# leather
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English lether, from Old English leþer (“leather”), from Proto-West Germanic *leþr, from Proto-Germanic *leþrą (“leather”), possibly borrowed from Proto-Celtic *ɸlitrom, *letros, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥tro-.
Cognate with West Frisian leare (“leather”), Low German Leder (“leather”), Dutch leder, leer (“leather”), German Leder (“leather”), Danish læder (“leather”), Swedish läder (“leather”), Icelandic leður (“leather”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈlɛðə/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈlɛðɚ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* (dialectal, obsolete) IPA: /ˈlʌðəɹ/
* Rhymes: -ɛðə(ɹ)

### Noun

leather (countable and uncountable, plural leathers)
* A tough material produced from the skin of animals, by tanning or similar process, used e.g. for clothing.
    Coordinate term: pseudoleather
* A piece of the above used for polishing.
* (colloquial) A cricket ball or football.
** 1918, M. M. Guy, Joe Doughty, page 157:The goalee made a frantic grab as the leather spun clean past him, but he was just a second too late, and Joe had scored for Redcliff.
* (plural: leathers) clothing made from the skin of animals, often worn by motorcycle riders.
* (baseball) A good defensive play
    Jones showed good leather to snare that liner.
* (boxing) A punch.
* (dated, humorous) The skin.
* Clipping of fruit leather.

#### Hyponyms

* (types of leather): chagrin, cordovan, cordwain, galuchat, maroquin, morocco, morocco leather, shagreen, sharkskin, taw

#### Derived terms

* alligator leather
* antileather
* as ever trod shoe leather
* as ever trod shoe-leather
* chamois leather
* Dongola leather
* fair leather
* fruit leather
* hell-bent for leather
* hell for leather
* hemlock leather
* kid leather
* kraft leather
* lace leather
* law leather
* leather and prunella
* leatherboard
* leatherbound
* leatherboy
* leather carp
* leather cheerio
* leathercloth
* leather-coat
* leathercrafter
* leathercrafting
* leatherdyke
* leatherer
* leathergirl
* leathergoods
* leather-hard
* leatherine
* leatherize
* leather knife
* leather leaf
* leatherless
* leatherlike
* leather lunged
* leathermaker
* leathermaking
* leatherman
* leatherneck
* Leatheroid
* leatherperson
* leather poisoning
* leather queen
* leatherseller
* leathersex
* Leatherstocking
* leatherware
* leatherwear
* leatherwing
* leatherwoman
* leatherwood
* leatherworker
* leather working
* leatherworking
* leatherworks
* mountain leather
* napa leather, nappa leather
* nonleather
* nose leather
* oak leather
* ooze leather
* overleather
* patent leather
* pleather
* Russia leather
* shoe leather
* shoe-leather
* split leather
* spur leather
* under-spur-leather
* vegetable leather
* wash leather
* whang leather
* white leather
* whitleather

#### Descendants

* Tok Pisin: let
* → Esperanto: ledo
* → Ido: ledro

#### Translations

Afrikaans: leer (af)
Albanian: lëkurë (sq) f
Amharic: ቆዳ (ḳoda)
Arabic: جِلْد m (jild)
Egyptian Arabic: جلد m (gild)
Armenian: կաշի (hy) (kaši)
Asturian: cueru m
Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥- (car$^ə$man-)
Azerbaijani: dəri (az), gön (az)
Bashkir: күн (kün)
Belarusian: ску́ра f (skúra)
Bengali: চামড়া (bn) (camṛa)
Breton: lêr (br) m
Bulgarian: ко́жа (bg) f (kóža)
Burmese: သားရေ (my) (sa:re)
Catalan: cuir (ca) m
Chamicuro: shama
Cherokee: ᎦᏃᏥ (ganotsi)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 皮革 (pei$^4$ gaak$^3$, pei$^4$ gaap$^3$), 皮 (pei$^4$)
Dungan: пи (pi)
Mandarin: 皮革 (zh) (pígé), 皮 (zh) (pí)
Cornish: ledher m
Czech: kůže (cs) f
Danish: læder (da) n
Dutch: leer (nl) n, leder (nl) n (formal)
Egyptian: (mskꜣ)
Esperanto: ledo
Estonian: nahk (et)
Faroese: leður n
Finnish: nahka (fi)
French: cuir (fr) m
Galician: coiro (gl) m
Georgian: ტყავი (ka) (ṭq̇avi)
German: Leder (de) n
Greek: δέρμα (el) n (dérma)
Ancient: βύρσα f (búrsa)
Guaraní: pire
Gujarati: ચર્મ (carma), ચામડું (cāmḍũ)
Hebrew: עוֹר (he) (or)
Hindi: चमड़ा (hi) m (camṛā), चर्म (hi) m (carm)
Hungarian: bőr (hu)
Icelandic: leður (is) n
Ido: ledro (io)
Indonesian: kulit (id)
Ingrian: nahka
Interlingua: corio
Irish: leathar m
Middle Irish: lethar
Italian: cuoio (it) m
Japanese: 皮革 (ja) (ひかく, hikaku), 革 (ja) (かわ, kawa)
Kannada: ಚರ್ಮ (kn) (carma)
Karachay-Balkar: тери (teri)
Kazakh: тері (terı), көн (kön)
Khmer: ស្បែក (km) (sbaek)
Korean: 가죽 (ko) (gajuk), 피혁(皮革) (ko) (pihyeok)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: çerm (ku)
Kyrgyz: тери (ky) (teri)
Lao: ຫນັງ (nang), ໜັງສັດ (nang sat)
Latin: cutis f, corium n, alūta f
Latvian: āda (lv) f
Lithuanian: oda (lt) f
Macedonian: кожа (mk) f (koža)
Malay: kulit (ms)
Malayalam: തോൽ (ml) (tōl), തുകൽ (ml) (tukal)
Maltese: ġilda f
Manx: lhiare, liare
Marathi: चामडे (cāmḍe)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: савхи (mn) (savxi), арьс (mn) (arʹs)
Mongolian: ᠰᠠᠪᠢᠬᠢ (sabiki), ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ (arasu)
Navajo: akał
Nepali: छाला (ne) (chālā)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: lær n
Nynorsk: lêr n
Occitan: cuèr (oc)
Ojibwe: bashkwegin
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: кожа f (koža), скора f (skora)
Old East Slavic: кожа f (koža), скора f (skora)
Old English: leþer n
Old Persian: [script needed] (čarman-)
Pashto: چرم m (čarm), سختیان m (saxtyãn), وژن m (wẑǝn)
Persian: چرم (fa) (čarm), جلد (fa) (jeld) (archaic)
Polish: skóra (pl) f
Portuguese: couro (pt) m
Punjabi: ਚਮੜਾ (camṛā)
Quechua: qara
Romanian: piele (ro) f, piele de animal f
Russian: ко́жа (ru) f (kóža)
Scottish Gaelic: leathar m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ко̏жа f
Roman: kȍža (sh) f
Sinhalese: සම් (sam)
Slovak: koža (sk) f
Slovene: usnje (sl) n
Southern Altai: кӧн (kön), јару (ǰaru), тере (tere)
Spanish: cuero (es) m, antelina f (faux)
Swahili: ngozi (sw) class n
Swedish: läder (sv) n
Tagalog: katad
Tajik: чарм (čarm), ҷилд (tg) (jild)
Tamil: தோல் (ta) (tōl)
Tarifit: irem m
Tatar: күн (tt) (kün)
Telugu: తోలు (te) (tōlu)
Thai: หนัง (th) (nǎng)
Tibetan: ཀོ་བ (ko ba)
Turkish: deri (tr)
Turkmen: deri, gön, gaýyş
Udmurt: ку (ku)
Ukrainian: шкі́ра f (škíra)
Urdu: چمڑا m (camṛā), چرم m (carm)
Uyghur: تېرە (tëre), خۇرۇم (xurum), كۆن (kön)
Uzbek: charm (uz), teri (uz), koʻn (uz)
Venetan: curame (vec) m, curam (vec) m, corame (vec) m
Vietnamese: da thuộc (vi)
Vilamovian: łaoder n
Walloon: cur (wa) m
Welsh: lledr (cy) m
Yiddish: לעדער f or n (leder)
Zulu: isikhumba (zu) class 7/8 :

### Adjective

leather (not comparable)
* Made of leather.
    Synonym: leathern
** 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. […] A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.
* Referring to one who wears leather clothing (motorcycle jacket, chaps over 501 jeans, boots), especially as a sign of sadomasochistic homosexuality.
* Referring to an establishment of familial relations through agreed sexual or romantic deviance.
** 2021 June 14, Ellora Vilkin, Richard Sprott, “Consensual Non-Monogamy Among Kink-Identified Adults: Characteristics, Relationship Experiences, and Unique Motivations for Polyamory and Open Relationships”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 50, →DOI, pages 1521–1536:Some research has documented the phenomenon of leather families as a form of intentional, chosen families created by members of sexual and gender minority groups, often in the face of biological family rejection and marginalization in society (Bauer, 2010; Hammack et al., 2019; Murphy & Bjorngaard, 2019; Pitagora, 2016). Leather families are a network of people that acknowledge and practice ongoing supportive relationships “while sharing the commonalities of the leather and kink scene” (Bannon, 2016). […] Very few studies have examined how many people are members of leather or other “chosen” families.

#### Translations
### Verb

leather (third-person singular simple present leathers, present participle leathering, simple past and past participle leathered)
* (transitive) To cover with leather.
** 2015, Rain Trueax, Lands of Fire:He rose and leathered his Colt as his father came to stand beside him.
* (transitive, intransitive) To form a leathery surface (on).
** 2003, Bonita Wagner, Satan's Choice, page 66:By the appearance of his deep suntan, which had leathered his skin, and the calluses that covered his hands, Sheriff Anderson figured the man to be one of the area ranchers.
** 2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 83:Some leather and droop like bat wings, others, as the poet Brenda Hillman writes, are 'hung in hashtags'.
* (transitive) To strike forcefully.
    He leathered the ball all the way down the street.
* (transitive) To spank or beat with a leather belt or strap.
** 1806, Andrew Kippis, The New Annual Register:My father was very angry with me— -he took and leathered ( beat) me, because I ran away from my school ; for I did run away from my school ; he took and tied me up on a Sunday morning, leathered me a Friday night, and Saturday night : I was stripped naked when he leathered me on Friday night, and Saturday; my father told me to strip myself, and he leathered me, it was with a whip; but I do not know where he got the whip; he tied me with my arms extended so -- (spreading out her arms to their extremity, as if they were to be nailed upon a cross) -- My legs were tied too -- I was at the bottom of the dresser.
** 2005, H. Salisbury, Betrayed, →ISBN, page 4:My father was furious with me and reached for the strap. He brutally leathered me with it before sending me to bed for the night.
** 2011, Agnes Owens, Agnes Owens: The Complete Novellas, →ISBN:Anyway, bums were always on view in our family, getting leathered with a heavy belt.

#### Derived terms

* hell-for-leather
* leatherback
* leathercraft
* leatherette
* leatherhead
* leatherjacket
* leather jacket
* leather-lunged
* leathern
* leatherwork
* leathery
* slap leather
* spur-leather
* stirrup leather
* wash-leather

### References

* ↑ Bingham, Caleb (1808) “Improprieties in Pronunciation, common among the people of New-England”, in The Child's Companion; Being a Conciſe Spelling-book […] ‎, 12th edition, Boston: Manning & Loring, →OCLC, page 75.

### Anagrams

* Tar Heel, Tarheel, haltere, lethera