# sot
## Translingual
### Symbol

sot
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sotho.

## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɒt/
* Rhymes: -ɒt
* Homophone: sought (cot–caught merger)
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English sot, from Old English sot, sott (“foolish, stupid”), from Medieval Latin sottus (“foolish”), of obscure origin and relation. Possibly an expressive interjection, similar to French zut! (“damn it!”).
Compare Middle Low German sot (“insane, foolish, stupid”), Middle Dutch sot ("foolish, absurd, stupid"; > modern Dutch zot), French sot (“stupid, foolish, goofy”).

#### Noun

sot (plural sots)
* (archaic) Stupid person; fool.
** 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:Remember First to possess his books; for without them He's but a sot, as I am […]
** c. 1670-1680, John Oldham, The Eighth Satire of Monsieur Boileau, imitated
    In Egypt oft has seen the Sot bow down, And reverence some deified Baboon.
* Drunkard.
** 1684, Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon, Essay on Translated Verse:Every sign That calls the staring sots to nasty wine.
** April 21, 1864, John Ruskin, "Traffic", Unto This Last and Other Writings, New York: Penguin (1997), p. 235
    Take a picture by Teniers, of sots quarrelling over their dice; it is an entirely clever picture; so clever that nothing in its kind has ever been done equal to it; but it is also an entirely base and evil picture.

##### Synonyms

* (stupid person): See also Thesaurus:idiot (intelligence) or Thesaurus:fool (wisdom)
* (drunkard): alcoholic, souse, suck-pint; See also Thesaurus:drunkard

##### Derived terms

* sottish

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English sotten, from the adjective (see above).

#### Verb

sot (third-person singular simple present sots, present participle sotting, simple past and past participle sotted)
* To drink until one becomes drunk
* To stupefy; to infatuate; to besot.
** 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):I hate to see a brave, bold fellow sotted.

##### Derived terms

* besot
* sotted
* sot-weed

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Compare sod (vulgar interjection).

#### Pronunciation

* (Singapore) IPA: /sɒt/

#### Adjective

sot (comparative more sot, superlative most sot)
* (Singapore, colloquial, vulgar) Upset, unhappy or bitter about something.
** 2020 July 11, @risaannwong, Twitter‎:Ngl still damn sot about PV barging into Pasir Ris-Punggol and forcing a vote-split. The disrespect towards SDA was NOT ACCEPTABLE

### Etymology 4

From Cantonese short (sot$^1$, “crazy”), itself a clipping of English short circuit.

#### Adjective

sot (comparative more sot, superlative most sot, reduplicated sot sot)
* (Singlish, Manglish) Insane, crazy, screwed up.
** 2024 March 4, Unregistered, “Shopee fresh grad pay”, in Salary.sg Forums:all swe [software engineers] recently sot sot one. spent the last 3 years chasing too much headline salaries but now tech winter so all scared and frustrated . frustrations boiling over

#### Verb

sot (invariable)
* (Singlish, Manglish, intransitive) To short circuit, to go haywire or malfunction.
** 2009 May 29, anric79, “[Group] YAMAHA Fazer”, in singaporebikes.com:my stock horn sot sot liao
* (Singlish, Manglish, intransitive) To go crazy.
** 2021 July 13, Unregistered, “Roles in accenture singapore”, in Salary.sg Forums:All these delusional ACN graduates. Must be OT so much until brain sot liao

### References

* ↑ Metzler, I. (2015). Fools and Idiots? Intellectual Disability in the Middle Ages. United States: Manchester University Press.
* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “zot”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

### Anagrams

* ToS, TOs, Tso, OST, sto, OTs, ost, OTS, ots, TOS, TSO

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* sod — Gheg
* σὸτ — Arvanitika

### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *tˢjādīti, from a Pre-Albanian (post-Proto-Indo-European) *ḱyeh₂ dh₂itéy (dative-locative compound, literally “this day”). Same type of construction as sonte, sivjet. See also ditë, which is related to the second component.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sot]

### Adverb

sot
* today

#### Derived terms

* sotmë, sormë

#### Related terms

* sonte
* sivjet
* ditë

### References

* ↑ Fialuur i voghel Sccyp e ltinisct (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin), page 142, by P. Jak Junkut, 1895, Sckoder
* ↑ Λεξικόν της Ρωμαϊκοις και Αρβανητηκής Απλής (Lexicon of the simple Romaic and Arbanitic language), page 89, by Markos Botsaris

## Catalan
### Etymology

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia root *(t)sott-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsɔt]
* Rhymes: -ɔt

### Noun

sot m (plural sots)
* hollow
* pit, hole
* grave

#### Derived terms

* ensotar
* sotal

### Further reading

* “sot” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “sot” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Dalmatian
### Etymology

From Latin exsūctus (compare Italian asciutto, Venetan suto, Friulian sut, Spanish enjuto, Portuguese enxuto) or Latin suctus (compare Romanian supt).

### Adjective

sot
* dry

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse sótt, from Proto-Germanic *suhtiz, cognate with Norwegian sott, Swedish sot (archaic), German Sucht. Derived from the verb *seukaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /soːˀt/, [ˈsoˀd̥]

### Noun

sot c (singular definite soten, plural indefinite soter)
* (dated) disease

#### Synonyms

* sygdom

#### Derived terms

* blegsot
* farsot
* gulsot
* ildsot
* sotteseng
* svindsot
* vattersot

### Further reading

* “sot” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Faliscan
### Etymology

Cognate with Latin sunt.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsoːt/

### Verb

sōt
* third-person plural present active indicative of 𐌄𐌔𐌞 (esú)
** 2009, Gabriël Bakkum, The Latin dialect of the Ager Faliscus: 150 years of scholarship (in English), Vossiuspers UvA, page 529:[---]fatecela·letezotxxiiii

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle French sot, from Old French soz, from Medieval Latin sottus (“foolish”), of uncertain ultimate origin. Possibly an expressive interjection, similar to modern zut! (“damn it!”). This Latin word was borrowed into Germanic languages such as Dutch zot, Old English sott (modern English sot).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /so/
** Audio:(file)
** Homophones: saut, sauts, sceau, sceaux, seau, seaux, sots
* (older, now chiefly Belgium) IPA: /sɔ/
** Homophone: sots

### Adjective

sot (feminine sotte, masculine plural sots, feminine plural sottes)
* silly, foolish, stupid

#### Derived terms

* il n’y a pas de sot métier

### Noun

sot m (plural sots, feminine sotte)
* imbecile, fool

#### Derived terms

* sottise

### References

* ↑ Metzler, I. (2015). Fools and Idiots? Intellectual Disability in the Middle Ages. United States: Manchester University Press.
* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “zot”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

### Further reading

* “sot”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin subtus, which is derived from Latin sub. Cognate to Ladin sot, Romansch sut, suot, Venetan sóto, Italian sotto, French sous, Romanian sub, supt.

### Preposition

sot
* under, beneath, underneath
* below, south of

### Adverb

sot
* down
* underneath
* below

### Derived terms

* disot

## Ladin
### Etymology

From Latin subtus.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Adverb

sot
* under, beneath
* below

## Luxembourgish
### Verb

sot
* inflection of soen:
** second-person plural present/preterite indicative
** first/third-person singular preterite indicative
** second-person plural imperative

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English sot, sott, from Medieval Latin sottus, reinforced by Old French sot (“idiotic”), of obscure origin. Possibly an expressive interjection, similar to modern French zut! (“damn it!”).

#### Alternative forms

* sotte, sote, sott, soth

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɔt/, /sɔːt/

#### Noun

sot (plural sottes or (Early ME) sotten)
* One who lacks wisdom, knowledge, or intelligence; a stupid person.
* A villainous or dishonest individual; a rogue or scoundrel.
* (derogatory) Used as a general-purpose insult.

##### Derived terms

* sotie
* sotliche
* sotschipe
* sotten

##### Descendants

* English: sot
* Scots: sot

##### References

* “sot, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-06-14.

#### Adjective

sot (plural and weak singular sotte)
* idiotic, unwise

##### References

* “sot, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-06-14.
* ↑ Metzler, I. (2015). Fools and Idiots? Intellectual Disability in the Middle Ages. United States: Manchester University Press.
* ↑ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “zot”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

### Etymology 2

From Old English sōt.

#### Noun

sot
* Alternative form of soot (“soot”)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse sót, from Proto-Germanic *sōtą.

### Noun

sot f or m (definite singular sota or soten, uncountable) sot n (definite singular sotet, uncountable)
* soot

### References

* “sot” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “sot” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse sót, from Proto-Germanic *sōtą.

### Noun

sot f or n (definite singular sota or sotet, uncountable)
* soot

### References

* “sot” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sōtą, from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /soːt/

### Noun

sōt n
* soot

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Descendants

* Middle English: soot, soeth, sood, soote, sot, sote, soth, soyte, suotte, sude, sute (Northern)
** English: soot
** Scots: suit, sute
** Yola: zoot

## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse sótt, from Proto-Germanic *suhtiz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /soːt/

### Noun

sōt f
* sickness

#### Synonyms

* siuka

#### Descendants

* Swedish: sot

### References

* sot in Knut Fredrik Söderwall, Ordbok öfver svenska medeltids-språket, del 2:1: M-T

## Scots
### Adverb

sot
* so (to contradict a negative clause)
** 1897, J. Mackinnon, Braefoot Sketches:“I wisna a grain feart.” “Ye wis sot. Ye ran like the rest o's.”“I wasn't scared at all.” “You was so. You ran like the rest of us.”

### References

* “sot”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Sranan Tongo
### Determiner

sot
* Pronunciation spelling of sortu (“what kind of”).

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suːt/
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old Swedish sōt, from Old Norse sót, from Proto-Germanic *sōtą.

#### Noun

sot n
* soot

##### Related terms

* sota
* sotare
* sotbrand (“chimney fire”)
* soteld (“chimney fire”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Swedish sōt, from Old Norse sótt, from Proto-Germanic *suhtiz.

#### Noun

sot c
* (archaic) disease, sickness

##### Derived terms

* bleksot
* blodsot
* fallandesot
* farsot
* fettsot
* guldsot
* gulsot
* lungsot
* rödsot
* tvinsot
* utsot
* vattusot

##### Related terms

* sota

### References

* sot in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* sot in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* sot in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* 1. sot in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
* 2. sot in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* ost, ots, sto

## Volapük
### Noun

sot (nominative plural sots)
* a sort
* a kind
* a type

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Synonyms

* bid

## Waigali
### Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani *satta, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saptá, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsot/

### Numeral

sot (Nisheigram)
* seven

### References

* ↑ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “sot”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

## Zoogocho Zapotec
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish azote, from Arabic السَوْط (as-sawṭ, “the whip”).

### Noun

sot
* whip
* whipping, beating

#### Derived terms

* chgoꞌo sot

### References

* Long C., Rebecca, Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎ (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 273