# 鹽

| 鹽 | U+9E7D, &#40573; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E7D |
| ← 鹼 [U+9E7C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鹾 → [U+9E7E] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 鹽 |
| Shinjitai | 塩 |
| Simplified | 盐 |

### Han character

鹽 (Kangxi radical 197, 鹵+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 尸田月廿 (SWBT), four-corner 7810$_7$, composition ⿱⿰臣⿱𠂉鹵皿)

#### Derived characters

* 𤅸, 𣡶, 𥤟, 𨤎, 𣱄, 𨷽

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1508, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47579
* Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2574, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9E7D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鹽 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 藍 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
| 儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 覽 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
| 擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
| 纜 | *ɡ·raːms |
| 監 | *kraːm, *kraːms |
| 礛 | *kraːm |
| 鑑 | *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms |
| 艦 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 檻 | *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms |
| 壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 鹽 | *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams): phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yán (yan$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yan$^2$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): yán
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): yán
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ян (i͡an, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jim$^4$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): jin$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yiam$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): ien$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yàm
    (Hailu, HRS): rham
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yam$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ie$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): îng
* Eastern Min (BUC): sièng / ièng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ieng$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iâm / sîⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iam$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): iam$^5$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): jim$^4$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$yi / $^2$yi / $^2$ye / $^2$yen
** (Jinhua): $^2$ie
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): ienn$^2$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): ninn$^2$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ien$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yán
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yán
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^2$
*** Yale: yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ian
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛn²¹/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: yán
*** Sinological IPA : /iã²⁴/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: yán
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /iã²⁴/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ян (i͡an, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /iæ̃²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^4$
*** Yale: yìhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm²¹/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: jin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /zin²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yiam$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiam²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: ien$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /iɛn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: iam$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯am¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iam$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯am¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rham
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒam⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yam$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /iam¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: îng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sièng / ièng
*** Sinological IPA : /sieŋ⁵³/, /ieŋ⁵³/
* sièng - vernacular;
* ièng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit鹽 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ian³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ian²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ian⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /iã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /iã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ian⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /iã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /iã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /iɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ian⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /iɛn²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ian³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ian²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iɛ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ien²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /iĩ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ie¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ie̞¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ie³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ji³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ie⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /iɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /iẽ¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /iẽ¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iɛn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iam¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒɑm¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jim²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /jim²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /jim²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iam³⁵/ /sĩ³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sieŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iŋ³³/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /iam⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /iam³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: yem
Rime :
| Character | 鹽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余廉切 |
| Baxter | yem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiam/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛm/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢr][o]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·lam/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鹽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yem › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢr][o]m/ |
| English | salt (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鹽 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 6116 |
| Phonetic component | 監 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鹽 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·lam/ |

#### Definitions

鹽
* salt; salty substance, especially table salt
    鹽放多了。／盐放多了。 ― Yán fàng duō le. ― Too much salt is added.
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
    Jué gòng yán chī, hǎi wù wéi cuò. [Pinyin]
    Its articles of tribute were salt, fine cloth of dolichos fibre, productions of the sea of various kinds.
* (chemistry) salt
* (Southern Min) food product pickled with salt
* (Southern Min) sweat stain; salt efflorescence
* (cryptography) salt
       Méiyǒu jiāyán de mìmǎ róngyì bèi pòjiě. [Pinyin]
       Passwords that are not salted are easily cracked.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鹽, 食鹽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 鹽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鹽巴, 鹽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 鹽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 鹽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 鹹鹽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 鹹鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 鹽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 鹽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 鹽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 鹹鹽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 鹽, 鹹鹽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 鹽巴, 鹽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鹽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 鹽巴, 落水消 jargon |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 鹽巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 鹽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 鹽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 鹽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 鹽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鹽, 上味 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 鹽, 海沙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 生鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鹽, 鹹 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Changtan) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 鹽 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鹽 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鹽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 鹽 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 鹽 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 鹹鹽, 海沙 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 鹽 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Jin | Linhe | 鹹鹽 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 鹹鹽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鹽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 鹽 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 鹽 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 鹽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鹽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 鹽 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Pingle (Zhoutang) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 鹽 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 鹽 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 鹽 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 鹽 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 鹽 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鹽 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 鹽 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 鹽 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 鹽 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 鹽 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 鹽 |
| Wu | Danyang | 鹽 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 鹽 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 鹽 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 鹽 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan County (Cha'ensi) | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 鹽 |

#### Compounds

* 井鹽 / 井盐
* 亞硝酸鹽 / 亚硝酸盐 (yàxiāosuānyán)
* 低鈉鹽 / 低钠盐
* 低鹽飲食 / 低盐饮食
* 內鹽 / 内盐 (nèiyán)
* 再製鹽 / 再制盐
* 分鹽 / 分盐 (Fēnyán)
* 刻畫無鹽 / 刻画无盐
* 加碘食鹽 / 加碘食盐
* 加鹽兒 / 加盐儿
* 吉鹽 / 吉盐
* 吳鹽 / 吴盐
* 埔鹽 / 埔盐 (Pǔyán)
* 大鹽 / 大盐 (dàyán)
* 大鹽湖 / 大盐湖 (Dàyánhú)
* 子兒鹽 / 子儿盐
* 官鹽 / 官盐
* 山鹽青 / 山盐青
* 岩鹽 / 岩盐
* 峻阪鹽車 / 峻阪盐车
* 川鹽 / 川盐
* 巴鹽 / 巴盐
* 撮鹽入水 / 撮盐入水
* 撮鹽入火 / 撮盐入火
* 朝虀暮鹽 / 朝虀暮盐
* 柴米油鹽 / 柴米油盐 (cháimǐyóuyán)
* 柴米油鹽醬醋茶 / 柴米油盐酱醋茶 (chái mǐ yóu yán jiàng cù chá)
* 椒鹽 / 椒盐 (jiāoyán)
* 榷鹽 / 榷盐
* 正鹽 / 正盐
* 水晶鹽 / 水晶盐
* 池鹽 / 池盐 (chíyán)
* 沐浴鹽 / 沐浴盐
* 海水鹽 / 海水盐
* 海鹽 / 海盐
* 海鹽腔 / 海盐腔 (hǎiyánqiāng)
* 淩雜米鹽 / 凌杂米盐
* 淮鹽 / 淮盐 (huáiyán)
* 淘鹽 / 淘盐
* 瀉鹽 / 泻盐
* 無機鹽 / 无机盐 (wújīyán)
* 煮海為鹽 / 煮海为盐
* 無鹽 / 无盐 (wúyán)
* 生理鹽水 / 生理盐水 (shēnglǐ yánshuǐ)
* 矽酸鹽 / 矽酸盐 (xīsuānyán)
* 硫酸鹽 / 硫酸盐 (liúsuānyán)
* 硝鹽 / 硝盐
* 碳酸氫鹽 / 碳酸氢盐 (tànsuān qīng yán)
* 礦鹽 / 矿盐
* 私鹽 / 私盐 (sīyán)
* 米鹽 / 米盐
* 米鹽博辯 / 米盐博辩
* 精鹽 / 精盐 (jīngyán)
* 脫鹽 / 脱盐 (tuōyán)
* 腳踏倒鹽 / 脚踏倒盐
* 花馬鹽 / 花马盐
* 花鹽 / 花盐
* 苛性鹽 / 苛性盐
* 虀鹽 / 虀盐
* 複鹽 / 复盐 (fùyán)
* 販鹽虜 / 贩盐虏
* 赤血鹽 / 赤血盐 (chìxuèyán)
* 銨鹽 / 铵盐 (ǎnyán)
* 鋁鹽 / 铝盐
* 青鹽 / 青盐
* 食鹽 / 食盐 (shíyán)
* 驥服鹽車 / 骥服盐车
* 鹽井 / 盐井
* 鹽分 / 盐分 (yánfèn)
* 鹽分地帶 / 盐分地带
* 鹽務 / 盐务
* 鹽務總局 / 盐务总局
* 鹽區 / 盐区
* 鹽商 / 盐商 (yánshāng)
* 鹽土 / 盐土
* 鹽坨子 / 盐坨子
* 鹽城 / 盐城 (Yánchéng)
* 鹽埕 / 盐埕 (yánchéng)
* 鹽埔 / 盐埔 (Yánpǔ)
* 鹽基 / 盐基 (yánjī)
* 鹽場 / 盐场 (yánchǎng)
* 鹽墾 / 盐垦
* 鹽客 / 盐客
* 鹽害 / 盐害
* 鹽屋 / 盐屋
* 鹽巴 / 盐巴 (yánbā)
* 鹽度 / 盐度 (yándù)
* 鹽引 / 盐引
* 鹽徒 / 盐徒
* 鹽政 / 盐政
* 鹽析作用 / 盐析作用
* 鹽梟 / 盐枭 (yánxiāo)
* 鹽梅 / 盐梅
* 鹽橋 / 盐桥 (yánqiáo)
* 鹽水 / 盐水 (yánshuǐ)
* 鹽水蜂炮 / 盐水蜂炮
* 鹽水選種 / 盐水选种
* 鹽水針 / 盐水针
* 鹽水飯 / 盐水饭
* 鹽池 / 盐池 (yánchí)
* 鹽法 / 盐法
* 鹽泉 / 盐泉
* 鹽法道 / 盐法道
* 鹽湖 / 盐湖 (yánhú)
* 鹽湖城 / 盐湖城 (Yánhúchéng)
* 鹽漏 / 盐漏
* 鹽滷 / 盐卤 (yánlǔ)
* 鹽漬食物 / 盐渍食物
* 鹽灘 / 盐滩
* 鹽生植物 / 盐生植物
* 鹽田 / 盐田 (yántián)
* 鹽田河 / 盐田河 (Yántiánhé)
* 鹽硝 / 盐硝
* 鹽票 / 盐票
* 鹽稅 / 盐税
* 鹽筴 / 盐策
* 鹽綱 / 盐纲
* 鹽膚木 / 盐肤木
* 鹽花 / 盐花
* 鹽藏品 / 盐藏品
* 鹽課 / 盐课
* 鹽車 / 盐车
* 鹽運使 / 盐运使
* 鹽邊 / 盐边 (Yánbiān)
* 鹽酥雞 / 盐酥鸡 (yánsūjī)
* 鹽酸 / 盐酸 (yánsuān)
* 鹽酸草 / 盐酸草
* 鹽醬口 / 盐酱口
* 鹽鈔 / 盐钞
* 鹽鐵使 / 盐铁使
* 鹽鐵論 / 盐铁论 (Yán Tiě Lùn)
* 鹽霜 / 盐霜 (yánshuāng)
* 鹽類 / 盐类
* 鹽餘 / 盐余
* 鹽鹼地 / 盐碱地 (yánjiǎndì)
* 齏鹽 / 齑盐

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 塩(えん) (en)
* → Korean: 염(鹽) (yeom)
* → Vietnamese: diêm (鹽)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yàn (yan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jim$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): siéng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sīⁿ / iām
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$yi / $^6$ye / $^6$yen
** (Jinhua): $^6$ie
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^4$
*** Yale: yàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jim$^6$
*** Yale: yihm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jim$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yim$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːm²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siéng
*** Sinological IPA : /siɛŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sing$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬiŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīⁿ / iām
*** Tâi-lô: sīnn / iām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svi, iam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sĩ²²/, /iam²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sĩ⁴¹/, /iam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sĩ²²/, /iam²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sĩ³³/, /iam³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sĩ³³/, /iam³³/
* sīⁿ - vernacular (“to salt; irritated”);
* iām - literary.
* Middle Chinese: yemH
Rime :
| Character | 鹽 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以贍切 |
| Baxter | yemH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jiam$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛm$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ɛm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jim$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢr][o]m-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·lams/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鹽 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yem$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢr][o]m-s/ |
| English | salt (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鹽 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 6117 |
| Phonetic component | 監 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 豔 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·lams/ |

#### Definitions

鹽
* (Classical, Min or Wu) to salt; to lay in brine; to pickle; to marinate
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Xiè guì yǔ jiāng yǐ sǎ zhū shàng ér yàn zhī, qián ér shí zhī. [Pinyin]
    [...], sprinkled on it pieces of cinnamon and ginger, and added salt. It could be eaten thus when dried.
* (Eastern Min) to devote oneself to; to invest
* (Southern Min, of a wound) irritated; painful (from salt or medication)
* (Ningbonese, of one's body) to be drenched in sweat
* (Ningbonese) to apply soap to; to dab or cover with soap
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 豔 / 艳 (yàn, “to envy”)

#### Compounds

* 暴鹽 / 暴盐
* 鹽鴨蛋 / 盐鸭蛋

### References

* “鹽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 塩 |
| Kyūjitai | 鹽 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 塩)
* kyūjitai form of 塩 (“salt”)

#### Readings

* Go-on: えん (en)
* Kan-on: えん (en)
* Kun: しお (shio, 鹽)

## Korean
### Hanja

鹽 (eumhun 소금 염 (sogeum yeom))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鹽: Hán Nôm readings: diêm, diễm
* (in compounds) salt

#### Derived terms

* 鹽場 (diêm trường)
* 鹽業 (diêm nghiệp)
* 鹽民 (diêm dân)
* 鹽生 (diêm sinh)

### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Trần (2004).