# 桶

| 桶 | U+6876, &#26742; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6876 |
| ← 桵 [U+6875] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 桷 → [U+6877] |

## Translingual
### Han character

桶 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 木弓戈月 (DNIB), four-corner 4792$_7$, composition ⿰木甬)

#### Derived characters

* 𮅸

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 527, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14811
* Dae Jaweon: page 916, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1222, character 6
* Unihan data for U+6876

## Chinese

* 桶 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 桶 (Wu)
* Barrel (English)
* 桶 (单位) (Written Standard Chinese)
* Barrel (unit) (English)

### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 桶
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 通 | *l̥ʰoːŋ |
| 俑 | *l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ |
| 蓪 | *l̥ʰoːŋ |
| 桶 | *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ |
| 捅 | *l̥ʰoːŋʔ |
| 痛 | *l̥ʰoːŋs |
| 筩 | *l'oːŋ |
| 誦 | *ljoŋs |
| 傭 | *l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ |
| 慵 | *ɦljoŋ |
| 鱅 | *ɦljoŋ, *loŋ |
| 滽 | *loŋ |
| 墉 | *loŋ |
| 鏞 | *loŋ |
| 鄘 | *loŋ |
| 槦 | *loŋ |
| 銿 | *loŋ |
| 甬 | *loŋʔ |
| 勇 | *loŋʔ |
| 涌 | *loŋʔ |
| 踊 | *loŋʔ |
| 蛹 | *loŋʔ |
| 恿 | *loŋʔ |
| 慂 | *loŋʔ |
| 悀 | *loŋʔ |
| 埇 | *loŋʔ |
| 踴 | *loŋʔ |
| 庸 | *loŋ |
| 用 | *loŋs |
| 佣 | *loŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).

### Etymology

Compare Khmer ថាំង (thang), Thai ถัง (tǎng).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tǒng (tong$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong$^3$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): tòng
    (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): tǒn
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thúng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tung$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): tǒ̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): tūng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tháng / thóng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tang$^2$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$don / $^3$thon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tǒng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^3$
*** Yale: tǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: toong
*** Palladius: тун (tun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tong$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tung
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoŋ⁵³/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: tòng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuəŋ⁵³/
** (Nanjing)
*** Nanjing Pinyin: tǒn
*** Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ton$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰoŋ¹¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^2$
*** Yale: túng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thúng
*** Hakka Romanization System: tung$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tǒ̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɔŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tūng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tháng
*** Tâi-lô: tháng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tarng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tʰaŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰaŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tʰaŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Singapore): /tʰaŋ⁴²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thóng
*** Tâi-lô: thóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: torng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁵³/
* tháng - vernacular;
* thóng - literary.
* Middle Chinese: thuwngX, duwngX
Rime :
| Character | 桶 | 桶 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 他孔切 | 徒揔切 |
| Baxter | thuwngX | duwngX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰəwŋ$^X$/ | /dəwŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ | /duŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tʰuŋ$^X$/ | /dʱuŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tǒng | dòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^2$ | dung$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤoŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoːŋʔ/, /*l'oːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 桶 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tǒng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ thuwng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ˁoŋʔ/ |
| English | bucket |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 桶 | 桶 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 15431 | 15435 |
| Phonetic component | 用 | 用 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 侗 | 動 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰoːŋʔ/ | /*l'oːŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

桶
* pail; bucket; tub
* cask; keg
* barrel (unit)
* (Philippine Hokkien) million
    一桶 [Philippine Hokkien] ― chi̍t-tháng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― one million

#### Synonyms

* (bucket): (Hokkien) 桶仔, 桶奇
* (million): 百萬／百万 (bǎiwàn); (Dungan) миллион (million); (Hokkien) 面桶

### See also

Chinese numbers :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10$^2$ | 10$^3$ | 10$^4$ | 10$^6$ | 10$^8$ | 10$^{12}$ |
| Normal (小寫 / 小写) | 〇, 零, 空 | 一, 蜀 | 二, 兩 / 两 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬 / 万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) | 百萬 / 百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines) | 億 / 亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China) |
| Financial (大寫 / 大写) | 零 | 壹 | 貳 / 贰 | 參 / 叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸 / 陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | 萬 / 万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) | 百萬 / 百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines) | 億 / 亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China) |

### Compounds

* 乏桶
* 便桶 (biàntǒng)
* 傳桶 / 传桶
* 冤桶
* 冰桶
* 可桶兒的 / 可桶儿的
* 吊桶 (diàotǒng)
* 噴桶 / 喷桶
* 圊桶
* 垃圾桶 (lājītǒng)
* 太平水桶
* 子孫桶 / 子孙桶
* 弔桶 / 吊桶
* 弔桶底 / 吊桶底
* 恭桶
* 扮桶
* 抽水馬桶 / 抽水马桶 (chōushuǐ mǎtǒng)
* 摸米桶
* 撲桶 / 扑桶
* 斗桶
* 料桶
* 桶勾子
* 桶匠
* 桶子 (tǒngzi)
* 桶子帽
* 桶子花
* 桶底脫 / 桶底脱
* 梢桶
* 桶盤 / 桶盘 (tǒngpán)
* 桶裙
* 榪桶 / 杩桶
* 水桶 (shuǐtǒng)
* 沒梁桶
* 油桶
* 泔水桶
* 浴桶
* 淨桶 / 净桶
* 漆桶底脫 / 漆桶底脱
* 火桶
* 無梁桶
* 痰桶 (tántǒng)
* 皮桶兒 / 皮桶儿
* 皮桶子
* 直桶桶
* 直籠桶 / 直笼桶
* 禾桶
* 窬桶
* 窯桶子 / 窑桶子
* 筆桶 / 笔桶
* 筲桶
* 箍桶
* 糊突桶
* 襪桶 / 袜桶
* 觸桶 / 触桶
* 酒桶 (jiǔtǒng)
* 酸桶
* 金漆飯桶 / 金漆饭桶
* 金漆馬桶 / 金漆马桶
* 鉛桶 / 铅桶
* 鐵桶 / 铁桶 (tiětǒng)
* 鐵桶江山 / 铁桶江山
* 面桶
* 靴桶
* 鞭桶
* 飯桶 / 饭桶 (fàntǒng)
* 餘桶 / 余桶
* 香桶兒 / 香桶儿
* 馬子桶 / 马子桶
* 馬桶 / 马桶 (mǎtǒng)
* 馬桶刷 / 马桶刷 (mǎtǒngshuā)
* 馬桶蓋 / 马桶盖 (mǎtǒnggài)
* 鹵桶 / 卤桶
* 麵糊桶 / 面糊桶

