# 闡

| 闡 | U+95E1, &#38369; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95E1 |
| ← 闠 [U+95E0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 闢 → [U+95E2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

闡 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+12, 20 strokes, cangjie input 日弓口口十 (ANRRJ), four-corner 7750$_6$, composition ⿵門單)
* explain, clarify, elucidate

#### Derived characters

* 𢺛, 灛, 𤓙, 𥸍

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1342, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41489
* Dae Jaweon: page 1846, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4318, character 10
* Unihan data for U+95E1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 闡
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 嚲 | *taːlʔ |
| 癉 | *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn |
| 奲 | *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ |
| 驒 | *daːl, *daːn, *teːn |
| 鼉 | *daːl |
| 磾 | *teːl |
| 鷤 | *deːl, *deːls, *daːn |
| 觶 | *tjal, *tjals |
| 單 | *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans |
| 鄲 | *taːn |
| 殫 | *taːn |
| 簞 | *taːn |
| 匰 | *taːn |
| 襌 | *taːn |
| 彈 | *daːn, *daːns |
| 貚 | *daːn, *deːn |
| 撣 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ |
| 潬 | *daːnʔ |
| 僤 | *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan |
| 憚 | *daːns |
| 樿 | *tjanʔ |
| 燀 | *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ |
| 戰 | *tjans |
| 闡 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 繟 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 幝 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 嘽 | *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ |
| 灛 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 蟬 | *djan |
| 禪 | *djan, *djans |
| 嬋 | *djan |
| 墠 | *djanʔ |
| 鱓 | *djanʔ |
| 蕇 | *teːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰjanʔ): semantic 門 (“double door”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chǎn (chan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cin$^2$ / zin$^2$ / sin$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhián / chhán
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^3$
*** Yale: chǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaan
*** Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cin$^2$ / zin$^2$ / sin$^6$
*** Yale: chín / jín / sihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsin$^2$ / dzin$^2$ / sin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qin$^2$ / jin$^2$ / xin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiːn³⁵/, /t͡siːn³⁵/, /siːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhián
*** Tâi-lô: tshián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiern
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhán
*** Tâi-lô: tshán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zharn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰan⁵³/
* chhián - literary;
* chhán - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsyhenX
Rime :
| Character | 闡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 昌善切 |
| Baxter | tsyhenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰiᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰjæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cin$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjanʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 闡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2021 |
| Phonetic component | 單 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 闡 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰjanʔ/ |

### Definitions

闡
* (literary) to open; to open up
* (literary) to expand; to extend
* (literary, or in compounds) to reveal; to promote; to elucidate
* Alternative form of 繟 / 𦈎, used in 闡緩／阐缓.
* Alternative form of 𨼒 (Chǎn)
* Alternative form of 灛 (chǎn)

#### Compounds

* 一闡提 / 一阐提 (yīchántí)
* 闓闡 / 闿阐
* 闡士 / 阐士
* 闡幽 / 阐幽
* 闡微 / 阐微
* 闡揚 / 阐扬 (chǎnyáng)
* 闡明 / 阐明 (chǎnmíng)
* 闡發 / 阐发 (chǎnfā)
* 闡究 / 阐究
* 闡緩 / 阐缓
* 闡論 / 阐论 (chǎnlùn)
* 闡述 / 阐述 (chǎnshù)
* 闡釋 / 阐释 (chǎnshì)
* 音韻闡微 / 音韵阐微

### References

* “闡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “闡”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04399

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* clarify
* kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit

#### Readings

* Go-on: せん (sen)
* Kan-on: せん (sen)
* Kun: ひらく (hiraku, 闡く)、みちる (michiru, 闡る)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)

#### Compounds

* 闡明(せんめい) (senmei)
* 闡揚(せんよう) (sen'yō)
* 一闡提(いっせんだい) (issendai), 闡提(せんだい) (sendai)

## Korean
### Hanja

闡 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

闡: Hán Nôm readings: xiển, xén, sởn, xển, xèng, siển, xẻn, xởn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.