# overdose
## English
### Etymology 1

From over- +‎ dose.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

#### Noun

overdose (plural overdoses)
* An excessive and dangerous dose of a drug.
    to die of a heroin overdose
** 2011, Pierre Comtois, Marvel Comics in the 1970s:It works for a while, but when Spider-Man maneuvers him ouside the hospital room where Harry is recovering from his overdose, some part of the Goblin's brain that's still the loving father surfaces, drives him unconscious, and when next he wakes up, all memory of his being a super-villain is conveniently wiped clean.
** [2012 August 23, Conor Friedersdorf, quoting Chris Hedges and Joe Sacco, “What OxyContin Addicts in West Virginia Tell Us About the War on Drugs”, in The Atlantic‎:Drug overdoses are the leading cause of accidental death in West Virginia, and the state leads the country in fatal drug overdoses. OxyContin—nicknamed “hillbilly heroin”—is king.]
** 2015 August 14, “Green Tea Modulates Cytokine Expression in the Periodontium and Attenuates Alveolar Bone Resorption in Type 1 Diabetic Rats”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:After 15, 30, 60 or 90 days, the animals (n = 5 per time point for each subgroup) were sacrificed via an overdose of ketamine and xylazine hydrochloride (Vetbrands Brazil Limited, Jacareí, SP), and the hemimaxillae were removed and fixed in 10% formalin solution (Fig 1 ).

##### Synonyms

* overdosage (which is a less common synonym for this concept)

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From over- +‎ dose.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdəʊs/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

#### Verb

overdose (third-person singular simple present overdoses, present participle overdosing, simple past and past participle overdosed)
* (transitive) To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to someone.
* (intransitive) To dose excessively, to take an overdose.
    Be careful not to overdose on those pills.
    She overdosed on cocaine.
* (intransitive, figurative) To indulge in something excessively.
** 2018 April 10, Daniel Taylor, “Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian (London)‎:They still had Sergio Agüero to bring off the bench and the Etihad was overdosing on optimism. For the game to finish with an aggregate 5-1 score distorts the fact the occasion was full of drama and suspense until Salah’s goal conclusively changed the complexion of the evening.
** 2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 191:Claude overdosed on smack in a Chicago flophouse three years later.

##### Derived terms

* OD
* overdoser

##### Related terms

* overdosage

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* does over, overdoes

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English overdose.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔ.vəʁ.doz/, /ɔ.vɛʁ.doz/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

overdose f (plural overdoses)
* (medicine) overdose (excessive and dangerous dose of a drug)
    Synonym: surdose
* (figuratively) overdose of, excess of, surfeit of something (instance of someone having had too much of something, having overdone something)
    Near-synonym: indigestion

### Further reading

* “overdose”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from English overdose.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /o.verˈdɔ.ze/, /o.verˈdoz/
* Rhymes: -ɔze, -oz
* Hyphenation: o‧ver‧dò‧se

### Noun

overdose f (invariable)
* (medicine) overdose

### References

* ↑ overdose in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Anagrams

* doverose

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Borrowed from English overdose.

### Noun

overdose m (definite singular overdosen, indefinite plural overdoser, definite plural overdosene)
* an overdose

### References

* “overdose” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Borrowed from English overdose.

### Noun

overdose m (definite singular overdosen, indefinite plural overdosar, definite plural overdosane)
* an overdose

### References

* “overdose” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English overdose, with the pronunciation partially unadapted in Portugal: over mimics the English phonemes, while dose is pronounced as a Portuguese word.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /o.veʁˈdɔ.zi/ [o.veɦˈdɔ.zi]
* (Brazil) IPA: /o.veʁˈdɔ.zi/ [o.veɦˈdɔ.zi]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /o.veɾˈdɔ.zi/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /o.veʁˈdɔ.zi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /o.veɻˈdɔ.ze/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɔ.vɐɾˈdɔ.zɨ/ [ɔ.vɐɾˈðɔ.zɨ], /o(w).vɐɾˈdɔ.zɨ/ [o(w).vɐɾˈðɔ.zɨ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɔ.vɐɾˈdɔ.zɨ/ [ɔ.vɐɾˈðɔ.zɨ], /o(w).vɐɾˈdɔ.zɨ/ [o(w).vɐɾˈðɔ.zɨ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ɔ.bɐɾˈdɔ.zɨ/ [ɔ.βɐɾˈðɔ.zɨ], /ow.bɐɾˈdɔ.zɨ/ [ow.βɐɾˈðɔ.zɨ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɔ.vɐɾˈdɔ.zɨ/ [ɔ.vɐɾˈðɔ.zɨ], /o.vɐɾˈdɔ.zɨ/ [o.vɐɾˈðɔ.zɨ]
* Rhymes: -ɔzi, -ɔzɨ

### Noun

overdose f (plural overdoses)
* overdose (excessive and dangerous dose of a drug)
    Synonyms: superdose, sobredose
** 1988 April 21, Cazuza, Roberto Frejat (lyrics and music), “Ideologia” (1:14 from the start), in Ideologia, performed by Cazuza, Rio de Janeiro: Philips:Meus heróis morreram de overdose / Meus inimigos estão no poder/o.veʁˈdɔ.zi/My heroes died of overdose. My enemies are in power.