# ac
## English
### Etymology 1

Abbreviation.

#### Pronunciation

Pronunciation depends on if this is an initialism, in which case it is pronounced as the letters A and C, or if it is an abbreviation, in which case it is pronounced as the full word it abbreviates.
The pronunciation of the medical abbreviation depends on the preference of the user or reader, and whether it is translated from Latin or not.

#### Noun

ac (plural acs)
* account; money of account
* alicyclic
* Abbreviation of acre.
* Alternative letter-case form of AC (“air conditioning”)
* (electricity) Alternative letter-case form of AC (“alternating current”)

#### Adjective

ac (not comparable)
* (medicine) ante cibum, before meals

### Etymology 2

ac
* (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of accompany and related forms of that word (accompanying, accompanied, accompaniment, accompanist, etc.)
* (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of accomplish and related forms of that word (accomplishing, accomplished, accomplishment, etc.)

### See also

* ac etiam

### Anagrams

* ca, CA, C.A., ca., &ca., &ca

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* acu

### Etymology

From Latin acus. Compare Romanian ac.

### Noun

ac n (plural atsi/atse)
* needle

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ạ̄č (“hunger”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰀𐰲 (ač /⁠*āç⁠/, “hungry”), Turkish aç, see there for more cognates.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑd͡ʒ], [ɑd͡z]
* (Tabriz) IPA: [ɑʒ], [ad͡z]
* Audio (Baku):(file)

### Adjective

ac (comparative daha ac, superlative ən ac)
* hungry
    Antonym: tox
    Acından ölürəm. ― I am starving; I am dying of hunger. (literally, “of its hunger”)
    Acın andı and olmaz. ― An oath given by a hungry person is no oath. (proverb)
    Ac elə bilər hamı acdır, tox elə bilər hamı toxdur. ― The hungry think that all are hungry, the sated think that all are sated. (proverb)

#### Derived terms

* acgöz
* acıqmaq
* aclıq
* acmaq

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ạ̄č”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* ↑ Abuseitova, M. Kh, Bukhatuly, B., editors (2008), “𐰀𐰲”, in TÜRIK BITIG: Ethno Cultural Dictionary, Language Committee of Ministry of Culture and Information of Republic of Kazakhstan

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): ei$^1$ si$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ei$^1$ si$^1$
*** Yale: ēi sī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ei$^1$ si$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: éi$^1$ xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ei̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

### Noun

ac
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) Alternative form of AC

#### Related terms

* account

## Classical Nahuatl
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aːk/

### Pronoun

āc (plural āc ihqueh or āquihqueh)
* who?

#### Related terms

* ācah
* āquin
* ayāc

### References

* Karttunen, Frances (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 1
* Lockhart, James (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford: Stanford University Press, page 210

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak/

### Preposition

ac
* (Quebec, informal) Pronunciation spelling of avec.

## Ladin
### Noun

ac
* plural of at

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈak/, [ˈäk]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈak/, [ˈäk]
* Note: the consonant is geminate /kː/ if a vowel follows.

### Conjunction

ac
* Alternative form of atque

#### Usage notes

* Usually found before words beginning with consonants.

#### Descendants

* Italian: a (traces)
* Sardinian: a (traces)

### References

* “ac”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ac”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. more than once; repeatedly: semel atque iterum; iterum ac saepius; identidem; etiam atque etiam the position of the lower classes: condicio ac fortuna hominum infimi generis the result has surprised me; I was not prepared for this development: res aliter cecidit ac putaveram to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re written records; documents: litterae ac monumenta or simply monumenta a lifelike picture of everyday life: morum ac vitae imitatio to be an inexperienced speaker: rudem, tironem ac rudem (opp. exercitatum) esse in dicendo to arrange and divide the subject-matter: res componere ac digerere to hold by the letter (of the law): verba ac litteras or scriptum (legis) sequi (opp. sententia the spirit) somebody's darling: mel ac deliciae alicuius (Fam. 8. 8. 1) to think one thing, say another; to conceal one's opinions: aliter sentire ac loqui (aliud sentire, aliud loqui) without any disguise, frankly: sine fuco ac fallaciis (Att. 1. 1. 1) with moderation and judgment: modice ac sapienter a sound and sensible system of conduct: vitae ratio bene ac sapienter instituta to promise an oath to..: iureiurando ac fide se obstringere, ut to dwell in a certain place: domicilium (sedem ac domicilium) habere in aliquo loco to take up one's abode in a place, settle down somewhere: sedem ac domicilium (fortunas suas) constituere alicubi to live a luxurious and effeminate life: delicate ac molliter vivere to invite some one to one's house: invitare aliquem tecto ac domo or domum suam (Liv. 3. 14. 5) to shun publicity: publico carere, forum ac lucem fugere to cause universal disorder: omnia turbare ac miscere a man who has held many offices: honoribus ac reipublicae muneribus perfunctus (De Or. 1. 45) to trample all law under foot: ius ac fas omne delere the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30) to keep the coast and harbours in a state of blockade: litora ac portus custodia clausos tenere so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..: ac (sed) de ... satis dixi, dictum est

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* ak, ah, ach, oc, occ, ok, auh, auch, auȝ

### Etymology

From Old English ac, from Proto-West Germanic *ak, from Proto-Germanic *ak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak/

### Conjunction

ac
* but
** c. 1250, Lofsong Louerde:Ich liuie, nout ich, auh crist liueð in meI don't live, but Christ lives in me.
** c. 1325, Harrowing of Hell, lines 241–245:louerd, for þi muchele grace / graunt vs in heouene one place; / Let vs neuer be forloren / for no sinne, crist ycoren / ah bring vs out of helle pyne […]Lord, for your great grace / give us a place in heaven; / Don't let us ever be lost / to any sin, chosen Christ / but bring us out of Hell's torment. […]
** c. 1340, Dan Michel, “Þe oþer Godes Heste”, in Ayenbite of Inwyt:Ac þe ilke / þet zuereþ hidousliche be god / oþer by his halȝen / and him to-breȝþ / and zayþ him sclondres / þet ne byeþ naȝt to zigge: þe ilke zeneȝeþ dyadliche […]But one who / hideously swears by God / or by his emissaries / and who tears him apart / while saying to him lies / that shouldn't be said: they sin grievously. […]
** c. 1380, Sir Firumbras, lines 4413–4414:"Lordes", quaþ Richard, "Buþ noȝt agast, Ac holdeþ forþ ȝour way / an hast & boldeliche doþ ȝour dede […] ""Lords", said Richard, "Don't be frightened, but hold your way forwards / and quickly and boldy do your deed […] "

#### References

* “ac, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-01-12.

## Middle Welsh
### Alternative forms

* a

### Conjunction

ac
* and

### Preposition

ac
* with

## Old English
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *aik.

#### Alternative forms

* ǣċ, aac

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑːk/

#### Noun

āc f
* oak (wood or tree)
* (poetic) an oaken ship
* (masculine) (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚪ (a)

##### Declension

Feminine senses relating to oak:
Strong consonant stem:
Strong ō-stem:
Name of the rune:
Strong a-stem:

##### Descendants

* Middle English: ook, ok, ak, ake
** English: oak
** Scots: aik, ake, yik

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *ak.

#### Alternative forms

* ah — Northumbrian
* ach, oc

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɑk/

#### Conjunction

ac
* but
    Sēo æx forġiett, ac þæt trēow ġeman.The axe forgets, but the tree remembers.
* but instead: in this sense ac should sometimes be translated as "but," but most often it is best left untranslated
    Ne ġēotaþ wē tēaras, ac blōd.We don't shed tears, we shed blood.
** c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
    Nōn egō, sed tū: “Nā iċ, ac þū.” Nōn bōs est, sed equus: “Nis hit nā oxa, ac is hors.”Non ego, sed tu: “Not me, you.” Non bos est, sed equus: “It's not an ox, it's a horse.”
** late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"
    and gif we forleosað þas lænan woruld-þingc, þonne sceole we witan þæt ure wunung nis na her ac is on heofonum gif we hopiað to gode.and if we lose the transitory things of this world, then should we know that our dwelling is not here, but is in heaven, if we hope in God.

##### Descendants

* Middle English: ac, ak, ah

## Old Irish
### Preposition

ac
* Alternative form of oc

## Old Saxon
### Conjunction

ac
* Alternative form of ak

## Romanian
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin acus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ak/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

ac n (plural ace)
* needle

#### Related terms

* acar
* aculeu
* ață

### Further reading

* ac in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Old Welsh (h)ac, from Proto-Brythonic *atkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ét-kʷe (compare Breton hag and Cornish hag); identical to Latin atque. Doublet of Welsh ag.

### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: /ak/
** (colloquial) IPA: /aɡ/
* Rhymes: -ak

### Conjunction

ac
* Prevocalic form of a (“and”)