# patina
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian patina, from Latin patina (“dish, pan”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē), either from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread”) or from Pre-Greek. Doublet of paten, patena, and patine.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈpætɪnə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /pəˈtiː.nə/, /ˈpæ.tɪ.nə/
* Rhymes: -ætɪnə, -iːnə

### Noun

patina (countable and uncountable, plural patinas or patinae)
* (originally) A paten, flat type of dish.
* The colour or incrustation which age and wear give to (mainly metallic) objects; especially, the green rust which covers works of art such as ancient bronzes, coins and medals.
    Hyponym: verdigris
* A green colour, tinted with grey, like that of bronze patina.
    patina:
* (figurative) A gloss or superficial layer.
    he enjoys a patina of respect by the police, despite being an ex-criminal
** 2012, Alison Winter, Memory: Fragments of a Modern History:It demonstrates how scientific authority could be constructed on the fly, as it were, by someone with no connections and no psychological credentials who offered a technique that had the patina of modern science […]

#### Derived terms

* fauxtina
* patinaed
* patinate

#### Related terms

* patella

#### Translations
### Adjective

patina (not comparable)
* Of a green colour, tinted with grey, like that of bronze patina.

### See also

* Appendix:Colors
* verdigris

### Further reading

* “patina”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “patina”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Anagrams

* Aptian, pinata, piñata, tai-pan, taipan

## Catalan
### Verb

patina
* inflection of patinar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpacɪna]
* Hyphenation: pa‧ti‧na

### Noun

patina f
* patina

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “patina”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “patina”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “patina”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Etymology

From Italian patina, itself from Latin patina 'dish, pan'.

### Noun

patina c (singular definite patinaen, not used in plural form)
* patina

#### Derived terms

* patinere

#### Further reading

* “patina” in Den Danske Ordbog
* “patina” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Italian patina, itself from Latin patina (“dish, pan”). Doublet of pan and pateen.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: pa‧ti‧na

### Noun

patina n (uncountable)
* patina: the color or incrustation which age gives to works of art; especially, the green oxidation which covers aging coppers, bronzes, coins and medals

#### Derived terms

* patineren

## Estonian
### Noun

patina
* essive singular of patt

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Italian patina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑtinɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝t̪inɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -ɑtinɑ
* Hyphenation: pa‧ti‧na

### Noun

patina
* patina (color or incrustation)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of patina (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
patinani
patinani
accusative
nom.
patinani
patinani
gen.
patinani
genitive
patinani
patinoideni patinoitteni patinaini $^{rare}$
partitive
patinaani
patinoitani
inessive
patinassani
patinoissani
elative
patinastani
patinoistani
illative
patinaani
patinoihini
adessive
patinallani
patinoillani
ablative
patinaltani
patinoiltani
allative
patinalleni
patinoilleni
essive
patinanani
patinoinani
translative
patinakseni
patinoikseni
abessive
patinattani
patinoittani
instructive
comitative
—patinoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
patinasi
patinasi
accusative
nom.
patinasi
patinasi
gen.
patinasi
genitive
patinasi
patinoidesi patinoittesi patinaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
patinaasi
patinoitasi
inessive
patinassasi
patinoissasi
elative
patinastasi
patinoistasi
illative
patinaasi
patinoihisi
adessive
patinallasi
patinoillasi
ablative
patinaltasi
patinoiltasi
allative
patinallesi
patinoillesi
essive
patinanasi
patinoinasi
translative
patinaksesi
patinoiksesi
abessive
patinattasi
patinoittasi
instructive
comitative
—patinoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
patinamme
patinamme
accusative
nom.
patinamme
patinamme
gen.
patinamme
genitive
patinamme
patinoidemme patinoittemme patinaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
patinaamme
patinoitamme
inessive
patinassamme
patinoissamme
elative
patinastamme
patinoistamme
illative
patinaamme
patinoihimme
adessive
patinallamme
patinoillamme
ablative
patinaltamme
patinoiltamme
allative
patinallemme
patinoillemme
essive
patinanamme
patinoinamme
translative
patinaksemme
patinoiksemme
abessive
patinattamme
patinoittamme
instructive
comitative
—patinoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
patinanne
patinanne
accusative
nom.
patinanne
patinanne
gen.
patinanne
genitive
patinanne
patinoidenne patinoittenne patinainne $^{rare}$
partitive
patinaanne
patinoitanne
inessive
patinassanne
patinoissanne
elative
patinastanne
patinoistanne
illative
patinaanne
patinoihinne
adessive
patinallanne
patinoillanne
ablative
patinaltanne
patinoiltanne
allative
patinallenne
patinoillenne
essive
patinananne
patinoinanne
translative
patinaksenne
patinoiksenne
abessive
patinattanne
patinoittanne
instructive
comitative
—patinoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
patinansa
patinansa
accusative
nom.
patinansa
patinansa
gen.
patinansa
genitive
patinansa
patinoidensa patinoittensa patinainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
patinaansa
patinoitaan patinoitansa
inessive
patinassaan patinassansa
patinoissaan patinoissansa
elative
patinastaan patinastansa
patinoistaan patinoistansa
illative
patinaansa
patinoihinsa
adessive
patinallaan patinallansa
patinoillaan patinoillansa
ablative
patinaltaan patinaltansa
patinoiltaan patinoiltansa
allative
patinalleen patinallensa
patinoilleen patinoillensa
essive
patinanaan patinanansa
patinoinaan patinoinansa
translative
patinakseen patinaksensa
patinoikseen patinoiksensa
abessive
patinattaan patinattansa
patinoittaan patinoittansa
instructive
comitative
—patinoineen patinoinensa :

