# fundo
## Catalan
### Verb

fundo
* first-person singular present indicative of fundar

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Latin fundus. Doublet of fono.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfundo]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -undo
* Hyphenation: fun‧do

### Noun

fundo (accusative singular fundon, plural fundoj, accusative plural fundojn)
* bottom

#### Derived terms

* alfundigi (“to sink (transitive)”)
* alfundiĝi (“to sink (intransitive)”)
* senfunda (“bottomless”)

## Galician
### Verb

fundo
* first-person singular present indicative of fundir

## Interlingua
### Noun

fundo (plural fundos)
* base, bottom

## Japanese
### Romanization

fundo
* Rōmaji transcription of ふんど

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈfun.doː/, [ˈfʊn̪d̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈfun.do/, [ˈfun̪d̪o]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *hundō or possibly *hʷundō (with fūsus for *fussus after fūdī), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-né-d(H)-ti, from the root *ǵʰew-d(H)- (“to pour”), extended from *ǵʰew-.
The change h- > f- is irregular (before -u-? Weiss, Outline, p. 77f.) and could be explained by a variant *hʷundō. Cognates include Ancient Greek χέω (khéō) and Old English ġēotan. (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Verb

fundō (present infinitive fundere, perfect active fūdī, supine fūsum); third conjugation, third person-only in the passive
* (transitive) to pour out, shed
    Synonyms: effundō, cōnfundō, diffundō, dēfundō, differō, indūcō, sternō, dissipō
* (military) to overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy, rout, scatter
    Synonyms: conquestō, dēvincō, vincō, superō, domō, prōflīgō, caedō, obruō, prōsternō, sternō, opprimō, ēvincō, exsuperō, pellō, impellō, subiciō, premō, subigō, dissipō
* to throw or cast to the ground, prostrate
    Synonyms: prōsternō, sternō, prōflīgō, ruō
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.192–193:nec prius absistit quam septem ingentia victor corpora fundat humī et numerum cum nāvibus aequet.Nor does it stop before [Aeneas], [as] victor, throws seven huge bodies to the ground, and equals the number with his ships. (The deer hunt shows Aeneas’s potential to be a military leader; note Virgil’s use of the present anticipatory subjunctive – “fundat” and “aequet” – to express purposeful actions.)
* (transitive) to found, make by smelting
* (transitive, figuratively) to moisten, wet
* (transitive) to extend, spread out
    Synonym: sternō
* (transitive) to utter

##### Derived terms

* adfundō
* circumfundō
* cōnfundō
* dēfundō
* diffundō
* effundō
* fundibulum
* fūsiō
* fūsus
* īnfundō
* interfundō
* offundō
* perfundō
* praefundō
* prōfundō
* refundō
* suffundō
* superfundō
* trānsfundō

##### Descendants

* Catalan: fondre
* French: fondre
* Friulian: fondi
* Italian: fondere
* Old Galician-Portuguese: fondir
* Sardinian: fundere
* Sicilian: fùnniri
* Spanish: hundir
* Venetan: fóndar
Possible Latinisms:
* → Asturian: fundir
* → Galician: fundir
* → Portuguese: fundir
* → Spanish: fundir
Early borrowings:
* → Proto-Brythonic: *fünnɨd
** Breton: fennañ
** Middle Welsh: ffynny
*** Welsh: ffynnu

#### References

* “fundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “fundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* fundo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* fundo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the earth brings forth fruit abundantly: terra fundit fruges to write poetry with facility: carmina , versus fundere (De Or. 3. 50) property in land; real property: fundi to rout the enemy's forces: fundere hostium copias to utterly rout the enemy: caedere et fundere hostem to utterly rout the enemy: fundere et fugare hostem
* Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “fŭndere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 863

### Etymology 2

From fundus (“bottom, lowest point”).

#### Verb

fundō (present infinitive fundāre, perfect active fundāvī, supine fundātum); first conjugation
* (transitive) to found, establish, lay the foundation
    Synonyms: exaedificō, inaedificō, aedificō, condō, struō, cōnstruō, compōnō, cōnstituō, statuō, mōlior
* (transitive, figuratively) to secure, make firm

##### Derived terms

* fundātus

##### Descendants

* Catalan: fonar
* Friulian: fondâ
* Italian: fondare
* Occitan: fondar
* Old French: funder
** French: fonder
** → German: fundieren
** → Middle Breton: fondaff
** → Middle English: founden
*** English: found
* Romansch: fondar
* Sardinian: fundare
* Venetan: fondar
* → Catalan: fundar
* → Danish: fundere
* → Esperanto: fundo
* → Portuguese: fundar
* → Spanish: fundar
* → Swedish: fundera

#### Noun

fundō
* dative/ablative singular of fundus

#### References

* “fundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “fundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* fundo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “fŭndare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 863

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfũ.du/
* Rhymes: -ũdu

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese fundo, fondo, from Latin fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.

#### Adjective

fundo (feminine funda, masculine plural fundos, feminine plural fundas)
* deep (having its bottom far down)
    Synonym: profundo
    Antonyms: raso, superficial

##### Derived terms

* pisar fundo

#### Noun

fundo m (plural fundos)
* bottom
    Antonyms: cume, superfície, topo
* background (a part of the picture that depicts scenery to the rear or behind the main subject)
* fund
* (finance, insurance) capital (money and wealth)
* (sports) long-distance

##### Derived terms

* do fundo do coração
* fundão
* fundinho
* fundo de investimento
* fundo do poço
* meio-fundo
* pano de fundo
* plano de fundo
* toda brincadeira tem um fundo de verdade

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

fundo
* first-person singular present indicative of fundar
    fundo uma instituição ― I am founding an institution

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

fundo
* first-person singular present indicative of fundir
    fundo ouro ― I am smelting gold

### Further reading

* “fundo”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “fundo”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfundo/ [ˈfũn̪.d̪o]
* Rhymes: -undo
* Syllabification: fun‧do

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin fundus. Doublet of fondo.

#### Noun

fundo m (plural fundos)
* country estate, farm
    Synonym: finca
** 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 197:La primitiva dueña de este fundo, una señora viuda de mucha virtud, hermosura y dinero, buscando la manera unir ambas secciones de su propiedad, pactó con el Diablo la construcción del puente dicho.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

fundo
* first-person singular present indicative of fundar

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

fundo
* first-person singular present indicative of fundir

### Further reading

* “fundo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfuⁿ.dɔ/
* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

fundo class V (plural mafundo class VI)
* a knot (looping of string)
* a joint of the body
* a cluster (group or bunch of things)