# 吸

| 吸 | U+5438, &#21560; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5438 |
| ← 吷 [U+5437] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 吹 → [U+5439] |
| 吸 | U+2F83D, &#194621; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83D |
| ← 咞 [U+2F83C] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 呈 → [U+2F83E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

吸 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口弓竹水 (RNHE), four-corner 6704$_7$, composition ⿰口及)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 179, character 12
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3372
* Dae Jaweon: page 397, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 594, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5438
* Unihan data for U+2F83D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 趿 | *sqʰɯːb |
| 鈒 | *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰrɯb |
| 靸 | *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰaːb |
| 馺 | *sqʰɯːb |
| 砐 | *ŋɡɯːb |
| 魥 | *ŋɡɯːb, *kʰab |
| 扱 | *skʰrɯːb |
| 笈 | *skʰrɯːb, *ɡrab, *ɡab, *ɡrɯb |
| 衱 | *ɡrab, *kab |
| 极 | *ɡrab, *ɡab |
| 昅 | *ɡab |
| 雭 | *sqʰrɯb |
| 急 | *krɯb |
| 級 | *krɯb |
| 汲 | *krɯb |
| 芨 | *krɯb |
| 伋 | *krɯb |
| 彶 | *krɯb |
| 及 | *ɡrɯb |
| 岌 | *ŋɡrɯb |
| 吸 | *qʰrɯb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰrɯb): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb) – to inhale through the mouth. Note that 及 originally derives from “grab”, hence connotations of “grab through the mouth, inhale”.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xī (xi$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi$^2$ / xi$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щи (xi, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kap$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): kip$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xit$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khip
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kib$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xieh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): hĭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): só̤h / ngék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kih$^6$ / gih$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hip / khip
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kib$^4$ / guh$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$shiq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xī
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: si
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^1$
*** Yale: syī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qi$^2$ / xi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ki / xi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²¹/, /ɕi²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щи (xi, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kap$^1$
*** Yale: kāp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kap$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: keb$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐp̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: kip$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰip̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xit$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕit̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khip
*** Hakka Romanization System: kib$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kib$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰip̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kib$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰip̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /xi²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: só̤h / ngék
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔʔ²⁴/, /ŋɛiʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kih$^6$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kih
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiʔ²/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gih$^6$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gih
*** Sinological IPA : /kiʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiʔ²/
* kih6 - vernacular;
* gih6 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit吸 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕi⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕi²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕi²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕji⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕi¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕi²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕi³¹/ /ɕi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕi²¹/ 老 /ɕi²¹/ 新 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕi³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕiʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiʌʔ¹³/ 呼～ /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/ 水～了 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕiəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiɪʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɕiəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɕiəʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɕai²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /ɕi⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕi²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡ɕi²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰip̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰip̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰɐp̚⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰɐp̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kʰɐp̚⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hip̚³²/ /kʰip̚³²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɛiʔ²³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xi²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰip̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /lip̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: xip
Rime :
| Character | 吸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (142) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許及切 |
| Baxter | xip |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠiɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hjip̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xjəp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hap$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)əp/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰrɯb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 吸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xip › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰ(r)əp/ |
| English | inhale |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 吸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5667 |
| Phonetic component | 及 |
| Rime group | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 吸 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰrɯb/ |

### Definitions

吸
* to breathe in; to inhale
    吸一口氣／吸一口气 ― xī yī kǒu qì ― to take a breath
    吸塵器／吸尘器 ― xīchénqì ― vacuum cleaner
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Miǎo Gūyè zhī shān, yǒu shénrén jū yān, jīfū ruò bīngxuě, nàoyuē ruò chùzǐ, bù shí wǔgǔ, xīfēngyǐnlù. [Pinyin]
    Far away on the hill of Gu Ye there dwelt a Spirit-like man whose flesh and skin were (smooth) as ice and (white) as snow; that his manner was elegant and delicate as that of a virgin; that he did not eat any of the five grains, but inhaled the wind and drank the dew.
** to smoke
    吸煙／吸烟 ― xīyān ― to smoke cigarettes
    吸大麻 ― xī dàmá ― to smoke marijuana
* to suck; to drink
    吸奶 ― xīnǎi ― to suckle; to suck milk
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE, translated based on David Hawkes' version
    Xī fēiquán zhī wēi yè xī, huái wǎnyǎn zhī huáyīng. [Pinyin]
    I sipped the subtle liquor of the Flying Spring, And held in my bosom the flower-bright wan-yan jewel.
* to absorb
    吸油紙／吸油纸 ― xīyóuzhǐ ― facial oil blotting paper
* to attract
    吸鐵石／吸铁石 ― xītiěshí ― magnet
    異極相吸／异极相吸 ― yì jí xiàng xī ― opposite poles attract
* a surname, Xi

#### Synonyms

* (to smoke): 抽 (chōu)
* (to absorb):
* 吸取 (xīqǔ)
* 吸收 (xīshōu)
* 抽取 (chōuqǔ)
* 攝 / 摄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 攝取 / 摄取 (shèqǔ)
* 束 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 汲 (jí) (literary, or in compounds)
* 汲取 (jíqǔ)
* 燥 (Hokkien)
* (to attract):
* 勾
* 吸引 (xīyǐn)
* 抓 (zhuā)
* 招引 (zhāoyǐn)
* 誘惑 / 诱惑 (yòuhuò)
* 逗 (dòu)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to breathe in”): 呼 (hū)

#### Compounds

* 上呼吸道 (shànghūxīdào)
* 人工呼吸 (réngōng hūxī)
* 內呼吸 / 内呼吸
* 反吸
* 吸入 (xīrù)
* 吸入治療 / 吸入治疗 (xīrù zhìliáo)
* 吸力 (xīlì)
* 吸力豁剌
* 吸取 (xīqǔ)
* 吸吮 (xīshǔn)
* 吸吸
* 吮吸 (shǔnxī)
* 吸器
* 吸塵器 / 吸尘器 (xīchénqì)
* 吸引 (xīyǐn)
* 吸引力 (xīyǐnlì)
* 吸振器
* 吸收 (xīshōu)
* 吸收劑量 / 吸收剂量
* 吸收口
* 吸毒 (xīdú)
* 吸氣 / 吸气 (xīqì)
* 吸水力
* 吸水管
* 吸油煙機 / 吸油烟机
* 吸溼性 / 吸湿性
* 吸熱反應 / 吸热反应 (xīrè fǎnyìng)
* 吸熱玻璃 / 吸热玻璃
* 吸盤 / 吸盘 (xīpán)
* 吸管 (xīguǎn)
* 吸納 / 吸纳 (xīnà)
* 吸聲材料 / 吸声材料
* 吸膠 / 吸胶
* 吸芽
* 吸菸 / 吸烟 (xīyān)
* 吸血蛭
* 吸血蟲 / 吸血虫
* 吸血鬼 (xīxuèguǐ)
* 吸鐵石 / 吸铁石 (xītiěshí)
* 吸附 (xīfù)
* 吸附作用
* 吸風飲露 / 吸风饮露 (xīfēngyǐnlù)
* 吸食 (xīshí)
* 吸墨紙 / 吸墨纸 (xīmòzhǐ)
* 呼吸 (hūxī)
* 呼吸作用 (hūxī zuòyòng)
* 咀吸口
* 呼吸吐納 / 呼吸吐纳
* 呼吸器 (hūxīqì)
* 呼吸器官
* 呼吸孔
* 呼吸根
* 呼吸相通 (hūxīxiāngtōng)
* 呼吸系統 / 呼吸系统 (hūxī xìtǒng)
* 呼吸道 (hūxīdào)
* 呼吸運動 / 呼吸运动
* 呼吸音 (hūxīyīn)
* 噓吸 / 嘘吸
* 外呼吸
* 敲骨吸髓 (qiāogǔ xīsuǐ)
* 有氧呼吸
* 欻吸
* 深呼吸 (shēnhūxī)
* 空吸
* 肝吸蟲 / 肝吸虫
* 肺吸蟲 / 肺吸虫 (fèixīchóng)
* 肺呼吸
* 腹式呼吸
* 虹吸作用
* 虹吸現象 / 虹吸现象
* 虹吸管
* 血吸蟲 / 血吸虫 (xuèxīchóng)
* 血吸蟲病 / 血吸虫病 (xuèxīchóngbìng)
* 餐風吸露 / 餐风吸露

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “吸”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 250.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 吸 |
| Kyūjitai | 吸󠄁 吸+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 吸󠄃 吸+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)
* suck
* imbibe
* inhale
* sip

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)
* Kun: すう (suu, 吸う, Jōyō)

### References

* ↑ “吸”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 吸 (MC xip). Recorded as Middle Korean 흡〮 (húp) (Yale: hup) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 吸 (eumhun 마실 흡 (masil heup))
* hanja form of 흡 (“to drink, suck in, to inhale, to attract”)

#### Compounds

* 호흡 (呼吸, hoheup)
* 흡광 (吸光, heupgwang)
* 흡수 (吸收, heupsu)
* 흡연 (吸煙, heubyeon)
* 흡인 (吸引, heubin)
* 흡입 (吸入, heubip)
* 흡착 (吸着, heupchak)
* 흡혈 (吸血, heuphyeol)
* 흡혈귀 (吸血鬼, heuphyeolgwi)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

吸: Hán Việt readings: hấp
吸: Nôm readings: cộp, cạp, hấp, hớp, húp, hút
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.