# 簪

| 簪 | U+7C2A, &#31786; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C2A |
| ← 簩 [U+7C29] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 簫 → [U+7C2B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

簪 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹一山日 (HMUA), four-corner 8860$_1$, composition ⿱𥫗朁)

#### Derived characters

* 𡅎 𢹽 𣠱 𨇸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 900, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26558
* Dae Jaweon: page 1326, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3014, character 7
* Unihan data for U+7C2A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 簪
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 簪 | *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm |
| 撍 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːmʔ, *ʔsluːms, *ʔsrum |
| 鐕 | *ʔsluːm |
| 憯 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰlɯːmʔ |
| 噆 | *sʰluːmʔ, *ʔsluːb |
| 朁 | *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam |
| 蠶 | *zluːm |
| 蚕 | *zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ |
| 糣 | *sluːmʔ |
| 熸 | *ʔslom |
| 鬵 | *zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm |
| 灊 | *zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm |
| 潛 | *zlom, *zloms |
| 僭 | *ʔslɯːms |
| 兓 | *sl'ɯm |
| 嶜 | *zlum |
| 兂 | *ʔsrɯm |
| 譖 | *ʔsrums |

### Etymology

Compare perhaps 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums, “needle”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zān, zēn (zan$^1$, zen$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄢ, ㄗㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): châm
    (Hailu, HRS): zam$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): căng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zang$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cham / chiam / chim
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zam$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tsoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zān
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zan
*** Wade–Giles: tsan$^1$
*** Yale: dzān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzan
*** Palladius: цзань (czanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sän⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zen
*** Wade–Giles: tsên$^1$
*** Yale: dzēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzen
*** Palladius: цзэнь (czɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaam$^1$
*** Yale: jāam
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saːm⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châm
*** Hakka Romanization System: zam$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zam$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sam²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: zam$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sam⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: căng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zang$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cham
*** Tâi-lô: tsam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zafm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sam⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
*** Tâi-lô: tsiam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
*** Tâi-lô: tsim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cym
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
* cham/chiam - vernacular;
* chim - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tsrim, tsom
Rime :
| Character | 簪 | 簪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 側吟切 | 作含切 |
| Baxter | tsrim | tsom |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃˠiɪm/ | /t͡sʌm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂᵚim/ | /t͡səm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃiem/ | /t͡sɒm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂjim/ | /t͡səm/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃjəm/ | /t͡sᴀm/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃĭĕm/ | /t͡sɒm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂi̯əm/ | /t͡săm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhēn | zān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zam$^1$ | zaam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.tsˤ[ə]m/, /*tsr[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːm/, /*ʔsrɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 簪 | 簪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zān | zān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsom › | ‹ tsrim › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.tsˁ[ə]m/ | /*tsr[ə]m/ |
| English | hairpin | hairpin |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 簪 | 簪 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6694 | 6721 |
| Phonetic component | 兓 | 兓 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 簪 | 旡 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsɯːm/ | /*ʔsrɯm/ |
| Notes | | 說文同兂俗體 |

### Definitions

簪
* hairpin; clasp
* to wear in one's hair

### Compounds

* 刈蓍遺簪 / 刈蓍遗簪
* 墮珥遺簪 / 堕珥遗簪
* 戶列簪纓 / 户列簪缨
* 扁簪
* 投簪
* 抽簪
* 持橐簪筆 / 持橐簪笔
* 插頭簪 / 插头簪
* 木簪
* 玉簪
* 瓶墜簪折 / 瓶坠簪折
* 盍簪
* 碧玉簪
* 竊簪之臣 / 窃簪之臣
* 簪子 (zānzi)
* 簪珥
* 簪笏
* 簪筆 / 簪笔
* 簪筆磬折 / 簪笔磬折
* 簪簪
* 簪紱 / 簪绂
* 簪組 / 簪组
* 簪纓 / 簪缨
* 簪纓世胄 / 簪缨世胄
* 簪纓縉紳 / 簪缨缙绅
* 簪纓門第 / 簪缨门第
* 簪花
* 缾沉簪折 / 瓶沉簪折
* 美女簪花
* 華簪 / 华簪
* 蓍簪不忘
* 衣簪
* 遺簪墮履 / 遗簪堕履
* 遺簪墜屨 / 遗簪坠屦
* 金簪
* 銀簪 / 银簪
* 頭髮簪 / 头发簪
* 髮簪 / 发簪 (fàzān)
* 鳳簪 / 凤簪

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* ornamental hairpin

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin)、そん (son)
* Kan-on: さん (san)、しん (shin)
* Kun: かんざし (kanzashi, 簪)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 簪
* かんざし Hyōgai
* Alternative spellings
* 髪挿 鈿 釵
/kamusaɕi/ → /kanzaɕi/
Originally a compound of 髪 (kamu, “hair, hair of the head”, Old Japanese combining form) +‎ 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through (something that sticks through)”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 挿す sasu “to stick through, to insert”). The sashi changes to zashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かんざし [kàńzáshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kã̠nd͡za̠ɕi]

### Noun

簪(かんざし) • (kanzashi)
* a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles

#### Usage notes

This is most commonly spelled in kanji as 簪 or in kana as かんざし.
The alternative kanji spellings are attested, but seldom used in modern Japanese.

#### Derived terms

* 雛(ヒナ)の簪(カンザシ) (hinanokanzashi)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

簪 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

簪: Hán Nôm readings: trâm, trám, trắm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.