# 搦

| 搦 | U+6426, &#25638; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6426 |
| ← 搥 [U+6425] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 搧 → [U+6427] |

## Translingual
### Han character

搦 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 手弓一一 (QNMM), four-corner 5702$_7$, composition ⿰扌弱)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 447, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12500
* Dae Jaweon: page 798, character 13
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1938, character 8
* Unihan data for U+6426

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嫋 | *neːwʔ |
| 弱 | *njewɢ |
| 溺 | *njewɢ, *neːwɢ |
| 蒻 | *njewɢ |
| 搦 | *rneːwɢ, *rnaːwɢ |
| 愵 | *neːwɢ |

### Etymology

Cantonese 搦 (nik1) has a nasal-stop alternant in 拎 (ning1) (Kwok et al., 2008).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nuò (nuo$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nik$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): niăh
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): diah$^7$ / liah$^7$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): la̍k / lio̍k / jio̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nuò
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nuò
*** Wade–Giles: no$^4$
*** Yale: nwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuoh
*** Palladius: но (no)
*** Sinological IPA : /nu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nik$^1$
*** Yale: nīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɪk̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: niăh
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡiaʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: diah$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dia̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /tiaʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: liah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /liaʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍k
*** Tâi-lô: la̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lak
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lak̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lak̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /liɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: jio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiok
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɔk̚¹²¹/
* la̍k - (“to grasp; to rub in water; classifier; to clean”);
* lio̍k/jio̍k - (“to rub and knead; to tread on”).
* Middle Chinese: nraewk, nrwaek
Rime :
| Character | 搦 | 搦 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 覺 (10) | 陌 (114) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 女角切 | 女白切 |
| Baxter | nraewk | nrwaek |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳˠʌk̚/ | /ɳˠwæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳᵚɔk̚/ | /ɳʷᵚak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɔk̚/ | /nuak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳaɨwk̚/ | /ɳwaɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /nɔk̚/ | /nuɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /nɔk̚/ | /nwɐk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /nɔk̚/ | /nwɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nuò | nuò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nok$^6$ | nak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rneːwɢ/, /*rnaːwɢ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 搦 | 搦 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10950 | 10951 |
| Phonetic component | 弱 | 弱 |
| Rime group | 藥 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 搦 | 蹃 |
| Old Chinese | /*rneːwɢ/ | /*rnaːwɢ/ |

### Definitions

搦
* (Classical) to repress; to restrain
* (literary or Cantonese, Hokkien, Eastern Min) to grasp; to seize; to hold in the hand
    alt. forms: 攊 (Cantonese)
    搦起塊石／搦起块石 [Cantonese] ― nik$^1$ hei$^2$ faai$^3$ sek$^6$ [Jyutping] ― to pick up a rock
       gaa$^1$ ze$^{2-1}$ bong$^1$ ngo$^5$ nik$^1$ zyu$^6$ go$^3$ sau$^2$ doi$^{6-2}$. [Jyutping]
       My elder sister is holding the handbag for me.
    From: 1957, 謝賢 (actor), in 《鬼夜哭》 [The Nightly Cry of the Ghost], 5:17 from the start
    ne$^2$, nei$^5$ tung$^4$ ngo$^5$ nik$^1$ gam$^2$ di$^1$ je$^5$! [Jyutping]
    Hey, hold some of the stuff for me!
* to challenge
* to capture
* (Hokkien) to rub and knead (with five fingers togethers)
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to tread on; to step on; to trample on
    搦塗糜／搦涂糜 [Hokkien] ― lio̍k thô͘-bê [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― tread on mud
* (Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to rub in water
    搦衫褲／搦衫裤 [Hokkien] ― la̍k saⁿ-khò͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― rub clothes in water for washing
* (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for handfuls of something, such as grains, sand, soil.
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to clean; to cleanse; to wash; to tidy up

#### Synonyms

* (to hold in the hand): (Mandarin) 提 (tí), 拿 (ná)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 取 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 拿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 拿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 拿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 拿 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 拿 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 拿, 搦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 拿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 拿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 拿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 拿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 拿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 拿 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 攞, 拎, 搦 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 攞, 拎, 搦 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 拎 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 𢬿, 討 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 討 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 捰, 拎, 摣 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 攞, 拎 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 攞 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 攞 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 攞 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 攞 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 攞 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 搦 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 攞 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 拿 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 拿 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 拿 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 拿 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 拿 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 拿 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 提 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 提 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 撿 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 撿, 拿 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 搦 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 擔 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 荷, 拿 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 拿, 㨮 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 拈, 掏 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 提 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 提, 掗 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 提, 掗 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 提 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 攑 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 提, 挈 GT |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 提 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 提 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 提 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 提 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 提 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 提 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 提 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 提, 捎 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 提 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 攑, 提 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 攑, 提 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 提, 掗 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 挈 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 挈 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 挈 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 挈 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 挈, 攑 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 把 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 把 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 把 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 挈 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 拿 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 拿 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 馱, 撈, 挈 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 朵, 抯, 揹 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 拿 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified) |

#### Compounds

* 捉搦歌
* 搦戰 / 搦战 (nuòzhàn)
* 搐搦
* 搐搐搦搦
* 搦管
* 搦管操觚
* 搦翰
* 摶搦 / 抟搦

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “搦”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 148.
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “1939 抓 (～壮丁)”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 477.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: にゃく (nyaku)
* Kan-on: だく (daku)
* Kun: からめる (karameru, 搦める)、がらみ (garami, 搦み)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

搦: Hán Nôm readings: nạch
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation