# punk
## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /pʌŋk/
* (US) IPA: /pəŋk/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌŋk

### Etymology 1

Uncertain. Possibly from punk ("rotten wood dust used as tinder", attested since 1678; see Etymology 2 below) to anything worthless (attested since 1869) and then to any undesirable person (since 1908).

#### Noun

punk (countable and uncountable, plural punks)
* (countable) A person used for sex, particularly:
** (now historical and rare) Synonym of prostitute: a person paid for sex. [1575]
*** c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:My lord, she may be a punk; for many of them are neither maid, widow, nor wife.
*** 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:[…] And made them fight, like mad or drunk, / For Dame Religion, as for punk...
*** 1671 March (first performance), [William] Wycherley, Love in a Wood, or, St James’s Park. A Comedy, […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for H[enry] Herringman, […], published 1672, →OCLC, Act II, page 22:Flip [Lady Flippant]. I love, of my life men ſhould deal freely vvith me; there are ſo fevv men vvill deal freely with one— / Sir Sim[on Addlepot]. Are you not a Fireſhip? a Punk, Madam? / Flip. VVell, Sir, I love Raillery. / Sir Sim. Faith and troth I do not railly, I deal freely.
*** 1936, Anthony Bertram, Like the Phoenix:However, terrible as it may seem to the tall maiden sisters of J.P.'s in Queen Anne houses with walled vegetable gardens, this courtesan, strumpet, harlot, whore, punk, fille de joie, street-walker, this trollop, this trull, this baggage, this hussy, this drab, skit, rig, quean, mopsy, demirep, demimondaine, this wanton, this fornicatress, this doxy, this concubine, this frail sister, this poor Queenie—did actually solicit me, did actually say 'coming home to-night, dearie' and my soul was not blasted enough to call a policeman.
** (LGBTQ, obsolete) Synonym of catamite: a boy or younger man used by an older man as a (usually passive) homosexual partner. [1698]
*** 1698, Womens Complaint to Venus:The Beaus... At night make a Punk of him that's first drunk.
** (chiefly US, LGBTQ) Synonym of bottom: any passive or effeminate homosexual male.
** (US, LGBTQ, slang) A boy who accompanies a hobo, especially as used for sex. [1893]
*** 1973, Barry Broadfoot, Ten Lost Years, 1929-1939: Memories of Canadians who survived the Depression, page 137:They'd pick up youngsters as, well—as their playthings. These kids were called punks.
** (US, LGBTQ, derogatory, chiefly African-American Vernacular) Synonym of faggot: any male homosexual. [1933]
** (US, LGBTQ, prison slang) Synonym of bitch: a man forced or coerced into a homosexual relationship, especially in prison. [1946]
*** 1946, Milton “Mezz” Mezzrow, Bernard Wolfe, “Don’t Cry, Ma”, in Really the Blues, New York, N.Y.: Random House, book 1 (1899–1923: A Nothin’ but a Child), page 15:A punk, if you want it in plain English, is a boy with smooth skin who takes the place of a woman in a jailbird's love life.
*** 2001, Joseph T. Hallinan, Going Up the River: Travels in a Prison Nation, page 106:If he is small and weak, he may decide to become a ‘punk’ and allow himself to be raped by the inmate most likely to protect him.
    Because he was so weak, Vinny soon became Tony's punk.
* (countable, US slang) A worthless person, particularly: [1904]
** 1933, Ernest Hemingway, Winner Take Nothing, page 94:This fellow was just a punk... a nobody.
** (humorous, rare) Synonym of fellow: any person, especially a male comrade. [1904]
** (derogatory) A petty criminal, especially a juvenile delinquent. [1908]
*** 1908 October 18, New York Times, page 9:He said the prisoner called them ‘punk’... He admitted that he shouted ‘punk’ to them.
*** 1963, Thomas Pynchon, :w:V., page 145:There was nothing so special about the gang, punks are punks.
*** 1971, Harry Julian Fink et al., Dirty Harry, spoken by Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood):I know what you're thinking. "Did he fire six shots or only five?" Well, to tell you the truth, in all this excitement I've kinda lost track myself. But being as this is a .44 Magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world, and would blow your head clean off, you've got to ask yourself one question: Do I feel lucky? Well, do ya, punk?
** (derogatory) Synonym of sissy: a weak, timid person. [1939]
*** 1950, Hal Ellson, Tomboy, page 12:Do you think a little thing like a scratch would bother me? I'm no punk.
*** 2006, Kali James, Can U Get Away?, page 17:Taking him home she hemmed him up soon as they stepped in the door. Now Tony was a bad dude in the streets but when it came to his mama, he was a punk. A few cuss words on her part had him spilling everything.
** Synonym of amateur. [1923]
** (circus slang) A young, untrained animal or worker. [1926]
* (uncountable, music) Short for punk rock, a genre known for short, loud, energetic songs with electric guitars and strong drums. [1970]
** 1972 November, L. Bangs, Creem, page 68:Who else... would have the nerve to actually begin a song with the line ‘Whatchew gonna do, mama, now that the roast beef's gone...?’ Man, that is true punk; that is so fucked up it's got class up the ass.
* (uncountable, science fiction) Any of the punk genres: dieselpunk, solarpunk, steampunk etc.
* (countable) Short for punk rocker, a musician known for playing punk rock or a fan of the genre. [1976]
    My girlfriend is a punk and she plays the drums.
** 1995, Nick Hornby, High Fidelity, London: Victor Gollancz, →ISBN, page 22:But I still felt a fraud. I was like all those people who suddenly shaved their heads and said they'd always been punks, they'd been punks before punk was even thought of […]
* (uncountable) The larger nonconformist social movement associated with punk rock and its fans.

##### Usage notes

* In its sense as a punk rocker, sometimes given the informal plural form punx.

##### Synonyms

* (male homosexual senses): See Thesaurus:male homosexual
* (older male's boy companion): gunsel
* (juvenile delinquent): trouble-maker, hoodlum, hooligan
* (prison sex slave): prison bitch

##### Descendants

* → Russian: панк (pank)
** → Georgian: панк
* → Ukrainian: панк (pank)

##### Translations
#### Adjective

punk (comparative punker, superlative punkest)
* (US, colloquial) Worthless, contemptible, particularly [1907]
** Bad, substandard.
*** 1922, Sinclair Lewis, “3”, in Babbitt, page 30:Babbitt boomed on: "Pretty punk service the Company giving us on these car-lines. Nonsense to only run the Portland Road cars once every seven minutes. Fellow gets mighty cold on a winter morning, waiting on a street corner with the wind nipping at his ankles."
** Thuggish, criminal.
** (chiefly African-American Vernacular) Cowardly. [1930]
*** 2018, Damon Jones, “Just Remember That Your Punk-Ass President Would Never, Ever, Ever Call LeBron James Dumb to His Face”, in The Root‎:... Donald Trump is also a coward. For all of his tough talk and bluster, the president of the United States is a punk ass bitch.
** Poorly, sickly.
*** 1922, Sinclair Lewis, “1”, in Babbitt, page 10:With the subtleties of dressing ran other complex worries. "I feel kind of punk this morning," he said. "I think I had too much dinner last evening. You oughtn't to serve those heavy banana fritters."
** Inexperienced.
* Of or concerning punk rock or its associated subculture. [1971]
    You look very punk with your t-shirt, piercing, and chains.
** 2017 March 26, Rob Davies, “BrewDog accused of hypocrisy after forcing pub to change name”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:BrewDog, the craft beer company that prides itself on a “punk” ethos, has been accused of acting like “just another multinational corporate machine” after forcing a family-run pub to change its name or face legal action.

#### Verb

punk (third-person singular simple present punks, present participle punking, simple past and past participle punked)
* (slang) To pimp.
* (slang, transitive) To forcibly perform anal sex upon (an unwilling partner).
    Ricky punked his new cell-mates.
** 1934, James T. Farrell, chapter 19, in The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan:"Hell, Haggerty, with that caved-in chest you got, and with your guts pickled in alcohol, and a leg and a half in the grave, the Navy wouldn't even take you for punkin', Barney sourly said.
** 2022 April 30, @GisUsIsReal, Twitter:If you start to stare at men's asses, to try & punk them in their moments with God; you are an enemy of God! Anyone looking upon a man as though a woman is in danger of judgement! -<><
* (slang, transitive) To prank.
    I got expelled when I punked the principal.
* (especially with "out") To give up or concede; to act like a wimp.
    Jimmy was going to help me with the prank, but he punked (out) at the last minute.
* (transitive, often with "out" or "up") To adapt or embellish in the style of the punk movement.
** 1992, Dana Stabenow, A Cold Day for Murder, →ISBN, page 60:Suzy, a pump young woman with sparkling brown eyes and punked hair tucked behind her ears, said blankly, "What?"
** 2011, David Nichols, The Go-Betweens, →ISBN, page 60:Like the Apartments, the supports hadn't written many songs of their own. They ran on that old standby, “fun,” in the form of “punked up” versions of pop songs like “It's my Party,” alongside obscure new wave/punk covers such as Lene Lovich's “Cuckoo Clock.”
** 2016, Michael Croland, Oy Oy Oy Gevalt! Jews and Punk: Jews and Punk, →ISBN, page 59:Their raucous take on the beloved, iconic Israeli folk song allegedly drew the ire of the songwriter, Naomi Shemer, and inspired Yidcore to punk up Jewish culture in myriad ways over the course of the next decade.

##### Usage notes

* The relatively tame 21st century usage of punk to mean "prank" was popularized by the American television show Punk'd. Until as recently as the late 20th century, punk still connoted rape or submitting to anal rape (punk out). The second use of the term punk-out is now comparable to acting like a pussy and mildly implies submissive behavior in general.

##### Synonyms

* (to pimp): hustle, prostitute; see also Thesaurus:pimp out

#### Derived terms

* Afropunk
* anarcho-punk
* antipunk
* art punk
* atompunk
* bindle punk
* biopunk
* Celtic punk
* clockpunk
* country punk
* cowpunk
* crust punk
* cyberpunk
* cypherpunk
* deathpunk
* dieselpunk
* edupunk
* electropunk
* folk-punk
* folk punk
* garage-punk
* garage punk
* genderpunk
* glam punk
* hardcore punk
* hinkypunk
* horror punk
* hunky punk
* industrial punk
* mannerpunk
* neopunk
* pickled punk
* pop-punk
* pop punk
* positive punk
* postpunk
* post-punk
* post-punk revival
* prepunk
* protopunk
* punkabilly
* punkadelic
* punk-ass
* punk-blues
* punkdom
* punked
* punker
* punkette
* punkily
* punking
* punkish
* punkitude
* punk jazz
* punk-jazz
* punk-like
* punklike
* punkling
* punk music
* punk out
* punk rock
* punk rocker
* punks out
* punkster
* punky
* punkzine
* punk zine
* sailpunk
* sandalpunk
* seapunk
* ska punk
* ska-punk
* skatepunk
* skate punk
* splatterpunk
* steampunk
* surf punk
* surfpunk
* synthpunk
* technopunk
* unpunk

### Etymology 2

Unclear; first attested circa 1680 in writings about Native American practices, probably from Unami punkw (“dust”), though it has also been suggested it could be an alteration of spunk (“tinder”) (compare funk (“rotten wood”)).

#### Noun

punk (countable and uncountable, plural punks)
* (uncountable) Any material used as tinder for lighting fires, such as agaric, dried wood, or touchwood, but especially wood altered by certain fungi.
** 1707, John Clayton (botanist), Virginia in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London XLI, page 149:
    As the East-Indians use Moxa, so these burn with Punk, which is the inward Part of the Excrescence or Exuberance of an Oak.
** 1756, John Bartram, edited by William Darlington, Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall, published 1849:If they attack a house that is pretty well manned, they [Indians in Pennsylvania] creep behind some fence, or hedge, or tree, and shoot red-hot iron slugs, or punk, into the roof, and fire the house […]
** 1899, H. B. Cushman, History of the Choctaw, Chickasaw and Natchez Indians, page 271:On one occasion a venerable old Indian man, who, in order to light his pipe, was trying to catch a spark upon a piece of punk struck from his flint and steel; ...
** 1922, Harry Ignatius Marshall, The Karen People of Burma, page 61:The oil is mixed with bits of dry wood or punk and moulded into sticks about a cubit long and an inch in diameter by putting it into joints of small bamboo.
** 2001, William W. Johnstone, War of the Mountain Man, page 116:He made him a little smoldering pocket of punk to light the fuses and waited.
* (countable) A utensil for lighting wicks or fuses (such as those of fireworks) resembling stick incense.
** 1907, Jack London, The Road‎:On the end a coal of fire slowly smouldered. It would last for hours, and my cell-mate called it a "punk."
** 1994, Ashland Price, Viking Tempest, page 353:Then, without another word, he rose and left the shelter, apparently in order to light the vessel's wick with a punk from the dying campfire.
** 2004, Shawn Shiflett, Hidden Place, page 221:He raised the cylinder high in the air with his bare hand, used a punk to light the fuse, and KABOOM!

### References

* ↑ “punk”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
* 1 2 “punk”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* ↑ Lenape Talking Dictionary, punkw
* ↑ Robert K. Barnhart (editor), The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology (H. W. Wilson, 1988), page 864: "Probably borrowed from Algonquian (Delaware) ponk, literally, living ashes."
* “punk, n.¹ and adj.².”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

## Catalan
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English punk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈpaŋ]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈpaŋk]

### Noun

punk m (plural punks)
* punk (“punk rock, punk rocker”)

#### Related terms

* ciberpunk

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English punk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pʏŋk/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: punk

### Noun

punk m (uncountable)
* (music) punk, punk rock (rock genre)
    Synonym: punkrock

#### Derived terms

* punkband
* punker
* punkkapsel
* punkrock

### Noun

punk m (plural punks)
* (uncommon, music) a punk (member of the punk subculture, fan of punk rock)
    Synonym: punker

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from English punk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pœŋk/

### Noun

punk m (plural punks)
* punk

### Adjective

punk (feminine punke, masculine plural punks, feminine plural punkes)
* punk

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* pønk

### Etymology

Borrowed from English punk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pøŋk/

### Noun

punk m (definite singular punken, uncountable)
* punk music
    Synonyms: punkrock, pønkrock

### References

* “punk” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* pønk

### Etymology

Borrowed from English punk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pøŋk/

### Noun

punk m (definite singular punken, uncountable)
* punk music
    Synonyms: punkrock, pønkrock

### References

* “punk” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* pank

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English punk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpaŋk/
* Rhymes: -aŋk
* Syllabification: punk

### Noun

punk m inan
* (music) punk (social and musical movement)
* (music) punk, punk rock (subgenre of rock music)

#### Declension
### Noun

punk m pers
* (music) punk, punk rocker (person who plays punk rock)
    Synonyms: punkowiec, punkrockowiec
* (music) punk, punk rocker (person who is a fan of punk rock)
    Synonyms: punkowiec, punkrockowiec

#### Derived terms

* punkowy
* punkowiec
* punkówa
* punkować

#### Related terms

* punkrockowy
* punkrockowiec

### Further reading

* punk in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* punk in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English punk.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɐ̃.ki/, /ˈpɐ̃k/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɐ̃.ki/, /ˈpɐ̃k/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈpɐ̃k/, /ˈpɐ̃.ki/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈpɐ̃k/

### Noun

punk m (uncountable)
* punk (a social and musical movement)
* punk; punk rock (a subgenre of rock music)
** 2004, Nécio Turra Neto, Enterrado vivo: identidade punk e território em Londrina, SciELO - Ed. UNESP, →ISBN, page 200:A MTV, revistas especializadas, lojas de discos também estão divulgando o punk (contra a vontade de muitos deles/as).(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Noun

punk m or f by sense (plural punks)
* punk (a member of the punk movement or fan of punk rock)

### Adjective

punk (invariable)
* (relational) punk (relating to punk music or culture)
* (Brazil, slang, of a thing or situation) complicated, difficult, tense
    Hoje o dia vai ser punk.Today is going to be complicated.

## Romanian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English punk.

### Adjective

punk m or f or n (indeclinable)
* punk

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English punk.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpunk/ [ˈpũŋk]
** Rhymes: -unk
** Syllabification: punk
* IPA: (nonstandard) /ˈpank/ [ˈpãŋk]

### Noun

punk m (plural punks)
* punk (a member of the punk movement or fan of punk rock)

#### Derived terms

* anarcopunk

#### Related terms

* punki

### Further reading

* “punk”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* Diccionario panhispánico de dudas

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English punk.

### Noun

punk c
* punk rock
    Synonym: punkrock
    De lirar punkThey play punk rock
* punk (nonconformist social movement)

#### Derived terms

* punkare (“member of the punk subculture”)
* trallpunk

### References

* punk in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* punk in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)