# 壯

| 壯 | U+58EF, &#22767; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58EF |
| ← 壮 [U+58EE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 声 → [U+58F0] |

## Translingual

| Japanese | 壮 |
| Simplified | 壮 |
| Traditional | 壯 |

### Han character

壯 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女一土 (VMG), four-corner 2421$_0$, composition ⿰爿士)

#### Derived characters

* 梉, 䊋, 匨, 莊, 奘, 娤, 弉, 焋, 裝, 銺, 𡝂, 𢙳, 𪭿, 𣴣, 𦀜, 𨡈, 𢈜, 𤶜, 𧚌, 𤽸, 𩈪, 𫧾, 𤞛, 𨌄(𬨋), 𠨡

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 243, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5643
* Dae Jaweon: page 483, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 428, character 7
* Unihan data for U+58EF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 臧 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 牂 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 戕 | *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ |
| 贓 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 藏 | *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs |
| 奘 | *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs |
| 臟 | *zaːŋs |
| 將 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs |
| 漿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 鱂 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 蔣 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 螿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 槳 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 獎 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 醬 | *ʔsaŋs |
| 鏘 | *sʰaŋ |
| 蹡 | *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs |
| 嶈 | *sʰaŋ |
| 斨 | *sʰaŋ |
| 爿 | *braːn, *zaŋ |
| 牆 | *zaŋ |
| 妝 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 莊 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 裝 | *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs |
| 壯 | *ʔsraŋs |
| 疒 | *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ |
| 床 | *zraŋ |
| 牀 | *zraŋ |
| 狀 | *zraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsraŋs): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 士.

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuàng, zhuǎng (zhuang$^4$, zhuang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ, ㄓㄨㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zong$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chong
    (Hailu, HRS): zong$^ˇ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chuáng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zung$^4$ / zng$^4$ / zorng$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chàng / chòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàng
*** Wade–Giles: chuang$^4$
*** Yale: jwàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
*** Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎng
*** Wade–Giles: chuang$^3$
*** Yale: jwǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joang
*** Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
* zhuǎng - dialectal variant for “robust; strong”, substituting for 奘. Popular in northern Mandarin, including the Beijing area.
* Middle Chinese: tsrjangH
Rime :
| Character | 壯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 側亮切 |
| Baxter | tsrjangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]<r>aŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 壯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhuàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrjang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]<r>aŋ-s/ |
| English | robust |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10307 |
| Phonetic component | 爿 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 壯 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsraŋs/ |

#### Definitions

壯
* strong; robust
* to strengthen
* (colloquial or dialectal, chiefly Hakka or Wu, of a person or an animal) fat
    人怕出名豬怕壯／人怕出名猪怕壮 ― rén pà chūmíng zhū pà zhuàng ― Fame portends trouble for men just as fattening does for pigs.
* (traditional Chinese medicine) one burn of moxa in moxibustion

##### Synonyms

* (to strengthen):
* 充實 / 充实 (chōngshí)
* 加固 (jiāgù)
* 加強 / 加强 (jiāqiáng)
* 堅定 / 坚定 (jiāndìng)
* 增強 / 增强 (zēngqiáng)
* 壯大 / 壮大 (zhuàngdà)
* 強化 / 强化 (qiánghuà)
* 鞏固 / 巩固 (gǒnggù)
* (fat):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 胖 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 胖, 富態 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 胖 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 胖, 肥 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 胖, 肥 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 胖, 富態 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 胖, 富態 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 胖, 富態 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 胖, 富態 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 胖, 富態 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 胖, 富態 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 肥, 生肉 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 肥 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 肥 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 胖 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 肥 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 肥 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 肥 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 肥 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 肥 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 肥 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 肥 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 肥 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 肥 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 肥 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 肥 |
| Hakka | Changting | 壯, 肥 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 壯 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 肥 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 壯 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 壯 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 壯 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 壯 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 壯 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 肥, 大箍 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 肥, 大箍 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 肥, 大箍 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 肥, 大箍 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 肥, 大箍 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 大箍 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 肥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 胖, 肉, 富態 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 肥 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 肥 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 發福, 食好看 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 大箍, 肥 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 大箍 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 大箍, 肥 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 大箍, 肥 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 大箍, 肥 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 肥, 大箍 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 大箍, 肥 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 大箍, 肥 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 大箍, 肥 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 肥 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 肥 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 肥 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 胖, 壯 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 壯 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 壯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 胖 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 胖 |

#### Compounds

* 丁壯 / 丁壮 (dīngzhuàng)
* 人強馬壯 / 人强马壮 (rénqiángmǎzhuàng)
* 健壯 / 健壮 (jiànzhuàng)
* 八百壯士 / 八百壮士
* 兵強馬壯 / 兵强马壮 (bīngqiángmǎzhuàng)
* 兵精馬壯 / 兵精马壮
* 凌雲壯志 / 凌云壮志
* 壯丁 / 壮丁 (zhuàngdīng)
* 壯偉 / 壮伟 (zhuàngwěi)
* 壯健 / 壮健 (zhuàngjiàn)
* 壯劇 / 壮剧
* 壯圍 / 壮围 (Zhuàngwéi)
* 壯圖 / 壮图
* 壯士 / 壮士 (zhuàngshì)
* 壯士斷腕 / 壮士断腕 (zhuàngshìduànwàn)
* 壯士解腕 / 壮士解腕
* 壯大 / 壮大 (zhuàngdà)
* 壯夫 / 壮夫
* 壯室之秋 / 壮室之秋
* 壯實 / 壮实 (zhuàngshi)
* 壯工 / 壮工
* 壯年 / 壮年 (zhuàngnián)
* 壯心 / 壮心 (zhuàngxīn)
* 壯心不已 / 壮心不已
* 壯志 / 壮志 (zhuàngzhì)
* 壯志凌雲 / 壮志凌云 (zhuàngzhìlíngyún)
* 壯志未酬 / 壮志未酬 (zhuàngzhìwèichóu)
* 壯族 / 壮族 (Zhuàngzú)
* 壯月 / 壮月
* 壯氣 / 壮气 (zhuàngqì)
* 壯氣吞牛 / 壮气吞牛
* 壯浪 / 壮浪
* 壯烈 / 壮烈 (zhuàngliè)
* 壯烈成仁 / 壮烈成仁
* 壯猷 / 壮猷
* 壯盛 / 壮盛 (zhuàngshèng)
* 壯碩 / 壮硕
* 壯竄 / 壮窜
* 壯美 / 壮美 (zhuàngměi)
* 壯膽 / 壮胆 (zhuàngdǎn)
* 壯舉 / 壮举 (zhuàngjǔ)
* 壯行 / 壮行
* 壯觀 / 壮观 (zhuàngguān)
* 壯語 / 壮语 (zhuàngyǔ)
* 壯遊 / 壮游
* 壯門面 / 壮门面
* 壯闊 / 壮阔 (zhuàngkuò)
* 壯陽 / 壮阳 (zhuàngyáng)
* 壯麗 / 壮丽 (zhuànglì)
* 壯麵 / 壮面
* 壯齒 / 壮齿
* 宏偉壯觀 / 宏伟壮观
* 宏壯 / 宏壮 (hóngzhuàng)
* 少壯 / 少壮 (shàozhuàng)
* 師直為壯 / 师直为壮
* 年輕力壯 / 年轻力壮 (niánqīnglìzhuàng)
* 幼學壯行 / 幼学壮行
* 強壯 / 强壮 (qiángzhuàng)
* 強壯劑 / 强壮剂
* 心麤膽壯 / 心粗胆壮
* 悲壯 / 悲壮 (bēizhuàng)
* 打旺壯 / 打旺壮
* 日益壯大 / 日益壮大
* 根壯葉茂 / 根壮叶茂
* 民壯 / 民壮
* 氣壯山河 / 气壮山河
* 氣壯河山 / 气壮河山
* 氣壯理直 / 气壮理直
* 波瀾壯闊 / 波澜壮阔 (bōlánzhuàngkuò)
* 波路壯闊 / 波路壮阔
* 理直氣壯 / 理直气壮 (lǐzhíqìzhuàng)
* 盛壯 / 盛壮 (shèngzhuàng)
* 稍長膽壯 / 稍长胆壮
* 粗壯 / 粗壮 (cūzhuàng)
* 精壯 / 精壮 (jīngzhuàng)
* 結壯 / 结壮
* 老當益壯 / 老当益壮 (lǎodāngyìzhuàng)
* 肥壯 / 肥壮 (féizhuàng)
* 膽壯 / 胆壮
* 英勇雄壯 / 英勇雄壮
* 茁壯 / 茁壮 (zhuózhuàng)
* 血氣方壯 / 血气方壮
* 豪壯 / 豪壮 (háozhuàng)
* 豪情壯志 / 豪情壮志
* 豪言壯語 / 豪言壮语 (háoyánzhuàngyǔ)
* 身強力壯 / 身强力壮 (shēnqiánglìzhuàng)
* 遒文壯節 / 遒文壮节
* 閎壯 / 闳壮
* 雄偉壯麗 / 雄伟壮丽
* 雄壯 / 雄壮 (xióngzhuàng)
* 雄心壯志 / 雄心壮志 (xióngxīnzhuàngzhì)
* 青壯 / 青壮
* 頂門壯戶 / 顶门壮户
* 飽壯 / 饱壮
* 馬壯人強 / 马壮人强
* 高壯 / 高壮

### Etymology 2

First written as 獞 (composed of 犭 (quǎn), the “beast” radical, and 童 (tóng), “servant”). Following the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, it was written as 僮 (with 亻 (rén), the “person” radical). Due to the derogatory connotations of the previous characters, it was officially amended to 壯／壮 (zhuàng, “strong; robust”) in 1965.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Zhuàng (Zhuang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zong$^3$ / zong$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Zhuàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Jhuàng
*** Wade–Giles: Chuang$^4$
*** Yale: Jwàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Juanq
*** Palladius: Чжуан (Čžuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zong$^3$ / zong$^6$
*** Yale: jong / johng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzong$^3$ / dzong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zong$^3$ / zong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːŋ³³/, /t͡sɔːŋ²²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zaon
*** MiniDict: zaon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²³/

#### Definitions

壯
* (～族) Zhuang, an ethnic group living primarily in Guangxi, China
    廣西壯族自治區／广西壮族自治区 ― Guǎngxī zhuàngzú zìzhìqū ― Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

#### Compounds

* 古壯字 / 古壮字 (gǔ Zhuàngzì)
* 壯文 / 壮文 (zhuàngwén)
* 壯族 / 壮族 (Zhuàngzú)
* 壯語 / 壮语 (zhuàngyǔ)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhuāng (zhuang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuang
*** Wade–Giles: chuang$^1$
*** Yale: jwāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juang
*** Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zong$^1$
*** Yale: jōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

壯
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 莊 / 庄 (zhuāng, “serious; solemn”)
* a surname

### References

* “壯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 壮 |
| Kyūjitai | 壯 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 壮)
* Big, robust This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): そう (sō)
* Kun: さかん (sakan, 壯ん)

## Korean
### Hanja

壯 (eum 장 (jang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

壯: Hán Nôm readings: tráng, trắng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.