# κράτος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* κάρτος (kártos) — Ionic, Epic
* κρέτος (krétos) — Aeolic
* κράτης (krátēs) — Lyric

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *krét-os, from *kret- (“strength; intelligence”). Cognates include Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎- (xratu-), and Old English heard (“hard”) (whence English hard).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /krá.tos/ → /ˈkra.tos/ → /ˈkra.tos/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /krá.tos/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈkra.tos/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈkra.tos/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈkra.tos/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈkra.tos/

### Noun

κρᾰ́τος • (krắtos) n (genitive κρᾰ́τεος or κρᾰ́τους); third declension
* might, strength
* act of strength, act of valour
* (in the plural) acts of violence
* dominion, power
** 66-90 C.E., Jude, Epistle of Jude 1.25:μόνῳ σοφῷ Θεῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν δόξα καὶ μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία, καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας Ἀμήνmónōi sophôi Theôi sōtêri hēmôn dóxa kaì megalōsúnē, krátos kaì exousía, kaì nûn kaì eis pántas toùs aiônas AmḗnTo God, our saviour, who alone is wise, be glory and majesty, power and authority, both now and in every age, amen.

#### Derived terms

* ἀκρᾰτής (akrătḗs)
* Ᾰ̓μφῐκρᾰ́της (Ămphĭkrắtēs)
* Ᾰ̓νᾰξῐκρᾰ́της (Ănăxĭkrắtēs)
* Ᾰ̓ντῐκρᾰ́της (Ăntĭkrắtēs)
* αὐτοκρᾰτής (autokrătḗs)
* Δεινοκρᾰ́της (Deinokrắtēs)
* Δημοκρᾰ́της (Dēmokrắtēs)
* δικρατής (dikratḗs)
* ἐγκρατής (enkratḗs)
* ἐπικρατής (epikratḗs)
* Ἑρμοκρᾰ́της (Hermokrắtēs)
* Εὐρυκρᾰ́της (Eurukrắtēs)
* Ἐχεκρᾰ́της (Ekhekrắtēs)
* Ῐ̔πποκρᾰ́της (Hĭppokrắtēs)
* Ἰσοκρᾰ́της (Isokrắtēs)
* ἰσοκρατής (isokratḗs)
* Ῑ̓φῐκρᾰ́της (Īphĭkrắtēs)
* κάρτα (kárta)
* κρᾰ́ταιγος (krắtaigos)
* κρατέω (kratéō)
* Κράτης (Krátēs)
* Κρᾰ́τιππος (Krắtippos)
* Κρᾰτῠ́λος (Krătŭ́los)
* κρατῡ́νω (kratū́nō)
* Μενεκρᾰ́της (Menekrắtēs)
* Ναύκρᾰτῐς (Naúkrătĭs)
* Ξενοκρᾰ́της (Xenokrắtēs)
* παγκρατής (pankratḗs)
* περικρατής (perikratḗs)
* πολυκρατής (polukratḗs)
* Πολῠκρᾰ́της (Polŭkrắtēs)
* Σωκρᾰ́της (Sōkrắtēs)
* Τῑμοκρᾰ́της (Tīmokrắtēs)
* Τισικρᾰ́της (Tisikrắtēs)
* Φῐλοκρᾰ́της (Phĭlokrắtēs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: κράτος (krátos)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κράτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 772-3

### Further reading

* “κράτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “κράτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “κράτος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* κράτος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* κράτος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “κράτος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2904 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. ascendency idem, page 43.authority idem, page 53.chieftainship idem, page 129.command idem, page 146.conquest idem, page 161.control idem, page 170.crown idem, page 186.direction idem, page 226.dominance idem, page 247.domination idem, page 247.empire idem, page 269.government idem, page 368.governorship idem, page 368.greatness idem, page 372.kingship idem, page 470.lordship idem, page 500.mastery idem, page 517.might idem, page 528.paramountcy idem, page 592.power idem, page 630.predominance idem, page 634.principality idem, page 641.reign idem, page 688.royalty idem, page 724.rule idem, page 725.sceptre idem, page 738.sovereignty idem, page 797.strength idem, page 824.superiority idem, page 839.supremacy idem, page 842.supreme idem, page 842.sway idem, page 847.throne idem, page 870.triumph idem, page 896.victory idem, page 951.

## Greek
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “might, power”), from Proto-Indo-European *kret-.

### Noun

κράτος • (krátos) n (plural κράτη)
* state, sovereign country
    αδέσμευτα κράτη ― adésmefta kráti ― non-aligned states

#### Coordinate terms

* πατρίδα f (patrída, “homeland”)
* χώρα f (chóra, “country, homeland”)

#### Derived terms

* κράτος πρόνοιας n (krátos prónoias, “welfare state”)

#### Related terms

* κρατικός (kratikós, “state, government”, adjective)
* κρατιστής m (kratistís, “statist”)
* κρατούμενη f (kratoúmeni, “prisoner, detainee”)
* κρατούμενος m (kratoúmenos, “prisoner, detainee”)
* κρατώ (krató, “to detain, to hold”)