# cant
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: kănt, IPA: /kænt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Homophone: can't (US), Homophone: Kant (in anglicized pronunciation)
* Rhymes: -ænt

### Etymology 1

From Latin cantō probably via Old Northern French canter (“sing, tell”). Doublet of chant.

#### Noun

cant (usually uncountable, plural cants)
* (countable) An argot, the jargon of a particular class or subgroup.
    Synonyms: argot, jargon, slang
    He had the look of a prince, but the cant of a fishmonger.
** 1836, Three discourses preached before the Congregational Society in Watertown, page 65
    I am aware that the phrase free inquiry has become too much a cant phrase soiled by the handling of the ignorant and the reckless by those who fall into the mistake of supposing that religion has its root in the understanding and by those who can see just far enough to doubt and no further.
* (countable, uncountable) A private or secret language used by a religious sect, gang, or other group.
    Synonyms: argot, jargon, slang
* A language spoken by some Irish Travellers; Shelta.
* (uncountable, derogatory) Empty, hypocritical talk.
** 1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing Such Very Deep and Grave Matters, that Some Readers, Perhaps, May Not Relish It”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume II, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book IV, page 23:He is too well grounded for all your philoſophical Cant to hurt.
** 1761, [Laurence Sterne], chapter XII, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume III, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC, page 60:Of all the cants which are canted in this canting world,—though the cant of hypocrites may be the worſt,—the cant of criticiſm is the moſt tormenting!
** 1903, Samuel Butler, chapter 46, in The Way of All Flesh:... he knew very well that if they thought him clever they were being taken in, but it pleased him to have been able to take them in, and he tried to do so still further; he was therefore a good deal on the look-out for cants that he could catch and apply in season, and might have done himself some mischief thus if he had not been ready to throw over any cant as soon as he had come across another more nearly to his fancy ...
** 2004 October 14, Leslie Feinberg, “Anti-gay terror in Nazi Germany”, in Workers World‎:The German population as a whole had been fed 12 years of Nazi propaganda, including demonizing and dehumanizing cant about homosexual men and women.
* (uncountable) Whining speech, such as that used by beggars.
* (countable, heraldry) A blazon of a coat of arms that makes a pun upon the name (or, less often, some attribute or function) of the bearer, canting arms.
* (obsolete) A call for bidders at a public fair; an auction.
** 1729, Jonathan Swift, The Intelligencer, number 19:[…] but numbers of these tenants or their descendants are now offering to sell their leases by cant,

##### Derived terms

* cantish

##### Translations
#### Verb

cant (third-person singular simple present cants, present participle canting, simple past and past participle canted)
* (intransitive) To speak with the jargon of a class or subgroup.
** 1625 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Staple of Newes. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot […], published 1631, →OCLC, Act IV, scene iv, page 59:The Doctor here, I will proceed with the learned. / VVhen he diſcourſeth of diſſection, / Or any point of Anatomy: that hee tells you, / Of Vena caua, and of vena porta, / The Meſeraicks, and the Meſenterium. / VVhat does he elſe but cant? […] / Does he not cant? VVho here does vnderſtand him?
** 1854, Robert Sanderson, “The case of the liturgy”, in The Works of Robert Sanderson, D.D., Sometime Bishop of Lincoln‎, volume 5, page 56:[…] that uncouth affected garb of speech, or canting language rather, if I may so call it
* (intransitive) To speak in set phrases.
* (intransitive) To talk, beg, or preach in a singsong or whining fashion, especially in a false or empty manner.
** c. 1607–1611 (first performance), [Francis Beaumont], Iohn Fletcher, Cupids Revenge. […], London: […] Thomas Creede for Iosias Harison, […], published 1615, →OCLC, Act IV, signature H3, recto:[I]f he proue not yet / The cunningſt, ranckeſt Rogue that euer Canted, / Ile neuer ſee man againe, […]
** 1765, Catherine Jemmat, The Memoirs of Mrs. Catherine Jemmat, Daughter of the Late Admiral Yeo, of Plymouth. Written by Herself, 2nd edition, volume I, London: Printed for the author, at Charing-Cross, →OCLC, page 145:[S]he was one of your ſoft ſpoken, canting, whining hypocrites, who with a truly jeſuitical art, could wreſt evil out of the moſt inoffenſive thought, word, look or action; […]
* (intransitive, heraldry) Of a blazon, to make a pun that references the bearer of a coat of arms.
* (obsolete) To sell by auction, or bid at an auction.
** 1720, Jonathan Swift, A Proposal for the Use of Irish Manufacture:[…] labouring with all their might for preventing the bishops from letting their revenues at a moderate half value […] at the very instant, when they were every where canting their own land upon short leases, and sacrificing their oldest tenants for a penny an acre advance.

##### Derived terms

* outcant

#### See also

* jargon
* sociolect

### Etymology 2

From Middle English cant (“edge, brink”), from Middle Dutch cant (“point, side, edge”) (Modern Dutch kant (“side, edge”)), ultimately of Celtic or Latin origin. Related to Medieval Latin cantus (“corner, side”), from Latin canthus.

#### Noun

cant (plural cants)
* (obsolete) Side, edge, corner, niche.
    under the cant of a hill
** 1604 March 25 (first performance; Gregorian calendar; published 1604), Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Part of the Kings Entertainment in Passing to His Coronation [The Coronation Triumph]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, page 853:The firſt and principall perſon in the temple, was IRENE, or Peace; ſhee was placed aloft in a Cant, […]
* Slope, the angle at which something is set.
** 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “‘Pieces of Eight’”, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC, part V (My Sea Adventure), page 218:Owing to the cant of the vessel, the masts hung far out over the water, and from my perch on the cross-trees I had nothing below me but the surface of the bay.
* A corner (of a building).
    Synonym: corner
* An outer or external angle.
* An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope or bevel; a tilt.
    Synonyms: bevel, slope, tilt
* A movement or throw that overturns something.
** 1830, The Edinburgh Encyclopedia, volume 3, page 621
    It is not only of great service in keeping the boat in her due position on the sea, but also in creating a tendency immediately to recover from any sudden cant, or lurch, from a heavy wave; and it is besides beneficial in diminishing the violence of beating against the sides of the vessel which she may go to relieve.
* A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn so given.
    to give a ball a cant
* (coopering) A segment forming a side piece in the head of a cask.
* A segment of the rim of a wooden cogwheel.
* (nautical) A piece of wood laid upon the deck of a vessel to support the bulkheads.
* (lumbering) An unfinished log after preliminary cutting.

##### Derived terms

* cantboard
* cant-dog, cant dog
* cant hook
* cant rail
* cantrail
* cant strip

##### Related terms

* cantilever

##### Translations
#### Verb

cant (third-person singular simple present cants, present participle canting, simple past and past participle canted)
* (transitive) To set (something) at an angle; to tilt.
    to cant a cask
    to cant a ship
** 1979 August, Graham Burtenshaw, Michael S. Welch, “O.V.S. Bulleid's SR loco-hauled coaches - 1”, in Railway World, page 396:Mirrors in the compartments have been canted out of the vertical plane to reduce reflections to the passengers when seated.
* (transitive) To give a sudden turn or new direction to.
    to cant round a stick of timber
    to cant a football
* (transitive) To bevel an edge or corner.
* (transitive) To overturn so that the contents are emptied.

##### Derived terms

* recant (Etymology 2)

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Unknown, but compare Provençal cantel (“corner, piece”) or Old Northern French cantel (“piece broken off”). The verb is attested from the 15th century, and the noun from the 16th. See cantle, from which cant is possibly back-formed as if it contained the suffix -le.

#### Verb

cant (third-person singular simple present cants, present participle canting, simple past and past participle canted)
* (transitive, obsolete) To divide or parcel out.

