# -dom
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English -dom, from Old English -dōm (“-dom: state, condition, power, authority, property, right, office, quality”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-dōm, from Proto-Germanic *-dōmaz.
Cognate with Scots -dom (“-dom”), North Frisian -dom (“-dom”), West Frisian -dom (“-dom”), Dutch -dom (“-dom”), Low German -dom (“-dom”), German -tum (“-dom”), Danish -dom (“-dom”) -dømme (“-dom”), Swedish -dom (“-dom”) -döme (“-dom”), Norwegian -dom (“-dom”), Icelandic -dómur (“-dom”), Norwegian Bokmål -dømme, Norwegian Nynorsk -døme. Same as Old English dōm (“doom, judgment, sentence, condemnation, ordeal, judicial sentence, decree, ordinance, law, custom; justice, equity; direction, ruling, governing, command; might, power, supremacy, majesty, glory, magnificence, splendor, reputation, honor, praise, dignity, authority; state, condition”). No relation to English domain or dominion. More at doom.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /-dəm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Suffix

-dom
* Forming nouns denoting the condition or state of the root word.
    boredom, freedom, martyrdom, stardom
* Forming nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the root word.
    Christendom, fiefdom, kingdom, Saxondom
* Forming nouns — usually nonce words — denoting the set of all examples of the suffixed word.
    catdom, dogdom, furrydom, gothdom, wingdom
** 2011 March 19, Caitlin Moran, The Times:It is only the English language that has let the cabbage down – giving it, quite frankly, the ugliest name in all of veg-dom.
** 1995, Isabel Fonseca, Bury Me Standing, Vintage, published 2007, page 74:there always seemed to be one outrageous beauty: an angel who would have been forced into indentured topmodeldom had she been found on a Paris bus; or a wavy-lipped, chisel-chinned, almond-eyed boy-warrior out of the Iliad, as beautiful as humans come.
* (fandom slang) Forming nouns denoting the fandom of the suffixed word.
    Potterdom, stfdom

#### Derived terms

* apedom
* birddom
* boredom
* crocodiledom
* fishdom
* freedom
* frogdom
* halidom
* heirdom
* mammaldom
* martyrdom
* muscledom
* reptiledom
* saintdom
* selfdom
* sharkdom
* stardom
* whoredom
* wisdom
* Christendom
* computerdom
* dukedom
* earldom
* fandom
* fiefdom
* filmdom
* gaydom
* kingdom
* moviedom
* planetdom
* popedom
* princedom
* sheikdom

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* MOD, MoD, ODM, mod, mod.

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Danish -dom, from Old Norse -dómr.

### Suffix

-dom
* Indicates a condition, situation or period.
* Indicates a religion, teaching or similar.

#### Derived terms
### See Also

* -skab
* -hed

### References

* “-dom” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch -dom, from Old Dutch -duom, from Proto-West Germanic *-dōm, from Proto-Germanic *-dōmaz.
Cognate with English -dom, German -tum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɔm/
* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-dom n
* (unproductive) belonging to a domain or territory
    ‎groothertog (“grand duke”) + ‎-dom → ‎groothertogdom (“grand duchy”)
* belonging to a tribe of people
    ‎Jood (“Jew”) + ‎-dom → ‎jodendom (“Judaism”)
-dom m
* forms nouns with the quality or condition of the adjective stem
    ‎rijk (“wealthy”) + ‎-dom → ‎rijkdom (“wealth”)

#### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ J. de Vries & F. de Tollenaere, "Etymologisch Woordenboek", Uitgeverij Het Spectrum, Utrecht, 1986 (14de druk)

## Low German
### Alternative forms

* -doom

### Etymology

From Middle Low German -dôm, from Old Saxon -dōm. Cognate with English -dom, Dutch -dom, German -tum.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doːm/, /doʊ̯m/, /dɔʊ̯m/

### Suffix

-dom
* belonging to a domain or territory (e.g. Hartogdom (“duchy”); this sense is no longer productive)
* quality or condition of the adjective stem (e.g. Riekdom less productive than suffixes like -heit)

#### Derived terms

* Christendom, Cristendom
* Egendom
* Freedom
* Hartogdom
* Hilligdom
* Rikdom, Riekdom
* Süükdom
* Wassdom
* Öllerdom

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* -dam, -dame, -dome, -don, -doom, -dum

### Etymology

Inherited from Old English -dōm, from Proto-West Germanic *-dōm, from Proto-Germanic *-dōmaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /-doːm/
* (reduced) IPA: /-dum/, /-dam/

### Suffix

-dom
* Forming nouns denoting a state, condition, or office; -dom.
* Forming nouns denoting a condition or quality; -dom.

#### Descendants

* English: -dom
* Scots: -dom

#### References

* ↑ Jordan, Richard (1974) Eugene Crook, transl., Handbook of the Middle English Grammar: Phonology (Janua Linguarum; 214)‎, The Hague: Mouton & Co. N.V., →DOI, § 137, page 140.
* ↑ “-dọ̄m, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse -dómr.

### Suffix

-dom
* Suffix used to form nouns out of adjectives, meaning the quality, property or condition of the adjective.

#### Derived terms
### References

* “-dom” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse -dómr.

### Suffix

-dom
* Suffix used to form nouns out of adjectives, meaning the quality, property or condition of the adjective.

#### Derived terms
### References

* “-dom” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *-dōm, from Proto-Germanic *-dōmaz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /doːm/

### Suffix

-dōm m
* used to derive abstract nouns: -dom
    ‎cristen (“Christian”) + ‎-dom → ‎cristendōm (“Christianity”)
    ‎ealdor (“elder”) + ‎-dom → ‎ealdordōm (“authority”)
    ‎frēo (“free”) + ‎-dom → ‎frēodōm (“freedom”)
    ‎hǣþen (“pagan”) + ‎-dom → ‎hǣþendōm (“paganism”)

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Descendants

* Middle English: -dom, -dam, -dame, -dome, -don, -doom, -dum
** English: -dom
** Scots: -dom

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From dōm (“state, condition, authority, jurisdiction”), from Proto-West Germanic *-dōm.

### Suffix

-dōm
* (belonging to a) domain or jurisdiction
* condition or quality

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: -dôm
** Low German: -dom

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Norse -dómr.

### Suffix

-dom c
* -hood, -ledge, -ness, -dom; making a noun (representing a state) from an adjective or noun
    ‎rik (“rich”) + ‎-dom → ‎rikedom (“wealth, fortune”)
    ‎ung (“young”) + ‎-dom → ‎ungdom (“youth”)
    ‎barn (“child”) + ‎-dom → ‎barndom (“childhood”)

#### Usage notes

* These nouns don't double the m in definite or plural forms, e.g. rikedomen, ungdomar. This is the same for the noun dom (“judgement, verdict”).

#### See also

* -döme

### Anagrams

* mod