# kun
## Translingual
### Symbol

kun
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Kunama.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Kunama terms

## English
### Etymology

From Japanese 訓読み (kun'yomi), literally "meaning reading" (i.e. pronunciation based on meaning).

### Noun

kun (uncountable)
* In the Japanese language, the pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character as a native Japanese word that means what the character represents, contrasted with on.
    Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".

#### Related terms

* kun-yomi
* on

### Anagrams

* unk.

## Bikol Central
### Alternative forms

* kung
* kon, kong

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkun/ [ˈkun̪]

### Conjunction

kun (Basahan spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)
* if, unless
    Synonym: komo
    Kun may dudumanon ka, maiba lugod ako saimo.If you're going somewhere, I'll come with you then.

### Preposition

kun (Basahan spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)
* when; at (or as soon as) that time that; if
    Synonym: pag
    Kun mabanggi na, nagluluwas man an mga bituon.When the night comes, the stars come out also.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkun]
* Rhymes: -un

### Noun

kun
* genitive plural of kuna

## Danish
### Etymology

Older ikkun, a contraction of Old Danish ække uten (“nothing but”), from Old Norse ekki (“not”) and útan (“without, except”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkʰɔn]

### Adverb

kun
* only

#### Synonyms

* blot, ikkun (obsolete)

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* kan

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʏn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ʏn

### Verb

kun
* (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative of kunnen
    Kun jij iets doen voor mij?Can you do something for me?

#### Usage notes

* As is usual in Dutch, the -t is dropped when the pronoun jij / je follows the verb: je kunt > kun je. The verbs kunnen and zullen are unusual, however, insofar as the resulting form is not identical to the first-person singular. The form kan je is in fact a common alternative, but it is more informal and may even be considered substandard by some.

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Italian con, Latin cum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kun]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: kun

### Preposition

kun
* in the company of, with
* in addition to
* characteristic considered separately from the whole
** 1961, L. L. Zamenhof, Proverbaro esperanta:Vorto dirita en ĝusta tempo estas kiel oraj pomoj kun arĝentaj ŝeloj.A word said at the right time is like golden apples with silver skins.

#### Derived terms

* kun-
* kune kun
* kunigi
* kuniĝi
* kunligi

## Finnish
### Etymology

The singular instructive case of kuka. Originally a lesser used variant of kuin; modern differences between the two were introduced when the language was standardized.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkun/, [ˈkun]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -un
* Hyphenation: kun

### Conjunction

kun
* when, as, while (temporal: at the same time or instant that)
    Sain viestisi, kun olin jo matkalla lentokentälle.I got your message when I was already on my way to the airport.
    Hän ilmestyi antamaan ohjeita, kun olin jo saanut työn valmiiksi.He showed up to give instructions when I had already finished the job.
* as soon as, once; expresses that the event of the main clause takes place immediately after that of the subclause, often used with the clitic -han
    Tulen tapaamaan sinua, kun(han) saan tämän valmiiksi.I will come to see you as soon as I finish this job.
* as, because, since (considering that)
    Hän menetti työpaikkansa, kun tuli aina myöhässä.She lost her job because she was always late.
    En voi tulla huomenna, minulla kun on aamuvuoro.I cannot come tomorrow as I have the morning shift.
* Synonym of kunpa

#### Derived terms

* ei kun
* kunhan
* kunpa
* silloin kun
* sitten kun
* vittuku
* voi kun

#### Related terms

* kuin
* kunnes

### Pronoun

kun (dialectal or colloquial, not inflected)
* (relative) that, who, which, where
    Synonyms: joka, ken
    Täällä on eräs mies, kun haluaisi tavata johtajaa. [standard: Täällä on eräs mies, joka haluaisi tavata johtajaa.]There's a certain man here who'd like to see the leader.
    Kuka se on, kun huutaa? [standard: Kuka se on, ken huutaa?]Who is that who is shouting?

