# 育

| 育 | U+80B2, &#32946; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80B2 |
| ← 肱 [U+80B1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 肳 → [U+80B3] |
| 育 | U+2F982, &#194946; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F982 |
| ← 䏕 [U+2F981] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 脃 → [U+2F983] |

## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* In Taiwan, the upper component of the character contains ⿻一厶 (3 strokes) while in other regions, the upper component contains ⿱亠厶 (4 strokes).
* In Taiwan, the bottom component of the character contains ⺼ (meat radical) while in other regions, the bottom component contains ⺝ (similar to 月 but with a vertical left stroke).
* The historical Kangxi dictionary records two character forms, ⿳亠厶⺝ (8 strokes) and ⿱⿻一厶⺝ (7 strokes). The alternative form with 7 strokes (page 974, character 10) is based on Zhengzitong which claims that it is the original form (本字 (běnzì)).
* A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+2F982 for the alternative Taiwan form which contains ⿱亠厶 (4 strokes) as the upper component and ⺼ as the bottom component.

### Han character

育 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+3 in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 肉+4 in Chinese (mainland China, Hong Kong), Japanese and Korean, 7 strokes in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 卜戈月 (YIB) or 大戈月 (KIB), four-corner 0022$_7$, composition ⿳亠厶⺝(GHJKV) or ⿱⿻一厶⺼(T) or ⿳亠厶⺼(U+2F982))

#### Derived characters

* 俼, 唷, 堉, 㛩, 㥔, 𢯡, 淯, 𦝑, 棛, 𣨧, 焴, 㻙, 逳, 𥺞, 䋭, 蜟, 䘻, 𧶰, 𨂔, 𨌯, 𨡚, 𣫺, 錥(𫓾), 𩛭, 𩩣
* 𠾀, 𡡠, 徹, 撤, 澈, 𤢉, 㬚, 𦠣, 㯙, 瞮, 𦅄, 𦔞, 䒆, 𨅊, 轍(辙), 𩍒, 𦚯, 㣃, 𨟝
* 𠃴, 𪟆, 𨛼, 𫆡, 𣣎, 𣪟, 𮌫, 𨿾, 𫆽, 𬛠, 𫇄, 𦱀, 𤀷

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 976, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29318
* Dae Jaweon: page 1427, character 27
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2052, character 5
* Unihan data for U+80B2
* Unihan data for U+2F982

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 育 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 育 | *luɡ |
| 毓 | *luɡ |
| 棛 | *luɡ |
| 錥 | *luɡ |
| 焴 | *luɡ |
| 淯 | *luɡ |
| 蜟 | *luɡ |
| 堉 | *luɡ |
| 逳 | *luɡ |
| 蘛 | *luɡ |
A later alternative form of 毓 (yù). Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *luɡ): semantic 𠫓 (“upside-down baby, being born”) + phonetic 肉 (OC *njuɡ).
See 毓 (yù) for the earlier glyph.

### Etymology

Schuessler, 2007 compares Jingpho [script needed] (lu³¹, “to give birth (to a child)”), based on Zhengzhang's Old Chinese reconstruction; however, Baxter and Sagart's reconstruction makes a connection doubtful. For the B-S reconstruction, note similarities to Burmese မွေး (mwe:, “to give birth, raise”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): juk$^6$ / juk$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yuuk$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yuk
    (Hailu, HRS): rhug$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yug$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): ṳ̆
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̆k
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeh$^7$ / yeh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): io̍k / io
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iog$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: juk$^6$ / juk$^1$
*** Yale: yuhk / yūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: juk$^9$ / juk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yug$^6$ / yug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊk̚²/, /jʊk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yuuk$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɵk̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: iug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯uk̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uk̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: rhug$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʒuk²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /iʊk̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /y²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̆k
*** Sinological IPA : /yʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: oeh$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: e̤̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /œʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /yøʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io̍k
*** Tâi-lô: io̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iok
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io
*** Tâi-lô: io
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ioy
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /io⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /io³³/
* io̍k - literary;
* io - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit育 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /y⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /y⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /y⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /y²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /y⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /y³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /y⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /y²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /y¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /y²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /iəu²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /yo³¹/ /y³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /iu²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /iu³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʐuʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /yəʔ⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəʔ²/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /yʌʔ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /yəʔ⁴³/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ioʔ⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦioʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /j̠ɤu²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /iuʔ²¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /iu⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐəu²⁴/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /iəɯ²⁴/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiuʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iuk̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /ʒɔk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jok̚²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /juk̚⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /juk̚²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iɔk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /yʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /y²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /iok̚⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /zok̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: yuwk
Rime :
| Character | 育 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余六切 |
| Baxter | yuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | juk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-quk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*luɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 育 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-quk/ |
| English | breed, produce |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 育 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15984 |
| Phonetic component | 育 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 育 |
| Old Chinese | /*luɡ/ |
| Notes | 說文肉聲非，實毓右隸變 |

#### Definitions

育
* to give birth to
* to raise; to bring up; to rear
* to educate
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 中等教育 (zhōngděng jiàoyù)
* 五育
* 人文教育
* 人格教育
* 人道教育
* 作育
* 作育英才
* 作育菁莪
* 保育 (bǎoyù)
* 保育員 / 保育员 (bǎoyùyuán)
* 健康教育
* 公民教育 (gōngmín jiàoyù)
* 初等教育 (chūděng jiàoyù)
* 動物育種 / 动物育种
* 勞工教育 / 劳工教育
* 化育 (huàyù)
* 卵育
* 品格教育
* 哺育 (bǔyù)
* 哺育袋
* 四育
* 國民教育 / 国民教育 (guómín jiàoyù)
* 國防體育 / 国防体育
* 在職教育 / 在职教育
* 基礎教育 / 基础教育 (jīchǔ jiàoyù)
* 培育 (péiyù)
* 多語教育 / 多语教育
* 大學教育 / 大学教育
* 大專教育 / 大专教育
* 天才教育
* 女子教育
* 孕育 (yùnyù)
* 孳育
* 孵育
* 學前教育 / 学前教育 (xuéqián jiàoyù)
* 學校教育 / 学校教育
* 家庭教育 (jiātíng jiàoyù)
* 封山育林
* 工藝教育 / 工艺教育
* 師範教育 / 师范教育
* 平民教育 (píngmín jiàoyù)
* 幼兒教育 / 幼儿教育 (yòu'ér jiàoyù)
* 幼稚教育
* 強迫教育 / 强迫教育
* 德育 (déyù)
* 性教育 (xìngjiàoyù)
* 惠育
* 感化教育
* 愛的教育 / 爱的教育
* 成人教育 (chéngrén jiàoyù)
* 打罵教育 / 打骂教育
* 托育 (tuōyù)
* 振民育德
* 推廣教育 / 推广教育
* 撫摩鞠育 / 抚摩鞠育
* 撫育 / 抚育 (fǔyù)
* 教育 (jiàoyù)
* 教育制度
* 教育史
* 教育召集
* 教育哲學 / 教育哲学
* 教育商數 / 教育商数
* 教育團體 / 教育团体
* 教育媒體 / 教育媒体
* 教育學 / 教育学 (jiàoyùxué)
* 教育學程 / 教育学程
* 教育宗旨
* 教育家 (jiàoyùjiā)
* 教育小說 / 教育小说
* 教育局 (jiàoyùjú)
* 教育工學 / 教育工学
* 教育愛 / 教育爱
* 教育會 / 教育会 (jiàoyùhuì)
* 教育視導 / 教育视导
* 教育程度
* 教育經費 / 教育经费
* 教育行政
* 教育計畫 / 教育计画
* 教育費 / 教育费
* 教育輔導 / 教育辅导
* 教育部 (jiàoyùbù)
* 晚育
* 普及教育
* 智育 (zhìyù)
* 普通教育 (pǔtōng jiàoyù)
* 條桑育 / 条桑育
* 極限體育 / 极限体育
* 樂育 / 乐育
* 殖民教育
* 民眾教育 / 民众教育
* 滋育
* 滯育期 / 滞育期
* 燾育 / 焘育
* 特殊教育 (tèshū jiàoyù)
* 生兒育女 / 生儿育女 (shēng'éryùnǚ)
* 生活教育
* 生男育女
* 生育 (shēngyù)
* 發育 / 发育 (fāyù)
* 矜育 (jīnyù)
* 社會教育 / 社会教育
* 視聽教育 / 视听教育
* 節育 / 节育 (jiéyù)
* 終生教育 / 终生教育
* 終身教育 / 终身教育
* 絕育 / 绝育 (juéyù)
* 繁育 (fányù)
* 美育 (měiyù)
* 義務教育 / 义务教育 (yìwù jiàoyù)
* 群育
* 職前教育 / 职前教育
* 職業教育 / 职业教育
* 育兒 / 育儿 (yù'ér)
* 育嬰 / 育婴 (yùyīng)
* 育幼院 (yùyòuyuàn)
* 育才 (yùcái)
* 育樂 / 育乐 (yùlè)
* 育種 / 育种 (yùzhǒng)
* 肥育 (féiyù)
* 育育
* 育苗 (yùmiáo)
* 育齡 / 育龄 (yùlíng)
* 自然保育
* 蕃育
* 補償教育 / 补偿教育
* 補助教育 / 补助教育
* 補習教育 / 补习教育
* 覆育
* 親職教育 / 亲职教育
* 計畫生育 / 计画生育
* 訓育 / 训育 (xùnyù)
* 賁育 / 贲育
* 資源保育 / 资源保育
* 軍事教育 / 军事教育
* 軍事體育 / 军事体育
* 通才教育
* 通識教育 / 通识教育 (tōngshí jiàoyù)
* 道德教育
* 選育 / 选育 (xuǎnyù)
* 阿育王 (Āyùwáng)
* 鞠育
* 養成教育 / 养成教育
* 養育 / 养育 (yǎngyù)
* 騎士教育 / 骑士教育
* 體育 / 体育 (tǐyù)
* 體育場 / 体育场 (tǐyùchǎng)
* 體育運動 / 体育运动 (tǐyù yùndòng)
* 體育館 / 体育馆 (tǐyùguǎn)
* 高等教育 (gāoděng jiàoyù)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yō (yo$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄛ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yō
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄛ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yo
*** Wade–Giles: yo$^1$
*** Yale: yō
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: io
*** Palladius: ё (jo)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɔ⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

育
* Only used in 杭育 (hángyō, “heave-ho”).

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhòu (zhou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^4$
*** Yale: jòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

#### Definitions

育
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 胄 (zhòu, “descendant”)

### References

* “育”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* bring up, raise
* grow

#### Readings

* Go-on: いく (iku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: いく (iku, Jōyō)
* Kun: そだてる (sodateru, 育てる, Jōyō)、はぐくむ (hagukumu, 育む, Jōyō)、そだつ (sodatsu, 育つ, Jōyō)

#### Compounds

* 教(きょう)育(いく) (kyōiku): education

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 育
* いく Grade: 3
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 育 (MC yuwk).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ikɯ̟]

### Affix

育(いく) • (iku)
* raise; bring up; grow up

## Korean
### Hanja

育 (eumhun 기를 육 (gireul yuk))
* hanja form of 육 (“to raise”)

#### Compounds

* 교육 (敎育, gyoyuk, “education”)
* 체육 (體育, cheyuk, “physical education, exercise”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

育: Hán Nôm readings: dục
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.