# 忌諱
## Chinese
### Etymology
#### “(euphemistic) vinegar”

    It substitutes 醋 (cù, “vinegar”), which also means “jealousy” (Xu, 1990).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìhuì
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gei$^6$ wai$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kī-hùi / khī-hùi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gi$^6$ hui$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìhuì → jìhui (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ → ㄐㄧˋ ˙ㄏㄨㄟ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìhue̊i
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$-hui$^5$
*** Yale: jì-hwei
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih.huey
*** Palladius: цзихуэй (czixuej)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/ → /t͡ɕi⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$季會 / 季会 忌諱 / 忌讳 濟惠 / 济惠 計會 / 计会 際會 / 际会
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^6$ wai$^5$
*** Yale: geih wáih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^6$ wai$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^6$ wei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯²² wɐi̯¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī-hùi
*** Tâi-lô: kī-huì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kixhuix
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki²²⁻²¹ hui²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹⁻²² hui⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki³³⁻²¹ hui²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ki³³⁻¹¹ hui¹¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khī-hùi
*** Tâi-lô: khī-huì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qixhuix
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰi³³⁻¹¹ hui¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi³³⁻²¹ hui²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gi$^6$ hui$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭ hùi
*** Sinological IPA : /ki³⁵⁻¹¹ hui²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: giH xjw+jH
Rime :
| Character | 忌 | 諱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 微 (21) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 渠記切 | 許貴切 |
| Baxter | giH | xjw+jH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡɨ$^H$/ | /hʉi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡɨ$^H$/ | /hʷɨi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡie$^H$/ | /xiuəi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gɨ$^H$/ | /huj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡiə$^H$/ | /xiuəi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭə$^H$/ | /xĭwəi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /gi$^H$/ | /xwe̯i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jì | huì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^6$ | fai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯs qʰʷɯls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 忌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ gi$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-k(r)ək-s/ |
| English | warn; avoid |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 忌 | 諱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5774 | 12812 |
| Phonetic component | 己 | 韋 |
| Rime group | 之 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 忌 | 諱 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯs/ | /*qʰʷɯls/ |

### Verb

忌諱
* to avoid like a plague; to consider as taboo
       Zhèngfǔ tǐng jìhuì zhège de. [Pinyin]
       The government considers this a taboo topic.

#### Synonyms

* 避諱／避讳 (bìhuì)
* (Hokkien) 忌克

### Noun

忌諱
* taboo
* (regional, euphemistic) vinegar

#### Synonyms

* (taboo): 避忌 (bìjì), 禁忌 (jìnjì)
* (vinegar):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 醋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 醋 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 醋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 忌諱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 忌諱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 醋, 忌諱 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 醋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) | 醋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 醋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 醋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 醋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 酸, 醋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 酸 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 酸, 醋 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 醋, 七醋, 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 醋 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 酸醋 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 醋 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 醋, 小酒 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 醋, 小酒 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 醋, 小酒 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 醋, 酸醋, 甜酒 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 醋 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 醋 |
| Hakka | Changting | 醋 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 小酒, 醋 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 醋, 小酒, 酸酒 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 醋 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 小酒 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 酸醋, 醋 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 醋 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 醋 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 酸醋 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 醋 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 甜酒 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 醋 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 醋 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 醋 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 醋 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 醋 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 醋 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 醋, 小酒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 醋 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 醋 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 醋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 醋 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 醋, 酸 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 酸醋 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 醋 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 醋 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 醋 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 醋 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 醋 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 醋 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 醋, 米醋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 醋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 醋, 米醋 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 酸醋 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Wu | Danyang | 醋, 酸醋 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 醋, 米醋 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 米醋 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 醋 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 醋, 米醋 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 醋, 小酒 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 小酒 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 醋, 小酒 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 醋 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 醋 |

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 忌諱(きき) (kiki)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 忌 | 諱 |
| き Grade: S | き Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

忌(き)諱(き) • (kiki)
* displeasure; offense; offence; disliking