# des-
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English des-, dis-, from Old French des-, from Latin dis-.

### Prefix

des-
* Obsolete form of dis-. (reversal of sense of succeeding word)
* (organic chemistry) A removal of a group from a molecule.

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* sed, eds, Eds, Esd., SDE, EDS, EDs, SED, eds., DSE, ESD

## Basque
### Etymology

From Spanish des-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

### Prefix

des-
* dis-; expresses separation, reversal, or negation.
    ‎des- + ‎agertu (“to appear”) → ‎desagertu (“to disappear”)

### References

* ↑ “des-” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

### Further reading

* “des-”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
* “des-”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Doublet of dis-, which was borrowed.

### Prefix

des-
* indicates the negation of a verb; dis-, un-
    ‎des- + ‎fer (“to do”) → ‎desfer (“to undo”)

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “des-” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “des-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “des-” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
* “des-” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Czech
### Prefix

des-
* Alternative form of dez-

#### Derived terms
## Danish
### Etymology

From French dés-, from Latin dis-.

### Prefix

des-
* dis-, de-
    Synonyms: fra-, af-

#### Derived terms
### See also

* de-
* dis-
* dys-

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛs/

### Prefix

des-
* des-
* dis-

## German
### Prefix

des-
* des-
* dis-

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from English dis-, French dés-, Italian dis-, Spanish des-. Compare dis-, from the same origin. Decision no. 251, Progreso IV.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɛs/

### Prefix

des-
* Expresses the opposite of the root word.
    ‎des- + ‎honoro (“honor”) → ‎deshonoro (“dishonor”)

#### Derived terms
### References

* Progreso III (in Ido), 1910–1911, page 19, 92, 150, 215, 216

## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /des/, [dəs], /dæs/

### Prefix

des-
* de-; dis-

#### Derived terms
## Middle English
### Prefix

des-
* Alternative form of dis-

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French des-.

### Prefix

des-
* de-; dis-

#### Descendants

* French: dé-, dés-

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French des-, from Latin dis-.

### Prefix

des-
* dis-

#### Derived terms
## Occitan
### Etymology

From Old Occitan des-, from Latin dis-.

### Prefix

des-
* de-; dis-

## Old French
### Etymology

From Latin dis-.

### Prefix

des-
* de-; dis-

#### Descendants

* French: dé-, dés-
* Norman: dê-, d's-
* → English: des-

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese des-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: (before a voiceless consonant) /des/, /d͡ʒis/, (before a vowel or voiced consonant) /dez/, /d͡ʒiz/
* (Portugal) IPA: (before a voiceless consonant) /dɨʃ/, (before a voiced consonant) /dɨʒ/, (before a vowel) /dɨz/, /d͡z/

### Prefix

des-
* un-; de-; dis- (forms verbs indicating the reversal of the prefixed verb)
    ‎des- + ‎ligar (“to turn on”) → ‎desligar (“to turn off”)
* un- (forms nouns indicating the lack or opposite of the prefixed noun)
    ‎des- + ‎amor (“love”) → ‎desamor (“disdain”)
* Misspelling of dis-.

#### Derived terms
## Romanian
### Alternative forms

* dez-

### Etymology

Inherited from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /des/

### Prefix

des-
* dis-, de-
    ‎des- + ‎face (“to do”) → ‎desface (“to undo”)

#### Derived terms
## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish des-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Doublet of dis-, which was borrowed.

### Prefix

des-
* dis-; indicative of a negative
    ‎des- + ‎colgar (“to hang up (a phone)”) → ‎descolgar (“to pick up (a phone)”)

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* “des-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10