OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 鐵軌
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tiěguǐ
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄨㄟˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tie$^3$ gui$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tit$^3$ gwai$^2$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ti$^5$ gui$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thih-khúi
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiěguǐ [Phonetic: tiéguǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiěguěi
*** Wade–Giles: tʻieh$^3$-kuei$^3$
*** Yale: tyě-gwěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tieegoei
*** Palladius: тегуй (teguj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tie$^3$ gui$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tiegui
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiɛ⁵³ kuei⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tit$^3$ gwai$^2$
*** Yale: tit gwái
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tit$^8$ gwai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tid$^3$ guei$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːt̚³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ti$^5$ gui$^3$ [Phonetic: ti$^1$ gui$^3$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tī-gûi
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi²¹⁻⁵⁵ kui⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: ti$^5$ gui$^3$ [Phonetic: ti$^1$ gui$^3$]
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi²¹⁻⁵⁵ kui³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thih-khúi
*** Tâi-lô: thih-khuí
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tihquie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰi(ʔ)⁵ kʰui⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰui⁴¹/

### Noun

鐵軌
* rail (metal bar that makes the track of a railroad); track
* (Xianyou Puxian Min, mahjong) the mahjong tile sisuo 四索

#### Synonyms

* (rail):
** 鋼軌／钢轨 (gāngguǐ)

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “铁轨”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 536.
# asabı
## Turkish
### Noun

asabı
* inflection of asap:
** definite accusative singular
** third-person singular possessive singular
# Malacostraca
## Translingual
### Etymology

New Latin, from Ancient Greek μαλακόστρακα (malakóstraka), from μαλακός (malakós, “soft”) + ὄστρακον (óstrakon, “shell”).

### Pronunciation

* (US) IPA: /ˌmæ.ləˈkɑ.stɹə.kə/

### Proper noun

Malacostraca
* A taxonomic class within the phylum Arthropoda – most crustaceans – crabs, lobsters, shrimps etc., which have soft shells after moulting.

#### Hypernyms

* (class): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Animalia – kingdom; Bilateria – subkingdom; Protostomia – infrakingdom; Ecdysozoa – superphylum; Arthropoda – phylum; Crustacea – subphylum

#### Hyponyms

* (class): Eumalacostraca, Hoplocarida, Phyllocarida – subclasses

#### Derived terms

* Eumalacostraca

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 軟甲 / 软甲 (ruǎnjiǎ) (calque)
* ⇒ English: malacostracan

### References

* Malacostraca on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Malacostraca on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Malacostraca on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Malacostraca at BugGuide
* Malacostraca at the Tree of Life Web Project
* Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015) A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248. PMID 25923521, →DOI
# penilaian mandiri
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of penilaian +‎ mandiri.

### Noun

penilaian mandiri (plural penilaian-penilaian mandiri)
* (chiefly education) self-assessment

#### Synonyms

* penilaian diri
* penilaian mandiri
* penilaian sendiri
* swanilai
* swataksir
* penilaian kendiri
* penilaian sendiri
* pentaksiran kendiri
* swataksir

### Further reading

* Aplikasi Pasti (Padanan Istilah)‎ (in Indonesian), Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, 2021
# glühwein
## English
### Noun

glühwein (usually uncountable, plural glühweins)
* Alternative form of gluhwein

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Glühwein.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡly.ʋɛi̯n/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

glühwein m (uncountable)
* mulled wine
    Synonym: gloeiwijn
    Coordinate term: bisschopswijn

### Further reading

* glühwein on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$
# soft skill
## English
### Etymology

Coined by the U.S. Army in the late 1960s, referring to any skill that does not employ the use of machinery.

### Noun

soft skill (plural soft skills)
* (human resources, originally military) A personal skill that is usually interpersonal, nonspecialized, and difficult to quantify, such as leadership or responsibility.
    Coordinate term: hard skill

#### Descendants

* → German: Soft Skill

#### See also

* people skills
* soft asset
# עלה
## Hebrew
### Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʕall-, *ʕaly- (“high; height, elevation”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʕal-, *ʕVl(ay)- (“to be high, tall; to rise; mountain”).
Related to Arabic عَلِيَ (ʕaliya, “to be high, exalted”) and عَلَى (ʕalā, “to climb”).

