# 婆

| 婆 | U+5A46, &#23110; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A46 |
| ← 婅 [U+5A45] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 婇 → [U+5A47] |

## Translingual
### Han character

婆 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水水女 (EEV), four-corner 3440$_4$, composition ⿱波女)

#### Derived characters

* 嘙, 𫾀, 𪳪, 𡼃, 蔢

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 264, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6390
* Dae Jaweon: page 530, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1061, character 11
* Unihan data for U+5A46

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 陂 | *pral, *prals |
| 詖 | *pral, *prals |
| 彼 | *pralʔ |
| 柀 | *pralʔ |
| 佊 | *pralʔ, *prals |
| 貱 | *prals |
| 跛 | *prals, *paːlʔ |
| 披 | *pʰral, *pʰralʔ |
| 鈹 | *pʰral |
| 帔 | *pʰral, *pʰrals |
| 鮍 | *pʰral |
| 耚 | *pʰral |
| 狓 | *pʰral |
| 翍 | *pʰral |
| 旇 | *pʰral, *brals |
| 秛 | *pʰral, *pʰrals |
| 紴 | *pʰralʔ, *paːl |
| 皮 | *bral |
| 疲 | *bral |
| 被 | *bralʔ, *brals |
| 髲 | *brals |
| 鞁 | *brals |
| 骳 | *mbralʔ |
| 波 | *paːl |
| 碆 | *paːl, *baːl |
| 菠 | *paːl |
| 簸 | *paːlʔ, *paːls |
| 駊 | *paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ |
| 頗 | *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls |
| 坡 | *pʰaːl |
| 玻 | *pʰaːl |
| 破 | *pʰaːls |
| 婆 | *baːl |
| 蔢 | *baːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baːl): phonetic 波 (OC *paːl) + semantic 女 (“woman”).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷa-n ~ *bʷa-n (“grandmother”). Cognate with Burmese ဘွား (bhwa:, “grandmother”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): pó (po$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): po$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): po$^4$ / po$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): po$^3$ / po$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): po$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): phò
    (Meixian, Guangdong): po$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): pe$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): bǒ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): bò̤
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bo$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pô / pô͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pua$^5$ / bo$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$bu
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bo$^2$ / ba$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pó
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pó
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^2$
*** Yale: pwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: por
*** Palladius: по (po)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: po$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: po
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰo²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: po$^4$ / po$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: pòh / pó
*** Cantonese Pinyin: po$^4$ / po$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: po$^4$ / po$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔː²¹/, /pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: po$^3$ / po$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰᵘɔ²²/, /pʰᵘɔ²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: po$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰo²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phò
*** Hakka Romanization System: po$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: po$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰo¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: po$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰo¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: pe$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰɤ¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǒ̤
*** Sinological IPA : /pɔ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: bò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /po⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bo$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: beó
*** Sinological IPA : /po¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɵ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô
*** Tâi-lô: pô
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pooi
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po¹³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /po²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô͘
*** Tâi-lô: pôo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔ²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pua$^5$ / bo$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phuâ / pô
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰua⁵⁵/, /po⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$bu
*** MiniDict: bu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$bu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bu²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: bo$^2$ / ba$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /po¹³/, /pa̠³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit婆 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pʰo³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /pʰɤ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /pʰo⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /pʰə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /pʰə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /pʰo⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /pʰo²⁴/ ～娘 /pʰo⁴⁴/ 丈夫母親 |
| Mandarin | Xining | /pʰɔ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /pʰuə⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /pʰə⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /pʰɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /pʰo²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /pʰo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /pʰo²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /pʰo³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /pʰo²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /pʰʊ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pʰɤ¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /pʰɔ¹³/ /pei¹³/ 老～ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /pʰɤ³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /bu²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /bu¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /bo²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /bøy³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰo⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /pʰo⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /po¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /bo¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰo²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰo¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /pʰo¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pʰɔ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /pʰɔ²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /pʰɔ²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /po³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /po⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pɔ²¹/ /pɔ³³/ 賤 |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /pʰua⁵⁵/ /po⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /fo³¹/ /ʔbo³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: ba
Rime :
| Character | 婆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 薄波切 |
| Baxter | ba |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /buɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /buɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /buɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bwa/ |
| Li Rong | /buɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /buɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /bʱuɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | po$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤa[j]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*baːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 婆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ba › |
| Old Chinese | /*[b]ˁa[j]/ |
| English | 婆娑 saunter, dance |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 婆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9734 |
| Phonetic component | 皮 |
| Rime group | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 婆 |
| Old Chinese | /*baːl/ |
| Notes | 爾雅用於婆娑， 廣韻老母乃如集韻同媻 |

