# שם
## Hebrew
### Pronunciation

* (noun, proper noun)
** (Biblical Hebrew) IPA: /ʃim/
** (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /ʃem/
** (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /ʃem/
* Rhymes: -em

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *šim-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *sim- (“name”). Cognate with Arabic اسم (ism, “name”) and Aramaic שְׁמָא (šəmā).

#### Noun

שֵׁם • (shem) m (plural indefinite שֵׁמוֹת, singular construct שֵׁם־, plural construct שְׁמוֹת־)
* a name
** 1974, Zelda, Every Person Has a Name :לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָּתַן לוֹ אֱלֹהִים וְנָתְנוּ לוֹ אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, / לְכָל אִישׁ יֵשׁ שֵׁם שֶׁנָּתְנוּ לוֹ קוֹמָתוֹ וְאֹפֶן חִיּוּכוֹ וְנָתַן לוֹ הָאָרִיג, […]l'khól ish yesh shém shenatán lo elohím venatnú lo avív ve'imó, / lekhól ish yesh shém shenatnú lo komató ve'ófen khiyukhó venatán lo ha'aríg […] Every person has a name that God gave him and that his father and mother gave him / Every person has a name that his stature and his way of smiling gave him and that the fabric gave him […]
* a first name

##### Derived terms

* בָּרוּךְ הוּא וּבָרוּךְ שְׁמוֹ (barúkh hu uvarúkh sh'mó)
* השם (hashém)
* השם המפורש (hashém ham'forásh)
* שם במה
* שם בן ארבע אותיות (shem ben árba otiót)
* שם גוף (shem guf)
* שם גנרי (shem genéri)
* שם חיבה (shem khibá)
* שם לוואי (shem l'váy)
* שם מסחרי (shem miskharí)
* שם מספר (shem mispár)
* שֵׁם מִשְׁפָּחָה (shem mishpakhá)
* שם משתמש (shem mishtamésh)
* שם מתחם
* שם ספרותי (shem sifrutí)
* שם עט (shem ét)
* שם עצם (shem étsem)
* שם פועל (shem póal)
* שם פעולה / שֵׁם פְּעֻלָּה (shem pe'ulá)
* שם פרטי (shem pratí)
* שם רשום (shem rashúm)
* שם תואר (shem tóar)
* שם תחום (shem t'khúm)

##### Further reading

* H8034 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Etymology 2

Compare Arabic ثَمَّ (ṯamma). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Adverb

שָׁם • (sham)
* there (somewhere at some distance from the speaker)

##### Antonyms

* כאן (kan)

##### Derived terms

* שָׁמָּה (sháma)

##### Further reading

* H8033 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Etymology 3

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

#### Proper noun

שֵׁם • (shem) m
* (biblical) Shem

##### Derived terms

* אַנְטִישֵׁמִי (antishémi)
* אַנְטִישֵׁמִיּוּת (antishémiyut)
* שֵׁמִי (shémi)

##### References

* H8035 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Etymology 4

Compare Ge'ez ሤመ (śemä, “to appoint, to put”).

#### Verb

שָׂם • (sam) (pa'al construction, future יָשִׂים)
* to put, place
* to turn on (music, television, radio, etc.)
* to put on, don (clothing, shoes, etc.)

##### Conjugation

$^1$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

##### Synonyms

* (to turn on): הִדְלִיק (hidlík), הִפְעִיל (hif'íl)
* (to put on): (clothing) לָבַשׁ (lavásh), (shoes) נָעַל (na'ál), (hat) חָבַשׁ (khavásh), (eyeglasses) הִרְכִּיב (hirkív)

##### Derived terms

* שָׂם לֵב (sam lév)
* שָׂם נַפְשׁוֹ בְּכַּפּוֹ (sam nafshó b'kapó)

##### Further reading

* H7760 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Etymology 5
#### Verb

שָׁם • (sham) (pa'al construction)
* to assess, appraise: (determined value).
** a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Mo'ed Katan 5a:כׇּל הַשָּׁם אוֹרְחוֹתָיו זוֹכֶה וְרוֹאֶה בִּישׁוּעָתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּאkol ha-shám orkhotáv zokhé v'ro'é biy'shu'ató shel hakadósh barúkh huEveryone who appraises his ways merits and sees the salvation of the Holy Blessed One.

##### Conjugation

$^1$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

### References

* Redslob, Gustav Moritz (1872) “Zur hebräischen Wortforschung. שֵׁם”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, volume 26, pages 751–756