# 凵

| 凵 | U+51F5, &#20981; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51F5 |
| ← 凴 [U+51F4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 凶 → [U+51F6] |
| ⼐ | U+2F10, &#12048; KANGXI RADICAL OPEN BOX |
| ← ⼏ [U+2F0F] | Kangxi Radicals | ⼑ → [U+2F11] |
| 凵 | U+2F81D, &#194589; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81D |
| ← 𩇟 [U+2F81C] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 刃 → [U+2F81E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

凵 (Kangxi radical 17, 凵+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 女中 (VL) or 難女中 (XVL), four-corner 2277$_0$, composition ⿰𠃊丨)
* Kangxi radical #17, ⼐.
* Shuowen Jiezi radical №23

#### Derived terms

* Appendix:Chinese radical/凵
* 㧄, 𡗖, 𡰮, 𡴳, 𡉆, 㚎, 𭖛, 𡨑, 山, 𬼈, 𠙻, 𰢵, 𨊥, 屮, 𡳾, 𫧋, 齒(歯,齿), 𠶑, 襾, 㐪

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 134, character 39
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1800
* Dae Jaweon: page 300, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 306, character 15
* Unihan data for U+51F5
* Unihan data for U+2F81D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凵 :
| Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Small seal scripts01079s03628Transcribed ancient scriptsL18641 ||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||
Pictogram (象形): a cave

### Etymology 1

* For pronunciation and definitions of 凵 – see 坎 (“pit; hole; bank or ridge between fields; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 坎).

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiǎn (qian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^3$
*** Yale: chyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chean
*** Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Middle Chinese: khjomX
Rime :
| Character | 凵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 凡 (146) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 丘犯切 |
| Baxter | khjomX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɨɐm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰiɐm$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰiɐm$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰuam$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰiɐm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰĭwɐm$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰi̯wɐm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faam$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰomʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 凵 | 凵 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 7353 | 10263 |
| Phonetic component | 凵 | 凵 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 凵 | 凵 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰomʔ/ | /*kʰomʔ/ |

#### Definitions

凵
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to open one's mouth

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* “box” radical (凵繞, kannyō)

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon)
* Kan-on: けん (ken)
* Kan’yō-on: かん (kan)

#### Compounds

* 凵(かん)構(がま)え (kan-gamae)
* 凵(かん)繞(にょう) (kannyō)

### Definitions

* Kanji in this term
* 凵
* うけばこ Hyōgai
For pronunciation and definitions of 凵 – see the following entry. :
| 【うけばこ】 | [noun] 凵: the kanji component 凵 |
(This term, 凵, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

凵 (eumhun 입 벌릴 경 (ip beollil gyeong))
* open one's mouth

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

凵: Hán Việt readings: khảm (苦(khổ)感(cảm)切(thiết))
* chữ Hán form of khảm.
** receptacle; an open aperture
** Kangxi radical 17—‘receptacle’

### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).