# tope
## English
### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /toʊp/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /təʊp/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊp
* Homophone: taupe

### Etymology 1

Alteration of obsolete top (“to drink”), as in top (off).

#### Verb

tope (third-person singular simple present topes, present participle toping, simple past and past participle toped)
* (archaic) To drink excessively; to get drunk.

##### Derived terms

* toper

##### Translations
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

tope (plural topes)
* A small, grey, European shark, Galeorhinus galeus, that has rough skin and a long snout.

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

From Tamil.

#### Noun

tope (plural topes)
* (India) A grove of trees.
** 1868?, James Grant, First Love and Last Love
    Concealed among the long rank grass of the mango tope the three lurkers watched the gate of the camp; but though many passcd out and in, the rider on the bay mare was not one of the number.
** 2011, Chandra Mallampalli, Race, Religion and Law in Colonial India:In addition, a memorandum was kept containing receipts and issues of toddy drawn at a toddy tope.

### Etymology 4

Probably from Pali thūpa. Doublet of stupa.

#### Noun

tope (plural topes)
* A mound-like Buddhist sepulchre, or memorial monument, often erected over a relic; a stupa.

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

tope (plural topes)
* (India, obsolete) A cannon (weapon).
** 1857, Cassell's Illustrated History of England, page 269:They found him strongly posted near the fortress of Deeg, in the midst of bogs, tanks, and topes, and formidably defended by artillery.

#### References

* Henry Yule, A[rthur] C[oke] Burnell (1903) “tope”, in William Crooke, editor, Hobson-Jobson […] , London: John Murray, […].

### Anagrams

* Pote, poet, pote, poët

## Galician
### Verb

tope
* inflection of topar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Hoyahoya
### Noun

tope
* meat

### References

* Philip Carr, Hoyahoya organised phonology data (2006)

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtɔ.pe/
* Rhymes: -ɔpe
* Hyphenation: tò‧pe

### Noun

tope f pl
* plural of topa

### Anagrams

* peto, pote, poté

## Middle English
### Noun

tope
* Alternative form of top

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɔ.pi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɔ.pi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈtɔ.pe/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈtɔ.pɨ/
* Hyphenation: to‧pe

### Etymology 1

Deverbal of topar.

#### Noun

tope m (plural topes)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

tope
* inflection of topar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Serbo-Croatian
### Verb

tope (Cyrillic spelling топе)
* third-person plural present of topiti

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtope/ [ˈt̪o.pe]
* Rhymes: -ope
* Syllabification: to‧pe

### Etymology 1

Deverbal of topar.

#### Noun

tope m (plural topes)
* butt, end, butt end
* stop, catch, snag (also figuratively)
* collision
* quarrel, fight
* reinforcement
* (railway) buffer, bumper
* (nautical) masthead, lookout
* (Mexico) speed bump
    Synonym: (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras) túmulo
* (Costa Rica, Nicaragua) equestrian parade usually held on the first day of a festival

##### Synonyms

* borda f (Honduras)

##### Derived terms

* a tope
* al tope
* hasta el tope
* hasta los topes

### Etymology 2

From Old French top (“top, summit”), from Frankish *top; compare English top.

#### Noun

tope m (plural topes)
* top, limit

#### Adverb

tope
* (colloquial, Spain) really
    Es tope feoHe's dead ugly

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

tope
* inflection of topar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* “tope”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

tope class V (plural matope class VI)
* mud

## West Flemish
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Seems derived from Latin talpa?”

### Noun

tope f (plural toopn, diminutive tooptje)
* vole
* shrew

#### Alternative forms

* tolpe

## West Makian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt̪o.pe/

### Verb

tope
* (modal, auxiliary) to want to (do something)
    Synonym: seba
    de tope tefiam ― I want to eat
* (modal, auxiliary) to intend to (do something)
    Synonym: seba

#### Usage notes

This term does not appear to be conjugated.

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics