# tʾp̄k'
## Middle Persian
### Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *tāpaka- (“heater or baking place or cooking place”), ultimately from *tap- (“to warm up, heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“be warm, be hot”). Alternatively, from the homonymous Proto-Iranian root *tap- (“flat”), from the fact that a flat stone could serve as a cooking place. The contamination of both is also possible.
Compare Baluchi تہافغ (thafaġ, “oven”), Sogdian [script needed] (tpʾkh /⁠tapāk⁠/, “fever”), Sanskrit तापक (tāpaka, “heating, inflaming, refining; causing pain; fever; cooking stove”).

### Noun

tʾp̄k' • (tābag)
* frying pan

#### Descendants

* Persian: تابه (tâbe), تاوه (tâve), تاوا (tâvâ), تابه (tâbe), طابه (tâbe), توه (tove) (dialectal, Dashtestan, Khesht)
** Tajik: тоба (toba), това (tova)
** → Abaza: таба (taba)
** → Adyghe: табэ (tabɛ)
** → Azerbaijani: tava
** → Bashkir: таба (taba)
** → Dargwa: тава (tava)
** → Georgian: ტაფა (ṭapa)
*** → Ossetian: тъапа (t’apa)
** → Kabardian: табэ (tabɛ)
** → Karachay-Balkar: таба (taba)
** → Kazakh: таба (taba)
** → Kumyk: тава (tawa)
** → Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: tawe, tawan
** → Kyrgyz: таба (taba)
** → Ossetian: те́бӕ (tébæ), таба (taba), табай (tabaj), теби (tebi) (via a Turkic language)
** → Ottoman Turkish: تاوه (tava), تابا (taba), تاوا (tava), طابا (taba), طاوه (tava)
*** Turkish: tava
*** → Albanian: tavë
*** → Arabic: طَوَّايَة (ṭawwāya)
*** → Bulgarian: тава (tava)
*** → Greek: νταβάς (ntavás), ταβάς (tavás)
*** → Macedonian: тава (tava)
*** → Middle Armenian: թաւայ (tʻaway)
**** Armenian: թավա (tʻava)
*** → Romanian: tavă
*** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: тава
    Latin script: tava
*** → Zazaki: tava
** → Siberian Tatar: таба (taba)
** → Svan: ტაფა̈ (ṭapä)
** → Tatar: таба (taba)
** → Turkmen: taba
** → Udmurt: таба (taba)
** → Uzbek: tova
Taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian:
* → Arabic: طَابَق (ṭābaq), طَابِق (ṭābiq), طَابَاق (ṭābāq, “big brick”), طَابُوق (ṭābūq, “brick”)
* → Aramaic:
    Classical Syriac: ܛܒܩܐ (ṭbqʾ /⁠ṭabqā⁠/)
    Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: טפקא (ṭpqʾ /⁠ṭāpqā⁠/)
* → Old Armenian: տապակ (tapak)
** → Armenian: տապակ (tapak)
** →? Old Georgian: ტაპაკი (ṭaṗaḳi), ტაბაკი (ṭabaḳi), ტაფაკი (ṭapaḳi)
* → Proto-Common Turkic: *tābak
** Oghuz:
*** → Azerbaijani: tabaq
*** → Ottoman Turkish: طباق (tabak)
**** Turkish: tabak
**** → Middle Armenian: թապախ (tʻapax), թապաղ (tʻapaġ), տապաղ (tapaġ)
***** Armenian: թաբախ (tʻabax)
*** → Salar: dovaq
*** → Turkmen: tābak
** Karluk:
*** → Uyghur: [script needed] (tavaq)
*** → Uzbek: tovoq
** Kipchak:
*** → Kazakh: табақ (tabaq)
*** → Kyrgyz: табак (tabak)
*** → Tatar: табак (tabaq)
*** → Bashkir: табаҡ (tabaq)

#### References

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “تابه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “tābag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 81
* Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1905) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume III (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 960
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 46
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 252
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “տապակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 372—373
* Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 2051, page 161a
* Abajev, V. I. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 244, 287
* Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 246
* Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 319
* Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 400
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 379
* Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 181