# 精

| 精 | U+7CBE, &#31934; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CBE |
| ← 粽 [U+7CBD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 粿 → [U+7CBF] |
| 精 | U+FA1D, &#64029; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1D |
| ← 靖 [U+FA1C] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 羽 → [U+FA1E] |

## Translingual
### Han character

精 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 9592$_7$, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))

#### Derived characters

* 𡁔, 𪇒, 𦾿, 𧓔 (Contains 青)
* 𭨇 (Contains 靑)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 910, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
* Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3150, character 11
* Unihan data for U+7CBE
* Unihan data for U+FA1D

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 精
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jīng (jing$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin$^1$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): жин (řin, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zing$^1$ / zeng$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): den$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): jin$^1$ / jiang$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chîn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): jin$^1$ / jiang$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jing$^1$ / ji$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): céng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng / ciăng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): cheng / chiaⁿ / chiⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng$^1$ / zian$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$cin
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jing
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$
*** Yale: jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jin$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: жин (řin, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐiŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zing$^1$ / zeng$^1$
*** Yale: jīng / jēng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzing$^1$ / dzeng$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jing$^1$ / zéng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sɛːŋ⁵⁵/
* zing1 - literary;
* zeng1 - vernacular (“smart; clever”).
* Middle Chinese: tsjeng
Rime :
| Character | 精 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 子盈切 |
| Baxter | tsjeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡siajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tseŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 精 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsjeng › |
| Old Chinese | /*tseŋ/ |
| English | fine rice; pure |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 精 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 11327 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 精 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsleŋ/ |

#### Definitions

精
* polished rice
* essence; energy
* spirit; energy; vigour
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Gù shàng bèi rìyuè zhī míng, xià shuò shānchuān zhī jīng, zhōng duò sìshí zhī shī, zhuìnuò zhī chóng, xiàoqiào zhī wù, mòbù shī qí xìng. [Pinyin]
    It is just as if, above, the brightness of the sun and moon were darkened; as if, beneath, the productive vigour of the hills and streams were dried up; and as if, between, the operation of the four seasons were brought to an end: in which case there would not be a single weak and wriggling insect, nor any plant that grows up, which would not lose its proper nature.
* seminal fluid; semen
* spirit; soul
* essence; concentrate
* demon; goblin
* (dialectal, of meat) lean
    Alternative form: 腈
* fine; refined
* pure; unmixed
* concentrated; sincere
* clear; bright
* exquisite; profound
* extremely; very
       jiào yǔ lín le ge jīng shī [Pinyin]
       Got made extremely wet by the rain.
* to be proficient; to be expert at
* to expose; to be bare
* smart; clever
       Nǐ yǐwéi nǐ néng wánr de guò tā? Tā kě jīng le. Shéi suànji shéi hái bùyīdìng ne! [Pinyin]
       You think you could defeat him? He is witted and alert. That who's going to set whom up is not certain yet!
       zou$^6$ gwong$^2$ gou$^3$ zou$^6$ dak$^1$ hou$^2$ zeng$^1$ [Jyutping]
       runs crafty advertisements
* (Cantonese) Suffix used to describe person with a negative attribute
    大話精／大话精 [Cantonese] ― daai$^6$ waa$^6$ zing$^1$ [Jyutping] ― liar
    馬騮精／马骝精 [Cantonese] ― maa$^5$ lau$^{4-1}$ zing$^1$ [Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* Alternative form of 睛
* Alternative form of 菁 (jīng)
* Alternative form of 晶 (jīng)
* (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 精 (MC tsjeng)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 精 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 精液 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 精液, 㞞 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 精液, 洨, 精 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 㞞, 雞巴湯兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 㞞 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 㞞, 精 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 㞞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 㞞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 㞞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 㞞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 㞞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 㞞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 㞞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 㞞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Jimsar | 㞞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 精水, 精液, 頭兒油, 化豬油, 豬油 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 漿 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 精水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 精水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 㞞 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 㞞 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 𨳍水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 精液, 精 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 精液 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 精水 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 𨳍水 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 𨳍水, 炮油 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 精液 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 精 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Dabu (Xihe) | 精液, 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 𡳞屎, 潲 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 𡳞屎, 潲水 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Changting | 淫 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 潲 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) | 精子 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) | 潲膏 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Juxi) | 脧仁 |
| Hakka | Liancheng (Laiyuan) | 精 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 卵屎 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 卵屎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 潲 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) | 潲 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) | 潲 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 潲 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 精水 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 潲 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 精水 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 潲 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 潲 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 精液 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 潲 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Meixian) | 𡳞屎 |
| Hakka | Bangkok (Fengshun) | 𡳞屎 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 㞞, 鳥漿 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 㞞 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 精, 㞞 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 精液 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 㞞 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 㞞, 㞞糊子 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 精 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 潲, 精水 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 潲, 精水 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 精 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 潲 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 潲, 潲水 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 精 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 精 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 精 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 𡳞屎, 𡳞液 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 𡳞屎 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 𡳞屎 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 𡳞屎, 𡳞液, 精 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 精 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 精 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 精, 𨳍水 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 精, 白脫油, 白脫 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 㞞 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 精 |
| Wu | Danyang | 㞞 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 㞞, 陽水 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 卵漿, 漿水 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 頹漿 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 㞞 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 卵漿, 精子 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 卵射漿, 精液 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 卵水, 水, 漿, 烏龜尿 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 瘦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 瘦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 瘦 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 瘦 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 瘦 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 瘦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 瘦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 瘦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瘦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 瘦 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 瘦 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 瘦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 瘦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 瘦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 瘦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 瘦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 瘦 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 瘦 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 瘦 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 精 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 瘦 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 瘦 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 瘦 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 瘦 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 瘦, 精 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 精 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 精 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 精 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 精 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 精 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 瘦 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瘦 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 瘦 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 瘦 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 㾪 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 㾪 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 㾪 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 赤 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 㾪 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 赤 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 精, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 精 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 精, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 赤 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 精, 赤 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 精 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 㾪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 精 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 精 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 瘦 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 瘦 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 瘦 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 精 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 精 |
| Wu | Danyang | 精 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 精 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 精 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 精 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 瘦, 精 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 精 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 瘦, 精 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 聰明 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 聰明 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 靈, 靈醒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 精靈, 聰明 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 聰明 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 聰明 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 聰明 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 聰明 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 聰明, 叻, 參 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 叻 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 伶俐, 叻 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 精, 扮𠮨 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 聰明, 精, 叻, 醒目, 扮𠮨 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 精靈, 聰明 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 聰明, 機靈 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 聰明, 精 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 聰明, 精 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 將 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 機靈, 聰明 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 聰明 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 聰明, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 聰明, 骨, 骨鳥 derogatory, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 聰明, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 聰明, 巧, 明白 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 聰明, 𠢕, 勥, 醒目, 巧 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 巧, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 精 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 精 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 聰明 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 聰明 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 靈, 聰明 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 靈泛, 聰明 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 聰明 |

#### Compounds

* 三精
* 不大精采
* 人工受精 (réngōng shòujīng)
* 元精
* 兵精將勇 / 兵精将勇 (bīng jīng jiàng yǒng)
* 兵精糧足 / 兵精粮足
* 兵精馬壯 / 兵精马壮
* 勇猛精進 / 勇猛精进
* 勵精圖治 / 励精图治
* 勵精求治 / 励精求治
* 博大精深 (bódàjīngshēn)
* 博而不精 (bó'érbùjīng)
* 厲精 / 厉精
* 厲精圖治 / 厉精图治
* 厲精更始 / 厉精更始
* 厲精求治 / 厉精求治
* 去粗取精 (qùcūqǔjīng)
* 受精 (shòujīng)
* 受精卵 (shòujīngluǎn)
* 取精用弘
* 古怪精靈 / 古怪精灵
* 古靈精怪 / 古灵精怪 (gǔlíngjīngguài)
* 味精 (wèijīng)
* 團隊精神 / 团队精神 (tuánduì jīngshén)
* 地精 (dìjīng)
* 天地精華 / 天地精华
* 奶精 (nǎijīng)
* 妖精 (yāojīng)
* 害人精
* 射精 (shèjīng)
* 射精管 (shèjīngguǎn)
* 專精 / 专精
* 專精覃思 / 专精覃思
* 小妖精 (xiǎoyāojīng)
* 小精靈 / 小精灵
* 山精木客
* 弄精神
* 弄精細 / 弄精细
* 弄精魂
* 微言精義 / 微言精义
* 惟精惟一
* 成精
* 成精作怪
* 打起精神
* 抖搜精神 (dǒusōujīngshén)
* 抖擻精神 / 抖擞精神 (dǒusǒujīngshén)
* 拆家精
* 拖漢精 / 拖汉精
* 揀精揀肥 / 拣精拣肥
* 摩羅精神 / 摩罗精神
* 攪家精 / 搅家精
* 放精神著
* 敬業精神 / 敬业精神
* 日精 (rìjīng)
* 日精月華 / 日精月华
* 時代精神 / 时代精神 (shídài jīngshén)
* 月精
* 木精 (mùjīng)
* 業精於勤 / 业精于勤
* 業精於勤，荒於嬉 / 业精于勤，荒于嬉 (yè jīng yú qín, huāng yú xī)
* 構精 / 构精
* 樟腦精 / 樟脑精
* 殫精極思 / 殚精极思
* 殫精極慮 / 殚精极虑
* 殫精畢力 / 殚精毕力
* 殫精畢思 / 殚精毕思
* 殫精竭力 / 殚精竭力
* 殫精竭慮 / 殚精竭虑 (dānjīngjiélǜ)
* 民族精神
* 水精
* 水精簾 / 水精帘
* 沒精打彩 / 没精打彩 (méijīngdǎcǎi)
* 沒精打采 (méijīngdǎcǎi)
* 洗碗精 (xǐwǎnjīng)
* 流精 (liújīng)
* 洗髮精 / 洗发精 (xǐfàjīng)
* 漏精
* 澄澹精致
* 灌精兒 / 灌精儿
* 炎精
* 炎精之數 / 炎精之数
* 炭精
* 炭精棒
* 炭精筆 / 炭精笔
* 炭精紙 / 炭精纸
* 無一不精 / 无一不精
* 無精打采 (wújīngdǎcǎi)
* 煤精 (méijīng)
* 熟精
* 熟讀精思 / 熟读精思
* 父精母血
* 狐狸精 (húlijīng)
* 玉精
* 目精
* 短小精悍 (duǎnxiǎo jīnghàn)
* 矮小精悍
* 研深覃精
* 研精苦思
* 研精覃奧 / 研精覃奥
* 研精覃思
* 研精鉤深 / 研精钩深
* 研精靜慮 / 研精静虑
* 祇洹精舍
* 科學精神 / 科学精神 (kēxué jīngshén)
* 立國精神 / 立国精神
* 立論精宏 / 立论精宏
* 筆精 / 笔精
* 精一
* 精伶
* 精光 (jīngguāng)
* 精兵 (jīngbīng)
* 精兵猛將 / 精兵猛将
* 精切
* 精刊本
* 精到 (jīngdào)
* 精力 (jīnglì)
* 精力充沛
* 精力過人 / 精力过人
* 精勤
* 精品 (jīngpǐn)
* 精囊 (jīngnáng)
* 精堅 / 精坚
* 精壯 / 精壮 (jīngzhuàng)
* 精夫
* 精奇古怪
* 精奇里江 (Jīngqílǐ Jiāng)
* 精奧 / 精奥
* 精妙 (jīngmiào)
* 精妙入神
* 精妙絕倫 / 精妙绝伦
* 精子 (jīngzǐ)
* 精密 (jīngmì)
* 精密度 (jīngmìdù)
* 精密陶瓷
* 精富
* 精審 / 精审
* 精巢 (jīngcháo)
* 精工 (jīnggōng)
* 精巧 (jīngqiǎo)
* 精幹 / 精干 (jīnggàn)
* 精度 (jīngdù)
* 精廬 / 精庐
* 精彩 (jīngcǎi)
* 精彩生動 / 精彩生动
* 精彩逼人
* 精微 (jīngwēi)
* 精心 (jīngxīn)
* 精心傑作 / 精心杰作
* 精忠 (Jīngzhōng)
* 精忠報國 / 精忠报国
* 精忠旗
* 精忠柏
* 精怪 (jīngguài)
* 精悍 (jīnghàn)
* 精悟玄鑒 / 精悟玄鉴
* 精悍短小
* 精懇 / 精恳
* 精手 (Hainanese)
* 精打細算 / 精打细算 (jīngdǎxìsuàn)
* 精抄本
* 精挑細選 / 精挑细选 (jīngtiāoxìxuǎn)
* 精敏
* 精明 (jīngmíng)
* 精明幹練 / 精明干练
* 精明強幹 / 精明强干
* 精明能幹 / 精明能干
* 精晃晃
* 精曉 / 精晓
* 精核 (jīnghé)
* 精氣 / 精气
* 精氣神 / 精气神 (jīngqìshén)
* 精油 (jīngyóu)
* 精液 (jīngyè)
* 精深 (jīngshēn)
* 精湛 (jīngzhàn)
* 精準 / 精准 (jīngzhǔn)
* 精潔 / 精洁
* 精煉 / 精炼 (jīngliàn)
* 精熟
* 精爽
* 精牲 (cheng-seⁿ) (Min Nan)
* 精當 / 精当 (jīngdàng)
* 精疲力盡 / 精疲力尽 (jīngpílìjìn)
* 精疲力竭 (jīngpílìjié)
* 精白
* 精益求精 (jīngyìqiújīng)
* 精省 (jīng shěng)
* 精研 (jīngyán)
* 精確 / 精确 (jīngquè)
* 精神
* 精神分析 (jīngshén fēnxī)
* 精神可嘉
* 精神外遇
* 精神奕奕 (jīngshényìyì)
* 精神恍惚
* 精神感召
* 精神抖擻 / 精神抖擞 (jīngshéndǒusǒu)
* 精神文化
* 精神文明 (jīngshén wénmíng)
* 精神渙散 / 精神涣散
* 精神滿腹 / 精神满腹
* 精神煥發 / 精神焕发 (jīngshénhuànfā)
* 精神生活 (jīngshén shēnghuó)
* 精神病 (jīngshénbìng)
* 精神缺陷 (jīngshén quēxiàn)
* 精神醫學 / 精神医学 (jīngshén yīxué)
* 精神錯亂 / 精神错乱 (jīngshén cuòluàn)
* 精神錦標 / 精神锦标
* 精空
* 精算師 / 精算师 (jīngsuànshī)
* 精簡 / 精简 (jīngjiǎn)
* 精米機 / 精米机
* 精粗
* 精粹 (jīngcuì)
* 精索 (jīngsuǒ)
* 精純 / 精纯
* 精細 / 精细 (jīngxì)
* 精細胞 / 精细胞 (jīngxìbāo)
* 精絕 / 精绝
* 精緻 / 精致 (jīngzhì)
* 精練 / 精练 (jīngliàn)
* 精美 (jīngměi)
* 精美絕倫 / 精美绝伦
* 精義 / 精义 (jīngyì)
* 精義入神 / 精义入神
* 精耕
* 精耕細作 / 精耕细作
* 精肉 (jīngròu)
* 精舍 (jīngshè)
* 精良 (jīngliáng)
* 精芒
* 精英 (jīngyīng)
* 精英樹 / 精英树
* 精華 / 精华 (jīnghuá)
* 精蟲 / 精虫 (jīngchóng)
* 精血
* 精衛 / 精卫 (jīngwèi)
* 精衛填海 / 精卫填海 (jīngwèitiánhǎi)
* 精裝 / 精装 (jīngzhuāng)
* 精裝本 / 精装本 (jīngzhuāngběn)
* 精製 / 精制 (jīngzhì)
* 精覈
* 精誠 / 精诚 (jīngchéng)
* 精誠團結 / 精诚团结
* 精誠貫日 / 精诚贯日
* 精讀 / 精读 (jīngdú)
* 精貫白日 / 精贯白日
* 精赤條條 / 精赤条条
* 精通 (jīngtōng)
* 精進 / 精进 (jīngjìn)
* 精選 / 精选 (jīngxuǎn)
* 精采 (jīngcǎi)
* 精采絕倫 / 精采绝伦
* 精金百煉 / 精金百炼
* 精金美玉
* 精金良玉
* 精銀響鈔 / 精银响钞
* 精銳 / 精锐 (jīngruì)
* 精鍊 / 精炼 (jīngliàn)
