# lus
## Translingual
### Symbol

lus
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Mizo.

### See also

* Wiktionary's coverage of Mizo terms

## English
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

lus
* third-person singular simple present indicative of lu

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

lus
* plural of lu

### Anagrams

* LSU, ULs, Uls.

## Albanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lus/, [lʊs] (Standard)

### Verb

lus (aorist luta, participle lutur)
* Alternative form of lut

#### Related terms

* lut
* lutem (liutem (Arbëreshë, Arvanitic))
* lutës m, lutësi m
* lutje f, lutja f
* lutur
* lutur f, lutura f

### Further reading

* “lus”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse lús, from Proto-Germanic *lūs, from Proto-Indo-European *lewH-.

### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

### Noun

lus c (singular definite lusen, plural indefinite lus)
* louse

#### Derived terms

* tømmerlus, tømrerlus

### Further reading

* “lus” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* lis (dialectal)
* luts (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Middle Dutch litse, from Old French lice, from Vulgar Latin līcia, from Latin līcium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lʏs/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: lus
* Rhymes: -ʏs
* Homophone: löss

### Noun

lus f (plural lussen, diminutive lusje n)
* loop

#### Derived terms

* aardingslus
* alarmlus
* detectielus
* kernlis
* lusvormig
* stroomlus
* verkeerslus

#### Descendants

* → Saramaccan: lásu

### Further reading

* “lus” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ly/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

lus
* first/second-person singular past historic of lire

### Participle

lus m pl
* masculine plural of lu

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish lus (“plant, herb, vegetable”).

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /l̪ˠʊsˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /l̪ˠʌsˠ/

### Noun

lus m (genitive singular lusa, nominative plural lusanna)
* plant, herb
    Synonym: luibh

#### Declension

bare forms
case
singular
plural
nominative
lus
lusanna
vocative
a lus
a lusanna
genitive
lusa
lusanna
dative
lus
lusanna
forms with the definite article
case
singular
plural
nominative
an lus
na lusanna
genitive
an lusa
na lusanna
dative
leis an lus don lus
leis na lusanna :
* Alternative genitive singular/nominative plural form: losa

#### Derived terms

* aelus (“liverwort”)
* leannlus (“hops”)
* lus an aisig (“daffodil”)
* lus an bhainne (“milkwort”)
* lus an bhalla (“wallflower”)
* lus an bhorraigh (“bladder-wort”)
* lus an chairdinéil (“cardinal-flower”)
* lus an chodlata (“opium poppy”)
* lus an choilm (“columbine”)
* lus an choire (“coriander”)
* lus an chorráin (“spleenwort”)
* lus an chromchinn (“narcissus; daffodil”)
* lus an chrúbáin (“gentian”)
* lus an dá phingin (“moneywort”)
* lus an easpaig (“ground elder”)
* lus an ghiolla (“lousewort”)
* lus an ghrá (“love-lies-bleeding”)
* lus an ghúta (“ground elder”)
* lus an leanna (“hops”)
* lus an óir (“hedge-mustard”)
* lus an phiobair (“peppermint”)
* lus an sparáin (“shepherd's purse”)
* lus an tóiteáin (“houseleek”)
* lus an treacha (“thyme-leaved speedwell”)
* lus an tsabhdáin (“sultan”)
* lus an tsiocaire (“chicory”)
* lus an úcaire (“teasel”)
* lus anainn (“pineapple weed”)
* lus beatha (“betony”)
* lus braonach (“dropwort”)
* lus buí Bealtaine (“marsh marigold”)
* lus cailce (“gypsophila”)
* lus caisil (“asphodel”)
* lus cigilteach (“sensitive plant”)
* lus coise gé (“goosefoot”)
* lus croí (“heart's-ease”)
* lus cumhra (“sweet herb”)
* lus gan athair gan mháthair (“duckweed”)
* lus garbh (“goose-grass, cleavers”)
* lus gormáin (“bluebottle, cornflower”)
* lus liath (“lavender”)
* lus mhic rí Breatan (“wild thyme”)
* lus mín (“dill”)
* lus míonla (“forget-me-not”)
* lus molach (“woodruff”)
* lus mór (“foxglove”)
* lus mór na coille (“deadly nightshade, belladonna”)
* lus na bhfear beag (“heath, white, bedstraw”)
* lus na bhfrancach (“tansy”)
* lus na bó (“cucumber”)
* lus na Cásca (“pasque-flower”)
* lus na feannóige (“crowberry”)
* lus na fola (“shepherd's purse”)
* lus na gaoithe (“wood anemone”)
* lus na gcnámh (“samphire”)
* lus na gcnapán (“lesser celandine”)
* lus na gealaí (“honesty”)
* lus na gile (“sweet-william”)
* lus na gloine (“glasswort”)
* lus na gréine (“sunflower”)
* lus na hoíche (“nightshade”)
* lus na magairlí (“orchid”)
* lus na mban sí (“foxglove”)
* lus na mbanríon (“auricula”)
* lus na mbrat (“wild thyme”)
* lus na meala (“balm”)
* lus na páise (“passion-flower”)
* lus na pingine (“pennywort”)
* lus na seabhac (“hawkweed”)
* lus na seangán (“wall-pepper”)
* lus na seicne (“rupturewort”)
* lus na síochána (“yellow loosestrife”)
* lus na smáileog (“wild celery”)
* lus na súl buí (“charlock”)
* lus nathrach (“viper's bugloss”)
* lus síoda (“ragged robin”)
* lus spreagtha (“asparagus”)
* lus súch (“asparagus”)
* lus súgach (“asparagus”)
* lus tine (“fire-weed, rose-bay willow-herb”)

