# fume
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English fume, from Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”), from Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), from *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Doublet of thymus and thymos. More at dun, dusk, dust.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /fjuːm/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːm

### Noun

fume (plural fumes)
* A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale.
    Don't stand around in there breathing the fumes while the adhesive cures.
** 1753, Thomas Warton, Ode:the fumes of new-shorn hay
* A material that has been vaporized from the solid or liquid state to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state.
    Lead fume is a greyish powder, mainly comprising lead sulfate.
* Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control.
** 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:The Fumes of his Passion do as really intoxicate and confound his judging and discerning Faculty , as the Fumes of Drink discompose and stupify the Brain of a Man over - charged with it.
** 1855 December – 1857 June, Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC:In his execution of this mission, Mr Tinkler perhaps expressed that Mr Dorrit was in a raging fume.
* Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.
** a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC:a show of fumes and fancies
* The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.
** 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:to smother him with fumes and eulogies
* (obsolete) A passionate person.

#### Usage notes

* In the sense of strong-smelling or dangerous vapor, the noun is typically plural, as in the example.

#### Derived terms

* exhaust fume
* fumacious
* fume cupboard
* fumed
* fume date
* fume hood
* fumeless
* fumelike
* fumewort
* fumish
* fumivorous
* fumulus
* fumy

#### Translations
### Verb

fume (third-person singular simple present fumes, present participle fuming, simple past and past participle fumed)
* (transitive) To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints.
* (transitive) To apply or offer incense to.
** 1740, John Dyer, “The Ruins of Rome. A Poem.”, in Poems. [...] Viz. I. Grongar Hill. II. The Ruins of Rome. III. The Fleece, in Four Books, London: Printed by John Hughs, for Messrs. R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1759, →OCLC, pages 42–43:Tyrian garbs, / Neptunian Albion's high teſtaceous food [i.e., oysters], / And flavour'd Chian wines with incenſe fum'd / To ſlake Patrician thirſt: for theſe, their rights / In the vile ſtreets they proſtitute to ſale; / Their ancient rights, their dignities, their laws, / Their native glorious freedom.
* (intransitive) To emit fumes.
** 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:where the golden altar fumed
** a. 1686, Earl of Roscommon [i.e., Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon], Samuel Johnson, “Virgil’s Sixth Eclogue, Silenus”, in The Works of the English Poets. With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, […], volumes X (The Poems of Rochester, Roscommon, and Yalden), London: […] E. Cox; for C. Bathurst, […], published 1779, page 234, →OCLC:Young Chromis and Mnaſylus chanc'd to ſtray / Where (ſleeping in a cave) Silenus lay, / Whoſe conſtant cups fly fuming to his brain, / And always boil in each extended vein; / His truſty flaggon, full of potent juice, / Was hanging by, worn thin with age and uſe; [...]
* (intransitive) To pass off in fumes or vapours.
** 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC:whose parts are kept from fuming away, not only by their fixity […]
* (intransitive or reporting verb, figuratively) To express or feel great anger.
    He’s still fuming about the argument they had yesterday.
** 1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite: Or, The Knight’s Tale. In Three Books.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.
** 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “(please specify the introduction or canto number, or chapter name)”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC:Her mother did fret, and her father did fume.
** 1995 March 3, The Oregonian, page 21:His strong stand has made him a lightning rod for criticism by rail proponents, including some of his own friends. Herb Bridge […] is among Freeman's critics on the rail issue. " […] I think he has an elitist attitude and doesn't want poor people in his mall," fumed Bridge, who operates a store in Freeman's mall.
* (intransitive, figuratively) To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.
** c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:Keep his brain fuming.

#### Derived terms

* fuming sulfuric acid

#### Translations
## Asturian
### Verb

fume
* first-person singular present subjunctive of fumar
* third-person singular present subjunctive of fumar

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fym/
* Homophones: fument, fumes, fûmes

### Verb

fume
* inflection of fumer:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* meuf

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* fumo

### Etymology

Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese fumo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fūmus, although the final vowel could imply an Old French borrowing. Cognate with Portuguese fumo and Spanish humo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfumɪ]

### Noun

fume m (plural fumes)
* smoke
** c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 209:coyda que o bafo et fume daquel fogo que ensuzou et [empoçoou] as agoas et aterra dalyhe thinks that the fumes and the smoke of that fire defiled and poisoned the waters and the soil there
** 1348, J. Méndez Pérez & al. (eds.), El monasterio de San Salvador de Chantada, Santiago de Compostela: I. Padre Sarmiento, page 326:
    a vida deste mundo he asy como a sonbra, et quando ome se deleyta en ella he asy como o fumo' que se vay logothe life in this world is like the shadow, and when a man delight in it is like the smoke, which soon goes away
* fume
    Synonyms: bafo, vapor
* (figurative, in the plural) haughtiness

#### Related terms

* afumar
* fumador
* fumar
* fumaxe
* fumegar
* fumeiro

### Verb

fume
* inflection of fumar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “fume”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “fume”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “fume”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “fume”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “fume”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Latin
### Noun

fūme
* vocative singular of fūmus

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fūmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.

#### Alternative forms

* fwme, feum, fewme

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fiu̯m/

#### Noun

fume (plural fumes)
* Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke.
* Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation.
* (physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings.
* (rare) An airborne scent or odour.

##### Related terms

* fumen
* fumerelle
* fumosite
* fumous
* fumygacioun
* fumyter

##### Descendants

* English: fume
* Scots: fume

##### References

* “fūme, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-03.

### Etymology 2

From Old French fumer.

#### Verb

fume
* Alternative form of fumen

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Verb

fume (present tense fumar, past tense fuma, past participle fuma, passive infinitive fumast, present participle fumande, imperative fume/fum)
* (pre-2012) alternative form of fomme

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfũ.mi/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈfũ.mi/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈfu.me/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈfu.mɨ/

### Verb

fume
* inflection of fumar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Verb

fume
* inflection of fumar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Tarantino
### Noun

fume
* smoke