# 鹹

| 鹹 | U+9E79, &#40569; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E79 |
| ← 鹸 [U+9E78] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鹺 → [U+9E7A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鹹 (Kangxi radical 197, 鹵+9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜田戈竹口 (YWIHR), four-corner 2365$_0$, composition ⿰鹵咸)

#### Related characters

* 咸 – simplified to an existing character.

#### See also

* 鹽

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1507, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47553
* Dae Jaweon: page 2035, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4610, character 19
* Unihan data for U+9E79

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 感 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 鱤 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 顑 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms |
| 轗 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms |
| 撼 | *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 憾 | *ɡɯːms |
| 喊 | *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 緘 | *krɯːm |
| 瑊 | *krɯːm, *kjum |
| 黬 | *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 減 | *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 羬 | *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram |
| 麙 | *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 咸 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鹹 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 醎 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 諴 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 椷 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 輱 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鍼 | *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm |
| 箴 | *kjɯm |
| 葴 | *kjɯm |
| 鱵 | *kjum |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡrɯːm): semantic 鹵 (“salt”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hjam (“salty”) or *g-rjum (“salt”); compare Chepang ल्‍हाम्‌सा (hlam‑, “salty (not excessively)”), Jingpho jum (“salt”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xián (xian$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): han$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хан (han, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): haam$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ham$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): han$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hàm
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ham$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): xie$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): gěng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gèng / hàng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kiâm / hâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): giam$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghe; $^6$yi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): han$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xián
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sián
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^2$
*** Yale: syán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: han$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan
*** Sinological IPA : /xan²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хан (han, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /xæ̃²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haam$^4$
*** Yale: hàahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ham$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːm²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ham$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ham²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: han$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /han²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm
*** Hakka Romanization System: ham$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ham$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ham$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: xie$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gěng
*** Sinological IPA : /keiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gèng / hàng
*** Sinological IPA : /kɛiŋ⁵³/, /haŋ⁵³/
* gèng - vernacular;
* hàng - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit鹹 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕian³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ɕian²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /ɕian⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ɕiã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ɕiã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ɕian⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /ɕiã²⁴/ ～陽 /xã²⁴/ ～菜 |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ɕiã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ɕian⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ /xɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ɕian⁵¹/ /xan⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /ɕiɛn²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xan³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /ɕian²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ɕiɛ̃³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ɕien²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /ɕiɑŋ¹³/ ～阳 /xɑŋ¹³/ ～菜 |
| Jin | Hohhot | /ɕie³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ɦa³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕie⁴⁴/ /xɛ⁴⁴/ ～鹽 |
| Hui | Tunxi | /xɔ⁴⁴/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xan¹³/ ～魚 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɦan¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /han²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ham¹¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hɑm¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ham²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /ham²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /ham²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ham³⁵/ /kiam³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɛiŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /aŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ham⁵⁵/ /kiam⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /ham³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: heam
Rime :
| Character | 鹹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡讒切 |
| Baxter | heam |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠɛm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚæm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɐm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəɨm/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɐm/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɐm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤr[o]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鹹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hɛm › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.[ɡ]ˁr[o]m/ |
| English | salty |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鹹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13516 |
| Phonetic component | 咸 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 咸 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡrɯːm/ |
| Notes | 鹹轉註字 |

### Definitions

鹹
* salty; briny
    鹹菜／咸菜 ― xiáncài ― salted vegetables
    湯太鹹了。／汤太咸了。 ― Tāng tài xián le. ― The soup is too salty.
* (Southern Min) stingy; miserly
* (Southern Min) rice topping; viand
    買鹹／买咸 [Teochew] ― bhoi$^2$ giam$^5$ [Peng'im] ― to buy groceries
* (Teochew, of clothes) dirty; unwashed
* (Cantonese, Hailufeng Min) erotic; pornographic; obscene
    鹹片／咸片 [Cantonese] ― haam$^4$ pin$^{3-2}$ [Jyutping] ― pornographic video
* (Yangjiang Yue) salt

