OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# estu
## Aromanian
### Noun

estu (feminine estã, masculine plural eshti or eshtsã, feminine plural esti or este)
* Alternative form of aestu.

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈestu]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -estu
* Hyphenation: es‧tu

### Verb

estu
* imperative of esti
    Patro nia, kiu estas en la ĉielo, Via nomo estu sanktigita.Our Father, who is in heaven, may Your name be kept holy.

## Volscian
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognate with Latin estō, the future imperative of Latin sum.

### Verb

estu (3rd person singular future active imperative)
* to be

### References

* Rex Wallace (January 1, 1985) “Volscian "sepu"/Oscan "sipus"”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 90, number 135 (quotation in English; overall work in English), page 52: “https://www.proquest.com/openview/3870e9c3cc6fdfb01b7f8fc5d4ced621”
* Carl Darling Buck (1904) A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary‎ (in English), Ginn & Company, page 20
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135
# alerce
## English
### Noun

alerce (countable and uncountable, plural alerces)
* The wood of the sandarac tree (Tetraclinis).
* The Chilean arbor vitae (Austrocedrus chilensis).
** 2018, Richard Powers, The Overstory, Vintage (2019), page 485:An alerce in southern Chile, older than the Bible but still putting forth seeds.
* Fitzroya cupressoides.

### Anagrams

* Carlee, Cereal, cereal, claree, cleare, relace

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Andalusian Arabic اَلْأَرْز (al-ʔarz), from Classical Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz, “cedar”).

### Noun

alerce m (plural alerces)
* (countable) larch (Larix, a coniferous tree)
    Synonyms: larice, lariço

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Andalusian Arabic اَلْأَرْز (al-ʔarz), from Classical Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz, “cedar”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /aˈleɾθe/ [aˈleɾ.θe]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /aˈleɾse/ [aˈleɾ.se]
* Audio (Venezuela):(file)
* Rhymes: -eɾθe
* Rhymes: -eɾse
* Syllabification: a‧ler‧ce

### Noun

alerce m (plural alerces)
* larch tree (trees of the genus Larix)
* the wood of the larch tree
* Patagonian cypress (Fitzroya cupressoides), a species of cypress tree
    Synonyms: ciprés de la Patagonia, lahuán

#### Derived terms

* alerce africano
* Los Alerces

### Further reading

* “alerce”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* alerce on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{es}$
* Larix on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{es}$
* Fitzroya cupressoides on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{es}$
# Gherăeștii Noi
## Romanian
### Etymology

From Gherăești + nou.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

Gherăeștii Noi m
* A village in Gherăești, Neamț County, Romania
# Chernobyl
## English
### Alternative forms

* Chornobyl (Ukraine)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian Черно́быль (Černóbylʹ).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /tʃɜːˈnɒbəl/, /tʃɜːˈnəʊbəl/
* (General American) IPA: /t͡ʃɚˈnoʊbəl/
* Rhymes: -ɒbəl, -əʊbəl

### Proper noun

Chernobyl
* A partially abandoned city and ghost town in northern Ukraine, known as the site of a nuclear disaster.
** 1991 July 26, Brad Knickerbocker, “Think Tank on the Efficient Energy Trail”, in Christian Science Monitor‎:A couple of oil shocks, a Chernobyl meltdown, and a Gulf War later, his basic message - the need to emphasize efficiency and renewable resources over oil and nuclear power - is still a minority view, […]
* (by extension) The 1986 nuclear accident which resulted in the abandonment of the aforementioned city.
    After Chernobyl, very few nuclear power plants were built for years.

#### Usage notes

Ukrainians recommend the use of "Chornobyl" instead of "Chernobyl". The former name is the place's name in Ukrainian, while the latter, being from Russian, is seen as supportive of Russian nationalism.

#### Derived terms

* Chernobylian
* chernobylite (the mineral)
* Chernobylite (a person from Chernobyl)
* Chernobyl syndrome

#### Translations
### Noun

Chernobyl (plural Chernobyls)
* (by extension) A major nuclear-energy accident.
** 1994 August, “Nuclear chaos”, in Popular Science, volume 245, number 2, page 54:Many secret cities were Chernobyls in slow motion.
** 1999 May 6, Terence Scully, “When cell phones kill our brain waves, we will worry less”, in The Record (Kitchener, Ont.):The effects of a Chernobyl disaster in my community would probably be barely noticeable.
** 2007 September 7, “Imagining a World Without Humans”, in NPR_TalkNation:So those would be a lot of Chernobyls that the ecosystem would have to deal with.
** 2010 March 10, Ben Garcia, “Many Kuwaitis yet to be convinced on nuke energy”, in Kuwait Times:It has to be handled properly with great accuracy and no room for mistakes, because if we do have like a Chernobyl catastrophe, God forbid, it could wipe out our entire people.

### See also

* Bhopal
* Fukushima
* Hiroshima

## Italian
### Alternative forms

* Cernobyl

### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian Черно́быль (Černóbylʹ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɛr.no.bil/, /t͡ʃer.noˈbil/
* Rhymes: -ɛrnobil, -il

### Proper noun

Chernobyl ?
* Chernobyl (an abandoned city in Kiev Oblast, Ukraine, site of a major 1986 nuclear accident)

### References

* ↑ Chernobil in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

## Portuguese
### Proper noun

Chernobyl f
* Alternative spelling of Chernobil
# martyrium
## English
### Etymology

From Ecclesiastical Latin martyrium, from Ancient Greek μαρτύριον (martúrion, “testimony”). Equivalent to martyr +‎ -ium.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /mɑːˈtɪɹ.i.əm/
* (General American) IPA: /mɑɹˈtiɹ.i.əm/

### Noun

martyrium (plural martyriums or martyria)
* A tomb or other edifice erected in homage to a martyr.

#### Synonyms

* (rhetoric): testatio

#### Related terms

* martyr
* martyrdom

#### Translations
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin martyrium, from Ancient Greek μαρτύριον (martúrion).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌmɑrˈtiː.ri.ʏm/
* Hyphenation: mar‧ty‧ri‧um

### Noun

martyrium n (plural martyria)
* (Christianity) a hagiography about a martyr
    Synonyms: martyrologie, martyrologium
* a tomb, church or monument erected in memory of a martyr

## French
### Noun

martyrium f (plural martyriums)
* martyrium

### Further reading

* “martyrium”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek μαρτύριον (martúrion, “testimony”). By surface analysis, martyr +‎ -ium.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /marˈty.ri.um/, [märˈt̪ʏriʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /marˈti.ri.um/, [märˈt̪iːrium]

### Noun

martyrium n (genitive martyriī or martyrī); second declension
* (Ecclesiastical Latin) martyrdom; testimony of a martyr, especially through blood (death)
* (Ecclesiastical Latin) a martyrium; burial place of a martyr
* (Ecclesiastical Latin) a church dedicated to a martyr

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Related terms

* martyr

#### Descendants

* English: martyrium
* French: martyre
* German: Martyrium
* Italian: martirio
* Old Galician-Portuguese: marteiro
    Portuguese: martírio
* Romanian: martiriu
* Spanish: martirio
* Arabic: مَرْطُول (marṭūl)

### References

* “martyrium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* "martyrium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* martyrium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

martyrium n (definite singular martyriet, indefinite plural martyrier, definite plural martyria or martyriene)
* death of or as a martyr
    Synonym: martyrdød
* (figurative) prolonged suffering

### References

* “martyrium” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “martyrium” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

martyrium n (definite singular martyriet, indefinite plural martyrium, definite plural martyria)
* death of or as a martyr
    Synonym: martyrdød
* (figurative) prolonged suffering

### References

* “martyrium” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
# lumpuh
## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay lumpuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumpuq.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈlumpuh/ [ˈlum.pʊh]
* Rhymes: -umpuh
* Syllabification: lum‧puh

### Adjective

lumpuh
* paralyzed, crippled, lame
* (figurative) neutralized, crippled

#### Derived terms

* kelumpuhan
* melumpuhkan
* pelumpuh
* pelumpuhan
* perlumpuhan

### Further reading

* “lumpuh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# nunataq
## English
### Noun

nunataq (plural nunataqs)
* Alternative form of nunatak

## Greenlandic
### Alternative forms

* nunataĸ (superseded)

### Etymology

nuna +‎ -taq

### Pronunciation

* (Nuuk) IPA: /nunataq/, [nʉ.nə.tɑq]

### Noun

nunataq (plural nunatat)
* nunatak, an exposed, often rocky element of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within (or at the edge of) an ice field or glacier.

