# उत्तर
## Hindi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उत्तर (uttara).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /ʊt̪.t̪əɾ/, [ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐɾ], /uːt̪.t̪əɾ/, [uːt̪̚.t̪ɐɾ]

### Noun

उत्तर • (uttar) m (Urdu spelling اُتر)
* reply, answer
    Synonym: जवाब (javāb)
    इस उत्तर ने हमें निराश कर दिया।is uttar ne hamẽ nirāś kar diyā.This reply disappointed us.
* north (cardinal direction)

#### Coordinate terms

compass points:
| पश्चिमोत्तर (paścimottar) | उत्तर (uttar) | पूर्वोत्तर (pūrvottar) |
| पश्चिम (paścim) | | पूर्व (pūrv) |
| दक्षिण-पश्चिम (dakṣiṇ-paścim) | दक्षिण (dakṣiṇ) | दक्षिण-पूर्व (dakṣiṇ-pūrv) |

### Adjective

उत्तर • (uttar) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling اُتر)
* north, northern
    Antonym: दक्षिण (dakṣiṇ)
    वह उत्तर-पूर्व एशिया जाना चाहता है।vah uttar-pūrv eśiyā jānā cāhtā hai.He wants to go to north-east Asia.
* (in compounds) following, after, subsequent

#### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “उत्तर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
* Bahri, Hardev (1989) “उत्तर”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

## Konkani
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उत्तर (uttara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [utːəɾ]

### Noun

उत्तर • (uttar) (Latin script uttor, Kannada script ಉತ್ತರ್)
* north

### See also

Template:list:compass points/kok

### References

* Pushpak Bhattacharyya (2017) IndoWordNet‎

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उत्तर (uttara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ut̪.t̪əɾ/

### Adjective

उत्तर • (uttar)
* northern

### Noun

उत्तर • (uttar) f
* north

### Noun

उत्तर • (uttar) n
* answer, reply

#### Declension
### See also

* प्रश्न (praśna, “question”)

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “उत्तर”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

## Nepali
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उत्तर (uttara).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ut̪̚t̪ʌr]
* Phonetic Devanagari: उत्तर्

### Noun

उत्तर • (uttar)
* north
* answer, reply
    उत्तर-कापी ― uttar-kāpī ― answer-sheet
* argument

### Further reading

* “उत्तर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
* Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “उत्तर”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* uttara (Latin script)
* 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* উত্তর (Bengali script)
* උත‍්තර (Sinhalese script)
* ဥတ္တရ or ဢုတ္တရ or ဢုတ်တရ (Burmese script)
* อุตฺตร or อุตตะระ (Thai script)
* ᩏᨲ᩠ᨲᩁ (Tai Tham script)
* ອຸຕ຺ຕຣ or ອຸຕຕະຣະ (Lao script)
* ឧត្តរ (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄪𑄖𑄴𑄖𑄢 (Chakma script)

### Adjective

उत्तर
* Devanagari script form of uttara

#### Declension
### Noun

उत्तर n
* Devanagari script form of uttara

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* উত্তৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬉᬢ᭄ᬢᬭ (Balinese script)
* উত্তর (Bengali script)
* 𑰄𑰝𑰿𑰝𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* ဥတ္တရ (Burmese script)
* ઉત્તર (Gujarati script)
* ਉਤ੍ਤਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌉𑌤𑍍𑌤𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦈꦠ꧀ꦠꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂇𑂞𑂹𑂞𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಉತ್ತರ (Kannada script)
* ឧត្តរ (Khmer script)
* ອຸຕ຺ຕຣ (Lao script)
* ഉത്തര (Malayalam script)
* ᡠᢠᢠᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘄𑘝𑘿𑘝𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᠤᢐᢐᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦤𑦽𑧠𑦽𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐄𑐟𑑂𑐟𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଉତ୍ତର (Odia script)
* ꢆꢡ꣄ꢡꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆇𑆠𑇀𑆠𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖄𑖝𑖿𑖝𑖨 (Siddham script)
* උත‍්තර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩒𑩫 𑪙𑩫𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚄𑚙𑚶𑚙𑚤 (Takri script)
* உத்தர (Tamil script)
* ఉత్తర (Telugu script)
* อุตฺตร (Thai script)
* ཨུ་ཏྟ་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒅𑒞𑓂𑒞𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨃𑨙𑩇𑨙𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /út.tɐ.ɾɐ/, [út̚.tɐ.ɾɐ]
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ut̪.t̪ɐ.ɾɐ/, [ut̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾɐ]

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *útˢtaras, from Proto-Indo-European *údteros (“higher; later”). Equivalent to उद्- (ud-) +‎ -तर (-tara). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὕστερος (hústeros, “latter”), Pashto استرۍ (ustərai).

#### Adjective

उत्तर • (úttara) stem
* upper, higher, loftier
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.50.10:उद्व॒यं तम॑स॒स्परि॒ ज्योति॒ष्पश्य॑न्त॒ उत्त॑रम्। दे॒वं दे॑व॒त्रा सूर्य॒मग॑न्म॒ ज्योति॑रुत्त॒मम्॥údvayáṃ támasaspári jyótiṣpáśyanta úttaram. deváṃ devatrā́ sū́ryamáganma jyótiruttamám.Looking upon the loftier light above the darkness we have come To Sūrya, God among the Gods, the light that is most excellent.
* better, superior
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.86.11:इ॒न्द्रा॒णीमा॒सु नारि॑षु सु॒भगा॑म॒हम॑श्रवम्। न॒ह्य॑स्या अप॒रं च॒न ज॒रसा॒ मर॑ते॒ पति॒र्विश्व॑स्मा॒दिन्द्र॒ उत्त॑रः॥indrāṇī́māsú nā́riṣu subhágāmahámaśravam. nahyàsyā aparáṃ caná jarásā márate pátirvíśvasmādíndra úttaraḥ.So I have heard Indrāṇī being called most fortunate among these women, For never shall her Consort die in future time through length of days. Superior is Indra to all.
* later, subsequent, following, latter
* north direction

##### Usage notes

While using the term in sense of "better", always ablative case is used for the term which is better than something.

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

##### Coordinate terms

compass points:
| पश्चिमोत्तर (paścimottara) | उत्तर (uttara) | ईशान (īśāna) |
| पश्चिम (paścima) | | पूर्व (pūrva) |
| दक्षिणपश्चिम (dakṣiṇapaścima) | दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa) | दक्षिणपूर्व (dakṣiṇapūrva) |

#### Noun

उत्तर • (úttara) stem, n
* "subsequent speech", an answer, reply

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic

##### Descendants

* Bengali: উত্তর (uttor)
* → Hindi: उत्तर (uttar)
* → Kannada: ಉತ್ತರ (uttara)
* → Malay: utara, utară (1924-1972)
** → Indonesian: utara
* → Malayalam: ഉത്തര (uttara)
* → Marathi: उत्तर (uttar)
* Pali: uttara
** → Burmese: ဥတ္တရ (utta.ra.)
** → Khmer: ឧត្តរ (ʼutdɑɑ)
*** → Vietnamese: ốt đo
** → Thai: อุดร (ù-dɔɔn)
* → Punjabi: ਉੱਤਰ (uttar)
* Rohingya: uttor, utor
* Helu Prakrit: 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭 (uttara)
** Dhivehi: އުތުރު (uturu)
* → Tamil: உத்தரவு (uttaravu)

### Etymology 2

उद्- (ud-, “over, above”) +‎ तॄ (tṝ, “to cross”).

#### Adjective

उत्तर • (úttara) stem
* crossing over
* to be crossed

##### Declension

* ¹Vedic
* ¹Vedic
* ²Brāhmaṇas
* ¹Vedic

### References

* ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 213
* 1 2 Monier Williams (1899) “Út-tara”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 179/2.