# 四十
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): sìshí
       (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄕˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si$^4$ si$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сышы (sɨšɨ, III-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sei$^3$ sap$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): si-sṳ̍p
* Eastern Min (BUC): sé-sĕk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sì-cha̍p
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^3$ zab$^8$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$sy-zeq / $^5$sy-seq; $^5$sy-zeq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sr$^4$ shr$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sìshí
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sìhshíh
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^4$-shih$^2$
*** Yale: sz̀-shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syhshyr
*** Palladius: сыши (syši)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$四十 四時 / 四时 巳時 / 巳时
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: si$^4$ si$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ss
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹³ sz̩²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сышы (sɨšɨ, III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sei$^3$ sap$^6$
*** Yale: sei sahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sei$^3$ sap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séi$^3$ seb$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sei̯³³ sɐp̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si-sṳ̍p
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi siib
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^4$ sib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /si⁵⁵ sɨp̚⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sé-sĕk
*** Sinological IPA : /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$lɛiʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Sanxia, Magong, Taichung, Lukang, Philippines, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì-cha̍p
*** Tâi-lô: sì-tsa̍p
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siezap
*** IPA (Taipei): /si¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sap̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kinmen): /si¹²⁻⁵³ t͡sap̚⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Lukang): /si³¹⁻⁵³ t͡sap̚³⁵/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
*** IPA (Yilan): /si²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines, Jinjiang): /si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sap̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Tainan): /si²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sap̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^3$ zab$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì tsa̍p
*** Sinological IPA : /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sap̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$sy-zeq
*** MiniDict: sy$^去$ zeh
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$sr-zeq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩³³ zəʔ⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^5$sy-seq; $^5$sy-zeq
*** MiniDict: sy$^去$ seh; sy$^去$ zeh
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sz̩⁵² səʔ³³/, /sz̩⁵² zəʔ³³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: sr$^4$ shr$^6$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁴⁵ ʂʐ̩²⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /sz̩⁴⁵ sz̩²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sijH dzyip
Rime :
| Character | 四 | 十 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) | 緝 (141) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息利切 | 是執切 |
| Baxter | sijH | dzyip |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siɪ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /si$^H$/ | /d͡ʑip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjɪ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑjep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /si$^H$/ | /d͡ʑip̚/ |
| Li Rong | /si$^H$/ | /ʑiəp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^H$/ | /ʑĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si$^H$/ | /ʑi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sì | shí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^3$ | sap$^6$ |

### Numeral

四十
* forty; 40

#### Derived terms

* 四十一 (sìshíyī)
* 四十七 (sìshíqī)
* 四十三 (sìshísān)
* 四十九 (sìshíjiǔ)
* 四十二 (sìshí'èr)
* 四十五 (sìshíwǔ)
* 四十八 (sìshíbā)
* 四十六 (sìshíliù)
* 四十四 (sìshísì)
* 四十埠 (Sìshíbù)
* 四十年代 (sìshí niándài)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 四十(しじゅう) (shijū)
* → Korean: 사십(四十) (sasip)

### See also

* 卌 (xì)
* 𠦜

## Japanese
### Pronunciation 1

Kanji in this term :
| 四 | 十 |
| よん Grade: 1 | じゅう Grade: 1 |
| yutōyomi ||
* (Tokyo) よんじゅう [yóꜜǹjùù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [jõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]

#### Numeral

四(よん)十(じゅう) • (yonjū)
* forty; 40

### Pronunciation 2

Kanji in this term :
| 四 | 十 |
| し Grade: 1 | じゅう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
* (Tokyo) しじゅう [shìjúꜜù] (Nakadaka –)
* (Tokyo) しじゅう [shìjúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕiʑɨː]

#### Numeral

四(し)十(じゅう) • (shijū)
* forty; 40

##### Usage notes

Use nakadaka for nouns and heiban for adverbs.

##### Derived terms

* うかうか三(さん)十(じゅう)きょろきょろ四(し)十(じゅう) (ukauka sanjū kyorokyoro shijū)

### Pronunciation 3

Kanji in this term :
| 四 | 十 |
| よ Grade: 1 | そ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* (Tokyo) よそ [yóꜜsò] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [jo̞so̞]

#### Numeral

四(よ)十(そ) • (yoso)
* forty; 40

### Pronunciation 4

Kanji in this term :
| 四 | 十 |
| よ Grade: 1 | そ(じ) Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 四十路
* (Tokyo) よそじ [yóꜜsòjì] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) よそじ [yòsójí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) よそじ [yòsóꜜjì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [jo̞so̞ʑi]

#### Numeral

四(よ)十(そじ) • (yosoji)
* (literary) forty; 40
* (literary) forty years; forty years old

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 “四十”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* 1 2 3 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 四 | 十 |

### Numeral

四十 • (sasip) (hangeul 사십)
* hanja form of 사십 (“forty”)