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 lus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 91

### Further reading

* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “lus”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “lus”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “lus”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Javanese
### Romanization

lus
* Romanization of ꦭꦸꦱ꧀

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese luz.

### Noun

lus
* light, lamp

## Lombard
### Etymology

Akin to luce, from Latin lux.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lyːz/ (Milanese)

### Noun

lus f
* light

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish lus (“plant, herb, vegetable”).

### Noun

lus m (genitive singular lus, plural lussyn)
* plant, herb
* leek
* vervain

#### Derived terms

* lus y daa ghuillag

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 lus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse lús, from Proto-Germanic *lūs, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *luHs-, *lewH-.

### Noun

lus f or m (definite singular lusa or lusen, indefinite plural lus, definite plural lusene)
* (entomology) a louse (plural lice), or a similar animal, e.g. a sea louse
* (knitting) a single stitch (if not multiple adjacent stitches forming a single-stitch-like v-shape) of a different colour from that of the surrounding fabric, used to form a knitted pattern
* (colloquial botany) a hairy seed from a rosehip
* (nautical cartography) a symbol signifying a rock awash (a cross with four dots)
* (computing) a computer bug

#### Derived terms

* avluse
* bladlus
* fattiglus
* fiskelus
* flatlus
* granbarlus
* hodelus
* kroppslus
* lakselus
* linselus
* luse
* lusefart
* lusefrø
* lusegress
* lusekam
* lusekjører
* luseknekker
* lusekofte
* luselønn
* lusen
* lusete
* lusflue
* skjoldlus
* som lus på en tjærekost
* tanglus
* ull-lus
* veggelus

### References

* “lus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “lus” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

### Anagrams

* slu

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse lús, from Proto-Germanic *lūs, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *luHs-, *lewH-.
Germanic cognates include Icelandic and Faroese lús, Danish and Swedish lus, German Laus, Dutch luis, and English louse. Wider Indo-European cognates may include some in Brythonic languages, such as Welsh llau and Breton laou.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lʉːs/

### Noun

lus f (plural lusa)
* (entomology) a louse (a small blood-sucking insect in the order Psocodea)
** 2000, Erna Osland, Hår i millionar år, Oslo: Samlaget, page 57:Godt gøymd mellom hårstråa sit lusa og syg blod frå verten sin.Well hidden between the hairs, sits the louse and sucks blood from its host.
** 1996, Sissel Solbjørg Bjugn, Lus [Lice], Oslo: Samlaget, page 24:Å finne lus i barnehår er ho vel van med.She is likely used to finding lice in child's hair.
* (entomology) a small insect that is either closely related or similar in behaviour or appearance to a true louse, e.g. sea lice
** 2008 December 11, Møre, page 10:Dette kan føre til ei oppblomstring av lus som trugar villaksen.This could lead to a bloom of sea lice, threatening the wild salmon.
* (figurative of a person) a miser; a stingy and miserly person
* (figurative of a person) someone who is poor and to be pitied; poor thing
** 1890, Per Sivle, Sogor, Bergen: Mons Litlere, page 109:Eg kom samstundes og til aa nemja som aldri fyrr, kor ufysi ho var, den Lukti av Klædi hans; og naar eg tenkte på den Lusi – uhh! so totte eg det var mest Uraad hava sovoret ved Sida.In that moment, I also came to perceive as never before how foul the smell of his clothes was. And when I thought of that poor thing – Yuck! I thought it'd been most trouble to have such by one's side.
* (knitting) a single stitch (if not multiple adjacent stitches forming a single-stitch-like v-shape) of a different colour from that of the surrounding fabric, used to form a knitted pattern
** 2013 February 28, Sulaposten, page 12:Jakka er tradisjonell kufte med lus og bordar.The jacket is a traditional cardigan with lice and borders.
* (colloquial botany) a hairy seed from a rosehip
** 1920, A. Holmsen, Naturkunnskap for folkeskulen, 4th edition, Kristiania: Cappelen, page 58:fruktemni vert til smaa neter („lus“)(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (carpentry, woodworking) a piece of wood made to fill a gap that is left open, typically as a mistake during the moulding
* (carpentry, woodworking) a dowel pin
    Synonym: dimling
* (colloquial, now rare) a crayon
* (dialectal, rare) gills on a crab
* a hairgrip

#### Synonyms

* (miser): gjerrigknark, gniar, knip, knipar, gnik, gnikar, gnaur, knark, pist, pugar, knøl
* (rose hip seed): nypefrø, kløpulver
* (computer bug): glitsj
* (crayon): teiknestift

#### Derived terms

* avluse
* bladlus
* duelus
* fattiglus
* flatlus
* gjellelus
* granbarlus
* gutelus
* hovudlus
* jentelus
* kjenne lusa på gangen
* lakselus
* linselus
* lus i magen
* luse
* lusefart
* lusefrø
* lusegras
* lusekam
* luseknekkar
* lusekufte
* lusekøyrar
* luseløn
* lusen
* lusete
* lusfluge
* lushatt
* lyske
* skjoldlus
* som ei lus på ein tjørekost
* tanglus
* tusselus
* ull-lus
* veggelus

### See also

* mus f (“mouse”) (for its morphological similarities)
* gnet f

### References

* “lus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
* “lus”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
* “lus” in Norsk teknisk ordbok, Oslo: Samlaget, 1981
* “lus” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

### Anagrams

* slu, sul, Sul

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *lūs. Compare Old High German lūs, Old Norse lús.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /luːs/

### Noun

lūs f (nominative plural lȳs)
* louse

#### Declension

Strong consonant stem:

#### Descendants

* Middle English: lous, lows, lowse
** English: louse
** Scots: louse, loose

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin lucius (“pike”).

### Noun

lus oblique singular, m (oblique plural lus, nominative singular lus, nominative plural lus)
* pike (fish)

### Further reading

* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (lus)

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *lussus (“medicinal herb, vegetable”), likely influenced by Proto-Celtic *lubā (“herb, plant”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“leaf”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [l͈us]

### Noun

lus m
* plant, herb, vegetable
* leek

#### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: lus
* Manx: lus
* Scottish Gaelic: lus

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 lus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Old Javanese
### Etymology

Unknown (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lus/
* Rhymes: -lus
* Hyphenation: lus

### Noun

lus
* smoothness, softness
* finesse
* gentleness, subtleness

#### Derived terms

* alus
* aṅalus
* aṅlus
* aṅlusi
* inalus
* kalusan
* linus
* linusan
* lus-lusan
* paṅlus

#### Descendants

* > Javanese: ꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (lus) (inherited)

### Further reading

* "lus" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

## Old Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse lús, from Proto-Germanic *lūs.

### Noun

lūs f
* louse

#### Descendants

* Swedish: lus

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Portuguese luz and Spanish luz and Kabuverdianu lus.

### Noun

lus
* light, lamp

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Greater Poland):
** (Central Greater Poland) IPA: /ˈlus/
** (Southern Greater Poland) IPA: /ˈlus/

### Noun

lus m inan
* (Central Greater Poland) Alternative form of luz (“spacious place”)
* (Southern Greater Poland, in the plural) remains after raking sheaves that are raked into heaps

### Further reading

* Oskar Kolberg (1877) “w lusy”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 19
* Oskar Kolberg (1877) “lusy”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 30

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish lus (“plant, herb, vegetable”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /l̪ˠus̪/

### Noun

lus m (genitive singular luis or lusa, plural lusan)
* plant, herb
* weed

#### Synonyms

* luibh

#### Derived terms

* lus buidhe Bealltainn
* lus dà bhliadhnail
* lus-itheach
* lus-itheadair

### Further reading

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “lus”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 lus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish lūs, from Old Norse lús, from Proto-Germanic *lūs, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *luHs-, *lewH-.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ʉːs

### Noun

lus c
* louse

#### Derived terms

* läslus (“bookworm”)

### References

* lus in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* lus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* lus in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## White Hmong
### Etymology

Possibly related to Old Chinese 語 (OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas, “word, language”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lu˩/

### Noun

lus
* words, speech

#### Derived terms

* txhais lus

### References

* Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎, SEAP Publications, →ISBN, pages 119-120.
* ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101031002604/http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/25