# gli
## Alemannic German
### Alternative forms

* glii

### Etymology

From Middle High German gelīch, from Old High German gilīh, from Proto-West Germanic *galīk, from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz. Compare German gleich.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡ̊li/

### Adverb

gli
* soon
    Synonym: bald

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* li (archaic)
* gl' (obsolete spelling, before ⟨i⟩)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before a consonant) $^*$/ʎi/, (before a vowel) $^*$/ʎ/$^*$
* Hyphenation: gli

### Etymology 1

From Latin illī (nominative masculine plural of ille). Cognate with Sicilian li~i.

#### Article

gli m pl (singular lo)
* form of the article i (“the”) used before a vowel, impure s, gn, pn, ps, x, y, and z, and also with the plural noun dei (“gods”); the
    gli alberi ― the trees
    gli studenti ― the students
    gli gnomi ― the gnomes
    gli pneumatici ― the tires
    gli xilofoni ― the xylophones
    gli yogurt ― the yogurts
    gli zaini ― the backpacks
    gli dei ― the gods

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Latin illī (dative masculine singular of ille). Cognate with Sicilian ci.

#### Pronoun

gli m (plural gli)
* (dative) him, to him; it; to it
    Gli parlo. ― I talk to him.

##### Usage notes

* Becomes glie- when followed by a non-reflexive third-person accusative or genitive clitic pronoun (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

### Etymology 3

From Latin illī (dative feminine singular of ille). Cognate with Sicilian ci.

#### Pronoun

gli f (plural gli)
* (dative, informal) her, to her
** ca. 1349-1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron, Tommaso Edlin (1725), page 98:
    […] ne prima altro fece, che ella s’ingegnò di veder Beltramo, & appreſſo nel coſpetto del Re venuta di gratia chieſe, che la ſua infermita gli moſtraſſe.Before aught else she studied to see Bertrand and next, presenting herself before the king, she prayed him of his favour/favor to show her his ailment.
    Synonym: le
    Ho detto a Gianna che gli telefono domani.I told Gianna I'd call her tomorrow.

##### Usage notes

* Becomes glie- when followed by a third-person direct-object clitic pronoun (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
* Although historically attested and etymologically justifiable (from illī f sg), this form is nonetheless, to this day, considered incorrect and is therefore only acceptable in an informal, colloquial context and register.

### Etymology 4

From Latin illīs (dative plural of ille). Cognate with Sicilian ci.

#### Pronoun

gli m pl or f pl
* (dative) them, to them
    Gli parlerò. ― I'll talk to them.
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:gli.

##### Usage notes

* Becomes glie when followed by a third-person direct-object clitic pronoun (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

##### Derived terms

* gliela
* gliele
* glieli
* glielo
* gliene

#### See also

| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
| Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | mi, m', -mi | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | — |
| Singular | second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | ti, t', -ti | ti, t', -ti | te | te | — | — |
| Singular | third | m | lui | si$^2$, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se$^2$ | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' |
| Singular | third | f | lei, Lei$^1$ | si$^2$, s', -si | la, La$^1$, l', L'$^1$, -la, -La$^1$ | le$^3$, Le$^1$, -le$^3$, -Le$^1$ | glie, se$^2$ | lei, Lei$^1$, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' |
| Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ci, c', -ci | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | — |
| Plural | second | — | voi, Voi$^4$ | vi, Vi$^4$, v', V'$^4$, -vi, -Vi$^4$ | vi, Vi$^4$, v', V'$^4$, -vi, -Vi$^4$ | vi, Vi$^4$, v', V'$^4$, -vi, -Vi$^4$ | ve | voi, Voi$^4$ | — | — |
| Plural | third | m | loro, Loro$^1$ | si, s', -si | li, Li$^1$, -li, -Li$^1$ | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro$^1$ | glie, se | loro, Loro$^1$, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' |
| Plural | third | f | loro, Loro$^1$ | si, s', -si | le, Le$^1$, -le, -Le$^1$ | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro$^1$ | glie, se | loro, Loro$^1$, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' |
| $^1$ | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. |
| $^2$ | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. |
| $^3$ | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. |
| $^4$ | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |

### References

* ↑ Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana (2012) “gli o le?”, in La grammatica italiana

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* glida, glide (long forms)

### Etymology

From Middle Low German gliden, from Proto-Germanic *glīdaną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡliː/
* Homophone: glid

### Verb

gli (present tense glir, past tense glei, supine glidd/glidt or glide, past participle glidd or gliden, present participle glidande, imperative gli)
* to slip (to lose one's traction on a slippery surface)
    Han glei på isen.He slipped on the ice.
* to glide (to move effortlessly)
    Skia glir godt.The skis glide well.

### References

* “gli” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Noun

gli n
* a fry (young fish)
    Synonym: fiskyngel
* Alternative form of glin (“(mischievous) child”)

#### Declension
### References

* gli in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* gli in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* gli in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)