# mara
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɑːɹə/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːɹə

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ, cognate with Old English mare or mære. Doublet of mare. See nightmare.

#### Noun

mara (plural maras)
* (European folklore) A nightmare; a spectre or wraith-like creature in Germanic and particularly Scandinavian folklore; a female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.
** 1996, Catharina Raudvere, “Now you see her, now you don't: some notes on the conception of female shape-shifters in Scandinavian traditions”, in Sandra Billington, Miranda Green, editors, The Concept of the Goddess, pages 41–55:The corpus of related texts tells us that within rural society it was not improbable for your neighbour's envy of your fine cattle to take the form of a mara.

##### Further reading

* Mare (folklore) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit मार (māra).

#### Noun

mara (plural maras)
* (Buddhism) A type of god that prevents accomplishment or success.
** 2011, Graham Woodhouse, Lobsang Gyatso, Tsongkhapa's Praise for Dependent Relativity‎, Wisdom Publications, page 20:Mara means demon, or demonic influence, that hinders the practice of virtue. It may be an external spirit or an aspect of our own imperfect condition. All hindrances on the path to liberation are subsumed under the four maras. The first mara is the mara of the aggregates. […] The second of the maras is the mara of the afflictions, which are the same as the afflictive obstructions. They are identified as a mara because they precipitate all harmful actions, from malicious gossip to murder. […] The third mara is Devaputra, literally "son of a god," an external troublemaker who specializes in interfering with beings who are endeavoring to achieve something positive. […] The last mara is the mara of death.
* (Buddhism) Any malicious or evil spirit.
** 2002, Sarvananda Bluestone, The World Dream Book, page 73:The mara is the spirit that causes illness, accidents, and mishaps. The only protection against it is another mara who befriends a person or a group. A mara who becomes friendly is called a gunik. This transformation occurs when a mara comes to a person in a dream and states a desire to be friendly. But there are deceitful maras who pretend to be friendly, yet will betray the person who trusts them.

##### Related terms

* Mara

##### Further reading

* Mara (demon) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 3

From New World Spanish mará.

#### Noun

mara (plural maras)
* Any caviid rodent of the genera Dolichotis and Pediolagus, common in the Patagonian steppes of Argentina.
** 1999, Michael A. Mares, editor, Encyclopedia of Deserts‎, Mara, page 349:Maras have a white patch of fur on the rump that they flash when running, an adaptation they share with several species of deer and antelopes.
** 2011, Terry A. Vaughan, James M. Ryan, Nicholas J. Czaplewski, Mammalogy, 5th edition, page 228:Although only Dolichotis, the Patagonian mara, is strongly cursorial, all caviids have certain features typical of cursorial mammals […] .
** 2013, R. L. Honeycutt, “Chapter 3: Phylogenetics of Caviomorph Rodents and Genetic Perspectives on the Evolution of Sociality and Mating Systems in the Caviidae”, in José Roberto Moreira, Katia Maria P.M.B. Ferraz, Emilio A. Herrera, David W. Macdonald, editors, Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species‎, page 70:Maras (Dolichotis patagonum) are cursorial and prefer open areas with low vegetation for breeding and more barren sites for construction of communal dens (Taber and Macdonald 1992; Baldi 2007).

##### Derived terms

* Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum)
* Chacoan mara (Pediolagus salinicola)

##### Translations
#### References

* mara (mammal) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Dolichotis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Dolichotis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

### See also

* mara d'atra
* terra-mara

### Anagrams

* Rāma, Rama, ARMA, -rama, maar, amra, Aram, Amar

## Afar
### Etymology 1

Possibly related to Arabic مَرْء (marʔ, “man”) and Akkadian 𒌉 (mārum, “son”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmara/ [ˈmʌɾʌ]
* Hyphenation: ma‧ra

#### Noun

mára m
* (in compounds) people
** Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎, Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 3:Ummaan ginoh Fulte Racmatta leeh, yeemene marah Gunê Racmatta-le Rabbi kinni.He [who] surpasses the mercy of every creation, he is the God who gives mercy to the believing people.
* (Northern dialects, in compounds) living

##### Declension

absolutive
mára
predicative
mára
subjective
marí
genitive
marín
Postpositioned forms
l-case
máral
k-case
márak
t-case
márat
h-case
márah :

##### Derived terms

* baddi mára

##### Related terms

* maré (“to live; family”)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maˈra/ [mʌˈɾʌ]
* Hyphenation: ma‧ra

#### Verb

mara
* first/third-person masculine singular affirmative imperfective of maré

### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “màra”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
* Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle, Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2013 August) “Gender, Number and Agreement in Afar (Cushitic language)”, in 43th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics‎, Leiden: Leiden University

## 'Are'are
### Verb

mara
* be ashamed

### References

* Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

## Baagandji
### Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

### Noun

mara
* hand

## Balinese
### Romanization

mara
* Romanization of ᬫᬭ
* Romanization of ᬫᬵᬭ

## Bambara
### Noun

mara (tone màra)
* guard
* region, province
* (administrative division) circle
* savings, reserves
* kingdom

#### Derived terms

* marabaa
* marabolo
* maraden
* marali
* maramɔgɔ
* maraseginso
* marayɔrɔ

### Verb

mara
* (transitive) to guard, keep, take care of
* to manage, govern
* to keep, raise (poultry)

## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maja. Compare Maranao mara, Yogad maga, Cebuano maa and Tetum maran.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maˈɾa/ [maˈɾa]
* Hyphenation: ma‧ra

### Adjective

mará (plural marara, Basahan spelling ᜋᜍ)
* (Partido, Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon) dry; arid
    Synonym: alang
    Antonyms: basa, dumog

#### Derived terms

* magmara
* makamara
* mamara
* pagkamara
* pagmara
* pamara
* tagmara

## Cypriot Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic اِمْرَأَة (imraʔa).

### Noun

mara f (construct state mprat, plural nisfán)
* woman
* wife

#### Derived terms

* matxál
* payyómara

### References

* Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 426

## Dieri
### Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

### Noun

mara
* hand

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From maro +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [ˈmara]
* Rhymes: -ara
* Hyphenation: mar‧a

### Adjective

mara (accusative singular maran, plural maraj, accusative plural marajn)
* sea, of or relating to the sea

## Fijian
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *mara (“to spoil, to go foul (of food)”).

### Noun

mara
* stench of a corpse
* resting place of a deceased chief

#### Related terms

* madra

### References

* Gatty, Ronald (2009) “mara”, in Fijian-English Dictionary, Suva, Fiji: Ronald Gatty, →ISBN, page 157
* Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (1998) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 1: Material Culture, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 158-9

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɑrɑ/, [ˈmɑ̝rɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
* Hyphenation: ma‧ra

### Etymology 1

Borrowed into Western Finnish dialects from Swedish mara, which is a demon that sits on the chest of a sleeping person and causes bad dreams. This demon is known by similar names among Germanic peoples and lives in English nightmare, in Swedish mardröm (“nightmare”) and in German Nachtmahr (“nightmare”), among others.

#### Noun

mara
* (folklore) nightmare, mara (demon that causes bad dreams)
    Synonym: painajainen

##### Declension

Possessive forms of mara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
marani
marani
accusative
nom.
marani
marani
gen.
marani
genitive
marani
marojeni maraini $^{rare}$
partitive
maraani
marojani
inessive
marassani
maroissani
elative
marastani
maroistani
illative
maraani
maroihini
adessive
marallani
maroillani
ablative
maraltani
maroiltani
allative
maralleni
maroilleni
essive
maranani
maroinani
translative
marakseni
maroikseni
abessive
marattani
maroittani
instructive
comitative
—maroineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
marasi
marasi
accusative
nom.
marasi
marasi
gen.
marasi
genitive
marasi
marojesi maraisi $^{rare}$
partitive
maraasi
marojasi
inessive
marassasi
maroissasi
elative
marastasi
maroistasi
illative
maraasi
maroihisi
adessive
marallasi
maroillasi
ablative
maraltasi
maroiltasi
allative
marallesi
maroillesi
essive
maranasi
maroinasi
translative
maraksesi
maroiksesi
abessive
marattasi
maroittasi
instructive
comitative
—maroinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
maramme
maramme
accusative
nom.
maramme
maramme
gen.
maramme
genitive
maramme
marojemme maraimme $^{rare}$
partitive
maraamme
marojamme
inessive
marassamme
maroissamme
elative
marastamme
maroistamme
illative
maraamme
maroihimme
adessive
marallamme
maroillamme
ablative
maraltamme
maroiltamme
allative
marallemme
maroillemme
essive
maranamme
maroinamme
translative
maraksemme
maroiksemme
abessive
marattamme
maroittamme
instructive
comitative
—maroinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
maranne
maranne
accusative
nom.
maranne
maranne
gen.
maranne
genitive
maranne
marojenne marainne $^{rare}$
partitive
maraanne
marojanne
inessive
marassanne
maroissanne
elative
marastanne
maroistanne
illative
maraanne
maroihinne
adessive
marallanne
maroillanne
ablative
maraltanne
maroiltanne
allative
marallenne
maroillenne
essive
marananne
maroinanne
translative
maraksenne
maroiksenne
abessive
marattanne
maroittanne
instructive
comitative
—maroinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
maransa
maransa
accusative
nom.
maransa
maransa
gen.
maransa
genitive
maransa
marojensa marainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
maraansa
marojaan marojansa
inessive
marassaan marassansa
maroissaan maroissansa
elative
marastaan marastansa
maroistaan maroistansa
illative
maraansa
maroihinsa
adessive
marallaan marallansa
maroillaan maroillansa
ablative
maraltaan maraltansa
maroiltaan maroiltansa
allative
maralleen marallensa
maroilleen maroillensa
essive
maranaan maranansa
maroinaan maroinansa
translative
marakseen maraksensa
maroikseen maroiksensa
abessive
marattaan marattansa
maroittaan maroittansa
instructive
comitative
—maroineen maroinensa :

### Etymology 2

From Spanish mará.

#### Noun

mara
* mara (hare-like South American rodent of the genus Dolichotis)

##### Declension

Possessive forms of mara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
marani
marani
accusative
nom.
marani
marani
gen.
marani
genitive
marani
marojeni maraini $^{rare}$
partitive
maraani
marojani
inessive
marassani
maroissani
elative
marastani
maroistani
illative
maraani
maroihini
adessive
marallani
maroillani
ablative
maraltani
maroiltani
allative
maralleni
maroilleni
essive
maranani
maroinani
translative
marakseni
maroikseni
abessive
marattani
maroittani
instructive
comitative
—maroineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
marasi
marasi
accusative
nom.
marasi
marasi
gen.
marasi
genitive
marasi
marojesi maraisi $^{rare}$
partitive
maraasi
marojasi
inessive
marassasi
maroissasi
elative
marastasi
maroistasi
illative
maraasi
maroihisi
adessive
marallasi
maroillasi
ablative
maraltasi
maroiltasi
allative
marallesi
maroillesi
essive
maranasi
maroinasi
translative
maraksesi
maroiksesi
abessive
marattasi
maroittasi
instructive
comitative
—maroinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
maramme
maramme
accusative
nom.
maramme
maramme
gen.
maramme
genitive
maramme
marojemme maraimme $^{rare}$
partitive
maraamme
marojamme
inessive
marassamme
maroissamme
elative
marastamme
maroistamme
illative
maraamme
maroihimme
adessive
marallamme
maroillamme
ablative
maraltamme
maroiltamme
allative
marallemme
maroillemme
essive
maranamme
maroinamme
translative
maraksemme
maroiksemme
abessive
marattamme
maroittamme
instructive
comitative
—maroinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
maranne
maranne
accusative
nom.
maranne
maranne
gen.
maranne
genitive
maranne
marojenne marainne $^{rare}$
partitive
maraanne
marojanne
inessive
marassanne
maroissanne
elative
marastanne
maroistanne
illative
maraanne
maroihinne
adessive
marallanne
maroillanne
ablative
maraltanne
maroiltanne
allative
marallenne
maroillenne
essive
marananne
maroinanne
translative
maraksenne
maroiksenne
abessive
marattanne
maroittanne
instructive
comitative
—maroinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
maransa
maransa
accusative
nom.
maransa
maransa
gen.
maransa
genitive
maransa
marojensa marainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
maraansa
marojaan marojansa
inessive
marassaan marassansa
maroissaan maroissansa
elative
marastaan marastansa
maroistaan maroistansa
illative
maraansa
maroihinsa
adessive
marallaan marallansa
maroillaan maroillansa
ablative
maraltaan maraltansa
maroiltaan maroiltansa
allative
maralleen marallensa
maroilleen maroillensa
essive
maranaan maranansa
maroinaan maroinansa
translative
marakseen maraksensa
maroikseen maroiksensa
abessive
marattaan marattansa
maroittaan maroittansa
instructive
comitative
—maroineen maroinensa :

##### Derived terms

* aavikkomara
* etelänmara

### Anagrams

* maar

## Gamilaraay
### Alternative forms

* mārā, márá, murra, mŭrră

### Etymology

From Proto-Central New South Wales *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maɻa/

### Noun

mara
* hand
* finger

#### Quotations

* 1856, William Ridley, “On the Kamilaroi Tribe of Australians and Their Dialect”, in Journal of the Ethnological Society of London, volume 4:Hand . . . mārā Fingers . . mŭrră.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* 1856, William Ridley, gurre kamilaroi, or Kamilaroi Sayings:immanuel murra kawāni miedul, goe, “miēdūl waria.” Immanuel by hand took the girl, said “damsel arise”.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* 1873, William Ridley, Australian Languages and Traditions, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 2:
    Hand|murra
* 1903, R. H. Mathews, Languages of the Kamilaroi and Other Aboriginal Tribes of New South Wales, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 33:
    Hand .... ....|murra

### References

* Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
* Peter Austin, A Reference Dictionary of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales (1993)

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

From Portuguese amarrar. Cognate with Kabuverdianu mára.

### Verb

mara
* to tie

## Icelandic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

mara (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative maraði, supine marað)
* to float under the surface

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

mara f (genitive singular möru, nominative plural mörur)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

##### Declension
### Further reading

* “mara” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈma.ra]
* Hyphenation: ma‧ra

### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit मार (māra, “slaughter, destruction”).

#### Noun

mara (plural mara-mara)
* calamity, danger
    Synonyms: bahala, bahaya, bala, bencana, cobaan, dakiat, keapesan, kecelakaan, kegagalan, kemaharan, kemalangan, kemudaratan, kerugian, kesialan, malapetaka, mara

##### Synonyms

* bahaya
* bencana
* malapetaka

### Etymology 2

Unknown

#### Verb

mara
* to go

### Etymology 3

From Sanskrit कोट (koṭa, “fort, shed, hut”) +‎ मार (māra, “killing, destroying”).

#### Noun

mara (plural mara-mara)
* Alternative spelling of kotamara (“a kind of naval defensive structure”).

### Further reading

* “mara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmˠaɾˠə]

### Noun

mara f
* inflection of muir (“sea”):
** genitive singular
** plural

### Conjunction

mara
* Cois Fharraige form of mura (“if... not, unless”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “mara”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “mara”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* “mara”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

## Japanese
### Romanization

mara
* Rōmaji transcription of まら

## Juba Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaɾa/, [ˈma.ɾa]

### Etymology 1

From Sudanese Arabic مرة (mara), from Arabic مَرْأَة (marʔa).

#### Noun

mara (plural niswaan)
* woman
* wife

### Etymology 2

From Arabic مَرَّة (marra).

#### Noun

mara (plural maraat)
* time (instance or occurrence)
    Mara wahid ― Once (literally, “One time”)

### References

* Ian Smith, Morris Timothy Ama (1985) A Dictionary of Juba Arabic & English‎, 1st edition, Juba: The Committee of The Juba Cheshire Home and Centre for Handicapped Children, page 156

## Kaurna
### Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

### Noun

mara
* hand

#### Derived terms

* marawardli (“palm”)
* marawaka (“cupped hands”)

## Laz
### Conjunction

mara
* Latin spelling of მარა (mara)

## Makasar
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-South Sulawesi *ma(zr)a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maja (“dry up, evaporate”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmara/, [ˈma.ra]
* Hyphenation: ma‧ra

### Root

mara (Lontara spelling ᨆᨑ)
* precategorial root expressing dry or lacking moisture

#### Affixations

* aʼmara
* pimarài

### Further reading

* A. A. Cense (2024) Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek‎, Brill, →DOI

## Maltese
### Etymology

From Arabic اِمْرَأة (imraʔa, “woman; wife”). Formally, a backformation from the latter’s definite form اَلْمَرْأة (al-marʔa) as in most modern Arabic dialects.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈma.ra/

### Noun

mara f (construct state mart or (archaic) mrat, plural nisa, masculine raġel or żewġ)
* woman
** 2023, Keith Borg, magħġuna fit-tbenġil, Ede Books, →ISBN:kull skuża f’soċjetà kkankrata li ma tridx taf b’mara sakemm m’hemmx kwota li ma tridx taf b’mara sakemm ma tridx tivvota(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* wife
** 1966, Anton Buttigieg, “Agnes”, in Ejjew Nidħku Ftit Ieħor:Miexja fil-funeral ta’ kuġintha mart it-tabib, li mietet fl-aħjar tagħha; u f’moħħha ħsieb għaddej li t-tabib jista’ kif jgħaddi ftit taż-żmien, jitgħarras magħha.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* female (of an animal)

#### Derived terms

* mara tad-dar
* mara tad-dnub

## Mangarevan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *mala, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *malaŋ.

### Verb

mara
* (stative) be unhappy, dispirited

### Further reading

* A Dictionary of Mangareva

## Maori
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *mara (“to spoil, to go foul [of food]” – compare with Tongan mā “breadfruit preserve, Western bread”, Samoan mala “soft [of food]”, Fijian mara “stench of a corpse”, Satawalese mar “breadfruit preserve”).

### Adjective

mara
* (of food) preserved esp. by prolonged steeping under running water until softened

#### Derived terms

* whakamara

#### Related terms

* māhī
* māī
* moī
* pirau

### References

* ↑ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “mara”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* ↑ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (1998) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 1: Material Culture, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 158-9

### Further reading

* Williams, Herbert William (1917) “mara”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 210
* “mara” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

## Mapudungun
### Noun

mara (Raguileo spelling)
* rabbit
* hare

### References

* Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

## Maranao
### Etymology

Akin to Tetum maran.

### Adjective

mara
* dry

## Martuthunira
### Etymology

From Proto-Ngayarda *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maɻa/

### Noun

mara
* hand

### References

* Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
* Dench, Alan Charles. 1995. Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125.

## Ngiyambaa
### Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

### Noun

mara
* hand

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* maren m

### Noun

mara f
* definite singular of mare

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

mara f (definite singular mara, indefinite plural marer or maror, definite plural marene or marone)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of mare
* definite singular of mare

### Verb

mara (present tense marar, past tense mara, past participle mara, passive infinitive marast, present participle marande, imperative mara/mar)
* Alternative form of mare

### Anagrams

* amar, arma

## Nyunga
### Alternative forms

* marra
* maar (eastern dialect)

### Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

### Noun

mara
* (northern dialect) hand

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmɑːrɑ/

### Adjective

māra
* comparative degree of miċel: more
* greater
** c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
    Māre wundor is þæt God Ælmihtig ǣlce dæġ fēt ealne middangeard,...A greater miracle it is that God Almighty every day feeds all the world,...

#### Descendants

* Middle English: more, mare, moore
** English: more
** Geordie English: mair
** Scots: mair
** Yola: more, mo'

## Old Norse
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *marǭ.

#### Noun

mara f (genitive mǫru)
* nightmare, incubus

##### Descendants

* Danish: mare c
* Icelandic: mara f
* Norwegian Nynorsk: mare f
* Norwegian Bokmål: mare m or f
* Swedish: mara c

### Etymology 2

Probably related to marr m (“sea”).

#### Verb

mara
* to be waterlogged, float low in the water
    marði þá undir þeim skipit

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

mara
* genitive plural of marr
* genitive plural of marr

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “mara”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀫𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* मर (Devanagari script)
* মর (Bengali script)
* මර (Sinhalese script)
* မရ (Burmese script)
* มร or มะระ (Thai script)
* ᨾᩁ (Tai Tham script)
* ມຣ or ມະຣະ (Lao script)
* មរ (Khmer script)
* 𑄟𑄢 (Chakma script)

### Verb

mara
* second-person singular imperative active of marati (“to die”)

## Panyjima
### Etymology

From Proto-Ngayarda *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /maɻa/

### Noun

mara
* hand

### References

* Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
* Dench, Alan. 1991. ‘Panyjima’. R.M.W. Dixon, Barry J. Blake (eds.) The Handbook of Australian Languages, Volume 4. Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia, 125–244.

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

From Portuguese amarrar and Spanish amarrar and Kabuverdianu mára.
The Portuguese word comes from Dutch aanmeren.

### Verb

mara
* to tie

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mara. Compare English mare, German Mahr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈma.ra/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ara
* Syllabification: ma‧ra

### Noun

mara f
* (literary) A dream, nightmare.
* (Slavic mythology) A creature believed to drain sleeping people of their blood or energy; wight, mare.

#### Descendants

* → Belarusian: ма́ра (mára)

#### See also

* zmora

### Further reading

* mara in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* mara in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “mara”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈma.ɾɐ/
* Homophone: Mara

### Etymology 1
#### Adjective

mara (invariable)
* (Brazil, slang) Clipping of maravilhoso.
** Carmen Pimentel (quoting “Siba”), Comunidades virtuais, comunidades linguísticas in 2015, Idioma, n. 29, page 192:
    Hum 700 g a menos tá mara!Some 700 fewer grams would be great!
** 2018, Valentina Schulz, O Diário da Valen: Confissões de um ano inesquecível, Editora Alto Astral, page 61:O importante é que a pizza estava mara e conseguimos estudar e jogar um pouco de Xbox (perdi feio, só pra constar).The important thing is that the pizza was great and we were able to study and play some Xbox (I lost badly, just so you know).
** 2019, Wagner Fontoura, O Cozinheiro de Bangu, Nau Editora, page 144:Arthur, o negócio aqui tá mara!Arthur, things are awesome here!

### Etymology 2

From Spanish mara.

#### Noun

mara f (plural maras)
* mara (Central American street gang)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

mara
* inflection of marar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Rapa Nui
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *mala, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *malaŋ.

### Verb

mara
* to start rotting, going bad

### Noun

mara
* lump, bruise (from a blow)

### Further reading

* Rapanui-English Dictionary

## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

mara f sg
* genitive singular of muir (“sea, ocean”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaɾa/ [ˈma.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -aɾa
* Syllabification: ma‧ra

### Etymology 1

Clipping of marabunta.

#### Noun

mara f (plural maras)
* (colloquial) people in one's in-group, crew, gang, squad
    Cariño, hoy en la noche saldré con la mara de la empresa. ― Honey, tonight I'm going out with the crew from work.
* (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico) criminal gang
    Synonym: pandilla
    A mediados de 2012, se acordó una tregua entre las maras salvadoreñas y el gobierno local. ― In mid-2012, a truce was orchestrated between Salvadorian gangs and the local government.

##### Derived terms

* Mara Salvatrucha
* marero

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

mara f (plural maras)
* Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Tamil மரம் (maram, “tree”) (occurring in the names of many woods).

#### Noun

mara f (plural maras)
* Calophyllum calaba

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

mara f (plural maras)
* Obsolete form of maga (“Thespesia grandiflora”).

### Further reading

* “mara”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Sundanese
### Noun

mara (Sundanese script ᮙᮛ)
* (botany) Macaranga tanarius (parasol leaf tree)

### Further reading

* Coolsma, S (1913) Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij

## Swahili
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَرَّة (marra).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Noun

mara class IX (plural mara class X)
* time (used to form adverbial numbers, as in "one time" (i.e. once))

#### Usage notes

* See Appendix:Swahili numbers#Adverbial numbers.

#### Derived terms

* mara kwa mara (“from time to time, occasionally”)
* mara moja (“once; immediately, right away”)

### Adverb

mara
* suddenly
** 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:[…] lakini mara alijikuta akisema kichinichini, "Potelea mbali, nitakwenda." […] but suddenly he found himself saying secretly, "To hell, I'll go."

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²mɑːra/
* Rhymes: -²ɑːra

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ; cognate to Old English mare or mære.

#### Noun

mara c
* a mythological creature blamed for giving people nightmares

##### Derived terms

* nattmara
* satmara

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

mara c
* Clipping of maratonlopp n (“marathon race”).

##### Declension
### References

* mara in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* mara in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* mara in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Anagrams

* aram., arma, rama

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈmara/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈmaːra/, /ˈmara/

### Noun

mara
* Nasal mutation of bara (“bread”).

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Yámana
### Verb

mara
* hear

#### Synonyms

* muS