#### Descendants

* → English: nunatak
# toldería
## Spanish
### Etymology

From toldo (“wigwam”) +‎ -ería.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /toldeˈɾia/ [t̪ol̪.d̪eˈɾi.a]
* Rhymes: -ia
* Syllabification: tol‧de‧rí‧a

### Noun

toldería f (plural tolderías)
* (Chile, Rioplatense) encampment

### Further reading

* “toldería”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# fiscella
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin fiscella.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fiʃˈʃɛl.la/
* Rhymes: -ɛlla
* Hyphenation: fi‧scèl‧la

### Noun

fiscella f (plural fiscelle)
* a conical wicker basket used to drain fresh ricotta
    Synonym: (made of plastic material suitable for food use) fuscella

#### Descendants

* → Maltese: bixkilla, bexkilla (dialectal)

### Anagrams

* fallisce

## Latin
### Etymology

From fiscina (“small wicker basket”) +‎ -la (feminine diminutive suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /fisˈkel.la/, [fɪs̠ˈkɛlːʲä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /fiʃˈʃel.la/, [fiʃˈʃɛlːä]

### Noun

fiscella f (genitive fiscellae); first declension
* small wicker basket

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

#### Descendants

* Italian: fiscella, fistella
* Sicilian: fasceḍḍa, vasceḍḍa

### References

* “fiscella”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “fiscella”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* fiscella in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# thëri
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* thëni — Gheg

### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *tsanidā, from Proto-Indo-European *-níd- (“nit”). Compare Serbo-Croatian gnjida, Old High German hniz, Greek κόνιδα (kónida) (κονίς (konís)). Matzinger suggests *ćanidā as the Proto-Albanian form instead.

### Noun

thëri f (plural thëri)
* nit
    Synonym: ergjëz

#### Hypernyms

* morr

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “thëri”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 50
* ↑ Schumacher, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 236
# den gyllene medelvägens
## Swedish
### Noun

den gyllene medelvägens
* definite genitive singular of gyllene medelväg
# de gyllene medelvägarnas
## Swedish
### Noun

de gyllene medelvägarnas
* definite genitive plural of gyllene medelväg
# atësia
## Albanian
### Noun

atësia
* definite nominative singular of atësi
# eshtat
## Albanian
### Noun

eshtat
* definite nominative/accusative plural of eshtë
# חברה
## Hebrew
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

חֲבֵרָה • (khaverá) f (plural indefinite חֲבֵרוֹת, masculine counterpart חָבֵר) [pattern: קְטֵלָה]
* A female friend, or more generally a female teammate, classmate, partner, or similar.
* (specifically) A girlfriend; a female romantic partner.
** Tanach, Malachi 2:14, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:...וְהִיא חֲבֶרְתְּךָ וְאֵשֶׁת בְּרִיתֶךָ....vəhí ḥavertəchá vəéshet britécha....Though she is thy companion, And the wife of thy covenant.
* A female member (as of an organization or society).
* (socialism) A female comrade.

##### Descendants

* → Classical Syriac: ܚܒܪܬܐ (“female friend, neighbor”)
** → Lishana Deni: כורתא (xwarṯa, “female friend”)

#### Noun

חֶבְרָה • (khevrá) f (plural indefinite חֲבָרוֹת, singular construct חֶבְרַת־, plural construct חֶבְרוֹת־) [pattern: קִטְלָה]
* Company, society: the state of being with one or more other people.
* Company, society: one or more people that one is with.
* A society: a collection of individuals with common characteristics or some connection between them.
* A society, an association: a group of people who have united for a certain purpose.
* A company, a corporation: a business with multiple owners, or owned by a group.
* (ecology) a community

##### Derived terms

* חֶבְרָתִי (khevratí)

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: xavra (“synagogue”)
* → Lithuanian: chebra (“group of friends, clique, gang”)
* → Ottoman Turkish: خاوره (“synagogue”), خورا, حاوره, هورا, هاوره
** Turkish: havra
** → Armenian: խավռա (xavṙa, “confusion, disorder”)
** → Greek: χάβρα (chávra)
** → Macedonian: авра (avra, “synagogue”)
** → Romanian: havră
* → Yiddish: חבֿרה (khevre, “friend group”)
** → Hebrew: חֶבְרֶה (khévre)
** → English: chevre, chevra

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Yiddish חבֿרה (khevre), in turn from Hebrew חֶבְרָה (khevrá), which is a doublet.

