# ned
## English
### Etymology

Unknown. The suggested initialism from "non-educated delinquent" is a backronym and folk etymology. Several other suggestions include a contraction of ne'er-do-well, neanderthal, or some kind of relationship with Teddy Boy although its use much predates the 1950s origin of that phrase. Ostensibly unrelated to "Ned" as a diminutive of the personal name "Edward" but the Scottish use of 'ned' for hooligan or lout is cited by the Oxford English Dictionary as dating from the early 19th century. The OED also attributes a possible derivation from the 'Edward' diminutive.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɛd/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛd

### Noun

ned (plural neds)
* (Scotland, slang, derogatory, offensive) A person, usually a youth, of low social standing and education, a violent disposition and with a particular style of dress (typically sportswear or Burberry), speech and behaviour.
** 2007 (Scotland), RecordView in Daily Record, 14 Feb 07, Scottish Daily Record and Sunday Mail, p. 8:
    The mindless behaviour of drunken neds and nuisance neighbours brings misery to tens of thousands of honest folk.
** 2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 28:You could live in a place for twenty years, you could clean up its streets and lock up its neds.

#### Synonyms

* chav (England)
* charva (Northeast England)
* scally (Northern England)
* scanger (Dublin/Ireland)
* schemie (Scotland)
* Senga (Scotland)
* yob, yobbo (England, Australia)
* spide (Northern Ireland)

### Anagrams

* -end, DEN, DNE, Den, Den., End, NDE, den, edn., end, end-

## Bavarian
### Alternative forms

* net (spelling variant)
* nit (Southern Bavarian)
* niat

### Etymology

From Middle High German niwiht, niweht, niht, a contracted form of Old High German niowiht, from nio (“never”) + wiht (“being, creature”), the last from Proto-Germanic *wihtą. Cognates include German nicht, Dutch niet, Yiddish ניט (nit) and נישט (nisht), English not.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /neːd̥/ (West Central Bavarian)
* IPA: /ne̞d̥/, /nɛd̥/ (East Central Bavarian, Vienna, Southern Bavarian)

### Adverb

ned
* not
    Des is ned mei Hund. ― This is not my dog.

### Interjection

ned?
* (tag question) right?; is it?; isn't it?
    Synonyms: gö, gön S', gej, gäi, ned woa
    Des is dei Hund, ned? ― That's your dog, right?

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Danish nithær, from Old Norse niðr, from Proto-Germanic *niþer, from Proto-Indo-European *niter. Cognates include Faroese and Icelandic niður, English nether, Dutch neder, German nieder.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɛð/, [neð̠˕ˠ]

### Adverb

ned
* down, downwards
* down, off (used with verbs to denote turning or shutting something off or down)

### References

* “ned” in Den Danske Ordbog

## German
### Adverb

ned
* Alternative spelling of net

## Italian
### Etymology

From né, by analogy with e/ed.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈne.d‿/

### Conjunction

ned
* (poetic, rare) Alternative form of né used before a vowel
** c. 1260s, Brunetto Latini, Il tesoretto [The Treasure], collected in Raccolta di rime antiche toscane: Volume primo, Palermo: Giuseppe Assenzio, published 1817, page 9, lines 1–5:Al valente Signore, Di cui non so migliore Sù la terra trovare; Che non avete pare Nè ’n pace, ned in guerraTo the valiant Lord, better of whom I can not find anyone on earth, for you have no peer, neither in peace nor in war

### Further reading

* ned in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

Cognate with Upper Sorbian hnyd and Czech hned.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /nɛt/

### Adverb

ned
* immediately, straightaway

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* ner (no longer listed; obsolete)

### Etymology

From Old Norse niðr, from Proto-Germanic *niþer.

### Adverb

ned
* down (from a higher to a lower level)

#### Derived terms

* legge ned
* nedarva
* nedarves
* nedarvet
* nedarving
* nedbe
* nedbemanne
* nedbetale
* nedbryte
* nedbrytende
* nedbør
* neddemme
* neddemmes
* neddykka
* neddykket
* nedfall
* nedfart
* nedfelle
* nedfor
* nedfôre
* nedfôring
* nedfryse
* nedgang
* nedgradere
* nedgravd
* nedgrodd
* nedisa
* nediset
* nedist
* nedkjempe
* nedkjøle
* nedkomme
* nedkomst
* nedlate
* nedlegge
* nedløpsrør
* nedmed
* nedom
* nedover
* nedprioritere
* nedpå
* nedringa
* nedringet
* nedrive
* nedriving
* nedrivning
* nedruste
* nedrusting
* nedrustning
* nedrykk
* nedrykking
* nedrykning
* nedsable
* nedsenkbar
* nedsette
* nedside
* nedskrive
* nedslag
* nedslitt
* nedslått
* nedstamme
* nedstige
* nedstigende
* nedstiging
* nedstigning
* nedstrøk
* nedstrøms
* nedtegne
* nedtelling
* nedtur
* nedunder
* nedved
* nedveg
* nedvei
* nedverdige
* nedvurdere
* nedvæpning
* opp ned
* rykke ned
* stige ned

#### Related terms

* nede

### References

* “ned” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

### Anagrams

* den, end

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse niðr, from Proto-Germanic *niþer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /neː/, /neːd/
* Rhymes: -eː, -eːd
* Homophone: ne

### Adverb

ned
* down (from a higher to a lower level)

#### Derived terms

* nedarva
* nedarving
* nedbemanna
* nedbemanne
* nedbetala
* nedbetale
* nedbroten
* nedbrytande
* nedburd
* nedbygging
* nedbør
* nedbøygd
* neddemd
* neddemt
* nedervd
* nederving
* nedetter
* nedfall
* nedfart
* nedfella
* nedfelle
* nedfor
* nedfôring
* nedforing
* nedføre
* nedgang
* nedgjennom
* nedgradera
* nedgradere
* nedgrodd
* nedigjennom
* nedisa
* nedist
* nedkjempe
* nedkomst
* nedkøyrd
* nedlagd
* nedlata
* nedlate
* nedlege
* nedlegga
* nedlegge
* nedleggja
* nedleggje
* nedloge
* nedmed
* nedom
* nedover
* nedprioritera
* nedprioritere
* nedpå
* nedringa
* nedringd
* nedriving
* nedrusting
* nedrykk
* nedside
* nedslag
* nedsliten
* nedslått
* nedstamma
* nedstamme
* nedstigande
* nedstiging
* nedstigning
* nedstraums
* nedstrok
* nedstrøk
* nedteljing
* nedtil
* nedtur
* nedunder
* nedved
* nedveg
* nedverdiga
* nedverdige
* nedvurdera
* nedvurdere
* nedvæpning
* nedætta
* nedætte
* opp ned
* rykkje ned
* stige ned

#### Related terms

* nede

### References

* “ned” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /neːd/

### Noun

nēd f
* Alternative form of nīed

## Scots
### Noun

ned (plural neds)
* (slang, derogatory) ned

## Swedish
### Alternative forms

* ner (somewhat informal)
* neder (archaic except in some compounds)

### Etymology

From Old Norse niðr, from Proto-Germanic *niþer, from Proto-Indo-European *niter. Cognates include English nether, Faroese and Icelandic niður, German nieder and Dutch neder.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /neːd/
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

ned (not comparable)
* (somewhat formal) down
    Antonym: upp

#### Usage notes

The forms ned and ner are often, but not always, interchangeable. The form ned is more formal and is especially found in compounds of more formal nature, whereas ner is more common as a word on its own. For instance the formal word nedlägga (“to discontinue, shut down”) vs. its informal equivalent lägga ner. Some compounds can use either form, e.g. nedladdning (“download”) (more formal) or nerladdning (less formal). Some compounds only use ned, e.g. nedlåtande (“condescending”).
In a few compounds, the otherwise archaic form neder is used, e.g. nederbörd (“precipitation”) or nedervåning (“ground floor”).

#### See also

* nere (“down, as a location”)

### References

* ned in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ned in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* ned in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* den

## Votic
### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈned/, [ˈned̥]
* Rhymes: -ed̥
* Hyphenation: ned

### Pronoun

ned
* Alternative form of need