# farmer
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English fermour (“a steward, bailliff, collector of taxes”), from Old French fermier (“a farmer, a lessee, husbandman, bailliff”), from Medieval Latin firmarius (“one to whom land is rented, a collector of taxes, deputy”), from firma; equivalent to farm +‎ -er. Compare Old English feormere (“a purveyor of a guild, a supplier of food, a grocer, farmer”). More at farm.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈfɑː.mə/
** Audio (UK):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)
* Hyphenation: farm‧er

### Noun

farmer (plural farmers)
* (agent noun) Someone or something that farms, as:
** A person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock; anyone engaged in agriculture on a farm.
    Hyponym: (dated) peasant
*** 2012 December 1, “An internet of airborne things”, in The Economist‎, volume 405, number 8813, page 3 (Technology Quarterly):A farmer could place an order for a new tractor part by text message and pay for it by mobile money-transfer. A supplier many miles away would then take the part to the local matternet station for airborne dispatch via drone.
** (strictly, especially British) More specifically, a farm owner, as distinguished from a farmworker or farmhand as a hired employee thereof.
    Coordinate terms: farmworker, farmhand
* (historical) One who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent.
    a farmer of the revenues
* (historical, mining) The lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the crown.
* (Singapore, slang) A regular person; someone who did not receive a prestigious scholarship.
* (dated) A baby farmer (operator of a rural orphanage).

#### Usage notes

Farmer is probably the last occupational descriptor to have been used as a prefix to a surname in everyday usage: e.g. Farmer Brown. This usage was common until the mid 20th century.

#### Derived terms

* afternoon farmer
* antifarmer
* aquafarmer
* baby-farmer
* book-farmer
* chicken farmer
* Chinese farmer
* click farmer
* clip farmer
* cockatoo farmer
* dairy farmer
* dirt farmer
* farmer cheese
* Farmer City
* farmeress
* farmerette
* farmer-general
* farmerhood
* farmer in the dell
* farmerish
* farmerless
* farmerlike
* farmerly
* farmer sausage
* farmership
* fish farmer
* gentleman farmer
* gold farmer
* gong farmer
* marginal farmer
* microfarmer
* nonfarmer
* pig farmer
* Pitt Street farmer
* sharefarmer
* sheep farmer
* suitcase farmer
* tenant farmer
* truck farmer
* underfarmer
* wind farmer

#### Related terms

* farm
* farmboy
* farmgirl
* farmhand
* farmland
* farmman
* farmwoman

#### Descendants

* → Kashubian: farmôrz (Canada, United States)
* → Yiddish: פֿאַרמער (farmer)

#### Translations

Afrikaans: boer (af)
Albanian: dardhan m, arar (sq) m, bujk (sq) m
Arabic: فَلَّاح m (fallāḥ), فَلَّاحَة f (fallāḥa); مُزَارِع m (muzāriʕ), مُزَارِعَة f (muzāriʕa)
Egyptian Arabic: فلاح m (fallāḥ), فلاحة f (fallāḥa)
Moroccan Arabic: فلاح m (fallāḥ), فلاحة f (fallāḥa)
Armenian: ֆերմեր (hy) (fermer)
Assamese: খেতিয়ক (khetik)
Asturian: granxeru m, granxera f, xardu (ast) m, xarda (ast) f
Azerbaijani: fermer (az), kəndli (az)
Bashkir: фермер (fermer)
Basque: nekazari (eu), baserritar (eu)
Belarusian: фе́рмер m (fjérmjer), фе́рмерка f (fjérmjerka), селя́нін m (sjeljánin), селя́нка f (sjeljánka)
Bengali: কৃষক (bn) (kriśok)
Bikol Central: parauma (bcl)
Breton: merour (br), labourer-douar (br)
Bulgarian: фе́рмер m (férmer), фе́рмерка f (férmerka), земеде́лец m (zemedélec), земеде́лка f (zemedélka)
Burmese: လယ်သမား (my) (laisa.ma:), တောင်သူ (my) (taungsu)
Buryat: таряашан (tarjaašan)
Catalan: granger m
Cebuano: mag-uuma
Chamorro: lancheru
Chechen: ахархо (axarxo)
Cherokee: ᏗᎦᎶᎩᏍᎩ (digalogisgi)
Cheyenne: énano'éve'ho'e
Chichewa: mlimi
Chinese:
Cantonese: 農夫 / 农夫 (nung$^4$ fu$^1$), 農民 / 农民 (nung$^4$ man$^4$)
Eastern Min: 農民 / 农民 (nùng-mìng)
Hokkien: 農民 / 农民 (zh-min-nan) (lông-bîn), 作穡人 / 作穑人 (zh-min-nan) (chò-sit-lâng), 作田人 (zh-min-nan) (chó-chhân-lâng), 農夫 / 农夫 (lông-hu)
Jin: 農民 / 农民 (neng$^1$ ming$^1$)
Mandarin: 農夫 / 农夫 (zh) (nóngfū), 農民 / 农民 (zh) (nóngmín)
Wu: 農夫 / 农夫 ($^6$non-fu), 農民 / 农民
Cornish: tyak m
Czech: rolník (cs) m, rolnice f, sedlák (cs) m, selka f, sedlačka f, zemědělec (cs) m, zemědělka (cs) f, zemědělkyně (cs) f, farmář (cs) m, farmářka (cs) f
Danish: landmand (da) c, bonde (da) c, gårdmand (da) c
Dutch: boer (nl) m, boerin (nl) f, landbouwer (nl) m (crops), veehouder (nl) m (livestock)
Egyptian: (sḫtj)
Esperanto: farmisto
Estonian: talunik, farmer (et)
Ewe: agbledela n (crops), lãnyila n (livestock)
Faroese: bóndi m
Finnish: maanviljelijä (fi), viljelijä (fi), talonpoika (fi), farmari (fi), maajussi (fi), jyväjemmari (fi)
French: agriculteur (fr) m, fermier (fr) m (dated), agricultrice (fr) f, fermière (fr) f, cultivateur (fr) m, cultivatrice (fr) f
Galician: granxeiro (gl) m
Georgian: ფერმერი (permeri), მიწათმოქმედი (mic̣atmokmedi), მხვნელ-მთესველი (mxvnel-mtesveli), მესაქონლე (mesakonle)
German: Landwirt (de) m, Landwirtin (de) f; (crops) Bauer (de) m, Bäuerin (de) f; Farmer (de) m, Farmerin (de) f; (livestock, plants) Züchter (de) m, Züchterin (de) f, Landmann (de) m, Landfrau (de) f
Alemannic German: Puur m
Greek: αγρότης (el) m (agrótis), γεωργός (el) m or f (georgós), κτηνοτρόφος (el) m (ktinotrófos), γεωργοκτηνοτρόφος (el) m or f (georgoktinotrófos), αγρότισσα (el) f (agrótissa)
Ancient: γεωργός m (geōrgós)
Hebrew: אִכָּר / איכר (he) m (ikár), אִכָּרָה / איכרה f (ikará)
Hindi: किसान (hi) m (kisān)
Hungarian: (host/landowner) gazda (hu), (agriculturalist) mezőgazdász (hu), (smallholder) gazdálkodó (hu), (tiller/earthworker) földműves (hu), (land cultivator) földművelő (hu), (grower) termelő (hu), (peasant) paraszt (hu), (animal-raiser) állattenyésztő (hu), (plant-grower) növénytermesztő (hu)
Icelandic: bóndi (is) m
Indonesian: petani (id) (crops), peternak (id) (livestock)
Ingrian: maamees, talonpoika
Interlingua: fermero
Irish: feirmeoir (ga) m
Italian: agricoltore (it) m, fattore (it) m, contadino (it) m, contadina (it) f, agricoltrice f, fattoressa f
Japanese: 農夫 (ja) (のうふ, nōfu), 農家 (ja) (のうか, nōka)
Kalmyk: крестьянин (krestʹyanin), тәрә тәрәч (tärä täräç)
Kazakh: фермер (fermer), диқан (diqan), шаруа (şarua)
Khakas: кресен (kresen)
Khmer: អ្នកស្រែ (nĕək srae), អ្នកចំការ (nĕək cɑmkaa), កសិករ (km) (kaʼsekɑɑ)
Kikuyu: mũrĩmi class 1
Korean: 농부(農夫) (ko) (nongbu), 농사꾼 (nongsakkun)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: جوتیار (cutyar)
Northern Kurdish: cotkar (ku) m, cotyar (ku) m
Kyrgyz: фермер (ky) (fermer), дыйкан (ky) (dıykan)
Lao: ຊາວນາ (sāo nā)
Latin: agricola (la) m
Latvian: saimnieks m, saimniece f, lauksaimnieks m, lauksaimniece f
Lithuanian: ūkininkas m, ūkininkė f
Low German:
Dutch Low Saxon: boer (nds) m
Macedonian: земјо́делец m (zemjódelec), земјоделка f (zemjodelka), полјо́делец m (poljódelec), полјоделка f (poljodelka), фа́рмер m (fármer), фармерка f (farmerka), чи́флигар m (čífligar), чифлигарка f (čifligarka)
Malay: petani (ms), pesawah, pekebun (fruit, vegetable, etc, farm), peladang (big scale), penternak (poultry, livestock, fish)
Jawi: ڤکبون (pekebun) (fruit, vegetable, etc, farm), ڤلادڠ (peladang) (big scale), ڤنترنق (penternak) (poultry, livestock, fish)
Malayalam: കൃഷിക്കാരന് (kr̥ṣikkāraṉ), കർഷകന് (kaṟṣakaṉ)
Maltese: bidwi m, bidwija f
Manchu: ᡠᠰᡳᠰᡳ (usisi), ᡠᠰᡳᠨ ᡳ ᠨᡳᠶ᠋ᠠᠯᠮᠠ (usin-i niyalma)
Maori: kaipāmu, kaimahi pāmu
Marathi: शेतकरी m (śetakrī)
Mòcheno: pauer m
Mongolian:
Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ (tariyalang-un er-e)
Cyrillic: фермер (mn) (fermer), тариачин (mn) (tariačin)
Mongolian: ᠹᠧᠷᠮᠧᠷ (fērmēr), ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ (tariyačin)
Navajo: kʼééʼdidléhé
Ngazidja Comorian: mlimadji class 1/2
Norman: fèrmyi m
North Frisian: böre m
Norwegian:
Bokmål: bonde (no) m, gårdbruker m, gardbruker m
Nynorsk: bonde m, gardbrukar m
Occitan: borièr (oc) m, bordièr (oc) m
Ojibwe: (male) gitigewinini, (female) gitigewikwe
Old English: eorþling m, landbūend m, ġebūr m,, æcerċeorl m, æcermann m
Ottoman Turkish: چفتجی (çiftci), دهقان (dihkân)
Pashto: بزګر m (bazgar), دهقان m (dehqān), کسان m (kasān)
Persian: کشاورز (kešâvarz), دهقان (dehqân), برزیگر (barzigar)
Plautdietsch: Bua m, Akamaun m
Polish: rolnik (pl) m, rolniczka f, farmer (pl) m (colloquially), farmerka f (colloquially), włościanin m, włościanka f
Portuguese: agricultor (pt) m, fazendeiro (pt) m (Brazil), farmeiro m (Mozambique)
Romagnol: cuntadén m, cuntadéna f
Romanian: fermier (ro) m, fermieră (ro) f
Russian: крестья́нин (ru) m (krestʹjánin), фе́рмер (ru) m (férmer), земледе́лец (ru) m (zemledélec), дехка́нин (ru) m (dɛxkánin) (Central Asia or Iran)
Scots: fermer
Scottish Gaelic: tuathanach m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: земљоделац m, земљо̀ра̄днӣк m, пољопрѝвреднӣк m
Roman: zemljodelac (sh) m, zemljòrādnīk (sh) m, poljoprìvrednīk (sh) m
Sinhalese: ගමරාළ (gamarāḷa)
Slovak: roľník m, roľníčka f, sedliak m, sedliačka f, poľnohospodár m, poľnohospodárka f, farmár (sk) m, farmárka f
Slovene: kmet (sl) m, kmetica f
Sotho: molemi
Southern Altai: фермер (fermer)
Spanish: granjero (es) m, granjera (es) f
Swahili: mkulima (sw) class 1/2
Swedish: bonde (sv) c
Tagalog: magsasaka
Tajik: кишоварз (tg) (kišovarz), деҳқон (tg) (dehqon)
Tamil: விவசாயி (ta) (vivacāyi), உழவன் (ta) (uḻavaṉ)
Tatar: фермер (fermer), игенче (tt) (igençe)
Telugu: కర్షకుడు (te) (karṣakuḍu), రైతు (te) (raitu)
Thai: กสิกร (th) (gà-sì-gɔɔn), เกษตรกร (th) (gà-sèet-dtrà-gɔɔn), ชาวนา (th) (chaao-naa), ชาวไร่ (chaao-râi), ชาวสวน (chaao-sǔuan)
Tibetan: ཞིང་པ (zhing pa)
Turkish: ziraatçı (tr), çiftçi (tr), ekinci (tr) (dialectal)
Turkmen: daýhan
Tuvan: тараачын (taraaçın), чер ажылдыг кижи (çer ajıldıg kiji)
Ukrainian: фе́рмер m (férmer), фе́рмерка f (férmerka), селя́нин (uk) m (seljányn), селя́нка f (seljánka), селяни́ця f (seljanýcja), землеро́б m (zemlerób), землеро́бка f (zemleróbka)
Urdu: کِسان m (kisān), دِہْقان m (dihqān), دَہْقان m (dahqān)
Uyghur: دېھقان (dëhqan)
Uzbek: fermer (uz), dehqon (uz)
Vietnamese: nông dân (vi) (農民)
Volapük: (♂♀) farman (vo), (♂) hifarman, (♀) jifarman
Walloon: cinsî (wa) m, cinsresse (wa) f
Welsh: amaethwr (cy) m, ffermwr (cy) m, hwsmon m
Yakut: бааһынай (baahınay), фермер (fermer), сир оҥорооччу (sir oñorooccu)
Yiddish: פֿאַרמער m (farmer), פֿאַרמערין f (farmerin); ערדאַרבעטער m (erdarbeter); פּויער m (poyer)
Zazaki: resber
Zhuang: nungzminz, vunzguhnaz, bouxguhnaz :

### Anagrams

* framer

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɒrmɛr]
* Hyphenation: far‧mer
* Rhymes: -ɛr

### Etymology 1

Ellipsis of farmeröltözet (“denim clothes”) or farmernadrág (“denim jeans”).

#### Adjective

farmer (not comparable)
* (made of) denim

##### Declension
#### Noun

farmer (plural farmerek)
* (a pair of) blue jeans

##### Derived terms

* farmernadrág

### Etymology 2

From the German Farmer, from the French fermier (“farmer”), from the Old French ferme (“farm, rental”), from the Medieval Latin ferma, firma (“rent, tribute, food, feast”), from Old English feorm (“rent, provisions, supplies, feast”). More at farm.

#### Noun

farmer (plural farmerek)
* farmer
    Synonyms: (host/landowner) gazda, (agriculturalist) mezőgazdász, (smallholder) gazdálkodó, (tiller/earthworker) földműves, (land cultivator) földművelő, (grower) termelő, (peasant) paraszt, (animal-raiser) állattenyésztő, (plant-grower) növénytermesztő

##### Declension
### Further reading

* (landowner; jeans; denim): farmer in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
* (landowner, farmer): farmer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English farmer, from Middle English fermor, fermer, fermour, partly from Old French fermier, from Medieval Latin firmārius, from Latin firma; and partly from Old English feormere, from feormian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfar.mɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -armɛr
* Syllabification: far‧mer

### Noun

farmer m pers (female equivalent farmerka)
* (agriculture) farmer (person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock)
    Synonym: rolnik

#### Derived terms

* farmerski
* farmerstwo

### Further reading

* farmer in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* farmer in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fârmer/
* Hyphenation: far‧mer

### Noun

fȁrmer m (Cyrillic spelling фа̏рмер)
* farmer