# 猶

| 猶 | U+7336, &#29494; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7336 |
| ← 猵 [U+7335] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 猷 → [U+7337] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* 由 (As seen in Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion by Wang Xizhi)

### Han character

猶 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 大竹廿金田 (KHTCW), four-corner 4826$_1$, composition ⿰犭酋)

#### Derived characters

* 𮬎, 蕕(莸), 𥴕, 𫻆

#### Related characters

* 犹 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 715, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20557
* Dae Jaweon: page 1127, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1359, character 9
* Unihan data for U+7336

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 猶 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 楢 | *kʰjuʔ, *lu |
| 逎 | *ʔslu |
| 遒 | *sklu, *sɡlu |
| 蝤 | *sklu, *sɡlu |
| 揂 | *sklu |
| 酒 | *ʔsluʔ |
| 媨 | *sklus |
| 鞧 | *skʰlu |
| 緧 | *skʰlu |
| 趥 | *skʰlu, *skʰluŋs |
| 酋 | *sɡlu |
| 崷 | *sɡlu |
| 鰌 | *sɡlu |
| 煪 | *sɡlu |
| 醜 | *l̥ʰjuʔ |
| 猶 | *klus, *lu, *lus |
| 猷 | *lu |
| 輶 | *lu, *luʔ, *lus |
| 偤 | *lu |
| 莤 | *lu, *sruɡ |
| 蕕 | *lu |
| 庮 | *lu, *luʔ |
| 槱 | *luʔ, *lus |
| 梄 | *luʔ |
| 丣 | *luʔ |
| 酉 | *luʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klus, *lu, *lus): semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 酋 (OC *sɡlu) – a kind of monkey.

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Compare Burmese လို”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yóu (you$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yù
* Eastern Min (BUC): iù
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): iû / iu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iu$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yeu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yóu
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^2$
*** Yale: yóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
*** Palladius: ю (ju)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^4$
*** Yale: yàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
*** Hakka Romanization System: iu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯u¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iù
*** Sinological IPA : /ieu⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: iu$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iú
*** Sinological IPA : /iu¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû
*** Tâi-lô: iû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iuu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /iu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu
*** Tâi-lô: iu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iw
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iû
*** Sinological IPA : /iu⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yeu
*** MiniDict: yeu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɤ²³/
* Middle Chinese: yuw, kjuwH, yuwH
Rime :
| Character | 猶 | 猶 | 猶 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 見 (28) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 以周切 | 居祐切 | 余救切 |
| Baxter | yuw | kjuwH | yuwH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨu/ | /kɨu$^H$/ | /jɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiu/ | /kiu$^H$/ | /jiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iəu/ | /kiəu$^H$/ | /iəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juw/ | /kuw$^H$/ | /juw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iu/ | /kiu$^H$/ | /iu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭəu/ | /kĭəu$^H$/ | /jĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯ə̯u/ | /ki̯ə̯u$^H$/ | /i̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yóu | jiù | yòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^4$ | gau$^3$ | jau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ(r)]u/
    (Zhengzhang): /*klus/, /*lu/, /*lus/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 猶 | 猶 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yóu | yóu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yuw › | ‹ yuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ(r)]u/ | /*[ɢ(r)]u/ |
| English | still, yet | similar |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 猶 | 猶 | 猶 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 15566 | 15567 | 15580 |
| Phonetic component | 酉 | 酉 | 酉 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 救 | 猷 | 狖 |
| Old Chinese | /*klus/ | /*lu/ | /*lus/ |

#### Definitions

猶
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of monkey
* suspicious; hesitant
* (literary, in a figurative sense) to be like; to be just as
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Yǐ ruò suǒ wéi qiú ruò suǒ yù, yóu yuán mù ér qiú yú yě. [Pinyin]
    With such practice seeking for such objective: as if climbing a tree to seek for fish.
    From: c. 1068, Wang Anshi, 《興賢》, translated by Xu Yingcai
    Yǒu xián ér yòng zhī zhě, guó zhī fú yě, yǒu zhī ér bù yòng, yóu wú yǒu yě. Kě bùshèn yú? [Pinyin]
    It is indeed good fortune for a nation when there are talents and they are utilized, but they are as good as nonexistent if these talents exist but are not utilized. We could not afford not to be cautious about this!
* (literary) still; yet; as before
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Wǎng zhě bùkě jiàn, lái zhě yóu kě zhuī. [Pinyin]
    As to the past, reproof is useless; but the future may still be provided against.
    From: Tang Dynasty, 李紳 [Li Shen], 憫農 [Pitying the Farmer]
    Sìhǎi wú xián tián, nóngfū yóu èsǐ. [Pinyin]
    Not a field in the land is dormant, yet farmers still starve to death.
* Short for 猶太／犹太 (Yóutài, “Jew; Jewish”).
* Alternative form of 猷 (yóu, “plan; scheme”)
* a surname

#### Notes

Some scholars argue that the character "猶" (referring to a monkey) reflects a nature of suspicion, which is similar to the behavior of the "與" (a suspicious wild animal).

#### Compounds

* 不猶 / 不犹
* 中饋猶虛 / 中馈犹虚
* 千里猶面
* 困獸猶鬥 / 困兽犹斗
* 夷猶 / 夷犹
* 尚猶 / 尚犹
* 意猶未盡 / 意犹未尽 (yìyóuwèijìn)
* 意猶未足 / 意犹未足
* 我見猶憐 / 我见犹怜
* 敬姜猶績 / 敬姜犹绩
* 樹猶如此 / 树犹如此
* 毫不猶豫 / 毫不犹豫
* 猶且 / 犹且 (yóuqiě)
* 猶之乎 / 犹之乎
* 猶他 / 犹他 (Yóutā)
* 猶似 / 犹似 (yóusì)
* 猶原 / 犹原
* 猶可 / 犹可
* 猶古自 / 犹古自
* 猶在 / 犹在 (yóuzài)
* 猶太 / 犹太 (Yóutài)
* 猶太人 / 犹太人 (yóutàirén)
* 猶太教 / 犹太教 (Yóutàijiào)
* 猶夷 / 犹夷 (yóuyù)
* 猶如 / 犹如 (yóurú)
* 猶子 / 犹子 (yóuzǐ)
* 猶存 / 犹存
* 猶恐 / 犹恐 (yóukǒng)
* 猶是 / 犹是 (yóushì)
* 猶然 / 犹然 (yóurán)
* 猶父 / 犹父
* 猶猶 / 犹犹
* 猶疑 / 犹疑 (yóuyí)
* 猶自 / 犹自 (yóuzì)
* 猶若 / 犹若
* 猶豫 / 犹豫 (yóuyù)
* 猶豫不決 / 犹豫不决 (yóuyùbùjué)
* 猶豫多疑 / 犹豫多疑
* 猶豫未決 / 犹豫未决
* 猶閒 / 犹闲
* 猶魚得水 / 犹鱼得水
* 猶龍 / 犹龙
* 聞道猶迷 / 闻道犹迷
* 膝下猶虛 / 膝下犹虚
* 言猶在耳 / 言犹在耳 (yányóuzài'ěr)
* 記憶猶新 / 记忆犹新 (jìyìyóuxīn)
* 過猶不及 / 过犹不及 (guòyóubùjí)
* 雖敗猶榮 / 虽败犹荣 (suībàiyóuróng)
* 雖死猶生 / 虽死犹生
* 餘悸猶存 / 余悸犹存
* 鬼狐猶 / 鬼狐犹

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iáu / iá / á / áu / iah / ah
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáu
*** Tâi-lô: iáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iao
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /iau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iau⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iá
*** Tâi-lô: iá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iar
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ia⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Singapore, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: á
*** Tâi-lô: á
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ar
*** IPA (Singapore): /a⁴²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /a⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /a⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: áu
*** Tâi-lô: áu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ao
*** IPA (Xiamen): /au⁵³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iah
*** Tâi-lô: iah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iaq
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iaʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ah
*** Tâi-lô: ah
*** Phofsit Daibuun: aq
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /aʔ³²/

#### Definitions

猶
* (Hokkien) still; yet
    伊猶咧睏。／伊犹咧困。 [Hokkien] ― I iáu teh khùn. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― He is still sleeping.

#### Compounds

* 猶是 / 犹是 (yóushì)
* 猶有 / 犹有 (yóuyǒu)
* 猶未 / 犹未 (iáu-bōe)
* 猶毋過 / 犹毋过
* 猶閣 / 犹阁

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 猶, 尚 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 還, 仍, 尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 還 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 還 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 還 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 還 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 還 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 還 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 重, 還 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 閒 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 成 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 重 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 重 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 重 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 淨, 重 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 鄭 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 重 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 鄭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 還 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 重 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 重 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 重 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 重 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 重 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 淨 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 重 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 還 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 還 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 還 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 重 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 還 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 還 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 還 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 還 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 還 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 還 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 還 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 猶 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 還 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 還 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 還 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 還 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 還 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 固, 唵 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 固 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 固 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 還 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 閣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 猶, 猶閣, 閣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 還 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 還 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 還 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 還 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 還 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 仲 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 重 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 還 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 還 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 還 |
| Wu | Danyang | 還 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 還 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 還 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 還 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 還 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 還 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 還 |

### References

* “猶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “犹”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 289.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 猶 |
| Kyūjitai | 猶󠄂 猶+&#xE0102; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 猶󠄄 猶+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* still

#### Readings

* Go-on: ゆ (yu)
* Kan-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)
* Kun: さる (saru, 猶)、なお (nao, 猶)、なお…ごとし (nao…gotoshi, 猶…ごとし)、なお (nao, 猶お)、より (yori, 猶り)
* Nanori: さね (sane)、なお (nao)、のり (nori)、みち (michi)、より (yori)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 猶
* なお Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 猶 – see the following entry. :
| 【なお】 | [adverb] furthermore, in addition [adverb] still, as always [adverb] even more [conjunction] moreover, furthermore, in addition, note that Alternative spellings 尚, 尚お |
(This term, 猶, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ “猶”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ “猶”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

猶 (eum 유 (yu))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

猶: Hán Nôm readings: do
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.