# 妄

| 妄 | U+5984, &#22916; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5984 |
| ← 妃 [U+5983] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 妅 → [U+5985] |

## Translingual
### Han character

妄 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜女女 (YVV), four-corner 0040$_4$, composition ⿱亡女)

#### Derived characters

* 侫, 𭇭, 𢙗, 𤥑, 𭾰, 𥿺, 𧊷, 𧧄, 𨦩, 𫱤, 𫙜, 𪦍, 𫱏

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 256, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6063
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1027, character 9
* Unihan data for U+5984

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 妄 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 忙 | *maːŋ |
| 芒 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 茫 | *maːŋ |
| 恾 | *maːŋ |
| 吂 | *maːŋ, *maːŋs |
| 汒 | *maːŋ, *maŋs |
| 朚 | *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs |
| 邙 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 杗 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 荒 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs |
| 肓 | *hmaːŋ |
| 衁 | *hmaːŋ |
| 巟 | *hmaːŋ |
| 詤 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ |
| 慌 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ |
| 謊 | *hmaːŋʔ |
| 喪 | *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ |
| 亡 | *maŋ |
| 望 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 莣 | *maŋ |
| 朢 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 鋩 | *maŋ |
| 硭 | *maŋ |
| 忘 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 网 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 罔 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 蛧 | *maŋʔ |
| 網 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 輞 | *maŋʔ |
| 棢 | *maŋʔ |
| 惘 | *maŋʔ |
| 菵 | *maŋʔ |
| 誷 | *maŋʔ |
| 魍 | *maŋʔ |
| 妄 | *maŋs |
| 盲 | *mraːŋ |
| 蝱 | *mraːŋ |
| 虻 | *mraːŋ |
| 氓 | *mraːŋ |
| 甿 | *mraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 女 (“woman”).
With 亡 also including meanings of “loss” or “destruction”, this character can be interpreted as the loss (亡) of one's proper reason after being seduced by a woman (女).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wàng (wang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mong$^5$ / mong$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mong
* Eastern Min (BUC): uông
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bōng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuang$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$vaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wàng
*** Wade–Giles: wang$^4$
*** Yale: wàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanq
*** Palladius: ван (van)
*** Sinological IPA : /wɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mong$^5$ / mong$^6$
*** Yale: móhng / mohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mong$^5$ / mong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mong$^5$ / mong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔːŋ¹³/, /mɔːŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mong
*** Hakka Romanization System: mong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /moŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: uông
*** Sinological IPA : /uɔŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mō̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōng
*** Tâi-lô: bōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhuang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buáng
*** Sinological IPA : /buaŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$vaon
*** MiniDict: vaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$vaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vɑ̃²³/
* Middle Chinese: mjangH
Rime :
| Character | 妄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 巫放切 |
| Baxter | mjangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mʉɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /miuaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /miwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mong$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*maŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 妄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*maŋ-s/ |
| English | reckless |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12684 |
| Phonetic component | 亡 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 妄 |
| Old Chinese | /*maŋs/ |

### Definitions

妄
* improper; unrighteous
* absurd; foolish
* reckless; wild; presumptuous
* insolent; arrogant
* wilfully; recklessly; presumptuously

### Compounds

* 不敢妄言
* 任性妄為 / 任性妄为
* 僭妄 (jiànwàng)
* 塵妄 / 尘妄
* 大膽妄為 / 大胆妄为
* 妄下雌黃 / 妄下雌黄
* 妄人 (wàngrén)
* 妄作 (wàngzuò)
* 妄動 / 妄动 (wàngdòng)
* 妄圖 / 妄图 (wàngtú)
* 妄念
* 妄想 (wàngxiǎng)
* 妄想症 (wàngxiǎngzhèng)
* 妄求 (wàngqiú)
* 妄為 / 妄为 (wàngwéi)
* 妄生穿鑿 / 妄生穿凿
* 妄稱 / 妄称 (wàngchēng)
* 妄自尊大 (wàngzìzūndà)
* 妄自菲薄 (wàngzìfěibó)
* 妄言 (wàngyán)
* 妄言妄聽 / 妄言妄听
* 妄言輕動 / 妄言轻动
* 妄說 / 妄说
* 妄語 / 妄语 (wàngyǔ)
* 妄誕 / 妄诞 (wàngdàn)
* 妖妄
* 姑妄聽之 / 姑妄听之
* 姑妄言之
* 恣意妄為 / 恣意妄为 (zìyìwàngwéi)
* 恣意妄行
* 愚妄 (yúwàng)
* 無妄 / 无妄 (wúwàng)
* 無妄之災 / 无妄之灾 (wúwàngzhīzāi)
* 無妄之禍 / 无妄之祸
* 無妄之福 / 无妄之福
* 狂妄 (kuángwàng)
* 狂妄自大 (kuángwàngzìdà)
* 痴心妄想 (chīxīnwàngxiǎng)
* 目不妄視 / 目不妄视
* 真妄
* 瞽言妄舉 / 瞽言妄举
* 禍不妄至 / 祸不妄至
* 肆意妄為 / 肆意妄为
* 膽大妄為 / 胆大妄为
* 虛妄 / 虚妄 (xūwàng)
* 言十妄九
* 言狂意妄
* 誕妄 / 诞妄 (dànwàng)
* 謀虛逐妄 / 谋虚逐妄
* 謬妄 / 谬妄 (miùwàng)
* 譫妄 / 谵妄 (zhānwàng)
* 貪心妄想 / 贪心妄想
* 輕舉妄動 / 轻举妄动 (qīngjǔ-wàngdòng)
* 逞意妄為 / 逞意妄为
* 驕矜狂妄 / 骄矜狂妄

### References

* “妄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* a lie
* carelessly

#### Readings

* Go-on: もう (mō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
* Kun: みだりに (midari ni, 妄りに)

#### Compounds

* 妄言(もうげん) (mōgen), 妄言(ぼうげん) (bōgen)
* 妄信(もうしん) (mōshin), 妄信(ぼうしん) (bōshin)
* 妄説(もうせつ) (mōsetsu), 妄説(ぼうせつ) (bōsetsu)
* 妄想(もうそう) (mōsō), 妄想(ぼうそう) (bōsō)
* 妄誕(もうたん) (mōtan), 妄誕(ぼうたん) (bōtan): groundlessness, additionally, groundless talk
* 妄動(もうどう) (mōdō), 妄動(ぼうどう) (bōdō)
* 妄念(もうねん) (mōnen)

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean Readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ma̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [망]

### Hanja

Wikisource 妄 (eumhun 허망할 망 (heomanghal mang))
* hanja form of 망 (“absurd, foolish, reckless”)
* hanja form of 망 (“false”)

#### Compounds

* 망념 (妄念, mangnyeom)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

妄: Hán Nôm readings: vọng, vòng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.