# roast
## English
### Alternative forms

* rost (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English rosten, a borrowing from Old French rostir (“to roast, to torture with fire”), from Frankish *rōstijan (“to roast, broil”), from Proto-Germanic *raustijaną (“to roast”), from Proto-Indo-European *rews- (“to crackle; roast”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian rosterje (“to roast”), Dutch roosten, roosteren (“to roast”), German rösten (“to roast”).
Displaced native Middle English breden, bræden (“to roast”), from Old English brǣdan, related to German braten (“to roast, grill”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) enPR: rōst, IPA: /ɹoʊst/
* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: rōst, IPA: /ɹəʊst/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊst

### Verb

roast (third-person singular simple present roasts, present participle roasting, simple past and past participle roasted)
* (transitive or intransitive or ergative) To cook food by heating in an oven or over a fire without covering, resulting in a crisp, possibly even slightly charred appearance.
    Coordinate terms: bake, boil, broil, fry, grill, poach, toast
    to roast meat on a spit
* To cook by surrounding with hot embers, ashes, sand, etc.
    to roast a potato in ashes
** 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:In eggs boiled and roasted […] there is scarce difference to be discerned.
* (transitive or intransitive or ergative) To process by drying through exposure to sun or artificial heat.
    Coffee beans need roasting before use.
    to roast chestnuts or peanuts
* To heat to excess; to heat violently; to burn.
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:roasted in wrath and fire
* (transitive, figuratively) To admonish someone vigorously.
    I'm late home for the fourth time this week; my mate will really roast me this time.
* (transitive, figuratively) To subject to bantering, severely criticize, sometimes as a comedy routine.
    The class clown enjoys being roasted by mates as well as staff.
* (metalworking) To dissipate the volatile parts of by heat, as ores.

#### Derived terms

* roasting cylinder
* roasting ear
* roasting jack
* roasting pan
* roasting tin
* roast up
* there is reason in the roasting of eggs

#### Translations

Albanian: përcëlloj (sq)
Arabic: شَوَى (šawā), صَلَى (ṣalā), قَلَى (qalā), حَمَّرَ (ḥammara)
Armenian: տապակել (hy) (tapakel), խորովել (hy) (xorovel), բովել (hy) (bovel)
Aromanian: frig, frigu
Assamese: সেকা (xeka)
Bulgarian: пека́ (bg) impf (peká), изпи́чам (bg) impf (izpíčam), изпека́ pf (izpeká)
Catalan: rostir (ca)
Cherokee: ᎠᏒᎾᏔᏍᎦ (asvnatasga)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 燒 / 烧 (siu$^1$)
Mandarin: 燒 / 烧 (zh) (shāo), 烤 (zh) (kǎo), 炙烤 (zhìkǎo)
Czech: péct (cs)
Dutch: roosteren (nl), grillen (nl)
Egyptian: (intransitive) (ꜣšr), (mꜥq), (ḫꜣ)
Esperanto: rosti
Finnish: paahtaa (fi), pariloida (fi)
French: rôtir (fr)
Galician: asar (gl), torrar (gl)
Georgian: შეწვავს (šec̣vavs), შებრაწავს (šebrac̣avs), წვავს (c̣vavs), ბრაწავს (brac̣avs)
German: braten (de), rösten (de)
Alemannic German: bröötle
Greek: (meat) ψήνω (el) (psíno), (coffee) καβουρδίζω (el) (kavourdízo)
Ancient: φρύγω (phrúgō), ὀπτάω (optáō)
Hungarian: süt (hu), megsüt (hu)
Isan: please add this translation if you can
Istriot: rustèi
Italian: arrostire (it)
Japanese: (meat) あぶり焼きにする (aburiyaki ni suru), 焼く (ja) (yaku), あぶる (ja) (aburu), ローストする (ja) (rōsuto suru), (beans, grains) 炒る (ja) (iru), 煎る (ja) (iru), 焙焼する (ja) (baishō suru)
Kabuverdianu: asa, asá
Kapampangan: derang, ningnang
Korean: 굽다 (ko) (gupda)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: biraştin (ku)
Lao: please add this translation if you can
Latin: assō
Latvian: cept (lv)
Maori: huki
Navajo: yiłtʼees, néíłtsááh (for blue cornmeal)
Norman: rôti
Old English: brǣdan
Oromo: waaduu
Papiamentu: hasa
Persian: برشتن (fa) (bereštan), کباب کردن (fa) (kabâb kardan)
Piedmontese: rustì
Polish: piec (pl) impf, upiec (pl) pf
Portuguese: assar (pt)
Quechua: kankay
Romanian: frige (ro)
Russian: жа́рить (ru) pf (žáritʹ), зажа́рить (ru) impf (zažáritʹ), поджа́рить (ru) impf (podžáritʹ)
Scottish Gaelic: ròst
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: пећи
Roman: peći (sh)
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: pjac
Spanish: asar (es), rostir (es), rustir (es), rostizar (es), tatemar (es)
Swedish: steka (sv), rosta (sv), grilla (sv), ugnssteka
Tetum: tunu
Thai: ย่าง (th) (yâang), ปิ้ง (th) (bpîng), เผา (th) (pǎo)
Turkish: please add this translation if you can
Vietnamese: nướng (vi)
Yiddish: בראָטן (brotn) :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Noun

roast (plural roasts)
* A piece of meat suited to roasting; meat that has been roasted.
    Serve the roast with gravy and mashed potatoes.
* A meal consisting of roast foods.
    Come over this weekend for Sunday roast.
* The degree to which something, especially coffee, is roasted.
    Dark roast means that the coffee bean has been roasted to a higher temperature and for a longer period of time than in light roast.
* An instance of being severely admonished, criticized, roasted. [from 18th century]
** 1899, Archibald Clavering Gunter, M.S. Bradford, Special, page 58:“He ain’t no good!” With this she steps back to the table where Miss Montague has just tired of the Cuban, slips her arms about that seraph’s waist, and says: “Your Frank is in Washington and my Jasper has just given me a roast. Reckon we’ll both have to be bachelor girls to-night.”
* A comical event, originally fraternal, where a person is subjected to verbal attack, yet may be praised by sarcasm and jokes.
* (Canada, US) A social event at which food is roasted and eaten. [from 19th century]
    On Memorial Day we hosted a wiener roast in the backyard.
* (slang) A creative insult as a response to something someone said.
    Synonym: burn

#### Derived terms

* bull roast
* corn roast
* crown roast
* nut roast
* pot roast
* prate-roast
* roastmaster
* rule the roast
* spit roast
* Sunday roast
* wiener roast

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Adjective

roast (not comparable)
* Having been cooked by roasting.
    Synonym: roasted
* (figuratively) Subjected to roasting; bantered; severely criticized. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

#### Derived terms

* roast beef
* roast-beef plant
* roast dinner
* roast iron
* roast-meat clothes
* roast pork

#### Translations
### See also

* barbecue
* chargrill
* grill
* joint
* roasties

### References

* “roast”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* Astor, Astro, Roats, Sarot, Troas, artos, astro, astro-, ratos, rotas, sorta, taros, tarso-

## Estonian
### Noun

roast
* elative singular of roog