# paha
## English
### Noun

paha (plural pahas or paha)
* An elongated landform composed of only loess, or of till capped by loess.
    Synonym: greda

## Bikol Central
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpahaʔ/ [ˈpa.haʔ]
* IPA: /ˈpaʔaʔ/ [ˈpa.ʔaʔ] (h-dropping)
* Hyphenation: pa‧ha

#### Adjective

pahà (plural paraha, Basahan spelling ᜉᜑ)
* thirsty
    Paha na ako.I'm thirsty.

##### Derived terms

* kapahaan
* magpaha
* makapaha
* mapaha
* pagkapaha
* pahaon

##### See also

* gutom
* punaw

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish faja.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaha/ [ˈpa.ha]
* Hyphenation: pa‧ha

#### Noun

páha (Basahan spelling ᜉᜑ)
* belt
    Synonyms: hagkos, sinturon
* sash
    Synonym: abay

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha, borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*bāga-), from Proto-Germanic *bēgaz.

### Adjective

paha (genitive paha, partitive paha, comparative pahem, superlative kõige pahem)
* bad
* evil

#### Declension
## Finnish
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝ɦɑ̝]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
* Hyphenation: pa‧ha

### Adjective

paha (comparative pahempi, superlative pahin)
* bad, evil, ill
    Synonyms: häijy, ilkeä
    Antonyms: hyvä, kiltti
* bad, unsuitable, unfitting, unhealthy
    Synonym: huono
    Antonym: hyvä
    olla pahaksi jollekulle ― to be bad/unhealthy for someone
* bad, unpleasant, unsavory; distasteful, unpalatable; foul, malodorous
    Antonym: hyvä
* bad, difficult, serious, severe, urgent
    Synonym: vakava
* difficult, hard, tricky
    Synonym: vaikea
    Antonym: helppo
    paha kysymys ― tricky question
* (chiefly in expressions) bad, sorry
    Minulla on paha mieli. ― I feel sad / offended. (literally, “I have a bad mind.”)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
pahani
pahani
accusative
nom.
pahani
pahani
gen.
pahani
genitive
pahani
pahojeni pahaini $^{rare}$
partitive
pahaani
pahojani
inessive
pahassani
pahoissani
elative
pahastani
pahoistani
illative
pahaani
pahoihini
adessive
pahallani
pahoillani
ablative
pahaltani
pahoiltani
allative
pahalleni
pahoilleni
essive
pahanani
pahoinani
translative
pahakseni
pahoikseni
abessive
pahattani
pahoittani
instructive
comitative
—pahoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
pahasi
pahasi
accusative
nom.
pahasi
pahasi
gen.
pahasi
genitive
pahasi
pahojesi pahaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
pahaasi
pahojasi
inessive
pahassasi
pahoissasi
elative
pahastasi
pahoistasi
illative
pahaasi
pahoihisi
adessive
pahallasi
pahoillasi
ablative
pahaltasi
pahoiltasi
allative
pahallesi
pahoillesi
essive
pahanasi
pahoinasi
translative
pahaksesi
pahoiksesi
abessive
pahattasi
pahoittasi
instructive
comitative
—pahoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
pahamme
pahamme
accusative
nom.
pahamme
pahamme
gen.
pahamme
genitive
pahamme
pahojemme pahaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
pahaamme
pahojamme
inessive
pahassamme
pahoissamme
elative
pahastamme
pahoistamme
illative
pahaamme
pahoihimme
adessive
pahallamme
pahoillamme
ablative
pahaltamme
pahoiltamme
allative
pahallemme
pahoillemme
essive
pahanamme
pahoinamme
translative
pahaksemme
pahoiksemme
abessive
pahattamme
pahoittamme
instructive
comitative
—pahoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
pahanne
pahanne
accusative
nom.
pahanne
pahanne
gen.
pahanne
genitive
pahanne
pahojenne pahainne $^{rare}$
partitive
pahaanne
pahojanne
inessive
pahassanne
pahoissanne
elative
pahastanne
pahoistanne
illative
pahaanne
pahoihinne
adessive
pahallanne
pahoillanne
ablative
pahaltanne
pahoiltanne
allative
pahallenne
pahoillenne
essive
pahananne
pahoinanne
translative
pahaksenne
pahoiksenne
abessive
pahattanne
pahoittanne
instructive
comitative
—pahoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
pahansa
pahansa
accusative
nom.
pahansa
pahansa
gen.
pahansa
genitive
pahansa
pahojensa pahainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
pahaansa
pahojaan pahojansa
inessive
pahassaan pahassansa
pahoissaan pahoissansa
elative
pahastaan pahastansa
pahoistaan pahoistansa
illative
pahaansa
pahoihinsa
adessive
pahallaan pahallansa
pahoillaan pahoillansa
ablative
pahaltaan pahaltansa
pahoiltaan pahoiltansa
allative
pahalleen pahallensa
pahoilleen pahoillensa
essive
pahanaan pahanansa
pahoinaan pahoinansa
translative
pahakseen pahaksensa
pahoikseen pahoiksensa
abessive
pahattaan pahattansa
pahoittaan pahoittansa
instructive
comitative
—pahoineen pahoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* mielipaha
* pahaa-aavistamaton
* paha-aikeinen
* pahaenteinen
* pahahenki
* pahakaikuinen
* pahaluontoinen
* pahamaineinen
* pahanhajuinen
* pahanilkinen
* pahanilmanlintu
* pahankurinen
* pahanlaatuinen
* pahanluontoinen
* pahanmakuinen
* pahannäköinen
* pahanolontunne
* pahanpäiväinen
* pahansisuinen
* pahansuopa
* pahantahtoinen
* pahantapainen
* pahantekijä
* pahanteko
* pahantuulinen
* pahapuolukka
* pahaputki
* pahapäinen
* pahasuinen
* pahatapainen
* pahaääninen
* pahoillaan
* pahoin
* pahoinvoipa
* pahoinvoiva
* pahainen
* pahanlainen
* pahasti
* pahiten
* pahalainen
* pahanen
* pahe
* pahis
* paholainen
* pahus
* pahuus
* pahastella
* pahastua
* paheksua
* pahentaa
* paheta
* pahoittaa

### Noun

paha
* the evil
    Synonym: pahuus
    Antonyms: hyvä, hyvyys

#### Declension

Possessive forms of paha (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
pahani
accusative
nom.
pahani
gen.
pahani
genitive
pahani
partitive
pahaani
inessive
pahassani
elative
pahastani
illative
pahaani
adessive
pahallani
ablative
pahaltani
allative
pahalleni
essive
pahanani
translative
pahakseni
abessive
pahattani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
pahasi
accusative
nom.
pahasi
gen.
pahasi
genitive
pahasi
partitive
pahaasi
inessive
pahassasi
elative
pahastasi
illative
pahaasi
adessive
pahallasi
ablative
pahaltasi
allative
pahallesi
essive
pahanasi
translative
pahaksesi
abessive
pahattasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
pahamme
accusative
nom.
pahamme
gen.
pahamme
genitive
pahamme
partitive
pahaamme
inessive
pahassamme
elative
pahastamme
illative
pahaamme
adessive
pahallamme
ablative
pahaltamme
allative
pahallemme
essive
pahanamme
translative
pahaksemme
abessive
pahattamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
pahanne
accusative
nom.
pahanne
gen.
pahanne
genitive
pahanne
partitive
pahaanne
inessive
pahassanne
elative
pahastanne
illative
pahaanne
adessive
pahallanne
ablative
pahaltanne
allative
pahallenne
essive
pahananne
translative
pahaksenne
abessive
pahattanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
pahansa
accusative
nom.
pahansa
gen.
pahansa
genitive
pahansa
partitive
pahaansa
inessive
pahassaan pahassansa
elative
pahastaan pahastansa
illative
pahaansa
adessive
pahallaan pahallansa
ablative
pahaltaan pahaltansa
allative
pahalleen pahallensa
essive
pahanaan pahanansa
translative
pahakseen pahaksensa
abessive
pahattaan pahattansa
instructive
comitative

### Further reading

* “paha”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Guaraní
### Etymology

From pa (“ten”) +‎ -ha (ordinal number suffix).

### Adjective

paha
* (ordinal number) tenth

## Hawaiian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Particle

paha
* Used to indicate the conditional mood, expressed in English as perhaps, might, possibly

#### Usage notes

Follows the word it modifies.

### Conjunction

ā ... paha
* or

#### Usage notes

The verb (and its modifying particles) go between ā and paha.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay paha, from Proto-Malayic *paha(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈpaha/ [ˈpa.ha]
* Rhymes: -aha
* Syllabification: pa‧ha

### Noun

paha (plural paha-paha)
* (anatomy) thigh (upper leg)

#### Derived terms

* memaha
* sepaha
* paha belalang

### Further reading

* “paha” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ingrian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha and Estonian paha.

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
* Hyphenation: pa‧ha

### Adjective

paha (comparative pahemp)
* bad
    paha ilma ― bad weather

#### Antonyms

* hyvä

#### Derived terms

* pahain
* pahalain
* pahameeliin
* pahantekijä
* pahapäivä
* pahhuus

#### See also

* kurja

### References

* Fedor Tumansky (1790) “пага”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 679
* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 371

## Karelian

Regional variants of paha :
| North Karelian (Viena) | paha |
| South Karelian (Tver) | paha |

### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha and Estonian paha.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑhɑ/
* Hyphenation: pa‧ha

### Noun

paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua)
* evil spirit

### Adjective

paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua, comparative pahempi / pahembi, superlative pahin)
* bad

#### Declension
### References

* A. V. Punzhina (1994) “paha”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
* P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

## Livvi
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha and Estonian paha.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑhɑ/
* Hyphenation: pa‧ha
* Rhymes: -ɑhɑ

### Adjective

paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua, comparative pahembi, superlative pahin)
* bad
* wicked

### Noun

paha (genitive pahan, partitive pahua)
* grief
* evil

#### Declension
### References

* Tatjana Boiko (2019) “paha”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 198

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* peha (common nonstandard spelling)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaha/ [ˈpa.ha]
* IPA: /ˈpəhə/ [ˈpə.hə] (Johor-Riau)
* Rhymes: -aha, -ha, -a
* Hyphenation: pa‧ha

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *paha(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”). Cognate with Tagalog paa (“foot”).

#### Noun

paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)
* thigh (upper leg)
    Paha ayamChicken thigh
    Paha manusiaHuman thigh

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: paha

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)
* (archaic, mathematics) a fourth, a quarter
    Synonyms: perempat, suku

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

paha (Jawi spelling ڤها, plural paha-paha, informal 1st possessive pahaku, 2nd possessive pahamu, 3rd possessive pahanya)
* a type of bird; Dicrurus aeneus malayensis

### Further reading

* “paha” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Tagalog
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish faja, from Aragonese faxa, from Latin fascia.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈpaha/ [ˈpaː.hɐ]
* Rhymes: -aha
* Syllabification: pa‧ha

#### Noun

paha (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜑ)
* girdle; band; binder
    Synonyms: bigkis, tali, laso
* paper band such as those wrapped around newspapers or magazines for addressing and mailing purposes

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish paja, from Old Spanish paxa, from Latin palea.

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈpaha/ [ˈpaː.hɐ]
* Rhymes: -aha
* Syllabification: pa‧ha

#### Noun

paha (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜑ)
* straw
    Synonym: dayami

### References

* “paha”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish بها (baha, paha), from Persian بها (bahâ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈha/
* Hyphenation: pa‧ha

### Noun

paha (definite accusative pahayı, plural pahalar)
* price, value

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
paha
pahalar
definite accusative
pahayı
pahaları
dative
pahaya
pahalara
locative
pahada
pahalarda
ablative
pahadan
pahalardan
genitive
pahanın
pahaların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
paham
pahalarım
2nd singular
pahan
pahaların
3rd singular
pahası
pahaları
1st plural
pahamız
pahalarımız
2nd plural
pahanız
pahalarınız
3rd plural
pahaları
pahaları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
pahamı
pahalarımı
2nd singular
pahanı
pahalarını
3rd singular
pahasını
pahalarını
1st plural
pahamızı
pahalarımızı
2nd plural
pahanızı
pahalarınızı
3rd plural
pahalarını
pahalarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
pahama
pahalarıma
2nd singular
pahana
pahalarına
3rd singular
pahasına
pahalarına
1st plural
pahamıza
pahalarımıza
2nd plural
pahanıza
pahalarınıza
3rd plural
pahalarına
pahalarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
pahamda
pahalarımda
2nd singular
pahanda
pahalarında
3rd singular
pahasında
pahalarında
1st plural
pahamızda
pahalarımızda
2nd plural
pahanızda
pahalarınızda
3rd plural
pahalarında
pahalarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
pahamdan
pahalarımdan
2nd singular
pahandan
pahalarından
3rd singular
pahasından
pahalarından
1st plural
pahamızdan
pahalarımızdan
2nd plural
pahanızdan
pahalarınızdan
3rd plural
pahalarından
pahalarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
pahamın
pahalarımın
2nd singular
pahanın
pahalarının
3rd singular
pahasının
pahalarının
1st plural
pahamızın
pahalarımızın
2nd plural
pahanızın
pahalarınızın
3rd plural
pahalarının
pahalarının :

#### Derived terms

* ne pahasına olursa olsun
* paha biçilmez
* paha biçmek
* pahalı

### Further reading

* “paha”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “paha²”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3753

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha. Cognates include Finnish paha.

### Adjective

paha
* bad
* unkind
* disgusting, distasteful
* harmful

#### Derived terms

* paheta

### References

* Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “вредный, гадкий, недобрый, отвратительный”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

## Votic
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paha.

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈpɑhɑ/, [ˈpɑhɑ]
* Rhymes: -ɑhɑ
* Hyphenation: pa‧ha

### Adjective

paha
* bad, poor
* bad, evil, ill
* mischievous

#### Inflection
### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “paha”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn