# 魏

| 魏 | U+9B4F, &#39759; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B4F |
| ← 魎 [U+9B4E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 魐 → [U+9B50] |

## Translingual
### Han character

魏 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+8, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹女竹山戈 (HVHUI), four-corner 2641$_3$, composition ⿰委鬼)

#### Derived characters

* 𨇷, 巍, 蘶, 𡿁, 犩, 𦓌, 𧕞, 䭳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1462, character 40
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45872
* Dae Jaweon: page 1996, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4434, character 10
* Unihan data for U+9B4F

## Chinese

* 魏
* 魏國 (戰國) (Written Standard Chinese)
* Wei (state) (English)
* 魏姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 魏氏 (Cantonese)
* 魏姓 (Gan)
* Gūi (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)
* Wei (surname) (English)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 謉 | *tkuːlʔ, *krul |
| 瑰 | *kuːl, *ɡuːl |
| 傀 | *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ |
| 藱 | *kuːl |
| 魁 | *kʰuːl |
| 磈 | *kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ |
| 塊 | *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds |
| 嵬 | *ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 隗 | *ŋɡuːlʔ |
| 槐 | *ɡuːl, *ɡruːl |
| 瘣 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 廆 | *ɡuːlʔ |
| 溾 | *ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl |
| 螝 | *ɡuːls, *krul |
| 褢 | *ɡruːl |
| 騩 | *krul, *kruls, *kul |
| 愧 | *kruls |
| 媿 | *kruls |
| 聭 | *kruls |
| 餽 | *ɡruls |
| 鬼 | *kulʔ |
| 魏 | *ŋɡuls |
| 巍 | *ŋul |
| 犩 | *ŋul, *ŋuls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɡuls): phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).

### Etymology
#### high

    Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs OC pronunciation *ŋuih and includes 魏 (OC *ŋɡuls) as well as 巍 (OC *ŋui) in one set, which may be the vocalic variant of 危 (OC *ŋoi).

#### name of Zhou's vassal state

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèi (wei$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngai$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngai$^5$ / ngui$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ui$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngui
    (Hailu, HRS): ngui$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngui$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ngôi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gui$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gūi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghui$^7$ / ngui$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ngue
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uei$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$
*** Yale: wèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngai$^6$
*** Yale: ngaih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐi̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngai$^5$ / ngui$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡai³²/, /ᵑɡui³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ui$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ui¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngui
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngui
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngui$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋui³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋuɪ⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ngôi
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋui²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gui$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gūi
*** Sinological IPA : /kui²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gūi
*** Tâi-lô: guī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gui
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡui²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡui²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡui³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ghui$^7$ / ngui$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gūi / ngūi
*** Sinological IPA : /ɡui¹¹/, /ŋui¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ngue
*** MiniDict: ngue$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ngue
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋue²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: uei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /u̯e̞i̯⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ngjw+jH
Rime :
| Character | 魏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚貴切 |
| Baxter | ngjw+jH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋʉi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋʷɨi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋiuəi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋuj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiuəi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭwəi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ŋwe̯i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʰuj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡuls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 魏 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wèi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjwɨj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-qʰuj-s/ |
| English | high |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 魏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4690 |
| Phonetic component | 鬼 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 魏 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɡuls/ |
| Notes | 說文段注巍省文 |

#### Definitions

魏
* (obsolete) palace watchtower
* (historical) (～國) State of Wei during the Warring States period
* (historical) (～國) Cao Wei, one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period
* (historical) (～朝) any of the dynasties of Northern Wei, Eastern Wei or Western Wei
* a surname
    魏徵／魏征 ― Wèi Zhēng ― Wei Zheng (Tang dynasty politician)

#### Synonyms

* 梁 (liáng)
* 梁國 (Liángguó)
* 魏國／魏国 (Wèiguó)

#### See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周 | Warring States period 戰國 / 战国 |
| Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 | Western Han 西漢 / 西汉 |
| Xin 新 (～朝) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉 ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉 ||
| Wu 吳 / 吴 ||
| Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 | Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋 |
| Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋 ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Western Wei 西魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Zhou 北周 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代) |
| Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (～朝, ～代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | Northern Song 北宋 |
| Southern Song 南宋 ||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (～朝, ～代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (～朝, ～代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (～朝, ～代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |

#### Compounds

* 不知有漢，何論魏晉 / 不知有汉，何论魏晋 (bùzhī yǒu Hàn, hé lùn Wèi Jìn)
* 丙魏
* 冉魏 (Rǎnwèi)
* 北魏 (Běiwèi)
* 圍魏救趙 / 围魏救赵 (wéiwèijiùzhào)
* 姚黃魏紫 / 姚黄魏紫 (Yáohuáng Wèizǐ)
* 後魏 / 后魏
* 心在魏闕 / 心在魏阙
* 心存魏闕 / 心存魏阙
* 心瞻魏闕 / 心瞻魏阙
* 心馳魏闕 / 心驰魏阙
* 曹魏 (Cáo Wèi)
* 東魏 / 东魏 (Dōngwèi)
* 漢魏風骨 / 汉魏风骨
* 熟魏生張 / 熟魏生张
* 生張熟魏 / 生张熟魏
* 西魏 (Xīwèi)
* 阿魏
* 阿魏化痞膏 (āwèi huàpǐ gāo)
* 魏大 (Wèidà)
* 魏孝文帝
* 魏恩海姆 (Wèi'ēnhǎimǔ)
* 魏文侯
* 魏文帝
* 魏晉 / 魏晋 (Wèi-Jìn)
* 魏晉南北朝 / 魏晋南北朝 (Wèi-Jìn Nán-Běi Cháo)
* 魏晉風度 / 魏晋风度 (wèijìnfēngdù)
* 魏書 / 魏书
* 魏李 (Wèilǐ)
* 魏河 (Wèihé)
* 魏然
* 魏瑪共和國 / 魏玛共和国 (Wèimǎ Gònghéguó)
* 魏碑 (wèibēi)
* 魏紫姚黃 / 魏紫姚黄
* 魏蜀吳 / 魏蜀吴 (Wèi-Shǔ-Wú)
* 魏道武帝
* 魏闕 / 魏阙
* 魏顆結草 / 魏颗结草

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wéi, wēi (wei$^2$, wei$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ, ㄨㄟ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^2$
*** Yale: wéi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wēi
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wei
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^1$
*** Yale: wēi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uei
*** Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngai$^4$
*** Yale: ngàih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngai$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngei$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐi̯²¹/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʰuj/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 魏 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wéi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjwɨj › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-qʰuj/ |
| English | high, majestic |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

魏
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) standing alone
* Alternative form of 巍 (wéi, “towering”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* high
* large

#### Readings

* Go-on: げ (ge)
* Kan-on: ぎ (gi)
* On: がい (gai)
* Kun: たかい (takai, 魏い)
* Nanori: たかし (takashi)

#### Compounds

* 阿魏(あぎ) (agi)
* 魏魏(ぎぎ) (gigi)
* 魏晋南北朝(ぎしんなんぼくちょう) (gishinnanbokuchō)
* 西魏(せいぎ) (Seigi)
* 曹魏(そうぎ) (Sōgi)
* 東魏(とうぎ) (Tōgi)
* 北魏(ほくぎ) (Hokugi)

### Proper noun

魏(ぎ) • (Gi)
* Wei kingdom in China

## Korean
### Hanja

魏 (eumhun 나라 이름 위 (nara ireum wi))
* hanja form of 위 (“Wei kingdom in China”)

#### Compounds

* 동위(東魏) (dong'wi)
* 북위(北魏) (bugwi)
* 서위(西魏) (seowi)
* 아위(阿魏) (awi)
* 조위(曹魏) (jowi)

#### Usage notes

* May also be romanized as Wie when used as surname.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

魏: Hán Việt readings: nguy, ngụy/nguỵ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 北魏 (Bắc Ngụy/Bắc Nguỵ)

#### References

* Nom Foundation