# peri
## English
### Alternative forms

* pari (directly from Persian)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پری (peri), from Persian پری (pari).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈpɪə.ɹi/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Rhymes: (UK) -ɪəɹi

### Noun

peri (plural peris)
* (Iranian mythology) A sprite or supernatural being.
** January-June 1829, “The Adventures of Hatim-Beni-Tye”, in The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and Its Dependencies‎, volume 27, page 549:He sent a Peri to Chundum Dew with a message: "If you wish to live, release the mortal in your power: if not, every demon in your service will immediately be put to the sword."
** March 16 1916, Alfred Richard Orage, Arthur Moore, The New Age: A Weekly Review of Politics, Literature and Art, page 473:In an hour they hovered above Hampstead Heath, and the peri looked down for a lonely spot where she might alight in the sulphurous gloom of a dog-day sunset too blinding for anyone to look at […]
** 2008, A Fire in My Heart: Kurdish Tales, page 75:The Padishah's son was also there, and he realized that the peri looked very familiar.

#### Synonyms

* (sprite): fairy, pixie, sprite

#### Translations
### See also

* peri-peri

### Anagrams

* pier, prie, ripe

## Albanian
### Noun

peri
* inflection of pe:
** definite nominative singular
** indefinite dative/ablative singular

## 'Are'are
### Verb

peri
* to thieve

### References

* Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

## Basque
### Noun

peri
* dative indefinite of pe

## Finnish
### Verb

peri
* inflection of periä:
** third-person singular past indicative
** present active indicative connegative
** second-person singular present imperative
** second-person singular present active imperative connegative

### Anagrams

* repi, ripe

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pəˈri]
* Hyphenation: pê‧ri

### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “about”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pári, from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri-.
* The word sense is related to Sanskrit परिभाषा (paribhāṣā, “definition”)

#### Noun

pêri (plural peri-peri)
* about, concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect.
    Synonyms: hal, sifat, keadaan
* conduct.
    Synonym: laku
* event.
    Synonyms: kejadian, peristiwa

##### Derived terms

* peri kehidupan
* peri kemanusiaan
* peri kesopanan

##### Related terms

* peri-
* perilaku
* pribumi

#### Noun

pêri (plural peri-peri)
* (archaic) word.
    Synonym: kata

##### Derived terms

* berperi
* memerikan
* pemerian
* perian
* terperikan

##### Related terms

* peribahasa

### Etymology 2

From Persian پری (pari, “fairy”), from Middle Persian plyk' (parīg, “witch”).

#### Noun

pêri (plural peri-peri)
* fairy.

### Etymology 3

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “abundantly, fully”).

#### Noun

pêri (plural peri-peri)
* heavy rain.

### Further reading

* “peri” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Noun

peri
* plural of pero

### Anagrams

* iper-, ripe

## Latin
### Verb

perī
* second-person singular active imperative of pereō

## Latvian
### Etymology

Singular form pers, cognate with Lithuanian pẽras (“larva”), derived from perēt (“to nest, hatch”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pæɾi]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

peri m (1st declension)
* (chiefly in the plural) bee larvae
    peru puve ― larvae rot (bee larvae disease)
    peru pieniņš ― larvae milk (a secretion of working bees used to feed the larvae)

#### Usage notes

There is a singular form pers, only sporadically attested.

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “peri”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pə.ri]
* Rhymes: -ri, -i
* Hyphenation: pe‧ri

### Etymology 1

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “about”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pári, from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri-.
* The word sense is related to Sanskrit परिभाषा (paribhāṣā, “definition”)

#### Noun

peri (Jawi spelling ڤري, plural peri-peri, informal 1st possessive periku, 2nd possessive perimu, 3rd possessive perinya)
* About, concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect.
    Synonyms: hal, sifat, keadaan
* A conduct.
    Synonym: laku
* An event.
    Synonyms: kejadian, peristiwa, insiden

##### Derived terms

* peri kehidupan
* peri kemanusiaan
* peri kesopanan

##### Related terms

* peri-
* peribumi
* perilaku

#### Noun

peri (Jawi spelling ڤري, plural peri-peri, informal 1st possessive periku, 2nd possessive perimu, 3rd possessive perinya)
* (archaic) A word.
    Synonym: kata

##### Derived terms

* berperi
* berperi-peri
* perikan
* terperi, terperikan

##### Related terms

* peribahasa

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: peri

### Etymology 2

From Persian پری (pari, “fairy”), from Middle Persian plyk' (parīg, “witch”).

#### Noun

peri (Jawi spelling ڤري, plural peri-peri, informal 1st possessive periku, 2nd possessive perimu, 3rd possessive perinya)
* A fairy.

##### Descendants

* Indonesian: peri

### Etymology 3

From English free.

#### Adjective

peri (Jawi spelling ڤري)
* (informal) Not having a price; free.

### Further reading

* “peri” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Portuguese
### Noun

peri m (plural peris)
* peri

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

peri m pl
* plural of păr

## Serbo-Croatian
### Verb

peri (Cyrillic spelling пери)
* second-person singular imperative of prati

## Sranan Tongo
### Noun

peri
* pearl

## Tocharian B
### Noun

peri m sg
* debt

## Turkish
### Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پری (peri), from Persian پری (pari).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /peˈɾi/
* Hyphenation: pe‧ri
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

peri (definite accusative periyi, plural periler)
* fairy, pixie

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
peri
periler
definite accusative
periyi
perileri
dative
periye
perilere
locative
peride
perilerde
ablative
periden
perilerden
genitive
perinin
perilerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
perim
perilerim
2nd singular
perin
perilerin
3rd singular
perisi
perileri
1st plural
perimiz
perilerimiz
2nd plural
periniz
perileriniz
3rd plural
perileri
perileri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
perimi
perilerimi
2nd singular
perini
perilerini
3rd singular
perisini
perilerini
1st plural
perimizi
perilerimizi
2nd plural
perinizi
perilerinizi
3rd plural
perilerini
perilerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
perime
perilerime
2nd singular
perine
perilerine
3rd singular
perisine
perilerine
1st plural
perimize
perilerimize
2nd plural
perinize
perilerinize
3rd plural
perilerine
perilerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
perimde
perilerimde
2nd singular
perinde
perilerinde
3rd singular
perisinde
perilerinde
1st plural
perimizde
perilerimizde
2nd plural
perinizde
perilerinizde
3rd plural
perilerinde
perilerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
perimden
perilerimden
2nd singular
perinden
perilerinden
3rd singular
perisinden
perilerinden
1st plural
perimizden
perilerimizden
2nd plural
perinizden
perilerinizden
3rd plural
perilerinden
perilerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
perimin
perilerimin
2nd singular
perinin
perilerinin
3rd singular
perisinin
perilerinin
1st plural
perimizin
perilerimizin
2nd plural
perinizin
perilerinizin
3rd plural
perilerinin
perilerinin
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
periyim
perilerim
2nd singular
perisin
perilersin
3rd singular
peri peridir
periler perilerdir
1st plural
periyiz
perileriz
2nd plural
perisiniz
perilersiniz
3rd plural
periler
perilerdir :

#### Derived terms

* ilham perisi
* iyilik perisi
* peri gibi
* peri hastalığı
* peri masalı
* peri masası
* peri oyunu
* peri piramidi
* peribacası
* pericik
* perileri bağdaşmak
* perisi hoşlanmamak
* superisi

### Further reading

* “peri”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “peri”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “peri”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı

## Turkmen
### Etymology

Borrowed from Persian پری (pari).

### Noun

peri
* fairy

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷareti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-.

### Verb

peri (first-person singular present paraf)
* (transitive) to cause, to induce
    Synonyms: achosi, achlysuro, anwytho

#### Conjugation

| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | impersonal | impersonal |
| | first | second | third | first | second | third | impersonal | impersonal |
| present indicative/future | paraf | peri | pair, pâr | parwn | perwch, parwch | parant | perir |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | parwn | parit | parai | parem | parech | parent | perid |
| preterite | perais | peraist | parodd | parasom | parasoch | parasant | parwyd |
| pluperfect | paraswn | parasit | parasai | parasem | parasech | parasent | parasid, paresid |
| present subjunctive | parwyf | perych | paro | parom | paroch | paront | parer |
| imperative | — | pâr | pared | parwn | perwch, parwch | parent | parer |
| verbal noun | peri | peri | peri | peri | peri | peri | peri |
| verbal adjectives | paredig paradwy | paredig paradwy | paredig paradwy | paredig paradwy | paredig paradwy | paredig paradwy | paredig paradwy |
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| Inflected colloquial forms | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| future | para i, paraf i | pari di | parith o/e/hi, pariff e/hi | parwn ni | parwch chi | paran nhw |
| conditional | parwn i, parswn i | paret ti, parset ti | parai fo/fe/hi, parsai fo/fe/hi | paren ni, parsen ni | parech chi, parsech chi | paren nhw, parsen nhw |
| preterite | parais i, pares i | paraist ti, parest ti | parodd o/e/hi | paron ni | paroch chi | paron nhw |
| imperative | — | para | — | — | parwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |||||||

#### Derived terms

* peiriant (“machine, engine”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “peri”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies