# modulus
## English
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin modulus. Doublet of module and mold.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

modulus (plural moduli)
* (mathematics) The base with respect to which a congruence is computed.
* (mathematics) The absolute value of a complex number.
* (physics) A coefficient that expresses how much of a certain property is possessed by a certain substance.
* (physics) A scalar field controlling the shape and size of extra dimensions in a compactification.
* (computing, programming) An operator placed between two numbers, to get the remainder of the division of those numbers.

#### Synonyms

* (programming): mod, %

#### Derived terms

* bulk modulus
* elastic modulus
* modulo
* modulus of elasticity
* modulus of rigidity
* modulus of rupture
* rigidity modulus
* shear modulus
* Young's modulus

#### Further reading

* Modulus in the 1920 edition of Encyclopedia Americana.

## Dutch
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin modulus. Doublet of module and mal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmoː.dy.lʏs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: mo‧du‧lus

### Noun

modulus m (plural moduli)
* (mathematics) modulus (absolute value of a complex number)
* (physics) modulus (coefficient)

#### Derived terms

* elasticiteitsmodulus

## Esperanto
### Verb

modulus
* conditional of moduli

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin modulus (“measure, rhythm”), diminutive of modus (“measure; manner, way”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmoduluʃ]
* Hyphenation: mo‧du‧lus
* Rhymes: -uʃ

### Noun

modulus (plural modulusok)
* modulus

#### Derived terms

* Young-féle modulus

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

## Latin
### Etymology

From modus (“measure; manner, way”) +‎ -ulus (diminutive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈmo.du.lus/, [ˈmɔd̪ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈmo.du.lus/, [ˈmɔːd̪ulus]

### Noun

modulus m (genitive modulī); second declension
* diminutive of modus (“measure, metre, mode; method”):
** a small measure or interval
** (architecture) a module
** (aqueducts) a water meter
** (music) a rhythmical measure, interval, rhythm, mode, time

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* modulātē
* modulātiō
* modulātor
* modulātus
* modulor

#### Related terms

* modus

#### Descendants

* ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *modellus
** Italian: modello (see there for further descendants)
** Venetan: modèl
* Borrowings:
** → Catalan: mòdul, mòdol
** → English: modulus
** → French: module
*** → English: module
*** → Romanian: modul
*** → Turkish: modül
** → German: Model
** → Italian: modulo
** → Occitan: mòtle
** → Old Catalan: motle
*** Catalan: motlle
**** → Spanish: molde
***** → Portuguese: molde
** → Old French: modle, mole
*** French: moule
*** → Middle English: molde, moolde, moulde
**** English: mold, mould
**** Scots: muild
** → Polish: moduł
** → Portuguese: módulo
** → Russian: мо́дуль (módulʹ)
** → Spanish: módulo

### References

* “modulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “modulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "modulus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* modulus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “modulus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin