# 韓

| 韓 | U+97D3, &#38867; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-97D3 |
| ← 韒 [U+97D2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 韔 → [U+97D4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

韓 (Kangxi radical 178, 韋+8, 17 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 十十木一手 (JJDMQ), four-corner 4445$_6$, composition ⿰龺韋)

#### Derived characters

* 𬉧, 𧃙

#### Related characters

* 韩 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1394, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43159
* Dae Jaweon: page 1909, character 19
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4506, character 21
* Unihan data for U+97D3

## Chinese

* 韓
* 韓國 (戰國) (Written Standard Chinese)
* Han (Warring States) (English)
* 韓國 (西周) (Written Standard Chinese)
* Han (Western Zhou state) (English)
* 天市右垣十一 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Zeta Ophiuchi (English)
* 韓姓 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Han (Chinese surname) (English)

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 乾 | *kaːn, *ɡran |
| 漧 | *kaːn |
| 倝 | *kaːns |
| 榦 | *kaːns |
| 韓 | *ɡaːn |
| 鶾 | *ɡaːn |
| 翰 | *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 瀚 | *ɡaːns |
| 螒 | *ɡaːns |
| 雗 | *ɡaːns |
| 斡 | *qʷaːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːn): phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 韋 (“surround”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hán (han$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хон (hon, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hon$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hon$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): hon$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hòn
    (Hailu, HRS): hon
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hon$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): han$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ǔing
* Eastern Min (BUC): hàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghoe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): han$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hán
*** Wade–Giles: han$^2$
*** Yale: hán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harn
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хон (hon, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɑŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hon$^4$
*** Yale: hòhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hon$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hon$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hᵘɔn²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: hon$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɵn²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòn
*** Hakka Romanization System: hon$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hon$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hon¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: hon
*** Sinological IPA: /hon⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hon$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /hɔn¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: han$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xæ̃¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǔing
*** Sinological IPA : /uiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hàng
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ⁵³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hang$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: háng
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hân
*** Tâi-lô: hân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /han²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /han²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /han¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /han²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ghoe
*** MiniDict: ghoe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦø²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: han$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /xan¹³/
* Middle Chinese: han
Rime :
| Character | 韓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡安切 |
| Baxter | han |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦan/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hon$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 韓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ han › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁar/ |
| English | (state in the Korean peninsula; Three Kingdoms period) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 韓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3702 |
| Phonetic component | 倝 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 寒 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaːn/ |

### Definitions

韓
* (obsolete) fence surrounding a well; puteal
* (～國) Han, a minor state that existed during the Western Zhou Dynasty and early Spring and Autumn period
* (～國) Han, an ancient Chinese state during the Warring States period of ancient China
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Lǐ Sī yīn shuì Qín wáng, qǐng xiān qǔ Hán yǐ kǒng tāguó, yúshì shǐ Sī xià Hán. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (astronomy) The star Zeta Ophiuchi in traditional Chinese astronomy, named for the state
    Synonym: 天市右垣十一
* a surname
    韓愈／韩愈 ― Hán Yù ― Han Yu (Tang dynasty writer and government official)
* (historical) common designation of Mahan, Byeonhan, and Jinhan, three ancient tribal federations located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula
* Short for 韓國／韩国 (Hánguó, “Korea (especially South Korea)”).

