# 米

| 米 | U+7C73, &#31859; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C73 |
| ← 籲 [U+7C72] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 籴 → [U+7C74] |
| ⽶ | U+2F76, &#12150; KANGXI RADICAL RICE |
| ← ⽵ [U+2F75] | Kangxi Radicals | ⽷ → [U+2F77] |

## Translingual
### Han character

米 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火木 (FD), four-corner 9090$_4$, composition ⿻丷木(GHJKV) or ⿻十⿱丷八(T) or ⿻丷⿻十八(T))
* Kangxi radical #119, ⽶.

#### Derived characters

* Appendix:Chinese radical/米
* 侎, 咪, 洣, 迷, 毩, 脒, 眯, 䋛, 詸, 銤, 䱊
* 釆, 冞, 夈, 宩, 屎, 㪰, 㫧, 䍘, 麋, 敉, 料, 頪, 㐘, 麊, 匊, 氣, 歯
* 𪤹, 𫰤, 𢘺, 𢬊, 𤝸, 𭥻, 𭩽, 𣧲, 𤇿, 𤥄, 𥒄, 𥞪, 𧵵, 𨀷, 𮠩, 𡲸, 𩗐, 𩡅, 𫜇, 𪌬, 𮮒, 𪓋, 𡅊
* 𭽀, 𥅼, 𥞫, 𥥪, 𥭁, 𦊮, 𩂮, 𫡿, 𢊪, 𤌟, 𩭄, 𪀳, 𮒷
* 𫥾, 𫦨, 𭩼, 𧊾, 𪀿, 𢘻, 𢍨, 𭫮, 𠩕, 𢈍, 𠤻, 𡇒, 𧗱

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 906, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26832
* Dae Jaweon: page 1331, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3141, character 1
* Unihan data for U+7C73

## Chinese

* 米 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 米 (Cantonese)
* 米 (Classical)
* mī (Eastern Min)
* bí (Southern Min)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 米 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 謎 | *miː, *miːs |
| 迷 | *miː |
| 米 | *miːʔ |
| 眯 | *miːʔ |
| 洣 | *miːʔ |
| 蔝 | *miːʔ |
| 麊 | *me |
| 冞 | *me |
| 糜 | *mral |
| 敉 | *meʔ |
| 侎 | *meʔ |
| 麋 | *mril |
| 蘪 | *mril |
| 攗 | *mril |
Pictogram (象形) – rice kernels without husk. The character 粟, by contrast, refers to rice kernels with husk. According to Li Xiaoding (李孝定), the horizontal stroke is a bamboo sieve (籭 or 篩子). See also the bottom component of 暴 in its original form.
Unrelated to 木, 禾, and 来.

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma-j ~ mej (“rice; paddy”). Cognate with Garo mi (“rice”), Atong (India) mai (“rice”), Jingpho ma (“rice; paddy”), Rabha মাই (mai), Dimasa mai.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mǐ (mi$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mi$^3$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): mì
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): mǐ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ми (mi, II)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mai$^5$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): moi$^5$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mai$^2$
    (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): mai$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): mi$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mí
    (Hailu, HRS): mi$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mi$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): mi$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): mì
* Eastern Min (BUC): mī
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bi$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhi$^2$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): bhi$^2$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): mai$^5$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$mi / $^4$mi / $^3$mi
** (Jinhua): $^3$mie
* Xiang
    (Changsha, Wiktionary): mi$^3$
    (Loudi, Wiktionary): mi$^3$
    (Hengyang, Wiktionary): mi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐ
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^3$
*** Yale: mǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mii
*** Palladius: ми (mi)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: mi$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mi
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: mì
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵³/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: mǐ
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): mi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mi¹¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ми (mi, II)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mai$^5$
*** Yale: máih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mai$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐi̯¹³/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: moi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔi¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbai⁵⁵/
** (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
*** Jyutping++: mai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐi²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: mi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mi²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mí
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: mi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mi⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mì
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁴²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mī
*** Sinological IPA : /mi³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bi$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bî
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pi³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí
*** Tâi-lô: bí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bi⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bi⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhi$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bí
*** Sinological IPA : /bi⁵²/
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: bhi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /bi³¹/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: mai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /məi²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Suzhou, Kunshan, Ningbo)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mi
*** MiniDict: mi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mi²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiading): /mi¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /mi²³¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /mi²¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /mi¹¹³/
** (Northern: Songjiang, Chongming, Jiaxing, Deqing, Shaoxing, Zhoushan)
*** Wugniu: $^4$mi
*** MiniDict: mi$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /mi²²/
*** Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦmi²⁴²/
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /mi²¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Deqing): /mi³¹/
*** Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /mi¹¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /mi²⁴/
** (Northern: Changzhou, Hangzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^3$mi
*** MiniDict: 'mi$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /mi⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /mi⁵³/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^3$mie
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /mie⁵³⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: mi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁴¹/
** (Loudi)
*** Wiktionary: mi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mi⁴²/
** (Hengyang)
*** Wiktionary: mi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /mi³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit米 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /mi²¹⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /mi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /mi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /mi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /mi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /mi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /mi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /mji⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /mi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /mi⁴⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /mi⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /mi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /mi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /mi⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /mi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /mi²¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /mz̩²⁴/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /mi⁵³/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /mi⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /mi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /mi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /mi³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /mi⁵³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /mei³⁵/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /mi³⁵/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /me²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /mi⁴¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /mi⁴²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /mi²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /mi³¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /mi³¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɐi²³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /mei²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /mɐi¹³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bi⁵³/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /mi³²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /mi²¹/ 量 /mi⁴²/ 名 |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /bi⁵³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /vi²¹³/ |
* Middle Chinese: mejX
Rime :
| Character | 米 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 莫禮切 |
| Baxter | mejX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mei$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mei$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɛi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mɛj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mei$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /miei$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /miei$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mai$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*(C.)mˤ[e]jʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*miːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 米 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mej$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*(C.)mˁ[e]jʔ/ |
| English | millet or rice grains, dehusked and polished |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 米 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9003 |
| Phonetic component | 米 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 米 |
| Old Chinese | /*miːʔ/ |

#### Definitions

米
* hulled or husked uncooked rice (Classifier: 粒 m c mn; 顆／颗 m)
* husked seed
* grain-like things
* (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 米粉 (mǐfěn, “rice vermicelli”).
    星洲炒米 ― Xīngzhōu chǎomǐ ― Singapore-style noodles
       syut$^3$ coi$^3$ fo$^2$ aap$^3$ si$^1$ man$^1$ mai$^5$ [Jyutping]
       braised rice vermicelli with pickled mustard and shredded roast duck
* (Cantonese, Shanghainese, slang) money
    有米 [Cantonese] ― jau$^5$ mai$^5$ [Jyutping] ― rich
    背米 [Shanghainese] ― $^5$pe $^6$mi [Wugniu] ― to earn money
* (Shanghainese, slang) ten thousand of a currency designation; ten grand (Classifier: 粒 w)
* a surname
    米芾 ― Mǐ Fú ― Mi Fu (Song artist)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 米 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 稻米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 白米, 大米, 米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 大米, 米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 米 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 大米 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 大米 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 大米 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 大米 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 白米 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 大米, 米 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 大米, 米 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 稻米, 白米 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 大米 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 米 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 米, 大米, 飯米 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 米 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 米 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 米 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 米 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 米 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 米 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 米 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 米 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 米 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 米 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 米 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 米 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 米 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 米 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 米 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 米 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 米 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 米 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 米 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 米 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 米 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 米 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 米 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 米 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 米 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 米 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 米 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 米 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 米 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 米 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 米 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 米 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 大米 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 大米 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 米 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 米 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 米 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 早米 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 米 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 米 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 米 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 米 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 米 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 米 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 米 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 米 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 米 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 米 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 米 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 米 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 米 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 米 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 米 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 米 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 米 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 米 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 米 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 米 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 米 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 米 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 米 |
| Wu | Danyang | 米 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 米 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 米 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 米 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 米 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 米 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 米 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 米 |

#### Compounds

* 一斗米養個恩人，一石米養個仇人 / 一斗米养个恩人，一石米养个仇人
* 一樣米飼百樣人 / 一样米饲百样人
* 一樣米養百樣人 / 一样米养百样人 (yī yàng mǐ yǎng bǎi yàng rén)
* 不為五斗米折腰 (bù wèi wǔ dǒu mǐ zhéyāo)
* 不為米折腰 / 不为米折腰
* 五斗米
* 五斗米道
* 亞米契斯 / 亚米契斯
* 俸米
* 借米下得鍋，討米下不得鍋 / 借米下得锅，讨米下不得锅
* 偷雞不著蝕把米 / 偷鸡不著蚀把米 (tōu jī bùzháo shí bǎ mǐ)
* 偷雞唔到蝕拃米 / 偷鸡唔到蚀拃米 (tau$^1$ gai$^1$ m$^4$ dou$^2$ sit$^6$ zaa$^1$ mai$^5$) (Cantonese)
* 先下米，先吃飯 / 先下米，先吃饭
* 克里米亞 (Kèlǐmǐyà)
* 克里米亞半島 / 克里米亚半岛 (Kèlǐmǐyà Bàndǎo)
* 克里米亞戰爭 / 克里米亚战争 (Kèlǐmǐyà Zhànzhēng)
* 八卦米篩 / 八卦米筛
* 包米 (bāomǐ)
* 包米棒子
* 化米
* 十米九糠
* 半米兒 / 半米儿
* 吃生米兒的 / 吃生米儿的
* 吹糠見米 / 吹糠见米
* 喀什米爾 / 喀什米尔 (Kàshímǐ'ěr)
* 在來米 / 在来米 (zàiláimǐ)
* 塞米
* 多米尼克 (Duōmǐníkè)
* 大米 (dàmǐ)
* 太倉稊米 / 太仓稊米
* 子路負米 / 子路负米
* 小米 (xiǎomǐ)
* 小米麵 / 小米面
* 尖米丸
* 工本飯米 / 工本饭米
* 巧婦難為無米之炊 / 巧妇难为无米之炊 (qiǎofù nánwéi wúmǐzhīchuī)
* 巧媳婦煮不得沒米粥 / 巧媳妇煮不得没米粥
* 巴米揚 / 巴米扬 (Bāmǐyáng)
* 庫米什 / 库米什 (Kùmǐshí)
* 得米 (dak$^1$ mai$^5$) (Cantonese)
* 念米佛
* 搗米 / 捣米
* 摸米桶
* 撒西米
* 數米而炊 / 数米而炊
* 方便米飯 / 方便米饭
* 普米族 (Pǔmǐzú)
* 普米語 / 普米语
* 柴米 (cháimǐ)
* 柴米夫妻
* 柴米油鹽 / 柴米油盐 (cháimǐyóuyán)
* 柴米油鹽醬醋茶 / 柴米油盐酱醋茶 (chái mǐ yóu yán jiàng cù chá)
* 柴荒米貴 / 柴荒米贵
* 榻榻米 (tàtàmǐ)
* 機米 / 机米 (jīmǐ)
* 歪喙雞食好米 / 歪喙鸡食好米 (oai chhùi ke chia̍h hó bí) (Min Nan)
* 水米
* 水米無交 / 水米无交
* 江米 (jiāngmǐ)
* 江米人
* 江米酒 (jiāngmǐjiǔ)
* 波希米亞 / 波希米亚 (Bōxīmǐyà)
* 活口米
* 海米 (hǎimǐ)
* 淘米 (táomǐ)
* 淩雜米鹽 / 凌杂米盐
* 漕米
* 炒米 (chǎomǐ)
* 炒米粉
* 炭米
* 無米之炊 / 无米之炊
* 爆米花 (bàomǐhuā)
* 狧糠及米
* 玉米 (yùmǐ)
* 玉米螟 (yùmimíng)
* 珍珠米
* 白米 (báimǐ)
* 白米甕 / 白米瓮
* 白米飯 / 白米饭 (báimǐfàn)
* 百米賽跑 / 百米赛跑
* 破米糟糖
* 碾米 (niǎnmǐ)
* 祿米 / 禄米
* 秈米 / 籼米 (xiānmǐ)
* 租米
* 稊米
* 穀米 / 谷米 (gǔmǐ)
* 稻米 (dàomǐ)
* 筒仔米糕 (tǒngzǐmǐgāo)
* 等米下鍋 / 等米下锅
* 米乳
* 米倉 / 米仓 (mǐcāng)
* 米公 (Mǐgōng)
* 米制
* 米哈
* 米國 / 米国 (Mǐguó)
* 米壽 / 米寿 (mǐshòu)
* 米奇老鼠 (Mǐqí Lǎoshǔ)
* 米奇鼠
* 米字旁 (mǐzìpáng)
* 米已成炊 (mǐyǐchéngchuī)
* 米市
* 米果 (mǐguǒ)
* 米油
* 米泔水 (mǐgānshuǐ)
* 米派
* 米湯 / 米汤 (mǐtāng)
* 米漿 / 米浆 (mǐjiāng)
* 米潭溪 (Mǐtánxī)
* 米瀾 / 米澜
* 米爛成倉 / 米烂成仓
* 米珠薪桂
* 米田共 (mǐtiángòng)
* 米穀 / 米谷
* 米篩 / 米筛
* 米粉 (mǐfěn)
* 米粉肉 (mǐfěnròu)
* 米粒 (mǐlì)
* 米粒之珠
* 米粥 (mǐzhōu)
* 米糠 (mǐkāng)
* 米糧 / 米粮 (mǐliáng)
* 米線 / 米线 (mǐxiàn)
* 米罕 (mǐhǎn)
* 米老鼠 (Mǐlǎoshǔ)
* 米色 (mǐsè)
* 米苔目 (mǐtáimù)
* 米蘭 / 米兰 (Mǐlán)
* 米蚤
* 米蝦 / 米虾
* 米蟲 / 米虫 (mǐchóng)
* 米象 (mǐxiàng)
* 米軌 / 米轨 (mǐguǐ)
* 米酒 (mǐjiǔ)
* 米酒頭 / 米酒头
* 米飯 / 米饭 (mǐfàn)
* 米高梅 (Mǐ-Gāo-Méi)
* 米鹽 / 米盐
* 米鹽博辯 / 米盐博辩
* 米黃色 / 米黄色
* 粉米
* 粒米束薪
* 粒米狼戾
* 粟米 (sùmǐ)
* 粟米草 (sùmǐcǎo)
* 粳米 (jīngmǐ)
* 精米機 / 精米机
* 糊湯米酒 / 糊汤米酒 (hútāngmǐjiǔ)
* 糙米 (cāomǐ)
* 糯米 (nuòmǐ)
* 糯米丸子
* 糯米紙 / 糯米纸
* 糯米腸 / 糯米肠
* 糴米 / 籴米 (dímǐ)
* 紅糯米 / 红糯米
* 索米長安 / 索米长安
* 維多米 / 维多米
* 老米 (lǎomǐ)
* 老米飯 / 老米饭
* 聚米為山 / 聚米为山
* 胚芽米
* 舂米 (chōngmǐ)
* 舐糠及米
* 良質米 / 良质米
* 花生米 (huāshēngmǐ)
* 苡米
* 苞米 (bāomǐ)
* 茨實米 / 茨实米
* 菰米
* 葛仙米
* 蓬萊米 / 蓬莱米 (péngláimǐ)
* 薪桂米珠
* 薏米 (yìmǐ)
* 蘗米
* 蝦米 / 虾米
* 西谷米 (xīgǔmǐ)
* 赤米
* 鎘米 / 镉米
* 開司米 / 开司米 (kāisīmǐ)
* 開司米龍 / 开司米龙
* 阿米巴 (āmǐbā)
* 陳米 / 陈米 (chénmǐ)
* 雕胡米
* 雞頭米 / 鸡头米 (jītóumǐ)
* 飛米轉芻 / 飞米转刍
* 食塞米
* 高粱米 (gāoliángmǐ)
* 鬧米湯 / 闹米汤
* 魚米之鄉 / 鱼米之乡 (yúmǐzhīxiāng)
* 魯米那 / 鲁米那
* 麻米 (Mámǐ)
* 黃米 / 黄米 (huángmǐ)
* 黍米 (shǔmǐ)

### Etymology 2

Short for 米突 (mǐtū), from English metre.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǐ (mi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mai$^5$ / mai$^{5-1}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mai$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mí
    (Hailu, HRS): mi$^ˊ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mi$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): mǐ
* Eastern Min (BUC): mī
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhi$^2$
* Wu (Wugniu)
** (Northern): $^6$mi
** (Jinhua): $^5$mi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǐ
*** Wade–Giles: mi$^3$
*** Yale: mǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mii
*** Palladius: ми (mi)
*** Sinological IPA : /mi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mai$^5$ / mai$^{5-1}$
*** Yale: máih / māi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mai$^5$ / mai$^{5-1}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mei$^5$ / mei$^{5-1}$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɐi̯¹³/, /mɐi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: mai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵐbai⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mí
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: mi$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: mi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǐ
*** Sinological IPA : /mi²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: mī
*** Sinological IPA : /mi³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí
*** Tâi-lô: bí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bi⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bi⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhi$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bí
*** Sinological IPA : /bi⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$mi
*** MiniDict: mi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$mi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mi²³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /mi²³¹/
** (Jinhua)
*** Wugniu: $^5$mi
*** Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /mi⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

米
* metre
    米三 [Teochew] ― bhi$^2$ san$^1$ [Peng'im] ― 1.3 metres
    我有一米九高。 ― Wǒ yǒu yī mǐ jiǔ gāo. ― I'm 1.9 metres tall.
** 2020, “微光 [Glimmer]”, 唐小奕 (lyrics), 曹楊 [Young] (music)‎performed by 曹楊 [Young]:
       zhǐshì wēixiǎo de guāng, zhào bù liàng yī mǐ de dìfang [Pinyin]
       [I] am just a tiny light; [I] cannot brighten up an area within a metre.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 米, 公尺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 米, 公尺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 公尺, 米 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 米, 公尺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 米, 公尺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 米, 公尺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 米, 公尺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 米, 公尺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 米, 公尺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 米, 公尺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 米, 公尺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 米, 公尺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 米, 公尺 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 米, 公尺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 米, 公尺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 米, 公尺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 米, 公尺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 米, 公尺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 米, 公尺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 米, 公尺 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 米, 公尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 米, 公尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 米, 公尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 米, 公尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 米, 公尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 米, 公尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 米, 公尺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 米, 公尺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 米, 公尺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 米, 公尺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 米, 公尺 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 米, 公尺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 米 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 米, 公尺, M |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 公尺 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 公尺 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 公尺 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 公尺 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 公尺 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 公尺 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 米, 公尺 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 米, 公尺 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 米, 公尺 |
| Jin | Linhe | 米, 公尺 |
| Jin | Jining | 米, 公尺 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 米, 公尺 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 米, 公尺 |
| Jin | Handan | 米, 公尺 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 米, 公尺 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 米, 公尺 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 米, 公尺 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 米 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 米 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 米 |

#### Compounds

* 分米 (fēnmǐ)
* 十米
* 千米 (qiānmǐ)
* 奈米 (nàimǐ)
* 平米 (píngmǐ)
* 微米 (wēimǐ)
* 毫微米
* 毫米 (háomǐ)
* 毫米波 (háomǐbō)
* 百米
* 皮米 (pímǐ)
* 米尺 (mǐchǐ)
* 米突 (mǐtū)
* 米達 / 米达
* 米達尺 / 米达尺
* 米釐米突
* 納米 / 纳米 (nàmǐ)
* 絲米 / 丝米 (sīmǐ)
* 釐米 (límǐ)

#### See also

* (unit of length): 丈 (zhàng), 尺 (chǐ), 寸 (cùn), 分 (fēn)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bì / bih
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bì
*** Tâi-lô: bì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bix
*** IPA (Taipei): /bi¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bih
*** Tâi-lô: bih
*** Phofsit Daibuun: biq
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /biʔ³²/

#### Definitions

米
* Only used in 米魯／米鲁.

### References

* “米”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* “米”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)
* rice
* (ateji) meter
* (ateji) America
* (ateji) United States

#### Readings

* Go-on: まい (mai, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: べい (bei, Jōyō)
* Kan’yō-on: め (me)
* Kun: こめ (kome, 米, Jōyō)、めめ (meme, 米)、よね (yone, 米)、メートル (mētoru, 米)
* Nanori: こん (kon)、たから (takara)、めい (mei)

##### Compounds

* 米粉(ビーフン) (bīfun, “rice vermicelli”)
* 米原(まいばら) (Maibara)
* 赤米(あかまい) (akamai)
* 入(い)り米(まい) (irimai)
* 外国(がいこく)米(まい) (gaikokumai), 外米(がいまい) (gaimai)
* 供米(きょうまい) (kyōmai)
* 供(く)米(まい) (kumai)
* 玄米(げんまい) (genmai)
* 黒米(こくまい) (kokumai)
* 散米(さんまい) (sanmai)
* 産米(さんまい) (sanmai)
* 地米(じまい) (jimai)
* 舂米(しょうまい) (shōmai)
* 新米(しんまい) (shinmai)
* 神米(しんまい) (shinmai)
* 精白(せいはく)米(まい) (seihakumai)
* 精米(せいまい) (seimai)
* 洗米(せんまい) (senmai)
* 饌米(せんまい) (senmai)
* 大唐(ダイトウ)米(マイ) (daitōmai)
* 内地(ないち)米(まい) (naichimai)
* 白米(はくまい) (hakumai)
* 平米(へいべい) (heibei, “square meter, square metre”)
* 立米(りゅうべい) (ryūbei, “cubic meter, cubic metre”)
* 禄米(ろくまい) (rokumai)
* 早稲(わせ)米(まい) (wasemai)
* 糈米(くましね) (kumashine)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 米
* こめ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
⟨ko$_2$me$_2$⟩ → */kəməj/ → /kome/
From Old Japanese. First appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 渠梅. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *kəmay.
Many theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:
* Perhaps from 籠め (​kome), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 籠める (komeru, “do with one's heart”), from the way rice is farmed. The accent of kome in the Heian period is <LL>, while kome- in the Heian period is <L->. (Can this etymology be sourced?)
* Possibly cognate with Proto-Vietic *kəːm (“cooked rice”), modern cơm. (Can this etymology be sourced?)
* Possibly cognate with Proto-Austronesian *Semay and Old Chinese 糜 (OC *mral). However, this is extremely speculative; none of the known derivations from Proto-Austronesian *Semay develop initial /k/, nor is this shift explainable by any known mechanism within Japonic.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こめ [kòméꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ko̞me̞]

#### Noun

米(こめ) • (kome)
* rice (husked grains of the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa), one of the five grains
    Synonym: (colloquial) 菩薩 (bosatsu)
    Hypernym: 五穀 (gokoku)

##### Derived terms

* 米(こめ)揚(あ)げ (komeage)
* 米(こめ)揚(あ)げ笊(ざる) (komeage zaru)
* 米油(こめあぶら) (kome abura)
* 米市(こめいち) (komeichi)
* 米占(こめうら) (komeura)
* 米浙(こめかし) (komekashi)
* 米浙桶(こめかしおけ) (komekashi oke)
* 米(こめ)噛(か)み (komekami)
* 米茅(コメガヤ) (komegaya)
* 米倉(こめくら) (komekura)
* 米(こめ)粉(こ) (komeko)
* 米麹(こめこうじ) (kome kōji)
* 米(こめ)座(ざ) (komeza)
* 米(こめ)刺(さ)し, 米(こめ)差(さ)し (komesashi)
* 米将軍(こめしょうぐん) (Kome Shōgun)
* 米(こめ)酢(す) (kome-su), 米(こめ)酢(ず) (komezu)
* 米代(こめだい) (komedai)
* 米(こめ)俵(だわら), 米(こめ)苞(だわら) (kome-dawara)
* 米栂(コメツガ) (kometsuga)
* 米(こめ)搗(つ)き, 米(こめ)舂(つ)き (kometsuki)
* 米粒(こめつぶ) (kometsubu)
* 米所(こめところ) (kometokoro)
* 米糠(こめぬか) (komenuka)
* 米櫃(こめひつ) (komehitsu)
* 米偏(こめへん) (komehen)
* 米(こめ)屋(や) (komeya)
* 赤米(あかごめ) (akagome)
* 煎(い)り米(ごめ), 炒(い)り米(ごめ) (irigome)
* 粳米(うるごめ) (urugome)
* 生(き)米(ごめ) (kigome)
* 黒米(くろごめ), 玄米(くろごめ) (kurogome)
* 小(こ)米(ごめ), 粉(こ)米(ごめ) (kogome)
* 白米(しろごめ) (shirogome)
* 大(ダイ)唐(ト)米(ゴメ) (daito-gome)
* 大唐(ダイトウ)米(ゴメ) (daitō-gome)
* 搗(つ)き米(ごめ), 舂(つ)き米(ごめ) (tsukigome)
* 生米(なまごめ) (namagome)
* 碾(ひ)き米(ごめ) (hikigome)
* 陳米(ひねごめ) (hinegome)
* 蓑米(ミノゴメ) (minogome)
* 糯米(もちごめ), 餅米(もちごめ) (mochigome)
* 籾米(もみごめ) (momigome)
* 焼米(やきごめ), 焼(や)き米(ごめ), 糄(やきごめ) (yakigome)
* 闇米(やみごめ) (yamigome)
* 早稲(わさ)米(ごめ) (wasagome)

##### Proverbs

* 米(こめ)の飯(めし)とお天道(てんとう)様(さま)はどこへ行(い)っても付(つ)いて回(まわ)る (kome no meshi to o-tentō-sama wa doko e itte mo tsuite mawaru)
* 乞(こ)食(じき)が米(こめ)を零(こぼ)したよう (kojiki ga kome o koboshita yō)
* 糠(ぬか)を舐(ねぶ)りて米(こめ)に及(およ)ぶ (nuka o neburi te kome ni oyobu)
* 熊野(ゆや)松風(まつかぜ)は米(こめ)の飯(めし) (Yuya Matsukaze wa kome no meshi)

##### Coordinate terms

* 五(ご)穀(こく) (gokoku, “five grains”): 米(こめ) (kome, “rice”), 麦(むぎ) (mugi, “wheat”), 粟(あわ) (awa, “foxtail millet”), 黍(きび) (kibi, “proso millet”), 豆(まめ) (mame, “soybeans”)

##### See also

* 飯(いい) (ii, “cooked grains”)
* 稲(イネ) (ine, “rice plant”)
* ご飯(はん) (gohan, “cooked rice”)
* ライス (raisu)

#### Proper noun

米(こめ) • (Kome)
* a female given name
* a surname

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 米
* よね Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
⟨yo$_2$nai⟩ → */jənai/ → */jəne/ → /jone/
First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Possibly from Proto-Japonic *jənaC- (Vovin, 1998) and related to 稲 (ine, “rice plant”).
Unknown "-C-" consonantal segment, reconstructed by Vovin, seems unlikely considering [a ~ e] vowel alternation, seen in bound form yona- and free form yone:
    Compare 藍 (awi → ai, “indigo”) from 青 (awo → ao, “blue”) + い (i, emphatic nominative particle(Can this etymology be sourced?)) against 白い /siroi/ from ⟨siro$_1$ki$_1$⟩.
The colloquial sense is derived from the components of the 米 kanji: 八 (hachi, “eight”) + 十 (jū, “ten”) + 八 (hachi, “eight”).

#### Noun

米(よね) • (yone)
* rice (husked grains of the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa)
* (colloquial) an eighty-eight-year-old
    Synonym: 米寿 (beiju)

##### Derived terms

* 米市(よねいち) (Yoneichi)
* 米占(よねうら) (yoneura)
* 米川(よねかわ) (Yonekawa)
* 米沢(よねざわ) (Yonezawa)
* 米代(よねしろ) (Yoneshiro)
* 米(よね)酢(ず) (yonezu)
* 米(よね)の祝(いわ)い (yone no iwai)
* 米(よね)の守(まも)り (yone no mamori)
* 米原(よねはら) (Yonehara)
* 米(よね)饅頭(まんじゅう) (yone manjū)
* 米山(よねやま) (Yoneyama)
* 米琉(よねりゅう) (Yone-Ryū)
* 洗(あら)い米(よね) (arai yone)
* 売(う)り米(よね), 糶(うりよね) (uriyone)
* 買(か)い米(よね), 糴(かいよね) (kaiyone)
* 粿米(かしよね), 淅米(かしよね) (kashiyone)
* 精(しら)げ米(よね) (shirage yone)
* 白米(しらよね) (shirayone)
* 散(ち)らし米(よね) (chirashi yone)
* 籾米(もみよね) (momiyone)

#### Proper noun

米(よね) • (Yone)
* a female given name
* a surname

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 米
* めめ Grade: 2
* kun'yomi
Probably a shortened reduplication of kome (see above). (Can this etymology be sourced?)
First cited to a work from 1275.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [me̞me̞]

#### Noun

米(めめ) • (meme)
* (colloquial) rice (husked grains of the rice plant)

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 米
* めーとる Grade: 2 (ateji)
* kun'yomi
Borrowing from French mètre.
The use of this kanji is attested in the Meiji period and is an example of ateji (当て字), shortened from Mandarin 米突 (mǐtū), see Chinese section above.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) メートル [mèétórú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [me̞ːto̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Noun

米(メートル) • (mētoru)
* Rare spelling of メートル (mētoru): metre (SI unit of length)
* Rare spelling of メーター (mētā): meter (a device or implement used for measurement)

##### Coordinate terms

* 瓦(グラム) (guramu, “gram”)
* 立(リットル) (rittoru, “litre”)

##### Derived terms

* 粍(ミリメートル) (mirimētoru, “millimetre”)
* 糎(センチメートル) (senchimētoru, “centimetre”)
* 粉(デシメートル) (deshimētoru, “decimetre”)
* 籵(デカメートル) (dekamētoru, “decametre”)
* 粨(ヘクトメートル) (hekutomētoru, “hectometre”)
* 粁(キロメートル) (kiromētoru, “kilometre”)

##### See also

* 吋(インチ) (inchi, “inch”)
* 呎(フィート) (fīto, “feet”), 呎(フート) (fūto, “foot”)
* 碼(ヤード) (yādo, “yard”)
* 哩(マイル) (mairu, “mile”)
* 海(かい)里(り), 浬(かいり) (kairi, “nautical mile”)

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 米
* べい Grade: 2
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 米 (MC mejX).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [be̞ː]

#### Affix

米(べい) • (bei)
* rice
* Short for アメリカ合衆国／亜米利加合衆国 (Amerika Gasshūkoku, “United States (a country)”).
    米国(べいこく) (Beikoku, “US”)
    日米関係(にちべいかんけい) (Nichi-Bei kankei, “Japan–United States relations”)
* Short for アメリカ／亜米利加 (Amerika, “the Americas (a region)”).
    南米(なんべい) (Nanbei, “South America”)

##### Derived terms

* 米塩(べいえん) (beien)
* 米価(べいか) (beika, “rice price”)
* 米菓(べいか) (beika)
* 米穀(べいこく) (beikoku)
* 米作(べいさく) (beisaku)
* 米寿(べいじゅ) (beiju)
* 米収(べいしゅう) (beishū)
* 米粟(べいぞく) (beizoku)
* 米栂(ベイツガ) (beitsuga)
* 米飯(べいはん) (beihan)
* 米粉(べいふん) (beifun)
* 五斗(ごと)米(べい) (gotobei)
* 米英(べいえい) (Bei-Ei)
* 米軍(べいぐん) (Beigun)
* 米国(べいこく) (Beikoku, “the United States”)
* 米州(べいしゅう) (Beishū)
* 米松(ベイマツ) (beimatsu)
* 欧米(おうべい) (Ō-Bei)
* 親米(しんべい) (shin-Bei)
* 中米(ちゅうべい) (Chūbei)
* 渡米(とべい) (to-Bei)
* 南米(なんべい) (Nanbei, “South America”)
* 日米(にちべい) (Nichi-Bei)
* 反米(はんべい) (han-Bei)
* 北米(ほくべい) (Hokubei, “North America”)

### References

* 1 2 “米”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Laurent Sagart (2011 December) “How Many Independent Rice Vocabularies in Asia?”, in Rice‎, volume 4, numbers 3-4, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 121–133
* ↑ Martine Robbeets (2017 January 1) “Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in Japanese: A case of farming/language dispersal”, in Language Dynamics and Change‎, volume 7, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 210–251
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
* ↑ Whitman, John (2012). "Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan, Rice, Volume 4, Issue 3–4, pp 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0
* ↑ Salingre, Maëlys Apophonic toponyms in Japanese 2019
* ↑ Thomas Pellard (2013). Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
* ↑ Hamano, S. "Voicing of Obstruents in Old Japanese: Evidence from the Sound-Symbolic Stratum." Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9. 3: 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 米 (MC mejX).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 몡〯 (Yale: myěy) | 몡〯 (Yale: myěy) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄡᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: psól) | 미〯 (Yale: mǐ) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [mi]
* Phonetic hangul: [미]

### Hanja

Wikisource 米 (eumhun 쌀 미 (ssal mi))
* hanja form of 미 (“rice”) [affix]

#### Compounds

* 공양미(供養米) (gong'yangmi)
* 미곡(米穀) (migok)
* 미음(米飮) (mieum)
* 백미(白米) (baengmi)
* 정미소(精米所) (jeongmiso)
* 현미(玄米) (hyeonmi)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Old Korean
### Suffix

米 (*-moy?)
* Apparently a verbal causative suffix; because, since

#### Reconstruction notes

* This form is attested commonly in the hyangga poems of the first millennium, but nowhere else.
* In the twentieth century, this was conventionally compared to Modern Korean -으매 (-eumae, “because, since”), but this seems impossible given that the modern construction is a grammaticalization of elements not found in Old Korean, and is not attested in Middle Korean.
* Some scholars believe it is a mere orthographic variant of 㢱 (*-mye, connective suffix).

### Further reading

* 이용 (Yi-Yong) (1999) 연결 어미의 형성에 관한 연구 [yeon'gyeol eomiui hyeongseong'e gwanhan yeon'gu, Study of the formation of connective suffixes], Seoul City University (PhD), pages 144—146
* 김지오 (Kim Ji-o) (2019) “고대국어 연결어미 연구의 현황과 과제 [godaegugeo yeon'gyeoreomi yeon'guui hyeonhwanggwa gwaje, The conditions and future tasks of analyzing connective endings in Old Korean]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, pages 55–87

## Vietnamese
### Chữ Hán

米: Hán Việt readings: mễ (莫(mạc)禮(lễ)切(thiết))
米: Nôm readings: mễ, mè

### Noun

米
* chữ Hán form of mễ (“rice grains”).
* chữ Nôm form of mè (“(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) sesame”).

### Proper noun

米
* chữ Hán form of Mễ (“(Overseas Vietnamese or obsolete) Mexico (a country in North America)”).

#### Compounds

* 米西基 (Mễ Tây Cơ, “Mexico”)

### References

* 1 2 3 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).