# 飼

| 飼 | U+98FC, &#39164; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-98FC |
| ← 飻 [U+98FB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 飽 → [U+98FD] |
| 飼 | U+FA2B, &#64043; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA2B |
| ← 飯 [U+FA2A] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 館 → [U+FA2C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

飼 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+5, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人戈尸一口 (OISMR), four-corner 8772$_0$, composition ⿰飠司)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1418, character 36
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44107
* Dae Jaweon: page 1942, character 39
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4449, character 2
* Unihan data for U+98FC
* Unihan data for U+FA2B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 司 | *slɯ |
| 伺 | *slɯ, *slɯs |
| 覗 | *slɯ, *slɯs |
| 笥 | *slɯ, *slɯs |
| 詞 | *ljɯ |
| 祠 | *ljɯ |
| 柌 | *ljɯ |
| 嗣 | *ljɯs |
| 孠 | *ljɯs |
| 飼 | *ljɯs |
| 呞 | *hljɯ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljɯs): semantic 食 + phonetic 司 (OC *slɯ).

### Etymology

See 食.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sì (si$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ / chhṳ̀
    (Hailu, HRS): ci$^˖$ / cii
* Eastern Min (BUC): ché
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ci$^4$ / so$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhī / sū / sīr
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ci$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sì
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìh
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$
*** Yale: sz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syh
*** Palladius: сы (sy)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^6$
*** Yale: jih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ / chhṳ̀
*** Hakka Romanization System: cii / cii$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ci$^4$ / ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ci$^˖$ / cii
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi³³/, /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/
* chhṳ/ci˖ - to feed (e.g. 飼飯);
* chhṳ̀/cii - feeding (e.g. 飼料).
* Middle Chinese: ziH
Rime :
| Character | 飼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 祥吏切 |
| Baxter | ziH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /zɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ziə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-m-lək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljɯs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 飼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zi$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-m-lək-s/ |
| English | feed (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 飼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11963 |
| Phonetic component | 司 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 寺 |
| Old Chinese | /*ljɯs/ |
| Notes | 同飤見書孔傳 |

### Definitions

飼
* to feed; to rear
** Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板白蓮花全歌》, volume 2, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 3v:
       zi$^2$ muê$^7$ cong$^5$ ce$^2$ sim$^1$ tao$^5$ kui$^1$ / rig$^8$ mê$^5$ ci$^7$ gian$^2$ do$^6$ cim$^1$ gui$^1$ [Peng'im]
       From then on, the sisters' minds were at ease / Day and night they raised their children in the women's quarters
* (Southern Min) to support (one's parents, elders, etc.)
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to support (a mistress)

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 餵, 餵食 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 餵 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 餵 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 餵 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 餵 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 餵 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 餵 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 餵 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 餵 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 餵 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 餵 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 飼 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 飼 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 飼 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 飼 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 飼 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 飼 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 餵 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 飼 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 飼 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 飼 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 飼 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 飼 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 飼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 餵 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 餵 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 餵 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 飼 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 餵 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 餵, 餵食 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 餵 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 餵 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 餵 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 餵 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 餵 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 餵 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 餵 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 餵 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 餼, 餵 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 餵, 餼 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 餵 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 餼 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 餼 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 供 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 分 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 供 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 供 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 供 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 供 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 餵 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 餵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 供, 餵 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 餵 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 供 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 供 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 供 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 飼 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 飼 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 餵 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 餵 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 飼 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 餵 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 飼, 養, 畜 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 養, 餵養, 飼養, 畜養 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 養 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 養 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 養 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 養 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 餵 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 養 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 養 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 養 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 養 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 養, 分 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 養 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 養 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 養 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 養 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 養 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 供 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 養 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 養, 畜 |
| Hakka | Changting | 供 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 供, 畜 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 喂, 供 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 供 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 畜, 養 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 畜, 養 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 畜, 養 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 畜, 養 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 畜 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 供 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 養 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 養 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 供 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 養 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 飼 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 飼 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 飼 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 飼 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 養, 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 養 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 養 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 養, 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 養 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 養, 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 養, 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 飼 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 飼 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 飼, 養 fish |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 飼 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 飼 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 飼 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 供 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 供 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 供 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 養 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 養 |
| Wu | Danyang | 養 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 養 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 養 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 養 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 養 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 養 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 養 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 養 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 養 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 養 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 養 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 養 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 養 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 養 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 養 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 飼 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 飼 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 養 |
| Wu | Danyang | 養 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 養 |

### Compounds

* 一樣米飼百樣人 / 一样米饲百样人
* 穀飼 / 谷饲 (gǔsì)
* 飼主 / 饲主
* 飼奶 / 饲奶
* 飼料 / 饲料 (sìliào)
* 飼料作物 / 饲料作物
* 飼料奶粉 / 饲料奶粉
* 飼查某 / 饲查某
* 飼槽 / 饲槽 (sìcáo)
* 飼牧 / 饲牧
* 飼猴 / 饲猴
* 飼秣 / 饲秣
* 飼育 / 饲育 (sìyù)
* 飼草 / 饲草
* 飼蠓 / 饲蠓
* 飼養 / 饲养 (sìyǎng)
* 飼養員 / 饲养员 (sìyǎngyuán)
* 飼養業 / 饲养业
* 飼養者 / 饲养者
* 鼻飼 / 鼻饲 (bísì)

### Further reading

* “飼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 飼 |
| Kyūjitai | 飼 &#xFA2B; or 飼+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 飼󠄁 飼+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 飼󠄃 飼+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 飼)
* domesticate, raise, keep, feed

#### Readings

* Go-on: じ (ji)
* Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
* Kun: かう (kau, 飼う, Jōyō)、かい (kai, 飼い)、かわく (kawaku, 飼く)、やしなう (yashinau, 飼う)

### References

* ↑ “飼”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 飼 (MC ziH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᄊᆞᆼ〮 (Yale: ssó) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ〯 (sǒ) (Yale: sǒ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [사]

### Hanja

Wikisource 飼 (eumhun 기를 사 (gireul sa))
* hanja form of 사 (“to feed; to raise”)

#### Compounds

* 건사 (乾飼, geonsa)
* 방사 (放飼, bangsa)
* 분사 (粉飼, bunsa)
* 사견 (飼犬, sagyeon)
* 사량 (飼糧, saryang)
* 사료 (飼料, saryo)
* 사양 (飼養, sayang)
* 사우 (飼牛, sau)
* 사육 (飼育, sayuk)
* 사주 (飼主, saju)
* 사초 (飼草, sacho)
* 사축 (飼畜, sachuk)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

飼: Hán Việt readings: tự
飼: Nôm readings: tự
* chữ Hán form of tự (“breed, raise, rear”).

### References

* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Trần (2004).