# render
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɹɛn.də/
* (General American) IPA: /ˈɹɛn.dɚ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: ren‧der
* Rhymes: -ɛndə(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

From Middle English renderen, rendren, from Old French rendre (“render, give back”), from Late Latin rendere, from Latin reddere (“make, give back”).

#### Alternative forms

* rendre (archaic)

#### Verb

render (third-person singular simple present renders, present participle rendering, simple past and past participle rendered)
* (ditransitive) To cause to become.
    The shot rendered her immobile.
** 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:[…] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.
** 2022 November 2, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL, number 969, page 57:This service has suffered badly from Department for Transport-inspired cuts which reduced it from hourly to two-hourly. This, coupled with regular cancellations, has rendered the train service between the area's two biggest towns almost unusable.
* (transitive) To interpret, give an interpretation or rendition of.
    The pianist rendered the Beethoven sonata beautifully.
** 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 34:we may, at last, render our philosophy like that of Epictetus
* (transitive) To translate into another language.
    to render Latin into English
* (transitive) To pass down.
    render a verdict (i.e., deliver a judgment)
* (transitive) To make over as a return.
    They had to render the estate.
* (transitive) To give; to give back; to deliver.
    render aid; render money
    to render an account of what really happened
** 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:Logic renders its daily service to wisdom and virtue.
** 1980, AA book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 164:The first thing that greets you on entering the church is a notice asking you not to vex the goat, since it renders valuable service in keeping the churchyard tidy.
* (transitive, dated) To give up; to yield; to surrender.
** c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:I'll make her render up her page to me.
* (transitive, computer graphics) To transform (a model) into a display on the screen or other media.
    rendering images
* (transitive, art, by extension) To apply realistic coloring and shading.
* (transitive) To capture and turn over to another country secretly and extrajudicially.
* (transitive) To convert waste animal tissue into a usable byproduct.
    rendering of fat into soap
* (intransitive, cooking) To have fat melt off meat from cooking.
    Bacon is very fatty when raw; however, most of the fat will render during cooking.
* (construction) To cover a wall with a layer of plaster.
    to render with stucco
* (nautical) To pass; to run; said of the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.
    A rope renders well, that is, passes freely.
* (nautical) To yield or give way.
** 1867, W. H. Smyth, Sailor's Word-Book:The rope of a laniard or tackle is said to render when, by pulling upon one part, each other part takes its share of the strain.
* (obsolete) To return; to pay back; to restore.
** 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 14:whose smallest minute lost, no riches render may
* (obsolete) To inflict, as a retribution; to requite.
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 32:41:I will render vengeance to mine enemies.

##### Synonyms

* (cause to become): make
* (bestow): accord
* (fat dripping): render off

##### Derived terms

* pre-render
* renderer, rendering
* render down
* render off
* render unto Caesar

##### Descendants

* → Dutch: renderen
* → Portuguese: renderizar

##### Translations
#### Noun

render (countable and uncountable, plural renders)
* (countable, uncountable) Stucco or plaster applied to walls (mostly to outside masonry walls).
* (computer graphics) A digital image produced by rendering a model.
    A low-resolution render might look blocky.
* (obsolete) A surrender.
* (obsolete) A return; a payment of rent.
** 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:In those early times the king's household was supported by specific renders of corn and other victuals from the tenants of the demesnes.
* (obsolete) An account given; a statement.
** c. 1605–1608, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:And send forth us , to make their sorrow'd render, Together with a recompense more fruitful Than their offence can weigh down by the dram

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

rend +‎ -er

#### Noun

render (plural renders)
* One who rends.
** 1844, The Christian, volume 1, page 498:Oh, this render of hearts, this murderer of love, this perpetual crucifier of Christ, […]

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* Derner, rendre

## Danish
### Noun

render c
* indefinite plural of rende

### Verb

render
* present of rende

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese render (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin rendere, from Latin reddere.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [renˈdeɾ]

### Verb

render (first-person singular present rendo, first-person singular preterite rendín, past participle rendido)
* (intransitive) to yield; to last
* (transitive) to subdue, defeat
* (transitive) to tire, wear out
* (transitive) to render, pay (respects, homage)
* (reflexive) to surrender

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* renda
* rendemento

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “render”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “render”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “render”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “render”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “render”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

render m or f
* indefinite plural of rand (Etymology 1)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

render f
* indefinite plural of rand (Etymology 1)

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese render, from Late Latin rendere, from Latin reddere.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁẽˈde(ʁ)/ [hẽˈde(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ʁẽˈde(ʁ)/ [hẽˈde(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ʁẽˈde(ɾ)/ [hẽˈde(ɾ)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ʁẽˈde(ʁ)/ [χẽˈde(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ʁẽˈde(ɻ)/ [hẽˈde(ɻ)]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁẽˈdeɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʁẽˈdeɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ʁẽˈde.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: ren‧der

### Verb

render (first-person singular present rendo, first-person singular preterite rendi, past participle rendido)
* to render
* (reflexive) to yield, to surrender
    Não atire, eu me rendo!Don't shoot, I surrender!
* to dominate, to command; to cause to surrender
* to subject
* to result as profit
* (reflexive) to surrender (to give up in defeat)
    Synonyms: entregar-se, capitular

#### Derived terms

* rendimento

#### Related terms

* rendição

### Further reading

* “render”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Romansch
### Etymology

From Late Latin rendere, from Latin reddere.

### Verb

render
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) to return, give back
* to vomit, throw up, puke, be sick

#### Synonyms

* (to return, give back):
** (Rumantsch Grischun) dar enavos, (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) dar anavos, (Puter) der inavous, (Vallader) dar inavo
** (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter, Vallader) restituir, (Surmiran) restitueir
** (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) returnar, (Puter) returner, (Vallader) retuornar

## Spanish
### Verb

render
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Further reading

* “render”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10