# esa
## English
### Proper noun

esa
* Alternative letter-case form of ESA (trademark stylisation)

### Anagrams

* -ase, AES, ASE, EAS, EAs, SAE, SEA, Sea, a**es, aes, ase, eas, sea

## Asturian
### Adjective

esa
* feminine singular of esi

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛsa]

### Noun

esa n
* inflection of eso:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛsɐ/

### Determiner

esa f (masculine singular ese, masculine plural eses, feminine plural esas)
* that

### Further reading

* “esa”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From er +‎ ekki.

### Adverb

esa
* (rare) am not

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa (*əsa), from Proto-Austronesian *isa (*əsa).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /əˈsa/ [əˈsa]
** Rhymes: -a
* (nonstandard) IPA: /ˈesa/ [ˈe.sa]
* Syllabification: e‧sa

### Numeral

êsa
* (archaic) Synonym of satu (“one”)

### Adjective

êsa
* (archaic, poetic) Synonym of tunggal (“single”)
    Tuhan Yang Maha EsaThe One Almighty God.

#### Derived terms

* (chiefly obsolete) beresa-esaan (“to be alone (on purpose)”)
* (poetic) keesaan (“singularity”)
* (poetic) mengesakan (“to singularize, believe in one”)

### References

* Adelaar, K. A. (1992) Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology‎, Canberra: The Australian National University
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*isa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Further reading

* “esa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Japanese
### Romanization

esa
* Rōmaji transcription of えさ

## Kankanaey
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Kankanaey) IPA: /ˈʔəsa/ [ˈʔɨː.sʌ]
** IPA: (parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) /ˈʔəha/ [ˈʔɨː.hʌ]
* Rhymes: -əsa, (parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -əha
* Syllabification: e‧sa

### Numeral

ësa
* one

## Latin
### Participle

ēsa
* inflection of ēsus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Participle

ēsā
* ablative feminine singular of ēsus

## Malay
### Alternative forms

* ĕsă (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *əsa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa (*əsa), from Proto-Austronesian *isa (*əsa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esa/, /əsa/
* (Johor-Riau) IPA: [esə], [əsə]
* Rhymes: -esa, -a

### Numeral

esa (Jawi spelling اسا)
* (archaic) Synonym of satu (“one”)

### References

* Adelaar, K. A. (1992) Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology‎, Canberra: The Australian National University
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*isa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Northern Paiute
### Etymology

Compare Cahuilla 'ísill (“coyote”) and 'íswet (“wolf”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /isa/ or * IPA: /iʃa/

### Noun

esa
* wolf

## Nupe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /è.sá/

### Noun

èsá (plural èsázhì)
* stool (in particular) a traditional Nupe stool.
* chair; seat

#### Derived terms

* èsákó (“table”)

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeːsɑ/, [ˈeːzɑ]

### Noun

ēsa
* genitive plural of ōs (gods')

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* eta (Latin script)
* 𑀏𑀢 (Brahmi script)
* एत (Devanagari script)
* এত (Bengali script)
* එත (Sinhalese script)
* ဧတ or ဨတ or ဢေတ (Burmese script)
* เอต or เอตะ (Thai script)
* ᩑᨲ (Tai Tham script)
* ເອຕ or ເອຕະ (Lao script)
* ឯត (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄬𑄖 (Chakma script)
* 𑀏𑀲 (Brahmi script)
* एस (Devanagari script)
* এস (Bengali script)
* එස (Sinhalese script)
* ဧသ or ဨသ or ဢေသ (Burmese script)
* เอส or เอสะ (Thai script)
* ᩑᩈ (Tai Tham script)
* ເອສ or ເອສະ (Lao script)
* ឯស (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄬𑄥 (Chakma script)

### Adjective

esa
* alternative stem of eta
* as word form, nominative singular masculine of eta
** c. 50 BC, The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎, Colombo, 2009:5. න හි වෙරෙන වෙරාචී සම‍්මන‍්තීධ කුදාචනං 5 අඞවරෙන ච සම‍්මන‍්ති එස ධම‍්මො සනන‍්තනො.5. Na hi verena verāni sammantīdha kudācanaṃ 5 Averena ca sammanti esa dhammo sanantano.5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred, but are settled by love. This is an eternal truth.(literally, “5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred, but are settled by love. This truth is eternal.”)(Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)

### Pronoun

esa m
* alternative stem of eta
* as word form, nominative singular of eta

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin ipsa, from ipse.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈesa/ [ˈe.sa]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -esa
* Syllabification: e‧sa

### Determiner

esa f sg
* feminine singular of ese

### Pronoun

esa f sg
* Alternative spelling of ésa

#### Usage notes

The unaccented form can function as a pronoun if it can be unambiguously deduced as such from context.

### See also

| | | | | nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive |
| first person | singular | singular | singular | yo | me | me | mí$^1$ |
| first person | plural | masculine$^2$ | masculine$^2$ | nosotros | nos | nos | nosotros |
| first person | plural | feminine | feminine | nosotras | nos | nos | nosotras |
| second person | singular | tuteo | tuteo | tú | te | te | ti$^1$ |
| second person | singular | voseo | voseo | vos | te | te | vos |
| second person | singular | formal$^3$ | formal$^3$ | usted | le, se$^4$ | lo/la$^5$ | usted |
| second person | plural | familiar$^6$ | masculine$^2$ | vosotros | os | os | vosotros |
| second person | plural | familiar$^6$ | feminine | vosotras | os | os | vosotras |
| second person | plural | formal/general$^3$ | formal/general$^3$ | ustedes | les, se$^4$ | los/las$^5$ | ustedes |
| third person | singular | masculine$^2$ | masculine$^2$ | él | le, se$^4$ | lo | él |
| third person | singular | feminine | feminine | ella | le, se$^4$ | la | ella |
| third person | singular | neuter | neuter | ello$^7$ | le, se$^4$ | lo | ello |
| third person | plural | masculine$^2$ | masculine$^2$ | ellos | les, se$^4$ | los | ellos |
| third person | plural | feminine | feminine | ellas | les, se$^4$ | las | ellas |
| third person | reflexive | reflexive | reflexive | — | se | se | sí$^1$ |
* Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
* Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
* Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
* If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
* Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
* Used primarily in Spain
* Used only in rare circumstances