#### Noun

cant (plural cants)
* (dialectal, forestry) A parcel, a division.

### Etymology 4

From Middle English cant, kaunt, presumably from Middle Low German *kant, perhaps a slang word related to kant (“edge, rim”), from Medieval Latin canthus. Attested from the 13th or 14th century.

#### Alternative forms

* kant

#### Adjective

cant (not comparable)
* (British, dialectal) Lively, lusty.

### References

* ↑ Tom McArthur (1992) The Oxford Companion to the English Language, Oxford University Press, →ISBN
* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “cant”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ Edward H[enry] Knight (1877) “Cant”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes I (A–GAS), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC.
* ↑ Edward H[enry] Knight (1877) “Cant”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes I (A–GAS), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC.
* ↑ Edward H[enry] Knight (1877) “Cant”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes I (A–GAS), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC.
* 1 2 cant, n.2, in James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Cant”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.
* ↑ cant, v.1, in James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Cant”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.
* ↑ cant, adj., in James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Cant”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.

### Further reading

* Cant (language) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* NCTA, T-Can

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin cantus. Compare Occitan cant.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈkan]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkant]

### Noun

cant m (plural cants)
* song
    Synonym: cançó

#### Derived terms

* cantada
* cantarella
* cantussol

#### Related terms

* cançó
* cantar
* cantiga
* cantilena
* cantor
* cantúria

### References

* “cant” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Italian
### Noun

cant m (apocopated)
* Apocopic form of canto

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* cante, kant, kaunt

### Etymology

Possibly from Middle Low German *kant, perhaps a slang word related to kant (“edge, rim”), from Medieval Latin canthus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kant/

### Adjective

cant
* (Northern, Early Scots) bold, lively, cant
** c. 1340, Cursor Mundi, Cotton Vespasian A iii, lines 8943-46:
    Iuus þat war sa cant and kene, / Quen þai had þis meracles sene, / þai drou it þen and mad a brig / Ouer a litel burn to ligJews who were so bold and ready, when they had seen this miracle, pulled it out and made a bridge over a little stream to lie

#### Descendants

* English: cant (dialectal)
* Scots: cant

#### References

* “cant, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Middle Scots
### Alternative forms

* kant

### Etymology

From Middle English cant (“bold, lively”).

### Adjective

cant
* lively
** 1513, Virgil, translated by Gavin Douglas, Aeneid:The cadgyar callis furth his capill with crakkis wail cantThe carrier summons his horse with very lively shouts

## Old French
### Noun

cant oblique singular, m (oblique plural canz or cantz, nominative singular canz or cantz, nominative plural cant)
* Alternative form of chant

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Kante.

### Noun

cant n (plural canturi)
* edge

#### Declension
## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kant/
* Rhymes: -ant

### Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Brythonic *kant, from Proto-Celtic *kantom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

#### Numeral

cant
* (cardinal number) one hundred

##### Usage notes

* Preceding a noun, cant takes the form can.
* Cardinals following cant employ a (“and”) as a connecting word, which stands in contrast to ordinals after canfed, which use wedi'r (“past the, after the”), e.g. cant ac un (“one hundred and one”) but cyntaf wedi'r cant (“hundred-and-first”).

##### Derived terms

* hanner cant (“fifty”)
* cant a hanner (“one hundred and fifty”)
* dau gant (“two hundred”)
* tri chant (“three hundred”)
* pum cant (“five hundred”)

#### Noun

cant m (plural cannoedd)
* hundred
* century

##### Derived terms

* cannoedd ar filoedd (“hundreds of thousands”)

### Etymology 2

Middle Welsh, from Proto-Celtic *kantos (“corner, rim”). Related to Breton kant (“circle”), Old Irish cétad (“round seat”).

#### Noun

cant m (plural cantau)
* hoop
* rim

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Definition from the BBC
* Hoops, Johannes (1973): Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, Volume 16, p. 445