# chama
## English
### Etymology

From Swahili chama (“organization, society”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtʃɑːmə/

### Noun

chama (plural chamas)
* (East Africa, chiefly Kenya) Any of several types of informal cooperative society.
** (often) Such a group for pooling and investing savings.
    Hypernym: ROSCA

### Anagrams

* Macha

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese chama (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin flamma (“flame”). Cognate with Portuguese chama, Spanish llama, Sicilian ciamma.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃama/ [ˈt͡ʃa.mɐ]
* Rhymes: -ama
* Hyphenation: cha‧ma

#### Noun

chama f (plural chamas)
* flame
    Synonym: lapa

##### Derived terms

* chamizo
* chamurra
* chamuscar

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

chama
* inflection of chamar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “chama”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “chama”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “chama”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “chama”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “chama”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Garo
### Verb

chama
* to distribute among individuals

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈxamˠə/

### Adjective

chama
* Lenited form of cama.

## Latin
### Etymology 1

Variant form of chēma, from Ancient Greek χήμη (khḗmē).

#### Noun

chāma f (genitive chāmae); first declension
* bivalve, shellfish, clam; cockle

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

### Etymology 2

Unknown. Used by Pliny the Elder in Naturalis Historia.

#### Noun

chama n (genitive chamatis); third declension
* lynx
** (Can we date this quote?), Plinius, Naturalis Historia, liber I. In: Pliny Natural History with an English translation by H. Rackham, vol. I, 1961, p. 40–43:
    Libro VIII. continentur: [...] (xxvi-xxx) De camelis; genera eorum. de camelopardali; quando primimi Romae visa. de chamate. de cephis, de rhinocerote. de lynce et sphingibus. de crocottis. de cercopithecis.Book VIII. Contents: [...] (xxvi-xxx) Camels; their kinds. The giraffe; when first seen at Rome. The spotted lynx. The cephi. The rhinoceros. The lynx and the sphynxes. The crocottae.$^b$ The long-tailed monkeys. $^b$ Perhaps the hyena.

##### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

### Further reading

* “chama”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "chama", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* chama in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Old Irish
### Adjective

chama
* Alternative spelling of chamma: Lenited form of cama.

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* chamma (pre-reform spelling)

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʃɐ̃.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈʃɐ̃.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈʃɐ.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʃɐ.mɐ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈʃɐ.mɐ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃa.mɐ/
* Rhymes: -ɐmɐ
* Hyphenation: cha‧ma

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese chama, from Latin flamma, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlē- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Cognate with Galician chama, and Spanish llama. Doublet of flama.

#### Noun

chama f (plural chamas)
* flame (visible part of fire)
    Synonym: flama
* (figurative) flame (great zeal or passion)
    Synonym: ardor

##### Derived terms

* chamiço

#### See also

* fogo, incêndio, labareda, língua de fogo

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

chama
* inflection of chamar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃama/ [ˈt͡ʃa.ma]
* Rhymes: -ama
* Syllabification: cha‧ma

### Noun

chama m (plural chamas)
* chama
* female equivalent of chamo

### Further reading

* “chama”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

chama class VII (plural vyama class VIII)
* organization, society
* union
* party (a political party)
* club

#### Derived terms

* mwanachama

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀkham (“urinate”).

### Verb

-chama
* (intransitive) to urinate

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀkham (“urinate”).

### Verb

-chama
* (intransitive) to urinate

#### Inflection
### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “chama”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “chama (6.3)”