# 砂

| 砂 | U+7802, &#30722; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7802 |
| ← 码 [U+7801] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 砃 → [U+7803] |

## Translingual
### Han character

砂 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口火竹 (MRFH), four-corner 1962$_0$, composition ⿰石少)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24046
* Dae Jaweon: page 1242, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2420, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7802

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 硰 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl |
| 娑 | *saːl, *saːlʔ |
| 挱 | *saːl, *sraːl |
| 挲 | *saːl |
| 桫 | *saːl |
| 渻 | *saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ |
| 沙 | *sraːl, *sraːls |
| 紗 | *sraːl |
| 砂 | *sraːl |
| 鯊 | *sraːl |
| 裟 | *sraːl |
| 桬 | *sraːl |
| 髿 | *sraːl, *soːl |
| 魦 | *sraːl, *soːl |
| 莎 | *soːl |
| 莏 | *soːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sraːl): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 少 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls). Originally, this character was a variant form of 沙, a Pictogram (象形) that represents the appearance of sand along a riverbank.

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shā (sha$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saa$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sâ
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): soa / see / se / sa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sua$^1$ / sa$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$so
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shā
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sha
*** Wade–Giles: sha$^1$
*** Yale: shā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
*** Palladius: ша (ša)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saa$^1$
*** Yale: sā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /saː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâ
*** Hakka Romanization System: sa$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sa$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sa²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa
*** Tâi-lô: sua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soaf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sua³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: see
*** Tâi-lô: see
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se
*** Tâi-lô: se
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sef
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa
*** Tâi-lô: sa
*** Phofsit Daibuun: saf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sa³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sa⁴⁴/
* soa/see/se - vernacular;
* sa - literary.
* Middle Chinese: srae
Rime :
| Character | 砂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 所加切 |
| Baxter | srae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠa/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃa/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃa/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃa/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saa$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sraːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 砂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11027 |
| Phonetic component | 沙 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鯊 |
| Old Chinese | /*sraːl/ |
| Notes | 俗沙字 |

### Definitions

砂
* Alternative form of 沙 (“sand”)
* Alternative form of 沙 (“extremely mushy and/or rough (as sand), texture of a watermelon of good quality”)
    砂糖 ― shātáng ― granulated sugar
    硒砂瓜 ― xīshāguā ― Selenium(-rich) Gourd
* (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 砂拉越 (Shālāyuè, “Sarawak”).

### Compounds

* 丹砂 (dānshā)
* 丹砂井
* 守宮砂 / 守宫砂
* 抱砂鍋 / 抱砂锅
* 揚砂走石 / 扬砂走石
* 搏砂煉汞 / 搏砂炼汞
* 摶砂弄汞 / 抟砂弄汞
* 摶砂煉汞 / 抟砂炼汞
* 朱砂 (zhūshā)
* 朱砂符
* 毒砂
* 海砂屋
* 漆砂硯 / 漆砂砚
* 炊砂作飯 / 炊砂作饭
* 環砂 / 环砂 (Huánshā)
* 白砂
* 白砂糖 (báishātáng)
* 矽砂
* 砂丘
* 砂仁 (shārén)
* 砂囊
* 砂土 (shātǔ)
* 砂岩 (shāyán)
* 砂島 / 砂岛
* 砂布
* 砂模
* 砂漿 / 砂浆 (shājiāng)
* 砂煲
* 砂眼 (shāyǎn)
* 砂石 (shāshí)
* 砂石場 / 砂石场
* 砂石車 / 砂石车
* 砂磨
* 砂礫 / 砂砾 (shālì)
* 砂礫礦床 / 砂砾矿床
* 砂糖 (shātáng)
* 砂紙 / 砂纸 (shāzhǐ)
* 砂質 / 砂质
* 砂輪 / 砂轮 (shālún)
* 砂輪機 / 砂轮机
* 砂金 (shājīn)
* 砂鍋 / 砂锅 (shāguō)
* 硃砂 / 朱砂 (zhūshā)
* 硃砂痣 / 朱砂痣
* 硼砂 (péngshā)
* 磠砂 / 硵砂 (lǔshā)
* 磨砂玻璃 (móshā bōli)
* 礦砂 / 矿砂
* 紫砂器
* 紫砂陶
* 縮砂蔤 / 缩砂蔤
* 翻砂
* 解玉砂
* 走石飛砂 / 走石飞砂
* 辰砂 (chénshā)
* 重砂
* 金剛砂 / 金刚砂 (jīngāngshā)
* 鋼砂 / 钢砂
* 鐵砂 / 铁砂
* 風吹砂 / 风吹砂
* 風成砂岩 / 风成砂岩
* 飛砂 / 飞砂 (fēishā)
* 飛砂揚礫 / 飞砂扬砾
* 飛砂走石 / 飞砂走石 (fēi shā zǒu shí)
* 飛砂轉石 / 飞砂转石

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* sand

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
* Kun: すな (suna, 砂, Jōyō)、いさご (isago, 砂)

#### Compounds

* 砂(さ)金(きん) (sakin, “gold dust”)
* 砂(さ)漣(れん) (saren, “sand ripple”)
* 砂(さ)漏(ろう) (sarō, “hourglass”)
* 砂(じゃ)利(り) (jari, “gravel; child”), 砂(ざ)利(り) (zari, “gravel”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 砂
* すな Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 沙

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) すな [sùná] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sɨna̠]

#### Noun

砂(すな) • (suna)
* sand

##### Derived terms

* 砂(すな)時(ど)計(けい) (sunadokei, “hourglass”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 砂
* いさご Grade: 6
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spellings
* 沙 沙子

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いさご [ìságó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [isa̠ɡo̞]

#### Noun

砂(いさご) • (isago)
* sand
* small rock

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

砂 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

砂: Hán Nôm readings: sa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Yonaguni
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

### Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 砂 (suna).

### Noun

砂(ちな) (china)
* sand

## Yoron
### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

### Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 砂 (suna).

### Noun

砂(しな) (shina)
* sand