# 懵

| 懵 | U+61F5, &#25077; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61F5 |
| ← 懴 [U+61F4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 懶 → [U+61F6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

懵 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 心廿田山 (PTWU), four-corner 9406$_2$, composition ⿰忄瞢)

#### Derived characters

* 𡬆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 408, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11451
* Dae Jaweon: page 749, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2367, character 1
* Unihan data for U+61F5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 懵
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 蘉 | *maːŋ |
| 瞢 | *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs |
| 懜 | *mɯːŋs, *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ |
| 懵 | *mɯːŋs, *mɯːŋʔ |
| 甍 | *mrɯːŋ |
| 薨 | *hmɯːŋ |
| 夢 | *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs |
| 鄸 | *mɯŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mɯːŋs, *mɯːŋʔ): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 瞢 (OC *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): měng, méng, mēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˇ, ㄇㄥˊ, ㄇㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mung$^2$ / mung$^5$ / mung$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): morng$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): báng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$maon; $^6$mon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: měng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: měng
*** Wade–Giles: mêng$^3$
*** Yale: měng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meeng
*** Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: méng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: méng
*** Wade–Giles: mêng$^2$
*** Yale: méng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
*** Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: meng
*** Wade–Giles: mêng$^1$
*** Yale: mēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mheng
*** Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /mɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mung$^2$ / mung$^5$ / mung$^4$
*** Yale: múng / múhng / mùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mung$^2$ / mung$^5$ / mung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mung$^2$ / mung$^5$ / mung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mʊŋ³⁵/, /mʊŋ¹³/, /mʊŋ²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: morng$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mó̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /mɒŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: báng
*** Tâi-lô: báng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: barng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /baŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /baŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /baŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /baŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /baŋ⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$maon; $^6$mon
*** MiniDict: maon$^去$; mon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$maan; $^3$mon
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɑ̃²³/, /moŋ²³/
* Middle Chinese: muwngX
Rime :
| Character | 懵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫孔切 |
| Baxter | muwngX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /məwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /muŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | měng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mung$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːŋs/, /*mɯːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 懵 | 懵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 8990 | 8994 |
| Phonetic component | 夢 | 夢 |
| Rime group | 蒸 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𢅴 | 蠓 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯːŋs/ | /*mɯːŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 由巾旁校正，集韻同懜 | |

### Definitions

懵
* absent-minded; stupid; muddle-headed

### Compounds

* 惛懵
* 愚懵
* 懵憒 / 懵愦
* 懵懂 (měngdǒng)
* 懵懂痴呆
* 懵懵
* 懵懵懂懂 (měngměngdǒngdǒng)
* 懵撒
* 懵然 (měngrán)
* 懵然未覺 / 懵然未觉
* 懵然無知 / 懵然无知
* 懵盛盛
* 懵藥 / 懵药
* 懵裡懵懂 / 懵里懵懂
* 懵騰 / 懵腾
* 痴呆懵懂
* 迷懵

### References

* “懵”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “懵”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 155.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

懵: Hán Nôm readings: mộng, mẫng, mỗng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation