# 報恩
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bào'ēn
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ ㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^3$ jan$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): po-ên
    (Hailu, HRS): bo$^ˇ$ en$^ˋ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bor$^4$ yng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pò-un
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bo$^3$ eng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bào'ēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ ㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bào-en
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^4$-ên$^1$
*** Yale: bàu-ēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bawen
*** Palladius: баоэнь (baoenʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^3$ jan$^1$
*** Yale: bou yān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^3$ jan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^3$ yen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³³ jɐn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: po-ên
*** Hakka Romanization System: bo en$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bo$^4$ en$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /po⁵⁵ en²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bo$^ˇ$ en$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /po¹¹ en⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bor$^4$ yng$^1$ [Phonetic: bor$^1$ yng$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bo̤̍-ṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /pɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pò-un
*** Tâi-lô: pò-un
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poirwn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /po²¹⁻⁵³ un⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ un³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po²¹⁻⁵³ un⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /po¹¹⁻⁵³ un⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ un⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bo$^3$ eng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pò ṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /po²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ɯŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: pawH 'on
Rime :
| Character | 報 | 恩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 痕 (53) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 博耗切 | 烏痕切 |
| Baxter | pawH | 'on |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɑu$^H$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pɑu$^H$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pɑu$^H$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /paw$^H$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Li Rong | /pɑu$^H$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Wang Li | /pɑu$^H$/ | /ən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pɑu$^H$/ | /ʔən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bào | ēn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bou$^3$ | an$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤuk-s ʔˤə[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*puːɡs qɯːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 報 | 恩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bào | ēn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ paw$^H$ › | ‹ ʔon › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁuk-s/ | /*ʔˁə[n]/ |
| English | repay | kindness, favor |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 報 | 恩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 329 | 15174 |
| Phonetic component | 報 | 因 |
| Rime group | 奧 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 報 | 恩 |
| Old Chinese | /*puːɡs/ | /*qɯːn/ |

### Verb

報⫽恩 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to repay a kindness

#### Synonyms

* 回報 / 回报 (huíbào)
* 報償 / 报偿 (bàocháng)
* 報答 / 报答 (bàodá)
* 補償 / 补偿 (bǔcháng)
* 補報 / 补报 (bǔbào)
* 酬勞 / 酬劳 (chóuláo)
* 酬報 / 酬报 (chóubào)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 報恩(ほうおん) (hōon)
* → Korean: 보은(報恩) (bo'eun)
* → Vietnamese: báo ân (報恩)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 報 | 恩 |
| ほう Grade: 5 | おん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーおん [hòóóń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

報(ほう)恩(おん) • (hōon)
* repaying a kindness; gratitude

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 報 | 恩 |

### Verb

報恩
* chữ Hán form of báo ân (“to repay a kindness”).