# στῦλος
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

Perhaps from some extension, likely *sth₂-u-lo-s, of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”); compare στῡ́ω (stū́ō, “to make stiff”). See also Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰuHnáH (“column, pillar”), Albanian shtyllë, Lithuanian stulpas (“pillar”), Russian столб (stolb), Bulgarian стълб (stǎlb).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /stŷː.los/ → /ˈsty.los/ → /ˈsti.los/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /stŷː.los/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈsty.los/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈsty.los/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈsty.los/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈsti.los/

### Noun

στῦλος • (stûlos) m (genitive στῡ́λου); second declension
* pillar, column, support
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.169.5:παστὰς λιθίνη μεγάλη καὶ ἠσκημένη στύλοισι τε φοίνικας τὰ δένδρεαpastàs lithínē megálē kaì ēskēménē stúloisi te phoínikas tà déndreait is a great colonnade of stone, richly adorned, the pillars made in the form of palm trees
** New Testament, Revelation 10:1:καὶ οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ ὡς στύλοι πυρόςkaì hoi pódes autoû hōs stúloi puróshis feet like pillars of fire
** wooden pole
*** 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.22.4:στῦλος ἐν πρώρρᾳ στρογγύλος εἱστήκειstûlos en prṓrrhāi strongúlos heistḗkeia round pole was placed in the prow
** stile

#### Derived terms

* ᾰ̓ραιόστῡλος (ăraióstūlos)
* ᾰ̓́στῡλος (ắstūlos)
* δεκάστῡλος (dekástūlos)
* δῐᾰ́στῡλος (dĭắstūlos)
* δωδεκάστῡλος (dōdekástūlos)
* ἑκᾰτοντάστῡλος (hekătontástūlos)
* ἑξάστῡλος (hexástūlos)
* ἐπῐστῡ́λῐον (epĭstū́lĭon)
* εὔστῡλος (eústūlos)
* μεσοστῡ́λῐον (mesostū́lĭon)
* μετᾰστῡ́λῐον (metăstū́lĭon)
* ὀκτάστῡλος (oktástūlos)
* περίστυλον (perístulon)
* περῐ́στῡλος (perĭ́stūlos)
* πολύστῡλος (polústūlos)
* πρόστῡλος (próstūlos)
* πυκνόστῡλος (puknóstūlos)
* στῡλᾰ́ρῐον (stūlắrĭon)
* στῡλῐ́δῐον (stūlĭ́dĭon)
* στῡλῐ́ς (stūlĭ́s)
* στῡλῐ́σκος (stūlĭ́skos)
* στῡλῑ́της (stūlī́tēs)
* στῡλοβᾰ́της (stūlobắtēs)
* στῡλογλῠ́φος (stūloglŭ́phos)
* στῡλοειδής (stūloeidḗs)
* στῡλοπῐνᾰ́κιον (stūlopĭnắkion)
* στῡλόω (stūlóō)
* τετράστῡλος (tetrástūlos)
* ῠ̔πόστῡλος (hŭpóstūlos)

#### Descendants

* Byzantine Greek: στῦλος (stûlos)
** →? Albanian: shtyllë
** →? Aromanian: stur
** →? Romanian: stur
* → Coptic: ⲥⲧⲟⲩⲗⲗⲟⲩⲥ (stoullous)
* →⇒ English: pygostyle (learned)

### See also

* κῑ́ων (kī́ōn, “column,pillar”);
* στοᾱ́ (stoā́, “colonnade, portio, arcade”)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στῦλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1417

### Further reading

* “στῦλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* στῦλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* G4769 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. column idem, page 144.pillar idem, page 613.post idem, page 629.prop idem, page 653.stay idem, page 813.support idem, page 841.
* BDAG
* στῦλος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011