# bó
## Ghomala'
### Particle

bó (Contraction of bə́ wə́.)
* Marker of the Progressive aspect (with a focus on effort).
    Synonyms: bə́ pə́, wə́, sí
    Gaə̌ bó fá'. ― I am working.

#### See also

* bə́
* pə́
* sí
* wə́

### References

* Erika Eichholzer (editor) et al, Dictionnaire ghomala’ (2002)
* K'ayyang Foba Maï, Processus de grammaticalisation en Ghomala’ (2021)

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish bó, from Proto-Celtic *bāus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

### Pronunciation

* (Munster, Connacht) IPA: /bˠoː/
* (Ulster) IPA: /bˠɔː/

### Noun

bó f (genitive singular bó, nominative plural ba)
* cow

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
bó
ba
vocative
a bhó
a bha
genitive
bó
bó
dative
bó boin (archaic, dialectal)
ba
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an bhó
na ba
genitive
na bó
na mbó
dative
leis an mbó leis an mboin (archaic, dialectal) don bhó don bhoin (archaic, dialectal)
leis na ba :
* Alternative dative singular: buin

#### Derived terms

* bó na nGarbhchríoch
* bó shamhraidh
* bó-aire
* bolgach bó
* buachaill bó

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 174, page 88
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 191, page 73

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bó”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bó”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bó”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “bó”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Mandarin
### Alternative forms

* bo — nonstandard

### Romanization

bó (bo$^2$, Zhuyin ㄅㄛˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 亳
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 伯
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 佤
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 侼
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 僰
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 勃
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 博
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嚗
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 壆
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 孛
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嶏
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 帛
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 悍
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 愽 / 博
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 懪
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 拍
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 挬
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 搏
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 敀
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 暡
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 曐
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 柏
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 栢
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 桲
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 欂
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 泊
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 泺
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 浡
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 渤
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 溡 / 𪶄
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 濼 / 泺
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瀐
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 煿
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 爀
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 牔
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 犥
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 犻
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 猼
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瓋
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瓝
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 白
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 百
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 礴
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 箔
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 簙
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 簿
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 糪
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 胉
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 脖
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 膊
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 舶
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 艊
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 艳
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 苩
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 苼
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 荸
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 菒
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 菦
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 葧
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蒰
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蔔 / 卜
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蕂
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 薄
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 薜
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 袯
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 襏 / 袯
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 襮
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 誖
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 謈
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 豰
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 跑
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 踄
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 踣
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 郣
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鈸 / 钹
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鉑 / 铂
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鋍 / 𰾀
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鎛 / 镈
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鑮 / 𬮁
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 钸
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 铂
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 雸
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 餑 / 饽
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 餺 / 馎
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 饽
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 馎
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 馞
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 駁 / 驳
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 駮 / 驳
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 驳
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 髆
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 魂
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鮊 / 鲌
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鲌
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鵓 / 鹁
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鹁
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㑟
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 㔜
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𩱚

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bāus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /boː/

### Noun

bó f (genitive bóu or bó, nominative plural baí)
* ox, cow

#### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: bó
* Manx: booa
* Scottish Gaelic: bó, bò

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bó”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /poː/

### Noun

bó f
* Superseded spelling of bò.

#### Declension

| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | bó | bà |
| Genitive | bà or boin | bó |
| Dative | boin or bó | bà |
| Vocative | a bhó! | |

## Tày
### Alternative forms

* pó

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tai *ɓoːᴮ. Cognate with Northern Thai ᨷᩬᩴ᩵, Lao ບໍ່ (bǭ), Lü ᦢᦸᧈ (ḃoa¹), Tai Dón ꪚꪮꫀ, Shan မေႃႇ (màu) or ဝေႃႇ (wàu), Tai Nüa ᥛᥨᥝᥱ (mǒw), Phake မေႃ (mō), Ahom 𑜈𑜦𑜨𑜡 (beoā) or 𑜉𑜦𑜨𑜡 (meoā), Zhuang mboq, Thai บ่อ (bɔ̀ɔ).

### Noun

(Classifier: ăn) bó (㳍)
* water source
    bó bủn ― geyser
    háp nặm tó bó ― to carry water back to its source
* mine
    bó hích ― tin mine
    au bó ― to do mining
* pit; well
    bó nặm ― water well

#### Derived terms

* slắc bó

### References

* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
* Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎ (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *pɔːʔ. Cognate with Nguôn pỏ, Arem pɑːˀ.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɓɔ˧˦]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɓɔ˨˩˦]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɓɔ˦˥]
* Audio (Saigon):(file)

### Verb

bó • (咘, 抪, 補, 𣔩, 𥿠)
* to pack, press

#### Derived terms

* băng bó
* bó buộc
* bó gối
* bó tay
* gắn bó
* gò bó

### Noun

(classifier cái) bó • (咘, 抪, 補, 𣔩, 𥿠)
* pack, bundle
    Bó hoa ― Bouquet