# grama
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish grama (“grass”), from Latin grāmina, plural of grāmen (“grass”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɡɹɑːmə/, /ˈɡɹamə/
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### Noun

grama (countable and uncountable, plural gramas)
* Various species of grass in the genus Bouteloua, including Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama)
** 1864, Fitz-Hugh Ludlow., The Atlantic:To understand the exquisite beauty of simple green grass, you must travel through eight hundred miles of sage-brush and grama...the latter, a stunted species of herbage, growing in ash tinted spirals, only two inches from the ground, and giving the Plains an appearance of being matted with curled hair or gray corkscrews. Its other name is “buffalo grass”; and in spite of its dinginess, with the assistance of the sage, converting all the Plains west of Fort Kearney into a model Quaker landscape, it is one of the most nutritious varieties of cattle fodder, and for hundreds of miles the emigrant drover’s only dependence.
** 2005 October 17, Tom Drury, “Path Lights”, in The New Yorker:Every few years, Ingrid goes back to take a look, even though all that’s left is the old bleached shell of a house, surrounded by blue grama grass and tall trees with pale bark and waxy leaves.
** 2013, Philipp Meyer, The Son, Simon & Schuster, published 2014, page 95:The grass was thick around us, grama and bluestem, more than could ever be eaten.

#### Derived terms

* gramagrass

### Anagrams

* Magar, marga, ragam, rāgam

## Catalan
### Noun

grama f (plural grames)
* Alternative form of gram (“Bermuda grass”)

### Further reading

* “grama” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Fala
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from Latin grāmina (“grasses”), plural of grāmen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾama/
* Rhymes: -ama
* Syllabification: gra‧ma

### Noun

grama f (plural gramas)
* grass

### References

* Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

## Galician
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from Latin grāmina (“grasses”), plural of grāmen. Cognate with Portuguese grama and Spanish grama.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾama̝/

#### Noun

grama f (plural gramas)
* grass, in particular
** couch grass (Elymus repens)
    Synonym: rengo
** Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)
    Synonyms: cerreña, nervia
** velvetgrass (Holcus lanatus)
** wheatgrass (Agropyron)

#### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “grama”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “grama”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “grama”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “grama”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

grama
* inflection of gramar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡra.ma/
* Rhymes: -ama
* Hyphenation: grà‧ma

### Adjective

grama
* feminine singular of gramo

### Anagrams

* Magra, magra

## Occitan
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

grama m (plural gramas)
* gram

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* groma

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gramô. Cognate with Old Saxon gramo, Old Saxon gremi, Old High German gramo, Old Norse gremi. Akin also to Old English gram (“angry, cruel, fierce”), grimm, grim (“fierce, savage”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡrɑ.mɑ/

### Noun

grama m (nominative plural graman)
* anger, rage, wrath, indignation, fury; trouble
* demonic spirit, devil, fiend, demon; imp, puck

#### Declension

Weak:

#### Descendants

* Middle English: grame, grome
** English: grame

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡɾɐ̃.mɐ/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡɾɐ̃.mɐ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈɡɾɐ.ma/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈɡɾɐ.mɐ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈɡɾɐ.mɐ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ˈɡɾa.mɐ/
* Rhymes: -ɐmɐ, -ɐ̃mɐ
* Hyphenation: gra‧ma

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from Latin grāmĭna, plural of grāmen. Compare Galician and Spanish grama.

#### Noun

grama f (plural gramas)
* (Brazil) grass
    Synonyms: relva, erva

##### Related terms

* gramado

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”), a semantic calque of Latin scripulum.

#### Noun

grama m or (nonstandard) f (plural gramas)
* gram (unit of mass)

##### Related terms

* micrograma
* quilograma

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

grama
* inflection of gramar:
** third-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin grāmĭna, plural of grāmen. Compare Portuguese grama.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡɾama/ [ˈɡɾa.ma]
* Audio (Colombia):(file)
* Rhymes: -ama
* Syllabification: gra‧ma

### Noun

grama f (plural gramas)
* grass (mostly varieties intended for cattle fodder)
* (Caribbean, Guatemala, El Salvador) lawn

#### Derived terms

* cortadora de grama (“lawnmower”) (El Salvador, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica)
* cortagrama (“lawnmower”) (El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, Venezuela)
* grama bahiana
* grama cebollera
* grama salada
* gramilla
* máquina de cortar grama (“lawnmower”) (Puerto Rico)

#### See also

* hierba

### Further reading

* “grama”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10