# 手術
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shǒushù
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˇ ㄕㄨˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sau$^2$ seot$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): siu$^2$ sut$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sú-su̍t
    (Hailu, HRS): shiu$^ˊ$ sud$^ˋ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ciu$^3$ soh$^7$ / ciu$^3$ suoh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiú-su̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ciu$^2$ sug$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$seu-zeq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shǒushù
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ ㄕㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shǒushù
*** Wade–Giles: shou$^3$-shu$^4$
*** Yale: shǒu-shù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shooushuh
*** Palladius: шоушу (šoušu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sau$^2$ seot$^6$
*** Yale: sáu seuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sau$^2$ soet$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seo$^2$ sêd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐu̯³⁵ sɵt̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: siu$^2$ sut$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /siu⁵⁵ sut̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú-su̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: su$^ˋ$ sud
*** Hagfa Pinyim: su$^3$ sud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /su³¹ sut̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shiu$^ˊ$ sud$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃiu²⁴⁻³³ sut²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ciu$^3$ soh$^7$ [Phonetic: ciu$^5$ loh$^7$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chiû-seo̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiu⁴⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(ɬ-)}$lɔʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ciu$^3$ suoh$^7$ [Phonetic: ciu$^5$ luoh$^7$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiu³³²⁻²¹ $^{(ɬ-)}$luoʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiú-su̍t
*** Tâi-lô: tshiú-su̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiwsut
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sut̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sut̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sut̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ciu$^2$ sug$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiú su̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiu⁵²⁻³⁵ suk̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$seu-zeq
*** MiniDict: seu$^去$ zeh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$seu-zeq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɤ³³ zəʔ⁴⁴/

### Noun

手術
* surgery; medical operation; procedure (Classifier: 次; 項／项; 個／个; 臺／台)
    擇期手術／择期手术 ― zéqī shǒushù ― elective surgery
    拉皮手術／拉皮手术 ― lāpí shǒushù ― facelift procedure
    根管手術／根管手术 ― gēnguǎn shǒushù ― root canal surgery
    復明手術／复明手术 ― fùmíng shǒushù ― eyesight-restoring surgery
    微創手術／微创手术 ― wēichuāng shǒushù ― minimally invasive surgery
    侵入性手術／侵入性手术 ― qīnrùxìng shǒushù ― invasive surgery
       Yīshēng shuō shǒushù huì yǒu fēngxiǎn. [Pinyin]
       The doctor said the operation carries risks.

#### Derived terms

* 剖腹手術 / 剖腹手术
* 動手術 / 动手术 (dòng shǒushù)
* 外科手術 / 外科手术
* 大手術 / 大手术
* 性別置換手術 / 性别置换手术 (xìngbié zhìhuàn shǒushù)
* 性別肯定手術 / 性别肯定手术 (xìngbié kěndìng shǒushù)
* 性別重置手術 / 性别重置手术 (xìngbié chóngzhì shǒushù)
* 手術刀 / 手术刀 (shǒushùdāo)
* 手術室 / 手术室 (shǒushùshì)
* 手術臺 / 手术台 (shǒushùtái)
* 整容手術 / 整容手术 (zhěngróng shǒushù)
* 植皮手術 / 植皮手术
* 變性手術 / 变性手术
* 顯微手術 / 显微手术 (xiǎnwēi shǒushù)

#### See also

* 開刀／开刀 (kāidāo)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 手 | 術 |
| しゅ Grade: 1 | じゅつ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

手 (shu, “hand”) +‎ 術 (-jutsu, “technique”).
Presumably a Meiji period calque of Ancient Greek χειρουργία (kheirourgía).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しゅじゅつ [shúꜜjùtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ɕɨʑɨt͡sɨ]

### Noun

手(しゅ)術(じゅつ) • (shujutsu)
* an operation; surgery (procedure involving major incisions)
** 2006 July 18, Daichi Banjō, “第(だい)1話(わ)　「生(う)まれ変(か)われるのなら、僕(ぼく)は鳥(とり)になりたい」 [Chapter 1: “If I were to be reborn, I would want to be a bird”]”, in [武心](BUSHIN) [Fighting Spirit], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 16:
    次(つぎ)の手(しゅ)術(じゅつ)の成(せい)功(こう)率(りつ)は決(けっ)して高(たか)くない……主(じゅ)治(じ)医(い)によれば……あの子(こ)の生(い)きようとする意(い)志(し)に大(おお)きくかかっている。
       Tsugi no shujutsu no seikōritsu wa kesshite takaku nai…… Jujī ni yoreba…… ano ko no ikiyō to suru ishi ni ōkiku kakatteiru.
       The success rate of the next procedure is not high…… The doctor in charge told me…… he will have to muster tremendous willpower in order to make it.

#### Synonyms

* オペレーション (operēshon)

### Verb

手(しゅ)術(じゅつ)する • (shujutsu suru) suru (stem 手(しゅ)術(じゅつ)し (shujutsu shi), past 手(しゅ)術(じゅつ)した (shujutsu shita))
* to operate on; to perform surgery on
** 1993 December 15 [1990 March 25], Sasaki, Noriko, 動(どう)物(ぶつ)のお医(い)者(しゃ)さん [The Veterinarian], 36th edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 18:
    自(じ)分(ぶん)が手(しゅ)術(じゅつ)されるとこは見(み)たくない
       Jibun ga shujutsu sareru toko wa mitakunai
       I could never ever look at myself being cut open

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 手術し | しゅじゅつし | shujutsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 手術し | しゅじゅつし | shujutsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 手術する | しゅじゅつする | shujutsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 手術する | しゅじゅつする | shujutsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 手術すれ | しゅじゅつすれ | shujutsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 手術せよ¹ 手術しろ² | しゅじゅつせよ¹ しゅじゅつしろ² | shujutsu seyo¹ shujutsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 手術される | しゅじゅつされる | shujutsu sareru |
| Causative | 手術させる 手術さす | しゅじゅつさせる しゅじゅつさす | shujutsu saseru shujutsu sasu |
| Potential | 手術できる | しゅじゅつできる | shujutsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 手術しよう | しゅじゅつしよう | shujutsu shiyō |
| Negative | 手術しない | しゅじゅつしない | shujutsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 手術せず | しゅじゅつせず | shujutsu sezu |
| Formal | 手術します | しゅじゅつします | shujutsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 手術した | しゅじゅつした | shujutsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 手術して | しゅじゅつして | shujutsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 手術すれば | しゅじゅつすれば | shujutsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 手 | 術 |

### Noun

手術 • (susul) (hangeul 수술)
* hanja form of 수술 (“surgery”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 手 | 術 |

### Noun

手術
* chữ Hán form of thủ thuật (“tip; trick”).