OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# T̓s
## Kwak'wala
### Alternative forms

* C̓ in Liqʼwala dialect

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͜sʼ/

### Letter

T̓s (lower case t̓s)
* A letter of the Kwak'wala alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* Uʼmista
* (Latin-script letters) A a, A̱ a̱, B b, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, K k, Kw kw, K̓ k̓, K̓w k̓w, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵ̓ ḵ̓, Ḵ̓w ḵ̓w, L l, ʼL ʼl, Ł ł, M m, ʼM ʼm, N n, ʼN ʼn, O o, P p, P̓ p̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Tł tł, T̓ł t̓ł, Ts ts, T̓s t̓s, U u, W w, ʼW ʼw, X x, Xw xw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, Y y, ʼY ʼy, ʼ
* Liq̓ʷala
* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ə ə, B b, D d, Ꟛ ꟛ, Dᶻ dᶻ, E e, G g, Gʷ gʷ, Ǧ ǧ, Ǧʷ ǧʷ, H h, I i, K k, Kʷ kʷ, K̓ k̓, K̓ʷ k̓ʷ, Q q, Qʷ qʷ, Q̓ q̓, Q̓ʷ q̓ʷ, L l, L̓ l̓, Ł ł, M m, M̓ m̓, N n, N̓ n̓, O o, P p, P̓ p̓, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Ƛ ƛ, Ƛ̓ ƛ̓, C c, C̓ c̓, U u, W w, W̓ w̓, X x, Xʷ xʷ, X̌ x̌, X̌ʷ x̌ʷ, Y y, Y̓ y̓, ʔ
# நாளைநின்று
## Tamil
### Etymology

நாளை (nāḷai) +‎ நின்று (niṉṟu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /n̪aːɭain̪inrɯ/, [n̪aːɭain̪indrɯ]

### Adverb

நாளைநின்று • (nāḷainiṉṟu)
* on the day after tomorrow
# Circus aeruginosus
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Circus aeruginosus m
* A taxonomic species within the family Accipitridae – the western marsh harrier.

#### Hypernyms

* (species): Accipitriformes - order; Accipitridae - family; Accipitrinae - subfamily; Circus - genus

### References

* Circus aeruginosus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* Circus aeruginosus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
* Category:Circus aeruginosus on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
* Audio recordings of Circus aeruginosus on Xeno-canto.
* Gill, F. and Wright, M. (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names, Princeton University Press, →ISBN
# floodplain
## English
### Alternative forms

* flood plain

### Etymology

From flood +‎ plain.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: flood‧plain

### Noun

floodplain (plural floodplains)
* (geography) An alluvial plain adjacent to a river formed by flooding during periods of high rain.

#### Derived terms

* flood plain toadlet

#### See also

* alluvial plain
# duress
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed into Middle English from Old French duresse, from Latin duritia (“hardness”), from durus (“hard”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /djʊˈɹɛs/, /d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /duˈɹɛs/
* Rhymes: -ɛs

### Noun

duress (uncountable)
* (obsolete) Harsh treatment.
** 1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC:The agreements […] made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of duress and force.
* Constraint by threat.
** 2023 October 17, Kim Willsher, “Mother of French-Israeli hostage begs for her return as Hamas releases video”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:It is unclear when it was filmed and if she was under duress during filming.
* (law) Restraint in which a person is influenced, whether by lawful or unlawful forceful compulsion of their liberty by monition or implementation of physical enforcement; legally for the incurring of civil liability, of a citizen's arrest, or of subrogation, or illegally for the committing of an offense, of forcing a contract, or of using threats.

#### Derived terms

* duress of circumstances

#### Related terms

* endure

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

duress (third-person singular simple present duresses, present participle duressing, simple past and past participle duressed)
* To put under duress; to pressure.
    Someone was duressing her.
    The small nation was duressed into giving up territory.

#### Derived terms

* duressor

### Anagrams

* Druses, Suders, druses, sudser
# Eonolt
## Old High German
### Proper noun

Eonolt
* (Bavaria) an unknown-gender given name

### References

* Schatz, Josef, 1871-1950 (1907) Altbairische Grammatik, Laut- und Flexionslehre (Grammatiken der althochdeutschen Dialekte; I. Band.) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, page 28
* Cozroh (810-848) Cozroh-Codex - BayHStA HL Freising 3a (in Latin), Freising, →DOI, →OCLC, page 24
* Bitterauf, Theodor, editor (1905), Die Traditionen des Hochstifts Freising (Quellen und Erörterungen zur Bayerischen und Deutschen Geschichte; Neue Folge, Vierter Band) (in German), I Band (744-926), München: M. Rieger'sche Universitäts Buchhandlung, pages 39, 422}}
# double date
## English
### Noun

double date (plural double dates)
* A (romantic) date that two couples go on together.

### Verb

double date (third-person singular simple present double dates, present participle double dating, simple past and past participle double dated)
* To go on a double date.
** 1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 64:The trouble was, I knew that guy Stradlater’s technique. That made it even worse. We once double-dated, in Ed Banky’s car, and Stradlater was in the back, with his date, and I was in the front with mine.
# trainwomen
## English
### Noun

trainwomen
* plural of trainwoman
# ciká
## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sikaː]

### Verb

ciká
* third-person singular present indicative of cikať
# crawfish
## English
### Etymology

1620s, folk etymology from Middle English crevis, from Old French crevice (French écrevisse), influenced by fish. Compare crayfish.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkɹɒˌfɪʃ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Noun

crawfish (countable and uncountable, plural crawfishes or crawfish)
* (Southern US, New York and Western US) Any of various freshwater crustaceans: crayfish.
* (South Africa) Any of various marine crustaceans, rock lobster; especially Jasus lalandii, the Cape crawfish.
* (Quebec, Canada, slang, derogatory) An English-Canadian. Used in some corners of Quebec (including the Gaspé).

#### Usage notes

* See the usage notes (and compare the senses) at crayfish.

#### Synonyms

* (freshwater crustaceans): crawdad, crawldad, crawlfish, crayfish, mudbug, yabby (Australia)

#### Derived terms

* crawchie
* crawfishy

#### Translations
### Verb

crawfish (third-person singular simple present crawfishes, present participle crawfishing, simple past and past participle crawfished)
* (intransitive) To fish for crawfish.
* (intransitive, colloquial, Southern US) To backpedal, desert or withdraw (also used with out).
** 1968, Charles Portis, True Grit:I have never been one to flinch or crawfish when faced with an unpleasant task.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “crawfish”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqiTWYUPbUc&cc=1&t=0m17s
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GB7IfqZTIpo&cc=1&t=0m26s
* ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnKOVPXhlnE&feature=related&t=0m33s

### Further reading

* “crawfish”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “crawfish, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
# 精灵文
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 精灵文 – see 精靈文 (“elvish writing system; bopomofo; zhuyin”). (This term is the simplified form of 精靈文).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# Sisyphean labour
## English
### Alternative forms

* Sisyphean labor (US)

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌsɪsɪˈfiːən ˈleɪbə/
* (US) IPA: /ˌsɪsəˈfiːən ˈleɪbɚ/

### Noun

Sisyphean labour (plural Sisyphean labours)
(British spelling)
* (figurative) A task that is both laborious and futile.

#### See also

* uphill battle
# asáŋpiǧi
## Lakota
### Etymology

From asáŋpi (“milk”) + ǧí (“brown”). Literally brown milk.

### Noun

asáŋpiǧi
* chocolate milk
# Seltenerde
## German
### Alternative forms

* seltene Erde

### Etymology

From selten +‎ Erde.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzɛltn̩ˌʔɛɐ̯də]
* Hyphenation: Sel‧ten‧er‧de

### Noun

Seltenerde f (genitive Seltenerde, plural Seltenerden)
* (uncommon) rare earth

#### Derived terms

* Seltenerdmetall

### Further reading

* Metalle der Seltenen Erden on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{de}$
# vdes
## Albanian
### Etymology

A formation in -s of Proto-Albanian *awa-deja, from earlier *dej, continuing Proto-Indo-European *dʰew-. Compare Old Church Slavonic давити (daviti, “suffocate”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌸𐍃 (afdauiþs, “troubled”), Old Irish díth (“end, death”), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬛𐬍 (duuaidī, “we press”), Latin fūnus (“death”) and English die.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /vdes/

### Verb

vdes (aorist vdiqa, participle vdekur)
* to die (used only for humans and bees)

#### Conjugation

* Show compound tenses:

#### Synonyms

* ngordh

#### Related terms

* vdekatar m, vdekatare f
* vdekje
* vdekjeprurës
* vdekshëm
* vdekshmëri

#### See also

* mirti

### Further reading

* “vdes”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “vdes”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
# pšíŋ
## Lakota
### Noun

pšíŋ
* onion
# tȟáȟča
## Lakota
### Etymology

From tȟa- (ruminant)

### Noun

tȟáȟča
* deer
# čháŋ
## Lakota
### Etymology

From čha + háŋ.
* whenever
* always, at that time

### Noun

čháŋ
* tree
    Čháŋ tóna háŋ he? ― How many trees are there?
* wood
    Hé čháŋ úŋ káǧapi. ― This is made of wood.

#### Derived terms

* wáǧačhaŋ
* čhaŋhá
* čhaŋháŋpi

### Conjunction

čháŋ
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
# t͡s
## Translingual
### Alternative forms

* t͜s
* ts
* tˢ
* ʦ (deprecated)
* c (NAPA)

### Symbol

t͡s
* (IPA) voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate
# šuŋkítepȟesto
## Lakota
### Etymology

From šúŋka (“dog”) +‎ ité (“face”) +‎ pȟésto (“sharp, pointed”). literally sharp-faced dog.

### Noun

šuŋkítepȟesto
* greyhound
# cheveau
## Champenois
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃə.vo/

### Noun

cheveau m
* Alternative form of chevau
# mustu
## Aromanian
### Etymology

From Latin mustum. Compare Romanian must.

### Noun

mustu n (plural musturi)
* unfermented wine; grape or other fruit juice
* must (of grapes)

#### Derived terms

* mustusescu

#### Related terms

* mustos

## Finnish
### Verb

mustu
* inflection of mustua:
** present active indicative connegative
** second-person singular present imperative
** second-person singular present active imperative connegative

### Anagrams

* sumut

## Livvi
### Adjective

mustu
* black

## Sicilian
### Etymology

From Latin mustum. Compare Italian mosto.

### Noun

mustu m
* unfermented wine; grape or other fruit juice
* must (of grapes)

#### Derived terms

* mustarda
* mustata
* Mustu

#### See also

* acitu
* cìnniri
* firmintazziuni
* racina
* vinu
* zùccaru
* àcitu
# piaxer
## Lombard
### Alternative forms

* piaxir

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pjaˈze(r)/, /pjaˈʒe(r)/

### Etymology 1

From Latin placēre. Compare Italian piacere and Venetan piaxer.

#### Verb

piaxer
* (transitive) to please

### Etymology 2

From the verb. See Etymology 1.

#### Noun

piaxer m
* pleasure

## Venetan
### Etymology 1

From the verb piaxer. Compare Italian piacere.

#### Noun

piaxer m (plural piaxeri)
* pleasure

### Etymology 2

From Latin placēre.

#### Verb

piaxer (transitive)
* To please

##### Conjugation

* Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
# Tz
## Ch'orti'
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ts/

### Letter

Tz (lowercase tz)
* A letter of the Chʼortiʼ alphabet.

## Juǀ'hoan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tsʼ/

### Letter

Tz (lower case tz)
* A letter of the Juǀ'hoan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Mam
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tsʰ/

### Letter

Tz (lowercase tz)
* A letter of the Mam alphabet.
# crìonadh
## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

crìonadh m
* decay, withering
# Heugumper
## Alemannic German
### Alternative forms

* Heugümper
* Haigumper (Basel)

### Etymology

Heu (“hay”) +‎ gumpe (“to jump”)

### Noun

Heugumper m
* grasshopper
# borona
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈboronɒ]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: bo‧ro‧na
* Rhymes: -nɒ

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from different Slavic languages. See Proto-Slavic *borna.

#### Noun

borona (plural boronák)
* harrow (a device to smooth or break up the soil)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from a Slavic language. See Proto-Slavic *brьvьno.

#### Noun

borona (plural boronák)
* (dialectal) beam, joist
    Synonyms: gerenda, épületfa
* (dialectal) board fence
    Synonyms: deszkakerítés, palánk

##### Declension
### References

* ↑ borona in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.

### Further reading

* (tool): borona in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* (beam, joist; fence): borona in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* borona in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Spanish
### Etymology

Said to be from Celtic *borŭna. Compare Old Irish arbor n (“grain, corn”). For alternative etymologies, see the apparent cognates Asturian boroña, Old Galician-Portuguese borõa and, descended from this, Galician broa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /boˈɾona/ [boˈɾo.na]
* Audio (Spain):(file)
* Rhymes: -ona
* Syllabification: bo‧ro‧na

### Noun

borona f (plural boronas)
* millet
    Synonym: mijo
* maize; corn
    Synonym: maíz
* corn bread
* (Latin America) crumb
    Synonym: migaja

### Further reading

* “borona”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# berbicara
## Indonesian
### Etymology

ber- +‎ bicara

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bərbit͡ʃara/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

berbicara
* (intransitive) to talk; to speak
    Apakah kamu bisa berbicara bahasa Inggris? ― Do you speak English?

