# 將軍
## Chinese

* 將軍 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 將軍 (Cantonese)

### Etymology

First used in the state of Jin in Spring and Autumn period, where the army are controled by one of the leaders of six powerful vassal states (see Zhongjunjiang). Later it becomes a separate official position.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiāngjūn
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ ㄐㄩㄣ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang$^1$ jun$^1$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoeng$^1$ gwan$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): diang$^1$ gun$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chiông-kiûn
    (Hailu, HRS): ziong$^ˋ$ giun$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): jiong$^1$ giun$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): cio̿ng-gé̤ng / cióng-gé̤ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciŏng-gŭng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zyong$^1$ gong$^1$ / zyeng$^1$ guong$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiong-kun / chiang-kun
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziang$^1$ gung$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$cian-ciun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiāngjūn → jiāngjun (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ ㄐㄩㄣ → ㄐㄧㄤ ˙ㄐㄩㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiangjyůn
*** Wade–Giles: chiang$^1$-chün$^5$
*** Yale: jyāng-jyun
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang.jiun
*** Palladius: цзянцзюнь (czjanczjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/ → /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang$^1$ jun$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gianggun
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoeng$^1$ gwan$^1$
*** Yale: jēung gwān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng$^1$ gwan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zêng$^1$ guen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: diang$^1$ gun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tiaŋ³³ kun³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiông-kiûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: jiong$^ˊ$ giun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jiong$^1$ giun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziong$^ˋ$ giun$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sioŋ⁵³ kiun⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: jiong$^1$ giun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cio̿ng-gé̤ng / cióng-gé̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/, /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŏng-gŭng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ $^{(k-)}$ŋuŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyong$^1$ gong$^1$ [Phonetic: zyong$^5$ ngong$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cio̤ng-geong
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$ŋɔŋ⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zyeng$^1$ guong$^1$ [Phonetic: zyeng$^5$ nguong$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡syøŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ $^{(k-)}$ŋuoŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong-kun
*** Tâi-lô: tsiong-kun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciongkwn
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³ kun³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiang-kun
*** Tâi-lô: tsiang-kun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciangkwn
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ziang$^1$ gung$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiang kung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$cian-ciun
*** MiniDict: cian$^平$ ciuin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$jian-jyn
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsjang kjun
Rime :
| Character | 將 | 軍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 即良切 | 舉云切 |
| Baxter | tsjang | kjun |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sɨɐŋ/ | /kɨun/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡siɐŋ/ | /kiun/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡siɑŋ/ | /kiuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɨaŋ/ | /kun/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡siaŋ/ | /kiuən/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sĭaŋ/ | /kĭuən/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡si̯aŋ/ | /ki̯uən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiāng | jūn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoeng$^1$ | gwan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]aŋ [k]ʷər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaŋ kun/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 將 | 軍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiāng | jūn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsjang › | ‹ kjun › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]aŋ/ | /*[k]ʷər/ |
| English | bring | army; camp |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 將 | 軍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10286 | 7333 |
| Phonetic component | 爿 | 軍 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 將 | 君 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsaŋ/ | /*kun/ |

### Noun

將軍
* (military) general (military rank)
* (literary) Alternative name for 硫黃／硫黄 (liúhuáng, “sulfur”).
* (literary) Alternative name for 大黃／大黄 (dàihuáng, “rhubarb”).
* (Can we verify this sense?) (historical) shogun (supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan)

#### Usage notes

Note that the character 將 here has a level-tone pronunciation (Mandarin: jiāng), not a departing-tone one (Mandarin: jiàng) as may be expected from the meaning of “general”. In fact, 將 here means "to lead", not "general".

#### Synonyms

* (shogun): 幕府將軍／幕府将军, 征夷大將軍／征夷大将军

#### Derived terms

* 不把將軍為神道 / 不把将军为神道
* 五道將軍 / 五道将军
* 前將軍 / 前将军
* 劉猛將軍 / 刘猛将军
* 右將軍 / 右将军 (yòu jiāngjūn)
* 四征將軍 / 四征将军
* 四方將軍 / 四方将军
* 四鎮將軍 / 四镇将军
* 大將軍 / 大将军 (dàjiāngjūn)
* 大小李將軍 / 大小李将军
* 大樹將軍 / 大树将军
* 太平本是將軍定，不許將軍見太平 / 太平本是将军定，不许将军见太平
* 將軍不下馬，各自奔前程 / 将军不下马，各自奔前程
* 將軍山 / 将军山 (Jiāngjūnshān)
* 將軍府 / 将军府
* 將軍柱 / 将军柱
* 將軍肚 / 将军肚 (jiāngjūndù)
* 左將軍 / 左将军 (zuǒjiāngjūn)
* 常勝將軍 / 常胜将军
* 征北將軍 / 征北将军 (zhēng běi jiāngjūn)
* 征南將軍 / 征南将军
* 征東將軍 / 征东将军 (zhēng dōng jiāngjūn)
* 征西將軍 / 征西将军 (zhēng xī jiāngjūn)
* 後將軍 / 后将军 (hòujiāngjūn)
* 故將軍 / 故将军
* 斷頭將軍 / 断头将军
* 楊四將軍 / 杨四将军
* 楊泗將軍 / 杨泗将军
* 白將軍 / 白将军
* 白馬將軍 / 白马将军
* 盡盤將軍 / 尽盘将军
* 矬子裡頭選將軍 / 矬子里头选将军
* 矮子裡拔將軍 / 矮子里拔将军 (ǎizi lǐ bá jiāngjūn)
* 紅將軍 / 红将军
* 衛將軍 / 卫将军
* 護軍將軍 / 护军将军
* 車騎將軍 / 车骑将军
* 鎮北將軍 / 镇北将军
* 鎮南將軍 / 镇南将军
* 鎮國將軍 / 镇国将军
* 鎮東將軍 / 镇东将军 (zhèn dōng jiāngjūn)
* 鎮西將軍 / 镇西将军 (zhèn xī jiāngjūn)
* 鐵將軍把門 / 铁将军把门
* 門神將軍 / 门神将军
* 雲麾將軍碑 / 云麾将军碑
* 飛將軍 / 飞将军
* 驃騎將軍 / 骠骑将军 (piàoqí jiāngjūn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 将(しょう)軍(ぐん) (shōgun)
* → Korean: 장군(將軍) (janggun)
* → Vietnamese: tướng quân (將軍)
Others:
* → Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤 (s$^e$ŋün)
* → Khitan: 𘰷𘯀𘱚𘱕 (*s iaŋ g ün)
* → Manchu: ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ (janggin)
** → Chinese: 章京 (zhāngjīng)
* → Manchu: ᠵᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡡᠨ (jiyanggiyūn)

### Verb

將⫽軍 (verb-object)
* (chess, xiangqi) to check
* (figurative) to put someone on the spot
    From:
    bié ràng “jiāngjūndù” jiāng nǐ yī jūn [Pinyin]
    Don't let the "beer belly" overwhelm you.

### Interjection

將軍
* (chess, xiangqi) checkmate

### Proper noun

將軍
* (～村) Jiangjyun, Jiangjun (a rural village in Wangan, Penghu County, Taiwan)
* a surname

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 將 | 軍 |
| しょう Jinmeiyō | ぐん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 將軍 – see the following entry. :
| 【将軍しょうぐん】 | [noun] (military) a commander of troops, especially of an expeditionary or frontline force [noun] (military) Synonym of 将官 (shōkan): a general officer [noun] (military, historical) a shogun, supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan |
(This term, 將軍, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 將 | 軍 |

### Noun

將軍 • (janggun) (hangeul 장군)
* hanja form of 장군

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 將 | 軍 |

### Noun

將軍
* chữ Hán form of tướng quân.