# 閒

| 閒 | U+9592, &#38290; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9592 |
| ← 閑 [U+9591] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 間 → [U+9593] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 閒 |
| Simplified | 闲 |
| Japanese | 閑 |
| Korean | 閑 |

### Han character

閒 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓月 (ANB), four-corner 7722$_7$, composition ⿵門月)

#### Derived characters

* 僩(𰂎), 嫺, 𡼥, 憪(𰑥), 撊(𪭾), 㵎, 𤡥, 橌, 𣩞, 燗, 𦠥, 瞯(𰥨), 礀, 襉, 𮇻, 繝, 𧤽, 譋, 𧯎, 𨆀, 𨎫, 𨣇, 鐗, 𩦂, 𩻘, 𪙩
* 覵, 鷳, 蕑, 𥳑, 鬜, 癇

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1332, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41248
* Dae Jaweon: page 1838, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4289, character 6
* Unihan data for U+9592

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閒 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 間 | *kreːn, *kreːns |
| 簡 | *kreːnʔ |
| 澗 | *kreːns, *kraːns |
| 鐧 | *kreːns, *kraːns |
| 蕑 | *kreːn |
| 覵 | *kreːn, *kreːns, *pkrenʔ |
| 襉 | *kreːnʔ, *kreːns |
| 僩 | *kreːnʔ, *ɡraːnʔ |
| 鬜 | *kʰreːn, *kʰraːn, *kʰreːd |
| 癇 | *ɡreːn |
| 瞯 | *ɡreːn |
| 憪 | *ɡreːn, *ɡraːnʔ |
| 橌 | *ɡraːnʔ |
| 撊 | *ɡraːnʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間).

### Etymology 1

Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”).
Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”).
Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xián (xian$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): haan$^4$ / haan$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): han$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): han$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hàn
    (Hailu, HRS): han
    (Meixian, Guangdong): han$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xie$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ǎing
* Eastern Min (BUC): èng / hàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): e$^2$ / iⁿ$^2$ / hang$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): êng / ûiⁿ / âiⁿ / hân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): oin$^5$ / ain$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$ghe; $^6$yi / $^2$ghe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): han$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xián
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sián
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^2$
*** Yale: syán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xian$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xian
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɛn²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haan$^4$ / haan$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: hàahn / háan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haan$^4$ / haan$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: han$^4$ / han$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːn²¹/, /haːn²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: han$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /han²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: han$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /han²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: han$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: han$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /han¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: han
*** Sinological IPA: /han⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: han$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /han¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǎing
*** Sinological IPA : /aiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: èng / hàng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɛiŋ⁵³/, /haŋ⁵³/
* èng - vernacular;
* hàng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit閒 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕian³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕian²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕian⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕiã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕian⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕian⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xiɛn²¹³/ 休～ /xan²¹³/ 不得～ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /ɕian³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕian²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiɛ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕien²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕie³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ /ɦie²³/ /ɦi²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɦa³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕie⁴⁴/ /xɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xan¹³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɦan¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /han²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /han¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hɑn¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /han²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hɛn²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /han²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ham³⁵/ /hiŋ³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ɛiŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /aiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /õi⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /haŋ³¹/ /ai³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: hean
Rime :
| Character | 閒 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 戸閒切 |
| Baxter | hean |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠɛn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚæn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣæn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣăn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤre[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 閒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hɛn › |
| Old Chinese | /*N-kˁre[n]/ |
| English | idle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 閒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13531 |
| Phonetic component | 閑 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 閑 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡreːn/ |

#### Definitions

閒
* not busy; idle
       Chòng bā kák-èng. / [t͡sʰouŋ⁵³ pa³³ kʰaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ɛiŋ⁵³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
       Have nothing else to do. / Don't you have nothing else to do? / Mind your own concerns/business.
* vacant; unoccupied; unused
* leisurely and carefree
* trivial; unimportant
* unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others
* relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm
* leisure; spare time; free time
* (gambling) player (instead of banker)
* a surname
* (Hakka) Alternative form of 還 / 还 (“very”)

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “not busy”): 忙 (máng)

#### Compounds

* 不得閒 / 不得闲
* 不管閒事 / 不管闲事
* 不識閒 / 不识闲 (bùshíxián)
* 不顧閒野 / 不顾闲野
* 乞閒 / 乞闲 (qǐxián)
* 休閒 / 休闲 (xiūxián)
* 休閒活動 / 休闲活动
* 住閒 / 住闲
* 偷閒 / 偷闲 (tōuxián)
* 優閒 / 优闲 (yōuxián)
* 包攬閒事 / 包揽闲事
* 匹如閒 / 匹如闲
* 吃閒話 / 吃闲话
* 多管閒事 / 多管闲事 (duōguǎnxiánshì)
* 好管閒事 / 好管闲事 (hào guǎn xiánshì)
* 安閒 / 安闲 (ānxián)
* 小閒 / 小闲
* 少管閒事 / 少管闲事 (shǎoguǎnxiánshì)
* 幽閒 / 幽闲
* 得閒 / 得闲 (déxián)
* 心閒 / 心闲
* 忙裡偷閒 / 忙里偷闲 (mánglǐtōuxián)
* 悠閒 / 悠闲 (yōuxián)
* 悠閒自在 / 悠闲自在
* 打閒 / 打闲
* 扯閒白 / 扯闲白
* 投閒置散 / 投闲置散 (tóuxiánzhìsǎn)
* 抽閒 / 抽闲 (chōuxián)
* 攬閒事 / 揽闲事
* 有閒 / 有闲
* 村閒 / 村闲
* 氣定神閒 / 气定神闲 (qìdìngshénxián)
* 消閒 / 消闲 (xiāoxián)
* 清閒 / 清闲 (qīngxián)
* 淘閒氣 / 淘闲气
* 游手好閒 / 游手好闲 (yóushǒuhàoxián)
* 渾閒 / 浑闲
* 猶閒 / 犹闲
* 白閒著 / 白闲著
* 空閒 / 空闲 (kòngxián)
* 等閒 / 等闲 (děngxián)
* 等閒之輩 / 等闲之辈 (děngxiánzhībèi)
* 等閒人物 / 等闲人物
* 等閒視之 / 等闲视之
* 管閒事 / 管闲事 (guǎnxiánshì)
* 罷閒 / 罢闲
* 說閒話 / 说闲话
* 說閒話兒 / 说闲话儿
* 譬如閒 / 譬如闲
* 買閒錢 / 买闲钱
* 賦閒 / 赋闲 (fùxián)
* 輕閒 / 轻闲
* 農閒 / 农闲 (nóngxián)
* 遊手好閒 / 游手好闲 (yóushǒuhàoxián)
* 野草閒花 / 野草闲花
* 野鶴閒雲 / 野鹤闲云
* 閒事 / 闲事 (xiánshì)
* 閒人 / 闲人 (xiánrén)
* 閒住 / 闲住 (xiánzhù)
* 閒來無事 / 闲来无事 (xiánláiwúshì)
* 閒可 / 闲可
* 閒地 / 闲地
* 閒坐 / 闲坐
* 閒官 / 闲官
* 閒家 / 闲家 (xiánjiā)
* 閒宴 / 闲宴
* 閒居 / 闲居 (xiánjū)
* 閒工夫 / 闲工夫 (xiángōngfu)
* 閒心 / 闲心
* 閒情 / 闲情 (xiánqíng)
* 閒情逸致 / 闲情逸致 (xiánqíngyìzhì)
* 閒情逸趣 / 闲情逸趣
* 閒愁 / 闲愁
* 閒房 / 闲房
* 閒打牙兒 / 闲打牙儿
* 閒扯 / 闲扯 (xiánchě)
* 閒扯淡 / 闲扯淡
* 閒敘 / 闲叙
* 閒散 / 闲散 (xiánsǎn)
* 閒晃 / 闲晃 (xiánhuàng)
* 閒時 / 闲时 (xiánshí)
* 閒暇 / 闲暇 (xiánxiá)
* 閒書 / 闲书 (xiánshū)
* 閒月 / 闲月
* 閒步 / 闲步
* 閒民 / 闲民
* 閒氣 / 闲气
* 閒漢 / 闲汉 (xiánhàn)
* 閒燕 / 闲燕
* 閒理會 / 闲理会
* 閒田 / 闲田 (xiántián)
* 閒盤兒 / 闲盘儿
* 閒磕牙 / 闲磕牙
* 閒空 / 闲空 (xiánkòng)
* 閒篇兒 / 闲篇儿 (xiánpiānr)
* 閒置 / 闲置 (xiánzhì)
* 閒聊 / 闲聊 (xiánliáo)
* 閒聒七 / 闲聒七
* 閒職 / 闲职 (xiánzhí)
* 閒花野草 / 闲花野草
* 閒茶浪酒 / 闲茶浪酒
* 閒蕩 / 闲荡 (xiándàng)
* 閒言 / 闲言
* 閒言亂語 / 闲言乱语
* 閒言碎語 / 闲言碎语
* 閒言長語 / 闲言长语
* 閒言閒事 / 闲言闲事
* 閒言閒語 / 闲言闲语
* 閒話 / 闲话 (xiánhuà)
* 閒話家常 / 闲话家常 (xiánhuàjiācháng)
* 閒語 / 闲语
* 閒談 / 闲谈 (xiántán)
* 閒逛 / 闲逛 (xiánguàng)
* 閒逸 / 闲逸
* 閒遊 / 闲游
* 閒適 / 闲适 (xiánshì)
* 閒錢 / 闲钱 (xiánqián)
* 閒雜人等 / 闲杂人等
* 閒雲孤鶴 / 闲云孤鹤
* 閒雲野鶴 / 闲云野鹤
* 閒章 / 闲章
* 雍容閒雅
* 餘閒 / 余闲 (yúxián)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 閒 – see 間 (“among; between; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 間).

### References

* “閒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Korean
### Hanja

閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)
* leisure, idle
* peaceful, tranquil, calm

## Vietnamese
### Han character

閒: Hán Nôm readings: gian, nhàn, gián, nhờn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.