# 倉

| 倉 | U+5009, &#20489; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5009 |
| ← 倈 [U+5008] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 倊 → [U+500A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

倉 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人戈日口 (OIAR) or 人一日口 (OMAR), four-corner 8060$_7$, composition ⿱亽⿸⿴尸一口(G) or ⿱亼⿸⿴尸一口(HTJKV))
* Shuowen Jiezi radical №183

#### Derived characters

* 傖, 凔, 創, 嗆, 嵢, 愴, 戧, 搶, 槍, 滄, 熗, 牄, 獊, 瑲, 瘡, 䅮, 篬, 艙, 蒼, 螥, 謒, 賶, 蹌, 䢢, 䤌, 鎗, 䱽, 鶬
* 𠏓, 𠏧, 𠑐, 𠑜, 𠞴, 𠟐, 𠥐, 𣯙, 𤚬, 𤾙, 𥎄, 𥏲, 𥻲, 𦃹, 𦞛, 𧽜, 𨜾, 𨶆, 𩀞, 𩝞, 𩮩, 𪙎
* 𪤇, 𪦔, 𪰻, 𫀞, 𬔎, 𬚤, 𬡧, 𰧕, 𱝷, 𱭟, 𱏗, 𲉝, 𲊶

#### Related characters

* 仓 (Simplified Chinese)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: 人部/八畫 on the Chinese Wikisource.
* Kangxi Dictionary: page 107, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 756
* Dae Jaweon: page 227, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 169, character 15
* Unihan data for U+5009

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 倉 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Odd character | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| Oracle bone scriptj13026Bronze inscriptionsb08054b08055b08056Small seal scripts03774s03775Transcribed ancient scriptsL32910L32911L32912L32913L09963L09964L09965L09966L09967L09968L09969L09970L09971L09972L09973L09974 ||||||||
| References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script). ||||||||
| | Old Chinese |
| 艙 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 倉 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 蒼 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ |
| 滄 | *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 傖 | *sʰaːŋ, *zraːŋ |
| 鶬 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 凔 | *sʰaːŋ |
| 槍 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 搶 | *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ |
| 蹌 | *sʰaŋ |
| 瑲 | *sʰaŋ |
| 牄 | *sʰaŋ |
| 嗆 | *sʰaŋs |
| 創 | *sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs |
| 瘡 | *sʰraŋ |
| 愴 | *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs |
| 鎗 | *sʰraːŋ |
In oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, pictogram (象形): a granary, depicting its roof (亼), a door (戶), and a pit for storing grain (口). Alternatively an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 合 (“gather”) + 戶 (“door”) – a warehouse. The component 戶 corrupted into 𠁣 in Qin bamboo slips. This form was inherited in small seal script and was misinterpreted as cognate with the unrelated 食 in the Shuowen Jiezi.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): cāng (cang$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄘㄤ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cang$^1$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhông
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cong$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): chŏng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhng / chhong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cang$^1$ / ceng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cang
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻang$^1$
*** Yale: tsāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsang
*** Palladius: цан (can)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cang$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cang
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^1$
*** Yale: chōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhông
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: cong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰouŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhng / chhong
*** Tâi-lô: tshng / tshong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhngf, zhofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍³³/, /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cang$^1$ / ceng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshang / tshṳng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaŋ³³/, /t͡sʰɯŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tshaon
*** MiniDict: tshaon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tshaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tshang
Rime :
| Character | 倉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 七岡切 |
| Baxter | tshang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r̥]ˤaŋ/, /*tsʰˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 倉 | 倉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cāng | cāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshang › | ‹ tshang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s.r̥]ˁaŋ/ | /*tsʰˁaŋ/ |
| English | tshang-kæng "oriole" | granary |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 倉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1125 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 倉 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaːŋ/ |

### Definitions

倉
* granary
* warehouse
** 1996, 《新標點和合本》 [Chinese Union Version Modern Punctuation], 聯合聖經公會, 路加福音 [Luke] 12:24:
       Nǐ xiǎng wūyā, yě bù zhǒng yě bù shōu, yòu méiyǒu cāng yòu méiyǒu kù, Shén shàngqiě yǎnghuó tā. Nǐmen bǐ fēiniǎo shì héděng de guìzhòng ne! [Pinyin]
       Consider the ravens: they don’t sow, they don’t reap, they have no warehouse or barn, and God feeds them. How much more valuable are you than birds! [World English Bible]
* (trading) position
* (Cantonese) prison
* Alternative form of 艙 / 舱 (cāng)
* Alternative form of 滄 / 沧 (cāng)

#### Compounds

* 三倉 / 三仓
* 京倉 / 京仓
* 倉促 / 仓促 (cāngcù)
* 倒倉 / 倒仓
* 倉倉皇皇 / 仓仓皇皇
* 倉儲 / 仓储 (cāngchǔ)
* 倉公 / 仓公
* 倉卒 / 仓卒 (cāngcù)
* 倉埠 / 仓埠 (Cāngbù)
* 倉容 / 仓容 (cāngróng)
* 倉庚 / 仓庚 (cānggēng)
* 倉庫 / 仓库 (cāngkù)
* 倉庾 / 仓庾
* 倉廒 / 仓廒
* 倉廩 / 仓廪 (cānglǐn)
* 倉忙 / 仓忙 (cāngmáng)
* 倉房 / 仓房 (cāngfáng)
* 倉猝 / 仓猝 (cāngcù)
* 倉皇 / 仓皇 (cānghuáng)
* 倉皇失措 / 仓皇失措
* 倉皇無措 / 仓皇无措
* 倉神 / 仓神
* 倉租 / 仓租
* 倉頡篇 / 仓颉篇 (Cāngjiépiān)
* 冷藏倉庫 / 冷藏仓库
* 千倉萬箱 / 千仓万箱
* 司倉 / 司仓
* 四行倉庫 / 四行仓库
* 囷倉 / 囷仓
* 填倉 / 填仓
* 大倉 / 大仓 (Dàcāng)
* 太倉 / 太仓 (Tàicāng)
* 太倉一粟 / 太仓一粟
* 太倉稊米 / 太仓稊米
* 小倉山 / 小仓山
* 廣惠倉 / 广惠仓
* 快碼倉頡 / 快码仓颉
* 暗度陳倉 / 暗度陈仓 (àndùchéncāng)
* 清倉 / 清仓 (qīngcāng)
* 添倉 / 添仓
* 監倉 / 监仓
* 社倉 / 社仓
* 穀倉 / 谷仓 (gǔcāng)
* 米倉 / 米仓 (mǐcāng)
* 米爛成倉 / 米烂成仓
* 糧倉 / 粮仓 (liángcāng)
* 義倉 / 义仓 (yìcāng)
* 貨倉 / 货仓 (huòcāng)
* 買空倉 / 买空仓 (mǎikōngcāng)
* 鐮倉 / 镰仓 (Liáncāng)
* 鐮倉幕府 / 镰仓幕府

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 倉(そう) (sō)
* → Korean: 창(倉) (chang)
* → Vietnamese: thương (倉)
* → Classical Mongolian: ᠰᠠᠩ (sang)
** Mongolian: ᠰᠠᠩ (sang) / сан (san)
** → Buryat: сан (san), һан (han)
** → Khamnigan Mongol: сан
** → Tuvan: саң (sañ)
** → Written Oirat: ᠰᠠᡊ (sang)
*** Kalmyk: саң (sañ)
* → Thai: ฉาง (chǎang)

### References

* “倉”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
* “倉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
* Kun: くら (kura, 倉, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 倉稲魂(うかたま) (Ukatama)
* 倉庫(そうこ) (sōko)
* 倉皇(そうこう) (sōkō)
* 倉廩(そうりん) (sōrin)
* 営倉(えいそう) (eisō)
* 監倉(かんそう) (kansō)
* 穀倉(こくそう) (kokusō)
* 常平倉(じょうへいそう) (jōheisō)
* 船倉(せんそう) (sensō)
* 弾倉(だんそう) (dansō)
* 土倉(どそう) (dosō)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 倉
* くら Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 倉 – see the following entry. :
| 【蔵くら】6 | [noun] warehouse, storehouse Alternative spelling 庫 |
(This term, 倉, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Derived terms

* 倉入(くらい)れ (kuraire)
* 倉敷(くらしき) (Kurashiki)
* 倉出(くらだ)し (kuradashi)
* 倉荷(くらに) (kurani)
* 倉主(くらぬし) (kuranushi)
* 校倉(あぜくら) (azekura)
* 内倉(うちぐら) (uchigura)
* 鎌倉(かまくら) (Kamakura)
* 小倉(こくら) (Kokura)
* 米倉(こめぐら) (komegura)
* 高倉(たかくら) (takakura)
* 武器倉(ぶきぐら) (bukigura)
* 胸倉(むなぐら) (munagura)
* 矢倉(やぐら) (yagura)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 倉 (MC tshang). Recorded as Middle Korean 차ᇰ (chang) (Yale: chang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (granary; warehouse; etc.):
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠ŋ]
** Phonetic hangul: [창]
* (in 창졸 (倉卒, changjol)):
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰa̠(ː)ŋ]
** Phonetic hangul: [창(ː)]
*** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 倉 (eumhun 곳집 창 (gotjip chang))
* hanja form of 창 (“granary”)
* hanja form of 창 (“warehouse; storage”)

#### Compounds

* 개창 (開倉, gaechang)
* 곡창 (穀倉, gokchang)
* 삼창 (三倉, samchang)
* 선창 (船倉, seonchang)
* 영창 (營倉, yeongchang)
* 창고 (倉庫, changgo)
* 창곡 (倉穀, changgok)
* 창름 (倉凜, changneum)
* 창부 (倉府, changbu)
* 창졸 (倉卒, changjol)
* 창힐 (倉頡, Changhil)
* 탄창 (彈倉, tanchang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

倉: Hán Nôm readings: thương, thưng, thơng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.