# -ico
## Galician
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiko/ [ˈi.kʊ]
* Rhymes: -iko

### Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)
* -ic; forms adjectives from nouns

#### Derived terms
## Interlingua
### Etymology

Borrowed from English -ic, French -ique, Italian -ico, Portuguese -ico, Spanish -ico, Russian -ик (-ik) all ultimately from Latin -icum, from -icus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.ko/

### Suffix

-ico
* forms nouns from nouns, denoting a person occupied with a science or study; -ic, -ician, -ian
    ‎historia (“history”) + ‎-ico → ‎historico (“historian”)
    ‎theoria (“theory”) + ‎-ico → ‎theorico (“theoretician”)

#### Usage notes

* The stressed syllable in words formed with -ico is the antepenult, i.e. the syllable prior to the suffix.
* A corresponding nominal suffix denoting a particular science or study is -ica while the corresponding adjectival suffix is -ic.

#### Derived terms
### References

* Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

## Italian
### Etymology

Derived from Latin -icus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.ko/
* Rhymes: -iko
* Hyphenation: -ì‧co

### Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -ici, feminine plural -iche)
* -ic

#### Derived terms
### Suffix

-ico
* first-person singular present of -icàre

### Anagrams

* ciò, coi

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /i.koː/, [ɪkoː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /i.ko/, [iko]

### Etymology 1

From -ō suffixed to words with stems ending in -ic (including -icus), which was reinterpreted as part of the suffix.

#### Suffix

-icō (present infinitive -icāre, perfect active -icāvī, supine -icātum); first conjugation
* forms regular first-conjugation verbs, sometimes with frequentative meaning
    fodiō + -icō → fodicō
    albus + -icō → albicō

##### Conjugation

$^1$The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

##### Descendants

* Catalan: -egar
* Italian: -icare
* Sicilian: -icari

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Suffix

-icō
* dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -icus

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.t͡sɔ/
* Rhymes: -it͡sɔ
* Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

### Suffix

-ico
* vocative singular of -ica

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin, from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos, *-iḱos.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (stressed on the antepenultimate syllable) /i.ku/
* Hyphenation: -i‧co

#### Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)
* -ic; -ical of or relating to [the suffixed noun]

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈi.ku/
* Hyphenation: -i‧co

#### Suffix

-ico m (noun-forming suffix, plural -icos, feminine -ica, feminine plural -icas)
* irregular diminutive suffix, often forming new senses rather than semantic diminutives
    ‎burro (“donkey”) + ‎-ico → ‎burrico (“small donkey”)
    ‎verão (“summer”) + ‎-ico → ‎veranico (“Indian summer”)
    ‎furo (“hole”) + ‎-ico → ‎furico (“colloquial, euphemistic: anus”)

##### Usage notes

The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:
* ⟨-ção⟩, ⟨-são⟩ (in feminine abstract nouns, incl. plurals) → ⟨-cion⟩, ⟨-sion⟩
* ⟨-ão⟩ (as a non-verb suffix, incl. plurals) → ⟨-on⟩
* ⟨-ã(o)⟩ (incl. plurals) → ⟨-(i)an⟩, ⟨-am⟩, or ⟨-(i)on⟩, depending on the base word's etymology
* ⟨-m⟩ (incl. plurals) → ⟨-n⟩
* ⟨-z⟩ (in some nouns from Latin, incl. plurals) → ⟨-c(i)⟩
* ⟨-vel⟩ (unstressed and adjectival, incl. plurals) →
* ⟨-z⟩ (adjectival, incl. plurals) →

##### Derived terms
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iko/, [i.ko]
* Rhymes: -iko
* Syllabification: -i‧co

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

#### Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)
* forms adjectives from nouns; -ic
    ‎fotografía (“photograph”) + ‎-ico → ‎fotográfico (“photographic”)

##### Usage notes

* The stress will fall on the syllable before the suffix (e.g. cuántico, with emphasis on /a/). Contrast Etymology 2, with stress on the suffix.

### Etymology 2

Related to Ladino -iko, which serves as the equivalent of -ito.

#### Suffix

-ico m (noun-forming suffix, plural -icos)
* (Murcia, Granada, Navarre, Aragon, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica) diminutive suffix, pejorative in certain regions; forms nouns from nouns; replaces standard Spanish suffix -ito (in Cuba/Colombia/Venezuela/Costa Rica, it is only used with words that end in /t/, e.g. gato > gatico; but perro > perrito.

##### Usage notes

* The stress falls on the first syllable of the suffix (e.g. marica, with emphasis on /i/). Contrast Etymology 1, with stress on the syllable preceding the suffix.

### Further reading

* “-ico”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10