# 荔

| 荔 | U+8354, &#33620; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8354 |
| ← 荓 [U+8353] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 荕 → [U+8355] |

## Translingual
### Han character

荔 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿大尸尸 (TKSS), four-corner 4422$_7$, composition ⿱艹劦)

#### Derived characters

* 𰑾, 𢲊, 𬃹, 𦴾

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1031, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30865
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3212, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8354

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 荔 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 栛 | *reːbs |
| 珕 | *reːbs, *rebs |
| 荔 | *reːbs, *rebs |
| 脅 | *hlams, *hlab |
| 姭 | *hlams |
| 搚 | *raːb, *raːb |
| 拹 | *hlab |
| 愶 | *hlab |
| 嗋 | *hlab |
| 熁 | *hlab |
| 協 | *ɦleːb |
| 勰 | *ɦleːb |
| 劦 | *ɦleːb |
| 叶 | *ɦleːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *reːbs, *rebs): semantic 艸 + phonetic 劦 (OC *ɦleːb).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lì (li$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lai$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lai$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): li$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lí / li
* Jin (Wiktionary): lieh$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): lié
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): noe$^5$ / nui$^5$ / le$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): nāi / lāi / nǎi / nūi / lē / liān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): noi$^7$ / li$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$li
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lì
*** Wade–Giles: li$^4$
*** Yale: lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
*** Palladius: ли (li)
*** Sinological IPA : /li⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lai$^6$
*** Yale: laih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐi̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: lai$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lai³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: li$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /li¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lí
*** Hakka Romanization System: li$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /li³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
*** Hakka Romanization System: li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: lieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /liəʔ²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lié
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃iɛ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: noe$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /nø²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: nui$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /nui²¹/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: le$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lā̤
*** Sinological IPA : /le²¹/
* noe5/nui5 - vernacular;
* le5 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: ljeH, lejH
Rime :
| Character | 荔 | 荔 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 力智切 | 郎計切 |
| Baxter | ljeH | lejH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /liᴇ$^H$/ | /lei$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɛ$^H$/ | /lei$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ljɛ$^H$/ | /lɛi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /liə̆$^H$/ | /lɛj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /lie$^H$/ | /lei$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /lǐe$^H$/ | /liei$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /lie̯$^H$/ | /liei$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lì | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lei$^6$ | lai$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤep-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*reːbs/, /*rebs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 荔 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lej$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ˁep-s/ |
| English | herb whose roots are made into brushes |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 荔 | 荔 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13776 | 13777 |
| Phonetic component | 劦 | 劦 |
| Rime group | 蓋 | 蓋 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 麗 | 詈 |
| Old Chinese | /*reːbs/ | /*rebs/ |

### Definitions

荔
* Alternative name for 馬藺／马蔺 (“Iris lactea”).
* Short for 荔枝 (lìzhī, “lychee”).
* Used in 薜荔 (bìlì).
* a surname

### Compounds

* 丹荔 (dānlì)
* 大荔 (Dàlì)
* 大荔人
* 番荔枝 (fānlìzhī)
* 粉荔
* 粉荔枝
* 綠荔枝 / 绿荔枝
* 荔奴
* 荔子 (lìzǐ)
* 荔挺
* 荔枝 (lìzhī)
* 荔枝奴 (lìzhīnú)
* 荔枝蝽
* 荔枝香
* 荔波 (Lìbō)
* 荔浦 (Lìpǔ)
* 荔浦芋
* 荔粉
* 荔芋 (lìyù)
* 萆荔 (bìlì)
* 薜荔 (bìlì)
* 薜荔多
* 薜荔衣
* 蜜荔枝
* 都荔
* 錦荔枝 / 锦荔枝 (jǐnlìzhī)
* 阿荔散
* 香荔
* 馬荔 / 马荔
* 龍荔 / 龙荔

### References

* “荔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “荔 (～枝)”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 158.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: らい (rai)、り (ri)
* Kan-on: れい (rei)、り (ri)
* On: れん (ren)
* Kun: おおにら (ōnira, 荔)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

荔: Hán Nôm readings: lệ, lê
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.