# पर्वत
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* पर्बत (parbat) — in some mountain names, poetic

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पर्वत (parvata).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /pəɾ.ʋət̪/, [pɐɾ.ʋɐt̪]

### Noun

पर्वत • (parvat) m (Urdu spelling پروت)
* mountain
    Synonyms: पहाड़ (pahāṛ), कोह (koh), अचल (acal), नग (nag), जबल (jabal)

#### Derived terms

* पर्वतीय (parvatīya)
* पर्वतश्रेणी (parvataśreṇī)

#### Related terms

* पार्वती (pārvatī)

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पर्वत (parvata).

### Noun

पर्वत • (parvat) m
* mountain
* hill

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* পৰ্বত (Assamese script)
* ᬧᬃᬯᬢ (Balinese script)
* পর্বত (Bengali script)
* 𑰢𑰨𑰿𑰪𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀧𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀢 (Brahmi script)
* ပရွတ (Burmese script)
* પર્વત (Gujarati script)
* ਪਰ੍ਵਤ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌪𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌤 (Grantha script)
* ꦥꦂꦮꦠ (Javanese script)
* 𑂣𑂩𑂹𑂫𑂞 (Kaithi script)
* ಪರ್ವತ (Kannada script)
* បវ៌ត (Khmer script)
* ປຣ຺ວຕ (Lao script)
* പര്വത (Malayalam script)
* ᢒᠠᡵᠣᠸᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘢𑘨𑘿𑘪𑘝 (Modi script)
* ᢒᠠᠷᢦᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧂𑧈𑧠𑧊𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐥𑐬𑑂𑐰𑐟 (Newa script)
* ପର୍ଵତ (Odia script)
* ꢦꢬ꣄ꢮꢡ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆥𑆫𑇀𑆮𑆠 (Sharada script)
* 𑖢𑖨𑖿𑖪𑖝 (Siddham script)
* පර්‍වත (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩰𑩼 𑪙𑩾𑩫 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚞𑚤𑚶𑚦𑚙 (Takri script)
* பர்வத (Tamil script)
* పర్వత (Telugu script)
* ปรฺวต (Thai script)
* པ་རྭ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒣𑒩𑓂𑒫𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨞𑨫𑩇𑨭𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *párwatas (“mountain, rock”), from Proto-Indo-European *pérwn̥-to-s (“rocky”), from *pérwr̥ (“rock”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬙𐬁 (pa$^u$ruuatā, “mountain”), Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒊒 (pé-e-ru /⁠péru⁠/, “rock”), 𒁉𒂊𒊒𒈾𒀭𒍝 (pé-e-ru-na-an-za /⁠pérunanta⁠/, “rocky, craggy”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /pɐ́ɾ.ʋɐ.tɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /pɐɾ.ʋɐ.t̪ɐ/

### Noun

पर्वत • (párvata) stem, m
* mountain, mountain range, height, hill, rock
** c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.57.3:धू॒नु॒थ द्यां पर्व॑तान्दा॒शुषे॑ वसु॒ नि वो॒ वना॑ जिहते॒ याम॑नो भि॒या।dhūnuthá dyā́ṃ párvatāndāśúṣe vasu ní vo vánā jihate yā́mano bhiyā́.From hills and heaven ye shake wealth for the worshipper: in terror at your coming low the woods bow down.
** c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.39.5:प्र वे॑पयन्ति॒ पर्व॑ता॒न्वि वि॑ञ्चन्ति॒ वन॒स्पती॑न्। प्रो आ॑रत मरुतो दु॒र्मदा॑ इव॒ देवा॑सः॒ सर्व॑या वि॒शा॥prá vepayanti párvatānví viñcanti vánaspátīn. pró ārata maruto durmádā iva dévāsaḥ sárvayā viśā́.They make the mountains tremble, they drive apart the forest-trees. Go, divine Maruts, whither you will, with all your progeny, like those intoxicated.
* an artificial mound or heap (of grain, salt, silver, gold etc. presented to Brahmans)
* the number 7 (from the 7 principal mountain-ranges)
* a fragment of rock, stone
* a (mountain-like) cloud
** c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.64.11:हि॒र॒ण्यये॑भिः प॒विभिः॑ पयो॒वृध॒ उज्जि॑घ्नन्त आप॒थ्यो॒३॒॑ न पर्व॑तान्।hiraṇyáyebhiḥ pavíbhiḥ payovṛ́dha újjighnanta āpathyò ná párvatān.They who with golden fellies make the rain increase drive forward the big clouds like wanderers on the way.

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* पार्वती (pā́rvatī)

#### Borrowed words

* Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀯𑀢 (pavata)
** Magadhi Prakrit:
*** Odia: ପାବୁଲି (pābuli)
** Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀬 (pavvaya)
** Paisaci Prakrit:
*** Punjabi: ਪੱਬਤ (pabbat);(North)
*** Punjabi: ਪੱਬੀ (pabbī, “plateau”)
** Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀤 (pavvada)
* Dardic:
** Kashmiri:
    Devanagari script: पर्बथ् (parbath), पर्बुथ् (parbuth)
    Arabic script: پَربَتھ (parbath), پَربُتھ (parbuth)
* Pali: pabbata
* → Assamese: পৰ্বত (porrot), পৰ্ব্বত (porrwot) (learned)
* → Bengali: পর্বত (porbot) (learned)
* → Hindustani: (learned)
    Hindi: पर्वत (parvat), पर्बत (parbat) — in some mountain names, poetic
    Urdu: پروت (parvat), پربت (parbat)
* → Kannada: ಪರ್ವತ (parvata) (learned)
* → Malayalam: പർവ്വതം (paṟvvataṁ) (learned)
* → Marathi: पर्वत (parvat) (learned)
* → Nepali: पर्बत् (parbat) (learned)
* → Odia: ପର୍ବତ (parbata) (learned)
* → Tamil: பர்வதம் (parvatam), பருவதம் (paruvatam), பருப்பதம் (paruppatam) (learned)
* → Telugu: పర్వతము (parvatamu) (learned)

### Adjective

पर्वत • (párvata)
* knotty, rugged (said of mountains)
** c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “पर्वत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0609/1.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 99
* Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 368