# अश्
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* অশ্ (Assamese script)
* ᬅᬰ᭄ (Balinese script)
* অশ্ (Bengali script)
* 𑰀𑰫𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀅𑀰𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* အၐ် (Burmese script)
* અશ્ (Gujarati script)
* ਅਸ਼੍ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌅𑌶𑍍 (Grantha script)
* ꦄꦯ꧀ (Javanese script)
* 𑂃𑂬𑂹 (Kaithi script)
* ಅಶ್ (Kannada script)
* អឝ៑ (Khmer script)
* ອຨ຺ (Lao script)
* അശ് (Malayalam script)
* ᠠᡧ (Manchu script)
* 𑘀𑘫𑘿 (Modi script)
* ᠠᠱ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦠𑧋𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐀𑐱𑑂 (Newa script)
* ଅଶ୍ (Odia script)
* ꢂꢯ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆃𑆯𑇀 (Sharada script)
* 𑖀𑖫𑖿 (Siddham script)
* අශ් (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩐𑩿 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚀𑚧𑚶 (Takri script)
* அஶ் (Tamil script)
* అశ్ (Telugu script)
* อศฺ (Thai script)
* ཨ་ཤ྄ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒁𑒬𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨀𑨮𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɐɕ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɐɕ/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”). Cognate with English enough.

#### Alternative forms

* नश् (naś)

#### Root

अश् • (aś)
* to reach, obtain, come to, arrive at
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.154.5:तद॑स्य प्रि॒यम॒भि पाथो॑ अश्यां नरो॒ यत्र॑ देव॒यवो॒ मद॑न्ति। उ॒रु॒क्र॒मस्य॒ स हि बन्धु॑रि॒त्था विष्णोः॑ प॒दे प॑र॒मे मध्व॒ उत्सः॑॥tádasya priyámabhí pā́tho aśyāṃ naro yátra devayávo mádanti. urukramásya sá hí bándhuritthā́ víṣṇoḥ padé paramé mádhva útsaḥ.May I attain his favourite path, in which god-seeking men delight; the path of that wide-stepping Viṣṇu, in whose exalted station there is a perpetual flow of felicity; for to such a degree is he the friend of the pious.
* to get, gain, obtain
** c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.1.3:अ॒ग्निना॑ र॒यिम्अश्नव॒त्पोष॑मे॒व दि॒वेदि॑वे। य॒शसं॑ वी॒रव॑त्तमम्॥agnínā rayímáśnávatpóṣamevá divédive. yaśásaṃ vīrávattamam.Through Agni the worshipper obtains that affluence which increases day by day, which is the source of fame and multiplier of mankind.
* to master

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* अश्नोति (aśnóti, Present)
* आष्ट (ā́ṣṭa, Aorist)
* आश (ā́śa, Perfect)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* अष्ट (aṣṭa, Past Participle)
* अष्टुम् (aṣṭum, Infinitive)
* अष्टवे (áṣṭave, Infinitive)
* अष्टवै (aṣṭavai, Infinitive)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* अशन (aśana, “reaching, reaching across”)
* अष्टि (áṣṭi)

###### Prefixed Root Forms

* अन्वश् (anvaś)
* अभ्यश् (abhyaś)
* उपाश् (upāś)
* व्यश् (vyaś)
* समश् (samaś)

#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “अश्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 112, column 2.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 4
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “अश्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 136
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 27-8
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “316”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 316
* Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 395

### Etymology 2

From a putative Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaćH- (“to eat”), with further origin uncertain; compare perhaps Persian آش (âš, “a thick type of soup”). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱh₃- (“to eat”), with tentative cognates including Old Norse æja (“to graze, rest and eat”) and agn (“fish bait”), as well as Ancient Greek ἄκολος (ákolos, “morsel”).

#### Root

अश् • (aś)
* to eat, consume

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* अश्नाति (aśnā́ti, Present)
* अशिष्यति (aśiṣyáti, Future)
* अशिता (aśitā́, Periphrastic Future)
* आशीत् (ā́śīt, Aorist)
* अश्यात् (aśyā́t, Benedictive)
* आश (ā́śa, Perfect)

###### Secondary Forms

* अश्यते (aśyáte, Passive)
* आशयति (āśáyati, Causative)
* आशिशत् (ā́śiśat, Causative Aorist)
* अशिशिषति (áśiśiṣati, Desiderative)
* अशाश्यते (aśāśyate, Intensive)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* अशित (aśitá, Past Participle)
* अशितुम् (aśitum, Infinitive)
* अशित्वा (aśitvā́, Gerund)
* अश्य (áśya, Gerund)
* आश्य (āśya, Gerundive)
* अशितव्य (aśitavyà, Gerundive)
* अशनीय (aśanīya, Gerundive)
* आशित (āśitá, Causative Past Participle)
* अशिशिषु (aśiśiṣu, Desiderative Participle)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* अशन (áśana, “eating”)
* अशना (aśanā́)
* अशनाया (aśanāyā́)
* अशितृ (aśitṛ́, “an eater”)
* अशित्र (aśitra, “food”)
* अशिष्ठ (áśiṣṭha)
* अशुष (aśúṣa)
* अश्न (áśna)
* आश (āśa)
* आशिन् (āśin)

###### Prefixed Root Forms

* अत्यश् (atyaś)
* उपाश् (upāś)
* पर्यश् (paryaś)
* प्राश् (prāś)
* समश् (samaś)

#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “अश्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 112, column 2.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 5
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 136
* Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 167-8
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “18”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 18