# 十八
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shíbā
       (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si$^2$ ba$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шыба (šɨba, I-I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sap$^6$ baat$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sip$^5$ bat$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): siit$^7$ bat$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p-pat
    (Meixian, Guangdong): seb$^6$ bad$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): seh$^5$ bah$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): sí-băi
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĕk-báik
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cha̍p-peh / cha̍p-poeh
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zab$^8$ boih$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zeq-paq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr$^6$ ba$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shíbā
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shíhba
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^2$-pa$^1$
*** Yale: shŕ-bā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrba
*** Palladius: шиба (šiba)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: si$^2$ ba$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sba
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹ pa²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шыба (šɨba, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩²⁴ pa²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sap$^6$ baat$^3$
*** Yale: sahp baat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sap$^9$ baat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: seb$^6$ bad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐp̚² paːt̚³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sip$^5$ bat$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sip̚³² pat̚³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: siit$^7$ bat$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɨt̚² pat̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p-pat
*** Hakka Romanization System: siib bad$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sib$^6$ bad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵ pat̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: seb$^6$ bad$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /səp̚⁵ pat̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: seh$^5$ bah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴ paʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí-băi
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵⁴ pai²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕk-báik
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛiʔ⁵⁻²¹ paiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-peh
*** Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-peh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zabpeq
*** IPA (Yilan): /t͡sap̚⁵⁻² peʔ²/
*** IPA (Tainan): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻¹ peʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² peʔ³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ peʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Philippines, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-poeh
*** Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-pueh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zabpoeq
*** IPA (Lukang): /t͡sap̚³⁵⁻² pueʔ⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² pueʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sap̚⁵⁴⁻³² pueʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines, Jinjiang): /t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² pueʔ⁵/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zab$^8$ boih$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p poih
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sap̚⁴⁻² poiʔ²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$zeq-paq
*** MiniDict: zeh$^入$ pah
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$zeq-paq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ paʔ²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: shr$^6$ ba$^6$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ pa̠²⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /sz̩²⁴ pa̠²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dzyip peat
Rime :
| Character | 十 | 八 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (141) | 鎋 (75) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 是執切 | 博拔切 |
| Baxter | dzyip | peat |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiɪp̚/ | /pˠɛt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑip̚/ | /pᵚæt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjep̚/ | /pæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑip̚/ | /pəɨt̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiəp̚/ | /pɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭĕp̚/ | /pæt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʑi̯əp̚/ | /pat̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shí | ba |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sap$^6$ | baat$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp pˤret/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub preːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 十 | 八 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shí | bā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyip › | ‹ pɛt › |
| Old Chinese | /*t.[ɡ]əp/ | /*pˁret/ |
| English | ten | eight |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 十 | 八 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11452 | 89 |
| Phonetic component | 十 | 八 |
| Rime group | 緝 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 十 | 八 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡjub/ | /*preːd/ |

### Numeral

十八
* eighteen; 18
    芳齡十八／芳龄十八 ― fānglíng shíbā ― (of a girl) to be eighteen years of age
       Yī ge rén dào le shíbā suì cái suàndeshàng yī ge zhànlì zhe rén. [Pinyin]
       A man at the age of eighteen may be considered a standing person.

#### Derived terms

* 九曲十八彎 / 九曲十八弯 (jiǔ qū shíbā wān)
* 九腔十八調 / 九腔十八调
* 十七十八無醜女 / 十七十八无丑女
* 十八仔
* 十八廿二
* 十八烷 (shíbāwán)
* 十八禁 (shíbājìn)
* 十八般武藝 / 十八般武艺 (shíbā bān wǔyì)
* 十八骰仔
* 女大十八變 / 女大十八变
* 救十八
* 肏你祖宗十八代 (cào nǐ zǔzōng shíbā dài)
* 胡笳十八拍 (hújiā shíbā pāi)
* 膏十八仔

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 十八(じゅうはち) (jūhachi)
* → Korean: 십팔(十八) (sip'pal)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 十 | 八 |
| じゅう Grade: 1 | はち Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅうはち [jùúháchíꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːha̠t͡ɕi]

### Numeral

十(じゅう)八(はち) • (jūhachi)
* eighteen; 18

#### Coordinate terms

v • d • eJapanese numbers :
| Number | Kanji | Kana | Romaji |
| 0 | 零 | れい、ゼロ | rei, zero |
| 1 | 一、壱、弌、壹 | いち | ichi |
| 2 | 二、弐、貳、貮 | に | ni |
| 3 | 三、参 | さん | san |
| 4 | 四、肆 | よん、し | yon, shi |
| 5 | 五、伍 | ご | go |
| 6 | 六、陸 | ろく | roku |
| 7 | 七、漆 | なな、しち | nana, shichi |
| 8 | 八、捌 | はち | hachi |
| 9 | 九、玖 | きゅう、く | kyū, ku |
| 10 | 十、拾 | じゅう | jū |
| 100 | 百、陌、佰 | ひゃく | hyaku |
| 1,000 | 千、阡、仟 | せん | sen |
| 10,000 | 一万、万、一萬、萬 | いちまん、まん | ichiman, man |
| 100,000,000 | 一億、億 | いちおく、おく | ichioku, oku |

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 十 | 八 |

### Numeral

十八 • (sip'pal) (hangeul 십팔)
* hanja form of 십팔 (“eighteen”)