# bo
## Translingual
### Symbol

bo
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Tibetan.

## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /bəʊ/
* (General American) IPA: /boʊ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊ
* Homophones: beau, Bo, bow

### Etymology 1

Imitative.

#### Alternative forms

* boh, boo

#### Interjection

bo
* An exclamation used to startle or frighten.
** 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 37, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:We may fairely cry bo-bo-boe; it may well make us hoarse, but it will nothing advaunce it.

##### Derived terms

* bo-peep
* peep bo
* say bo to a goose

### Etymology 2

Probably a shortening of boy.

#### Noun

bo (plural bos)
* (US, slang) Fellow, chap, boy.
** 1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin, published 2010, page 255:‘Never heard of him,’ he smiled. ‘On your way, bo.’

### Etymology 3

From Japanese 棒 (bō), from Middle Chinese 棒 (bˠʌŋ$^X$, “staff, club”) (compare modern Chinese 棒 (bàng)).

#### Noun

bo (plural bos)
* (martial arts) A quarterstaff, especially in an oriental context.

### See also

* bo bian
* bo chup
* bo jio
* bo lei
* bo liao
* bo tree
* sic bo
* tio bo
* zha bo

### Anagrams

* OB, Ob, Ob., ob, ob-, ob.

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Dutch boven.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʊə/
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

bo
* above

### Preposition

bo
* above

## Binongan Itneg
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: bo

### Particle

bó
* yes

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin bonus, from Old Latin duenos, later duonus, from Proto-Italic *dwenos. Numerous cognates include French bon and Portuguese bom.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈbɔ]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔ

### Adjective

bo (feminine bona, masculine plural bons, feminine plural bones)
* good

#### Usage notes

* The form bon is used as the masculine singular form when the adjective precedes the noun, and bo is used in all other cases.

#### Derived terms

* bon dia
* bon Nadal
* bon profit
* bon vent i barca nova
* bon vespre
* bon viatge
* bona nit
* Bona Pasqua
* bona sort
* bona tarda
* bones tardes
* bonesa
* boníssim
* tan bon punt
* tant de bo
* tenir la bona

#### Related terms

* bondat

#### See also

* bé, ben

### Further reading

* “bo” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “bo” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Cebuano
### Noun

bo
* arm wrestling

### Verb

bo
* to arm-wrestle

## Cimbrian
### Etymology 1

From Middle High German wā, from Old High German wār, hwār, from Proto-West Germanic *hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”). Cognate with German wo, English where.

#### Adverb

bo
* (Luserna, interrogative) where
    Bo lebetar? ― Where do you live?

##### Alternative forms

* ba (Sette Comuni)

#### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Conjunction

bo
* (Sette Comuni) the ... the
    Bo mèront hatzich, bo mèeront bilzich.The more we have, the more we want.

#### References

* “bo” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

## Cornish
### Pronunciation

(Revived Late Cornish) IPA: /ˈboː/

### Verb

bo
* third-person singular present subjunctive of bos

### Mutation
## Cuiba
### Noun

bo
* home, house

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech bo, from Proto-Slavic *bo. Compare Polish bo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbo]

### Conjunction

bo
* (dialectal) as, since, because
    Synonym: neboť

### Further reading

* “bo”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
* “bo”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /boː/, [b̥oːˀ]

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse bú, from Old Norse búa (“to reside”).

#### Noun

bo n (singular definite boet, plural indefinite boer)
* estate (the property of a deceased person)
* den, nest
* abode, home

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

From Old Norse búa (“to reside”), from Proto-Germanic *būaną, cognate with Norwegian bo, bu, Swedish bo, German bauen, Dutch bouwen, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (bauan).

#### Verb

bo (present tense bor, past tense boede, past participle boet)
* to live, reside, dwell
    Hun bor i London.She lives in London.

##### Conjugation

activepassive
present
bor
past
boede
infinitive
bo
imperative
bo
participle
present
boende
past
boet (auxiliary verb have)
gerund
boen :

## Dutch
### Etymology

Clipping of boterham.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /boː/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -oː

### Noun

bo m (plural bo's, diminutive boke n)
* (Belgium) sandwich

## Duvle
### Noun

bo
* fire

### Further reading

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bo]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bo
* Homophone: bo-

### Noun

bo (accusative singular bo-on, plural bo-oj, accusative plural bo-ojn)
* The name of the Latin-script letter B/b.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

## Fala
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese bõo, from Latin bonus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbo/
* Rhymes: -o
* Syllabification: bo

### Adjective

bo (feminine boa, masculine plural bos, feminine plural boas)
* good

#### Usage notes

* In Lagarteiru, when preceding a feminine noun as part of a noun phrase, the masculine forms are used.

#### Derived terms

* Noitiboa (“Christmas Eve”)

#### Related terms

* bondai (“goodness”)

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## Fijian
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *baʀoq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəq.

### Noun

bo
* (medicine) boil

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin bōs, bōvem, probably through Vulgar Latin *boem.

### Noun

bo m (plural bûs)
* ox
    Synonym: nemâl

#### See also

* taur
* vacje

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* bon
* bó
* boo (dated)

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese bõo, from Latin bonus. Cognate with Portuguese bom and Spanish bueno.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbo/ [ˈbo]
* Rhymes: -o
* Hyphenation: bo

### Adjective

bo (feminine boa, masculine plural bos, feminine plural boas)
* good
    Antonyms: malo, mao

#### Derived terms

* aboar
* boanza
* Bonome
* Boo

#### Related terms

* ben

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “bo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “bo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “bo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “bo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology 1

From Portuguese vós. Cognate with Kabuverdianu bo.

#### Pronoun

bo
* you (second person singular).
* you (second person plural)

### Etymology 2

From Portuguese bom. Cognate with Kabuverdianu bon.

#### Adjective

bo
* good

## Gunwinggu
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpo/

### Noun

bo
* water
* liquid

#### Derived terms

* bonguneng

### References

* Lynette Frances Oates, A Tentative Description of the Gunwinggu Language (1964)
* Steven and Narelle Etherington, Kunwinjku Kunwok: A Short Introduction to Kunwinjku Language and Society (third edition, 1998)

## Italian
### Interjection

bo
* Alternative spelling of boh

### Anagrams

* Ob.

## Japanese
### Romanization

bo
* The hiragana syllable ぼ (bo) or the katakana syllable ボ (bo) in Hepburn romanization.

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese vós.

### Pronoun

bo
* you (second person singular).

## Kalasha
### Etymology

From Sanskrit बहु (bahu), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰn̥ǵʰús. Cognate with Khowar بو (bo), Hindi बहुत (bahut).

### Adverb

bo
* very

### Adjective

bo
* many, a lot

## Louisiana Creole
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bo/
* Rhymes: -o

### Etymology 1

Inherited from French beau (“handsome, fine, attractive; boyfriend”).

#### Adjective

bo m (feminine bèl)
* handsome, beautiful, pretty
    Synonyms: joli, vayan
    Antonyms: lèd, vilin

#### Noun

bo
* (a) boyfriend
    Synonyms: boyfrìnn, lamour
    Coordinate terms: amoureu, amoureuz, bèl, blond, fyanse, gèlfrènn, kalènn, malin, négrès

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Saint Dominican Creole French bobo, Haitian Creole bo.

#### Verb

bo
* (transitive or intransitive) to kiss
    Synonyms: béké, embrasé

#### Noun

bo
* (a) kiss
    Synonyms: bèk, nembrasad

### References

* Alcée Fortier, Louisiana Folktales

## Mandarin
### Romanization

bo (bo$^5$ / bo$^0$, Zhuyin ˙ㄅㄛ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 卜
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 啵
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 噃
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蔔 / 卜
bo
* Nonstandard spelling of bō.
* Nonstandard spelling of bó.
* Nonstandard spelling of bǒ.
* Nonstandard spelling of bò.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Mawes
### Noun

bo
* water

### Further reading

* Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics)
* Mawes Swadesh List

## Nabak
### Noun

bo
* pig

### References

* Corinna Handschuh, A typology of marked-S languages

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology

Uncertain, akin to Central Kurdish بۆ (bo), Talysh bo (“for”). The form ji bona is ji boneya (lit. "from the cause of, because"), compare Central Kurdish لە بۆنە (le bone, “because”), Southern Kurdish وە بوونەی (we bûney, “for”). One theory is relation with the Middle Iranic preposition *û (Related to Parthian [Term?] (/⁠ō⁠/, “to; for”), Middle Persian [Term?] (/⁠ō⁠/, “to; for”)) with bi (“with”) in front of it; compare also dialectal Central Kurdish لۆ (lo, “for”), synonymous with بۆ (bo) (with li (“on; in”) instead). Alternatively, an abbreviation of ji boneya and similar forms, the likes of which exists in Kurdish languages (compare seba from sebeb, semeda from sedem, بە هۆی (be hoy, “with the reason of”) etc.). This would mean that it has largely replaced jê ra and ئەڕا (erra). The main noun bone (“cause; pretext”) maybe related to bihane (“excuse”), Central Kurdish بیانوو (byanû), Persian بهانه. A derivation from بەرەو (berew)/berev ("towards") has been proposed by some, but that comes with phonetic problems.
Consider also Persian با, which explains the Talysh word (-a- sounds become -o- in Talysh). Therefore, the Talysh word may not be a cognate at all.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -oː

### Preposition

| Central Kurdish | بۆ (bo) |
| Southern Kurdish | ئەڕا (erra) |
| Zazaki | seba |
bo
* for

#### Usage notes

Colloquially often used along with ji and an izafe marker (î or ê with bo, a with bone). Not used with anything alonside it (like ji or ezafe) only in Southernmost dialects.

#### Derived terms

* ji bo
* bo çi

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German behof (compare with behov).

#### Noun

bo (indeclinable) (idiomatic use only)
* (uncountable, usually with ha) a need
    Jeg har bo for en hammer.I could use a hammer.

##### Usage notes

A noun not commonly used.

##### Synonyms

* behøve
* trenge
* ha bruk for

##### Related terms

* behov

### Etymology 2

From Danish bo, from Old Norse bú (“settled area, town”) (compare alternative form bu). Akin to bod (“store room, booth”) and the verb bo (“to live”).

#### Alternative forms

* bu (Nynorsk also)

#### Noun

bo n (definite singular boet, indefinite plural bo, definite plural boa or boene)
* one's home (mainly idiomatic)
    De giftet seg og satte bo.They married and settled down/built their home.
* estate
    Å skifte et bo.To divide an estate.

##### Synonyms

* (one's home): bolig, hjem/heim
* (estate): eiendom, gods

##### Derived terms

    See combined section below.

### Etymology 3

From Danish bo, from Old Norse búa (“to prepare, finish, make preparations, equip”), cognate with Old English būan, Old Frisian buwa, Old Saxon būan and Old High German būan (whence German bauen).

#### Alternative forms

* bu (Nynorsk also)

#### Verb

bo (imperative bo, present tense bor, simple past bodde, past participle bodd, present participle boende)
* to live (have permanent residence), stay
    Hvor bor du (hen)?Where do you live?
    Jeg vet hvor du bor.I know where you live.
    Hvor lenge blir du boende.How long will you be staying?
* to be, to dwell, to be in
    Husk at all skjønnhet på jord bor i de evige ord: Jeg elsker deg.Remember that all beauty on Earth dwells in those eternal words: I love you. (Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson)
    Du aner ikke hva som virkelig bor i henne.You have no idea what she's really like. (literally: "you have no idea what really dwells in her")

##### Synonyms

* (to live, have residence): holde hus (holde til huse), holde til husere, kampere, leve, losjere, oppholde seg, residere, tilbringe
* (to dwell in, be in): finnes, rommes, skjule seg, være, være til stede

##### Derived terms

    (Noun and verb)
* bebo
* bo sammen
* bo seg i hjel
* bobil
* boende
* bosette
* bosted
* bygge og bo
* dødsbo
* fastboende
* hva som bor i
* konkursbo
* landsbyboer
* sette bo
* sitte i ukskiftet bo
* skifte et bo
* ta et bo under behandling
* uskiftet bo

### References

* “bo” in The Ordnett Dictionary
* “bo” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* search on "bo" on Ordtak.no - web site containing quotes and citations

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Middle Low German behof (compare behov).

### Noun

bo (indeclinable) (idiomatic use only)
* (uncountable, usually with ha, uncommon) a need
    Eg har bo for ein hammar.I could use a hammer.

#### Synonyms

* behøve
* trenge
* turve
* ha bruk for

#### Related terms

* behov

### References

* “bo” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈbo/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈbo/

### Conjunction

bo
* because

#### Descendants

* Czech: bo

### References

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “bo”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old Norse
### Alternative forms

* bú (“Old West Norse”)

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *būą.

### Noun

bo n
* (Old East Norse) dwelling
** Late 10th century, Karlevi Runestone

## Old Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bo. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (10th–15th CE) /bɔ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /bɔ/

### Conjunction

bo
* (attested in Greater Poland) because
** 1887, 1889 [1388], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume I, number 461, Poznań:Czso posual Jacub medzi mnø a medzi Bodzechnø, tho posual po prawe, bosmi tho sandzili[Czso pozwał Jakub miedzy mną a miedzy Bodzechną, to pozwał po prawie, bosmy to sądzili]
** c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie‎, Miechów, page br 10:Moui... pocazuiø, iz sø gresnicy ctuoracy; bo moui to slouo albo sedøcim, albo spøcim, albo lezøcim, albo uma[rłym][Mowi... pokazuję, iż są grzesznicy cztwioracy; bo mowi to słowo albo siedzącym, albo śpiącym, albo leżącym, albo uma[rłym]]
** 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 71:Panye woyczye, yusz bo czyą [y] pytham na prawye... yesthly to szlubyenye moczno[Panie wojcie, już bo cię [i] pytam na prawie... jestli to ślubienie mocno]

#### Descendants

* Polish: bo
* Silesian: bo

### References

* Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “bo”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
* Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “bo”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
* Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “bo”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bo”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Papiamentu
### Alternative forms

* abo (synonym)

### Etymology

From Portuguese vós and Spanish vos and Kabuverdianu bo.

### Pronoun

bo
* you (second person singular)

### Determiner

bo
* your

## Peranakan Indonesian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hokkien 無／无 (bô, “not”).

### Adverb

bo
* not: negation particle

#### Derived terms

* bobice'
* boheloh
* bolamsam
* bolangtjai
* boliamsim
* boloatjee
* boloei
* bopoensoe
* boseedji
* bosiangkan
* bosiauw
* bosihpoen
* bosioeki
* bosoe
* botattji
* botauwlouw
* botjay
* botjhikhi
* botjing
* botjingli
* botjwah
* boyauwkin
* boyoh
* bo gawe koen
* bodji-bobak
* bohe boloh

## Polish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish bo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɔ/
* (Middle Polish) IPA: /ˈbɔ/
* Audio 1:(file)
* Audio 2:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Syllabification: bo

### Conjunction

bo
* because, for (by or for the cause that)
    Synonyms: albowiem, boć, bowiem, dlatego że, gdyż, jako że, ponieważ
    Nie zadzwoniłem, bo spałem. ― I didn't call because I was sleeping.
    Bo nie. ― Because I said no.
    Bo tak. ― Because reasons.
* or, or else, otherwise
    Synonyms: bo inaczej, inaczej, w przeciwnym razie, w przeciwnym wypadku
    Bo co? ― Or else what?
    Wstawaj już, bo spóźnisz się do szkoły! ― Get up now or you'll be late for school!
* because (as is known, inferred, or determined from the fact that)
    On nie jest miły, bo nie chciał dać mi swoich ciasteczek. ― He isn't nice because he didn't want to give me his cookies.
* (Kuyavia) or, either
    Synonym: albo
* (Middle Polish) namely
    Synonym: mianowicie
* (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
** also; even
*** 1539, W. Wróbel, Żołtarz Dawidów‎, page 82/9:Moab y Agarenowie Gebalitowie j Amon y Amalech/ y cżudzoziemci z mieſzkaiącimi w Tirze. [...] Boy Aſſur prziſzedł ſnimi j ſtał ſie na pomoc ſinom Lotowym. [Etenim Assur venit cum illis: facti sunt in adiutorium filiis Loth]
*** 1539, W. Wróbel, Żołtarz Dawidów‎, page 88/6:[Confitebuntur coeli mirabilia tua domine: etenim veritatem tuam in ecclesia santorum] Będą wyznawać niebioſa czuda twoie miły panie bo y prawdę twoię będę wyſlawiać w zebraniu ſwiętych.
* (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

### Particle

bo
* emphasizes the statement, usually in phrases of opposite meanings, or introduces a rhetorical question, denying its literal meaning
    Synonyms: bo i, bo niby
    Ładna, bo ładna, ale głupia. ― Well, she might be pretty, but she is also stupid.
    Bo to prawda? ― Is this really true?
    Bo ja wiem? ― How am I supposed to know that?
    Nigdy o tym nie mówiłem, bo i po co? ― I never talked about it because why would I?
* (with ale) may very well, but, even though, despite
    Stary, bo stary, ale mocny. ― He very well may be old, but he's still strong.
    Trudno bo trudno, ale robi się łatwiej. ― It may very well be hard, but it's getting easier.

#### Usage notes

Combined forms for this word are uncommon and often formed for stylization.

#### Derived terms

* bo ja wiem

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), bo is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 35 times in scientific texts, 5 times in news, 87 times in essays, 231 times in fiction, and 378 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 736 times, making it the 62nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “bo”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 29

### Further reading

* bo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* bo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bo”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
* “BO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2016 September 21
* “BO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2008 January 14
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bo”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bo”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bo”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 178
* bo in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
* Józef Bliziński (1860) “bo”, in Abecadłowy spis wyrazów języka ludowego w Kujawach i Galicyi Zachodniej (in Polish), Warszawa, page 620
* Oskar Kolberg (1867) “bo”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 268

## Romagnol
### Etymology

From Latin bōs (“cow, bull”).

### Pronunciation

   * (Central Romagnol): IPA: [ˈbɔ]
      * (Ville Unite):

### Noun

bo m (plural bu) (Ville Unite)
* ox

### References

* Ercolani, Libero (1971) Vocabolario Romagnolo-Italiano, Monte di Ravenna, page 51

## Silesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish bo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɔ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔ
* Syllabification: bo

### Conjunction

bo
* because

### Particle

bo
* emphasizes the statement, usually in phrases of opposite meanings, or introduces a rhetorical question, denying its literal meaning

### Further reading

* bo in dykcjonorz.eu
* bo in silling.org

## Slovene
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bóː/

### Verb

bọ̑
* third-person singular future of bíti

## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* vo

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbo/ [ˈbo]
* Rhymes: -o
* Syllabification: bo

### Interjection

bo
* (Uruguay, colloquial) hey, mate, dude
    Synonym: che

## Sranan Tongo
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bo/

### Etymology 1

Contraction of ben and o.

#### Particle

bo
* Marker for the irrealis mood.

### Etymology 2

From English bow.

#### Noun

bo
* bow, arch

##### Related terms

* alenbo (“rainbow”)

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [buː]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

From Old Norse búa, from Proto-Germanic *būaną.

#### Verb

bo (present bor, preterite bodde, supine bott, imperative bo)
* (intransitive) live; dwell; reside; to have permanent residence
    Jag vill bo i en stor stad.I want to live in a big city.
** 1984, “Zwampen [Svampen] [The mushroom]”, in Lasse Åberg (lyrics), Janne Schaffer (music), Livet i regnskogarna [Life in the rainforests]‎, performed by Electric Banana Band:Jag gillar inte höghus, sten och lättbetong. Jag trivs inte i stan, för den är grå och trång. Jag vill bo i en svamp, annars får jag kramp (svamp). Det finns hopp för min kropp i en mullig sopp (svamp). Kom ikväll, och var snäll, till min kantarell (svamp). Titta in, och ta ton, i min champinjon (svamp). Jag vill ut i skogen, i luft och rymd och ljus, och sitta framför svampen, och höra tallens sus. Jag vill bo ... [as before]. Tiderna är hårda, livet är en kamp. Det känns mycket bättre, om jag har min svamp. Jag vill bo ... [as before].I don't like high-rise, stone and lightweight concrete. I don't like it in the city, because it [the city] is gray and crowded [tight, cramped]. I want to live in a mushroom, otherwise I get cramps (mushroom). There is hope for my body in a chubby bolete (mushroom). Come tonight, and be nice [kind], to my chanterelle (mushroom). Stop by, and sing ["take tone" – start singing or speaking], in my champignon [common mushroom, like a button mushroom] (mushroom). I want to get out in the forest [want out in the forest], in air and space and light, and sit in front of the mushroom, and hear the sighing of the pine. I want to live ... [as before]. [The] times are hard, [the] life is a struggle. It feels much better, if I have my mushroom. I want to live ... [as before].
** 1989, Eva Dahlgren (lyrics and music), “Ängeln i rummet [The angel in the room]”‎:Det bor en ängel i mitt rum. Hon har sitt bo ovanför mitt huvud. Hon gör mej lugn. Och hon viskar till mej allt det jag säger dej.There is an angel living in my room [it lives an angel in my room]. She has her dwelling [usually of animals, especially nests] above my head. She puts me at ease [makes me calm]. And she whispers to me all the things that [all that (which)] I say to you.

##### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

##### Related terms

* bebo
* -bo
* boende
* bofast
* bonde
* boning
* bostad
* trångbodd

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

bo n
* a dwelling (of an animal), especially a bird's nest
    fågelbobird’s nest
    att bygga boto build a nest / to nest ("build nest" – idiomatic phrasing)
* (poetic, extended from sense 1) a home
    sätta bosettle down
** 1893, Elias Sehlstedt, Visa‎:Litet bo jag sätta vill / Gård med trädgårdstäppa till, […][a] little home I want to set out / [a] farm with [a] garden plot to it […]

##### Usage notes

* The use of "bo" as a shorthand for "bostad" and "boende" (housing) goes back at least to the 1920s, for example in the name of trade expos like "Bygge och Bo" (1925).

##### Declension

Alternative form for the definite singular: bot/bots.

##### Related terms

* bodelning
* bokris
* bolag
* bomärke
* bomässa
* boskap
* bosätta
* dödsbo
* fågelbo
* råttbo
* sambo
* svalbo
* särbo

##### See also

* gryt
* kula
* näste
* råtthål

### References

* bo in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* bo in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* bo in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Tày
### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [ɓɔ˧˧]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [ɓɔ˦˥]

### Noun

bo
* spathe
    bo mảy ― spathe of bamboo shoots
    bo làng ― spathe of areca palms

### References

* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên

## Venetan
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *boem, from Latin bos, bovem.

### Noun

bo m (invariable)
* ox

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɓɔ˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɓɔ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɓɔ˧˧]

### Etymology 1

From French bore.

#### Noun

bo
* boron

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

bo
* Alternative form of boa (“to leave a tip”)

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* byddo

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -oː

### Verb

bo
* (literary) third-person singular present subjunctive of bod

#### Derived terms

* cyn bo hir

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## West Makian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bo/

### Noun

bo
* penis

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

## Xhosa
### Pronoun

-bo
* Combining stem of bona.

## Yale
### Pronoun

bo
* I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

## Zaghawa
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bo/

### Noun

bo
* bull
* shepherd's crook
* handle (of a tool, etc. - a stick to hold something with)

### References

* Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

## Zhuang
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 坡 (pʰuɑ).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /po˨˦/
* Tone numbers: bo$^1$
* Hyphenation: bo

### Noun

bo (Sawndip forms 𡏋 or 圤 or 坡 or 𫭝, 1957–1982 spelling bo)
* mountain slope; hillside; mountainside

## Zulu
### Pronoun

-bo
* Combining stem of bona.