### Pronunciation 1

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)aˈla/
* (Modern, Eastern Dialect) IPA: /ʕala/

#### Verb

עָלָה • (ʕālā/alá) (pa'al construction)
* To ascend, rise, go up; to move from a point to a higher point.
    אני לא האדם החכם בעולם אבל אפילו אני יודע שהשמש עולה במזרח.aní lo ha'adám hakhakhám ba'olám avál afílu aní yodéa shehashémesh olá bamizrákh.I'm not the smartest man in the world but even I know the sun rises in the east.
* To cost.
    אני מקווה שזה לא יעלה הרבה.aní m'kavé shezé lo ya'alé harbé.I hope this won't cost a lot.
* To grow.
* To rise in standing; to progress in a social or other figurative ladder.
    קליבלנד עלתה לגמר ה-NBA. ― klívland altá ligmár ha'én-bí-éi. ― Cleveland has advanced to the NBA Finals.
* To develop.
* To mount (a horse), to board (a plane), to enter (a street via a junction), etc.
* (of a Jew) To make aliyah, to immigrate to Israel.
    הרבה יהודים מצרפת עלו ארצה השנה.harbé yehudím metsarfát alú 'ártsa hashaná.Many Jews from France have made aliyah to Israel [literally towards the land] this year.
* To come, appear, show up, arrive.
* Synonym of עלה לרגל (make pilgrimage, visit a holy site)
* To depart for battle.

##### Conjugation

$^1$ Pronounced עָלִיתֶם and עָלִיתֶן in informal Modern Hebrew. $^2$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

##### References

* H5930 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

#### Noun

עֹלָה • (óla) m (plural indefinite עֹלוֹת, singular construct עֹלַת־)
* fully burnt offering

#### References

* H5927 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

### Pronunciation 2

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)aˈle/

#### Noun

עָלֶה • (alé) m (plural indefinite עָלִים, singular construct עֲלֵה־, plural construct עֲלֵי־)
* A leaf.
* Spade, ♠

##### Derived terms

* בְּצֵק עָלִים (b'tzék alím)
* עֲלֵה תְאֵנָה (alé-t'ená)

#### See also

Suits in Hebrew · סדרה (sídra) (layout · text) :
| לב (lev) | יהלום (yahalóm) | עלה (alé) | תלתן (tiltā́n) |

#### References

* H5929 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
# pabrik pengajaran
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Compound of pabrik +‎ pengajaran.

### Noun

pabrik pengajaran (plural pabrik-pabrik pengajaran)
* (education) teaching factory, learning factory: a collaboration space where practitioners bring experience from the factory to teach students, while students and faculty bring knowledge from the classroom to teach practitioners.

#### Synonyms

* pabrik dalam sekolah
* pengajaran berbasis pabrik
# lać
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* lejać (Southern Greater Poland)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьjati.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlat͡ɕ/
* (Masovia):
** (Near Masovian) IPA: /ˈlat͡ɕ/
* Audio 1; “lać”:(file)
* Audio 2; “lać się”:(file)
* Rhymes: -at͡ɕ
* Syllabification: lać

### Verb

lać impf
* (transitive) to pour (to cause to flow in a stream)
    Budowniczy lali beton na fundamenty, gdy zdarzył się wypadek. ― Builders were pouring concrete for the foundations when the accident happened.
* (intransitive, colloquial) to pour down; to rain heavily
    Nie wychodź na dwór, od rana leje. ― Don't go outside, it's been pouring down since morning.
* (transitive, colloquial or dialectal, Near Masovian) to beat up; to hit
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:bić
    Czego mnie lejesz, to był tylko żart! ― Why are you hitting me, it was just a joke!
* (intransitive, slang) to piss
    To nie Wersal, lej pod jakieś drzewko. ― This ain't Versailles, piss under some tree.
* (intransitive, slang, by extension) to not care; to ignore
    Leję na to. ― I don't care about this.
* (reflexive with się) to pour forth
    Brudna woda lała się do piwnicy. ― Dirty water poured into the cellar.
* (reflexive with się, colloquial) to fight

#### Derived terms

* ulany
* wylewny
* dolewka
* nalewka
* polewka
* przelew
* ulaniec
* ulewa
* wlew
* wylew
* zalew
* zlew
* dolać pf, dolewać impf
* lać jak z cebra impf
* lać wodę impf
* nadlać pf, nadlewać impf
* nalać pf, nalewać impf
* oblać pf, oblewać impf
* odlać pf, odlewać impf
* olać pf, olewać impf
* podlać pf, podlewać impf
* polać pf, polewać impf
* przelać pf, przelewać impf
* przylać pf, przylewać impf
* rozlać pf, rozlewać impf
* ulać pf, ulewać impf
* wlać pf, wlewać impf
* wylać pf, wylewać impf
* wzlać pf, wzlewać impf
* zalać pf, zalewać impf
* zlać pf, zlewać impf

#### Related terms

* lunąć pf
* lity
* lej
* łój

### Further reading

* lać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* lać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Władysław Matlakowski (1891) “lać”, in “Zbiór wyrazów ludowych dawnej ziemi czerskiej”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 365
# lumpo
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlumpo/ [ˈlũm.po]
* Rhymes: -umpo
* Syllabification: lum‧po

### Noun

lumpo m (plural lumpos)
* lumpfish
    Synonym: ciclóptero

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* lompo — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumpuq. Compare Kapampangan lumpu, Cebuano lumpo and Malay lumpuh.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /lumˈpo/ [lʊmˈpo]
* Rhymes: -o
* Syllabification: lum‧po

### Adjective

lumpó (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜓ)
* invalid; crippled; maimed
    Synonym: baldado

#### Derived terms

* ikalumpo
* kalumpuhan
* lumpuhin
* makalumpo
* malumpo
* pagkalumpo

#### See also

* lampa

### Noun

lumpó (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜓ)
* cripple; invalid

### Further reading

* “lumpo”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*lumpuq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
# sóng điện từ
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

sóng (“wave”) +‎ điện từ (“electromagnetic”).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [sawŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ tɨ˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʂawŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ tɨ˦˩] ~ [sɔŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ tɨ˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʂawŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩] ~ [sawŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩]

### Noun

sóng điện từ
* (physics) electromagnetic wave
    Synonym: bức xạ điện từ
# Kırşehir
## English
### Alternative forms

* Kirsehir

### Etymology

From Turkish Kırşehir.

### Proper noun

Kırşehir
* A city, district, and province of Turkey.

#### Translations
## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قیر شهری (kır şehri); equivalent to kır +‎ şehir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰɯɾ.ʃe.çiɾ̥/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: Kır‧şe‧hir

### Proper noun

Kırşehir
* A city and district of Kırşehir, Turkey
* A province of Turkey

#### Derived terms

* Kırşehirli

### See also

* Adana
* Adıyaman
* Afyonkarahisar
* Ağrı
* Aksaray
* Amasya
* Ankara
* Antalya
* Ardahan
* Artvin
* Aydın
* Balıkesir
* Bartın
* Batman
* Bayburt
* Bilecik
* Bingöl
* Bitlis
* Bolu
* Burdur
* Bursa
* Çanakkale
* Çankırı
* Çorum
* Denizli
* Diyarbakır
* Düzce
* Edirne
* Elâzığ
* Erzincan
* Erzurum
* Eskişehir
* Gaziantep
* Giresun
* Gümüşhane
* Hakkâri
* Hatay
* Iğdır
* Isparta
* İstanbul
* İzmir
* Kahramanmaraş
* Karabük
* Karaman
* Kars
* Kastamonu
* Kayseri
* Kırıkkale
* Kırklareli
* Kırşehir
* Kilis
* Kocaeli
* Konya
* Kütahya
* Malatya
* Manisa
* Mardin
* Mersin
* Muğla
* Muş
* Nevşehir
* Niğde
* Ordu
* Osmaniye
* Rize
* Sakarya
* Samsun
* Siirt
* Sinop
* Sivas
* Şanlıurfa
* Şırnak
* Tekirdağ
* Tokat
* Trabzon
* Tunceli
* Uşak
* Van
* Yalova
* Yozgat
* Zonguldak
# baccalà
## Italian
### Etymology

From Dutch bakkeljauw, of uncertain origin. Possibly from Latin baculum (“stick, staff”), referring to the way cod were split and dried on wooden sticks.
If the element *bak- is a metathesis of *kab- (compare French cabillaud and German Kabeljau from Dutch kabeljauw), then the original form of the word could have been *cabalao, maybe meaning "large-headed fish" (cf. Ibero-Romance words, such as Spanish cabo, cabal, from Latin caput (“head”)). (Can this etymology be sourced?)
Cognate with Sicilian baccalaru, Catalan bacallà, Portuguese bacalhau, Spanish bacalao.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bak.kaˈla/$^*$
* Rhymes: -a
* Hyphenation: bac‧ca‧là

### Noun

baccalà m (invariable)
* salt cod, stockfish
* (figurative) a foolish person

### Further reading

* Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
# ostrica
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin ostrea.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔ.stri.ka/
* Rhymes: -ɔstrika
* Hyphenation: ò‧stri‧ca

### Noun

ostrica f (plural ostriche)
* oyster

### Further reading

* ostrica in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* castori, corista, crostai, ostraci, scorati, scortai, storaci, storica, troscia
# kibbeling
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɪ.bəˌlɪŋ/
* Hyphenation: kib‧be‧ling

### Etymology 1

From kibbel +‎ -ing.

