# सिंह
## Hindi
### Alternative forms

* सिंघ (siṅgh)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃha).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /sɪŋɡʱ/, [sɪ̃ŋɡʱ]

### Noun

सिंह • (siṅh) m (feminine सिंहनी, Urdu spelling سنہ)
* lion
* (astronomy) The constellation Leo
* (astrology) A Leo

#### Synonyms

* शेर (śer)

### Further reading

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सिंह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 1012
* Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “सिंह”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 5105

## Marathi
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /siu.ɦə/
* Hyphenation: सिं‧ह

### Noun

सिंह • (siuha) m
* the lion
* (astrology) the zodiacal sign Leo or its lagna
* hero, eminent person

#### Declension
### See also

Zodiac signs in Marathi · रास (rās) (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣ) | वृषभ (vruṣabh) | मिथुन (mithun) | कर्क (karka) |
| सिंह (siuha) | कन्या (kanyā) | तूळ (tūḷ) | वृश्चिक (vruścik) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makar) | कुंभ (kumbha) | मीन (mīn) |

## Nepali
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃha).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [siŋɦʌ], [sĩɦʌ]
* Phonetic Devanagari: सिङ्ह, or सिंहअ

### Noun

सिंह • (siṅha)
* lion
* (astronomy) The constellation Leo
* (astrology) A Leo

### See also

Zodiac signs in Nepali · राशि (rāśi) (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣ) | वृष (vr̥ṣ) | मिथुन (mithuna) | कर्कट (karkaṭ) |
| सिंह (siṅha) | कन्या (kanyā) | तुला (tulā) | वृश्चिक (vr̥ścik) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makar) | कुम्भ (kumbha) | मीन (mīna) |

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* সিংহ (Assamese script)
* ᬲᬶᬂᬳ (Balinese script)
* সিংহ (Bengali script)
* 𑰭𑰰𑰽𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳 (Brahmi script)
* သိံဟ (Burmese script)
* સિંહ (Gujarati script)
* ਸਿਂਹ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌸𑌿𑌂𑌹 (Grantha script)
* ꦱꦶꦁꦲ (Javanese script)
* 𑂮𑂱𑂁𑂯 (Kaithi script)
* ಸಿಂಹ (Kannada script)
* សិំហ (Khmer script)
* ສິໍຫ (Lao script)
* സിംഹ (Malayalam script)
* ᢀ᠋ᠰ᠌ᡳᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘭𑘱𑘽𑘮 (Modi script)
* ᢀ᠋ᠰᠢᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧍𑧒𑧞𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐳𑐶𑑄𑐴 (Newa script)
* ସିଂହ (Odia script)
* ꢱꢶꢀꢲ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆱𑆴𑆁𑆲 (Sharada script)
* 𑖭𑖰𑖽𑖮 (Siddham script)
* සිංහ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪁𑩑𑪖𑪂 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚨𑚮𑚫𑚩 (Takri script)
* ஸிஂஹ (Tamil script)
* సింహ (Telugu script)
* สิํห (Thai script)
* སིཾ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒮𑒱𑓀𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨰𑨁𑨸𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sinźʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sinȷ́ʰás, from dialectal Proto-Indo-European *sinǵʰós, ultimately a borrowing from a Central Asian substrate language. Cognate with Old Armenian ինձ (inj).

### Pronunciation

* (Rigveda) IPA: /sin.ɦɐ́/, /sĩ.ɦɐ́/
* (Yajurveda chanting) IPA: /si.ɡm̩.ɦɐ́/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /s̪ĩ.ɦɐ/

### Noun

सिंह • (siṃhá) stem, m
* lion
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.83.3:र॒थीव॒ कश॒याश्वाँ॑ अभिक्षि॒पन्ना॒विर्दू॒तान्कृ॑णुते व॒र्ष्याँ॒३॒॑ अह॑ । दू॒रात्सिं॒हस्य॑ स्त॒नथा॒ उदी॑रते॒ यत्प॒र्जन्यः॑ कृणु॒ते व॒र्ष्यं१॒॑ नभः॑ ॥rathī́va káśayā́śvām̐ abhikṣipánnāvírdūtā́nkṛṇute varṣyā̀m̐ áha. dūrā́tsiṃhásya stanáthā údīrate yátparjányaḥ kṛṇuté varṣyàṃ nábhaḥ.Like a car-driver whipping on his horses, he makes the messengers of rain spring forward. The roaring of the lion resounds from far when Parjanya fills the sky with rain-cloud.
* (astrology) the zodiacal sign Leo or its lagna
* hero, eminent person
* a particular form of temple
* a particular place prepared for the building of a house
* a Moringa with red flowers
* (music) a kind of tune
* the symbol or emblem of the 24th arhat of the present avasarpini

#### Declension

* ¹Vedic

#### Derived terms

* सिंहकेसर (siṃhakesara)
* सिंहदंष्ट्र (siṃhadaṃṣṭra)
* सिंहद्वार (siṃhadvāra)
* सिंहपुर (siṃhapura)
* सिंहबल (siṃhabala)
* सिंहवाहिनी (siṃhavāhinī)
* सिंहाचल (siṃhācala)
* सिंहावलोकन (siṃhāvalokana)
* सिंहासन (siṃhāsana)
* सिंहास्य (siṃhāsya)
* सिंहिका (siṃhikā)

#### Descendants

* Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀻𑀳 (sīha)
* Kashmiri: सॖह (sụh)
* Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀰𑀺𑀁𑀳 (śiṃha)
* Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀻𑀳 (sīha), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀖 (siṃgha), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳 (siṃha)
* Pali: sīha
** → Burmese: သိဟ် (sih), သီဟ (siha.) (learned)
** → Khmer: សីហា (səyhaa), សីហៈ (səyhaʼ) (learned)
** → Shan: သီႇႁႃႉ (sìi hâ̰a) (learned)
** → Thai: สีห์ (sǐi), สีหะ (learned)
* Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀖 (siṃgha)
** Old Hindi:
*** Hindi: सिंघ (siṅgh), سنگھ (siṅgh)
** Punjabi: ਸਿੰਘ (siṅgh)
* → Assamese: সিংহ (xiṅho)
** → Karbi: hingho
** → Mising: ইংগ (iṅgo)
* → Bengali: সিংহ (śiṅho)
** → Kokborok: singho
** → Garo: singho
* → Bhojpuri: सिंह (sinh)
* → Bishnupriya Manipuri: সিংহ
* → Gondi: చిహొ (ciho)
* → Gujarati: સિંહ (sĩh)
* → Hindi: सिंह (sĩh), سنہ (siṅh)
* → Kannada: ಸಿಂಹ (siṃha)
* → Lao: ສິງ (sing)
* → Lü: ᦉᦲᧂ (ṡiing)
* → Classical Malay: [Term?]
** Malay: singa
*** → Bau Bidayuh: singa
*** → Central Melanau: singa
*** > Indonesian: singa (inherited)
**** → Nalca: singa
*** → Maranao: singa
* → Malayalam: സിംഹം (siṁhaṁ), ചിങ്ങം (ciṅṅaṁ)
** → Malavedan: ചിമുകം (cimukaṁ)
* → Marathi: सिंह (siuha)
* → Nepali: सिंह (siṅha)
* → Old Javanese: [script needed] (siṅha)
** Javanese: ꦱꦶꦔ (singa)
** → Sundanese: ᮞᮤᮍ (singa)
* → Old Khmer: សិង្ហ (siṅha), សិង៑ (siṅ)
** Khmer: សិង្ហ (sənghɑɑ), សឹង្ហ (səng)
* → Odia: ସିଂହ (siṁha)
* → Sinhalese: සිංහයා (siṁhayā)
* → Tamil: சிங்கம் (ciṅkam), சிம்மம் (cimmam), சிம்ஹம் (cimham)
* → Telugu: సింహము (siṁhamu)
* → Thai: สิงห์ (sǐng)
* → Tibetan: སེངྒེ (sengge)
* → Tulu: ಸಿಂಹ (siṃha)

### See also

Zodiac signs in Sanskrit · राशिचक्र (rāśicakra) (layout · text) :
| मेष (meṣa) | वृषभ (vṛṣabha) | मिथुन (mithuna) | कर्कटक (karkaṭaka) |
| सिंह (siṃha) | कन्या (kanyā) | तुला (tulā) | वृश्चिक (vṛścika) |
| धनु (dhanu) | मकर (makara) | कुम्भ (kumbha) | मीन (mīna) |

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “सिंह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1213, column 1.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 727