# معدن
## Arabic
### Etymology

Noun of place and tool noun of عَدَنَ (ʕadana, “to strike”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maʕ.din/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

مَعْدِن • (maʕdin) m (plural مَعَادِن (maʕādin))
* mine, lode, place where a mineral is found
    Synonym: (commoner) مَنْجِم (manjim)
** c. 950, أبو دلف مسعر بن مهلهل [ʾAbū Dulaf Misʿar Ibn Muhalhal], edited by Kurd von Schlözer, De itinere Asiatico commentarium‎, published 1845 $^{WC}$ $^{GB}$, pages 18–19:فخرجت إلى الساحل أربد بكلة وهذا أول الهند ومنتهى مسير المراكب لا يتهيّأ لها أن يتجاوزها وألا غرقت قال فلما وصلت إلى كلة رأيته وهي عظيمة عالية السور كثيرة البساتين غزيرة الماء ووجدت بها معدن الرصاص القلعي لا يكون إلا في قلعتها في سائر الدنيا، وفي هذه القلعة تضرب السيوف القلعية، وهي الهندية العتيقة … وأهل هذه القلعة يمتنعون على ملكها إذا أرادوا يطيعونه إن أحبوا ورسمهم رسم الصين في ترك الذبائح وليس في جميع الدنيا معدن الرصاص القلعي إلا في هذه القلعة وبينهما وبين الصين ثلثمائة فرسخ وحولها مدن ورساتيق وقرى ولهم أحكام وحبوس وخبايات وأكلهم البر والتمور وبقولهم كلها تباع وزنا وأرغفة خبزهم تباع عددا ولا حمامات لهم بل عندهم عين جارية يغتسلون فيها ودرهمهم يزن ثلثي درهم ويعرف بالفهري ولهم فلوس يتعاملون بها ويلبسون كأهل الصين الإفرند الصيني المثمن وملكها دون ملك الصين ويخطب لملك الصين وقبلته إليه وبيت عبادته له.And I went off to the dusty shore of Kala, which is the first and ultimate end of India for vessels, as nobody even dares to imagine to pass by it since he would drown. When I arrived at Kala, I conned it and it is large and has high walls, many gardens and plenty of water, and I found mines of tin not found in the rest of the world but in Qalʿa, and in this Qalʿa one forges the Qalʿaite swords, the excellent Indian ones, and the populace of this Qalʿa withstands its king when it wants and abides by him when it lists, and their tradition is like the tradition of China, refraining from slaughtering beasts, and there aren’t in all the world tin mines but in this Qalʿa, and between them two and China are three-hundred parasang, and there are towns, rural districts and villages, and they have jurisdiction, jails, and corbans, and their food is wheat and dates and all their vegetables they buy by scales, and their bread is bread-rolls they buy by count. They have no baths but a running spring in which they wash, and their dirham weighs as a third-dirham and is known as Fahrī, and they have fulūs with which they commerce, and they dress like the people of China in dear Chinese silks, and their king is subordinate to the King of China, reports to the King of China, his praying direction is to him, his place of sacrifice is towards him.
* mineral
* metal

#### Derived terms

* مَعْدِنِيّ (maʕdiniyy)

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: mədən
* → Ottoman Turkish: معدن (maʿden)
** Turkish: maden
** → Albanian: madem
** → Armenian: մատէն (matēn), մա̈դա̈ն (mädän), մատէմ (matēm)
** → Greek: μαντέμι (mantémi)
** → Macedonian: мадем (madem)
** → Polish: majdan
** → Romanian: madem
** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: мајдан
    Latin script: majdan
* → Persian: معدن (ma'dan)
** Tajik: маъдан (maʾdan)
** → Pashto: معدن (ma'dán)
** → Urdu: معدن (ma'din)
* → Turkmen: magdan
* → Uyghur: مەدەن (meden)
* → Uzbek: ma'dan

### Noun

مِعْدَن • (miʕdan) m
* (obsolete) a pointed hammer to strike rocks, a pickaxe
    Synonyms: صَاقُور (ṣāqūr), مِعْوَل (miʕwal)

#### Declension
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْدِن (maʕdin, “mine, load”).

### Noun

معدن • (maʼden) (definite accusative معدنی (maʼdeni), plural معادن (maʼâdin))
* mine, an excavation from which ore or minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels
    Synonyms: كان (kân), منجم (mencem)
* metal, any of various chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms
    Synonym: فلز (filizz)
* (mineralogy) ore, rock or other material that contains valuable or utilitarian materials, primarily metals or gems
    Synonym: جوهر (cevher)
* mineral, a solid substance that has a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure

### Adjective

معدن • (maʼden)
* metallic, of, relating to, or characteristic of metal, made of or containing such a material
    Synonym: معدنی (maʼdenî)

#### Derived terms

* آق معدن (ak maʼden, “mica”)
* اسكی معدن (eski maʼden, “any old metal”)
* باقر معدنی (bakır maʼdeni, “copper-mine; copper-ore”)
* حبش معدنی (habeş maʼdeni, “black sulphur of mercury”)
* كتاب معدنی (kitâb maʼdeni, “large librery of books”)
* معدن بوقی (maʼden boku, “scoriae of metal”)
* معدن صویی (maʼden suyu, “mineral water”)
* معدن طباق (maʼden tabak, “metal dish”)
* معدن طوزی (maʼden tuzu, “rock salt”)
* معدن قاشیق (maʼden kaşık, “metal spoon”)
* معدن كوموری (maʼden kömürü, “coal”)
* معدن مقاطعه‌سی (maʼden mukataʼası, “andministration of mines”)
* معدنجی (maʼdenci, “miner”)
* معدنی (maʼdenî, “metallic”)
* معلومات معدنی (maʼlumat maʼdeni, “fount of all wisdom”, literally “mine of knowledge”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: maden
* → Albanian: madem
* → Armenian: մատէն (matēn), մա̈դա̈ն (mädän), մատէմ (matēm)
* → Greek: μαντέμι (mantémi)
* → Macedonian: мадем (madem)
* → Polish: majdan
* → Romanian: madem
* → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: мајдан
    Latin script: majdan

### Proper noun

معدن • (maʼden)
* Maden (a town and district in Elazığ province, Turkey)
    Synonym: ارغنی معدنی (ergani maʼdeni) (historical)
* (now historical) Synonym of چام آردی (çam ardı)
* (now historical) Synonym of كسكین (keskin)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: Maden
* → Armenian: Մադեն (Maden)

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “معدن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 773
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “maden”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3002
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “maʿden”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 668
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “معدن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1191
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Fodina”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 594
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “معدن”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 4763
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “maden”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2010–) “Maden”, in Nişanyan Yeradları: Türkiye ve Çevre Ülkeler Yerleşim Birimleri Envanteri [Index Anatolicus: An inventory of place names of Turkey and surrounding countries] (in Turkish)
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “معدن”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1905
* Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Maden”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎, 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 521

## Pashto
### Etymology

From Arabic مَعْدِن (maʕdin).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mɑd̪ən/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

معدن • (mâdën) m (plural معدنونه (mâdënûna))
* (rare, obsolete) mineral

#### Declension
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْدِن (maʕdin).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [maʔ.ˈdan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.d̪ǽn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.d̪ǽn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [mɑː.d̪ǽn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [mɔː.d̪ǽn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [mæʔ.d̪ǽn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [mäʔ.d̪ǽn]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

معدن • (ma'dan) (plural معادن (ma'âden) or معدن‌ها (ma'dan-hâ))
* mine, quarry
    Synonym: کان (kân)
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 2077:یاد الناس معادن هین بیار معدنی باشد فزون از صد هزارyād alnās ma'ādin hīn biyār ma'dan-ē bāšad fuzūn az sad hazārTake heed, remember (the adage), ‘Men are mines’: one mine may be more than a hundred thousand.

#### Derived terms

* معدنچی (ma'danči, “miner”)
* معدنی (ma'dani, “mineral, inorganic”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

From Arabic مَعْدِن (maʕdin).

### Noun

معدن • (ma'din) m or f
* mine, quarry

#### Related terms

* معدنی (ma'dinī)
* معدنیات (ma'dinīyāt)