#### Noun

kibbeling f (plural kibbelingen, diminutive kibbelingetje n)
* (chiefly uncountable) deep-fried battered chunks of fish (usually cod or certain fish of the family Gadidae), commonly served with a mayonnaise-based dipping sauce
    Ze hadden kibbeling bij het avondeten.They ate deep-fried fish pieces for dinner.
    Jongen, 't is weer markt. Laten we kibbeling scoren.Dude, it's a market day today. Let's get some fried fish chunks.

##### See also

* lekkerbekje

### Etymology 2

From kibbelen +‎ -ing.

#### Noun

kibbeling f (plural kibbelingen)
* act or instance of bickering, arguing; an argument
# посланник
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pɐsˈɫanʲːɪk]

### Noun

посла́нник • (poslánnik) m anim (genitive посла́нника, nominative plural посла́нники, genitive plural посла́нников, feminine посла́нница)
* messenger, envoy, minister
    Synonym: посла́нец (poslánec)
** 1847, Иван Гончаров [Ivan Goncharov], “Часть первая. II”, in Обыкновенная история; English translation from The Same Old Story, (Please provide a date or year):Алекса́ндр снача́ла с провинциа́льным любопы́тством вгля́дывался в ка́ждого встре́чного и ка́ждого поря́дочно оде́того челове́ка, принима́я их то за како́го-нибудь мини́стра и́ли посла́нника, то за писа́теля: «Не он ли? — ду́мал он, — не э́тот ли?» Но вско́ре э́то надое́ло ему́ — мини́стры, писа́тели, посла́нники встреча́лись на ка́ждом шагу́.Aleksándr snačála s provinciálʹnym ljubopýtstvom vgljádyvalsja v káždovo vstréčnovo i káždovo porjádočno odétovo čelovéka, prinimája ix to za kakóvo-nibudʹ minístra íli poslánnika, to za pisátelja: «Ne on li? — dúmal on, — ne étot li?» No vskóre éto nadojélo jemú — minístry, pisáteli, poslánniki vstrečálisʹ na káždom šagú.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Derived terms

* сове́тник-посла́нник (sovétnik-poslánnik)

#### Related terms

* посыла́ть (posylátʹ), посла́ть (poslátʹ)
# atypical
## English
### Etymology

From a- +‎ typical.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /eɪˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Adjective

atypical (comparative more atypical, superlative most atypical)
* Not conforming to the normal type.
** 2018 May 12, Stephanie Sinclair, “'What I Learned From Adopting Two Children With Rare Genetic Conditions'”, in Time‎:The condition also has an associated atypical development of the retina and optic nerve misrouting, resulting in significant vision issues.
* Unusual or irregular.

#### Antonyms

* typical

#### Derived terms

* atypical autism
* atypicality
* atypically
* atypicalness
* atypical pneumonia
* atypical tarantula
* neuroatypical
* neuroatypicality
* nonatypical

#### Translations
### Noun

atypical (plural atypicals)
* (pharmacy) An atypical antipsychotic.
# dodingen
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

dodingen
* plural of doding
# 必需
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bìxū
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bit$^1$ seoi$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pit-sî
    (Hailu, HRS): bid si$^ˋ$
* Northern Min (KCR): bĭ-sṳ́
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bih$^6$ sy$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pit-su / pit-si
    (Teochew, Peng'im): big$^4$ su$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bìxū
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bìsyu
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^4$-hsü$^1$
*** Yale: bì-syū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihshiu
*** Palladius: бисюй (bisjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵¹ ɕy⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$必需 必須 / 必须
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bit$^1$ seoi$^1$
*** Yale: bīt sēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bit$^7$ soey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bid$^1$ sêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /piːt̚⁵ sɵy̯⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$必需 必須 / 必须
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit-sî
*** Hakka Romanization System: bid$^ˋ$ xi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bid$^5$ xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pit̚² si²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bid si$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pit⁵⁻² si⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bĭ-sṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²⁴ sy⁵⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bih$^6$ sy$^1$ [Phonetic: bih$^7$ sy$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bih-sṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /piʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬy⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bih$^6$ sy$^1$ [Phonetic: bih$^7$ sy$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /piʔ²⁻²⁴ ɬy⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pit-su
*** Tâi-lô: pit-su
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pitsw
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pit̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ su³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pit-si
*** Tâi-lô: pit-si
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pitsy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pit̚³²⁻⁵ si⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: big$^4$ su$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pik su
*** Sinological IPA : /pik̚²⁻⁴ su³³/

### Verb

必需
* to need; to require (especially when used as an auxiliary verb)

#### Usage notes

必須／必须 (bìxū) is used for subjective requirements, while 必需 (bìxū) is used for objective requirements.

### Adjective

必需
* (attributive) essential; indispensable

#### Synonyms

* 必要 (bìyào)

#### Antonyms

* 非必需 (fēibìxū)

#### Derived terms

* 必需品 (bìxūpǐn)
* 必需氨基酸 (bìxū ānjīsuān)
* 必需脂肪酸 (bìxū zhīfángsuān)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 必 | 需 |
| ひつ Grade: 4 | じゅ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

/pit͡sud͡ʑu/ → /fit͡sud͡ʑu/ → /hit͡sud͡ʑu/
From Middle Chinese compound 必需 (pjit sju, literally “necessary + need, require, demand”). Compare modern Min Nan reading pit-su.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひつじゅ [hìtsújú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çit͡sɨʑɨ]

### Noun

必(ひつ)需(じゅ) • (hitsuju)
* need, necessity, requirement, essentialness, indispensability

#### Derived terms

* 必需品(ひつじゅひん) (hitsujuhin): necessaries, a necessary item, necessity, essential goods

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# रोधति
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* ৰোধতি (Assamese script)
* ᬭᭀᬥᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
* রোধতি (Bengali script)
* 𑰨𑰺𑰠𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀭𑁄𑀥𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
* ရောဓတိ (Burmese script)
* રોધતિ (Gujarati script)
* ਰੋਧਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌰𑍋𑌧𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
* ꦫꦺꦴꦣꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
* 𑂩𑂷𑂡𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
* ರೋಧತಿ (Kannada script)
* រោធតិ (Khmer script)
* ໂຣຘຕິ (Lao script)
* രോധതി (Malayalam script)
* ᡵᠣᢡᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘨𑘻𑘠𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
* ᠷᠣᠸᠠᢑᠾᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧈𑧜𑧀𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐬𑑀𑐢𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
* ରୋଧତି (Odia script)
* ꢬꣂꢤꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆫𑆾𑆣𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
* 𑖨𑖺𑖠𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
* රොධති (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩼𑩕𑩮𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚤𑚴𑚜𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
* ரோத⁴தி (Tamil script)
* రోధతి (Telugu script)
* โรธติ (Thai script)
* རོ་དྷ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒩𑒼𑒡𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨫𑨆𑨜𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰ-e-ti, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Old English lēodan (“to grow”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɾɐ́w.dʱɐ.ti/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɾoː.d̪ʱɐ.t̪i/

### Verb

रोधति • (ródhati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root रुध्) (Rigvedic)
* to grow
* to sprout
* to sprout shoots

#### Related terms

* रोहति (róhati)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “रुध् 1.rudh”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 884, column 1.
* Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 248-9
# Browntown
## English
### Proper noun

Browntown
* An unincorporated community in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States
* An unincorporated community in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States
* A census-designated place in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States
* A census-designated place in Lee County, South Carolina, United States
* An unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia, United States
* A village in Green County, Wisconsin, United States
* (Canada, colloquial, derogatory or humorous) Brampton (city in Ontario)

#### Related terms

* Brown City
* Brownstown
* Brown's Town
* Brownsville
* Brownton
* Brown Township
* Brownville
# しやうりゆう
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of しやうりゆう – see the following entry. :
| 【青竜しょうりゅう】 | [proper noun] Azure Dragon |
(This term, しやうりゆう (syauryuu), is a historical kana spelling of the above term.) :
# b́aḿa
## Arin
### Noun

b́aḿa
* mother

#### Synonyms

* ajame
* amä