# gwaith
## Welsh
### Etymology

Doublets; from Middle Welsh gweith, from Proto-Brythonic *gweiθ, from Proto-Celtic *wextā (“time, course, turn”) (compare Cornish gweyth, Breton gwezh, Old Irish fecht (“journey; time, occasion”), Irish feacht (“journey; time, occasion”)), feminine past participle of Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to carry, drive”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡwai̯θ/
* Homophone: gwaeth (“worse”) (South Wales)
* Rhymes: -aːi̯θ

### Noun

gwaith m (plural gweithiau or gweithoedd or gweithydd or gweithion)
* work, labour, act, deed, task, job; aid
    Mae llawer o waith i'w gael yng Nghaerdydd.There's lots of work to be had in Cardiff.
* something that is or was done deliberately, product of a physical or mental effort (e.g. building, literary or musical composition, needlework), composition, construction, formation (often left untranslated in English)
    gwaith cwrs ― coursework
    gwaith gwnïo ― sewing
    gwaith marcio ― (teacher's) marking
* craftsmanship, workmanship, ornamentation, art, execution
    gwaith saer ― carpentry
* fortification, earthwork, fort
* a working place, works, factory, manufactory; mine
    mynd i'r gwaith ― to go to work
    gwaith dur ― steelworks
** (especially South Wales, in the plural) works (industrial district)
* shape, form, fashion, look, appearance, manner, mode
* (physics) work
    Pan fo grym 1 newton yn symud pellter o 1 metr, cynhyrchir 1 joule o waith.When 1 newton of force moves [an object] a distance of 1 metre, 1 joule of work is generated.

#### Derived terms

* amgylchedd gwaith (“work environment”)
* amodau gwaith (“working conditions”)
* anaf yn y gwaith (“work injury”)
* arferion gwaith (“work habits”)
* arwaith (“action”)
* arwyneb gwaith (“work surface”)
* baich gwaith (“workload”)
* bwrdd gwaith (“desktop”)
* bywyd gwaith (“work life”)
* canolfan gwaith (“jon centre”)
* ceisiwr gwaith (“jobseeker”)
* colli gwaith (“redundancy”)
* cylchedwaith (“circuitry”)
* cynllun gwaith (“work plan”)
* deuparth gwaith ei ddechrau (“half the work is getting started”)
* diwrnod gwaith (“work day, business day”)
* fframwaith (“framework”)
* gwaith â llaw (“manual work”)
* gwaith achos (“casework”)
* gwaith adeiladu (“construction”)
* gwaith adfer (“remedial work”)
* gwaith am dâl (“renumerative work”)
* gwaith amaethyddol (“agricultural work”)
* gwaith asiedydd (“joinery”)
* gwaith aur (“gold mine”)
* gwaith basged (“basketry”)
* gwaith blaen nodwydd (“needlepoint”)
* gwaith brics (“brickworks”)
* gwaith brig (“open-cast mine”)
* gwaith bydwraig (“midwifery”)
* gwaith caib a rhaw (“manual labour, dirty work”)
* gwaith caled (“hard work”)
* gwaith carreg (“stonework”)
* gwaith cartref (“homework, assignment”)
* gwaith carthion (“sewage works”)
* gwaith celf (“artwork”)
* gwaith cemegol (“chemical works”)
* gwaith coed (“woodwork”)
* gwaith criw (“gang work”)
* gwaith crosio (“crochet (work)”)
* gwaith cwrs (“coursework”)
* gwaith cymdeithasol (“social work”)
* gwaith cymuned (“community work”)
* gwaith di-dâl (“unpaid work”)
* gwaith diwrnod (“a day's work; a day's journey”)
* gwaith dros dro (“temporary work”)
* gwaith dur (“steelworks”)
* gwaith dŵr (“waterworks”)
* gwaith estyn allan (“outreach work”)
* gwaith ffelt (“feltwork”)
* gwaith glo (“coalmine, colliery”)
* gwaith gof (“forgework”)
* gwaith grŵp (“groupwork”)
* gwaith gwiail (“canework”)
* gwaith gwirfoddol (“voluntary work”)
* gwaith gwydr (“glass works”)
* gwaith haearn (“ironworks”)
* gwaith ieuenctid (“youthwork”)
* gwaith llaw (“handiwork, handicraft”)
* gwaith maen (“masonry”)
* gwaith maes (“fieldwork”)
* gwaith marcio (“marking”)
* gwaith metel (“metalwork”)
* gwaith o dan gontract (“contractual work”)
* gwaith oddi ar y safle (“offsite work”)
* gwaith oes (“life's work”)
* gwaith prawf (“probation work”)
* gwaith pwdlo (“bloomery”)
* gwaith raffia (“raffia work”)
* gwaith rhan-amser (“part-time work”)
* gwaith saer (“carpentry”)
* gwaith teils (“tilery”)
* gwaith tîm (“teamwork”)
* gwaith toddi (“smeltery, smelting works”)
* gwaith trin carthion (“sewage treatmant works”)
* gwaith trin dŵr (“water treatmant works”)
* gwaith trin gwastraff (“waste treatmant works”)
* gwaith turn (“lathework”)
* gwaith tŷ (“housework, chores”)
* gwaith ymchwilio (“investivigative work”)
* gwaith ysgrifenedig (“written work”)
* gweithdy (“workshop”)
* gweithfan (“work station”)
* gweithgar (“hardworking”)
* gweithio (“to work”)
* gweithred (“action”)
* lleoliad gwaith (“work placement”)
* llyfr gwaith (“workbook”)
* oriau gwaith (“working hours”)
* patrwm gwaith (“work pattern”)
* plethwaith (“wattlework”)
* profiad gwaith (“work experience”)
* Sul, gŵyl a gwaith (“every day of the week”)
* telerau gwaith (“working terms”)
* yn y gwaith (“at work; work-based”)

### Noun

gwaith f (plural gweithiau)
* time (with cardinal numbers, 'how many times', etc.), occasion, course, turn
    Synonyms: amser, tro
    Rydyn ni wedi gwylio'r ffilm 'ma dwywaithWe've watched this film two times
* journey, course, migration
* (military) battle, combat, action

#### Derived terms

* ambell waith (“sometimes”)
* dwywaith (“twice”)
* llawer gwaith (“many times”)
* noswaith (“evening”)
* sawl gwaith (“how many times; several times”)
* teirgwaith (“thrice”)
* unwaith (“once”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwaith”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies