# ith
## English
### Etymology 1

From i +‎ -th.

#### Alternative forms

* ith
* Sometimes written as i'th or i-th

#### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /aɪθ/, [aɪ̯θ]
* Rhymes: -aɪθ

#### Adjective

ith (not comparable)
* (mathematics) Occurring at position i in a sequence.

##### Related terms

* nth

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Pitman ess and ish, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents.

#### Pronunciation

* (UK, US) IPA: /ɪθ/
* Rhymes: -ɪθ

#### Noun

ith (plural iths)
* The letter ⟨(⟩, which stands for the th sound (/θ/) in Pitman shorthand.

##### Related terms

* thee
* ish
* theta, the name of the IPA letter for this sound

### Anagrams

* HIT, Thi, hit, iht, thi-

## Albanian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Albanian *its, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs (“from, out of”). Related to Lithuanian ìš, Latvian iz and Old Prussian is. The change in meaning is a part of the wider sematic shift of prepositions (see nga); the old meaning is preserved in the prefix sh- (partially influenced by a homonymous prefix of Latin origin continuing Latin dis-).

#### Adverb

ith
* (obsolete) behind

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ith (aorist itha, participle ithur)
* to follow someone

##### Conjugation

* Show compound tenses:

##### Related terms

* ind

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ith”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980

## Irish
### Etymology

From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-. The future stem is from Old Irish ·íss, from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸitsāti.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i(h)/
* (Aran) IPA: /iː/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ɪç/

### Verb

ith (present analytic itheann, future analytic íosfaidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ite)
* to eat

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | ithe | ithe | ithe | ithe | ithe | ithe | ithe | ithe |
| past participle | ite | ite | ite | ite | ite | ite | ite | ite |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | ithim | itheann tú; ithir$^†$ | itheann sé, sí | ithimid; itheann muid | itheann sibh | itheann siad; ithid$^†$ | a itheann; a itheas / a n-itheann*; a n-itheas* | itear |
| past | d'ith mé; d'itheas / ith mé‡; itheas‡ | d'ith tú; d'ithis / ith tú‡; ithis‡ | d'ith sé, sí / ith sé, sí‡ | d'itheamar; d'ith muid / itheamar‡; ith muid‡ | d'ith sibh; d'itheabhair / ith sibh‡; itheabhair‡ | d'ith siad; d'itheadar / ith siad‡; itheadar‡ | a d'ith / ar ith* | itheadh; hitheadh$^†$ |
| past habitual | d'ithinn / ithinn‡; n-ithinn‡‡ | d'iteá / iteá‡; n-iteá‡‡ | d'itheadh sé, sí / itheadh sé, sí‡; n-itheadh‡‡ | d'ithimis; d'itheadh muid / ithimis‡; itheadh muid‡; n-ithimis‡‡; n-itheadh muid‡‡ | d'itheadh sibh / itheadh sibh‡; n-itheadh sibh‡‡ | d'ithidís; d'itheadh siad / ithidís‡; itheadh siad‡; n-ithidís‡‡; n-itheadh siad‡‡ | a d'itheadh / a n-itheadh* | d'ití / ití‡; n-ití‡‡ |
| future | íosfaidh mé; íosfad | íosfaidh tú; íosfair$^†$ | íosfaidh sé, sí | íosfaimid; íosfaidh muid | íosfaidh sibh | íosfaidh siad; íosfaid$^†$ | a íosfaidh, a íosfas / a n-íosfaidh*; a n-íosfas* | íosfar |
| conditional | d'íosfainn / íosfainn‡; n-íosfainn‡‡ | d'íosfá / íosfá‡; n-íosfá‡‡ | d'íosfadh sé, sí / íosfadh sé, sí‡; n-íosfadh sé, sí‡‡ | d'íosfaimis; d'íosfadh muid / íosfaimis‡; íosfadh muid‡; n-íosfaimis‡‡; n-íosfadh muid‡‡ | d'íosfadh sibh / íosfadh sibh‡; n-íosfadh sibh‡‡ | d'íosfaidís; d'íosfadh siad / íosfaidís‡; íosfadh siad‡; n-íosfaidís‡‡; n-íosfadh siad‡‡ | a d'íosfadh / a n-íosfadh* | d'íosfaí / íosfaí‡; n-íosfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go n-ithe mé; go n-ithead$^†$ | go n-ithe tú; go n-ithir$^†$ | go n-ithe sé, sí | go n-ithimid; go n-ithe muid | go n-ithe sibh | go n-ithe siad; go n-ithid$^†$ | — | go n-itear |
| past | dá n-ithinn | dá n-iteá | dá n-itheadh sé, sí | dá n-ithimis; dá n-itheadh muid | dá n-itheadh sibh | dá n-ithidís; dá n-itheadh siad | — | dá n-ití |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | ithim | ith | itheadh sé, sí | ithimis | ithigí; ithidh$^†$ | ithidís | — | itear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡ dependent form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)
in parts of Munster (e.g. Cape Clear Island, County Clare), the following forms of the past tense are found in addition to the those listed above:
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| past | duas | duais | duaidh sé, sí | duamair | duabhair | duadar | a dhuaidh / ar dhuaidh* | duadh |

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 543, page 294/
* ↑ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 136
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 345, page 118

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Holmer, Nils M. (1962) The Dialects of Co. Clare, part I, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, page 151
* Ó Buachalla, Breandán (2003) An Teanga Bheo: Gaeilge Chléire (in Irish), Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, →ISBN, page 82

## Old Irish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸitu, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“food, nutrition”); from the same root is derived ithid (“to eat”). Cognate with Welsh ŷd.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iθ/

#### Noun

ith n (genitive etho, no plural)
* corn, grain

##### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Descendants

* Irish: ioth

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iθʲ/

#### Verb

ith
* second-person singular imperative of ithid

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iç/

### Verb

ith (past dh'ith, future ithidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ithte)
* eat
    Ith do leòr! ― Bon appetit!
    Ith, òl agus bi subhach! ― Eat, drink, and be merry!

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Lewis dialect form

#### Derived terms

* bioran-ithe (“chopstick”)
* bun-itheadair (“primary consumer”)
* feòil-itheach (“carnivore”)
* feòil-itheadair (“carnivorous”)
* feur-itheach, lus-itheach (“herbivore”)
* iar-itheadair (“secondary consumer”)
* itheadair (“eater”)
* itheadair-sheanganan (“anteater”)
* lus-itheadair (“herbivorous”)
* mì-rian ithe (“eating disorder”)
* seòmar-ithe (“dining room”)
* so-ithe, ion-ithe (“edible”)
* uidheam-ithe (“(a piece of) cutlery”)
* uil-itheadair (“omnivore”)

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “ith”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Welsh
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). Not related to gwenith (“wheat”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iːθ/
* Rhymes: -iːθ

### Noun

ith m (plural ithion or ithau)
* (not in science) particle, atom, a grain
    Synonyms: mymryn, gronyn, brot, atom
* grain, corn.
    Synonym: gronyn

#### Derived terms

* ithfaen (“granite”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ith”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies