# да
## Abaza
### Etymology

From Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza *dá.

### Noun

да • (da)
* vein, sinew

## Belarusian
### Alternative forms

* da — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [da]

### Preposition

да • (da) (+ genitive case)
* before
* to, up to, till, until
    ад часу да часу ― ad času da času ― from time to time
* with respect to, concerning, regarding

#### Derived terms

* да- (da-)

### References

* “да” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
* “да”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)

## Bulgarian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *da.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [da]
* Audio:(file)

#### Particle

да • (da)
* word used to indicate agreement or acceptance: yes
    Да, прав си.Da, prav si.Yes, you are correct.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *da (in the conjunction sense), related to the first etymology.

#### Pronunciation

* (stressed) IPA: [ˈda]
* Audio:(file) (homophonous with Etymology 1)
* (unstressed) IPA: [dɐ]
* Audio:(file)

#### Particle

да • (da)
* used to express a command
    Да влезе!Da vleze!Let him/her/it come in!
    Да не съм те чул да се оплакваш!Da ne sǎm te čul da se oplakvaš!Don't let me hear you complain!
* used to express a wish
    Да почива в мир.Da počiva v mir.May he/she/it rest in peace.
    Да живее кралят.Da živee kraljat.Long live the king!
* used to make offers, suggestions or ask advice
    Да излезем ли по-късно?Da izlezem li po-kǎsno?Shall we go out later?
    Да вървим!Da vǎrvim!Let's go!
* used to ask questions
    Да си ми виждал ключовете?Da si mi viždal ključovete?Have you seen my keys?
    Да съм ти искал мнението?Da sǎm ti iskal mnenieto?Did I ask for your opinion?

#### Conjunction

да • (da)
* particle: used to mark an infinitive, to (or in some other cases, such as with modal verbs, it is not translated)
    Искам да напусна.Iskam da napusna.I want to leave.
    Не знам как да го кажа.Ne znam kak da go kaža.I don’t know how to say it.
    Да се греши е човешко.Da se greši e čoveško.To err is human.
    Започва да вали.Započva da vali.It's starting to rain.
    Да ти кажа истината,...Da ti kaža istinata,...To tell you the truth,...
    Мога да плувам.Moga da pluvam.I can swim.
    Трябва да тръгвам.Trjabva da trǎgvam.I must go.
* if (only for conditions that are known to be false)
    Да си беше свършил работата както трябва, сега нямаше да сме забъркани в тази каша.Da si beše svǎršil rabotata kakto trjabva, sega njamaše da sme zabǎrkani v tazi kaša.Had you done your job properly, we wouldn't be in this mess now.

### Anagrams

* ад (ad)

## Chechen
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *daada.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdaː/

#### Noun

да̄ • (daa) class vb (ergative дас, plural дай)
* father

#### References

* Nichols, Johanna, Vagapov, Arbi (2004) “да”, in Chechen–English and English–Chechen Dictionary, London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, page 276

### Etymology 2

See the verb дан.

#### Verb

да • (da)
* to do

## Dungan
### Etymology

Cognate to Standard Mandarin 大 (dà)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta⁴⁴/

### Adjective

да • (da) (III)
* big

## Eastern Mari
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑ/
* Rhymes: -ɑ
* Hyphenation: да

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Conjunction

да • (da)
* and
* and (connecting verb phrases)
    йӱр чарныш, да кече ончалеjür čarnyš, da keče ončaĺeit stopped raining, and the sun started shining
* but, however
    ыштынем, да ом моштоyštyńem, da om moštoI would do it, but I can't

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian да (da).

#### Particle

да • (da)
* yes
    толат мо? да, толамtolat mo? da, tolamare you coming? yes, I'm coming
* so, well, indeed (emphatic particle)
    да мый тыйым палемda myj tyjym paĺemwell I know you
* yes?, right?, isn't it?
    шоналтет да?šonaltet da?you'll think of it, won't you?

### References

* J. Bradley et al. (2023) “да”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

## Ingush
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *daada.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdaː/

### Noun

да̄ • (daa) class vb (ergative дас, plural дай)
* father

### References

* Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “да”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 229

## Komi-Zyrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian да (da).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈda/, [ˈdä]
* Hyphenation: да

### Particle

да • (da)
* yes

#### Antonyms

* абу (abu)

### Conjunction

да • (da)
* and
* but
* because, since
* even though, although

### References

* A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 59
* L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 166

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *da.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [da(ː)]
* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

да • (da)
* (word used to indicate agreement or acceptance) yes

### Conjunction

да • (da)
* if

#### Usage notes

* This word is used in the sense of "if" mostly when the following verb is in the past tense or conditional mood or expresses an unrealistic scenario. Otherwise, "ако" tends to be used.

### Interjection

да • (da)
* really
    Веќе не сакам зима. ― Да?Veḱe ne sakam zima. ― Da?I no longer like winter. ― Really?

### Particle

да • (da)
* to (particle)
    Почнав да објаснувам. ― Počnav da objasnuvam. ― I started to explain.
    Можам да седнам. ― Možam da sednam. ― I can sit down.
* let, may
    Да не се вратиш никогаш. ― Da ne se vratiš nikogaš. ― May you never come back.
    Да му умрат родителите. ― Da mu umrat roditelite. ― May his parents die.

## Old Church Slavonic
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *da.

### Conjunction

да • (da)
* in order to
* that
* to

## Old East Slavic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *da. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic да (da) and Old Polish da.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑ/→/da/→/da/
* (ca. 9th CE) IPA: /dɑ/
* (ca. 11th CE) IPA: /da/
* (ca. 13th CE) IPA: /da/
* Hyphenation: да

### Conjunction

да (da)
* and
* so that
** 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik‎, page 2:рече бо въ сьрдьци моѥмь съкрꙑхъ словеса твоꙗ да не съгрѣшѫ тебѣ·reče bo vŭ sĭrdĭci mojemĭ sŭkryxŭ slovesa tvoja da ne sŭgrěšǫ tebě·For [one] said: In my heart I hid your words so' I won't commit a sin before you

### Particle

да (da)
* Used to mark a subjunctive aspect: may...

#### Descendants

* Old Ruthenian: да (da)
** Belarusian: ды (dy)
** Ukrainian: да (da)
* Russian: да (da) (see there for further descendants)

### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “да”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 619

## Russian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic да (da), from Proto-Slavic *da.

#### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: [ˈda]
* Audio:(file)

#### Adverb

да • (da)
* yes
    Да, я зна́ю. ― Da, ja znáju. ― Yeah, I know.

##### Antonyms

* нет (net, “no, not”)

##### Descendants

* → English: da
* → Karelian:
** North Karelian: ta
** South Karelian: da
* → Komi-Zyrian: да (da)

#### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: [ˈda]
* Audio:(file)

#### Interjection

да • (da)
* yes (used to confirm that the person being addressed is listening)
* right, isn't it (used at the end of an affirmative sentence, turning what was said into a question, asking for confirmation)
    Synonyms: ве́рно (vérno), да ведь (da vedʹ), не так ли (ne tak li), пра́вда (právda), пра́вда ведь (právda vedʹ), так (tak), так ведь (tak vedʹ)
    Ты спра́вишься, да? ― Ty správišʹsja, da? ― You can handle this, right?
    Он то́же там у́чится, да? ― On tóže tam účitsja, da? ― He studies there too, doesn't he?
* really (used to express surprise or ask for confirmation)
    Synonyms: пра́вда (právda), серьёзно (serʹjózno)
    — Мы с ней расста́лись уже́ как ме́сяц наза́д. — Да?— My s nej rasstálisʹ užé kak mésjac nazád. — Da?We broke up like a month ago. Really?

#### Pronunciation 3

* IPA: [ˈda]
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

да́ • (dá) n inan (indeclinable)
* a "yes"
    Я бы сказа́л — э́то большо́е «да». ― Ja by skazál — éto bolʹšóje «da». ― I'd say that's a big "yes".
* an affirmation in support of a cause (as used in slogans or appeals)
    Нет дискримина́ции! Да плюрали́зму! ― Net diskriminácii! Da pljuralízmu! ― No to discrimination! Yes to pluralism!

#### Pronunciation 4

* IPA: [də]
* IPA: [dɐ] (before a stressed syllable)

#### Particle

да • (da)
* let, may [with finite verb]
    да бу́дет так ― da búdet tak ― so be it
    И сказа́л Бог: да бу́дет свет. ― I skazál Box: da búdet svet. ― And God said: let there be light.
    Да здра́вствует респу́блика! ― Da zdrávstvujet respúblika! ― Long live the republic!

#### Pronunciation 5

* IPA: [də]
* IPA: [dɐ] (before a stressed syllable)

#### Conjunction

да • (da)
* (dated) and
    Он сам о себе́ говори́л, что ему́, как импера́тору Ка́рлу Вели́кому, недосу́г учи́ться чита́ть да писа́ть.On sam o sebé govoríl, što jemú, kak imperátoru Kárlu Velíkomu, nedosúg učítʹsja čitátʹ da pisátʹ.He said of himself that he was like the Emperor Charlemagne, too busy to learn to read and write.
    ходи́ть вокру́г да о́коло ― xodítʹ vokrúg da ókolo ― to beat around the bush (literally, “to walk around and about”)
    е́сли бы да кабы́ ― jésli by da kabý ― should've, would've, could've / if only (literally, “if only and if only”)
** 1846, Фёдор Достоевский [Fyodor Dostoevsky], “Апреля 8.”, in Бедные люди; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Poor People, 1914:Вообрази́те, приме́рно, дли́нный коридо́р, соверше́нно тёмный и нечи́стый. По пра́вую его́ ру́ку бу́дет глуха́я стена́, а по ле́вую всё две́ри да две́ри, то́чно нумера́, всё так в ряд простира́ются.Voobrazíte, primérno, dlínnyj koridór, soveršénno tjómnyj i nečístyj. Po právuju jevó rúku búdet gluxája stená, a po lévuju vsjo dvéri da dvéri, tóčno numerá, vsjo tak v rjad prostirájutsja.Imagine a long passage, absolutely dark and very dirty. On the right hand there is a blank wall, and on the left, doors and doors, like the rooms in a hotel, in a long row.
* but
    Да грана́ты у него́ не той систе́мы!Da granáty u nevó ne toj sistémy!It's just - his grenades are the wrong caliber! (Quoted from White Sun of the Desert after antagonist fails to obtain grenades.)

##### Usage notes

Often used in idioms.

##### Descendants

* → Ingrian: da
* → Karelian:
** South Karelian: da
* → Komi-Zyrian: да (da)

#### Pronunciation 6

* IPA: [də]
* IPA: [dɐ] (before a stressed syllable)

#### Particle

да • (da)
* Used as an emphasiser, usually at the start of a sentence or phrase. In many cases, emphasises impatience or irritation, but in others may simply emphasise surprise or an observation.
    Да ты стал оптими́стом. ― Da ty stal optimístom. ― Well, you've become quite the optimist.
    Да он рома́нтик. ― Da on romántik. ― I see he's quite the romantic.
    Да что с тобо́й тако́е? ― Da što s tobój takóje? ― What's up with you? (implying something has been visibly wrong for some time)
    Да как ты сме́ешь? ― Da kak ty sméješʹ? ― How dare you?
    да ла́дно (тебе́/вам) ― da ládno (tebé/vam) ― come on / give me a break / really
    ну да ла́дно ― nu da ládno ― but okay / but alright / but whatever / anyway
    да нет ― da net ― oh, no; nah (a politely emphatic or reassuring no)
    — Ты же замёрзнешь! — Да нет, про́сто нужна́ тёплая оде́жда.— Ty že zamjórznešʹ! — Da net, prósto nužná tjóplaja odéžda.— You'll freeze! — Nah, I just need warm clothes.
    да ещё (и) ― da ješčó (i) ― and also / and even
    Да говорю́ же тебе́. ― Da govorjú že tebé. ― I'm telling you (and have been this whole time).
    Да пошёл он (к чёрту). ― Da pošól on (k čórtu). ― Oh to hell with him.
    Да э́то же Ник со́бственной персо́ной. ― Da éto že Nik sóbstvennoj persónoj. ― Well, if it isn't Nick himself.
    Да кака́я ра́зница? ― Da kakája ráznica? ― Who cares? (implying the irrelevance has been obvious for some time)
    да ну (тебя́/вас) ― da nu (tebjá/vas) ― yeah, right / come on
    Да ра́ди бо́га. ― Da rádi bóga. ― Oh for God's sake.
    Да зна́ю я, в э́том и пробле́ма! ― Da znáju ja, v étom i probléma! ― I know, that's the problem!
    Э́то о чём-то да говори́т. ― Éto o čom-to da govorít. ― That says (at least) something.
    Я всё для них де́лал, да и сейча́с продолжа́ю де́лать. ― Ja vsjo dlja nix délal, da i sejčás prodolžáju délatʹ. ― I've been doing everything for them, and actually still am.
** 2019, Екатерина Вильям-Вильмонт, Фальшивый папа:— Она́ тебе́ не нра́вится? — Да нет, она́ неплоха́я, но что́-то с ней стра́нное происхо́дит.— Oná tebé ne nrávitsja? — Da net, oná neploxája, no štó-to s nej stránnoje proisxódit.— You don't like her? — No, no, she's nice, but something weird's going on with her.
* Used as an emphasiser before an imperative verb to express urgency.
    Да переста́нь, ты меня́ смуща́ешь. ― Da perestánʹ, ty menjá smuščáješʹ. ― Oh stop it, you're embarrassing me.
    Да забу́дь ты уже́ об э́том. ― Da zabúdʹ ty užé ob étom. ― Oh forget it already.
    Да заткни́сь же ты наконе́ц. ― Da zatknísʹ že ty nakonéc. ― Will you shut it already?

#### Usage notes

Can in many cases (but not all) be understood by replacing with "Oh".

#### Related terms

* да блядь (da bljadʹ)
* да уж (da už)

### Etymology 2

Abbreviation of дека- (deka-)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɛkə-]
* IPA: [ˈdɛkɐ-] (before a stressed syllable)

#### Prefix

да • (da)
* da, deca- (x 10)

##### References
## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *da, probably old imperative of the word да̏ти, itself from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to give”).

### Conjunction

да (Latin spelling da)
* that
    рекао је да ће доћи ― he said that he would come
    одговорио сам му да немам појма о чему прича ― I've told him that I have no idea what he was talking about
* in order to, to
    дошао је да ми све исприча ― he came to tell me everything
    стигао је у нашу земљу да научи наш језик ― he arrived in our country in order to learn our language
* to (when the subjects of both clauses are not the same)
    он хоће да му покажете пут до станице ― he wants you to show him the way to the station
* (Serbia) to (when the subjects of both clauses are the same; for western Serbo-Croatian use infinitive instead of да + present tense)
    он жели да прича с вама ― he wants to talk with you
* (subjunctive only) if (= кад)
    да сам на вашем м(ј)есту, не бих се пуно замарао таквим детаљима ― if I were you, I wouldn't bother too much with such details
    да си више радио, зарадио би више новца ― if you worked harder, you would have earned more money
* (with ка̏о) as if, like
    с(ј)ећам се, као да је било јуче(р) ― I remember, as if it were yesterday
    као да не знаш о чему причам ― as if you don't know what I'm talking about
* (а + да + не) without (usually after negative verbs)
    не могу се укључити у расправу, а да не направим неред ― I cannot enter a discussion without making a mess
    одлази, а да није рекао ни збогом ― he's leaving without even saying goodbye
* (а + и + да) even if
    а и да јесам то направио, не би то учинило неку разлику ― even if I did it, it wouldn't have made much of a difference
* lest
    онај који се бори против чудовишта треба пазити да тиме и сам не постане чудовиште ― he who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster

### Particle

да (Latin spelling da)
* yes
    Је ли тако? Да! ― Is that so? Yes!
* used when starting a question
    да ли сте жедни? ― are you thirsty?
    реци ми да ли је то истина? ― tell me if that is true?
* in combination with other words, expressing wish, command etc.
    да се ниси усудио! ― don't you dare!
    да̑ Бог! ― may God grant it!
    да почнемо! ― let's begin!

## Ubykh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [da]

### Adverb

да • (da)
* now

### References

* Vogt, Hans (1963) Dictionnaire de la Langue Oubykh‎ (in French), Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, page 111

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic да (da), from Proto-Slavic *da.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [da]

### Conjunction

да • (da)
* (dialectal) and

### Interjection

да • (da)
* (colloquial) yes
    Synonym: так (tak)

### Particle

да • (da)
* (colloquial) Used as an emphasiser, usually at the start of a sentence or phrase. In many cases, emphasises impatience or irritation, but in others may simply emphasise surprise or an observation.
* (colloquial) let, may [with imperative finite verb]

### References

* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “да”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN

## Yakut
### Etymology

Related to Yakut даҕаны (dağanı); compare Tuvan даа (daa), Turkish da.

### Particle

да • (da)
* even (expresses surprise)
* With interrogative pronouns, forms negative indefinites.
* ... да ... да = both ... and ...
    оҕо да улахан да ― oğo da ulaqan da ― (both) the child and the adult
    мин да, эн да ― min da, en da ― you and I

#### Derived terms

* ким да (kim da, “anybody, nobody”)
* туох да (tuoq da, “anything, nothing”)
* уонна да атын (uonna da atın, “and so on”)

#### See also

* даа (daa)