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 吝, 嗇, 慳, 吝嗇, 慳吝 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 吝嗇, 小氣, 慳吝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 小氣, 摳, 摳兒, 摳門兒, 小摳兒, 死摳兒, 摳搜, 摳唆, 嗇刻 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 摳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 摳兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 吝嗇, 摳兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 小摳兒, 小氣 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 吝嗇, 摳, 摳門兒, 小摳兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 吝嗇, 摳, 摳門兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 摳, 摳門兒, 小摳兒, 摳搜, 小氣, 夾夾咕咕, 玍屄 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 吝嗇, 摳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 小摳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 摳門兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 吝嗇, 小摳, 摳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 吝嗇, 摳, 摳搜, 渠 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 吝嗇 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 吝嗇 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 摳兒, 摳門兒, 摳唆, 死摳兒, 窮摳兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 摳惜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 摳兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 摳, 窮摳 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 摳, 老摳兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 摳, 不出息 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 摳, 摳門兒, 小氣 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 黑饞 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 吝嗇, 摳, 小摳兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 摳, 奸 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 摳, 摳搜 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 奸, 拤古 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 拤古 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 摳唆, 小氣, 吝嗇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 吝嗇, 嗇皮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 摳 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 老摳兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 摳, 小氣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 摳 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 摳, 老鱉一 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 摳兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 摳, 尖 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 尖 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 嗇皮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 小氣, 嗇, 吝嗇, 嗇皮, 摳 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 嗇皮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 吝嗇 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 摳, 摳皮, 細詳, 搜, 小氣 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 搜, 摳, 搜摳兒, 搜摳, 搜屄摳兒, 薄氣, 不出血 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 吝嗇, 摳, 尖 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 摳搜, 薄嗇, 嗇, 小氣 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 摳搜, 嗇皮, 嗇, 小氣 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 嗇 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 摳 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 摳, 摳搜, 嗇皮, 小氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 摳, 小氣, 夾, 苟, 嗇, 坎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 吝嗇, 摳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 嗇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 嗇, 坎 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 吝嗇, 摳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 吝嗇, 夾, 財, 老默, 摳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 吝嗇, 摳, 慳, 小氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 吝嗇, 嗇, 小氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 吝嗇, 雀薄 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 吝嗇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 摳, 夾摳, 夾殼, 小氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 摳, 夾殼兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 夾摳, 夾殼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 吝嗇, 摳, 小氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 小氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 尖鉤鉤 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 吝嗇, 小氣, 秀, 秀氣郎當 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 摳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 摳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 吝嗇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 吝嗇, 摳, 沙, 小氣 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou (Luorong) | 吝嗇 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 摳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 摳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 嗇皮 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 摳, 嗇, 小氣, 尿日鬼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 摳, 小氣, 嗇掐, 嗇苛, 嗇, 吝嗇 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 吝嗇, 免頭 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 小氣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 小氣, 嗇掐 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 摳 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 摳, 尿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 摳, 小氣, 算小 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 小氣, 慳, 刻薄 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 孤寒, 慳濕, 度縮, 眼緊, 縮骨, 麻米, 細囈, 小氣, 知微, 知慎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 孤寒, 度縮, 縮骨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 孤寒, 針屎 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 孤寒, 針屎 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 耳屎, 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 孤寒, 縮骨 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 慳 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 孤寒, 小格 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 小氣, 慳嗇 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 孤寒, 小氣 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 慳 |
| Cantonese | Lingshan | 慳 |
| Cantonese | Pubei | 慳 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 慳濕, 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 細氣 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 孤寒 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 小氣 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 孤寒 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 嗇, 小氣 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 慳吝, 小氣 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 肋嗇, 嗇魔, 小氣 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 齧, 齧察, 歪, 孤寒, 皮西艾曬, 唆嗇, 淒老 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 歪 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 孤寒, 蔑屑 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 小氣, 孤寒 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 孤寒 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 孤寒 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 孤寒 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 孤寒 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 孤寒 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 孤寒 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 嗇 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 齧察 |
| Hakka | Changting | 癄 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 齧 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 歪, 齧察 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 精 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 小氣, 小相 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 小氣 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 精, 小氣 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 齧, 齧察, 鹹合澀, 鹹澀 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 齧, 齧察, 齧唧, 鹹合澀, 鹹澀 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 齧, 齧察, 齧合澀, 澀齧 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 齧, 齧察, 鹹合澀 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 齧察, 齧合澀 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 硞, 虯, 鹹合澀 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 摳 |
| Hakka | Beiliu (Tang'an) | 小氣 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 小毛, 小氣, 小鬼 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 小氣, 吃小米 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 小氣, 摳索, 吝嗇 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 摳, 小氣 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 吝嗇, 摳, 磨慳, 慳 |
| Jin | Datong | 吝嗇, 摳 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 鬼祟, 小氣 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 摳 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 摳, 慳, 摳搜 |
| Jin | Linhe | 憋, 缺 |
| Jin | Jining | 摳 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 小氣 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 摳, 小氣 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 摳唆 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 摳門兒, 摳, 吝嗇 |
| Jin | Handan | 小氣, 摳兒門兒, 摳兒, 嗇結頭 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 摳 |
| Jin | Suide | 嗇 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 嗇鄙, 小癖氣 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 小氣 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 嗇鄙 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 嗇鄙 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 嗇 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 嗇 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 貽順, 奸狡, 奸狡利, 小氣, 十絕 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 小氣, 𣍐捨, 奸小利 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 枵鬼, 譴相, 小鄙臉, 貓, 貓神, 貓𡳞 vulgar, 貓潲 vulgar, 㾀屎 vulgar, 鹹, 澀, 鹹澀, 鹹掛澀, 雞孫, 凍霜, 攝屎, 鄙釐, 虯, 竭, 𣍐做儂 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 枵鬼, 譴相, 貓, 貓𡳞 vulgar, 貓潲 vulgar, 㾀屎 vulgar, 鹹, 澀, 鹹澀, 鹹掛澀, 雞孫, 捻𡳞 vulgar, 捻, 鄙釐, 虯, 𣍐做儂 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 枵鬼, 小鬼臉, 㾀屎庀 vulgar, 鹹, 澀, 鹹澀, 鹹澀韌, 蟯, 蟯鬼, 蟯疕, 桶庀, 鄙釐, 毛絲, 虯, 𣍐做儂, 雞攝膣, 攝雞膣, 攝屎, 𠢕儉 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 枝釐 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 夾絲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 牛螕, 凍霜, 鹹澀 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 凍霜 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 凍霜, 鹹澀, 牛螕, 孤獨 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 牛螕, 苛頭, 凍霜, 鹹澀 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 孤霜, 㾀屎 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 牛螕, 凍霜, 鹹澀, 硞 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 凍霜, 硞 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 凍霜, 鹹澀, 苛頭, 硞, 虯 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 凍霜, 鹹澀, 苛頭, 硞, 虯 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 凍霜, 苛頭 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 凍霜, 貓筩, 鹹澀, 虯 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 虯, 凍霜, 硞, 鹹澀 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 凍霜, 硞, 硞仔頭 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 凍霜 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 虯, 苛頭, 凍霜, 硞, 鹹澀 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 凍霜, 鹹澀, 硞, 虯 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 凍霜 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 凍霜, 鹹澀, 㾀屎 vulgar, 鹹 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 凍霜, 孤霜, 鹹澀 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 凍霜, 孤霜, 鹹澀, 牛螕, 虯 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 孤獨, 凍霜, 鹹澀, 苛頭 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鹹澀, 鹹 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 枵鬼, 貓, 鹹, 澀, 鹹澀, 鹹掛澀, 貓潲 vulgar, 貓𡳞 vulgar, 㾀屎 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鹹澀, 鹹, 汌, 貓潲 vulgar |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 挾潲 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 澀鼻 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鹹澀 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鹹澀 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 鹹澀, 酸澀, 迡噝, 奸狡, 鼠鬼相 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 鹹澀, 貓 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 慳, 慳嘜, 刻目, 刺麻 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 鹹澀, 細氣 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 鹹澀 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 鹹澀, 鹹 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 儉嗇, 無𡳞成, 慳 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 儉嗇, 無𡳞成, 慳 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 孤寒 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 孤寒, 孽屎 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 小氣, 小相 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Chaoyang) | 小氣 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Zhuyuan) | 吝嗇 |
| Northern Pinghua | Lingchuan (Tanxia) | 小氣 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 小氣, 密屑, 賅刁, 摳, 刮皮, 酷, 刁, 勿爽氣 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 小氣 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 小氣, 算小, 掐 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 小氣, 嗇 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 小氣 |
| Wu | Danyang | 嗇掐, 小氣 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 小氣, 精馬, 精巴 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 小氣, 刮皮 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 小氣, 貓, 吃不得 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 小氣, 刻嗇, 貓涴 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 吝毛, 小氣, 摳, 疜 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 小相 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 小氣 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 吝嗇 |
