# acht
## Alemannic German

cardinal number :
| 8 | Previous: | sibe |
| 8 | Next: | nüün |

### Alternative forms

* ocht, àcht

### Etymology

From Old High German ahto, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu. Cognate with German acht, Dutch acht, English eight, Swedish åtta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑxt/

### Numeral

acht
* eight

## Bavarian
### Alternative forms

* achte, åcht, åchte

### Etymology

From Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑxt/
** Audio:(file)

### Numeral

acht
* eight

## Cimbrian
### Numeral

acht
* attributive form of achte
    acht óarn ― eight o'clock (literally, “eight hours”)

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech acht, possibly from Middle High German āhte.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈaxt]
* Hyphenation: acht

### Noun

acht m inan
* (archaic) anathema
    Synonym: klatba

#### Derived terms

* achtovanec
* achtovat

### Further reading

* “acht”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “acht”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑxt/
* Audio (Belgium):(file)
* Audio (Netherlands):(file)
* Hyphenation: acht
* Rhymes: -ɑxt

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch achte, acht, from Old Dutch ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

#### Numeral

acht
* eight

##### Derived terms

* achterhande
* achterlei
* achthoek
* achtling
* achtmaal
* achtvoud
* achtwerf

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: agt, ag
* Berbice Creole Dutch: akti
* Jersey Dutch: āxt
* Negerhollands: acht, agt, ak
* Skepi Creole Dutch: akt
* → Sranan Tongo: acht

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch achte, from Old Dutch *ahta, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtu.

#### Noun

acht f (uncountable)
* attention, heed

##### Derived terms

* acht is meer dan duizend
* achteloos
* achten
* in acht nemen

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: ag

#### Verb

acht
* inflection of achten:
** first/second/third-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch achte, from Old Dutch *āhta, from Proto-Germanic *anhtō.

#### Noun

acht f (uncountable)
* (historical, chiefly obsolete) banishment, ostracism
    Synonyms: ban, verbanning, vogelvrijverklaring

##### Usage notes

* At least the compound rijksacht is still attestable in contemporary historical writing alongside rijksban.

### Anagrams

* chat

## Dutch Low Saxon
### Etymology

From Old Saxon ahto, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu. Cognate to German Low German acht, German acht, Dutch acht.

### Numeral

acht
* (in many (all?) dialects) eight (8)

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.
Compare Dutch acht, English eight, Danish otte, Swedish åtta, Greek οκτώ (októ), Latin octō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [axt]
* Audio:(file)

### Numeral

acht
* (cardinal number) eight (numerical value represented by the Arabic numeral 8; or describing a set with eight elements)

#### Coordinate terms

| | —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 |
| 0— | null | eins, (before a noun) ein | zwei | drei | vier | fünf | sechs | sieben | acht | neun |
| 1— | zehn | elf | zwölf | dreizehn | vierzehn | fünfzehn | sechzehn | siebzehn | achtzehn | neunzehn |
| 2— | zwanzig | einundzwanzig | zweiundzwanzig | dreiundzwanzig | vierundzwanzig | fünfundzwanzig | sechsundzwanzig | siebenundzwanzig | achtundzwanzig | neunundzwanzig |
| 3— | Germany, Austria: dreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: dreissig | Germany, Austria: einunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: einunddreissig | Germany, Austria: zweiunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: zweiunddreissig | Germany, Austria: dreiunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: dreiunddreissig | Germany, Austria: vierunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: vierunddreissig | Germany, Austria: fünfunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: fünfunddreissig | Germany, Austria: sechsunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: sechsunddreissig | Germany, Austria: siebenunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: siebenunddreissig | Germany, Austria: achtunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: achtunddreissig | Germany, Austria: neununddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: neununddreissig |
| 4— | vierzig | einundvierzig | zweiundvierzig | dreiundvierzig | vierundvierzig | fünfundvierzig | sechsundvierzig | siebenundvierzig | achtundvierzig | neunundvierzig |
| 5— | fünfzig | einundfünfzig | zweiundfünfzig | dreiundfünfzig | vierundfünfzig | fünfundfünfzig | sechsundfünfzig | siebenundfünfzig | achtundfünfzig | neunundfünfzig |
| 6— | sechzig | einundsechzig | zweiundsechzig | dreiundsechzig | vierundsechzig | fünfundsechzig | sechsundsechzig | siebenundsechzig | achtundsechzig | neunundsechzig |
| 7— | siebzig | einundsiebzig | zweiundsiebzig | dreiundsiebzig | vierundsiebzig | fünfundsiebzig | sechsundsiebzig | siebenundsiebzig | achtundsiebzig | neunundsiebzig |
| 8— | achtzig | einundachtzig | zweiundachtzig | dreiundachtzig | vierundachtzig | fünfundachtzig | sechsundachtzig | siebenundachtzig | achtundachtzig | neunundachtzig |
| 9— | neunzig | einundneunzig | zweiundneunzig | dreiundneunzig | vierundneunzig | fünfundneunzig | sechsundneunzig | siebenundneunzig | achtundneunzig | neunundneunzig |
* 100: hundert, einhundert
* 10$^3$: tausend, eintausend
* 10$^4$: zehntausend (Myriade)
* 10$^6$: Million (tausendmaltausend, tausendtausend)
* 10$^9$: Milliarde
* 10$^{12}$: Billion
* 10$^{15}$: Billiarde
* 10$^{18}$: Trillion
* 10$^{21}$: Trilliarde
* 10$^{24}$: Quadrillion
* 10$^{27}$: Quadrilliarde
* 10$^{30}$: Quintillion
* 10$^{33}$: Quintilliarde
* 10$^{36}$: Sextillion
* 10$^{39}$: Sextilliarde
* 10$^{42}$: Septillion
* 10$^{45}$: Septilliarde
* 10$^{48}$: Oktillion
* 10$^{51}$: Oktilliarde
* 10$^{54}$: Nonillion
* 10$^{57}$: Nonilliarde
* 10$^{60}$: Dezillion
* 10$^{63}$: Dezilliarde
* 10$^{66}$: Undezillion
* 10$^{69}$: Undezilliarde
* 10$^{72}$: Duodezillion
* 10$^{75}$: Duodezilliarde
* 10$^{78}$: Tredezillion
* 10$^{81}$: Tredezilliarde
* 10$^{84}$: Quattuordezillion
* 10$^{87}$: Quattuordezilliarde
* 10$^{100}$: Googol
* 10$^{120}$: Vigintillion
* 10$^{123}$: Vigintilliarde

#### Derived terms

* Acht, Achteck
* achtfach, achtmal
* achtstündig, achttägig

#### Related terms

* achtzehn
* achtzig
* Achteck

### Further reading

* “acht” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “acht” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “acht” in Duden online
* acht on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$

## German Low German
### Etymology

From Middle Low German achte, from Old Saxon ahto. Cognate to Dutch Low Saxon acht, German acht, Dutch acht.

### Numeral

acht
* (in many dialects, including Eastern Pomeranian, Low Prussian) eight (8)

#### Coordinate terms

| | —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 |
| 0— | null | een | twee/twei | dree/drei | veer | fiev/fief | söß/söss/seß | sæben/söven | acht | negen/nägen |
| 1— | teihn/tein/tien | ölven/elf | twölf | dörteihn | veerteihn | föffteihn | sössteihn | söventeihn | achtteihn | negenteihn |
| 2— | twintig | eenuntwintig | tweeuntwintig | dreeuntwintig | veeruntwintig | fiefuntwintig | sössuntwintig | sövenuntwintig | achtuntwintig | negenuntwintig |
| 3— | dörtig | eenundörtig | tweeundörtig | dreeundörtig | veerundörtig | fiefundörtig | sössundörtig | sövenundörtig | achtundörtig | negenundörtig |
| 4— | veertig | eenunveertig | tweeunveertig | dreeunveertig | veerunveertig | fiefunveertig | sössunveertig | sövenunveertig | achtunveertig | negenunveertig |
| 5— | föfftig | eenunföfftig | tweeunföfftig | dreeunföfftig | veerunföfftig | fiefunföfftig | sössunföfftig | sövenunföfftig | achtunföfftig | negenunföfftig |
| 6— | sösstig | eenunsösstig | tweeunsösstig | dreeunsösstig | veerunsösstig | fiefunsösstig | sössunsösstig | sövenunsösstig | achtunsösstig | negenunsösstig |
| 7— | söventig | eenunsöventig | tweeunsöventig | dreeunsöventig | veerunsöventig | fiefunsöventig | sössunsöventig | sövenunsöventig | achtunsöventig | negenunsöventig |
| 8— | achtig tachentig | eenunachtig eenuntachentig | tweeunachtig tweeuntachentig | dreeunachtig dreeuntachentig | veerunachtig veeruntachentig | fiefunachtig fiefuntachentig | sössunachtig sössuntachentig | sövenunachtig sövenuntachentig | achtunachtig achtuntachentig | negenunachtig negenuntachentig |
| 9— | negentig | eenunnegentig | tweeunnegentig | dreeunnegentig | veerunnegentig | fiefunnegentig | sössunnegentig | sövenunnegentig | achtunnegentig | negenunnegentig |
* 100: hunnert
* 10$^3$: dusend, duusend, eendusend
* 10$^4$: teihndusend
* 10$^6$: Milljon
* 10$^{12}$: Billjon
* 10$^{15}$: Billjard

### Numeral

acht
* (Eastern Pomeranian in Brazil) eighth (8th)

### References

* Der neue SASS: Plattdeutsches Wörterbuch, Plattdeutsch - Hochdeutsch, Hochdeutsch - Plattdeutsch. Plattdeutsche Rechtschreibung, sixth revised edition (2011, →ISBN, Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster)
* Gertjan Postma, A Contrastive Grammar of Brazilian Pomeranian (Linguistik Aktuell / Linguistics Today, vol. 248), 2019, p. 97 & 99

## Hunsrik
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /axt/
* Rhymes: -axt
* Hyphenation: acht

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Central Franconian aacht, from Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu.
Cognate with German acht and Luxembourgish aacht.

#### Numeral

acht
* eight
    Sie hon acht Kinner.They have eight children.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle High German ahtede, from Old High German ahtodo, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtudō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtudô.
Cognate with German achte and Luxembourgish aacht.

#### Adjective

acht
* eighth

##### Declension
### References

* 1 2 Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “acht”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 8

## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish acht, from Latin āctus.

#### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ɑxt̪ˠ/
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /axt̪ˠ/

#### Noun

acht m (genitive singular achta, nominative plural achtanna)
* decree, enactment
* compact
* condition

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
acht
achtanna
vocative
a acht
a achtanna
genitive
achta
achtanna
dative
acht
achtanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an t-acht
na hachtanna
genitive
an achta
na n-achtanna
dative
leis an acht don acht
leis na hachtanna :

##### Derived terms

* achtachán m (“enactment”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish acht.

#### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ɑx/
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /ax/

#### Conjunction

acht
* Obsolete spelling of ach (“but”).

#### Preposition

acht (plus nominative, triggers no mutation)
* Obsolete spelling of ach (“except, but”).

#### Adverb

acht
* Obsolete spelling of ach (“but, only, merely”).

### Etymology 3

Likely from etymology 2.

#### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /ɑxt̪ˠ/
* (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: /axt̪ˠ/

#### Noun

acht m (genitive singular achta)
* doubt, uncertainty

##### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
nominative
acht
vocative
a acht
genitive
achta
dative
acht
forms with the definite article
case
singular
nominative
an t-acht
genitive
an achta
dative
leis an acht don acht :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “acht”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “6 acht (‘decree, edict’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 acht (‘but, except’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 acht (‘stipulation, condition’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “4 acht (‘doubt’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “acht”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “acht”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Middle Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /axt/

### Numeral

acht
* Alternative form of achte

## Middle Low German
### Numeral

acht
* Alternative form of achte

### Noun

acht f
* arrest of the king, ostracism, exclusion from the secular legal community
* reputation, rank, status, position in life
* legal deadline, court meeting
* in reference to the "king's feast", or the octave (eight-day period) during which it was celebrated

### References

* Köbler, Gerhard, Mittelniederdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)
* Lübben, August und Christoph Walther Mittelniederdeutsches Handwörterbuch, Vol II, 1888. Published by Norden und Leipzig.

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Possibly from borrowed from Middle High German āhte (compare German outlawry, sworn enmity).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈaxt/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈaxt/

### Noun

acht m inan
* anathema

#### Derived terms

* achtovanec
* achtovati
* zaachtovanec

#### Descendants

* Czech: acht

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “acht”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /axt/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *extos (“except, but”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰsto- (“out”), from *h₁eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐκτός (ektós, “outside”).

#### Alternative forms

* act

#### Conjunction

acht
* but
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 7$^d$10
    Mógi sidi uili do Día; acht do·rigénsat in descipuil dechor etarru et déu diib: is hed on ɔsecha-som hic.They are all servants to God; but the disciples had made a distinction between them and (made) gods of them; that is what he corrects here.
* provided (that) (followed by ro- and the subjunctive mood of the verb)
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 23$^b$24
    Ní imned lim act rop Críst pridches et imme·ráda cách.It is not tribulation for me provided that it is Christ on whom everyone preaches and meditates.
* (followed by a nasalizing relative clause) except that
** c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 137$^b$5
    Fa·didmed aicned, acht dond·ecmaiṅg anísiu.Nature would have allowed it, except that this happens.
For more quotations using this term, see Citations:acht.

##### Descendants

* Irish: ach
* Manx: agh
* Scottish Gaelic: ach

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

·acht
* inflection of aigid:
** third-person singular preterite conjunct
** passive singular preterite conjunct

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 acht (‘but, except’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Pennsylvania German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /axt/

### Etymology 1

From Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto. Compare German acht, Dutch acht, English eight.

#### Numeral

acht
* eight

### Etymology 2

Compare German achte, Dutch achtste, English eighth.

#### Adjective

acht
* eighth

#### Numeral

acht
* eighth

## West Frisian
### Etymology

From Old Frisian achta, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /axt/

### Numeral

acht
* eight

#### Further reading

* “acht (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

### Noun

acht c (plural achten, diminutive achtsje)
* eight

#### Further reading

* “acht (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

## Zealandic
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch achte, acht, from Old Dutch ahto, from Frankish and Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

### Numeral

acht
* eight

## Zipser German
### Numeral

acht
* Alternative form of åcht