# 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰
## Old Uyghur
### Alternative forms

* 𐽲𐽾𐽰 (qrʾ /⁠ḳ(a)ra⁠/), 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (q̈ʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/), 𐽲𐾄𐽾𐽰 (q̈rʾ /⁠ḳ(a)ra⁠/)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰴𐰺𐰀 (qr¹a /⁠qara⁠/).
Perhaps related to or the donor language of Khitan 黑 (kara, “west”). Colors indicated directions in Old Turkic. Compare 𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽳 (kyrw /⁠kérü⁠/, “West, behind”) and its ablauted form 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽶 (qwry /⁠ḳurï⁠/).
For the second sense, compare Orkhon Turkic 𐰴𐰺𐰀 (qr¹a /⁠qara⁠/, “poor, miser”).

### Adjective

𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /ḳara/)
* black, swarthy, dark
* (sociology) common and vulgar, plebeian
** undated, unknown, Avadāna for Āṭavaka Demons, page 46; 168–172 (v13–17)‎:𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽻𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽹𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾀 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 𐽲𐾄𐽰 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽺 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽼 𐽼𐽶𐽹𐽼𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽾𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽻𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 𐽲𐾄𐽾𐽰 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽶 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾈tnkry tnkrysy pwrqʾn nynk mʾqʾt ʾwlwš q̈ʾ kʾlmyšyn pylyp pympʾzʾry ʾylyk pʾk pʾsyn q̈ʾmʾq q̈rʾ pwdwn ʾwlwq twyrlwk ʾqyr ʾyʾqyn tnkry pwrqʾn q̈ʾ ʾwtrw ʾwynty lʾr/ […] teŋri teŋrisi Burḫannïŋ, Magat Ulušḳa kelmišin bilip Bimbazari ilig beg bašïn ḳamaġ ḳara budun uluġ türlüg aġïr ayaġïn teŋri burḫanḳa utru üntiler. […] /Now, when Lord Bimbazari had learned of the arrival of the perfectly-wise Buddha, god of gods, in the Kingdom of Magadha, he and all the common people went [to the lord's residence] to meet the divine Buddha with all kinds of great displays of honor.
* (by extension) simple, basic
* (in compounds) west

#### Compound terms

* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽳𐽿 (qʾrʾkwš /⁠ḳaraḳuš⁠/, “vulture”)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽼𐽰𐽿 (qʾrʾpʾš /⁠ḳarabaš⁠/, “slave”, literally “black-head”)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽺𐽷 (qʾrʾcʾnk /⁠Ḳaračaŋ⁠/, “Yunnan”, literally “Western-Xiang”) (province of China)

#### Derived terms

* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽳 (qʾrʾqw /⁠ḳaraġu⁠/, “blind”)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽳 (qʾrʾnkqw /⁠ḳaraŋġu⁠/, “darkness, dark (of colors)”)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽶𐽲 (qʾrʾnlyq /⁠ḳaranlïġ⁠/, “darkness”)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽽𐽳 (qʾrʾcw /⁠ḳaraču⁠/, “people, population”) (re-borrowing from Mongolic)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qʾrʾrtmʾq /⁠ḳarartmaḳ⁠/, “to blacken, to dim, to make worthless”)

#### Descendants

* Western Yugur: ɢara (qara)

### See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (pwdwq /⁠boduġ⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /⁠öŋ⁠/) (layout · text) :
| 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /⁠aḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /⁠yürüŋ⁠/) | 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /⁠boz⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/) | 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/) |
| 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /⁠al⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /⁠ḳïzïl⁠/) | 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /⁠ar⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /⁠yaġïz⁠/) | 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /⁠sarïġ⁠/), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴 (krʾz /⁠ḳaraža⁠/) |
| | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yʾš /⁠yaš⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yašïl⁠/) | |
| 𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /⁠čač⁠/) | 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (cʾkyr /⁠čaḳïr⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /⁠köküš⁠/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /⁠razavart⁠/) |
| 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /⁠yipgin⁠/) | | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /⁠ḳïzġan⁠/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /⁠sazġan⁠/) |

### References

* Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳara”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 167
* Gabain, von Annamarie (1959). Türkische Turfan Texte X: Das Avadâna des Dämons Âtavaka Bearbeitet von Tadeusz Kowalski. Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften. page 18
* Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kara ~ k(a)ra”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 333-334