# -ok
## Abenaki
### Suffix

-ok
* A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.
    agaskw (“woodchuck”) → agask(w)ok (“woodchucks”)

#### Usage notes

* Used to form the plurals of many words ending in w (which it may suppress), and of some other words (which likely ended in w at an earlier stage of the language).
* See the usage notes at -ak.

## Basque
### Suffix

-ok
* Absolutive and ergative proximal plural suffix.
** we
    Ikasleok azterketa errezak nahiago ditugu. ― We students prefer easy exams.
** you
** these
    Otsoak mendiotan zehar dabiltza. ― There are wolves wandering around these mountains.

#### Usage notes

* There are two uses for this suffix:
** Replacing the normal plural -ak when the speaker/interlocutor is part of a group.
** A clitic equivalent of hauek (“these”). However, they aren't exact synonyms, as -ok often implies a real physical proximity.
* The inflection is similar to that of -ak, but replacing -e- by -o-.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “plural hurbila (-ok)”, in Euskara Batuaren Eskuliburua [Handbook of Standard Basque], Euskaltzaindia, 2023

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ok]
* Rhymes: -ok

### Etymology 1

From -o- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (plural suffix).

#### Suffix

-ok
* (plural suffix) -s, -es
    ‎kor (“age”) + ‎-ok → ‎korok (“ages”)
    Az elektromos autók hangtalanok. ― Electric cars are quiet.

##### Usage notes

* (plural suffix) Variants:
    -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
       ‎nő (“woman”) + ‎-k → ‎nők (“women”)
       ‎fa (“tree”) + ‎-k → ‎fák (“trees”)
       ‎csésze (“cup”) + ‎-k → ‎csészék (“cups”)
    -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
       ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-ak → ‎házak (“houses”)
    -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
       ‎pad (“bench”) + ‎-ok → ‎padok (“benches”)
    -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
       ‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (“gardens”)
       ‎könyv (“book”) + ‎-ek → ‎könyvek (“books”)
    -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
       ‎kör (“circle”) + ‎-ök → ‎körök (“circles”)
* Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
* The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
* If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).

### Etymology 2

From -o- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (personal suffix).

#### Suffix

-ok
* (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎ír (“to write”) + ‎-ok → ‎írok (“I write, I am writing”)
    Levelet írok a szüleimnek. ― I'm writing a letter to my parents.

##### Usage notes

| Person | Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | Front vowel |
| Person | Person | Back vowel | unrounded | rounded |
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| én | -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | -sz | -sz |
| te | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | -esz |
| te | after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular | – | – | – |
| ő maga ön | -ik verbs | -ik | -ik | -ik |
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | -ünk |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| ti | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | -nek |
| ők maguk önök | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | -enek |
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |||||
* (personal suffix) Variants:
    -ok is added to back-vowel verbs
    -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
    -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
    -om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs
    -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs
    -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs

### See also

* Category:Hungarian verb forms
* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* -oc, -ock, -oq, -og, -uc, -uk, -uck
* -ek, -ak, -ke, -k (rare)

### Etymology

From Old English -oc, -uc, from Proto-West Germanic *-uk, from Proto-Germanic *-ukaz. More at -ock.

### Suffix

-ok
* suffix forming diminutives of nouns

#### Descendants

* English: -ock, -ick, -ik (dialectal)
* Scots: -ock, -ockie
* Yola: -ok, -uck, -ick

#### References

* “-ok, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* -uku, -oko, -oke (dialectal)

### Etymology

A contracted form of -vòke, from Old Norse vaka (“wake, vigil”) (oblique case vǫku). Doublet of vake.

### Suffix

-ok m
* Similar to English -mas.

#### Derived terms

* barsok, bardsok
* botolvsok, bolsok, botsok
* hallvardsok, hallsok
* jakobsok
* jonsok
* larsok
* monsok
* olsok, olavsok
* persok, petersok
* rugsok
* syftesok, siktesok, siksok

### References

* “-ok” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Etymology

Dialectal realization of -ak.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɔk/
* Rhymes: -ɔk
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

### Suffix

-ok m
* forms masculine nouns, sometimes with a derogatory connotation
    ‎jabłko + ‎-ok → ‎jabcok

#### Declension

Inanimate:
Animate:

#### Derived terms
### Further reading

* -ok in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Serbo-Croatian
### Suffix

-ok (Cyrillic spelling -ок)
* Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.
** dub (“to hollow”) + -ok → dubok (“deep”)

#### See also

* -ak
* -ek

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

### Suffix

-ok m
* used to form masculine nouns

#### Derived terms
## Yola
### Alternative forms

* -uck, -ick

### Etymology

From Middle English -ok, -uk, from Old English -oc, -uc (diminutive suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-uk.

### Suffix

-ok
* suffix forming diminutives of nouns
    haddokès, flaadhokes, thorelucke, lownnick.