# blind
## English
### Alternative forms

* blinde (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English blynd, from Old English blind, from Proto-West Germanic *blind, from Proto-Germanic *blindaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /blaɪnd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪnd

### Adjective

blind (comparative blinder, superlative blindest)
* (not comparable) Unable to see, or only partially able to see.
    Synonym: sightless
    Antonyms: seeing, sighted
    Even a blind hen sometimes finds a grain of corn.
    Braille is a writing system for the blind.
    his blind eye
** c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:He that is strucken blind cannot forget / The precious treasure of his eyesight lost.
** 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:He was plainly blind, for he tapped before him with a stick, and wore a great green shade over his eyes and nose...
* (comparable) Failing to recognize, acknowledge or perceive.
    The lovers were blind to each other’s faults.
    Authors are blind to their own defects.
** 2012, Katy Perry, Max Martin, Bonnie McKee, Dr. Luke, Cirkut (lyrics and music), “Wide Awake”, in Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection‎, performed by Katy Perry:God knows that I tried / Seeing the bright side / (I’m wide awake) / But I’m not blind anymore
* (not comparable, of a place) Having little or no visibility.
    a blind path
    a blind ditch
    a blind corner
** 1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC:the blind mazes of this tangled wood
* (not comparable) Closed at one end; having a dead end; exitless.
    a blind alley
    a blind fistula
    a blind gut
** 1898, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, page 498:The naric-hypophysial canal was blind at both ends, and paired olfactory sacs opened into it, as well as a narrow canal from the front of the gut.
** 1914, James Joyce, Araby:North Richmond street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers' School set the boys free.
* (not comparable) Having no openings for light or passage; both dark and exitless.
    a blind wall
    a blind alley
* (in certain phrases, chiefly in the negative) Smallest or slightest.
    I shouted, but he didn’t take a blind bit of notice.
    We pulled and pulled, but it didn't make a blind bit of difference.
* (not comparable) Without any prior knowledge.
    He took a blind guess at which fork in the road would take him to the airport.
    I went into the meeting totally blind, so I really didn’t have a clue what I was talking about.
* (not comparable) Unconditional; without regard to evidence, logic, reality, accidental mistakes, extenuating circumstances, etc.
    blind deference
    blind justice
    blind punishment
** 1787–1788, John Jay, The Federalist Papers
    This plan is recommended neither to blind approbation nor to blind reprobation.
** 1977, Dennis DeYoung (lyrics and music), “The Grand Illusion”, in The Grand Illusion, performed by Styx:America spells competition / Join us in our blind ambition / Get yourself a brand-new motor car
* (sciences) Using blinded study design, wherein information is purposely limited to prevent bias.
    a blind trial
* Unintelligible or illegible.
    a blind passage in a book; blind writing
* (horticulture) Abortive; failing to produce flowers or fruit.
    blind buds
    blind flowers
* (LGBTQ, slang) Uncircumcised.

#### Derived terms

* a nod is as good as a wink to a blind horse
* are you blind
* beblind
* blind abscess
* blind alley
* blind as a bat
* blind as a beetle
* blind as an owl
* blind axle
* blind bag
* blind bit
* blind boil
* blind box
* blind carbon copy
* blind coal
* blind-copy
* blind curve
* blind date
* blind drunk
* blind ecash
* blind envelope
* blinders
* blind excuse
* blind faith
* blindfish
* blind-fly
* blindfold
* blind folio
* Blind Freddy
* blindful
* blind grass
* blind gut
* blind hockey
* blind hole
* blindhood
* Blind Hookey
* blindie
* blindish
* blindism
* blind item
* blind lantern
* blind leading the blind
* blind level
* blindly
* blindman
* blindman's buff
* blind map
* blind massage
* blind mole-rat
* blind nailing
* blind passenger
* blind person
* blind pig
* blind pocket
* blind pool
* blind quote
* blind rage
* blind reader
* blinds
* blind scouse
* blind shell
* blindside
* blindsight
* blind snake
* blind spot
* blind stamp
* blind stitch
* blind summit
* Blind Swine Mate
* blind thrust fault
* blind tiger
* blind trust
* blind typewriter
* blindworm
* colour-blind, color-blind
* deafblind
* double-blind
* emblind
* even a blind pig can find an acorn once in a while
* even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while
* face-blind
* gender-blind
* gender blind
* go it blind
* gravel-blind
* green-blind
* inattentionally blind
* inblind
* in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king
* I see, said the blind man
* justice is blind
* love is blind
* mindblindness
* moon-blind
* moonblind
* night-blind
* nonblind
* nose blind
* nose-blind
* overblind
* perceptually blind
* purblind
* race-blind
* rob somebody blind
* sand-blind
* single-blind
* snowblind
* snow-blind
* stereoblind
* stone-blind
* strike me blind
* there are none so blind as those who will not see
* time-blind
* triple-blind
* turn a blind eye
* unblind
* word-blind

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### See also

* invisible (unable to be seen)
* anosmic
* deaf
* print disabled

### Noun

blind (plural blinds)
* A movable covering for a window to keep out light, made of cloth or of narrow slats that can block light or allow it to pass.
    Hyponyms: roller blind, Venetian blind
** 1941 June, “Notes and News: The Derelict Glyn Valley Tramway”, in Railway Magazine, page 279:A blind bearing the monogram G.V.T. is pulled down over the waiting room window as if still in mourning for the passing of the railway.
** 1956, Delano Ames, chapter 12, in Crime out of Mind‎:Light filtered in through the blinds of the french windows. It made tremulous stripes along the scrubbed pine floor.
* A destination sign mounted on a public transport vehicle displaying the route destination, number, name and/or via points, etc.
* A place where people can hide in order to observe wildlife.
    a duck blind
    Field biologists use blinds, and so do hunters.
** 2010, Jennifer Egan, A Visit from the Goon Squad, Corsair (2011):A gang of children […] stampede along a slatted path to a blind beside a watering hole: a wooden hut full of long benches with a slot they can peek through, invisible to the animals.
* Something to mislead the eye or the understanding, or to conceal some covert deed or design; a subterfuge.
* (military) A blindage.
* A hiding place.
** 1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:So, when the watchful shepherd, from the blind, Wounds with a random shaft the careless hind
* (rugby, colloquial) The blindside.
* (baseball, slang, 1800s) No score.
* (poker) A forced bet: the small blind or the big blind.
    The blinds are $10 and $20, and the ante is $1.
* (poker) A player who is forced to pay such a bet.
    The blinds immediately folded when I reraised.

#### Synonyms

* (destination sign): rollsign (mainly US)

#### Derived terms

* accordion blind
* big blind
* blinders
* blindless
* blind map
* miniblind
* muscleblind
* small blind
* sunblind
* Venetian blind

#### See also

* curtain
* jalousie

### Verb

blind (third-person singular simple present blinds, present participle blinding, simple past and past participle blinded)
* (transitive) To make temporarily or permanently blind.
    The light was so bright that for a moment he was blinded.
    Don’t wave that pencil in my face—do you want to blind me?
** May 9, 1686 (date of preaching), Robert South, The Fatal Imposture and Force of Words (sermon)
    A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but a guide that blinds those whom he should lead is […] a much greater.
* (slang, obsolete) To curse.
** 1890, Rudyard Kipling, The Young British Soldier:If you’re cast for fatigue by a sergeant unkind, Don’t grouse like a woman, nor crack on, nor blind; Be handy and civil, and then you will find That it’s beer for the young British soldier.
* To darken; to obscure to the eye or understanding; to conceal.
** 1717, John Dryden [et al.], “(please specify |book=I to XV)”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:Such darkness blinds the sky.
** 1676, Edward Stillingfleet, A Defence of the Discourse Concerning the Idolatry Practised in the Church of Rome:The state of the controversy between us he endeavored, with all his art, to blind and confound.
* To cover with a thin coating of sand and fine gravel, for example a road newly paved, in order that the joints between the stones may be filled.

#### Derived terms

* blindability
* blindable
* blinded by nostalgia
* blinder
* blinding
* blindness
* blind with science

#### Translations
### Adverb

blind (comparative more blind, superlative most blind)
* Without seeing; unseeingly.
** 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 196:It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind - as is very proper for those who tackle a darkness.
* (colloquial) Absolutely, totally.
    to swear blind
** 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 195:It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind - as is very proper for those who tackle a darkness.
* (poker, three card brag) Without looking at the cards dealt.
* (cooking, especially in combination with ‘bake’) As a pastry case only, without any filling.
    Blind bake your pie case for fifteen minutes, then add the filling. This will help avoid a “soggy bottom”.
** 2012, Frank D. Conforti, Food Selection and Preparation: A Laboratory Manual, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 63:If the shell is going to be baked without a filling, “baking the crust blind,” prick the bottom and sides of the crust to allow the steam to escape. Another variation: line the bottom of the crust with parchment paper […]
** 2013, Dorie Greenspan, Baking: From My Home to Yours, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 490:PIE WEIGHTS: When you are baking a crust blind, which means when you are partially or fully baking it without filling (see blind-baking, page 474), you need something to keep the crust from puffing up: weights.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ A. F. Niemoeller, "A Glossary of Homosexual Slang," Fact 2, no. 1 (Jan-Feb 1965): 25

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch blind, from Middle Dutch blint, from Old Dutch *blint, from Proto-Germanic *blindaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /blənt/

### Adjective

blind (attributive blinde, comparative blinder, superlative blindste)
* blind (unable to see)

#### Derived terms

* blindheid

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse blindr, from Proto-Germanic *blindaz.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -end

### Adjective

blind
* blind

#### Inflection

$^1$ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. $^2$ The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

### References

* “blind” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /blɪnt/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: blind
* Rhymes: -ɪnt

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch blint, from Old Dutch *blint, from Proto-West Germanic *blind, from Proto-Germanic *blindaz.

#### Adjective

blind (comparative blinder, superlative blindst)
* blind (unable to see)
    Hij is sinds zijn geboorte blind.He has been blind since his birth.

##### Derived terms

* blinde vink
* blinde vlek
* blindganger
* blindheid
* blindstaren
* blindweg
* verblinden

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: blind
* Berbice Creole Dutch: blende
* Negerhollands: blind, blin, blen
* →? Sranan Tongo: breni, blinde, blinni

### Etymology 2

From blinden.

#### Alternative forms

* blinde f

#### Noun

blind n (plural blinden, diminutive blindje n)
* window shutter
    Synonym: luik

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German blint, from Proto-West Germanic *blind.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /blɪnt/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

blind (strong nominative masculine singular blinder, comparative blinder, superlative am blindesten)
* blind
    blind für Realität ― blind to reality
    blind auf einem Auge ― blind in one eye
* (of a mirror or windowpane) cloudy
** 1918, Elisabeth von Heyking, Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 9:
    So dunkel und schauerlich die Gruft aussah, wenn man durch die blinden, bestaubten Scheibchen der kleinen Fenster hineinblickte, so hell und freundlich war oben die Kirche.Just as dark and eerie the crypt looked like, if one looked in it through the cloudy, dusted little panes of the small windows, as bright and friendly was the church above.

#### Derived terms

* blinder Passagier
* farbenblind
* nachtblind

### See also

* blenden

### Further reading

* “blind” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “blind” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “blind” in Duden online

## German Low German
### Etymology

From Middle Low German blint, from Old Saxon blind. Cognate to Dutch blind, German blind.

### Adjective

blind (comparative blinner, superlative blinnst)
* blind

#### Declension
## Icelandic
### Adjective

blind
* inflection of blindur:
** feminine singular nominative strong positive degree
** neuter plural nominative strong positive degree
** neuter plural accusative strong positive degree

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse blindr, from Proto-Germanic *blindaz.

### Adjective

blind (neuter singular blindt, definite singular and plural blinde)
* blind

#### Derived terms

* blindgate
* blindgjenger
* blindhet
* blindpassasjer
* blindtarm
* blindvei
* døvblind
* fargeblind
* snøblind

### References

* “blind” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse blindr, from Proto-Germanic *blindaz. Akin to English blind.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /blɪnː/, /blɪnd/

### Adjective

blind (neuter blindt, definite singular and plural blinde, comparative blindare, indefinite superlative blindast, definite superlative blindaste)
* blind

#### Derived terms

* blindgate
* blindpassasjer
* blindskap
* blindtarm
* døvblind
* fargeblind
* snøblind

### Verb

blind
* imperative of blinda

### References

* “blind” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *blind.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /blind/

### Adjective

blind (comparative blindra, superlative blindost)
* blind
** late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
    Fif and twentiġ manna myslīċe ġeuntrume cōmon tō þām hālgan heora hǣle biddende; sum wǣron blinde, sume wǣron healte, sume ēac dēafe, and dumbe ēac sum and hī ealle wurdon ānes dæġes ġehǣlede þurh þæs hālgan þingunge and him hām ġewendon.Twenty-five men, sickened in various ways, came to the saint begging for the health; some were blind, some were lame, some were also deaf, and some were dumb, and they were all healed in one day through the intercession of the saint and went home.
    blind, dēaf, and dumbblind, deaf, and dumb
* (substantive) a blind person

#### Derived terms

* blindnes
* blendan
* blindlīċe
* *samblind
* stærblind

#### Descendants

* Middle English: blynd, blynde, blind, blend, blyn
** English: blind
** Scots: blind, blynd
** Yola: blin

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *blind.

### Adjective

blind
* blind

#### Declension
## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish blinder, from Old Norse blindr, from Proto-Germanic *blindaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /blɪnːd/

### Adjective

blind (comparative blindare, superlative blindast)
* blind; unable or failing to see
    Om man är blind så kan man inte seIf you are blind, you cannot see
    Jag litade blint på honomI trusted him blindly
    Jag var blind för vad som pågickI was blind to what was going on
* blind; closed at one end; having a dead end; exitless
    ett blint röra dead-end pipe

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

#### Derived terms

* blindgång
* blindgångare
(unable to see):
* blindbock
* blindstyre
* färgblind
(exitless):
* blindblåsing
* blindgata (“dead-end street”)
* blindhjälm
* blindkittel
* blindkolning
* blindrör
* blindsäck
* blindtarm (“caecum; apendix”)

#### See also

* blända
* förblinda
* i blindo

### References

* blind in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* blind in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* blind in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)