# 蒹

| 蒹 | U+84B9, &#33977; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84B9 |
| ← 蒸 [U+84B8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蒺 → [U+84BA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蒹 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿難金 (TTXC), four-corner 4423$_7$, composition ⿱艹兼)
* reed, Phragmites australis ( <= Phragmites communis), common reed

#### Derived characters

* 𣝈

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1050, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31621
* Dae Jaweon: page 1511, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3269, character 8
* Unihan data for U+84B9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 蒹
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 譧 | *r'eːms |
| 賺 | *r'eːms |
| 尲 | *kreːm |
| 鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
| 歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
| 槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
| 鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
| 稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
| 豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
| 甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
| 廉 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鎌 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
| 簾 | *ɡ·rem |
| 薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
| 嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
| 溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
| 嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
| 隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
| 熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 兼 | *keːm, *keːms |
| 縑 | *keːm |
| 鶼 | *keːm |
| 蒹 | *keːm |
| 搛 | *keːm |
| 謙 | *kʰeːm |
| 膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
| 傔 | *kʰeːms |
| 馦 | *qʰeːm |
| 嫌 | *ɡeːm |
| 鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
| 尷 | *kreːm |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiān (jian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gim$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): giĕng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gieng$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiam
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jian
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$
*** Yale: jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gim$^1$
*** Yale: gīm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gim$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kiːm⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: giĕng
*** Sinological IPA : /kieŋ⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gieng$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: giang
*** Sinological IPA : /kiɛŋ⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiam
*** Tâi-lô: kiam
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiafm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiam³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiam⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kem
Rime :
| Character | 蒹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 古甜切 |
| Baxter | kem |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kem/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kem/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɛm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɛm/ |
| Li Rong | /kem/ |
| Wang Li | /kiem/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kiem/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gim$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤem/
    (Zhengzhang): /*keːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蒹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kem › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁem/ |
| English | rush, sedge |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蒹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6066 |
| Phonetic component | 兼 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 兼 |
| Old Chinese | /*keːm/ |

### Definitions

蒹
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 蒹葭
* 蒹葭倚玉

### References

* “蒹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 320.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “蒹”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 103.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* type of reed

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): けん (ken)
* Kun: おぎ (ogi)

## Korean
### Hanja

蒹 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.