#### Alternative forms

* חֶבְרֶ׳ה (khévr'e)

#### Noun

חֶבְרֶה • (khévre) m pl
* (colloquial) Friends, a group of friends.

### References

* “חברה” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# チカㇵ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* チカㇷ゚ (Hokkaido, Kuril, South Kuril)
* チリ (Kuril)
* チㇼ (Kuril, North Kuril)
* チㇼプ (Kuril)

### Noun

チカㇵ • (cikah)
* (Sakhalin) bird

### References

   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)
# チリ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* チカㇷ゚ (Hokkaido, Kuril, South Kuril)
* チカㇵ (Sakhalin)
* チㇼ (Kuril, North Kuril)
* チㇼプ (Kuril)

### Noun

チリ • (chiri)
* (Kuril) bird

### References

   * 『千島アイヌ』「千島地名普通單語集」 (Chishima Ainu - Chishima Chimei Futsū Tango Shū, “Kuril Islands Ainu - Kuril place name common word list”)‎ (in Japanese), Hokkaidō: 鳥居龍藏 (Torii Ryūzō), 1903 (Kuril)
   * DYBOWSKI のシュムシュ島アイヌ語資料について（第1部） (DYBOWSKI No Shumushu Tō Ainu Go Shiryō Ni Tsuite (Dai 1 Bu), “On DYBOWSKI's Shumshu Island Ainu Language Materials (Part 1)”)‎ (in Japanese), Fukuoka: 村山七郎 (Murayama Shichirō), 1970 (Kuril)

## Japanese

* Alternative spelling
* 智利 (obsolete)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese Chile, ultimately from Quechua chili (“the end of the world”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) チリ [chíꜜrì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡ɕiɾʲi]

### Proper noun

チリ • (Chiri)
* Chile (a country in South America)

#### Synonyms

* チリ共和国(きょうわこく) (Chiri Kyōwakoku): Republic of Chile

#### Derived terms

* チリ硝石(しょうせき) (chiri shōseki, “Chile saltpetre”)

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
# チㇼプ
## Ainu
### Alternative forms

* チカㇷ゚ (Hokkaido, Kuril, South Kuril)
* チカㇵ (Sakhalin)
* チリ (Kuril)
* チㇼ (Kuril, North Kuril)

### Noun

チㇼプ • (cirpu)
* (Kuril) bird

### References

   * DYBOWSKI のシュムシュ島アイヌ語資料について（第1部） (DYBOWSKI No Shumushu Tō Ainu Go Shiryō Ni Tsuite (Dai 1 Bu), “On DYBOWSKI's Shumshu Island Ainu Language Materials (Part 1)”)‎ (in Japanese), Fukuoka: 村山七郎 (Murayama Shichirō), 1970 (Kuril)
# 栝樓
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guālóu
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kut$^3$ lau$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guālóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gualóu
*** Wade–Giles: kua$^1$-lou$^2$
*** Yale: gwā-lóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gualou
*** Palladius: гуалоу (gualou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kut$^3$ lau$^4$
*** Yale: kut làuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kut$^8$ lau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kud$^3$ leo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuːt̚³ lɐu̯²¹/

### Noun

栝樓
* (botany) Chinese snake gourd (Trichosanthes kirilowii)
# xar
## Cypriot Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic نَهَار (nahār).

### Noun

xar m (dual yomayn, plural θkyem)
* day
    exex-xar ― one day
    xamps-iθkyem ― five days
    exte yomayn ― a day or two

### See also

* kúyyom
* yamusift
* yamuxmis
* yamuθnáyn / yamuxnáyn
* yyawm / yawm

### References

* Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 473

## Kangjia
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *gar-, compare Mongolian гарах (garax), Dongxiang khirei.

### Verb

xar
* to go out

## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xɑːɾ/

### Noun

xar f
* marble (spherical ball)

## Wolof
### Verb

xar
* to cut in half

### Noun

xar (definite form xar wi)
* piece, portion

#### Related terms

* xarit

### Noun

xar (definite form xar mi)
* sheep
# スㇽクㇽ
## Ainu
### Noun

スㇽクㇽ • (surkur)
* (Kuril, North Kuril) eagle

### References

   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# ウㇽ
## Ainu
### Noun

ウㇽ • (ur)
* (Kuril, South Kuril) coat

### References

   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# Meruliaceae
## Translingual
### Etymology

Merulius +‎ -aceae

### Proper noun

Meruliaceae
* A taxonomic family within the order Polyporales – some species causing white rot.

#### Hypernyms

* (family): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Fungi – kingdom; Dikarya – subkingdom; Basidiomycota – phylum; Agaricomycotina – subphylum; Agaricomycetes – class; Agaricomycetidae – subclass; Polyporales – order

#### Hyponyms

* (family): Merulius – type genus; Abortiporus, Cerocorticium, Chrysoderma, Climacodon, Crustoderma, Cymatoderma, Flaviporus, Flavodon, Gyrophanopsis, Hydnophanerochaete, Hydnophlebia, Hyphoderma, Hypochnicium, Irpiciporus, Mycoacia, Mycoaciella, Mycorrhaphium, Phlebia, Podoscypha, Porpomyces, Radulodon, Resinicium, Sarcodontia, Scopuloides, Steccherinum – selected other genera

### References

* Meruliaceae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Meruliaceae on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Meruliaceae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Meruliaceae available from http://www.irmng.org at VLIZ.03 Rees, T. (compiler) (2017). The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
* Meruliaceae at the Open Tree of Life Web Project
* Meruliaceae at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
* Meruliaceae at the Catalogue of Life
* Meruliaceae at the Tree of Life Web Project
* Meruliaceae at National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Meruliaceae at MycoBank
# Beroun
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbɛrou̯n]

### Proper noun

Beroun m inan (relational adjective berounský)
* A town in the Czech Republic, lying on the confluence of Berounka and Litavka rivers, located 30 km southwest of Prague

#### Derived terms

* Berounka
# サケ
## Ainu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 酒.

### Noun

サケ • (sake)
* (Hokkaido, Sakhalin) rice beer
* (Kuril, South Kuril) wine

### References

   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)
   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Sakhalin)
   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)

## Japanese
### Noun

サケ • (sake)
* 鮭, 鮏: salmon
# タㇺパク
## Ainu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese タバコ, ultimately from Portuguese tabaco

### Noun

タㇺパク • (tampaku)
* (Hokkaido, Kuril, North Kuril) tobacco

### References

   * 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)
   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# エピラ
## Ainu
### Noun

エピラ • (epira)
* (Kuril, South Kuril) knife

### References

   * Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎, Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
# souriço
## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

Conceivably from Late Latin salsīcium (“prepared with salt”). If so, the replacement of the second /s/ with /ɾ/ could perhaps have resulted from dissimilation from the first /s/ or from contamination with Proto-West Germanic *sauʀ- “dry” (chorizo being a cured meat and all). Alternatively, perhaps derived from *sauʀ- to begin with, suffixed with -īcium > -iço.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sowˈɾit͡so/

### Noun

souriço m (plural souriços)
* chorizo (type of sausage)
** 13th c., Fernão Garcia de Sousa, cantiga de escárnio :Non acharedes, en toda Castela, / graças a Deus, de que mi agora praz, / melhor ventrulho nen melhor morcela / do que a ama con sa mão faz; / e al faz ben, como diz seu marido; / faz bon souriç' e lava ben transsido / e deita ben galinha choca assaz.You won't find in all of Castile – thank God for how she delights me – any better sausage of tripe, nor any of blood, than the one that the maid makes by hand. She's good at other things too, as her husband reports: she's good at making chorizo [...]

#### Descendants

* Galician: chourizo
* Portuguese: chouriço
** → English: chouriço
** → Spanish: chorizo (or borrowed from Galician) (see there for further descendants)

### References

* ↑ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN

### Further reading

* Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “chorizo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 392
* Martins Estêvez, Higino. Germanismos pouco estudados do Galego-Português.