### Further reading

* “kun”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 君 (“sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord; lord; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 君).
* For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 軍 (“armed forces; army; troops; corps; army; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 軍).
* For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 均 (“equal; uniform; fair; all; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 均).
* For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 巾 (“a square item of cloth; towel; kerchief; piece of clothing worn on the head in China”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 巾).
* For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 斤 (“catty, a unit of weight; axe; hatchet; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 斤).
* For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 根 (“root; base; basis; foundation; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 根).
* For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 筋 (“tendon; sinew; muscle; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 筋).
* For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 跟 (“heel; to follow; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 跟).
* For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 鈞 (“ancient unit of measure equivalent to 30 catties or 15 kilograms; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鈞).

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkun]
* Hyphenation: kun
* Rhymes: -un

### Noun

kun (plural kunok)
* Cuman (member of a nomadic Turkic people of central Asia)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* kun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Ido
### Preposition

kun
* with
    Ilu iris kun elu a la parko.He went with her to the park.

## Japanese
### Romanization

kun
* Rōmaji transcription of くん

## Kavalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hokkien 裙 (kûn, “skirt”).

### Noun

kun
* pants; trousers
* skirt; sarong

## Linngithigh
### Adverb

kun
* now

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kuːn/

### Verb

kun
* second-person singular imperative of kien

## Mandarin
### Romanization

kun
* Nonstandard spelling of kūn.
* Nonstandard spelling of kǔn.
* Nonstandard spelling of kùn.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Middle English
### Noun

kun
* Alternative form of kyn

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Danish kun.

### Adverb

kun
* only, merely

#### Synonyms

* bare

## Nupe
### Etymology

Cognate with Gbari knu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kũ̄/

### Verb

kun
* to be enough; to be sufficient

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkun/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -un
* Syllabification: kun

### Noun

kun f
* genitive plural of kuna

## Somali
### Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *kum-.

### Numeral

kun
* thousand

### References

* “kun” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985) Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.

## Southeastern Tepehuan
### Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kuna.

### Noun

kun (third person singular possession kunaaꞌn)
* husband

#### Derived terms

* kuntaꞌ

### References

* R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)‎ (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 115

## Sumerian
### Romanization

kun
* Romanization of 𒆲 (kun)

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* cun — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈkun/ [ˈkun̪]
* Rhymes: -un
* Syllabification: kun

### Conjunction

kun (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)
* Obsolete form of kung.

### Preposition

kun (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)
* Obsolete form of kung.

## Unami
### Noun

kun anim
* ice, snow (on the ground)

#### Derived terms

* kunapu
* kunu

### References

* Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005) “kun”, in Leneaux, Grant, Whritenour, Raymond, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai کون (kūn /⁠kün⁠/, “sun; day”), from Proto-Turkic *kün (“sun; day”). Cognate with Uyghur كۈن / kün / күн; Turkmen gün, Azerbaijani گون / ҝүн / gün, Turkish gün; etc.

### Pronunciation

* (Uzbekistani standard) IPA: /kʊn/, [k̟ʰʏn]
* (Khorazm) IPA: /ɡʊn/
* Hyphenation: kun

### Noun

kun (plural kunlar)
* day
* sun

#### Declension
## Volapük
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kun]

### Noun

kun (nominative plural kuns)
* cow
** 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:Hifeilan at dalabom jevodis tel e kunis deg.This farmer owns two horses and ten cows.

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Synonyms

* jibub

#### Antonyms

* hibub
* tor

#### Derived terms

* kunül (“cow calf, female calf”)

#### Related terms

* bub
* veter

## Wik-Mungkan
### Noun

kun
* excrement, faeces, shit

#### Synonyms

* kaka

## Yámana
### Noun

kun
* oil

## Yola
### Etymology

Borrowed from Irish cun (“stoutness, thickness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʊn/

### Noun

kun
* A masculine, forward woman, a brazen face.

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 51