OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# אונן
## Hebrew
### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)oˈnan/
* Audio:(file)

#### Proper noun

אוֹנָן • ('Onán) m
* (biblical) Onan
** Tanach, Genesis 38:8, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוּדָה לְאוֹנָן בֹּא אֶל־אֵשֶׁת אָחִיךָ וְיַבֵּם אֹתָהּ וְהָקֵם זֶרַע לְאָחִיךָ׃And Judah said unto Onan: ‘Go in unto thy brother’s wife, and perform the duty of a husband’s brother unto her, and raise up seed to thy brother.’

##### Derived terms

* אוֹנֵן ('onén, “to masturbate”)
* אוֹנָנוּת ('onanút, “onanism, masturbation”)
* אוֹנָנִי ('onaní, “onanistic”)

##### Descendants

* → English: Onan
* → Ancient Greek: Αὐνάν (Aunán)

### Etymology 2

Derived from the biblical character Onan, who failed to perform the mitzvah of levirate marriage and as a result was put to death by God (Genesis 38:9-11). From the fact that he did so by coitus interruptus a number of Jewish and Christian schools of thought expand upon this story to include masturbation as a sin and the term onanism was thus coined in Western Europe, which was later calqued into Modern Hebrew.

#### Pronunciation

* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)oˈnen/

#### Verb

אוֹנֵן • ('onén) (pi'el construction)
* to masturbate
* (slang) to be lazy

##### Conjugation

$^1$ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

##### Synonyms

* הביא ביד (heví beyád)
* עינג את עצמו ('inég et 'atsmó)
* עשה ביד ('asá beyád)

#### Noun

אוֹנֵן • ('onén) m (plural indefinite אוֹנְנִים, singular construct אוֹנֵן־)
* masturbator, onanist

### References

* H209 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Klein, Ernest (1987) “אוֹנָן”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎, Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 12c
* “אונן” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
# წინარეინდოევროპული
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sʼinaɾeindoevɾopʼuli]
* Hyphenation: წი‧ნა‧რე‧ინ‧დო‧ევ‧რო‧პუ‧ლი

### Proper noun

წინარეინდოევროპული • (c̣inareindoevroṗuli)
* Proto-Indo-European language

### Adjective

წინარეინდოევროპული • (c̣inareindoevroṗuli) (not comparable)
* Proto-Indo-European
# 原価
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 原 | 価 |
| げん Grade: 2 | か Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spellings
* 原價 (kyūjitai) 元価

### Noun

原(げん)価(か) • (genka)
* cost price
# 放療
## Chinese

* 放療

### Etymology

Short for 放射療法／放射疗法.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fàngliáo
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoàng-liâu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fàngliáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fàngliáo
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^4$-liao$^2$
*** Yale: fàng-lyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqliau
*** Palladius: фанляо (fanljao)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoàng-liâu
*** Tâi-lô: huàng-liâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoarngliaau
*** IPA (Longyan): /huaŋ²¹³ liau¹¹/

### Noun

放療
* (medicine) radiotherapy

### References

* 郭启熹 [Guo, Qixi], editor (2016), “放疗”, in 龙岩方言词典 LONGYAN FANGYAN CIDIAN [Dictionary of Longyan dialect] (overall work in Min Nan and Mandarin), Xiamen: 鷺江出版社 [Lujiang Publishing House], →ISBN, page 465.
# 𐽺

| 𐽺 | U+10F7A, &#69498; OLD UYGHUR LETTER NUN |
| ← 𐽹 [U+10F79] | Old Uyghur | 𐽻 → [U+10F7B] |

## Old Uyghur
### Etymology

Derived from Sogdian 𐼻 (n).

### Letter

𐽺 (n)
* nun

### Descendants

* Mongolian: ᠨ (n), ᢏ
# γυρίζω
## Greek
### Alternative forms

* γυρνάω (gyrnáo) / γυρνώ (gyrnó)

### Etymology

Inherited from Byzantine Greek γυρίζω (gurízō), from Ancient Greek γῦρ(ος) (gûr(os), “ring, circle”) + -ίζω (-ízo). Compare to the variant γυρνάω/γυρνώ (gyrnáo/gyrnó).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʝiˈɾi.zo/
* Hyphenation: γυ‧ρί‧ζω

### Verb

γυρίζω • (gyrízo) (past γύρισα, passive γυρίζομαι, p‑past γυρίστηκα, ppp γυρισμένος)
* (transitive, intransitive) to turn, return, switch
* (intransitive) to return

#### Related terms

With -γυρίζω (or also with γυρνάω)
* αναγυρίζω (anagyrízo, “to turn over, to invert”)
* αναποδογυρίζω (anapodogyrízo, “to overturn”)
* κλωθωγυρίζω (klothogyrízo), κλωθωγυρνάω/κλωθωγυρνώ (klothogyrnáo/klothogyrnó)
* ξαναγυρίζω (xanagyrízo), ξαναγυρνάω/ξαναγυρνώ (xanagyrnáo/xanagyrnó)
* στριφογυρίζω (strifogyrízo)
* συγυρίζω (sygyrízo)
* τριγυρίζω (trigyrízo), τριγυρνάω/τριγυρνώ (trigyrnáo/trigyrnó)
and see: γυρνάω (gyrnáo) / γυρνώ (gyrnó)

### References

* ↑ γυρίζω - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre

### Further reading

* γυρίζω, γυρνώ, -άω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
* γυρίζω, γυρνώ κ. -άω - Charalambakis, Chistoforos et al. (2014) Χρηστικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Christiko lexiko tis Neoellhnikis Glossas) [A Practical dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek) Athens: Academy of Athens. (online since 2023 - abbreviations - symbols)
* γυρίζω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* γυρίζω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# cừ
## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [kɨ˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [kɨ˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kɨ˨˩]

### Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 渠.

#### Noun

cừ • (佢, 渠)
* (obsolete) a canal; a drain; a small stream

##### Derived terms

* cừ cống

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

cừ
* a row of stakes consisting of wood, steel or bamboo used to prevent water from seeping through or to retain soil and rocks
* (fishing) a row of stakes used as a fishing weir

#### Verb

cừ
* to plant a stake

### Etymology 3

Shortened from cừ khôi, and is therefore superficially the same morpheme as etymology 1.

#### Adjective

cừ • (佢, 渠)
* (colloquial) excellent; outstanding; smart
    Synonym: xuất sắc
# בוימל
## Yiddish
### Etymology 1

From בוים (boym) +‎ ־ל (-l).

#### Noun

בוימל • (boyml) n, plural בוימלעך (boymlekh)
* diminutive of בוים (boym, “tree”)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle High German boumöl, equivalent to בוים (boym) +‎ אייל (eyl). Compare German Baumöl (literally “tree oil”).

#### Noun

בוימל • (boyml) m, plural בוימלען (boymlen)
* olive oil
    Synonym: איילבערט־אייל (eylbert-eyl)
* cooking oil, grease

##### Derived terms

* בוימלדיק (boymldik)

### References

* Astravux, Aljaksandar (2008) “bojml”, in Idyš-bjelaruski slóŭnik [Yiddish–Belarusian Dictionary], Minsk: Mjedisónt, →ISBN, page 166
* Justus van de Kamp et al., “בוימל” in Jiddisch-Nederlands Woordenboek [Yiddish-Dutch Dictionary], Amsterdam: Stichting Jiddische Lexicografie, 1987-present (ongoing). .
* Beinfeld, Solon, Bochner, Harry (2013) “בוימל”, in Comprehensive Yiddish-English Dictionary, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, →ISBN
# חמוצית
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Coined from חָמוּץ (khamúts, “sour”) +‎ ־ִית.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /χamuˈt͡sit/

### Noun

חֲמוּצִית • (khamutsít) f (plural indefinite חמוציות)
* cranberry

#### Synonyms

* קַפְטָה (kaftá) (obsolete)
# წინარექართველური
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡sʼinaɾekʰaɾtʰʷeɫuɾi]
* Hyphenation: წი‧ნა‧რე‧ქარ‧თვე‧ლუ‧რი

### Proper noun

წინარექართველური • (c̣inarekartveluri)
* Proto-Kartvelian language

### Adjective

წინარექართველური • (c̣inarekartveluri) (not comparable)
* Proto-Kartvelian
# ⲫⲟⲃⲟⲥ
## Coptic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos).

### Noun

ⲫⲟⲃⲟⲥ • (phobos) m
* (Sahidic) fear

### Proper noun

ⲫⲟⲃⲟⲥ • (phobos) m
* (Sahidic) Phobos, greek god of fear. Son of Ares
# springer
## English
### Etymology

From spring +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɪŋə(ɹ)

### Noun

springer (plural springers)
* A person that springs.
* Anything that springs.
* A spring salmon.
* A stone at the base of an arch (from which the arch springs).
* A springing cow.
* A springer spaniel.
* A springbok.

#### Derived terms

* cross-springer, cross springer
* English springer
* mudspringer
* secret springer
* springer antelope
* springer fork
* springer point
* springer spaniel
* springer-up
* Welsh springer

#### Related terms

* Eptatretus springeri
* klippspringer, klipspringer

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* respring

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From springe (“jump”) +‎ -er.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sprenɡər/, [ˈsb̥ʁeŋɐ]

#### Noun

springer c (singular definite springeren, plural indefinite springere)
* knight (chess)
* jumper
* dolphin

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

See springe (“to jump, leap”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sprenɡər/, [ˈsb̥ʁeŋˀɐ]

#### Verb

springer
* present of springe

### See also

Chess pieces in Danish · skakbrikker (skak + brikker) (layout · text) :
| konge | dronning | tårn | løber | springer | bonde |
* springer on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$
* Springer (skak) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$
* Springer (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{da}$

### References

* “springer” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Etymology

From springen +‎ -er.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

springer m (plural springers, diminutive springertje n)
* agent noun of springen

#### Derived terms

* klipspringer

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

springer m (definite singular springeren, indefinite plural springere, definite plural springerne)
* (chess) a knight (chess piece)

#### See also

* springar (Nynorsk)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

springer
* present tense of springe

### References

* “springer” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Swedish
### Verb

springer
* present indicative of springa
# 納粹主義
## Chinese

| | | Nazi | doctrine; ideology; -ismdoctrine; ideology; -ism; position; stance |
| trad. (納粹主義) | trad. (納粹主義) | 納粹 | 主義 |
| simp. (纳粹主义) | simp. (纳粹主义) | 纳粹 | 主义 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nàcuìzhǔyì
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄚˋ ㄘㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): naap$^6$ seoi$^5$ zyu$^2$ ji$^6$ / naap$^6$ seoi$^3$ zyu$^2$ ji$^6$ / naap$^6$ seoi$^6$ zyu$^2$ ji$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nàcuìzhǔyì
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˋ ㄘㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nàcuèijhǔyì
*** Wade–Giles: na$^4$-tsʻui$^4$-chu$^3$-i$^4$
*** Yale: nà-tswèi-jǔ-yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nahtsueyjuuyih
*** Palladius: нацуйчжуи (nacujčžui)
*** Sinological IPA : /nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: naap$^6$ seoi$^5$ zyu$^2$ ji$^6$ / naap$^6$ seoi$^3$ zyu$^2$ ji$^6$ / naap$^6$ seoi$^6$ zyu$^2$ ji$^6$
*** Yale: naahp séuih jyú yih / naahp seui jyú yih / naahp seuih jyú yih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: naap$^9$ soey$^5$ dzy$^2$ ji$^6$ / naap$^9$ soey$^3$ dzy$^2$ ji$^6$ / naap$^9$ soey$^6$ dzy$^2$ ji$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nab$^6$ sêu$^5$ ju$^2$ yi$^6$ / nab$^6$ sêu$^3$ ju$^2$ yi$^6$ / nab$^6$ sêu$^6$ ju$^2$ yi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /naːp̚² sɵy̯¹³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/, /naːp̚² sɵy̯³³ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/, /naːp̚² sɵy̯²² t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

### Noun

納粹主義
* Nazism
       Nàcuìzhǔyì shì rénlèi de dúliú. [Pinyin]
       Nazism is a malignant tumor on humanity.

#### See also

* 法西斯主義／法西斯主义 (fǎxīsī zhǔyì)
# دتݢور
## Malay
### Verb

دتݢور
* Jawi spelling of ditegur‎.
# кропивницький
## Ukrainian
### Etymology

Кропивни́цький (Kropyvnýcʹkyj) +‎ -цький (-cʹkyj). Cognates with Belarusian крапіўні́цкі (krapiŭnícki), Belarusian крапыўны́цкі (krapyŭnýcki), Czech kropyvnycký, Polish kropywnycki, Russian кропивни́цкий (kropivníckij).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [krɔpeu̯ˈnɪt͡sʲkei̯]

### Adjective

кропивни́цький • (kropyvnýcʹkyj)
* (relational) Kropyvnytskyi (city in the Kirovohrad Oblast of Ukraine)

#### Declension
### References

* “кропивницький”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
# עולם
## Hebrew
### Etymology

Cognate with Aramaic עָלְמָא (ʿāləmā), Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam), Amharic ዓለም (ʿaläm).

### Pronunciation

* (Biblical Hebrew) IPA: /ʕoːˈlaːm/
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA: /ʕoˈlɔm/ [ʕoːˈlɔːm]
* (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA: /ʕøˈlɔm/ [ʕøːˈlɔːm], [ʕeːˈlɔːm]
* (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA: /ŋoˈlam/ (West), /ʕoˈlam/ (East)
* (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA: /oːˈlɔm/, /ojˈlɔm/
* (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA: /(ʔ)oˈlam/
* Rhymes: -am

### Noun

עוֹלָם • ('olám) m (plural indefinite עוֹלָמִים or עוֹלָמוֹת, singular construct עוֹלַם־, plural construct עוֹלְמֵי־) [pattern: קוֹטָל]
* (The) world: (the) Earth, (the) globe.
* (The) world: the states and nations of the world.
* A world: an area, a field of study.
* Ever, eternity.
* A world: the entirety of a person's life and experience.

#### Usage notes

The plural is generally עוֹלָמִים (olamím, “eternity”) when referring to time and עוֹלָמוֹת (olamót, “worlds”) when referring to place (a meaning originating from Mishnaic Hebrew).

#### Derived terms

* אַהֲבַת עוֹלָם (ahavát 'olám)
* אֲסִיר עוֹלָם (asír 'olám)
* בּוֹרֵא עוֹלָם (bore' 'olam)
* בֵּית עוֹלָם (beit-olám)
* הָלַךְ לְעוֹלָמוֹ (halách l'olamó)
* הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא (ha'olám habá)
* הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה (ha'olám hazé)
* לְעוֹלָם (l'olám)
* מֵעוֹלָם (me'olám)
* עוֹלָמִי (olamí)
* תִּקּוּן עוֹלָם (tikún olám)

### References

* ↑ Shamma Friedman (2014 October 7) “הריבוי ״עולמים״/״עולמות״ [The pluralization of olamím/olamót]”, in Academy of the Hebrew Language‎‎
* ↑ “אם עולם הוא זכר (לדוגמה: עולם חדש) – אז למה ברבים ׳עולמות׳ – ולא ׳עולמים׳? [If olám is masculine (for example: olám khadásh) – then why, in the plural, is it olamót – and not olamím?]”, in Instagram‎, 2022 April 10

### References

* H5769 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

## Yiddish
### Etymology

From Hebrew עוֹלָם (olám).

### Noun

עולם • (oylem) m, plural עולמס (oylems)
* public
* audience, turnout
* crowd

#### Derived terms

* דער ברײַטער עולם (der brayter oylem)

### Noun

עולם • (oylem) m, plural עולמות (oylemes/oylomes)
* world
* (in the plural) the heavens, metaphysical spheres

#### Derived terms

* אויף עולמות (oyf oylemes/oylomes)
* בית־עולם (beys oylem)
* עולם הבא (oylem habe)
* עולם הזה (oylem haze)
# Thorpe
## English
### Etymology

Various places in England, from Old English þorp. See also thorpe.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ˈθɔɹp/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈθɔːp/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)p

### Proper noun

Thorpe (usually uncountable, plural Thorpes)
* A common habitational surname from Old English.
* Any of many placenames in England:
** A village in Derbyshire Dales district, Derbyshire
** A village in Craven district, North Yorkshire
** A village in Newark and Sherwood district, Nottinghamshire
** A village in Runnymede borough, Surrey (OS grid ref TQ0268).
* An unincorporated community in Dallas County, Missouri, United States.

#### Derived terms

* Aldringham cum Thorpe
* Burnham Thorpe
* Jim Thorpe
* Lower Thorpe
* Shipton Thorpe, Shiptonthorpe
* Thorpe Achurch
* Thorpe Arnold
* Thorpe Audlin
* Thorpe Bay
* Thorpe Constantine
* Thorpe Culvert
* Thorpe-Ingold effect
* Thorpe-le-Soken
* Thorpe Mandeville
* Thorpe Market
* Thorpe Marsh
* Thorpe Park
* Thorpe Satchville
* Thorpe St Andrew
* Thorpe St Peter
* Thorpe Thewles
* Thorpe Tilney
* Thorpe Waterville
* Wycliffe with Thorpe

### Anagrams

* Topher, pother, tephro-
# تشكيل
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of شَكَّلَ (šakkala).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taʃ.kiːl/
* Rhymes: -iːl

### Noun

تَشْكِيل • (taškīl) m (plural تَشْكِيلَات (taškīlāt))
* verbal noun of شَكَّلَ (šakkala) (form II)
* formation, forming, foundation, establishment
    تَشْكِيل حُكُومَة ― taškīl ḥukūma ― forming a government
* a formation
    تَشْكِيل وِزَارِيّ ― taškīl wizāriyy ― a cabinet formation
* (grammar, linguistics) Arabic diacritics, vocalization, vowelization, tashkil

#### Descendants

(from the singular form)
* → English: tashkil
* → Azerbaijani: təşkil
* → Persian: تَشکیل
** → Hindi: तश्कील (taśkīl)
** → Urdu: تَشْکِیل (taśkīl)
* → Ottoman Turkish: تشكیل
** → Turkish: teşkil
* → Uyghur: تەشكىل (teshkil)
* → Uzbek: tashkil
(from the plural form تَشْكِيلَات (taškīlāt))
* → Azerbaijani: təşkilat
* → Kumyk: ташкилат (taşkilat)
* → Ottoman Turkish: تشكیلات
** > Turkish: teşkilat (inherited)
** → Crimean Tatar: teşkilât
* → Persian: تشکیلات
* → Uyghur: تەشكىلات (teshkilat)
* → Uzbek: tashkilot
# 𐾀

| 𐾀 | U+10F80, &#69504; OLD UYGHUR LETTER TAW |
| ← 𐽿 [U+10F7F] | Old Uyghur | 𐾁 → [U+10F81] |

## Old Uyghur
### Etymology

Derived from Sogdian 𐽂 (t).

### Letter

𐾀 (t)
* taw

### Descendants

* Mongolian: ᠲ (t)
# flexus
## English
### Etymology

From Latin.

### Noun

flexus (plural flexus)
* (astronomy, geology) A low, curvilinear ridge with a scalloped pattern.
* (dentistry) In infolding of enamel that separates lophs on an upper tooth.
** 1955, Joseph Augustine Cushman, Raymond Cecil Moore, John Bernard Reeside, Journal of Paleontology, volume 29, page 130:A flexid or flexus is said to abut when the enamel of the flexid or flexus touches the enamel of the opposite side of the tooth. The distal end or termination of the flexid or flexus is described as flattened, rounded or narrowed.

#### Derived terms

* anteroflexus
* hypoflexus
* mesoflexus
* metaflexus
* paraflexus
* posteroflexus
* protoflexus
* punctus flexus

### Anagrams

* fluxes, sexful

## Latin
### Etymology

From flectō (“bend”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈflek.sus/, [ˈfɫ̪ɛks̠ʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈflek.sus/, [ˈflɛksus]

### Noun

flexus m (genitive flexūs); fourth declension
* a bending, turning, winding
* a transition, changing
* (of speech) modulation, inflection of the voice
* (grammar) inflection

#### Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

#### Synonyms

* (grammar) flexura

#### Descendants

* → English: flex, flexus
* → Italian: flesso
* Spanish: flexo, flexor

### Participle

flexus (feminine flexa, neuter flexum); first/second-declension participle
* bent, curved, having been bent.
* turned, having been turned around.
* (figuratively) persuaded, having been prevailed upon.
* (grammar) declined, conjugated, having been inflected.

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

### Related terms

* flectō
* flexanimus
* flexibilis
* flexibilitās
* flexilis
* flexiō
* flexipēs
* flexivicē
* flexō
* flexuōsē
* flexuōsus
* flexūra

### References

* “flexus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “flexus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "flexus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* flexus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
# -ster
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English -estere, -ester, from Old English -estre (“-ster”, feminine agent suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā, of disputed origin. Cognate with Middle Low German -ester, Dutch -ster.

### Suffix

-ster
* Someone who is, or who is associated with, or who does something specified.
* (humorous, sometimes offensive) A diminutive appended to a person's name.
** 1992, Russell Baker, "Observer; Pretty Good Read" (review of What It Takes by Richard Ben Cramer), New York Times, 25 Jul.,
    Cramer's exploration of the hearts, minds and souls of America's ambition-crazed Presidential candidates moves ahead at a pace that feels childishly frantic . . . . This is not just because it keeps referring to Senator Robert Dole as "the Bobster."
** 2023 April 21, John Crace, “Psycho goes down raging: the liberal wokerati finally get to Raab”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:“Never better,” the Raabster spat back. “Just get on with it. What’s the score?”

#### Usage notes

* Relatively uncommon for agent nouns, compared to more usual -er and -or; primarily used for single-syllable words. Also informal, particularly in contemporary productive use – compare hipster, scenester, bankster; older terms such as barrister do not have this casual connotation, however.
* Sometimes used in proper names, e.g. Napster (file-sharing software), Blockster (Brandon Block, disc jockey)
* In older words, used as a suffix for jobs that were held by women, e.g., webster (“female webber, or weaver”), baxter (“female baker”), spinster (“female spinner”), brewster (“female brewer”).

#### Synonyms

* -er
* -or

#### Derived terms

* Baxter
* dumpster
* huckster
* spinster
* teamster
* youngster

### Anagrams

* Rest., 'rest, rest., REST, ERTs, rets, erst, rest, tres, RETs, TERs, SERT, estr-, -estr-

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch -ster, from Old Dutch *-istra, from Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā; cognate with Middle Low German -ester, Old English -estre. Perhaps also merging with Vulgar Latin -istria, borrowed from Ancient Greek -ιστρια (-istria).

### Suffix

-ster f
* female equivalent of -er

#### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ A. van Loey, "Schönfeld's Historische Grammatica van het Nederlands", Zutphen, 8. druk, 1970, →ISBN; § 177

## Middle English
### Suffix

-ster
* Alternative form of -estere
# ony
## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech ony, from Proto-Slavic *ony. Cognate to Polish one.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈonɪ]
* Audio:(file)

### Pronoun

ony m inan pl or f pl
* they (third person personal nonvirile plural)

#### Declension

$^1$After a preposition.

#### Related terms

$^1$ animate referents only, for inanimate ones ony is used.

#### See also

* (masculine animate plural): oni
* (neuter plural): ona

### Pronoun

ony
* inflection of onen:
** accusative animate masculine plural
** nominative/accusative inanimate masculine plural
** nominative/accusative feminine plural

### Further reading

* “ony”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “ony”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “ony”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Malagasy
### Noun

ony
* river

## Middle English
### Determiner

ony
* Alternative form of ani
** 1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 10–11:Now is þ[er] ony ſeyde Marlyon that ye love more than a noþ[er] ·(please add an English translation of this quotation)

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ony.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈonɨ/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈoni/

### Pronoun

ony f pl (third person)
* they (feminine plural)
* (later) they (masculine inanimate plural)

#### Descendants

* Czech: ony

### Pronoun

ony
* nominative/accusative feminine plural of onen

## Polish
### Etymology

Coined in 2004 by science fiction and fantasy writer Jacek Dukaj, in his book titled Perfect Imperfection. Comparable to Polish oni.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɔ.nɘ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔnɘ
* Syllabification: o‧ny

### Pronoun

ony (singular: onu)
* they (nonstandard, third-person plural nominative, non-binary pronoun)

#### Related terms

* on
* ona
* one
* oni
* ono
* Appendix:Polish pronouns

### Further reading

* ony in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* ony in zaimki.pl

## Scots
### Adverb

ony (not comparable)
* Alternative form of onie

### Determiner

ony
* Alternative form of onie

### References

* “ony”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

## Slovak
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɔni]

### Pronoun

ony
* masculine/feminine/neuter nominative plural of on (“they”)

#### Related terms

* masculine animate only, ony otherwise

### Further reading

* “ony”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025