### Definitions

婆
* old woman
* grandmother
* mother-in-law (of a woman); husband's mother
* woman in a particular profession
    媒婆 ― méipó ― female matchmaker
* pejorative suffix for a woman
    肥婆 ― féipó ― fat woman
* (ACG, neologism) Short for 老婆 (lǎopo, “wife”)

#### Usage notes

In transcriptions of Buddhist terms, 婆 (MC ba) is often used to transcribe Sanskrit ब (ba), भ (bha) and व (va), e.g. 濕婆 / 湿婆 (Shīpó, “Shiva”).

### Compounds

* 一片婆心
* 三姑六婆 (sāngūliùpó)
* 三婆
* 三婆二婦 / 三婆二妇
* 丑婆子
* 主人婆
* 乞婆 (qǐpó)
* 事頭婆 / 事头婆
* 伯婆 (bópó)
* 伯爺婆 / 伯爷婆
* 偷婆娘
* 優婆塞 / 优婆塞 (yōupósè)
* 優婆夷 / 优婆夷 (yōupóyí)
* 兩公婆 / 两公婆
* 八婆 (bāpó)
* 公公婆婆
* 公央婆
* 公婆 (gōngpó)
* 助產婆 / 助产婆
* 叔婆 (shūpó)
* 土地婆
* 坐婆
* 外婆 (wàipó)
* 夜叉婆
* 大嬸婆 / 大婶婆
* 大腳婆娘 / 大脚婆娘
* 太婆 (tàipó)
* 妹仔大過主人婆 / 妹仔大过主人婆
* 姑婆 (gūpó)
* 姑婆芋 (gūpóyù)
* 姨婆 (yípó)
* 娑婆 (suōpó)
* 娘婆
* 娑婆世界 (Suōpó shìjiè)
* 婆兒 / 婆儿
* 婆兒氣 / 婆儿气
* 婆姨 (póyí)
* 婆娑 (pósuō)
* 婆娘 (póniáng)
* 婆娘子
* 婆娑起舞
* 婆婆 (pópo)
* 婆婆媽媽 / 婆婆妈妈
* 婆婆慢慢
* 婆媽 / 婆妈
* 婆媳 (póxí)
* 婆子 (pózi)
* 婆子口舌
* 婆家 (pójiā)
* 婆心 (póxīn)
* 婆羅 / 婆罗 (Póluó)
* 婆老
* 婆那娑
* 媒婆 (méipó)
* 媽祖婆 / 妈祖婆
* 嬸婆 / 婶婆 (shěnpó)
* 孟婆 (Mèngpó)
* 家主婆
* 小老婆子
* 岐婆
* 巫婆 (wūpó)
* 師婆 / 师婆 (shīpó)
* 床公床婆
* 後堯婆 / 后尧婆
* 接生婆 (jiēshēngpó)
* 攙扶婆 / 搀扶婆
* 支婆
* 收生婆 (shōushēngpó)
* 春夢婆 / 春梦婆
* 歹婆娘
* 毗婆尸佛
* 毘婆沙部 / 毗婆沙部
* 毗舍婆佛
* 活閃婆 / 活闪婆
* 浪婆
* 湯婆 / 汤婆 (tāngpó)
* 漁婆 / 渔婆
* 牙婆 (yápó)
* 產婆 / 产婆 (chǎnpó)
* 產婆術 / 产婆术
* 男人婆 (nánrénpó)
* 番婆
* 神婆 (shénpó)
* 穩婆 / 稳婆 (wěnpó)
* 管家婆 (guǎnjiāpó)
* 綽板婆 / 绰板婆
* 老令婆
* 老太婆 (lǎotàipó)
* 老婆
* 老子婆娑
* 老虔婆
* 肥婆 (féipó)
* 腳婆 / 脚婆
* 苦口婆心 (kǔkǒupóxīn)
* 蘋婆 / 苹婆 (píngpó)
* 虎姑婆
* 虔婆 (qiánpó)
* 虔婆勢 / 虔婆势
* 衰婆
* 豬婆龍 / 猪婆龙 (zhūpólóng)
* 賣婆 / 卖婆
* 跟婆
* 道婆
* 醫婆 / 医婆
* 阿婆 (āpó)
* 雞婆 / 鸡婆 (jīpó)
* 頻婆 / 频婆 (pínpó)
* 風婆婆 / 风婆婆
* 養婆娘 / 养婆娘
* 鬼婆 (guǐpó)
* 麻婆
* 麻婆豆腐 (mápó dòufu)
* 黃婆 / 黄婆
* 黃臉婆 / 黄脸婆 (huángliǎnpó)
* 黃道婆 / 黄道婆
* 鼙婆 (pípó)
* 龜婆 / 龟婆 (guīpó)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ば (ba, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: は (ha)
* Tō-on: ほ (ho)
* Kun: ばあ (bā, 婆)、ばば (baba, 婆)

