# are
## English
### Etymology 1

From Middle English aren, from Old English earun, earon (“are”), reinforced by Old Norse plural forms in er- (displacing alternative Old English sind and bēoþ), from Proto-Germanic *arun (“(they) are”), from Proto-Germanic *esi/*izi (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”).
Cognate with Old Norse eru (“(they) are”) (> Icelandic eru (“(they) are”), Swedish äro (“(they) are”), Danish er (“(they) are”)), Old English eart (“(thou) art”). More at art.

#### Alternative forms

* aren, arn (obsolete or dialectal)
* ar (obsolete)

#### Pronunciation
##### Stressed

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: är, IPA: /ɑː(ɹ)/
* (General American) enPR: ar, IPA: /ɑɹ/
* (General Australian, New Zealand) enPR: är, IPA: /ɐː/
* (Northern England, Wales) enPR: är, IPA: /aː(ɹ)/
* (Canada) IPA: /äɹ/, /ɑɹ/, /ɐɹ/
* (Ireland) IPA: /aɹ/, /äːɹ/, /ɑɹ/
* (Scotland) IPA: /äɹ/, /äɾ/
* (now dialectal) IPA: /ɛə(ɹ)/, /ɛː(ɹ)/
* (proscribed, rare, due to confusion with "our") IPA: /aʊɚ/, /aʊə/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Homophones: argh, r, our
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

##### Unstressed

* (Received Pronunciation, General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ə(ɹ)/
* (General American, Canada, Ireland) enPR: är, IPA: /ɚ/

#### Verb

are
* second-person singular simple present of be
    Mary, where are you going?
* first-person plural simple present of be
    We are not coming.
** 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)‎:Here we are!
    Audio (US):(file)
* second-person plural simple present of be
    Mary and John, are you listening?
* third-person plural simple present of be
    They are here somewhere.
* (East Yorkshire, Midlands) present of be

##### Usage notes

* The pronunciation /aʊɚ/ arising from confusion of "are" and "our" is rare; however, it occasionally occurs due to the fact that the latter can be elided into /ɑɹ/ in quick speech.

##### Synonyms

* (second-person singular): (archaic) art (used with thou)

#### See also

* am
* art
* be
* been
* beest
* being
* is
* was
* wast
* were
* wert

### Etymology 2

From French are.

#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɛə/, /ɛː/
* (General American) enPR: âr, IPA: /ɛəɹ/, /ɛɹ/
* Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
* Homophones: air, Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, err (one pronunciation); e'er

#### Noun

are (plural ares)
* (rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.

##### Usage notes

* Are is now rarely used except in its derivative hectare.

##### Synonyms

* (SI unit): (rare) square decametre

##### Derived terms

* centiare
* decare
* hectare
* milliare

##### Further reading

Are on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 3

From the phonetic similarity between our and are in many English dialects (both /ɑː(ɹ)/).

#### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ɑː(ɹ)/
* Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

#### Determiner

are
* (UK, US) Misspelling of our.

##### Usage notes

Sometimes used deliberately as a form of classist humour, as a mocking imitation of a person with little education.

### References

* ↑ Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎, volumes I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 4.432, page 130.

### Anagrams

* 'ear, ear, Rea, rea, EAR, REA, aer-, ReA, aër-, Aer, ERA, era, Rae

## Albanian
### Noun

are
* indefinite dative/ablative singular of arë

## Basque
### Etymology

From Proto-Basque *arhe.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /aɾe/ [a.ɾe]
* Rhymes: -aɾe, -e
* Hyphenation: a‧re

### Noun

are inan
* rake

#### Declension
## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from French are, from Latin ārea.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaː.rə/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: are
* Rhymes: -aːrə

### Noun

are f (plural aren or ares)
* are, a unit of surface area

#### Derived terms

* hectare

#### Descendants

* → Indonesian: are
* → Papiamentu: are

## French
### Etymology

Learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground. Doublet of aire.

### Pronunciation

* Homophone: art

### Noun

are m (plural ares)
* an are

#### Related terms

* aire
* aréage

#### Descendants

* Danish: ar
* Norwegian Bokmål: ar

### Further reading

* “are”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch are, from French are, from Latin ārea. Doublet of area.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈarə]
* Hyphenation: arê

### Noun

arê (uncountable)
* are: an SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent.

#### Related terms

* area
* areal
* hektare

### Further reading

* “are” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.re/
* Homophone: -are (infinitive verb suffix)
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: à‧re

### Etymology 1

Variant of aere.

#### Noun

are m (plural ari)
* Archaic form of aere.

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

are f pl
* plural of ara

### Anagrams

* -erà, Era, Rea, era, rea

## Japanese
### Romanization

are
* Rōmaji transcription of あれ

## Latin
### Verb

ārē
* second-person singular present active imperative of āreō

### References

* “are”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

## Lindu
### Noun

are
* long, large sickle

## Mapudungun
### Noun

are (Raguileo spelling)
* warmth, heat

### References

* Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Article

are
* genitive/dative feminine of an

### Etymology 2
#### Determiner

are
* (chiefly Kent and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

are
* Alternative form of hare (“hare”)

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

are
* (Northern or Early Middle English) Alternative form of ore (“honour”)

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

are
* (Northern) Alternative form of ore (“oar”)

### Etymology 6
#### Verb

are
* Alternative form of aren

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

Perhaps from a Dutch Low Saxon or German Low German verb.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

are (present tense arar, past tense ara, past participle ara, passive infinitive arast, present participle arande, imperative are/ar)
* (reflexive) to suit, fit

### Etymology 2
#### Determiner

are
* (dialectal) alternative form of andre

#### Adjective

are
* (dialectal) alternative form of andre

### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

are
* (Can we verify this sense?) white-tailed eagle

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑːre/

### Noun

āre f
* honor, glory, grace

#### Declension

Weak feminine (n-stem):

### Noun

āre
* dative singular of ār (“messenger, herald; angel; missionary”)

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from Proto-Germanic *ausô.

### Noun

are n
* ear

#### Descendants

* North Frisian:
    Föhr: uar
    Hallig, Mooring: uur
    Helgoland: Uaar
* Saterland Frisian: Oor
* West Frisian: ear

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀅𑀭𑁂 (Brahmi script)
* अरे (Devanagari script)
* অরে (Bengali script)
* අරෙ (Sinhalese script)
* အရေ or ဢရေ (Burmese script)
* อเร or อะเร (Thai script)
* ᩋᩁᩮ (Tai Tham script)
* ອເຣ or ອະເຣ (Lao script)
* អរេ (Khmer script)
* 𑄃𑄢𑄬 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

### Interjection

are
* wow, whoa
* yay

#### Derived terms

* re

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.ɾi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.ɾi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈa.ɾe/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈa.ɾɨ/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -aɾi, (Portugal) -aɾɨ
* Hyphenation: a‧re

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

are m (plural ares)
* (historical) are (unit of area)

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

are
* inflection of arar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.re/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -are
* Hyphenation: a‧re

### Etymology 1

Compare Latin habēret, habuerit. Compare Aromanian ari. See also ar, auxiliary used in a periphrastic construction of the conditional.

#### Verb

are
* third-person singular indicative present of avea (“to have”)

##### See also

* a

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

are
* third-person singular/plural subjunctive present of ara (“to plow”)

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English are, from Old English ār (“honor, worth, dignity”), from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō (“respect, honour”), from *ais- (“to honour, respect, revere”).
Cognate with Dutch eer (“honour, credit”), German Ehre (“honour, glory”), Latin erus (“master, professor”).

