# abandon
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /əˈbæn.dən/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (Canada):(file)
* Hyphenation: aban‧don

### Etymology 1

* From Middle English abandounen, from Old French abandoner, formed from a (“at, to”) + bandon (“jurisdiction, control”), from Late Latin bannum (“proclamation”), bannus, bandum, from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command”) (compare English ban), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). See also ban, banal.
* Displaced Middle English forleten (“to abandon”), from Old English forlǣtan, anforlǣtan; see forlet; and Middle English forleven (“to leave behind, abandon”), from Old English forlǣfan; see forleave.

#### Verb

abandon (third-person singular simple present abandons, present participle abandoning, simple past and past participle abandoned)
* (transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
** 1856, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II. Volume 3, page 312:[…] he abandoned himself […] to his favourite vice.
* (transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
** 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 188, number 23, page 19:In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.
* (transitive) To leave behind; to desert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15th century.]
    Many baby girls have been abandoned on the streets of Beijing.
    She abandoned her husband for a new man.
** 1832, Isaac Taylor, Saturday Evening‎, page 3:Hope was overthrown, and yet could not be abandoned.
* (transitive, obsolete) To subdue; to take control of. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 16th century.]
* (transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.]
** 1594, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew, act I, scene ii:Being all this time abandoned from your bed.
* (transitive) To no longer exercise a right, title, or interest, especially with no interest of reclaiming it again; to yield; to relinquish. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]
    I hereby abandon my position as manager.
* (transitive) To surrender to the insurer (an insured item), so as to claim a total loss.

##### Conjugation

$^†$ Archaic or obsolete.

##### Synonyms

* abdicate
* abjure
* blin
* cast aside
* cease
* cede
* deliver up
* depart from
* desert
* desist from
* discontinue
* dispense with
* drop
* forgo
* forlet
* forsake
* forswear
* give up
* jilt
* leave behind
* part with
* quit
* recant
* relinquish
* renounce
* repudiate
* resign
* retire
* retract
* run out on
* surrender
* vacate
* waive
* withdraw from
* withsake
* yield

##### Antonyms

* acquire
* adopt
* advocate
* arrogate
* cherish
* claim
* defend
* embrace
* engage
* gain
* hold
* join
* keep
* maintain
* occupy
* protect
* retain
* undertake
* unite
* uphold
* vindicate

##### Derived terms

* aband
* abandonable
* abandoned
* abandonee
* abandoner
* abandon hope all ye who enter here
* abandonment
* abandon ship
* abandonware
* all hope abandon ye who enter here
* reabandon
* unabandon

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English abandoun, from Old French abandon, from Old French abondonner.

#### Noun

abandon (countable and uncountable, plural abandons)
* A yielding to natural impulses or inhibitions; freedom from artificial constraint, with loss of appreciation of consequences. [Early 19th century.] (Now especially in the phrase with abandon.)
    Synonyms: wantonness, unrestraint, libertinism, abandonment, profligacy, unconstraint
    with gay abandon, with wild abandon
** 1846, The New Monthly Magazine and Universal Register, page 453:The Italian painters have an abandon in their chiar' oscuro which mellows up their flesh tints in a way that no other school can imitate : the frigidity of their outline is another remarkable feature, and the harmony of their impasto is unique.
** 1954, Gore Vidal, Messiah:I envy those chroniclers who assert with reckless but sincere abandon: 'I was there. I saw it happen. It happened thus.'
** 2007 November 4, David M. Halbfinger, “The City That Never Sleeps, Comatose”, in The New York Times‎:They needed to have an abandon in their performance that you just can’t get out of people in the middle of the night when they’re barefoot.
* (obsolete) Abandonment; relinquishment.

##### Derived terms

* abandonly
* abandonness

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abandon”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 2.
* ↑ Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “abandon”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 1.
* ↑ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 2.

## French
### Etymology

From Old French (mettre) a bandon (“to deliver”, literally “to place in someone's power”). Gamillscheg suggests a derivation from Old French a ban donner, but the Trésor de la langue française considers this unlikely, as the phrase is not attested.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.bɑ̃.dɔ̃/
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔ̃

### Noun

abandon m (plural abandons)
* surrender; desertion; withdrawal
    abandon scolaire ― the action of dropping out of school
    abandon de poste ― desertion of one's post
* abandonment, abandoning
    faire l’abandon de quelque chose ― to give something up
    tour d’abandon ― foundling wheel
* state of neglect
    être à l’abandon ― to be in a state of complete neglect
    laisser à l’abandon ― to abandon; to allo to fall into decay;
* (literary) abandon, unrestraint (yielding to natural impulses or inhibitions; freedom from artificial constraint)

#### Derived terms

* abandonner

#### Descendants

* Norwegian Bokmål: abandon

### Further reading

* “abandon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Friulian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

abandon m (plural abandons)
* abandonment

### References

* ARLEF
* Dizionari Furlan Talian

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* abandoun, abaundun

### Etymology

From Old French abandon.

### Adverb

abandon (not comparable)
* Freely; entirely.
** 1330, Arthour and Merlin:His ribbes and scholder fel adoun / Men might se the liver abandoun.His ribs and shoulder fell down / Men might see the liver entirely.

#### References

* “abandǒun, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From French abandon (“surrender, abandonment”), from Old French mettre a bandon (“to deliver, place at someone's disposition”), last part from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command, summon, ban”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abaŋˈdɔŋ/, /abanˈdɔŋ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔŋ
* Hyphenation: a‧ban‧don

### Noun

abandon m (definite singular abandonen, indefinite plural abandoner, definite plural abandonene)
* (law) the right to, under certain circumstances, waive ownership of an insured ship or cargo to the insurer and claim compensation for total loss
* (obsolete) indifference
** 1917, Ludvig Daae, Paul Botten Hansen, page 64:[Botten Hansen] skrev med saa stor abandon, at mere end een troskyldig læser indigneredes paa hans vegne[Botten Hansen] wrote with such great abandon that more than one innocent reader was indignant on his behalf
** 1992, Olaf Bull, Ild og skygger, page 101:den evige varme pludringen hos denne damen, med intelligente smaa «abandoner» i tanken, denne uendelige «bjerg- og dalbane» i tankenthe eternal hot chatter of this lady, with intelligent little "abandons" in the tank, this endless "roller coaster" in the tank

#### Derived terms

* abandonere
* abandonfrist
* abandonrett

### References

* “abandon” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French abandon. First attested in 1830.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈban.dɔn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -andɔn
* Syllabification: a‧ban‧don

### Noun

abandon m inan
* (law, nautical) legal waiving of rights to one's ship that has lost trade value (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)
    zgłoszenie abandonu ― registration of abandonment of one's ship

#### Related terms

* abandonware

### References

* ↑ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “abandon”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
* ↑ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “abandon”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
* ↑ Tygodnik Petersburski‎, number cz.2, nr 31, 1830, page 252

### Further reading

* abandon in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* abandon in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* абандон (abandon) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

### Etymology

Borrowed from French abandon.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abanˈdon/
* Rhymes: -on
* Hyphenation: a‧ban‧dón

### Noun

abandon n (plural abandonuri)
* abandonment
* renouncement

#### Related terms

* abandona