# yo
## Translingual
### Symbol

yo
* (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Yoruba.

## English
### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /jəʊ/
* Rhymes: -əʊ
* (US) IPA: /joʊ/
* Audio (General Australian):(file)

### Etymology 1

As a greeting first attested in 1859, attested first as a cry of sailors and huntsmen (first attested in the 1400s; compare e.g. huzzah, giddyup). Originally from Middle English yo, io, ȝo, yeo, yaw, variant forms of ya, ye (“yes, yea”), from Old English ġēa (“yes, yea”), from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes, thus, so”); or perhaps from Old English ēow (“Wo!, Alas!”, interjection). Compare Danish, Swedish, German, Norwegian jo (“yes (flexible meaning)”), Dutch jow (“hi, hey”) and Dutch jo (“hi, hey”). More at yea, ow, ew.
Modern popularity apparently dates from World War II (claimed to be a common response at roll calls; see definition 4), and then most intensely attested in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; it thence spread globally from American dominance of pop culture post-WWII.

#### Interjection

yo
* (slang) A greeting similar to hi.
    Synonyms: oi, wotcher
    Yo Paulie! How's it going?
* (slang) An interjection similar to hey.
    Synonyms: ahoy, oi; see also Thesaurus:hey
    Yo, check this out!
    Check this out, yo!
* (slang) An expression of surprise or excitement.
    Yo, that's crazy, but I don't remember asking.
** 2021 October 2, Mason Cannon, “Don't Feel Pressured To Declare Your Major Right Away”, in Study Breaks‎:I have quickly acclimated myself to the standard form of greeting on campus: "Oh hey what’s your name? … Yeah, nice to meet you, what're you studying? … Yo that’s sick!" A script to recite, nearly verbatim, 10 times a day or more.
* (military slang) Present! Here!
    Sergeant: Smith? Private Smith: Yo!
* (chiefly African-American Vernacular) Emphatic conclusion to a statement.
** 2010, "Kafkaesque" (Breaking Bad TV series, season 3, episode 9)
    JESSE: That is messed up, yo.

##### Synonyms

* (greeting): hey, hi; see also Category:English greetings
* (interjection): hey

##### Derived terms

* yo-ho
* yo-ho-ho

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From you're, your, etc.

#### Alternative forms

* yo'

#### Determiner

yo
* (colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of your.
    Yo sandwich has only bacon in it. Want some ketchup on that?

##### Derived terms

* yo momma

#### Pronoun

yo
* (Baltimore) third-person singular, familiar
    Yo was tuckin' in his shirt! (Stotko and Troyer 2007)

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

yo
* Abbreviation of year(s) old; also y.o., y/o.
* (crochet) Initialism of yarn over.

### Etymology 4

From Russian ё (jo).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɒ/

#### Noun

yo (plural yos)
* The letter Ё, ё.

##### Derived terms

* yoficator

##### Translations
### Etymology 5
#### Numeral

yo
* Short for yoleven.

### Etymology 6

From irregular romanization of the standard Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 龠 (yuè).

#### Noun

yo (plural yo or yos)
* Obsolete form of yue, a traditional Chinese unit of volume.

#### See also

* fro-yo
* yo-weight
* yo-yo

### Etymology 7
#### Noun

yo (plural yos)
* (knitting) Alternative form of YO:
** Abbreviation of yarnover.

#### Verb

yo (third-person singular simple present yos, present participle yoing, simple past and past participle yoed)
* (knitting) Alternative form of YO:
** Abbreviation of yarnover.

### Anagrams

* oy

## Afar
### Etymology

Cognate with Saho yoo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjo/ [ˈjɔ]

### Pronoun

yó
* I, me

#### Usage notes

* The form yóo is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.

#### See also
### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “yo”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

## Aragonese
### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

### Pronoun

yo m sg or f sg
* First-person singular nominative pronoun; I

#### See also

| | | | | nominative | disjunctive | dative | accusative |
| first person | singular | singular | singular | yo | me, m'$^2$ | me, m'$^2$ | me, m'$^2$ |
| first person | plural | masculine | masculine | nusatros$^{1.1}$ | nusatros$^{1.1}$ | nos$^{1.6}$ | nos$^{1.6}$ |
| first person | plural | feminine | feminine | nusatras$^{1.1}$ | nusatras$^{1.1}$ | | nos$^{1.6}$ | nos$^{1.6}$ |
| second person | singular | familiar | familiar | tú | te, t'$^2$ | te, t'$^2$ | te, t'$^2$ |
| second person | singular | formal | formal | vusté,$^{1.2}$ vos | | | |
| second person | plural | familiar | masculine | vusatros$^{1.3}$ | vusatros$^{1.3}$ | vos, tos$^3$ | vos, tos$^3$ |
| second person | plural | familiar | feminine | vusatras$^{1.3}$ | vusatras$^{1.3}$ | | vos, tos$^3$ | vos, tos$^3$ |
| second person | plural | formal | formal | vustés,$^{1.2}$ vos | | |
| third person | singular | masculine | masculine | él$^{1.4}$ | él$^{1.4}$ | le$^{1.7}$ | lo,$^{1.8}$ l'$^2$ |
| third person | singular | feminine | feminine | ella$^{1.5}$ | ella$^{1.5}$ | le$^{1.7}$ | la |
| third person | plural | masculine | masculine | els, ellos$^{1.4}$ | els, ellos$^{1.4}$ | les$^{1.7}$ | los$^{1.9}$ |
| third person | plural | feminine | feminine | ellas$^{1.5}$ | ellas$^{1.5}$ | les$^{1.7}$ | las |
| third person | reflexive | reflexive | reflexive | — | — | se, s'$^2$ | se, s'$^2$ |
* The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms:
** nusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and nusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
** usté(s) (Benasquese), ustet(z) (Ansotano), vustet(z) (Tensino, Somontanos)
** vusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and vusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
** ell(s) (Benasquese) and er(s) (Belsetán).
** era(s) (Belsetán).
** mos (Ribagorçan). Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.
** li(s) (Cheso, Tensino).
** el (Ribagorçan). The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
** es, els (Ribagorçan). These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
* The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds.
* In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en.

### References

* “yo”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

## Asturian
### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

### Pronoun

yo
* I (first-person singular pronoun)

## Chavacano
### Etymology

Inherited from Spanish yo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʝo/, [ˈʝ͡ʝo]

### Pronoun

yo
* I (1st person nominative pronoun)

#### See also
## Chinese
### Etymology

From English yo.

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): jou$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jou$^1$
*** Yale: yōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: you$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jou̯⁵⁵/

### Adjective

yo
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly university slang) outgoing; sociable

### Verb

yo (Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly university slang)
* to act in an outgoing manner
* to socialize with; to interact with
* (euphemistic) Used in certain interjections to replace vulgar verbs.

#### Derived terms

* yo女

## Danish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English yo.

### Interjection

yo
* (slang) yo
** 2016, Lisbeth Zornig, Mikael Lindholm, Bundfald, Art People, →ISBN:“Yo!” Mathias så op.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English yo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /joː/
* Hyphenation: yo
* Rhymes: -oː

### Interjection

yo
* (slang) yo (informal greeting, interjection similar to hey)

## Guerrero Amuzgo
### Adjective

yo
* with

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jo/

### Article

yo pl
* the

#### Usage notes

This word is only used in its article sense when it modifies a plural noun.

#### See also

* a
* an
* la
* lan
* nan
* sa a (emphatic value)
* yon (indef. art.)

### Pronoun

yo (contracted form y)
* they
* them

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɔ/

### Etymology 1

From ayo.

#### Interjection

yo
* Short for ayo.

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English yo.

#### Interjection

yo
* (slang) yo (greeting, interjection similar to hey)

## Japanese
### Romanization

yo
* The hiragana syllable よ (yo) or the katakana syllable ヨ (yo) in Hepburn romanization.

## Kristang
### Pronoun

yo
* I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

### References

* ↑ 2010, Ladislav Prištic, Kristang - Crioulo de Base Portuguesa, Masaryk University, page 26.

## Ladino
### Alternative forms

* io (Romania), lyo (Yugoslavia)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish yo (“I”), from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jo/, /jɔ/
* Audio (Paris):(file)

### Pronoun

yo (Hebrew spelling ייו)
* I (myself) [16th c.]
** (Can we date this quote?), Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi‎, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 215:Yo, ke nunka en mis dias ke non sali aver fuego, syendo fui akavidado, ma akea noche fui ovligado de ir a este fuego, non para verlo, otro ke syendo era serka dela kaza de si. Shelomo Fernandes.Myself, never in all my days had I gone out to watch a fire, seeing as how I was warned against that, but that night I was obligated to go after this fire, not to watch it, but [because] it was approaching Mr. Shelomo Fernandes's house.
** 2002, Aki Yerushalayim‎, numbers 68-72, page 59:[…] i no digas: fulano es fermozo i yo no, ke bien saves ke deske el ombre es muerto, ke no se kuenta salvo por animalia muerta.And don’t say: so and so is handsome and I’m not; you know well that since the man is dead that he doesn’t count except as a dead animal.
** 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎, page 142:[…] mos fuimos en luna de miel a París, i yo empesí a engodrarme … i engodrarme. El prenyado a mí me yakishea muncho.we left to have our honeymoon in Paris, and I started to gain weight … and gain weight. I look so much like I am pregnant.
** 2008, Matilda Gini Barnatán, Viviana Rajel Barnatán, Darío Meta Barnatán, La ija i la madre komo la unya i la karne‎, Ibersaf Editores, →ISBN, page 69:Agora soltanto So reflekto de Tu Brilyo Yo no me demando Sospiro Mirando en lo Alto So felis Dunke bivo…Now letting go, I am [an] image of your radiance, I wonder not; I sigh, looking above, I am happy, therefore I live…

### References

* ↑ “yo”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

## Lingala
### Pronoun

yo
* Alternative form of yɔ̂

## Lower Tanana
### Noun

yo
* sky

### References

* James Kari, Lower Tanana Athabaskan Listening and Writing Exercises (1991)

## Mandarin
### Romanization

yo (yo$^5$ / yo$^0$, Zhuyin ˙ㄧㄛ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 喲 / 哟
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嚛 / 𪠸, 𪠸
yo
* Nonstandard spelling of yō.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Pronoun

yo
* Alternative form of yow

### Etymology 2
#### Pronoun

yo
* Alternative form of heo (“she”)

## Noone
### Noun

yo (plural yɔ́)
* snake

### References

* R. Blench, Beboid Comparative

## Norman
### Alternative forms

* iâo (continental Normandy)
* iaoue (Guernsey)
* ieau (Jersey)

### Etymology

From Old French yaue, ewe, euwe, egua (“water”), from Latin aqua (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂ (“water, flowing water”).

### Noun

yo f (plural yos)
* (Sark) water

## Old Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

### Adverb

yo
* I

#### Descendants

* Ladino: yo, io (Romania), lyo (Yugoslavia)/ייו
* Spanish: yo
** Chavacano: yo

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀬𑁄 (Brahmi script)
* यो (Devanagari script)
* যো (Bengali script)
* යො (Sinhalese script)
* ယော or ယေႃ (Burmese script)
* โย (Thai script)
* ᨿᩮᩣ (Tai Tham script)
* ໂຍ or ໂຢ (Lao script)
* យោ (Khmer script)
* 𑄠𑄮 (Chakma script)

### Pronoun

yo
* masculine nominative singular of ya (“who (relative)”)

## Paraujano
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjo/
* Rhymes: -o
* Syllabification: yo

### Particle

yo
* perhaps, maybe

### References

* Álvarez, José, Bravo, María (2008) “yo”, in Diccionario básico de la lengua añú [Basic dictionary of the Añú language]‎, Maracaibo, Venezuela: University of Zulia, →ISBN, page 108.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Old Spanish yo, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʝo/ [ˈɟ͡ʝo]
* IPA: (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʝo/ [ˈɟ͡ʝo]
* IPA: (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈʃo/ [ˈʃo]
* IPA: (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʒo/ [ˈʒo]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -o
* Syllabification: yo

### Pronoun

yo
* first-person singular pronoun in the nominative case; I

#### Usage notes

* When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered impolite to say the pronoun yo at first; it must be the last one (this also applies to mí):
    Iremos Rosa, tú y yo. ― Rosa, you and I will go.

#### Derived terms

* ocho con yo
* otro yo
* qué sé yo
* yo de ti
* yo que tú

#### See also

| | | | | nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive |
| first person | singular | singular | singular | yo | me | me | mí$^1$ |
| first person | plural | masculine$^2$ | masculine$^2$ | nosotros | nos | nos | nosotros |
| first person | plural | feminine | feminine | nosotras | nos | nos | nosotras |
| second person | singular | tuteo | tuteo | tú | te | te | ti$^1$ |
| second person | singular | voseo | voseo | vos | te | te | vos |
| second person | singular | formal$^3$ | formal$^3$ | usted | le, se$^4$ | lo/la$^5$ | usted |
| second person | plural | familiar$^6$ | masculine$^2$ | vosotros | os | os | vosotros |
| second person | plural | familiar$^6$ | feminine | vosotras | os | os | vosotras |
| second person | plural | formal/general$^3$ | formal/general$^3$ | ustedes | les, se$^4$ | los/las$^5$ | ustedes |
| third person | singular | masculine$^2$ | masculine$^2$ | él | le, se$^4$ | lo | él |
| third person | singular | feminine | feminine | ella | le, se$^4$ | la | ella |
| third person | singular | neuter | neuter | ello$^7$ | le, se$^4$ | lo | ello |
| third person | plural | masculine$^2$ | masculine$^2$ | ellos | les, se$^4$ | los | ellos |
| third person | plural | feminine | feminine | ellas | les, se$^4$ | las | ellas |
| third person | reflexive | reflexive | reflexive | — | se | se | sí$^1$ |
* Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
* Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
* Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
* If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
* Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
* Used primarily in Spain
* Used only in rare circumstances

### Noun

yo m (plural yos or yoes)
* (psychoanalysis) Freud's concept of the ego

#### Descendants

* Chavacano: yo

### Further reading

* “yo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tregami
### Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani *eka, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óykos.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjo/

### Numeral

yo (Gambir)
* one

### References

* ↑ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “y′o”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

## Turkish
### Alternative forms

* yoo

### Etymology

Clipping of yok.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /joː/

### Interjection

yo
* (informal) no
* (informal) Term of objection, roughly equivalent to nope, nah or naw.

### Further reading

* “yo”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “yo¹”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5343

## West Makian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jo/

### Particle

yo
* sentence-final action negation particle; not
    de tifiam yo ― I am not eating

#### Usage notes

Specifically negates action verbs (intransitive, transitive, ditransitive, etc.). To negate a stative verb, see wayo. The verbs seba/tope (“to want”) are not negated by ua, which would be ungrammatical. Instead, one uses the verb fono (“to not want”).

### References

* Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

## Xhosa
### Pronoun

-yo
* Combining stem of yona.

## Yanomamö
### Noun

yo (plural yoku)
* path, trail, a path marked by hand-broken branches

### References

* Lizot, Jacques (2004) Diccionario enciclopédico de la lengua yãnomãmɨ‎ (in Spanish), Vicariato apostólico de Puerto Ayacucho, →ISBN

## Ye'kwana
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɟo]

### Verb

yo
* (transitive) to leave (someone) without a portion from the hunt

### References

* Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “yo”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon

## Yoruba
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jó/

### Verb

yó
* to become saturated with food or drinks; to become full (after eating)
** to become drunk
* to become fleshy or robust (in reference to the belly or body)
* (idiomatic, euphemistic) to become pregnant

#### Derived terms

* Àwòyó (“a nickname for the orisha Yemọja”)

## Zulu
### Pronoun

-yo
* Combining stem of yona.