 告喻
* 呴喻
* 喻世明言
* 喻依
* 喻咀 (Yùzuǐ)
* 喻詞 / 喻词
* 喻體 / 喻体 (yùtǐ)
* 嘔喻 / 呕喻
* 多歧援喻
* 妙喻
* 妙喻取譬
* 家喻戶曉 / 家喻户晓 (jiāyùhùxiǎo)
* 引喻失義 / 引喻失义 (yǐnyùshīyì)
* 明喻 (míngyù)
* 暗喻 (ànyù)
* 比喻 (bǐyù)
* 比喻義 / 比喻义 (bǐyùyì)
* 理喻 (lǐyù)
* 略喻
* 百喻經 / 百喻经
* 直喻
* 罕譬而喻
* 自喻
* 舟水之喻
* 言喻 (yányù)
* 詭喻 / 诡喻
* 譬喻 (pìyù)
* 豆萁之喻
* 辭喻橫生 / 辞喻横生
* 遠引曲喻 / 远引曲喻
* 酒喻聖賢 / 酒喻圣贤
* 隱喻 / 隐喻 (yǐnyù)
* 難以言喻 / 难以言喻 (nányǐyányù)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yú (yu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yú
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yú
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^2$
*** Yale: yú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y³⁵/

#### Definitions

喻
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 愉 (yú, “happy”)

#### Compounds

* 呴喻
* 喻家山
* 嘔喻 / 呕喻
* 新喻 (Xīnyú)

### References

* “喻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “喻”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 292.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 喻 |
| Print standard | 喩 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 喩)
* Extended shinjitai form of 喩

#### Readings

* Go-on: ゆ (yu)
* Kan-on: ゆ (yu)
* Kun: さとす (satosu, 喻す)、さとる (satoru, 喻る)、たとえる (tatoeru, 喻える)
* Nanori: さとり (satori)

### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 喻 – see the following entry. :
| 【喩】S | [kanji] jōyō kanji [kanji] metaphor Kanji reading: ゆ, さとす, さとる, たとえる, さとり |
(This term, 喻, is an extended shinjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

喻 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

喻: Hán Việt readings: dụ, du
喻: Nôm readings: dụ, dầu, dẫu, dỗ, nhủ, rủ, dẩu
* chữ Hán form of dụ (“allegory, metaphor, to explain”).

#### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* 1 2 Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).