# 彈

| 彈 | U+5F48, &#24392; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F48 |
| ← 彇 [U+5F47] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 彉 → [U+5F49] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 彈 |
| Shinjitai | 弾 |
| Simplified | 弹 |

### Han character

彈 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 弓口口十 (NRRJ), four-corner 1625$_6$, composition ⿰弓單)

#### Derived characters

* 𤻾

#### Related characters

* 弾 (Japanese shinjitai)
* 弹 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 360, character 45
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9865
* Dae Jaweon: page 678, character 33
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1002, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5F48

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 彈 :
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 嚲 | *taːlʔ |
| 癉 | *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn |
| 奲 | *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ |
| 驒 | *daːl, *daːn, *teːn |
| 鼉 | *daːl |
| 磾 | *teːl |
| 鷤 | *deːl, *deːls, *daːn |
| 觶 | *tjal, *tjals |
| 單 | *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans |
| 鄲 | *taːn |
| 殫 | *taːn |
| 簞 | *taːn |
| 匰 | *taːn |
| 襌 | *taːn |
| 彈 | *daːn, *daːns |
| 貚 | *daːn, *deːn |
| 撣 | *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ |
| 潬 | *daːnʔ |
| 僤 | *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan |
| 憚 | *daːns |
| 樿 | *tjanʔ |
| 燀 | *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ |
| 戰 | *tjans |
| 闡 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 繟 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 幝 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 嘽 | *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ |
| 灛 | *tʰjanʔ |
| 蟬 | *djan |
| 禪 | *djan, *djans |
| 嬋 | *djan |
| 墠 | *djanʔ |
| 鱓 | *djanʔ |
| 蕇 | *teːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daːn, *daːns): semantic 弓 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).

### Etymology
#### "to shoot pellets at; to play (a stringed instrument)"

    Probably related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tal (“bow”) (Schuessler, 2007).
    Pronunciation 2 ("bow for shooting pellets" > "pellet") is a general derivation of pronunciation 1 "to shoot pellets at".

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tán (tan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daan$^6$ / taan$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thàn
* Eastern Min (BUC): dàng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tân / tôaⁿ / tōaⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): duan$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$de
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^2$
*** Yale: tán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daan$^6$ / taan$^4$
*** Yale: daahn / tàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daan$^6$ / taan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dan$^6$ / tan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːn²²/, /tʰaːn²¹/
* daan6 - to catapult, to flick, to spring, to be elastic;
* taan4 - to play (an instrument), to accuse.
* Middle Chinese: dan
Rime :
| Character | 彈 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒干切 |
| Baxter | dan |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dan/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑn/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | taan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.dˤar/, /*[d]ˤar/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 彈 | 彈 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tán | tán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dan › | ‹ dan › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.dˁar/ | /*[d]ˁar/ |
| English | shoot pellets | shoot pellets |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 彈 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 2003 |
| Phonetic component | 單 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 壇 |
| Old Chinese | /*daːn/ |

#### Definitions

彈
* to shoot (with a slingshot); to catapult; to eject
* to flick; to fluff; to strike
* (music) to play (a stringed musical instrument)
    彈琴／弹琴 ― tánqín ― to play stringed instruments or piano
* to spring; to leap; to be elastic
* to accuse; to criticise; to expose
    彈劾／弹劾 ― tánhé ― to impeach
    糾彈／纠弹 ― jiūtán ― to denounce publicly; to censure formally
* (traditional Chinese medicine) to puncture
* (of tear) to fall
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to weigh
* (Eastern Min) to shine
* (Eastern Min) to look at oneself in the mirror
* (Southern Min) to blather; to speak nonsense

#### Compounds

* 一彈指 / 一弹指
* 丈夫有淚不輕彈 / 丈夫有泪不轻弹 (zhàngfū yǒu lèi bù qīng tán)
* 亂彈 / 乱弹 (luàntán)
* 以珠彈雀 / 以珠弹雀
* 偷彈珠淚 / 偷弹珠泪
* 光陰彈指 / 光阴弹指
* 冇得彈 / 冇得弹
* 動彈 / 动弹 (dòngtán)
* 動彈不得 / 动弹不得
* 包彈 / 包弹
* 反彈 / 反弹 (fǎntán)
* 反彈琵琶 / 反弹琵琶
* 古調獨彈 / 古调独弹
* 吹彈 / 吹弹
* 品竹彈絲 / 品竹弹丝
* 宓子賤彈鳴琴 / 宓子贱弹鸣琴
* 對牛彈琴 / 对牛弹琴 (duìniútánqín)
* 彈冠 / 弹冠 (tánguān)
* 彈冠振衣 / 弹冠振衣
* 彈冠相慶 / 弹冠相庆 (tánguānxiāngqìng)
* 彈冠結綬 / 弹冠结绶
* 彈剝 / 弹剥
* 彈力 / 弹力 (tánlì)
* 彈劾 / 弹劾 (tánhé)
* 彈劾權 / 弹劾权
* 彈劾無私 / 弹劾无私
* 彈包 / 弹包
* 彈唱 / 弹唱 (tánchàng)
* 彈塗魚 / 弹涂鱼 (tántúyú)
* 彈壓 / 弹压 (tányā)
* 彈奏 / 弹奏 (tánzòu)
* 彈子 / 弹子
* 彈射 / 弹射 (tánshè)
* 彈布爾 / 弹布尔
* 彈弄 / 弹弄
* 彈性 / 弹性 (tánxìng)
* 彈性上班 / 弹性上班
* 彈性勢能 / 弹性势能 (tánxìng shìnéng)
* 彈性工時 / 弹性工时
* 彈性放假 / 弹性放假 (tánxìng fàngjià)
* 彈性模數 / 弹性模数
* 彈性疲乏 / 弹性疲乏
* 彈性纖維 / 弹性纤维
* 彈性製造系統 / 弹性制造系统
* 彈性限度 / 弹性限度
* 彈指 / 弹指 (tánzhǐ)
* 彈指之間 / 弹指之间
* 彈指神功 / 弹指神功
* 彈掙 / 弹挣
* 彈斤估兩 / 弹斤估两
* 彈棋 / 弹棋
* 彈治 / 弹治
* 彈牙 / 弹牙 (tányá)
* 彈琴 / 弹琴 (tánqín)
* 彈琵琶 / 弹琵琶
* 彈票 / 弹票 (tánpiào)
* 彈空說嘴 / 弹空说嘴
* 彈簧 / 弹簧 (tánhuáng)
* 彈簧刀 / 弹簧刀 (tánhuángdāo)
* 彈簧床 / 弹簧床 (tánhuángchuáng)
* 彈簧秤 / 弹簧秤 (tánhuángchèng)
* 彈簧鋼 / 弹簧钢 (tánhuánggāng)
* 彈簧門 / 弹簧门 (tánhuángmén)
* 彈絲品竹 / 弹丝品竹
* 彈腿 / 弹腿
* 彈觔估兩 / 弹斤估两
* 彈詞 / 弹词 (táncí)
* 彈跳 / 弹跳 (tántiào)
* 彈針 / 弹针
* 彈鋏 / 弹铗
* 彈鋏無魚 / 弹铗无鱼
* 彈音 / 弹音 (tányīn)
* 彈章 / 弹章
* 彈駁 / 弹驳
* 彈黃調 / 弹黄调
* 所得彈性 / 所得弹性
* 抨彈 / 抨弹
* 揚州彈詞 / 扬州弹词
* 搊彈詞 / 𫼝弹词
* 新沐者必彈冠，新浴者必振衣 / 新沐者必弹冠，新浴者必振衣
* 明珠彈雀 / 明珠弹雀
* 星點彈塗 / 星点弹涂
* 沒包彈 / 没包弹
* 沒彈剝 / 没弹剥
* 濯纓彈冠 / 濯缨弹冠
* 王貢彈冠 / 王贡弹冠
* 珠淚偷彈 / 珠泪偷弹
* 男兒有淚不輕彈 / 男儿有泪不轻弹 (nán'ér yǒu lèi bù qīng tán)
* 百彈齋主 / 百弹斋主
* 糾彈 / 纠弹 (jiūtán)
* 老調重彈 / 老调重弹 (lǎodiàochóngtán)
* 聯彈 / 联弹
* 舊調重彈 / 旧调重弹 (jiùdiàochóngtán)
* 蘇州彈詞 / 苏州弹词
* 蘇州評彈 / 苏州评弹
* 褒彈 / 褒弹
* 評彈 / 评弹 (píngtán)
* 貢禹彈冠 / 贡禹弹冠
* 間繞式彈簧 / 间绕式弹簧
* 隨珠彈雀 / 随珠弹雀
* 馮諼彈鋏 / 冯谖弹铗
* 高空彈跳 / 高空弹跳 (gāokōng tántiào)
* 鳴彈 / 鸣弹
* 黃連樹下彈琴 / 黄连树下弹琴

### Pronunciation 2

* 彈
* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dàn (dan$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дан (dan, III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daan$^6$ / daan$^{6-2}$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thàn
* Eastern Min (BUC): dâng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tôaⁿ / tōaⁿ / tân / tān / thân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tang$^5$ / duain$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$de
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
*** Wade–Giles: tan$^4$
*** Yale: dàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
*** Palladius: дань (danʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tän⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дан (dan, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /tæ̃⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daan$^6$ / daan$^{6-2}$
*** Yale: daahn / dáan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daan$^6$ / daan$^{6-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dan$^6$ / dan$^{6-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːn²²/, /taːn²²⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: tan$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰan¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dâng
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tôaⁿ / tōaⁿ / tân / tān / thân
*** Tâi-lô: tuânn / tuānn / tân / tān / thân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dvoaa, dvoa, daan, dan, taan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tuã²⁴/, /tuã²²/, /tan²⁴/, /tan²²/, /tʰan²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã²⁴/, /tuã⁴¹/, /tan²⁴/, /tan⁴¹/, /tʰan²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã¹³/, /tuã²²/, /tan¹³/, /tan²²/, /tʰan¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tuã²⁴/, /tuã³³/, /tan²⁴/, /tan³³/, /tʰan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã²³/, /tuã³³/, /tan²³/, /tan³³/, /tʰan²³/
* tôaⁿ, tōaⁿ - vernacular;
* tân, tān, thân - literary.
* Middle Chinese: danH
Rime :
| Character | 彈 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒案切 |
| Baxter | danH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dan$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | daan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤar-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 彈 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dan$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[d]ˁar-s/ |
| English | pellet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 彈 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 2013 |
| Phonetic component | 單 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 憚 |
| Old Chinese | /*daːns/ |

#### Definitions

彈
* shot; pellet
* slingshot
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 蛋 (dàn, “egg”)
* bullet; shot
    子彈／子弹 ― zǐdàn ― bullet
* bomb; shell

#### Compounds

* 中子彈 / 中子弹 (zhōngzǐdàn)
* 中彈 / 中弹 (zhòngdàn)
* 信號彈 / 信号弹 (xìnhàodàn)
* 催淚彈 / 催泪弹 (cuīlèidàn)
* 光纖飛彈 / 光纤飞弹
* 北極星飛彈 / 北极星飞弹
* 原子彈 / 原子弹 (yuánzǐdàn)
* 反飛彈 / 反飞弹
* 塑膠炸彈 / 塑胶炸弹
* 子彈 / 子弹 (zǐdàn)
* 定時炸彈 / 定时炸弹 (dìngshí zhàdàn)
* 宣傳彈 / 宣传弹
* 實彈射擊 / 实弹射击
* 實心彈 / 实心弹
* 導向飛彈 / 导向飞弹 (dǎoxiàng fēidàn)
* 導彈 / 导弹 (dǎodàn)
* 彈丸 / 弹丸
* 彈丸之地 / 弹丸之地 (dànwánzhīdì)
* 彈坑 / 弹坑 (dànkēng)
* 彈子 / 弹子
* 彈子房 / 弹子房
* 彈子檯 / 弹子台
* 彈弓 / 弹弓 (dàngōng)
* 彈殼 / 弹壳 (dànké)
* 彈無虛發 / 弹无虚发
* 彈片 / 弹片 (dànpiàn)
* 彈珠 / 弹珠 (dànzhū)
* 彈珠檯 / 弹珠台
* 彈痕分析 / 弹痕分析
* 彈盡援絕 / 弹尽援绝 (dànjìnyuánjué)
* 彈盡糧絕 / 弹尽粮绝 (dànjìnliángjué)
* 彈著點 / 弹著点
* 彈藥 / 弹药 (dànyào)
* 彈道 / 弹道 (dàndào)
* 彈道飛彈 / 弹道飞弹 (dàndào fēidàn)
* 彈雨 / 弹雨
* 彈頭 / 弹头 (dàntóu)
* 愛國者飛彈 / 爱国者飞弹
* 手榴彈 / 手榴弹 (shǒuliúdàn)
* 打彈 / 打弹
* 打彈子 / 打弹子 (dǎdànzi)
* 打彈珠 / 打弹珠
* 投彈 / 投弹 (tóudàn)
* 挖地彈 / 挖地弹
* 擲彈筒 / 掷弹筒
* 斑鳩跌彈 / 斑鸠跌弹
* 曳光彈 / 曳光弹 (yèguāngdàn)
* 核彈頭 / 核弹头 (hédàntóu)
* 械彈 / 械弹
* 槍彈 / 枪弹 (qiāngdàn)
* 榴彈 / 榴弹 (liúdàn)
* 榴彈炮 / 榴弹炮 (liúdànpào)
* 槍林彈雨 / 枪林弹雨 (qiānglíndànyǔ)
* 榴霰彈 / 榴霰弹
* 氣爆彈 / 气爆弹
* 氫彈 / 氢弹 (qīngdàn)
* 汽油彈 / 汽油弹 (qìyóudàn)
* 油氣彈 / 油气弹
* 流彈 / 流弹 (liúdàn)
* 洲際飛彈 / 洲际飞弹
* 深水炸彈 / 深水炸弹 (shēnshuǐ zhàdàn)
* 潛水炸彈 / 潜水炸弹
* 火山彈 / 火山弹 (huǒshāndàn)
* 火箭彈 / 火箭弹 (huǒjiàndàn)
* 炸彈 / 炸弹 (zhàdàn)
* 炮彈 / 炮弹 (pàodàn)
* 煙幕彈 / 烟幕弹 (yānmùdàn)
* 照明彈 / 照明弹 (zhàomíngdàn)
* 燒夷彈 / 烧夷弹
* 燃燒彈 / 燃烧弹 (ránshāodàn)
* 班鳩跌彈 / 班鸠跌弹
* 瓦斯彈 / 瓦斯弹
* 硝煙彈雨 / 硝烟弹雨
* 空包彈 / 空包弹 (kōngbāodàn)
* 穿甲彈 / 穿甲弹
* 糖衣炮彈 / 糖衣炮弹 (tángyī pàodàn)
* 紙彈 / 纸弹
* 義勇兵飛彈 / 义勇兵飞弹
* 肉彈 / 肉弹 (ròudàn)
* 色彈 / 色弹
* 荷槍實彈 / 荷枪实弹 (hèqiāngshídàn)
* 葡萄炸彈 / 葡萄炸弹
* 蠟彈 / 蜡弹
* 見彈求鴞 / 见弹求鸮
* 見彈而求鴞炙 / 见弹而求鸮炙
* 跌了彈的斑鳩 / 跌了弹的斑鸠
* 跳彈 / 跳弹
* 巡弋飛彈 / 巡弋飞弹 (xúnyì fēidàn)
* 達姆達姆彈 / 达姆达姆弹
* 郵寄炸彈 / 邮寄炸弹
* 鈽彈 / 钸弹
* 銀彈 / 银弹 (yíndàn)
* 鋼彈 / 钢弹
* 鎗彈 / 枪弹
* 鎗榴彈 / 枪榴弹
* 防彈衣 / 防弹衣 (fángdànyī)
* 防空飛彈 / 防空飞弹
* 震撼彈 / 震撼弹 (zhènhàndàn)
* 霰彈 / 霰弹 (xiàndàn)
* 響尾蛇飛彈 / 响尾蛇飞弹
* 飛彈 / 飞弹 (fēidàn)
* 飛彈快艇 / 飞弹快艇
* 飛毛腿飛彈 / 飞毛腿飞弹
* 飛魚飛彈 / 飞鱼飞弹
* 飲彈 / 饮弹 (yǐndàn)
* 高爆彈 / 高爆弹
* 鷹式飛彈 / 鹰式飞弹

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: đạn (彈)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 弾 |
| Kyūjitai | 彈 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 弾)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: だん (dan)
* Kan-on: たん (tan)
* Kun: たま (tama, 彈)、はじく (hajiku, 彈)、はずむ (hazumu, 彈む)、ひく (hiku, 彈く)

## Korean
### Hanja

彈 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 爆彈 (폭탄, poktan)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

彈: Hán Nôm readings: đạn, đàn, đằn, đan, đận, rờn

### Noun

(classifier 丸 (viên)) 彈
* chữ Hán form of đạn (“(firearms) a bullet”).

#### Derived terms

* 彈炮 (đạn pháo)
* 彈藥 (đạn dược)
* 榴彈 (lựu đạn)