# ܡܪܕܐ
## Classical Syriac
### Etymology 1

From the root ܡ ܪ ܕ related to resisting, from Proto-Semitic *marad- (“to fortify, to set up resistance”). Compare Hebrew מֶרֶד (méreḏ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɛrdɑ], [m(ə)rɑðɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [mɛrde], [m(ə)rɑðe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܡܸܪܕ݁ܵܐ or ܡܪܵܕ݂ܵܐ • (merdā or mərāḏā) m (plural ܡܸܪ̈ܕܹ݁ܐ (merdē) or ܡܪ̈ܵܕܹܐ (mərāḏē))
* rebellion, revolt
* conspiracy
* fortified place; castle, citadel, stronghold

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From the root ܪ ܕ ܐ related to travelling.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [marde], [mɛrde] (singular and plural)

#### Noun

ܡܲܪܕܹ݁ܐ or ܡܸܪܕܹ݁ܐ • (mardē or merdē) m (plural ܡܲܪ̈ܕܹ݁ܐ (mardē) or ܡܸܪ̈ܕܹ݁ܐ (merdē)) (invariant)
* way, journey, length
* march, walk
* current
* navigation
* trade, swap
* relation

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [m(ə)rɑðɑ] (singular)
* IPA: [m(ə)rɑðe] (plural)

#### Noun

ܡܪܵܕ݂ܵܐ • (mərāḏā) m (plural ܡܪ̈ܵܕ݂ܹܐ (mərāḏē))
* cord used to tie up a camel

##### Inflection
### Etymology 4

Unknown. There was an ancient Northwestern Iranian people called the Μάρδοι (Márdoi, “Mardes”) or Ἄμαρδοι (Ámardoi, “Amardes”), a term presumably identical to Persian مرد (mard, “man”). But identity with the Aramaic word above for a “fortified place, stronghold”, as which the place is described in ancient sources, is more straightforward.

#### Alternative forms

* ܡܪܕܝܢ (merdīn, mardīn) (pluralized)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mɛrdɑ], [mardɑ]

#### Proper noun

ܡܸܪܕ݁ܵܐ or ܡܲܪܕ݁ܵܐ • (merdā or mardā)
* Mardin (a city in today’s Mardin Province in Turkey)
** a. 680, Naṣīr al-Kaʿbī, editor, A Short Chronicle of the End of the Sasanian Empire and Early Islam 590–660 A.D., Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, published 2016, →ISBN, page 48 [25]:ܗܝܕܝܢ ܟܢܫ ܟܘܣܪܘ ܚܝܠܘ̈ܬܐ ܘܥܠܝ ܠܐܪܥܐ ܕܪ̈ܗܘܡܢܐ. ܘܥܒܕ ܬܪ̈ܥܢ ܪ̈ܒܝ ܚ̈ܝܠܐ ܘܫܕܪ ܠܡܥܪܒܐ. ܘܟܒܫܘ ܠܡܪܕܐ ܘܠܐܡܕ. ܘܠܡܝܦܪܩܛ ܘܠܐܘܪܗܝ.Then Khusrow swept together an army and encroached upon the lands of the Byzantines. He appointed two commanders whom he sent to the West, and they pressed upon Mardin, ʾAmed, Mayparqeṭ and Urfa.

### References

* “mrd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* “mrdy$^2$”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 191b
* Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 339a
* Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 299b
* Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 2219
* Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, page 827b
* Wild, Stefan (1973) Libanesische Ortsnamen (Beiruter Texte und Studien; 9)‎, Würzburg · Bayrūt: Ergon-Verlag · al-Furat, published 2008, →ISBN, pages 95–96

### Anagrams

* ܡܕܪܐ