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* a tub, a bucket

#### Readings

* Go-on: つう (tsū)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kun: おけ (oke, 桶)、こが (koga)
* Nanori: おけ (oke)、あきら (akira)、おけざき (okezaki)、とうず (tōzu)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 桶
* おけ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 麻笥 (uncommon)
From Old Japanese. First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.
Originally a compound of 麻 (o, “flax, ramie”) +‎ 笥 (ke, “a container, especially for foodstuffs or tableware”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) おけ [óꜜkè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [o̞ke̞]

#### Noun

桶(おけ) • (oke)
* [from 759] a tube-shaped container for holding split flax or hemp, usually made of thin cypress wood bent to shape
* [from early 800s] by extension, a pail, bucket, tub, or basin similar to a barrel in construction, made of long thin pieces of cedar or cypress extending up from a base and held in place with hoops; may be small enough to carry in one hand, or large enough to bathe in
* [from 1513] (Noh theater) a stool on stage, on which an actor sits

##### Synonyms

* (bucket): バケツ (baketsu)
* (stool): 床(しょう)几(ぎ) (shōgi), 鬘桶(かつらおけ) (katsura oke)

##### Idioms

* 桶な物打ち明ける (おけなものうちあける, ​oke na mono uchiakeru), 桶の物打ち明ける (おけのものうちあける, ​oke no mono uchiakeru): "open up what's in your bucket" → to come clean to someone, with no hard feelings and no subterfuge
* 桶が腐れば菜が腐る (おけがくさればながくさる, ​oke ga kusareba na ga kusaru): "if the bucket rots, the greens rot" → if the surrounding is bad, it affects the inside

##### Derived terms

* 桶(おけ)越(ご)し (okegoshi): using an oke to cross a river
* 桶(おけ)屋(や) (okeya): a person or store that makes, fixes, and/or sells oke and well walls
* 桶(おけ)火(び) (okebi): the fire in a hioke
* 火(ひ)桶(おけ) (hioke): a type of wooden hibachi
* 桶(おけ)狭(はざ)間(ま) (Okehazama): a place in the south of Midori-ku, Nagoya
* 桶(おけ)狭(はざ)間(ま)焼(や)き (Okehazama-yaki): a style of pottery originating near Okehazama
* 桶(おけ)結(ゆ)い (okeyui): tying cord bands around an oke; an oke maker, an okeya
* 桶(おけ)絞(しぼ)り (okeshibori): a cloth dying process whereby the sections to leave undyed are put into oke and closed in with lids
* 桶(おけ)酸(す)い (okesui): alternate name for 酢(す)の木(き), 酢木(すのき) (sunoki): Vaccinium smallii, var. glabrum, a bush with edible (though sour) berries
* 桶(おけ)取(と)り (oketori): a scene in a kyōgen farce presented between Noh plays; a woman working as a water carrier
* 桶(おけ)尻(じり) (okejiri): the aft edge of the hull of a ship in traditional Japanese shipbuilding
* 桶(おけ)据(す)え (okesue): the hipbone
* 桶(おけ)川(がわ) (Okegawa): a river in southeast Saitama Prefecture
* 桶(おけ)側(がわ) (okegawa): the sides of an oke, the staves; a bowl-shaped container for holding trawling lines on a fishing boat
* 桶(おけ)側(がわ)胴(どう) (okegawa dō): a type of breastplate made of steel strips bound together, somewhat similar to how okegawa are bound together to make an oke
* 桶(おけ)大(だい)工(く) (okedaiku): a cooper, a woodworker who specializes in making barrels, oke, and well walls
* 桶(おけ)胴(どう) (oke dō): alternate name for 桶(おけ)側(がわ)胴(どう) (okegawa dō); a type of taiko drum
* 桶(おけ)風(ぶ)呂(ろ) (okeburo): an oke fitted with a firebox for heating bathwater: a traditional Japanese wooden ofuro hottub
* 桶(おけ)伏(ぶ)せ (okebuse): wearing an oke on one's head: a mob punishment in the pleasure districts of early Edo-period Japan, where non-paying customers would be forced to wear an oke on their heads, were sat down on the side of the street, and forced to pay up

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 桶
* こが Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 榼 (rare)
Unknown. First cited to a work from the late 1100s.
May be obsolete; not listed in some dictionaries.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞ɡa̠]

#### Noun

桶(こが) • (koga)
* [late 1100s–???] (archaic, possibly obsolete) an oke (tub, bucket, basin) or taru (樽, “barrel”)

### References

* ↑ “桶・麻笥”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “榼・桶”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

## Korean
### Hanja

桶 • (tong, yong) (hangeul 통, 용, revised tong, yong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, yong, Yale thong, yong)
* (통 통, tong-): barrel, bucket, can, cask, pail, tub, vat, compare ton, Dut. ton ("vat")

## Vietnamese
### Han character

桶: Hán Nôm readings: thùng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.