# 鯛

| 鯛 | U+9BDB, &#39899; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BDB |
| ← 鯚 [U+9BDA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鯜 → [U+9BDC] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鯛 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 弓火月土口 (NFBGR), four-corner 2732$_0$, composition ⿰魚周)
* sea bream, porgy

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1472, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46226
* Dae Jaweon: page 2004, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4697, character 18
* Unihan data for U+9BDB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 裯 | *tuːw, *dɯw, *do |
| 啁 | *tuːw, *rtɯːw, *tɯw |
| 禂 | *tuːwʔ |
| 綢 | *tʰuːw, *dɯw |
| 翢 | *tʰuːw, *duːw |
| 錭 | *duːw |
| 雕 | *tɯːw |
| 凋 | *tɯːw |
| 琱 | *tɯːw |
| 鯛 | *tɯːw |
| 鵰 | *tɯːw |
| 彫 | *tɯːw |
| 奝 | *tɯːw |
| 調 | *dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw |
| 蜩 | *dɯːw |
| 惆 | *tʰɯw |
| 婤 | *tʰɯw, *tjɯw |
| 稠 | *dɯw |
| 椆 | *dɯw, *tjɯws |
| 周 | *tjɯw |
| 輖 | *tjɯw |
| 賙 | *tjɯw |
| 郮 | *tjɯw |
| 晭 | *tjɯwʔ |
| 倜 | *tʰɯːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tɯːw): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 周 (OC *tjɯw).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diāo (diao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): diu$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieo$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diao
*** Wade–Giles: tiao$^1$
*** Yale: dyāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diau
*** Palladius: дяо (djao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: diu$^1$
*** Yale: dīu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: diu$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: diu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiːu̯⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: dieo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tieu⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiau
*** Tâi-lô: tiau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diaw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiau⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tew
Rime :
| Character | 鯛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 都聊切 |
| Baxter | tew |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /teu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /teu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /teu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tɛw/ |
| Li Rong | /teu/ |
| Wang Li | /tieu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tieu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | diāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | diu$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tɯːw/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鯛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17516 |
| Phonetic component | 周 |
| Rime group | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 貂 |
| Old Chinese | /*tɯːw/ |

### Definitions

鯛
* sea bream
    蒲燒鯛炒飯／蒲烧鲷炒饭 ― pú shāo diāo chǎofàn ― Kabayaki sea bream fried rice

#### Synonyms

* 鯛鱼

### Compounds

* 丁鯛 / 丁鲷
* 海鯛 / 海鲷 (hǎidiāo)
* 的鯛 / 的鲷
* 真鯛 / 真鲷 (zhēndiāo)
* 菱鯛 / 菱鲷
* 雀鯛 / 雀鲷
* 黃鯛 / 黄鲷
* 黑鯛 / 黑鲷 (hēidiāo)

### References

* “鯛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 697.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “鲷”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 51.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 鯛 |
| Kyūjitai | 鯛󠄁 鯛+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 鯛󠄄 鯛+&#xE0104; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* sea bream
* red snapper

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちょう (chō)
* Kan-on: ちょう (chō)
* Kun: たい (tai, 鯛)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 鯛
* たい Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
/tapi$_1$/ → /tapi/ → /tafi/ → /tai/
From Old Japanese.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たい [táꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ta̠i]

### Noun

鯛(たい) or 鯛(タイ) • (tai)
* sea bream (fish of the family Sparidae); porgy
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3829:, text here
    醤(ひしほ)酢尓(すに)蒜(ひる)都伎(つき)合(かて)而(て)鯛(たひ)願(ねがふ)吾(われ)尓(に)勿(な)所見(みえそ)水䓗(なぎ)乃(の)煮物(あつもの) [Man'yōgana]
    醤(ひしほ)酢(す)に蒜(ひる)搗(つ)きかてて鯛(たひ)願(ねが)ふ我(わ)れにな見(み)えそ水葱(なぎ)の羹(あつもの) [Modern spelling]
* specifically, the 真鯛(まだ) (mada, “red sea bream”)

#### Derived terms

* 鯛島(たいじま) (taijima)
* 鯛焼(たいやき), 鯛(たい)焼(や)き (taiyaki)
* 赤(あこ)魚(う)鯛(だい) (akō-dai)
* 甘(あま)鯛(だい) (amadai, “tilefish”)
* 石(いし)鯛(だい) (ishidai)
* 一等(いっとう)鯛(だい) (ittō-dai)
* 糸撚(いとより)鯛(だい) (itoyori-dai)
* 疣(いぼ)鯛(だい) (ibodai, “Japanese butterfish”)
* 烏帽子(えぼし)鯛(だい) (eboshi-dai, “man-of-war fish”)
* 寒(かん)鯛(だい) (kandai)
* 黄(き)鯛(だい) (kidai)
* 狐(きつね)鯛(だい) (kitsunedai)
* 巾(きん)着(ちゃく)鯛(だい) (kinchaku-dai)
* 金時(きんとき)鯛(だい) (kintoki-dai)
* 金(きん)目(め)鯛(だい), 金(きん)眼(め)鯛(だい) (kinmedai)
* 銀(ぎん)目(め)鯛(だい), 銀(ぎん)眼(め)鯛(だい) (ginmedai)
* 黒(くろ)鯛(だい) (kurodai, “black porgy”)
* 瘤(こぶ)鯛(だい) (kobudai)
* 桜(さくら)鯛(だい) (sakuradai)
* 雀(すずめ)鯛(だい) (suzumedai)
* 千年(せんねん)鯛(だい) (sennen-dai)
* 鷹(たか)の羽(は)鯛(だい) (taka no hadai)
* 血(ち)鯛(だい) (chidai)
* 茅渟(ちぬ)鯛(だい) (chinudai)
* 天竺(てんじく)鯛(だい) (tenjiku-dai)
* 仁座(にざ)鯛(だい) (nizadai)
* 浜(はま)鯛(だい) (hamadai)
* 姫(ひめ)鯛(だい) (himedai)
* 笛(ふえ)鯛(だい) (fuedai)
* 笛(ふえ)奴(やっこ)鯛(だい) (fue-yakko-dai)
* 武(ぶ)鯛(だい), 不(ぶ)鯛(だい) (budai)
* 平(へ)鯛(だい) (hedai)
* 真(ま)鯛(だい) (madai)
* 的(まとう)鯛(だい) (matōdai, “John Dory”)

#### Idioms

* 鯛(たい)の尾(お)より鰯(いわし)の頭(かしら) (tai no o yori iwashi no kashira)
* 腐(くさ)っても鯛(たい) (kusatte mo tai)

#### See also

* 鱸(すずき) (suzuki, “sea perch”)

### Proper noun

鯛(たい) • (Tai)
* a surname

### References

* ↑ “鯛”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 281

## Korean
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕo̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [조]

### Hanja

Wikisource 鯛 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
* (도미) sea bream

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鯛: Hán Nôm readings: điêu
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
* Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
* Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999