# 康

| 康 | U+5EB7, &#24247; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EB7 |
| ← 庶 [U+5EB6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 庸 → [U+5EB8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

康 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈中水 (ILE), four-corner 0023$_2$, composition ⿸广隶)

#### Derived characters

* 𨝎, 𨻷, 㝩, 嫝, 嵻, 慷, 漮, 𠻞, 𡐓, 𡻚, 㱂, 槺, 䆲, 穅, 𤮊, 𥉽, 𥕎, 䗧, 糠, 躿, 𫂞, 𨄗, 𨎍, 鏮, 𩾌, 鱇, 𪏢

#### See also

* 隶 庚

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 347, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9376
* Dae Jaweon: page 658, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 891, character 1
* Unihan data for U+5EB7

## Chinese

* 康 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 康 (Cantonese)

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 康 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 唐 | *ɡl'aːŋ |
| 煻 | *l'aːŋ |
| 糖 | *l'aːŋ |
| 搪 | *l'aːŋ |
| 蓎 | *l'aːŋ |
| 瑭 | *l'aːŋ |
| 餹 | *l'aːŋ |
| 篖 | *l'aːŋ |
| 螗 | *l'aːŋ |
| 塘 | *l'aːŋ |
| 鶶 | *l'aːŋ |
| 赯 | *l'aːŋ |
| 磄 | *l'aːŋ |
| 溏 | *l'aːŋ |
| 傏 | *l'aːŋ |
| 鎕 | *l'aːŋ |
| 榶 | *l'aːŋ |
| 嵣 | *l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs |
| 庚 | *kraːŋ |
| 賡 | *kraːŋ |
| 鹒 | *kraːŋ |
| 康 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 穅 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 糠 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 槺 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 漮 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 躿 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 慷 | *kʰlaːŋʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 庚 (“threshing tools”) + 米 (“rice”) – chaff. The clearest version is 𢊪, in which the two components can be identified well; in the semi-conservative variant 𥹺, the rice at the bottom is still well visible. The derivative 糠 refers to the original word.
Unrelated to 隶, in which the bottom part is a reference to a tail (毛); also unrelated to 水.

### Etymology
#### quiet, calm, peaceful

    Schuessler (2007) compares 康 (OC *khâŋ) < *khlaŋ to Mizo tlan ~ tlang (“good, kindly, mild, calm, etc.”), both tentatively from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *klaŋ.

#### Kham

    Borrowed from Tibetan ཁམས (khams).

#### "to look, to see"

    Arose from mishearing of 好康 (hǎokāng, “rich; lucky; fortunate”) as 好看 (hǎokàn, “good-looking; worth seeing”) in a line of 《如果早知道男生也會被性侵》.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kāng (kang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hong$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): không
    (Hailu, HRS): kong$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kong$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kŏng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kung$^1$ / kng$^1$ / korng$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khng / khong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kang$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$khaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kang
*** Wade–Giles: kʻang$^1$
*** Yale: kāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
*** Palladius: кан (kan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hong$^1$
*** Yale: hōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːŋ⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: không
*** Hakka Romanization System: kong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: kong$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kŏng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰouŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kung$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: kng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰŋ̍⁵³³/
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: korng$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɒŋ⁵³³/
* kung1/kng1 - vernacular (incl. surname for most people);
* korng1 - literary (incl. surname for a few people).
* Middle Chinese: khang
Rime :
| Character | 康 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦岡切 |
| Baxter | khang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɑŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤaŋ/, /*k-r̥ˤaŋ/, /*r̥ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 康 | 康 | 康 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kāng | kāng | tāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khang › | ‹ khang › | ‹ thang › |
| Old Chinese | /*[kʰ]ˁaŋ/ | /*k-r̥ˁaŋ/ | /*r̥ˁaŋ/ |
| English | empty | tranquil; at ease | name of first Shang ruler |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 康 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3981 |
| Phonetic component | 庚 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 康 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰlaːŋ/ |

