# 保持
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎochí
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄔˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^2$ ci$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pó-chhṳ̀
    (Hailu, HRS): bo$^ˊ$ chi
    (Meixian, Guangdong): bau$^3$ ci$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pó-chhî / pó-tî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bo$^2$ ti$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$pau-zy$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎochí
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄔˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎochíh
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^3$-chʻih$^2$
*** Yale: bǎu-chŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baochyr
*** Palladius: баочи (baoči)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^2$ ci$^4$
*** Yale: bóu chìh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^2$ tsi$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^2$ qi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-chhṳ̀
*** Hakka Romanization System: bo$^ˋ$ cii$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bo$^3$ ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /po³¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bo$^ˊ$ chi
*** Sinological IPA: /po²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃʰi⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: bau$^3$ ci$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /pau³¹ t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-chhî
*** Tâi-lô: pó-tshî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poychii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi¹³/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /po⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰi²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-tî
*** Tâi-lô: pó-tî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poy'dii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bo$^2$ ti$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pó thî
*** Sinological IPA : /po⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰi⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$pau-zy$_6$
*** MiniDict: pau$^去$ zy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$pau-zr$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

### Verb

保持
* to keep; to maintain; to preserve; to remain; to stay; to exercise
    保持清潔／保持清洁 ― bǎochí qīngjié ― to keep clean
    保持緘默／保持缄默 ― bǎochí jiānmò ― to remain silent
    保持安靜／保持安静 ― bǎochí ānjìng ― to keep quiet
    保持暢通／保持畅通 ― bǎochí chàngtōng ― to keep clear
    對……保持警惕／对……保持警惕 ― duì...... bǎochí jǐngtì ― to remain vigilant against something
    保持克制 ― bǎochí kèzhì ― to exercise restraint
    保持微笑 ― bǎochí wēixiào ― to keep smiling
    保持持久穩定／保持持久稳定 ― bǎochí chíjiǔ wěndìng ― to maintain lasting stability
       bǎochí qiángjìng de zēngzhǎng [Pinyin]
       to maintain robust growth
       Bìyè hòu, tā réngrán yǔ tóngxué bǎochí liánxì. [Pinyin]
       He still keeps in touch with his classmates after graduation.

#### Synonyms

* 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 保守 (bǎoshǒu)
* 守 (shǒu)
* 把牢 (bǎláo)
* 維持 / 维持 (wéichí)
* 維繫 / 维系 (wéixì)

#### Derived terms

* 水土保持 (shuǐtǔ bǎochí)
* 牙齒保持器 / 牙齿保持器 (yáchǐ bǎochíqì)

#### Related terms

* 堅持／坚持 (jiānchí)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 保 | 持 |
| ほ Grade: 5 | じ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほじ [hóꜜjì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ho̞ʑi]

### Noun

保(ほ)持(じ) • (hoji)
* keeping, holding, conservation, retention
* maintenance

### Verb

保(ほ)持(じ)する • (hoji suru) suru (stem 保(ほ)持(じ)し (hoji shi), past 保(ほ)持(じ)した (hoji shita))
* keep, hold, conserve
* maintain

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 保持し | ほじし | hoji shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 保持し | ほじし | hoji shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 保持する | ほじする | hoji suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 保持する | ほじする | hoji suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 保持すれ | ほじすれ | hoji sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 保持せよ¹ 保持しろ² | ほじせよ¹ ほじしろ² | hoji seyo¹ hoji shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 保持される | ほじされる | hoji sareru |
| Causative | 保持させる 保持さす | ほじさせる ほじさす | hoji saseru hoji sasu |
| Potential | 保持できる | ほじできる | hoji dekiru |
| Volitional | 保持しよう | ほじしよう | hoji shiyō |
| Negative | 保持しない | ほじしない | hoji shinai |
| Negative continuative | 保持せず | ほじせず | hoji sezu |
| Formal | 保持します | ほじします | hoji shimasu |
| Perfective | 保持した | ほじした | hoji shita |
| Conjunctive | 保持して | ほじして | hoji shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 保持すれば | ほじすれば | hoji sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 保 | 持 |

### Noun

保持 • (boji) (hangeul 보지)
* hanja form of 보지 (“preservation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 保 | 持 |

### Verb

保持
* chữ Hán form of bảo trì (“to preserve”).