# particular
## English
### Alternative forms

* perticular (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Middle English particuler, from Anglo-Norman particuler, Middle French particuler, particulier, from Late Latin particularis (“partial; separate, individual”), from Latin particula (“(small) part”). Equivalent to particle +‎ -ar. Compare particle.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lə/
* (non-rhotic) IPA: /pəˈtɪk.jə.lə/
* (rhotic) IPA: /pɚˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (US, Canada, rhotic, r-dissimilation) IPA: /pəˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/
** Audio (Canada):(file)
* Hyphenation: par‧tic‧u‧lar
* Rhymes: -ɪkjʊlə(ɹ)

### Adjective

particular (comparative more particular, superlative most particular) (also non-comparable)
* (obsolete) Pertaining only to a part of something; partial.
* Specific; discrete; concrete.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:specific
    Antonym: general
    I couldn't find the particular model you asked for, but I hope this one will do.
    We knew it was named after John Smith, but nobody knows which particular John Smith.
** c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:I could a tale unfold whose lightest word / Would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood, / Make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their spheres, / Thy knotted and combined locks to part / And each particular hair to stand on end
* Specialised; characteristic of a specific person or thing.
    Synonyms: optimized, specialistic
    I don't appreciate your particular brand of cynicism.
** 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Gardens”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the earth
* (obsolete) Known only to an individual person or group; confidential.
** c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:or these domesticke and particular broiles, Are not the question heere.
* Distinguished in some way; special (often in negative constructions).
    My five favorite places are, in no particular order, New York, Chicago, Paris, San Francisco and London.
    I didn't have any particular interest in the book.
    He brought no particular news.
    She was the particular belle of the party.
* (comparable) Of a person, concerned with, or attentive to, details; fastidious.
    Synonyms: minute, precise, fastidious; see also Thesaurus:fastidious
    He is very particular about his food and if it isn't cooked to perfection he will send it back.
    These women are more particular about their appearance.
** 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed‎:There is a scraper as well as a mat, and Mrs. Challenger is most particular.
* Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:meticulous
    a full and particular account of an accident
* (law) Containing a part only; limited.
    a particular estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder
* (law) Holding a particular estate.
** 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:a particular tenant
* (logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject.
    a particular proposition, opposed to "universal", e.g. (particular affirmative) "Some men are wise"; (particular negative) "Some men are not wise".

#### Derived terms

* antiparticularism
* antiparticularist
* particularism
* particularity
* particularize
* particularly

#### Related terms

* in particular
* particular average
* particular Church
* particular integral
* particulars (pl.)

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Further reading

* “particular”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Noun

particular (plural particulars)
* A small individual part of something larger; a detail, a point. [from 15th c.]
** 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “Several Contrivances of the Author to Please the King and Queen. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), page 259:I did not omit even our Sports and Paſtimes, or any other Particular which I thought might redound to the Honour of my Country.
* (obsolete) A person's own individual case. [16th–19th c.]
** 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 16, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:Since philosophy could never find any way for tranquillity that might be generally good, let every man in his particular seeke for it.
** 1658, Henry Hammond, Whole Duty of Man:temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public […] or such as concern our particular
* (now philosophy, chiefly in plural) A particular case; an individual thing as opposed to a whole class. (Opposed to generals, universals.) [from 17th c.]
** 1912, Bertrand Russel, The Problems of Philosophy, Chapter 9:When we examine common words, we find that, broadly speaking, proper names stand for particulars, while other substantives, adjectives, prepositions, and verbs stand for universals.

#### Derived terms

* bill of particulars
* London particular

#### Related terms

* universal
* for one's particular

#### Translations
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin particulāris.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [pər.ti.kuˈlar]
* IPA: (Balearic) [pər.ti.kuˈla]
* IPA: (Valencia) [paɾ.ti.kuˈlaɾ]

### Adjective

particular m or f (masculine and feminine plural particulars)
* private
* particular

#### Derived terms

* particularment

### Noun

particular m (plural particulars)
* individual
* subject, matter, issue

### Related terms

* partícula
* particularitat

### Further reading

* “particular” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “particular”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “particular” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “particular” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin particulāris.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paɾtikuˈlaɾ/
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Hyphenation: par‧ti‧cu‧lar

### Adjective

particular m or f (plural particulares)
* particular; specific

#### Descendants

* Fala: particulal
* Galician: particular
* Portuguese: particular

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “particular”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “particular”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese particular, borrowed from Latin particulāris, corresponding to partícula +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /paʁ.t͡ʃi.kuˈlaʁ/ [pah.t͡ʃi.kuˈlah]
* (Brazil) IPA: /paʁ.t͡ʃi.kuˈlaʁ/ [pah.t͡ʃi.kuˈlah]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /paɾ.t͡ʃi.kuˈlaɾ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /paʁ.t͡ʃi.kuˈlaʁ/ [paχ.t͡ʃi.kuˈlaχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /paɻ.t͡ʃi.kuˈlaɻ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɐɾ.ti.kuˈlaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɐɾ.ti.kuˈlaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /pɐɾ.ti.kuˈla.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: par‧ti‧cu‧lar

### Adjective

particular m or f (plural particulares, comparable, comparative mais particular, superlative o mais particular or particularíssimo)
* private (concerning, accessible or belonging to an individual person or group)
** 2003, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix [Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix] (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 400:Não devia estar num quarto particular?Shouldn't he be in a private room?
* private (not belonging to the government)
    Synonym: privado
    Antonym: público
* particular; specific
    Synonym: específico
* particular; distinguished; exceptional
    Synonym: excepcional

#### Derived terms

* em particular

#### Related terms

* partícula

#### Descendants

* → Hunsrik: partikulaar

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin particularis or German partikular. By surface analysis, particulă +‎ -ar.

### Adjective

particular m or n (feminine singular particulară, masculine plural particulari, feminine and neuter plural particulare)
* private

#### Declension
### Noun

particular m (plural particulari)
* private person

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin particulāris.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paɾtikuˈlaɾ/ [paɾ.t̪i.kuˈlaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: par‧ti‧cu‧lar

### Adjective

particular m or f (masculine and feminine plural particulares)
* specific, particular
    Synonyms: concreto, específico
* peculiar, strange
    Synonyms: raro, extraño
* personal
    Synonym: personal
* private
    Synonym: privado

#### Derived terms

* clases particulares
* en particular
* particularismo
* particularista
* particularizar
* particularmente
* sin otro particular
* voto particular

#### Related terms

* partícula
* particularidad

### Noun

particular m (plural particulares)
* individual, private citizen

### Further reading

* “particular”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10