#### Descendants

* → English: Han, Hon
* → Zhuang: hanz

### Compounds

* 三韓 / 三韩 (Sānhán)
* 北韓 / 北韩 (Běihán)
* 南韓 / 南韩 (Nánhán)
* 大韓民國 / 大韩民国 (Dàhán Mínguó)
* 孟詩韓筆 / 孟诗韩笔
* 極切瞻韓 / 极切瞻韩
* 申韓 / 申韩
* 蘇海韓潮 / 苏海韩潮
* 識韓 / 识韩
* 韓信囊沙 / 韩信囊沙
* 韓信將兵 / 韩信将兵
* 韓信用兵 / 韩信用兵
* 韓信登壇 / 韩信登坛
* 韓信點兵 / 韩信点兵
* 韓國 / 韩国 (Hánguó)
* 韓壽偷香 / 韩寿偷香
* 韓壽分香 / 韩寿分香
* 韓奕 / 韩奕
* 韓家灣 / 韩家湾 (Hánjiāwān)
* 韓市呼天 / 韩市呼天
* 韓幹畫馬 / 韩干画马
* 韓康賣藥 / 韩康卖药
* 韓戰 / 韩战 (Hánzhàn)
* 韓朋賦 / 韩朋赋
* 韓朋鳥 / 韩朋鸟
* 韓柳 / 韩柳
* 韓海蘇潮 / 韩海苏潮
* 韓灣 / 韩湾 (Hánwān)
* 韓盧 / 韩卢
* 韓盧逐㕙 / 韩卢逐㕙
* 韓盧逐塊 / 韩卢逐块
* 韓盧逐逡 / 韩卢逐逡
* 韓詩 / 韩诗
* 韓詩外傳 / 韩诗外传
* 韓集 / 韩集 (Hánjí)
* 韓非子 / 韩非子 (Hán Fēizǐ)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 韓 |
| Kyūjitai | 韓󠄃 韓+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* Korea, Korean

#### Readings

* Go-on: がん (gan)
* Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
* Tō-on: はん (han)
* Kun: から (kara, 韓)、いげた (igeta)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 韓
* かん Grade: S
* kan'on
From Middle Chinese 韓 (MC han).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

#### Proper noun

韓(かん) • (Kan)
* Korea (now especially South Korea)
* (historical) Han (ancient Chinese county, viscounty, and kingdom of the Zhou dynasty)
* (historical) Short for 三韓 (Sankan, “Samhan”).

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 韓
* から Grade: S
* kun'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) から [káꜜrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠ɾa̠]

#### Proper noun

韓(から) • (Kara)
* Alternative spelling of 唐 (Kara), specifically referring to Korea.

### References

* ↑ “韓”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 韓 (MC han).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅘᅡᆫ (Yale: hhàn) | ᅘᅡᆫ (Yale: hhàn) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 나라 (Yale: nala) | 한 (Yale: han) |

### Pronunciation

* (surname):
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ha̠n]
** Phonetic hangul: [한]
* (Korea; historical placenames):
** (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ha̠(ː)n]
** Phonetic hangul: [한(ː)]
*** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 韓 (eumhun 한국(韓國) 한 (Han'guk han)) 韓 (eumhun 나라 이름 한 (nara ireum han))
* hanja form of 한 (“Korea, the Republic of Korea”)
* hanja form of 한 (“a surname”)
* (historical) hanja form of 한 (“Han (ancient Chinese county, viscounty, and kingdom of the Zhou dynasty)”)
* (historical) hanja form of 한 (“common designation of Mahan, Byeonhan, and Jinhan”)

#### Compounds

* 대한민국 (大韓民國, Daehanmin'guk)
* 마한 (馬韓, Mahan)
* 변한 (弁韓, Byeonhan)
* 삼한 (三韓, Samhan)
* 진한 (辰韓, Jinhan)
* 한국 (韓國, Han'guk)
* 한국어 (韓國語, Han'gugeo)
* 한민족 (韓民族, Hanminjok)

### Proper noun

* Hanja in this term
* 韓
韓 • (Han) (hangeul 한)
* (in news headlines) Short for 韓(한)國(국) (Han-guk, “(South Korea) South Korea”).
    韓(한)·美(미) 자유 무역 협정Han·Mi jayu muyeok hyeopjeongFree trade agreement between the United States of America and the Republic of Korea

#### Usage notes

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

#### See also

* 北(북) (Buk, “(South Korea) North Korea”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

韓: Hán Nôm readings: hàn
* Korea