# 班馬
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bānmǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢ ㄇㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): baan$^1$ maa$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pan-bé
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bānmǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄢ ㄇㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: banmǎ
*** Wade–Giles: pan$^1$-ma$^3$
*** Yale: bān-mǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: banmaa
*** Palladius: баньма (banʹma)
*** Sinological IPA : /pän⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baan$^1$ maa$^5$
*** Yale: bāan máh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baan$^1$ maa$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ban$^1$ ma$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pan-bé
*** Tâi-lô: pan-bé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: panbea
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pan³³ be⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹/

#### Noun

班馬
* (literary) stray horse
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Xíng bó gào Zhōngháng bó yuē: “Yǒu bānmǎ zhī shēng, Qí shī qí dùn.” [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 6th century, 庾信 (Yu Xin), 哀江南賦
    Shīqún bānmǎ, mí lún luàn zhé. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    From: 8th century, Li Bai, 送友人
    Huīshǒu zì zī qù, xiāoxiāo bānmǎ míng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: c. 8th century, 李嶠 (Li Jiao), 送光祿劉主簿之洛
    Bèi lì sī bānmǎ, fēn zhōu jiào duànhóng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Bān-Mǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢ ㄇㄚˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Bān-Mǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄢ ㄇㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Banmǎ
*** Wade–Giles: Pan$^1$-ma$^3$
*** Yale: Bān-mǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Banmaa
*** Palladius: Баньма (Banʹma)
*** Sinological IPA : /pän⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Proper noun

班馬
* (literary) Ban Gu and Sima Qian (two great historians, used to be reckoned as greatest of all time)
    From: 1933 November 10, 魯迅 (Lu Xun), 《作文秘訣》(The Key to Doing a Composition)
    Pìrú ba, zuòwén lùn Qíncháo shì, xiě yījù “Qínshǐhuáng nǎi shǐ shāo shū”, shì bùsuàn hǎo wénzhāng de, bìxū fānyì yīxià, shǐ tā bùróngyì yīmùliǎorán cái hǎo. […] gǎichéng “Zhèng chù fán diǎn”, nà jiù jiǎnzhí yǒule Bān-Mǎ qì, suīrán gēnzhe yě lìngrén bùdà kàndedǒng. [Pinyin]
    For instance, when writing about the Qin dynasty, a straightforward sentence like ‘First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty began to burn books’ would be considered poor style. One must instead render it in archaic language to obscure immediate comprehension. [...] By changing it to 政俶燔典 (“‘Zheng [the name of Qin Shi Huang] chu [started] fan [burning] dian [the classics]’”), the phrasing suddenly carries the classical gravitas of historians like Ban Gu or Sima Qian—though admittedly, this also renders it nearly incomprehensible to modern readers.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): baan$^1$ maa$^5$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: baan$^1$ maa$^5$
*** Yale: bāan máh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: baan$^1$ maa$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ban$^1$ ma$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /paːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

#### Verb

班⫽馬 (verb-object)
* (Cantonese, slang) to gather subordinates