# أب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ʔabw-, from the root ء ب و (ʔ b w). Cognate with Hebrew אָב ('áv). Compare Italian babbo.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔab/

#### Noun

أَب • (ʔab) m (construct state أَبُو (ʔabū), dual أَبَوَانِ (ʔabawāni), plural آبَاء (ʔābāʔ))
* father
* ancestor, forefather

##### Usage notes

* This word has the irregular vocative forms أَبَتَ (ʔabata) and أَبَتِ (ʔabati).

##### Synonyms

* (father): وَالِد (wālid)

##### Coordinate terms

* (father): أُمّ (ʔumm, “mother”)

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: أبّ (abb)
* → Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza: *abá
** Abaza: аба (aba)
** Abkhaz: аб (ab)
* → Assamese: আব্বা (abba)
* → Bengali: আব্বা (abba)
* → Urdu: ابو (abbū)
* → Maltese: bu (“construct state, only used in some surnames and place names”)
* → Rohingya: abba
* → Swahili: bwana, (abbreviation) Bw.
** → Chichewa: bwana
** → English: bwana
* → Ottoman Turkish: اب (eb)
* → Ottoman Turkish: ابوین (from dual أَبَوَيْن)
** Turkish: ebeveyn
* → Medieval Latin: borago, borrāgō
** Italian: borragine, borraggine
** Old French: borage
*** French: bourrache
*** → English: borage
*** → Irish: borráiste
** Old Occitan:
*** Catalan: borratja
**** → Spanish: borraja
** Old Galician-Portuguese: *borragẽ
*** Galician: borraxe
*** Portuguese: borragem
** Sicilian: vurràjina
** → Bulgarian: пореч (poreč)
** → Middle Dutch: borage
*** Dutch: bernagie
** → Greek: μποράγο (borágo)
** → Polish: burak
*** → Belarusian: бура́к (burák)
*** → Russian: буря́к (burják)
*** → Ukrainian: буря́к (burják)
*** → Yiddish: בוריק (burik)
** → Middle Low German: boragie, borraghe
** → Middle High German: boretsch, buretsch
*** German: Borretsch
** → Slovak: borága
* ⇒ Arabic: أَبُو حِبَاب (ʔabū ḥibāb, “father of many seeds”)
** → Medieval Latin: bahobab
*** → Armenian: բաոբաբ (baobab)
*** → Danish: baobab
*** → Dutch: baobab
*** → English: baobab
**** → Japanese: バオバブ (baobabu)
*** → French: baobab
**** Mauritian Creole: baobab
**** → Vietnamese: bao báp
*** → Italian: baobab
*** → Polish: baobab
*** → Portuguese: baobá
*** → Russian: баобаб (baobab)
*** → Spanish: baobab
* ⇒ Arabic: أَبُو المِسْك (ʔabū l-misk, “father of musk”)
** → Italian: abelmosch
*** → New Latin: abelmoschus
**** → Dutch: abelmos
**** → English: abelmosk
**** → Portuguese: abelmosco
**** → Spanish: abelmosco
***** → Italian: abelmosco
***** → Norwegian Bokmål: abelmoskus

##### See also

* (nouns with long construct singular) الْأَسْمَاء السِّتَّة (al-ʔasmāʔ as-sitta); أَب (ʔab), أَخ (ʔaḵ), حَم (ḥam), فَم (fam), ذُو (ḏū), هَن (han)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

أُبْ • (ʔub) (form I) /ʔub/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of آبَ (ʔāba)

### Etymology 3
#### Verb

أَبَّ • (ʔabba) I (first-person singular past أَبِبْتُ (ʔabibtu), non-past يَؤُبُّ (yaʔubbu), verbal noun أَبّ (ʔabb) or أَبَاب (ʔabāb) or أَبَابَة (ʔabāba))
* to put the hand to (as "to the sword")
* to move, agitate
* to long for one's homeland
* to prepare for a journey
* to intend
* to be straight , upright (as a road, conduct)
* to defeat

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

أَبّ • (ʔabb) m (plural أَؤُبّ (ʔaʔubb))
* verbal noun of أَبّ (ʔabb, “to intend, to prepare for a journey”) (form I)
* intention
* travelling plan
* fodder, grass, meadow
* herbage (fresh or dry)
* herbage prepared for pasture
* dried fruits

##### Declension
### Further reading

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “أب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 3, 10–11
* Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, pages 69–72 (for etymology of the vocative forms)
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “أبو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 2–3
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “أب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Egyptian Arabic
### Noun

أبّ • (abb) m (construct state أبو (abū), plural أبّهات (abbahāt))
* Alternative spelling of ابّ

## Karakhanid
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *ap. Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (ap).

### Conjunction

أَبْ (ap)
* not, neither, nor
    اَبْ بُو اَبْ اُولْ ― Ap bū ap ol. ― Neither this nor that.

### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 3

### Further reading

* al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 34
* al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Ercilasun, Ahmet B., Akkoyunlu Ziyat, transl., Kâşgarlı Mahmud Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Giriş - Metin - Çeviri - Notlar - Dizin [Mahmud al-Kashgari's “Compendium of the languages of the Turks” Introduction - Texts - Translation - Notes - Index] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 1120) (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 2020, →ISBN, page 15

## North Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَب (ʔab).

### Noun

أب • (ʔabb) m (construct state أبو (ʔabu), plural أبات (ʔabbāt) or أبهات (ʔabbahāt) or أبوات (ʔabbawāt))
* (Syria) father
    Synonym: بي (bayy) (Lebanon)
    Coordinate term: إم (ʔimm, “mother”)

#### Usage notes

* When a suffix pronoun is added, either أب (ʔab-) or the construct form is used, e.g. أبي / أبوي (ʔabi / ʔabūy, “my father”).

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic أَب (ʔab).

### Noun

أبّ • (ʔabb) m (construct state أبو (ʔabu), plural أبّهات (ʔabbahāt))
* Alternative form of أبو (ʔabu, “father”)