### Definitions

康
* peaceful and happy; tranquil
* healthy; well; strong
* prosperous; plentiful; abundant
* broad; vast; smooth; level
* (obsolete) hollow; empty
* (obsolete) Original form of 糠 (kāng, “chaff; husk”).
* (Chinese mythology) Tai Kang (third king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)
    Synonym: 太康 (Tài Kāng)
* (Chinese mythology) Zhong Kang (fourth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)
    Synonym: 仲康 (Zhòng Kāng)
* (Chinese mythology) Shao Kang (sixth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)
    Synonym: 少康 (Shào Kāng)
* a surname
    康有為／康有为 ― Kāng Yǒuwéi ― Kang Youwei
** (historical) a surname, given to people from the Central Asian country of Kangju (康居 or 康國／康国)
* Kham (a historical region in Tibet)
* (Internet slang) Alternative form of 看 (“to look; to see”)

### Compounds

* 保康 (Bǎokāng)
* 保康縣 / 保康县
* 健康 (jiànkāng)
* 健康保險 / 健康保险 (jiànkāng bǎoxiǎn)
* 健康教育
* 健康檢查 / 健康检查
* 健康襪 / 健康袜
* 健康醋
* 健康食品 (jiànkāng shípǐn)
* 周康王
* 團康 / 团康
* 太康 (Tàikāng)
* 太康體 / 太康体
* 好康 (hǎokāng)
* 孫康映雪 / 孙康映雪
* 安康 (ānkāng)
* 安康計畫 / 安康计画
* 富強康樂 / 富强康乐
* 小康 (xiǎokāng)
* 小康社會 / 小康社会 (xiǎokāng shèhuì)
* 小康計畫 / 小康计画
* 少康 (Shào Kāng)
* 嵇康
* 川端康成
* 平康 (píngkāng)
* 平康坊
* 平康巷
* 平康里
* 平直康莊 / 平直康庄
* 康乃馨 (kāngnǎixīn)
* 康健 (kāngjiàn)
* 康克爾 / 康克尔 (Kāngkè'ěr)
* 康其 (Kāngqí)
* 康回 (Kānghuí)
* 康坪 (Kāngpíng)
* 康定 (Kāngdìng)
* 康定縣 / 康定县
* 康寧 / 康宁
* 康居 (Kāngjū)
* 康居園 / 康居园 (Kāngjūyuán)
* 康年
* 康康舞 (kāngkāngwǔ)
* 康強 / 康强
* 康復 / 康复 (kāngfù)
* 康復醫學 / 康复医学
* 康德 (Kāngdé)
* 康德主義 / 康德主义
* 康德黎
* 康有為 / 康有为
* 康梁
* 康樂 / 康乐 (kānglè)
* 康樂活動 / 康乐活动
* 康泰 (kāngtài)
* 康濟 / 康济
* 康濟錄 / 康济录
* 康熙 (Kāngxī)
* 康熙字典 (Kāngxī Zìdiǎn)
* 康爵
* 康瓠
* 康白度
* 康莊 / 康庄 (kāngzhuāng)
* 康莊大道 / 康庄大道 (kāngzhuāngdàdào)
* 康衢
* 康阜
* 康青
* 康黴素 / 康霉素
* 建康 (Jiànkāng)
* 德川家康
* 心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng)
* 成康之治
* 提康德羅加 / 提康德罗加 (Tíkāngdéluójiā)
* 政躬康泰
* 杜康 (dùkāng)
* 民康物阜
* 永康 (Yǒngkāng)
* 海康 (Hǎikāng)
* 盛康 (Shèngkāng)
* 福壽康寧 / 福寿康宁
* 西康省
* 速賜康 / 速赐康
* 酮康唑 (tóngkāngzuò)
* 靖康 (Jìngkāng)
* 靖康之難 / 靖康之难
* 靖康要錄 / 靖康要录
* 韓康賣藥 / 韩康卖药

#### See also

* 安多 (Ānduō)

#### References

* “Query for 康”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* peace

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
* Kun: やすい (yasui, 康い)
* Nanori: やす (yasu)

#### Compounds

* 健康(けんこう) (kenkō): health

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 康
* やす(し) Grade: 4
* kun'yomi
Nominalization of classical adjective 康し (yasushi), modern 康い (yasui, “calm, worry-free”).

### Proper noun

康(やすし) • (Yasushi)
* a male given name

## Korean
### Hanja

康 (eumhun 편안할 강 (pyeonanhal gang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 건강 (健康, geon'gang)
* 건강보험 (健康保險, geon'gangboheom)
* 강녕 (康寧, gangnyeong)
* 강건 (康健, ganggeon)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

康: Hán Nôm readings: khang, khăng, khương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.