#### Derived terms

* patinoida

### Further reading

* “patina”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* Tapani, apinat, ipanat, painat, patani, pintaa, tapain, tapani

## French
### Verb

patina
* third-person singular past historic of patiner

### Anagrams

* panait

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpa.ti.na/
* Rhymes: -atina
* Hyphenation: pà‧ti‧na

### Etymology 1

From Latin patina (“pan”).

#### Noun

patina f (plural patine)
* a patina (of age)
* a coat, film, glaze, size, patina

##### Related terms

* patinare (verb)
* patinoso (adjective)

##### Descendants

* → Catalan: pàtina
* → Dutch: patina
* → Danish: patina
* → English: patina
* → Finnish: patina
* → French: patine
* → German: Patina
* → Icelandic: patína
* → Persian: پتینه (patine)
* → Lithuanian: patina
* → Polish: patyna
* → Portuguese: pátina
* → Romanian: patină
* → Russian: патина (patina)
* → Serbo-Croatian: patina / патина
* → Spanish: pátina
* → Ukrainian: патина (patyna)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

patina
* inflection of patinare:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

### Further reading

* patina in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Anagrams

* panati, pianta, tapina

## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē). This must be an early borrowing, because it displays vowel reduction of a to i.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈpa.ti.na/, [ˈpät̪ɪnä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈpa.ti.na/, [ˈpäːt̪inä]

### Noun

patina f (genitive patinae); first declension
* A broad, shallow dish, a pan, stewpan.
* A kind of cake.
* A crib, manger.

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Galician: padia
* Medieval Latin: patena
** Italian: patena
** Old French: patene
*** French: patène
*** → Middle English: paten, patene
**** English: paten
**** Scots: patene, patin
** Catalan: patena
** Occitan: padena
** Portuguese: pátena, patena
** Spanish: patena
** → Czech: patena
** → Dutch: pateen
** → Middle High German: paten, patene
*** German: Patene
** →? Middle High German: pfette
*** German: Pfette
** → Polish: patena
** → Swedish: paten
*** → Finnish: pateeni
* ⇒? Medieval Latin: panna
** >? French: panne
** →? Proto-Germanic: *pannǭ (see there for further descendants)
** Vulgar Latin: *pannella
*** Italian: Pannella
*** Portuguese: panela
*** Sicilian: panneḍḍa
*** Spanish: panela
** → Welsh: pan
* → German: Patine
* → Italian: patina (see there for further descendants)

### References

* “patina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “patina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "patina", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* patina in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “patina”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “patina”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

## Lithuanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian patina.

### Noun

patinà f (plural patinos) stress pattern 3b
* patina (color or incrustation)

#### Declension
## Portuguese
### Verb

patina
* inflection of patinar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French patiner.

### Verb

a patina (third-person singular present patinează, past participle patinat) 1st conjugation
* to skate

#### Related terms

* patinaj

### Further reading

* patina in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian patina, from Latin patina (“dish, pan”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pâtina/
* Hyphenation: pa‧ti‧na

### Noun

pȁtina f (Cyrillic spelling па̏тина)
* patina (color or incrustation)
* layer of sediments (usually on a façade or monuments)
* (regional) shoe polish
* A type of wine.

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Verb

patina
* inflection of patinar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative