# barn
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: bärn
** (General American, Ireland) IPA: [bɑɹn], [bɑɻn]
** (Scotland) IPA: [baɾn]
** (New York City) IPA: [bɒən]
** (Received Pronunciation, General South African) IPA: [bɑːn]
*** Audio (Southern England):(file)
** (New Zealand, parts of England) IPA: [bɐːn]
** (General Australian, Wales, Boston) IPA: [baːn]
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)n

### Etymology 1

From Middle English barn, bern, bærn, from Old English bearn, bern, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-West Germanic *raʀn, from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”).
More at rest and barley.
For the use as a unit of surface area, see w:Barn (unit) § Etymology.

#### Noun

barn (plural barns)
* (agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.
** 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter XI, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:One day I was out in the barn and he drifted in. I was currying the horse and he set down on the wheelbarrow and begun to ask questions.
* (nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10$^{−28}$ square metres.
* (informal, basketball, ice hockey) An arena.
    Maple Leaf Gardens was a grand old barn.
* (slang) A warm and cozy place, especially a bedroom; a roost.

##### Derived terms

* around Robin Hood's barn
* attobarn
* barnboard
* barnburner, barn burner, Barnburner
* barnburning
* barn cat
* barn coat
* barn dance, barn dancing
* barndominium
* barndoor, barn door, barn doors
* barn egg
* barn find
* barnfloor
* barnful
* barnless
* barnlike
* barnmate
* barn owl
* barn raising
* barnraising
* barn red
* barnstar, barn-star, barn star
* barnstorm, barnstormer, barnstorming
* barn swallow
* barnwood
* barnyard
* Besses o' th' Barn
* big as a barn
* bit by a barn mouse
* born in a barn
* bus barn
* carbarn, car barn
* close the barn door after the horse has bolted
* cowbarn
* Dutch barn
* embarn
* femtobarn
* fire barn
* haybarn
* horsebarn
* housebarn, house-barn, house barn
* imbarn
* kilobarn
* Long Barn
* megabarn
* microbarn
* milking barn
* millibarn
* nanobarn
* New Barn
* not be able to hit the broad side of a barn
* Pennsylvania barn
* picobarn
* playbarn
* pole barn
* pony in the barn
* raised in a barn
* show barn
* smell the barn
* the long way around the barn
* tithebarn, tithe barn
* zeptobarn

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Verb

barn (third-person singular simple present barns, present participle barning, simple past and past participle barned)
* (transitive) To lay up in a barn.
    Synonym: (obsolete) imbarn
** 1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC, line 859:But like still-pining Tantalus he sits / And useless barns the harvest of his wits
** 1645, Thomas Fuller, Good Thoughts in Bad Times; Good Thoughts in Worse Times; Mixt Contemplations in Better Times, published 1863, page 165:Hypocrites, in like manner, so act holiness that they pass for saints before men, whose censures often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English barn, bern, from Old English bearn (“child, son, offspring, progeny”) and Old Norse barn (“child”). Doublet of bairn. Cognate to Frisian bern ("child/children"), Middle Dutch baren (“child”).

#### Noun

barn (plural barns)
* (dialect, parts of Northern England) A child.

##### Synonyms

* (child): bairn

##### Translations
### References

* “barn”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “barn”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* NRAB, bran, N-bar, Bran

## Breton
### Etymology

From Middle Breton barn, from Proto-Brythonic *barnad, from Proto-Celtic *barnati (“proclaim”). Cognate with Cornish barna.

### Verb

barn
* (transitive) To judge.

#### Derived terms

* barnadenn
* barnadur
* barnedigezh
* barner
* barner a beoc'h
* dezvarn
* skiant-varn

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Danish barn, from Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. Compare English bairn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /barn/, /b̥ɑːˀn/, [pɑ̈ˀn]

### Noun

barn n (singular definite barnet, plural indefinite børn)
* child (immature human)
    Dette er ikke et passende sted for børn.
       This is not a fitting place for children.
* child (human offspring)
    Mine børn er alle flyttet hjemmefra.
       My children have all moved out.

#### Usage notes

In compounds: barn-, barne-, barns- or børne-.

#### Derived terms

* adoptivbarn
* barnagtig
* barnagtighed
* barndom
* barnealder
* barneansigt
* barnebarn
* barnebillet
* barnecykel
* barnedåb
* barnefader
* barnefar
* barnefødsel
* barnefødt
* barnehoved
* barnekammer
* barnemad
* barnemoder
* barnemor
* barnemord
* barnepige
* barnepleje
* barnerov
* barnerumpe
* barneseng
* barneske
* barneskefuld
* barnesko
* barneskole
* barnesprog
* barnestjerne
* barnestol
* barnesæde
* barnetro
* barnevogn
* barneår
* barnlig
* barnlille
* barnløs
* barnsben
* brystbarn
* bysbarn
* børn og unge-udvalg
* børnearbejde
* børnebegrænsning
* børnebibliotek
* børnebidrag
* børnebillet
* børnebog
* børnebogsforfatter
* børnebogsforfatterinde
* børnecheck
* børnecykel
* børnedødelighed
* børneernæring
* børnefamilie
* børnefjendsk
* børnefjendtlig
* børneflok
* børneforsorg
* børneforsorgspædagog
* børnefødselsdag
* børneglad
* børnehave
* børnehaveklasse
* børnehavepædagog
* børnehjem
* børnehjælpsdag
* børnehospital
* børnehøjde
* børneinstitution
* børnekultur
* børnelammelse
* børnelokker
* børnelæge
* børnelærdom
* børnemad
* børnemisbrug
* børnemisbruger
* børnemishandling
* børneopdragelse
* børneopsparing
* børneorm
* børneparkering
* børnepasning
* børnepasser
* børnepenge
* børneporno
* børnepsykiater
* børnepsykiatri
* børnepsykiatrisk
* børnepsykolog
* børnepsykologi
* børnepsykologisk
* børnerig
* børnerigtig
* børnesang
* børnesikker
* børnesikre
* børnesikring
* børneskole
* børnesprog
* børnesygdom
* børnesæde
* børnesår
* børneteater
* børnetegning
* børnetilskud
* børnetække
* børnetøj
* børneven
* børnevenlig
* børneværelse
* børneværn
* børneægteskab
* børneår
* DAMP-barn
* delebarn
* diebarn
* elleveårsbarn
* elveårsbarn
* enebarn
* feriebarn
* flaskebarn
* fællesbarn
* fødselsdagsbarn
* førskolebarn
* gadebarn
* gammelmandsbarn
* gudbarn
* gudebarn
* hittebarn
* hjertebarn
* kælebarn
* legebarn
* mongolbarn
* niårsbarn
* næstsøskendebarn
* nøglebarn
* oldebarn
* pattebarn
* pigebarn
* plejebarn
* problembarn
* reagensglasbarn
* rhesusbarn
* skilsmissebarn
* skolebarn
* skødebarn
* smertensbarn
* småbarn
* spædbarn
* stedbarn
* svagbørn
* svagbørnskoloni
* svigerbørn
* svøbelsebarn
* svøbelsesbarn
* særbarn
* søndagsbarn
* søskendebarn
* tipoldebarn
* toårsbarn
* troldebarn
* vidunderbarn
* ægtebarn
* ønskebarn

### References

* “barn” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpatn]
* Rhymes: -atn

### Noun

barn n (genitive singular barns, plural børn)
* child

#### Declension
## French
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

barn m (plural barns)
* (physics) barn (unit)

## Gothic
### Romanization

barn
* Romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpartn̥], (colloquial) [ˈpatn̥], (southeastern) [ˈparn]
* Rhymes: -artn, -atn

### Noun

barn n (genitive singular barns, nominative plural börn)
* child

#### Derived terms

* barnalegur
* barnalæknir
* barnshafandi
* brennt barn forðast eldinn
* brjóstbarn
* smábarn
* undrabarn
* ungabarn
* ungbarn

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English barn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbarn/
* Rhymes: -arn
* Hyphenation: bàrn

### Noun

barn m (invariable)
* (nuclear physics) barn (a unit of surface area)

### Further reading

* barn in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English bearn, from Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

#### Alternative forms

* bern, bearn, bærn, barne, berne, baren

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /barn/, /baːrn/, /bɛrn/

#### Noun

barn (plural barnes or barnen)
* A member of one's immediate offspring or progeny.
* A child, youth, or baby.
** c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 6, recto, lines 198-199; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne‎, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, →OCLC, page 12:Hit tidde after on a time · as tellus our bokes / as þis bold barn his beſtes · blybeliche keped […]Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals […]
* A person; a member of humanity.
* A younger soldier or fighter.

##### Related terms

* barneschen
* barnhede
* barnles
* barntem
* stepbarn

##### Descendants

* English: barn, bern (obsolete, dialectal)
* Geordie English: bairn
* Scots: bairn
** → English: bairn
* Yola: barrn

##### References

* “bā̆rn, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-25.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

barn
* Alternative form of bern (“barn”)

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɑːɳ/

### Noun

barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn, definite plural barna or barnene)
* child

#### Derived terms

* barndom
* barnearbeid
* barnebarn
* barnebok
* barnebrud
* barnedødelighet
* barneekteskap
* barnefamilie
* barnehage
* barnemat
* barnepass
* barneprostitusjon
* barnerik
* barnerim
* barneskole
* barnesoldat
* barnesykdom
* barnetrygd
* barnevogn
* barnløs
* barnslig
* fosterbarn
* oldebarn
* problembarn
* skolebarn
* småbarn
* spedbarn
* søskenbarn
* vidunderbarn

### References

* “barn” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* badn, bonn, bån

### Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). The plural form born is from the Old Norse u-umlauted form bǫrn. This umlaut can also be seen in Icelandic börn and Danish and Faroese børn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baːrn/, /baːn/, /baːɳ/
* (palatal N) IPA: /baːɲ/

### Noun

barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn or born, definite plural barna or borna)
* child

#### Inflection

* Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard.
* Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier.
* Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen.
* $^1$Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.

#### Derived terms

* barndom
* barnearbeid
* barnebarn
* barnebok
* barnebrud
* barneekteskap
* barnefamilie
* barnehage
* barnemat
* barnepass
* barnerim
* barneskole
* barneskule
* barnesoldat
* barnetrygd
* barnevogn
* barnsleg
* fosterbarn
* kjære barn har mange namn
* oldebarn
* problembarn
* skolebarn
* skulebarn
* småbarn
* spedbarn
* spelebarn
* syskenbarn
* søskenbarn

#### Related terms

* bera (“to bear, carry”, verb)

### References

* “barn” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

### Noun

barn n (genitive barns, plural børn)
* child

#### Descendants

* Danish: barn

## Old English
### Verb

barn
* first/third-person singular preterite of beirnan

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old Saxon barn, Old English bearn, Old Norse barn.

### Noun

barn n
* child

#### Declension
## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

### Noun

barn n (genitive barns, plural bǫrn)
* child

#### Descendants

* Icelandic: barn
* Faroese: barn
* Norwegian Nynorsk: badn, barn, bonn, bån
* Norwegian Bokmål: barn
* Jamtish: bǫ́rn
* Old Swedish: barn
** Swedish: barn
* Old Danish: barn
** Danish: barn
* Gutnish: ban

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “barn”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old English bearn, Old High German barn, Old Norse barn.

### Noun

barn n
* child

#### Declension
## Old Swedish
### Alternative forms

* ᛒᛆᚱᚿ (Runic)

### Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

### Noun

barn n
* child

#### Descendants

* Swedish: barn

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English barn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbarn/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -arn
* Syllabification: barn

### Noun

barn m inan
* (nuclear physics) barn (unit of surface area equal to 10$^{−28}$ square metres)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* barn in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Spanish
### Noun

barn m (plural barns)
* (physics) barn

### Further reading

* “barn”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish barn (“child”), from Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
Cognate with Danish barn, Icelandic barn, Old Saxon barn, Old High German barn, Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“worker”) and bernẽlis (“lad”), a kind of participle to bära (“to bear, to carry, as in childbirth”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɑːrn/, [bɑːɳ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

barn n
* a child (young person)
    Barnen lekerThe children are playing
    Han är bara ett barn / Han är bara barnetHe is only a child ("Bara vara barnet" (literally, "only be the child") is an alternative way to express the same thing)
    barn och vuxnachildren and adults
* a child (son or daughter)
    Du är mitt barnYou are my child
    adoptivbarnadopted children
* (figuratively) a child (descendant, indirectly, for example in religious contexts)
* (figuratively) a child (follower, like above)
    Guds barnGod's children
* (figuratively) a child (someone's creation or the like)
* (uncountable) barn (a unit of area in nuclear physics)

#### Synonyms

* unge
* telning

#### Derived terms

* barnablick
* barnadödlighet
* barnafader
* barnafar
* barnafrom
* barnafödande
* barnaföderska
* barnafödsel
* barnaga
* barnahand
* barnalstring
* barnamord
* barnamördare
* barnansikte
* barnantal
* barnarbetare
* barnarbete
* barnarov
* barnaröst
* barnasinne
* barnaskap
* barnaskara
* barnatro
* barnavård
* barnaår
* barnaöga
* barnbarn
* barnbarnsbarn
* barnbassäng
* barnbeck
* barnbegränsning
* barnberättelse
* barnbespisning
* barnbibliotek
* barnbidrag
* barnbiljett
* barnbjudning
* barnblick
* barnblöja
* barnbok
* barnby
* barnbördshus
* barnbördsklinik
* barncykel
* barndag
* barndaghem
* barndom
* barndop
* barndödlighet
* barnfamilj
* barnfest
* barnfilm
* barnflicka
* barnfond
* barnfödd
* barnförbjuda
* barnföreställning
* barnförlamning
* barngrupp
* barngudstjänst
* barnhage
* barnhem
* barnhuvud
* barnhälsovård
* barnjungfru
* barnkalas
* barnkammare
* barnkirurgi
* barnklinik
* barnkläder
* barnkoloni
* barnkonfektion
* barnkonto
* barnkonvention
* barnkrubba
* barnkull
* barnkultur
* barnkunskap
* barnkupé
* barnkär
* barnkör
* barnledig
* barnlek
* barnlitteratur
* barnläkare
* barnlös
* barnlöshet
* barnmat
* barnmedicin
* barnmedicinsk
* barnmisshandel
* barnmorska
* barnmottagning
* barnolycksfall
* barnombudsman
* barnomsorg
* barnopera
* barnoverall
* barnparkering
* barnpassning
* barnpension
* barnperspektiv
* barnpiga
* barnpornografi
* barnporr
* barnprogram
* barnprostitution
* barnpsykiater
* barnpsykiatri
* barnpsykiatrisk
* barnpsykolog
* barnpsykologi
* barnpuder
* barnramsa
* barnrik
* barnrikeshus
* barnrov
* barnrumpa
* barnröst
* barnsaga
* barnsak
* barnsben
* barnsbörd
* barnsele
* barnsits
* barnsjukdom
* barnsjukhus
* barnsjuksköterska
* barnsjukvård
* barnskara
* barnsko
* barnskrik
* barnskydd
* barnskötare
* barnsköterska
* barnskötsel
* barnslig
* barnsnöd
* barnsoldat
* barnspråk
* barnstadium
* barnstol
* barnstorlek
* barnstuga
* barnsäker
* barnsäng
* barnsöl
* barnteater
* barnteckning
* barntillsyn
* barntillåten
* barntillägg
* barntimma
* barntimme
* barnträdgårdslärare
* barntvätt
* barnunge
* barnuppfostran
* barnvagn
* barnvakt
* barnverksamhet
* barnvisa
* barnvälling
* barnvänlig
* barnår
* barnäktenskap
* barnöga
* brorsbarn
* dibarn
* kasta ut barnet med badvattnet
* kärt barn har många namn
* maskrosbarn (“dandelion kid”)
* nyckelbarn
* skäggbarn
* småbarn
* spädbarn
* systerbarn
* särbarn
* särkullbarn
* underbarn

#### See also

* pojke
* flicka

### References

* barn in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* barn in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* barn in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH
* barn in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh barnu, from Proto-Brythonic *barnad, from Proto-Celtic *barnati, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /barn/

### Noun

barn f (plural barnau)
* opinion, view
* judgement, sentence

#### Derived terms

* barnu (“to adjudge; to pass sentence”)
* Dydd y Farn (“Judgement Day”)
* rhagfarn (“prejudice”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.