# туча
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tǫča, probably originally meaning precipitation, downpour (compare Old Church Slavonic тѫча (tǫča, “downpour”)). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian туча (“hail”), Slovene tọ́ča (“blizzard”) (dialectal), Russian ту́ча (túča, “rainy cloud”), Polish tęcza (“rainbow”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtut͡ʃɐ]

### Noun

ту́ча • (túča) f
* (obsolescent, dialectal) heavy rainfall, inundation, flood
    Synonyms: поро́й (porój), наводне́ние (navodnénie)

#### Derived terms

* ту́чен (túčen, “rich, abundant, overloaded”)

#### See also

* туч (tuč, “cast iron”) (dialectal, unrelated)

### References

* тѫча in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"
* Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “ту́чꙗ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 386

## Old East Slavic
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tǫ̀ča.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtut͡ɕɑ/→/ˈtut͡ɕa/→/ˈtut͡ɕa/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /ˈtut͡ɕɑ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /ˈtut͡ɕa/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /ˈtut͡ɕa/
* Hyphenation: ту‧ча

### Noun

туча (tuča) f
* rainy cloud

#### Descendants

* Ukrainian: ту́ча (túča)
* Russian: ту́ча (túča)

### References

* Nikolaev, Sergei L. (2020) «Слово о полку Игореве»: реконструкция стихотворного текста [“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”: reconstruction of a poetic text]‎ (in Russian), Moscow, Saint-Petersburg: Nestor-History, →ISBN, page 307

## Russian
### Etymology

From Old East Slavic туча (tuča), from Proto-Slavic *tǫča, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to contract”). Compare the Slavic Old Church Slavonic тѫча (tǫča), Ukrainian ту́ча (túča), Polish tęcza and the Non-Slavic Gothic 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍈𐍉𐌽 (þeiƕōn) and Old Norse þéttr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtut͡ɕə]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ту́ча • (túča) f inan (genitive ту́чи, nominative plural ту́чи, genitive plural туч, relational adjective тучево́й, diminutive ту́чка)
* (meteorology) rain cloud; dark, heavy cloud
    Не́бо затянуто ту́чами. ― Nébo zatjanuto túčami. ― The sky is overcast.
    На не́бе собира́ются ту́чи. ― Na nébe sobirájutsja túči. ― Rain clouds are gathering in the sky.
    грозова́я ту́ча ― grozovája túča ― storm cloud
    ту́чи сгуща́ются (над ке́м-либо)túči sguščájutsja (nad kém-libo)storm clouds are gathering (over someone)
    как ту́ча ― kak túča ― gloomy, morose (about a person)
** 2005, Андрей Юрьевич Курков (Andrey Yuryevich Kurkov), chapter 2, in Закон улитки [The Snail Law]; translated as George Bird, transl., Penguin Lost, 2010:Ту́чи постепе́нно превраща́лись в облака́ и́ли происходи́л како́й-то друго́й труднообъясни́мый для непосвящённых климати́ческий фено́мен. Прогресси́рующая дистрофи́я туч. Они́ ведь и с са́мого нача́ла показа́лись Ви́ктору скоре́е декора́цией, чем предве́стниками ли́вня. Ту́чи бы́ли импоте́нтны, а импоте́нтные ту́чи зову́тся облака́ми, и ве́тер их обы́чно раста́скивает по не́бу до по́лного исчезнове́ния.Túči postepénno prevraščálisʹ v oblaká íli proisxodíl kakój-to drugój trudnoobʺjasnímyj dlja neposvjaščónnyx klimatíčeskij fenómen. Progressírujuščaja/progrɛssírujuščaja distrofíja tuč. Oní vedʹ i s sámovo načála pokazálisʹ Víktoru skoréje dekorácijej, čem predvéstnikami lívnja. Túči býli impoténtny, a impoténtnyje/impotɛ́ntnyje túči zovútsja oblakámi, i véter ix obýčno rastáskivajet po nébu do pólnovo isčeznovénija.The storm clouds gradually turned into [ordinary] clouds, or some other climatic phenomenon took place, inexplicable to the uninitiated. A progressive dystrophy of storm clouds. From the very beginning they had seemed to Viktor decorations rather than harbingers of downpours. The storm clouds were impotent, and impotent storm clouds are [merely] called clouds, and the wind ordinarily drags them across the sky until they completely disappear.
* (figuratively) moving multitude; cloud, host
    ту́чи враго́в ― túči vragóv ― swarms of enemies

#### Related terms

* ту́чный (túčnyj)

#### Descendants

* → Ingrian: tuuca

### See also

* ху́ева ту́ча (xújeva túča)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tût͡ʃa/
* Hyphenation: ту‧ча

### Noun

ту̏ча f (Latin spelling tȕča)
* fight, melee
* hail

#### Further reading

* “туча”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “туча”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Old East Slavic туча (tuča), from Proto-Slavic *tǫča, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to contract”). Compare the Slavic Old Church Slavonic тѫча (tǫča), Russian ту́ча (túča), Polish tęcza and the Non-Slavic Gothic 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍈𐍉𐌽 (þeiƕōn) and Old Norse þéttr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtut͡ʃɐ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ту́ча • (túča) f inan (genitive ту́чі, nominative plural ту́чі, genitive plural туч)
* (meteorology) dark cloud, heavy cloud, rain cloud
* (figuratively, rare) cloud, mass (group or swarm)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “туча”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “туча”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “туча”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
* “туча”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “туча”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “туча”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)