# 匿

| 匿 | U+533F, &#21311; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-533F |
| ← 匾 [U+533E] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 區 → [U+5340] |
| 匿 | U+F9EB, &#63979; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EB |
| ← 離 [U+F9EA] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 溺 → [U+F9EC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

匿 (Kangxi radical 23, 匸+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 尸廿大口 (STKR), four-corner 7171$_6$, composition ⿷匸若)

#### Derived characters

* 𠽋, 嫟, 𡠷, 㥾, 慝, 𢴚, 暱, 𣘗, 𭱶, 𤎐, 𭸢, 𭼟, 䁥, 𮀻, 𦟻, 𧏾, 䘌, 𮚟, 𮡡, 𮥛, 𬳤, 𮪳, 𩺱, 𪐌, 𪙛

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 155, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2690
* Dae Jaweon: page 347, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 86, character 12
* Unihan data for U+533F
* Unihan data for U+F9EB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 匿 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 暱 | *niɡ |
| 慝 | *n̥ʰɯːɡ |
| 匿 | *nɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nɯɡ): semantic 匸 + phonetic 若 (OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njaɡ).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak (“black; dark; ink”) or Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nək (“black”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nì (ni$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nik$^1$ / nik$^6$ / nei$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ni̍t
* Jin (Wiktionary): neh$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$gniq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nì
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nì
*** Wade–Giles: ni$^4$
*** Yale: nì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
*** Palladius: ни (ni)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nik$^1$ / nik$^6$ / nei$^1$
*** Yale: nīk / nihk / nēi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nik$^7$ / nik$^9$ / nei$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nig$^1$ / nig$^6$ / néi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɪk̚⁵/, /nɪk̚²/, /nei̯⁵⁵/
* nik1, nik6 - literary;
* nei1 - vernacular (“to hide”).
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit匿 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ni⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ni⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ni⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ȵi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ni⁴²/ /mi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ni³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ni²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /mji²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ni¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ȵi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ȵi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ȵie³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ni²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ni³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /liʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /liəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /nəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ȵiʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /niəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɪʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ȵiəʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ȵiəʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ȵai²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ni²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵi²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ȵi²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /nit̚⁵/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /nit̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nek̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /nek̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /nek̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lik̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /niʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ni²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /nek̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /nek̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: nrik
Rime :
| Character | 匿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 女力切 |
| Baxter | nrik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /niək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ni̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nr[ə]k/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 匿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nrik › |
| Old Chinese | /*nr[ə]k/ |
| English | conceal |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 匿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9481 |
| Phonetic component | 匿 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 匿 |
| Old Chinese | /*nɯɡ/ |
| Notes | 說文若聲 |

#### Definitions

匿
* to flee
* to hide; to go into hiding
* to conceal; to hold back
* secretly

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 躲藏, 藏躲, 躲 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 藏, 貓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 躲, 藏 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 躲 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 藏 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 藏, 卻 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 藏, 躲 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 躲 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 躲 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 藏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 匿, 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 匿, 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 摒 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 摒埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 摒 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 摒 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 摒埋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 揞埋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 揞埋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 摒埋 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 匿埋, 摒埋 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 匿 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 匿 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 匿 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 求埋 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 匿埋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 餌, 伏 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 匿埋 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 躲 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 摒 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 摒 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 摒 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 躲 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 儲 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 屈, 覭 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 覕, 囥 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 覕, 囥 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 覕, 踮 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 覕 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 逃 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 踮, 覕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 踮, 覕 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 踮, 覕 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 踮 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 逃 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 逃 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 囥, 𨒃, 迓 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 𨒃, 匽, 迓 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 迓 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 幽 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 埋, 縮, 躲 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 幽 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 幽 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 躲 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 躲 |

#### Compounds

* 伏匿
* 伏匿匿
* 側匿 / 侧匿
* 匿伏 (nìfú)
* 匿功
* 匿名 (nìmíng)
* 匿喪 / 匿丧
* 匿埋 (nei1 maai4)
* 匿報 / 匿报
* 匿居
* 匿年
* 匿影藏形 (nìyǐngcángxíng)
* 匿怨
* 匿情
* 匿戶 / 匿户
* 匿拐
* 匿案
* 匿竄 / 匿窜
* 匿笑
* 匿藏 (nìcáng)
* 匿跡 / 匿迹 (nìjì)
* 匿跡潛形 / 匿迹潜形
* 匿跡銷聲 / 匿迹销声
* 匿跡隱形 / 匿迹隐形
* 布匿戰爭 / 布匿战争
* 幺匿 (yāonì)
* 弢跡匿光 / 弢迹匿光
* 服匿
* 洗垢匿瑕
* 消聲匿跡 / 消声匿迹
* 潛匿 / 潜匿
* 潛形匿跡 / 潜形匿迹
* 竄匿 / 窜匿 (cuànnì)
* 蔽匿
* 藏匿 (cángnì)
* 藏形匿影
* 辟匿
* 逃匿 (táonì)
* 遁名匿跡 / 遁名匿迹
* 避匿 (bìnì)
* 銷聲匿跡 / 销声匿迹 (xiāoshēngnìjì)
* 隱匿 / 隐匿 (yǐnnì)
* 韜聲匿跡 / 韬声匿迹
* 高悝匿孤

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tè (te$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄜˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tè
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tè
*** Wade–Giles: tʻê$^4$
*** Yale: tè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: teh
*** Palladius: тэ (tɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɤ⁵¹/

#### Definitions

匿
* Alternative form of 慝 (tè, “evil; wicked; wicked thoughts”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょく (nyoku)
* Kan-on: じょく (joku)
* Kan’yō-on: とく (toku, Jōyō)
* Kun: かくれる (kakureru, 匿れる)、かくす (kakusu, 匿す)、かくまう (kakumau, 匿う)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 匿
* とく Grade: S
* kan'yōon

### Affix

匿(とく) • (toku)
* shelter
* hide

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 匿 (MC nrik).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 닉〮 (Yale: ník) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 릭 (lik) (Yale: lik) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [nik̚] ~ [ik̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [닉/익]

### Hanja

Wikisource 匿 (eumhun 숨길 닉 (sumgil nik), word-initial (South Korea) 숨길 익 (sumgil ik))
* hanja form of 닉/익 (“to hide”)

#### Compounds

* 은닉 (隱匿, eunnik)
* 익명 (匿名, ingmyeong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

匿: Hán Việt readings: nặc
匿: Nôm readings: nắc, nác, nước, nặc
* chữ Hán form of nặc.

### References

* 1 2 Nguyễn (2014).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).