# 天狗
## Chinese

* 天狗 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 天狗 (日本) (Written Standard Chinese)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tiāngǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄍㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tin$^1$ gau$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiên-kiéu
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thian-káu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiāngǒu
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄍㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiangǒu
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^1$-kou$^3$
*** Yale: tyān-gǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiangoou
*** Palladius: тяньгоу (tjanʹgou)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tin$^1$ gau$^2$
*** Yale: tīn gáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tin$^1$ gau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tin$^1$ geo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːn⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-kiéu
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien$^ˊ$ gieu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tian$^1$ gieu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴ ki̯eu̯³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-káu
*** Tâi-lô: thian-káu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tienkao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kau⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ kau⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kau⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kau⁴¹/

### Noun

天狗
* (Chinese mythology) tiangou
* (Japanese mythology, Shinto, folklore) tengu

#### Derived terms

* 天狗吃太陽 / 天狗吃太阳
* 天狗吃日 (tiāngǒu chīrì)
* 天狗吃日頭 / 天狗吃日头 (tiāngǒu chī rìtou)
* 天狗吃月
* 天狗吃月亮
* 天狗吞月
* 天狗熱 / 天狗热 (tiāngǒurè)
* 天狗螺
* 天狗食日 (tiāngǒu shírì)
* 天狗食月 (tiāngǒu shíyuè)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 天狗(てんぐ) (tengu)
* → Korean: 천구(天狗) (cheon'gu)
* → Vietnamese: thiên cẩu (天狗)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 天 | 狗 |
| てん Grade: 1 | く > ぐ Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 天狗 (MC then kuwX, “heaven + dog”). First appears in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).
The Chinese version of tengu (Tiangou) was originally more of a dog-like spirit or falling star. As the term and idea were imported into Japanese, the character became associated with 修験道 (“Shugendō, a kind of syncretism of Buddhist and native Japanese elements”), and the Japanese tengu changed to resemble either a long-nosed 山伏 (yamabushi, “mountain monk”, a practitioner of Shugendō) with bright-red skin, or a crow.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てんぐ [tèńgú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [tẽ̞ŋɡɯ̟]

### Noun

天(てん)狗(ぐ) • (tengu)
* (Japanese mythology, Shinto, folklore) a tengu, a mythical Japanese creature, typically birdlike and having a long nose
** 1999 September 23, “カラス天(てん)狗(ぐ) [Crow Tengu]”, in Vol.5, Konami:
    様(さま)々(ざま)なことを知(し)っている天(てん)狗(ぐ)。神(じん)通(つう)力(りき)が使(つか)えるという。
       Samazama na koto o shitte iru tengu. Jintsūriki ga tsukaeru to iu.
       An omniscient tengu. They say it uses divine power.
* (figurative) a yamabushi
* (Noh) a tengu mask
* (historical) the Christian devil, Satan
* (figurative, from the tengu's long nose) pridefulness; someone who is very prideful, boastful, or full of oneself (compare English look down one's nose)

#### Derived terms

* 天(てん)狗(ぐ)鮫(ざめ) (tenguzame): Mitsukurina owstoni, the goblin shark
* 天(テン)狗(グ)猿(ザル) (tengu-zaru): Nasalis larvatus, the proboscis monkey
* 天(テン)狗(グ)貝(ガイ) (tengu-gai): Chicoreus ramosus, the ramose murex or branched murex
* 天(テン)狗(グ)鍬(クワ)形(ガタ) (tengu kuwagata): Veronica serpyllifolia, the thyme-leaved speedwell or thymeleaf speedwell
* 天狗蝙蝠(テングコウモリ) (tengu kōmori): Murina hilgendorfi
* 天(てん)狗(ぐ)根(こん)性(じょう) (tengukonjō): a self-centered personality, a prideful or boastful disposition
* 天(てん)狗(ぐ)酒(ざけ) (tenguzake): a feast, banquet, or party with lots of alcohol; a drinking party
* 天(てん)狗(ぐ)星(せい) (tengusei): a kind of shooting star, one that includes a loud sound and a bright light
* 天(てん)狗(ぐ)巣(す) (tengusu): literally “tengu nest”, a place on a tree where many small branches grow
* 天(テン)狗(グ)茸(タケ) (tengu take): Amanita pantherina, the poisonous panther cap or false blusher mushroom
* 天狗蝶(テングチョウ) (tengu-chō)

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 天狗 (tiāngǒu) (reborrowed for the Japanese sense)
* → English: tengu
* → French: tengu
* → Korean: 텐구 (ten'gu)
* → Russian: тэ́нгу (tɛ́ngu)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN