# 刷

| 刷 | U+5237, &#21047; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5237 |
| ← 制 [U+5236] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 券 → [U+5238] |

## Translingual
### Han character

刷 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸月中弓 (SBLN), four-corner 7220$_0$, composition ⿰𡰯刂)

#### Derived characters

* 唰, 𢯍, 涮, 𤷯

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1964
* Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 337, character 5
* Unihan data for U+5237

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 刷
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 涮 | *sroːns |
| 刷 | *sroːd, *srod |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sroːd, *srod): semantic 刂 (“knife”) + phonetic 𡰯. It represents the act of shaving something flat with a knife, and by extension, is used to convey the meanings of "to scrape" or "to print."

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(u/i)t (“to wipe, sweep, rub, scrub”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བཤུད (bshud, “to wipe”), Burmese သုတ် (sut, “idem”) (though STEDT mistakenly puts down 恤 (OC *sqʰʷiɡ, “to sympathize, compensate”) for the Chinese character instead).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shuā (shua$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄚ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sua$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caat$^3$ / caat$^{3-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cat$^1$ / cat$^{1-4*}$
* Gan (Wiktionary): sot$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sot
    (Hailu, HRS): sod
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sod$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): suah$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): sŏ
* Eastern Min (BUC): sáuk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): suah$^6$ / suoh$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): soat / seh / serh / soa / soah / sóa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suêh$^4$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): suag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$seq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xya$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shua
*** Wade–Giles: shua$^1$
*** Yale: shwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shua
*** Palladius: шуа (šua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯ä⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuār
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄚㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shuar
*** Wade–Giles: shua$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: shwār
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shual
*** Palladius: шуар (šuar)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: sua$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sua
*** Sinological IPA : /sua²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caat$^3$ / caat$^{3-2}$
*** Yale: chaat / cháat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaat$^8$ / tsaat$^{8-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cad$^3$ / cad$^{3-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːt̚³/, /t͡sʰaːt̚³⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cat$^1$ / cat$^{1-4*}$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰat̚³³/, /t͡sʰat̚³³⁻²¹⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: sot$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sot
*** Hakka Romanization System: sod$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sod$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sot̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: sod
*** Sinological IPA: /sot⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sod$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɔt̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: suah$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /suaʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sŏ
*** Sinological IPA : /so²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sáuk
*** Sinological IPA : /sɑuʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suah$^6$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: suah
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuaʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: suoh$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬuoʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soat
*** Tâi-lô: suat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soad
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suat̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seh
*** Tâi-lô: seh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: seq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /seʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: serh
*** Tâi-lô: serh
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /səʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa
*** Tâi-lô: sua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soaf
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sua³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soah
*** Tâi-lô: suah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soaq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /suaʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sóa
*** Tâi-lô: suá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: soar
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sua⁵³/
* soat - literary;
* seh/serh, soa, soah, sóa - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit刷 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂua⁵⁵/ /ʂua⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʂua⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /suɑ²¹/ /ʂuɑ²¹/ ～白 |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʂua²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʂua⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʂua²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /fa²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /fa⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʂua¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /fa¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /fa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /sua²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /sua³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /sua²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂua̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʂɑʔ⁵/ /ʂuɑʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʂuɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /suʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /suaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /sø²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /suaʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /suːə⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕya²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sɒ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɵʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sot̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sot̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰat̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰat̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰat̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /suat̚³²/ /suaʔ³²/ /sua⁵³/ 印～ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɔuʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /so²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sueʔ²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tuak̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: srwaet, srjwet
Rime :
| Character | 刷 | 刷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 黠 (72) | 薛 (84) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 數刮切 | 所劣切 |
| Baxter | srwaet | srjwet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʃˠuat̚/ | /ʃˠiuᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʃʷᵚat̚/ | /ʃʷᵚiet̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʃuɐt̚/ | /ʃiuæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʂwaɨt̚/ | /ʂwiat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʃuat̚/ | /ʃjuɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʃwat̚/ | /ʃĭuɛt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʂwăt̚/ | /ʂi̯wɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shua | shuo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saat$^3$ | syut$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]r[o]t/, /*[s]r[o]t/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sroːd/, /*srod/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 刷 | 刷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shuā | shuā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ srjwet › | ‹ srwæt › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]r[o]t/ (dialect: retains MC srj-) | /*[s]r[o]t/ |
| English | brush (v.) | brush (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 刷 | 刷 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11920 | 11921 |
| Phonetic component | 刷 | 刷 |
| Rime group | 月 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 刷 | 㕞 |
| Old Chinese | /*sroːd/ | /*srod/ |

#### Definitions

刷
* brush (tool)
    牙刷 ― yáshuā ― toothbrush
* (transitive) to brush; to scrub; to clean with a brush
    刷牙 ― shuāyá ― to brush one's teeth
    刷碗 ― shuāwǎn ― to wash the dishes
* (transitive) to paint with a brush
* (colloquial, transitive) to eliminate
* (transitive) to swipe (a card, etc.); to scan
    刷信用卡 ― shuā xìnyòngkǎ ― to swipe a credit card
    刷臉／刷脸 ― shuāliǎn ― to scan one's face
    From: 2018 August, 张雨笛 (Zhang Yudi), 我在建兰的一天, in 吴丹青 (Wu Danqing), chief editor, 《七年级课堂同步作文》, Shanghai: 上海社会科学院出版社, →ISBN, page 206
    “dí —” shuā ménkǎ de shēngyīn, lǎoshī tàn chū tóu lái: “Zǎo diǎn shuìjiào a.” [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (chiefly Mainland China, neologism, colloquial, transitive) to browse through (updates on social media etc.); to flip through
    刷手機／刷手机 ― shuā shǒujī ― to check one's phone (for updates on social media etc.)
       Zhè bù diànshìjù tài hǎokàn le! Wǒ yǐjīng kāishǐ sì shuā le! [Pinyin]
       This television drama is so good! I have already begun to watch through it for the fourth time!
* (colloquial, transitive) to write; to finish (a massive quantity of works)
    刷題／刷题 ― shuātí ― to do a large number of exam questions
    From: 2018 August, 张雨笛 (Zhang Yudi), 我在建兰的一天, in 吴丹青 (Wu Danqing), chief editor, 《七年级课堂同步作文》, Shanghai: 上海社会科学院出版社, →ISBN, page 206
    Wǎnfǔ zài wǒ shuā zuòyè de mánglù zhōng jiéshù, wǒ bèizhe shūbāo huídào qǐnshì. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (computing, transitive) to flash
    刷固件 ― shuā gùjiàn ― to flash the firmware
* (video games, transitive) to grind
    刷錢／刷钱 ― shuā qián ― to grind for [in-game] money
* (video games, transitive) to spawn
    刷車器／刷车器 ― shuā chē qì ― car spawner

##### Synonyms

* (to eliminate):
* 免
* 免除 (miǎnchú)
* 削 (literary, or in compounds)
* 削除 (xuēchú)
* 去掉 (qùdiào)
* 去除 (qùchú)
* 報銷 / 报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous)
* 屏除 (bǐngchú)
* 廓清 (kuòqīng)
* 打掉 (dǎdiào)
* 掃 / 扫
* 排解 (páijiě)
* 掃除 / 扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative)
* 排除 (páichú)
* 摒除 (bìngchú)
* 撤 (chè)
* 撤除 (chèchú)
* 消 (xiāo)
* 消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary)
* 消解 (xiāojiě)
* 消釋 / 消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative)
* 消除 (xiāochú)
* 淘汰 (táotài)
* 清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative)
* 清除 (qīngchú)
* 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
* 破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
* 破除 (pòchú)
* 祛除 (qūchú)
* 罷 / 罢
* 翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary)
* 肅清 / 肃清 (sùqīng)
* 蕩 / 荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 解釋 / 解释 (jiěshì) (archaic)
* 解除 (jiěchú)
* 鋤 / 锄 (chú)
* 鏟除 / 铲除 (chǎnchú)
* 除
* 除去 (chúqù)
* 除忒 (Hakka)
* 除掉 (chúdiào)
* 除開 / 除开 (chúkāi)
* 革除 (géchú)
* 驅散 / 驱散 (qūsàn)
* 驅走 / 驱走 (qūzǒu)
* 驅除 / 驱除 (qūchú)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shuà (shua$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saat$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shuà
*** Wade–Giles: shua$^4$
*** Yale: shwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuah
*** Palladius: шуа (šua)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu̯ä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saat$^3$
*** Yale: saat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːt̚³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit刷 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂua⁵⁵/ /ʂua⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʂua⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /suɑ²¹/ /ʂuɑ²¹/ ～白 |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʂua²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʂua⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʂua²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /fa²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /fa⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʂua¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /fa¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /fa²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /sua²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /sua³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /sua²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʂua̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʂɑʔ⁵/ /ʂuɑʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʂuɐʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suaʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /suʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /suaʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /səʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷɑʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /sø²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /suaʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /suːə⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕya²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /sɒ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɵʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sot̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /sot̚²²/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰat̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sʰat̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sʰat̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /suat̚³²/ /suaʔ³²/ /sua⁵³/ 印～ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɔuʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /so²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /sueʔ²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tuak̚⁵/ |

#### Definitions

刷
* (dialectal) to pick; to choose

### Compounds

* 兩把刷子 / 两把刷子
* 凸版印刷
* 凹版印刷 (āobǎn yìnshuā)
* 刷刷 (shuāshuā)
* 刷卡 (shuākǎ)
* 刷印 (shuāyìn)
* 刷卷
* 刷子 (shuāzi)
* 刷恥 / 刷耻
* 刷扮
* 刷拉
* 刷括
* 刷新 (shuāxīn)
* 刷洗
* 刷照
* 刷牙 (shuāyá)
* 刷白
* 刷臉 / 刷脸 (shuāliǎn)
* 刷選 / 刷选
* 剗刷 / 刬刷
* 剔抽禿刷 / 剔抽秃刷
* 印刷 (yìnshuā)
* 印刷品 (yìnshuāpǐn)
* 印刷廠 / 印刷厂 (yìnshuāchǎng)
* 印刷機 / 印刷机 (yìnshuājī)
* 印刷術 / 印刷术 (yìnshuāshù)
* 印刷電路 / 印刷电路
* 印刷體 / 印刷体 (yìnshuātǐ)
* 塗刷 / 涂刷
* 孔版印刷
* 審囚刷卷 / 审囚刷卷
* 平版印刷
* 拘刷
* 括刷
* 振刷
* 敦蹄刷腳 / 敦蹄刷脚
* 木版印刷
* 板刷 (bǎnshuā)
* 根刷
* 水刷石
* 沖刷 / 冲刷 (chōngshuā)
* 洗刷 (xǐshuā)
* 海綿刷 / 海绵刷
* 溜刷
* 牙刷 (yáshuā)
* 瓶刷子樹 / 瓶刷子树
* 眉刷
* 眼禿刷 / 眼秃刷
* 石版印刷
* 立體印刷 / 立体印刷
* 粉刷 (fěnshuā)
* 糊刷
* 膠版印刷 / 胶版印刷
* 鋼絲刷 / 钢丝刷
* 閉眉刷眼 / 闭眉刷眼
* 雕版印刷 (diāobǎn yìnshuā)
* 雨刷 (yǔshuā)
* 鞋刷 (xiéshuā)
* 馬桶刷 / 马桶刷 (mǎtǒngshuā)
* 髮刷 / 发刷 (fàshuā)

### References

* ↑ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-UT Finals (22. to Wipe)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 51

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* painting
* print
* brush

#### Readings

* Go-on: せち (sechi)
* Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: する (suru, 刷る, Jōyō)、はく (haku, 刷く)、はけ (hake)

## Korean
### Hanja

刷 (eum 쇄 (swae))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

刷: Hán Nôm readings: xoát, loát, loạt, loét, nhoét, soát
* brush; rinse
* polish