#### Compounds

* 婆(ば)伽(が)婆(ば) (bagaba), 婆(ば)伽(ぎゃ)婆(ば) (bagyaba)
* 婆(ば)娑(さ) (basa)
* 婆(ば)娑(さ)羅(ら) (basara), 婆(ば)娑(しゃ)羅(ら) (bashara)
* 婆(バ)婆(バ)鰈(ガレイ) (babagarei)
* 婆(バ)羅(ラ)門(モン) (baramon, “brahmin”)
* 悪(あく)婆(ば) (akuba)
* 産(さん)婆(ば) (sanba)
* 奪(だつ)衣(え)婆(ば), 脱(だつ)衣(え)婆(ば) (datsueba)
* 娑(しゃ)婆(ば) (shaba)
* 卒(そ)塔(と)婆(ば) (sotoba, “stupa”)
* 薩(そ)婆(わ)訶(か) (sowaka, “svāhā”)
* 転(てん)婆(ば) (tenba)
** お転(てん)婆(ば), 御(お)転(てん)婆(ば) (otenba)
* 湯(ゆ)湯(たん)婆(ぽ) (yutanpo, “hot water bottle”)
* 老(ろう)婆(ば) (rōba)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 婆
* ばば Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Possibly a reduplication of 姥 (uba, “old woman”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばば [báꜜbà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ba̠ba̠]

#### Noun

婆(ばば) • (baba)
* an elderly woman, old woman
    Synonyms: 老女 (rōjo), 老婆 (rōba)
    Antonym: 爺 (jiji)
* (card games) Old Maid

##### Derived terms

* お婆(ばあ)さん (obāsan)
* 悪(あく)婆(ばば) (akubaba)
* 梅(うめ)干(ぼし)婆(ばば) (umeboshi baba)
* 火(か)車(しゃ)婆(ばば) (kasha baba)
* 鎌(かま)婆(ばば) (kamababa)
* 子(こ)取(と)り婆(ばば) (kotoribaba)
* 狸(たぬき)婆(ばば) (tanukibaba)
* 猫(ねこ)股(また)婆(ばば) (nekomata baba)
* 灸(やいと)の婆(ばば) (yaito no baba)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 婆
* ばばあ Grade: S
* irregular
/baba/ → /babaː/
Alteration of baba above.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ばばあ [bàbáꜜà] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ba̠ba̠ː]

#### Noun

婆(ばばあ) • (babā)
* an elderly woman, old woman
    Antonym: 爺 (jijī)
* (colloquial) a complaint, grumbling
    Synonym: 愚痴 (guchi)

##### Derived terms

* 狸(たぬき)婆(ばばあ) (tanukibabā)

##### See also

* 祖母(ばば) (baba, “grandmother”)

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 婆
* ば Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 婆 (MC ba).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ba̠]

#### Affix

婆(ば) • (ba)
* old woman, crone
* Used in Sanskrit transliterations

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 婆 (MC ba). Recorded as Middle Korean 파 (pha) (Yale: pha) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 婆 (eumhun 할머니 파 (halmeoni pa))
* hanja form of 파 (“old woman”)

#### Compounds

* 노파 (老婆, nopa)
* 바라문 (婆羅門, baramun)
* 사바 (娑婆, saba)
* 탑파 (塔婆, tap'pa)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

婆: Hán Nôm readings: bà
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.