# caseus
## Latin
### Etymology

Unknown according to De Vaan. The old hypothesis deriving it from Proto-Indo-European *kwath₂ (“to ferment, become sour”) has the problem that *w isn't supposed to disappear in Latin (the expected outcome would start with qua- and not ca-). In this case, the cognates listed under *kweth₂- are perhaps loans from the same substrate source as the Latin term.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkaː.se.us/, [ˈkäːs̠eʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈka.se.us/, [ˈkäːs̬eus]

### Noun

cāseus m (genitive cāseī); second declension
* cheese
    Synonyms: (medieval) fōrmāticum, fōrmāgium
** 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.769:‘ūbera plēna premam, referat mihi cāseus aera, dentque viam liquidō vīmina rāra serō.’‘‘Let me squeeze full udders, may my cheese repay me with money, and may the wicker strainer give a passage to the liquid whey.’’ (A shepherd’s prayer to Pales.)

#### Declension

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* cāseārius
* cāseātus
* cāseolus

#### Descendants

* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: casu
* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: cash, cashu
** Romanian: caș
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Corsican: casgiu
** Dalmatian: chis
** Italian: cacio
** Neapolitan: caso
** Sicilian: casu, caciu
** Old Venetan: caso
* Gallo-Romance:
** ⇒ Gascon: casás (“butter, cheese, whey”)
** ⇒ Old Occitan: casadure (“royalty on cheese”)
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: queso
** Old Galician-Portuguese: queijo
*** Fala: queixhu, queixu (Valverdeñu)
*** Galician: queixo
*** Portuguese: queijo (see there for further descendants)
** Old Leonese: kesos (plural)
*** Asturian: quesu, queisu
*** Extremaduran: quesu
*** Leonese: queisu
*** Mirandese: queiso
** Old Spanish: queso
*** Ladino: kézo
*** Spanish: queso (see there for further descendants)
* Borrowings:
** → Old Irish: cáise (see there for further descendants)
** → Proto-Brythonic: *kọs (see there for further descendants)
** → Proto-West Germanic: *kāsī (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cāseus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 96-7
* ↑ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938) “caseus”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 176f
* ↑ Ferguson, Ronnie. 2006. A linguistic history of Venice. Florence: Olschki. 254.

### Further reading

* “caseus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “caseus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "caseus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* caseus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “caseus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “caseus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, pages –456-58