| Xiang | Guanyang (Wenshi) | 小相 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 小氣 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 菜餚, 菜品, 菜蔬 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 菜 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 菜 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 菜 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 下飯菜 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 菜 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 菜 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 餸, 餸菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 餸, 餸菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 餸菜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 餸, 餸菜 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 菜 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 菜 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 菜 |
| Cantonese | Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) | 菜餸 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 餸 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 菜 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 菜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 菜 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 菜 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 菜 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 菜 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 菜 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 菜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 配 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 配飯菜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 乇配 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 物配, 菜配, 菜 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 物配, 菜 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 菜 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 物配 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 物配, 菜配 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 物配, 菜, 鹹 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 配 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 配 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 物配 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 物配, 鹹 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 物配, 配 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 物配 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 物配 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 物配 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 物配 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 物配 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 物配 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 物配 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 菜 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 配 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 配 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 配 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 小菜 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 小菜 |
| Wu | Jiaxing | 鹹酸 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 下飯 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 下飯, 菜蔬, 小菜 rare |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 下飯, 菜蔬, 小菜 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 配, 餚配 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 菜 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 菜 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鹽, 食鹽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 鹽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 鹽巴, 鹽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 鹽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 鹽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 鹹鹽 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 鹹鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 鹽 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 鹽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 鹽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 鹽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 鹹鹽 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi (Xigou) | 鹽, 鹹鹽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 鹽巴, 鹽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鹽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 鹽巴, 落水消 jargon |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 鹽巴 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 鹽 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 鹽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 鹽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 鹽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鹽, 上味 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 鹽, 海沙 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 生鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鹽, 鹹 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Changtan) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 鹽 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 上味 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 鹽 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鹽 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鹽 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 鹽 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 鹽 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 鹽 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 鹹鹽, 海沙 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 鹽 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 鹹鹽, 鹽 |
| Jin | Linhe | 鹹鹽 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 鹹鹽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鹽 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 鹽 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 鹽 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 鹽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鹽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 鹽 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Guilin (Biyange) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Pingle (Zhoutang) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 鹽 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 鹽 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 鹽 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 鹽 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 鹽 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 鹽 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 鹽 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 鹽 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鹽 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 鹽 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 鹽 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 鹽 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 鹽 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 鹽 |
| Wu | Danyang | 鹽 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 鹽 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 鹽 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 鹽 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan County (Cha'ensi) | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Xiangxiang | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 鹽 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 鹽 |

### Compounds

* 八珍鹹粥 / 八珍咸粥
* 半鹹水湖 / 半咸水湖
* 托葷鹹食 / 托荤咸食
* 舄鹹 / 舄咸
* 說鹹道淡 / 说咸道淡
* 酸鹹 / 酸咸
* 酸鹹苦辣 / 酸咸苦辣
* 鯹鹹 / 鯹咸
* 鹵鹹 / 卤咸
* 鹹丸子 / 咸丸子
* 鹹味 / 咸味 (xiánwèi)
* 鹹嘴淡舌 / 咸嘴淡舌
* 鹹土 / 咸土
* 鹹壤 / 咸壤
* 鹹杬子 / 咸杬子
* 鹹水 / 咸水 (xiánshuǐ)
* 鹹水妹 / 咸水妹 (xiánshuǐmèi)
* 鹹水湖 / 咸水湖 (xiánshuǐhú)
* 鹹水魚 / 咸水鱼 (xiánshuǐyú)
* 鹹汁 / 咸汁
* 鹹池 / 咸池
* 鹹泉 / 咸泉
* 鹹海 / 咸海 (Xiánhǎi)
* 鹹浸浸 / 咸浸浸
* 鹹淡 / 咸淡 (xiándàn)
* 鹹湖 / 咸湖 (xiánhú)
* 鹹溜溜 / 咸溜溜
* 鹹潟 / 咸潟
* 鹹潮 / 咸潮 (xiáncháo)
* 鹹澀 / 咸涩 (xiánsè)
* 鹹濕 / 咸湿 (xiánshī)
* 鹹片 / 咸片
* 鹹絲絲 / 咸丝丝
* 鹹肉 / 咸肉 (xiánròu)
* 鹹肉莊 / 咸肉庄
* 鹹腥 / 咸腥
* 鹹臭 / 咸臭
* 鹹舄 / 咸舄
* 鹹苦 / 咸苦
* 鹹草 / 咸草
* 鹹菜 / 咸菜 (xiáncài)
* 鹹菹 / 咸菹
* 鹹葅 / 咸葅
* 鹹虀 / 咸虀
* 鹹蛋 / 咸蛋 (xiándàn)
* 鹹蟲 / 咸虫
* 鹹解 / 咸解
* 鹹豉 / 咸豉
* 鹹豬手 / 咸猪手 (xiánzhūshǒu)
* 鹹酸 / 咸酸 (xiánsuān)
* 鹹風蛋雨 / 咸风蛋雨
* 鹹魚 / 咸鱼 (xiányú)
* 鹹魚翻生 / 咸鱼翻生
* 鹹魚翻身 / 咸鱼翻身 (xiányú fānshēn)
* 鹹鴨卵 / 咸鸭卵 (xiányāluǎn)
* 鹹鴨蛋 / 咸鸭蛋 (xiányādàn)
* 鹹鹵 / 咸卤
* 鹹鹺 / 咸鹾
* 鹹鹽 / 咸盐 (xiányán)
* 鹹龍 / 咸龙
* 鹺鹹 / 鹾咸

### Descendants

* → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɡemᴬ
* → Zhuang: hamz

### See also

Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text) :
| 甜 (tián) | 酸 (suān) | 鹹 / 咸 (xián) | 苦 | 辣 (là) | 鮮味 / 鲜味 (xiānwèi) |

### References

* “鹹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* salty

#### Readings

* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: しおからい (shiokarai, 鹹い)、しょっぱい (shoppai, 鹹い)、しおけ (shioke)

#### Compounds

* 鹹湖(かんこ) (kanko)
* 鹹水(かんすい) (kansui)
* 鹹水湖(かんすいこ) (kansuiko)
* 鹹味(かんみ) (kanmi)
* 半鹹水(はんかんすい) (hankansui)

## Korean
### Hanja

鹹 (eumhun 짤 함 (jjal ham))
* hanja form of 함 (“salty”)
鹹 (eumhun 다 함 (da ham))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鹹: Hán Nôm readings: hàm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.