#### Derived terms

* bicara
* membicarakan
* pembicara
* pembicaraan

### Further reading

* “berbicara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# kit-bashed
## English
### Verb

kit-bashed
* simple past and past participle of kit-bash
# kit-bashing
## English
### Verb

kit-bashing
* present participle and gerund of kit-bash
# ألماني
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of أَلْمَانْيا (“Germany”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔal.maː.nijj/

### Adjective

أَلْمَانِيّ • (ʔalmāniyy) (feminine أَلْمَانِيَّة (ʔalmāniyya), masculine plural أَلْمَانِيُّونَ (ʔalmāniyyūna), feminine plural أَلْمَانِيَّات (ʔalmāniyyāt))
* German

#### Declension
### Noun

أَلْمَانِيّ • (ʔalmāniyy) m (plural أَلْمَانِيُّونَ (ʔalmāniyyūna), feminine أَلْمَانِيَّة (ʔalmāniyya))
* German
# foreign minister
## English
### Noun

foreign minister (plural foreign ministers)
* The cabinet official in charge of relationships with foreign nations.
    Synonyms: minister for foreign affairs, (abbreviation) FM
    Hypernyms: see Thesaurus:government minister

#### Translations
### See also

* Foreign Secretary (UK equivalent)
* Secretary of State (US equivalent)
* agriculture minister
* communications minister
* culture minister
* defence minister
* economy minister
* education minister
* energy minister
* environment minister
* finance minister
* foreign minister
* health minister
* industry minister
* interior minister
* labour minister
* minister of justice
* minister without portfolio
* science and technology minister
* social affairs minister
* sports minister
* tourism minister
* trade minister
* transport minister
# 悉に
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 悉
* つぶさ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 悉に – see the following entry. :
| 【具つぶさに】 | [adverb] in detail Alternative spelling 備に |
(This term, 悉に, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# ホワイトニング
## Japanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English whitening.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ホワイトニング [hòwáítóníńgú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞β̞a̠ito̞ɲ̟ĩŋɡɯ̟]

### Noun

ホワイトニング • (howaitoningu)
* whitening, the process of making (teeth) whiter

#### Related terms

* ホワイト (howaito)
# ホワイトリスト
## Japanese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English whitelist, equivalent to compound of ホワイト (howaito, “white”) + リスト (risuto, “list”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ホワイトリスト [hòwáítóríꜜsùtò] (Nakadaka – [5])
* IPA: [ho̞β̞a̠ito̞ɾʲisɨ̥to̞]

### Noun

ホワイトリスト • (howaitorisuto)
* whitelist

### See also

* ブラックリスト (burakkurisuto)
# 장님
## Korean
### Etymology

From Chinese 杖 (zhàng, “staff, walking stick”) +‎ 님 (-nim, honorific suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈt͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋnim]
* Phonetic hangul: [장(ː)님]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

장님 • (jangnim)
* (derogatory, offensive) blind person
    Synonyms: 시각 장애인 (sigak jang'aein), 맹인 (maeng'in)

#### Derived terms

* 눈뜬장님 (nuntteunjangnim, “ignorant person, illiterate person”)
* 장님거미 (jangnimgeomi, “harvestman”)

### References

* ↑ Martin, Samuel E., Yang Ha Lee, Sung-Un Chang (1975) A Korean-English Dictionary, New Haven: Yale University Press, page 1403.
# ついに
## Japanese

* Alternative spellings
* 遂に 終に 竟に 卒に 了に

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ついに [tsúꜜìnì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [t͡sɨiɲ̟i]

### Adverb

ついに • (tsui ni)
* finally, at last
    そしてついに口(くち)を開(ひら)いた。
       Soshite tsui ni kuchi o hiraita.
       Then she finally opened her mouth.
    ついに彼(かれ)はやって来(き)た。
       Tsui ni kare wa yatte kita.
       He finally came.
* (with a negative) in the end
# parowa
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paˈrɔ.va/
* (Greater Poland):
** (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA: /paˈrɔ.va/
* (Masovia):
** (Near Masovian) IPA: /paˈrɔ.va/
* Rhymes: -ɔva
* Syllabification: pa‧ro‧wa

### Etymology 1

See parów.

#### Noun

parowa f
* (Chełmno, Near Masovian) Alternative form of parów

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

parowa
* feminine nominative/vocative singular of parowy

### Further reading

* Gustaw Pobłocki (1887) “parowa”, in Słownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page 137
* Kazimierz Nitsch (1907) “parowa”, in “Dyalekty polskie Prus zachodnich”, in Materyały i Prace Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie (in Polish), volume 3, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 390
* Artur Gruszecki, editor (1887), “parowa”, in “Słowniczek spod Zakroczymia”, in Wisła : miesięcznik geograficzno-etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 318
# 맹인
## Korean
### Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 盲人, from 盲 (“blind”) + 人 (“person”)

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ˈmɛ(ː)ŋin] ~ [ˈme̞(ː)ŋin]
* Phonetic hangul: [맹(ː)인/멩(ː)인]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Noun

맹인 • (maeng'in) (hanja 盲人)
* Synonym of 시각 장애인 (sigak jang'aein, “blind person”)
# 下半身
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàbànshēn
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄅㄢˋ ㄕㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haa$^6$ bun$^3$ san$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ē-pòaⁿ-sin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàbànshēn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄅㄢˋ ㄕㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàbànshen
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^4$-pan$^4$-shên$^1$
*** Yale: syà-bàn-shēn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahbannshen
*** Palladius: сябаньшэнь (sjabanʹšɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pän⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàbànshēnr
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄅㄢˋ ㄕㄣㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàbànshenr
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^4$-pan$^4$-shên$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: syà-bàn-shēnr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahbannshel
*** Palladius: сябаньшэньр (sjabanʹšɛnʹr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pän⁵¹ ʂəɻ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haa$^6$ bun$^3$ san$^1$
*** Yale: hah bun sān
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haa$^6$ bun$^3$ san$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ha$^6$ bun$^3$ sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /haː²² puːn³³ sɐn⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē-pòaⁿ-sin
*** Tâi-lô: ē-puànn-sin
*** Phofsit Daibuun: expvoarsyn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /e²²⁻²¹ puã²¹⁻⁵³ sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /e⁴¹⁻²² puã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sin³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /e²²⁻²¹ puã²¹⁻⁵³ sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /e³³⁻¹¹ puã¹¹⁻⁵³ sin⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /e³³⁻²¹ puã²¹⁻⁴¹ sin⁴⁴/

### Noun

下半身
* lower half of the body; below the waist
       Nánrén dōu shì xiàbànshēn sīkǎo de dòngwù. [Pinyin]
       All men are animals which use the lower halves of their bodies to think.

#### Antonyms

* 上半身 (shàngbànshēn)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 下半身(かはんしん) (kahanshin)
* → Korean: 하반신(下半身) (habansin)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 下 | 半 | 身 |
| か Grade: 1 | はん Grade: 2 | しん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |||
Kanji in this term :
| 下 | 半 | 身 |
| しも Grade: 1 | はん Grade: 2 | しん Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi | on'yomi | on'yomi |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かはんしん [kàháꜜǹshìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])
* (Tokyo) しもはんしん [shìmóháꜜǹshìǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ka̠hã̠ɰ̃ɕĩɴ]
* IPA: [ɕimo̞hã̠ɰ̃ɕĩɴ]

### Noun

下(か)半(はん)身(しん) or 下(しも)半(はん)身(しん) • (kahanshin or shimohanshin)
* the lower half of the body
    Antonym: 上半身 (jōhanshin)
* (euphemistic) genitals

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 下 | 半 | 身 |

### Noun

下半身 • (habansin) (hangeul 하반신)
* hanja form of 하반신 (“the lower half of the body”)
# Gałczyńska
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡawˈt͡ʂɘɲ.ska/
* Rhymes: -ɘɲska
* Syllabification: Gał‧czyń‧ska

### Proper noun

Gałczyńska f (male equivalent Gałczyński)
* a female surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Gałczyńska”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# Gałas
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡa.was/
* Rhymes: -awas
* Syllabification: Ga‧łas

### Proper noun

Gałas m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Gałas f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Gałas”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# Gałuszkiewicz
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡa.wuʂˈkjɛ.vit͡ʂ/
* Rhymes: -ɛvit͡ʂ
* Syllabification: Ga‧łusz‧kie‧wicz

### Proper noun

Gałuszkiewicz m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Gałuszkiewicz f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Gałuszkiewicz”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# Gajowniczek
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡa.jɔvˈɲi.t͡ʂɛk/
* Rhymes: -it͡ʂɛk
* Syllabification: Ga‧jow‧ni‧czek

### Proper noun

Gajowniczek m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Gajowniczek f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Gajowniczek”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# Galica
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡaˈli.t͡sa/
* Rhymes: -it͡sa
* Syllabification: Ga‧li‧ca

### Proper noun

Galica m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Galica f
* a female surname

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Galica”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022