### Noun

are (uncountable)
* (obsolete) grace; mercy

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈaɾe/ [ˈa.ɾe]
* Rhymes: -aɾe
* Syllabification: a‧re

### Verb

are
* inflection of arar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔaˈɾe/ [ʔɐˈɾɛ]
* Rhymes: -e
* Syllabification: a‧re

### Pronoun

aré (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒ) (chiefly Batangas, Mindoro, Marinduque)
* Alternative form of ari: this one; this
    Synonyms: (Manila) ito, (Central Luzon) ire, (Central Luzon) ere
    Ano ga are? ― What is this?

#### See also

| | Direct (ang) | Indirect (ng) | Oblique (sa) | Locative (nasa) | Existential | Manner (gaya ng) |
| Near speaker* | ari/are, iri/ire/idi, yari** | nari/nare, niri/nire/nidi, niyari$^†$ | dini/dine | nandini, narini, nairi/naidi, naari | ere/eri, here/heri, ayri | ganari, ganiri, garini(garni), gayari$^†$ |
| Near speaker and listener* | ito | nito | dito | nandito, narito, naito** | heto, eto, ayto$^†$ | ganito, garito(garto)** |
| Near listener | iyan, yaan | niyan | diyan/diyaan | nandiyan/nandiyaan, nariyan(naryan), nayan/nayaan**, naiyan$^‡$ | hayan, ayan | ganiyan(ganyan), gay-an**, gariyan** |
| Remote | iyon, yoon, yaon$^†$ | niyon, noon, niyaon$^†$ | doon | nandoon, naron/naroon**, nayon/nayoon**, nayaon$^‡$ | hayon/hayun, ayon/ayun | ganoon, gayon, gay-on, gayoon$^‡$,garoon$^‡$ |
| *These two series have merged in modern Tagalog. The first row is used in some dialects, the second row is used anywhere else. **These pronouns are used in some dialects. $^†$These pronouns are not commonly used in casual speech but more prevalent in literature. $^‡$Rare in text. |||||||

### Anagrams

* -era

## Tangam
### Etymology

From Proto-Tani *a-lə, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la.

### Noun

are
* (anatomy) foot, leg

#### References

* Mark W. Post (2017) The Tangam Language: Grammar, Lexicon and Texts, →ISBN

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈa.ɾe]

### Verb

are
* (transitive) to scratch

#### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

## Toraja-Sa'dan
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qazay.

### Noun

are
* ant

## Venetan
### Noun

are
* plural of ara

## Wolof
### Noun

are (definite form are bi)
* stop, especially a bus stop

## Yilan Creole
### Etymology

From Japanese あれ (are, “that”).

### Pronoun

are
* third person singular pronoun
* that (person or object)

#### Synonyms

* (third person singular pronoun): (Hanhsi) zibun, zin

#### Coordinate terms

* (that):
** kore, are, dore
** koci, aci, doko
** kono, ano, dono
** konna no, anna no, donna no
** konnasite, annasite, donnasite

#### Derived terms

* (third person singular pronoun): aretaci, ataci

### References

* Chien Yuehchen (2015) “The lexical system of Yilan Creole”, in New Advances in Formosan Linguistics‎, pages 513-532
* Chien Yuehchen (2018) “日本語を上層とする 宜蘭クレオールの人称代名詞”, in 日本語の研究‎, volume 14, number 4
* Chien Yuehchen (2019) “日本語を上層とする 宜蘭クレオールの指示詞”, in 社会言語科学 [The Japanese Journal of Language in Society]‎, volume 21, number 2, pages 50-65

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à.ɾē/

#### Noun

àre
* vindication, justification; justice
* excuse, pardon

##### Derived terms

* dáre (“to vindicate”)
* jàre (“please, pardon me”)
* káre (“well done!”)

### Etymology 2

From the same root as eré, iré, and uré, see Proto-Yoruba *V-ré

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ā.ɾé/

#### Noun

aré
* Alternative form of eré (“running, race”)
* Alternative form of eré (“speed”)
* Alternative form of eré (“play, pastime”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /à.ɾē/

#### Noun

àre
* miserableness; the state of being miserable and aimless

##### Derived terms

* ráre (“to walk around aimlessly”)