# si-
## Choctaw
### Prefix

si- (except before a/o sa-, class II first-person singular)
* the direct object of an active transitive verb
    me
* the subject of a stative intransitive verb
    I
* indicates possession of a noun
    my

#### Usage notes

Class II person markers are used for possession only for a small set of words, mostly including kinship terms and body parts.

#### Inflection

| | | | class I | class I | class I | class II | class II | class III | class III | class N | class N | imperative | imperative |
| | | | +s | +C | +V | +C/i | +a/o | +C | +V | +C | +V | +C | +V |
| first-person | singular | initial | -li | -li | -li | sa- | si- | a̱- | am- | ak- | ak- | n/a | n/a |
| first-person | singular | medial | -li | -li | -li | sa- | si- | -sa- | -sam- | ak- | ak- | n/a | n/a |
| first-person | paucal | paucal | ī- | ī- | il- | pi- | pi- | pi̱- | pim- | kī- | kil- | n/a | n/a |
| first-person | plural | plural | ī- | ī- | il- | hapi- | hapi- | hapi̱- | hapim- | kī- | kil- | n/a | n/a |
| second-person | singular | singular | is- | ish- | ish- | chi- | chi- | chi̱- | chim- | chik- | chik- | ∅ | ∅ |
| second-person | plural | plural | has- | hash- | hash- | hachi- | hachi- | hachi̱- | hachim- | hachik- | hachik- | ho- | oh- |
| third-person | third-person | third-person | ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | i̱- | im- | ik- | ik- | | |

## Chuukese
### Prefix

si-
* First-person plural inclusive subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.

## Navajo
### Etymology 1
#### Prefix

si-
* Forms neuter perfective (adjectival) verbs

##### Derived terms
#### References

* Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr. (1987) The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, page 684.

### Etymology 2
#### Prefix

si-
* my, me

##### Usage notes

This is an alternative form of shi- which comes about in some words as a result of coronal harmony. See, for example, sikʼis, sitsilí. This once firm rule has become optional, and today most Navajo speakers actually prefer to ignore the rules of sibilant (coronal) harmony, especially when there is relatively greater distance between the 1st-person shi- and the alveolar sibilant in the root.

##### See also
### Etymology 3
#### Prefix

si-
* Marks the third person singular/duoplural of si-perfective verbs, although it is typically realized as s- or z-

##### Conjugation

With the ∅- classifier:
With the ł- classifier:
With the ∅- classifier and coronal harmony:
With the ł- classifier and coronal harmony:
With the l- and d- classifiers:
With the l- and d- classifiers and coronal harmony:

##### Derived terms
## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

#### Prefix

si-
* we; first-person plural subject concord.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

#### Prefix

si-
* us; first-person plural object concord.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

#### Prefix

si-
* he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

## Phuthi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

#### Prefix

si-
* we; first-person plural subject concord.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

#### Prefix

si-
* us; first-person plural object concord.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-kɪ̀-.

#### Prefix

si-
* Class 7 noun prefix.

### Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

#### Prefix

si-
* he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

#### Prefix

si-
* we; first-person plural subject concord.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

#### Prefix

si-
* us; first-person plural object concord.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

#### Prefix

si-
* he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

## Sundanese
### Prefix

si- (Sundanese script ᮞᮤ-)
* verb-forming prefix indicating an action done to oneself (reflexive verb)
    ‎si- + ‎beungeut → ‎sibeungeut (“to wash one's face”)
    ‎si- + ‎banyo → ‎sibanyo (“to wash one's hand”)
    ‎si- + ‎duru → ‎siduru (“to warm oneself near a fire”)
    ‎si- + ‎dakep → ‎sidakep (“to cross one's arm”)

#### Usage notes

* Appears to be no longer productive in contemporary Sundanese, as the words prefixed with si- are now considered their own words. This appears in conjugations like saribanyo or nyibeungeutan.

#### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ D. K. Ardiwinata (1984) [1916] Ayatrohaedi, transl., Tata Bahasa Sunda (ILDEP)‎ (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, translation of Elmoening Basa Soenda pikeun pangadjaran di sakola2, djiiid I, page 95

### Further reading

* Maman Sumantri, et al. (1985) Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Etymology 1
#### Prefix

si-
* I do not, 1st person singular negative subject concord
    Antonym: ni-

##### See also
### Etymology 2
#### Prefix

si-
* the negative emphatic copula or negative focusing copula: expresses "it is not" with an inflected object
    Antonym: ndi-

##### Inflection

For a full table, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

#### See also

* Swahili grammar#Emphatic copula

## Swazi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

#### Prefix

si-
* we; first-person plural subject concord.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

#### Prefix

si-
* us; first-person plural object concord.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-kɪ̀-.

#### Prefix

si-
* Class 7 noun prefix.

### Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

#### Prefix

si-
* he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

## Tabaru
### Prefix

si-
* applicative prefix

## Tocharian A
### Verb

si-
* to drain

## Tocharian B
### Verb

si-
* to drain

## Xhosa
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

#### Prefix

si-
* we; first-person plural subject concord.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

#### Prefix

si-
* us; first-person plural object concord.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

#### Prefix

si-
* he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

## Zulu
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

#### Prefix

si-
* we; first-person plural subject concord.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

#### Prefix

sí-
* us; first-person plural object concord.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-.

#### Prefix

si-
* Class 7 simple noun prefix.

### Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

#### Prefix

sí-
* he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “si-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “si-”