* 精闢 / 精辟 (jīngpì)
* 精雕細刻 / 精雕细刻
* 精雕細琢 / 精雕细琢
* 精雕細鏤 / 精雕细镂
* 精靈 / 精灵 (jīnglíng)
* 精靈古怪 / 精灵古怪
* 精靈論 / 精灵论
* 精靈鬼 / 精灵鬼
* 精餾 / 精馏
* 精髓 (jīngsuǐ)
* 精鬆 / 精松
* 精鳥賬 / 精鸟账
* 精鹽 / 精盐 (jīngyán)
* 糊精 (hújīng)
* 糖精 (tángjīng)
* 老妖精
* 聚精會神 / 聚精会神 (jùjīnghuìshén)
* 自花受精
* 臺灣精品 / 台湾精品
* 良玉精金
* 芬多精 (fēnduōjīng)
* 芙蓉之精
* 茶精油
* 蒜球精
* 蓄精蓄銳 / 蓄精蓄锐
* 薄荷精
* 藏精器
* 蘇木精 / 苏木精 (sūmùjīng)
* 蘿蔔精 / 萝卜精
* 蛋黃精 / 蛋黄精
* 補精神 / 补精神
* 見精識精 / 见精识精
* 親愛精誠 / 亲爱精诚
* 變性酒精 / 变性酒精
* 費盡精神 / 费尽精神
* 貯精囊 / 贮精囊
* 赤條精光 / 赤条精光
* 走精面 (zau$^2$ zeng$^1$ min$^{6-2}$) (Cantonese)
* 輸精管 / 输精管 (shūjīngguǎn)
* 運動精神 / 运动精神
* 遺精 / 遗精 (yíjīng)
* 遺精夢泄 / 遗精梦泄
* 酒精 (jiǔjīng)
* 酒精中毒 (jiǔjīng zhòngdú)
* 酒精燈 / 酒精灯 (jiǔjīngdēng)
* 金精
* 開國精神 / 开国精神
* 陰精 / 阴精
* 雄精
* 雞精 / 鸡精 (jījīng)
* 雲精 / 云精
* 響鈔精銀 / 响钞精银
* 頤精養神 / 颐精养神
* 頤養精神 / 颐养精神
* 養漢精 / 养汉精
* 養精蓄銳 / 养精蓄锐 (yǎngjīngxùruì)
* 香精 (xiāngjīng)
* 香草精 (xiāngcǎojīng)
* 馬屁精 / 马屁精 (mǎpìjīng)
* 體內受精 / 体内受精
* 體外受精 / 体外受精 (tǐwài shòujīng)
* 體大思精 / 体大思精
* 鬼精
* 鬼精靈 / 鬼精灵
* 鬼靈精 / 鬼灵精
* 鬼靈精兒 / 鬼灵精儿
* 鰻精 / 鳗精
* 麥精 / 麦精
* 黃精 / 黄精 (huángjīng)
* 龍馬精神 / 龙马精神 (lóngmǎjīngshén)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìng (jing$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^4$
*** Yale: jìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsjengH
Rime :
| Character | 精 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 子姓切 |
| Baxter | tsjengH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siᴇŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siæŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡siajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯ɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zing$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 精 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 11337 |
| Phonetic component | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 精 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsleŋs/ |

#### Definitions

精
* (historical dictionaries only) strong

### Pronunciation 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 精 – see 晴 (“clear; fine; cloudless”). (This character is a variant form of 晴).

### References

* “精”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “精”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 270.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “精”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 112.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 精 |
| Kyūjitai | 精 &#xFA1D; or 精+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 精󠄀 精+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 精󠄃 精+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 精)
* essence

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō $^†$)
* Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
* Kun: こころ (kokoro, 精)、しらげる (shirageru, 精げる)、くわしい (kuwashii, 精しい)、もののけ (mononoke, 精)
* Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、きよ (kiyo)、きよし (kiyoshi)、くわし (kuwashi)、しげ (shige)、しら (shira)、すぐる (suguru)、すみ (sumi)、ただ (tada)、ただし (tadashi)、つとむ (tsutomu)、ひとし (hitoshi)、まこと (makoto)、まさ (masa)、まさし (masashi)、もり (mori)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 甘精(かんせい) (kansei): saccharin
* 糊精(こせい) (kosei): dextrin
* 蔘精(じんせい) (jinsei): ginseng extract
* 地精(ちせい) (chisei): ginseng

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 精
* せい Grade: 5
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せー [séꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [se̞ː]

#### Adjective

精(せい) • (sei) -na (adnominal 精(せい)な (sei na), adverbial 精(せい)に (sei ni))
* detailed, conscientious
* pure, refined

##### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 精だろ | せいだろ | sei daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 精で | せいで | sei de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 精だ | せいだ | sei da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 精な | せいな | sei na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 精なら | せいなら | sei nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 精であれ | せいであれ | sei de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 精ではない 精じゃない | せいではない せいじゃない | sei de wa nai sei ja nai |
| Informal past | 精だった | せいだった | sei datta |
| Informal negative past | 精ではなかった 精じゃなかった | せいではなかった せいじゃなかった | sei de wa nakatta sei ja nakatta |
| Formal | 精です | せいです | sei desu |
| Formal negative | 精ではありません 精じゃありません | せいではありません せいじゃありません | sei de wa arimasen sei ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 精でした | せいでした | sei deshita |
| Formal negative past | 精ではありませんでした 精じゃありませんでした | せいではありませんでした せいじゃありませんでした | sei de wa arimasen deshita sei ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 精で | せいで | sei de |
| Conditional | 精なら（ば） | せいなら（ば） | sei nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 精だったら | せいだったら | sei dattara |
| Volitional | 精だろう | せいだろう | sei darō |
| Adverbial | 精に | せいに | sei ni |
| Degree | 精さ | せいさ | seisa |

#### Noun

精(せい) • (sei)
* polishing, refining
* care, conscientiousness
* something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
* vim and vigor, energy in doing things
* life force, vitality, the energy of living
* one's emotions, mind, or soul
* the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
* semen

##### Synonyms

* (polishing): 研磨(けんま) (kenma)
* (refining): 精製(せいせい) (seisei)
* (polished rice): 精米(せいまい) (seimai); 白米(はくまい) (hakumai)
* (care): 念入(ねんい)り (nen'iri)
* (vim): 元気(げんき) (genki)
* (vigor): 精力(せいりょく) (seiryoku)
* (emotions): 心(こころ) (kokoro)
* (mind): 精神(せいしん) (seishin)
* (soul): 魂(たましい) (tamashī)
* (spirit): 精霊(せいれい) (seirei)
* (sprite): 妖精(ようせい) (yōsei)
* (semen): 精液(せいえき) (seieki)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 精
* しらげ Grade: 5
* kun'yomi
Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕiɾa̠ɡe̞]

#### Noun

精(しらげ) • (shirage)
* rice polishing, rice milling
* polished or milled rice
* excellence

##### Synonyms

* (rice polishing): 米磨(こめとぎ) (kometogi)
* (polished rice): 精米(せいまい) (seimai); 白米(はくまい) (hakumai)
* (excellence): 優秀(ゆうしょう) (yūshō)

### References

* ↑ “精”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

精: Hán Nôm readings: tinh
* pure, unadulterated; refined
* essence, spirit
* detailed, conscientious
* smart, clever
* energy, vigour
* demon; goblin; spirit
* semen, seminal fluid, a sperm cell

#### Derived terms

* 精魁 (tinh khôi)
* 精潔 (tinh khiết)
* 精質 (tinh chất)
* 精製 (tinh chế)
* 精油 (tinh dầu)
* 精神 (tinh thần)
* 精華 (tinh hoa)
* 精細 (tinh tế)
* 精微 (tinh vi)
* 精𥹸 (tinh bột)
* 精逆 (tinh nghịch)
* 精銳 (tinh nhuệ)
* 精兵 (tinh binh)
* 妖精 (yêu tinh)
* 狐狸精 (hồ ly tinh)
* 精蟲 (tinh trùng)
* 精液 (tinh dịch)
* 精丸 (tinh hoàn)

### References

* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).