# alder
## English
### Alternative forms

* owler (Lancashire)
* aller (UK, dialectal)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle English aldre, alder, aller, from Old English alor, from Proto-West Germanic *aluʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aluz, *alusō, *alizō, *alisō.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɔːldə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US, Canada)
** (without the cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈɔldɚ/
** (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈɑldɚ/

#### Noun

alder (plural alders)
* Any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Alnus, belonging to the birch family.
** 1923 October, Robert Frost, “[Notes.] The Axe-helve.”, in New Hampshire […], New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC, page 37:I’ve known ere now an interfering branch / Of alder catch my lifted axe behind me. / But that was in the woods, to hold my hand / From striking at another alder’s roots, / And that was, as I say, an alder branch.
** 1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.
** 1967, J. A. Baker, The Peregrine, page 40:That's what the tiercel was doing when I found him again in the alder.

##### Derived terms

* alder bush
* Aldercar
* alder carr
* alderfly
* aldern
* alderwood
* cherry alder
* tag alder
* alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus)
* Andean alder (Alnus acuminata)
* black alder (Alnus glutinosa, Ilex verticillata)
* black alder winterberry
* brook alder (Ilex verticillata)
* Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata)
* common alder (Alnus glutinosa)
* European alder (Alnus glutinosa)
* false alder (Ilex verticillata, Cunonia capensis)
* Formosan alder (Alnus formosana)
* green alder (Alnus viridis)
* grey alder (Alnus incana)
* hazel alder (Alnus serrulata)
* Himalayan alder (Alnus nitida)
* Italian alder (Alnus cordata)
* Japanese alder (Alnus japonica)
* Manchurian alder (Alnus hirsuta)
* Mexican alder (Alnus jorullensis)
* Nepalese alder (Alnus nepalensis)
* oriental alder (Alnus orientalis)
* red alder (Alnus rubra)
* seaside alder (Alnus maritima)
* smooth alder
* speckled alder
* striped alder (Ilex verticillata)
* white alder (Ilex verticillata)
* witch alder

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Clipping of alderman.

#### Noun

alder (plural alders)
* An alderman or alderwoman.
** 2004, Stephanie Luce -, Fighting for a Living Wage, page 121:Almost immediately, city alders contacted the campaign to negotiate an ordinance.
** 2013, Dawn Day Biehler, Pests in the City: Flies, Bedbugs, Cockroaches, and Rats, page 180:Chicago's mayor Edward Kennelly, the city alders, and many white Chicagoans opposed this siting plan.
** 2017 September 28, Isabel Bysiewicz, “Eidelson reflects on time as alder”, in Yale Daily News:After three years as Ward 1 alder, Sarah Eidelson ’12 will leave city government at the end of the year.

##### Derived terms

* alder-liefest
* aldership

### Anagrams

* Adler, Alred, Eldar, Leard, Radel, Radle, lader, lared

## Danish
### Etymology

Derived from Old Danish aldær, from Old Norse aldr, from Proto-Germanic *aldrą.

### Noun

alder c (singular definite alderen, plural indefinite aldre)
* age

#### Derived terms

* alderdom
* alderdomshjem
* aldersbestemme
* aldersdiabetes
* aldersdiabetiker
* aldersformand
* aldersgruppe
* aldersgrænse
* alderspension
* alderspensionist
* alderspræsident
* aldersspredning
* alderssvarende
* alderstegen
* atomalder
* barnealder
* bondestenalder
* bronzealder
* førskolealder
* gennemsnitsalder
* guldalder
* intelligensalder
* jernalder
* jægerstenalder
* konfirmationsalder
* lavalder
* levealder
* lømmelalder
* menneskealder
* midalder
* middelalder
* myndighedsalder
* overgangsalder
* pensionsalder
* pubertetsalder
* senmiddelalder
* skolealder
* stenalder
* sølvalder
* tidsalder
* trodsalder
* ungpigealder
* voksealder
* voksenalder
* værnepligtsalder

### References

* “alder” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Middle English
### Noun

alder
* Alternative form of aldre

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse aldr, from Proto-Germanic *aldrą. Akin to ale (“to raise”), from ala.

### Noun

alder m (definite singular alderen, indefinite plural aldere or aldre or aldrer, definite plural alderne or aldrene)
* age

#### Derived terms

* alderdom
* alderdommelig
* aldersattest
* aldersblandet
* aldersbolig
* aldersforskjell
* aldersforskning
* aldersgrense
* aldersgruppe
* aldersheim
* aldershjem
* alderspensjon
* alderspensjonist
* aldring
* atomalder
* bronsealder
* gjennomsnittsalder
* gullalder
* levealder
* mellomalder
* middelalder
* oljealder
* overgangsalder
* steinalder
* tidsalder

### References

* “alder” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Norse aldr, from Proto-Germanic *aldrą. Akin to ale (“to raise”), from ala.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑldɛr/

### Noun

alder m (definite singular alderen, indefinite plural aldrar, definite plural aldrane)
* age

#### Derived terms

* alderdom
* alderdomleg
* alderdommeleg
* aldersattest
* aldersbustad
* aldersforsking
* aldersforskjell
* aldersgrense
* aldersgruppe
* aldersheim
* alderspensjon
* alderspensjonist
* aldring
* atomalder
* bronsealder
* gjennomsnittsalder
* gullalder
* levealder
* mellomalder
* oljealder
* overgangsalder
* steinalder
* tidsalder

### References

* “alder” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Frisian
### Alternative forms

* althēr

### Etymology

From al (“wholly”) +‎ thēr (“there”).

### Adverb

aldēr
* then
* when

### Conjunction

aldēr
* when
* if, in case that

## Old Swedish
### Alternative forms

* ᛆᛚᚦᚽᚱ (Runic)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse allr, from Proto-Germanic *allaz.

#### Adjective

alder
* all
* whole, complete

##### Descendants

* Swedish: all

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Norse aldr, from Proto-Germanic *aldrą.

#### Noun

alder m
* lifetime
* age (how old someone or something is)
* age, era
* old age

##### Descendants

* Swedish: ålder