# شب
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃab.ba/

### Verb

شَبَّ • (šabba) I (non-past يَشِبُّ (yašibbu), verbal noun شَبَاب (šabāb) or شَبِيب (šabīb))
* to become a young adult, to grow up
    Synonym: بَلَغَ (balaḡa)

#### Derived terms

* مَنْ شَبَّ عَلَى خُلُقٍ شَابَ عَلَيْهِ (man šabba ʕalā ḵuluqin šāba ʕalayhi, proverb)

### Verb

شَبَّ • (šabba) I (non-past يَشِبُّ (yašibbu) or يَشُبُّ (yašubbu), verbal noun شِبَاب (šibāb) or شُبُوب (šubūb) or شَبِيب (šabīb))
* to be brisk, to be lively, to be sprightly
* to raise one's head (as when trying to reach or look at something), to stand on the tiptoes, to stretch up
    Synonym: اِشْرَأَبَّ (išraʔabba, “to raise one's head, to lift one's eyes, to look up”)
** 2018, وَجْدِيّ الْأَهْدَل, أرض المؤامرات السعيدة, Bayrūt: Nawfal / Hachette Antoine, →ISBN, page 47:كان هناك ولد صغير يتكلّم ويحاول أن يشبّ على أصابعه لينظر من النافذة.There was a small boy talking and trying to rear on his toes to look through the window.
* (of an animal, such as a horse) to raise the forelegs, to prance

#### Conjugation
### Verb

شَبَّ • (šabba) I (non-past يَشُبُّ (yašubbu), verbal noun شَبّ (šabb))
* (transitive) to kindle, to inflame, to ignite (also figuratively, such as of war kindled)
** (intransitive, of a fire) to break out
* to raise, to lift; to heighten; to highlight, to intensify (also figuratively, and particularly if done with colours or when referring to physical qualities and attributes, such as beauty and attractiveness)

#### Conjugation
### Noun

شَبّ • (šabb) m
* verbal noun of شَبَّ (šabba, “to raise; to kindle”) (form I)

#### Declension
### Noun

شَبّ • (šabb) m (collective, singulative شَبَّة f (šabba))
* vitriol
    Synonym: زَاج (zāj)
* alum

#### Derived terms

* شَبّ اللَيْل (šabb al-layl, “marvel of Peru”)

#### Descendants

* Andalusian Arabic: شَبّ (šább)
** → Spanish: ajebe, jebe
* → Middle Armenian: շիպ (šip)
* → Georgian: შაბი (šabi)
** → Bats: შაბ (šab)
* → Ottoman Turkish: شاب (şab, şap)
** Turkish: şap
** → Armenian: շապ (šap)
* → Urdu: شَبّ (šabb)

### References

* Freytag, Georg (1833) “شب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 386–387
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “شب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1492–1493
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شب”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 627–628

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic شابّ (šābb).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Aleppo) /ʃabb/, [ʃæbː]
* IPA: (Beirut) /ʃabb/, [ʃæbː]

### Noun

شب • (šabb) m (plural شباب (šabāb))
* a male teenager or a young man up to the age of circa 30 years

#### Usage notes

* The singular is restricted to males, the female equivalents being صبية (ṣabiyye) or بنت (bint). Predominantly, this restriction to the male sex also holds true for the plural, but not in all contexts. For example, when contrasting generations with each other, شباب (šabāb) may refer to the entire young generation. It is also possible to address a mixed group as يا شباب! (yā šabāb!).
* The masculine plural may be explicitly specified with the word صبيان (ṣibyān, ṣubyān), though this is less common because the form tends to mean “[young] boys”.

## Persian
### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (LYLYA), [script needed] (šp /⁠šab⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (xšap-), from Proto-Iranian *xšáfš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáps, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷséps. Cognate of Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣap).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃaβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃäb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃäb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃäw]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʃäw], [ʃeːw]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃæb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃäb]
* Audio (Dari):(file)
** Audio (Kabuli):(file)
* Audio (Iran):(file)

### Noun

شب • (šab) (plural شب‌ها (šab-hâ) or شبان (šabân))
* night
** c. 1320, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوانِ امیرخسرو دهلوی [Divan of Amīr Khusraw]‎:شبت خوش باد و خواب مستی‌ات سلطان و من هم خوش شبی گرچه نیاری یاد بیداران شبها راšab-at xwaš bād u xwāb-i mastī-yat sultān u man ham xwaš šabē garči nay-ārī yād-i bēdārān-i šabhā rāMay your night and drunken sleep be happy, my sovereign! I am happy too, Even though you will not remember (for even one night) those who stay awake during night [out of love for you].(Classical Persian transliteration)
* evening

#### Derived terms

* امشب (imšab / emšab, “tonight”)
* دیشب (dīšab / dišab, “yesterday night”)
* شب چله (šab-i čilla / šab-e čelle)
* شب یلدا (šab-i yaldā / šab-e yaldâ)
* شبانه (šabāna / šabâne, “nocturnal”)
* شبیخون (šabīxūn / šabixun, “surprise attack”)
* شب‌بوی (šab-bōy / šab-buy)
* هزار و یک شب (hazār u yak šab / hezâr o yek šab, “Thousand and One Nights”)
* پریشب (parīšab / parišab, “night two days ago”)
* چادر شب (čādar-i šab / čâdar-e šab)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic شَابّ (šābb).

### Noun

شبّ • (šabb) m
* Alternative spelling of شابّ

### Adjective

شبّ • (šabb)
* Alternative spelling of شابّ

## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ʃəb/
* Audio (India):(file)
* Rhymes: -əb

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian شب (šab). Cognate of Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣap).

#### Noun

شَب • (śab) f (Hindi spelling शब)
* night
* evening

##### Synonyms

* شام (šām)
* رات (rāt)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic شَبّ (šabb).

#### Noun

شَب • (śab) m (Hindi spelling शब्ब)
* alum