# 斥

| 斥 | U+65A5, &#26021; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65A5 |
| ← 斤 [U+65A4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 斦 → [U+65A6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

斥 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹一卜 (HMY), four-corner 7223$_1$, composition ⿸斤丶 or ⿸𠂋卜)

#### Derived characters

* 坼 𡶜 𢘛 拆 泝 柝 䂨 蚸 訴(诉) 䞣 跅 㿭 䟟 𦭐

#### See also

* 斤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13535
* Dae Jaweon: page 837, character 24
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2022, character 3
* Unihan data for U+65A5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斥 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 斥 | *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ |
| 訴 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 泝 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 愬 | *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ |
| 遡 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 塑 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 溯 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 遻 | *ŋaːɡs |
| 柝 | *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ |
| 鶚 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 諤 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 齶 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鍔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 遌 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 崿 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 偔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 堮 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 湂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鱷 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 噩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 咢 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鑩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鄂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鰐 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 萼 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 愕 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 顎 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 朔 | *sŋraːɡ |
| 槊 | *sraːwɢ |
| 蒴 | *sraːwɢ |
| 坼 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 拆 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 逆 | *ŋraɡ |
| 屰 | *ŋraɡ |
| 縌 | *ŋraɡ |
| 蝷 | *reːɡ |
Originally written 㡿, a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ): semantic 广 (“building”) + phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ).
The 屰 later came to be written 干, and the 广 was sometimes written as 厂, eventually leading to the modern form of the character.
Alternatively, may be derived from 宅.

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chì (chi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cik$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳt
    (Hailu, HRS): chid
* Eastern Min (BUC): chék
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cih$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiak / thek / thak
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chì
*** Zhuyin: ㄔˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻih$^4$
*** Yale: chr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyh
*** Palladius: чи (či)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cik$^1$
*** Yale: chīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳt
*** Hakka Romanization System: ciid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chid
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰit⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chék
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛiʔ²⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cih$^6$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chih
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cih$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiak
*** Tâi-lô: thiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thek
*** Tâi-lô: thik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: teg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thak
*** Tâi-lô: thak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰak̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰak̚³²/
* thiak/thek - literary;
* thak - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsyhek
Rime :
| Character | 斥 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 昔 (123) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 昌石切 |
| Baxter | tsyhek |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰiæk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭɛk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰAk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 斥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | chì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyhek › |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰAk/ |
| English | rebuff; salty soil |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 斥 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 9477 |
| Phonetic component | 屰 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 尺 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ/ |
| Notes | 說文從廣屰聲 |

#### Definitions

斥
* to scold; to upbraid; to accuse; to reproach
* to expel; to dismiss; to drive away
* (literary) to expand; to enlarge; to open up
* (literary) to allocate (funds); to spend (money)
* (literary) to reconnoitre; to scout
* (literary) saline; alkaline (of soil)

#### Compounds

* 充斥 (chōngchì)
* 呵斥 (hēchì)
* 喝斥
* 嚴斥 / 严斥
* 屏斥
* 怒斥 (nùchì)
* 拒斥
* 指斥 (zhǐchì)
* 排斥 (páichì)
* 排斥命題 / 排斥命题
* 排斥異己 / 排斥异己
* 揮斥 / 挥斥
* 擯斥 / 摈斥 (bìnchì)
* 斥候 (chìhòu)
* 斥力 (chìlì)
* 斥喝
* 斥土
* 斥地 (chìdì)
* 斥埴
* 斥堠
* 斥大
* 斥斥
* 斥罵 / 斥骂 (chìmà)
* 斥罷 / 斥罢
* 斥責 / 斥责 (chìzé)
* 斥資 / 斥资 (chìzī)
* 斥賣 / 斥卖 (chìmài)
* 斥退 (chìtuì)
* 斥逐 (chìzhú)
* 斥革 (chìgé)
* 斥騎 / 斥骑
* 斥鷃 / 斥𮭨
* 斥鹵 / 斥卤 (chìlǔ)
* 申斥 (shēnchì)
* 痛斥 (tòngchì)
* 直斥 (zhíchì)
* 罷斥 / 罢斥
* 訓斥 / 训斥 (xùnchì)
* 訶斥 / 诃斥
* 貶斥 / 贬斥 (biǎnchì)
* 遷斥 / 迁斥
* 鄙斥
* 駁斥 / 驳斥 (bóchì)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chè (che$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄜˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chè
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻê$^4$
*** Yale: chè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheh
*** Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsyhaeH
Rime :
| Character | 斥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 充夜切 |
| Baxter | tsyhaeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕʰia$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕʰia$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕʰia$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cʰia$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕʰia$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕʰĭa$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡ɕʰi̯a$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ce$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 斥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 9441 |
| Phonetic component | 屰 |
| Rime group | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䞣 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs/ |
| Notes | 見爾雅 |

#### Definitions

斥
* Only used in 斥山.

### References

* “斥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “斥”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 32.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* repulse
* retreat

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
* Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
* Kun: しりぞける (shirizokeru, 斥ける)

## Korean
### Hanja

斥 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

斥: Hán Nôm readings: xịch, xệch, xích, sệch, xếch
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.