# z

| z | U+007A, &#122; LATIN SMALL LETTER Z |
| ← y [U+0079] | Basic Latin | { → [U+007B] |
| ᶻ | U+1DBB, &#7611; MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Z |
| ← ᶺ [U+1DBA] | Phonetic Extensions Supplement | ᶼ → [U+1DBC] |
| 𝆎 | U+1D18E, &#119182; MUSICAL SYMBOL Z |
| ← 𝆍 [U+1D18D] | Musical Symbols | 𝆏 → [U+1D18F] |
| ｚ | U+FF5A, &#65370; FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER Z |
| ← ｙ [U+FF59] | Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms | ｛ → [U+FF5B] |

## Translingual
### Pronunciation

* Pronunciation of IPA [zɑː, ɑzzɑː] with the sound [z]:(file)

### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* The twenty-sixth and last letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

#### See also

* (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
* (Variations of letter Z): Źź Ẑẑ Žž Żż Ẓẓ Ẕẕ Ƶƶ Ȥȥ Ⱬⱬ ᵶ ᶎ ʐ ʑ ɀ ᴢ Ｚｚ DZDzdz Ǳǲǳ DŽDždž Ǆǅǆ
* Greek ζ, Hebrew ז.

### Symbol

z
* (metrology) Symbol for the prefix zepto-.
* (astronomy) Symbol for the redshift.
* (mathematics) Used to denote a real variable when x and y are already in use.
    $f\left(x,y,z\right)=\sin x+\cos y+\tan z$
* (mathematics) Used to denote the third coordinate in three-dimensional Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems.
    $x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}=1$
* (mathematics) Used to denote a complex variable.
    $\left\Vert z\right\Vert =z\cdot {\bar {z}}$
* (statistics) Used to denote a value of a standard normal random variable.
    $P[Z>z]=1-P[Z<z]=1-\Phi (z)$
* (chemistry) Symbol for atomic number.
* (IPA) a voiced alveolar sibilant.
* (superscript ⟨ᶻ⟩, IPA) [z]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [dᶻ], sometimes implying an affricate [d͜z]); [z]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [z].
    Lushootseed uses the affricate convention for its alphabetic letter ⟨dᶻ⟩.

#### Derived terms
##### Prefix zepto-

* zA
* zcd
* zK
* zkg
* zm
* zmol
* zs
* zBq
* zC
* zF
* zGy
* zH
* zHz
* zJ
* zkat
* zlm
* zlx
* zN
* zPa
* zrad
* zS
* zsr
* zSv
* zT
* zV
* zW
* zWb
* zΩ

### Gallery

* Letter styles
* Uppercase and lowercase versions of Z, in normal and italic type
* Uppercase and lowercase Z in Fraktur

### See also

Other representations of Z:
| NATO phonetic: Zulu Morse code: ––·· Braille: ⠵ ASL Manual: Z | Signal flag: | Semaphore: |

## English
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

Letter name
* (UK) IPA: /zɛd/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ziː/
* Audio (California):(file)
* (Hong Kong) IPA: /iˈzɛd/, /ɪˈzɛd/ (from izzard)
* (India) IPA: /ɪˈzɛd/, /ɪˈzɛɖ/, /zɛɖ/, /zɛd/
* Rhymes: -ɛd, -iː
Phoneme
* IPA: /z/

#### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z, plural zs or z's)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the English alphabet, called zed, zee, or izzard and written in the Latin script.

##### Derived terms

* catch some z's
* grab some z's
* stack z's
* z-average
* z-axis
* z-buffer
* z car
* z-culling
* z-direction
* z-fighting
* z-index
* z-intercept
* z-order
* z-test
* z-variant
* z-word

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

### Etymology 2

Abbreviations.
z
* (Stenoscript) the sound /z/, regardless of spelling.
    Note: plural /s/, /z/ or /əz/ in nouns is instead indicated by an optional dot under last letter; 3sg /s/, /z/ or /əz/ in verbs is not written at all, except for hz 'has', sz 'says', dz 'does'
* (Stenoscript) the sound /ʃ/, /ʒ/, or the sequence /ziː/.
* (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of as, was, his, she.

## Albanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* The thirty-fifth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

## Alemannic German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡s/

### Etymology 1
#### Article

z n
* Synonym of s: the
    Gfallt der z Huus? ― Do you like the house?

### Etymology 2
#### Preposition

z
* unstressed form of of zue
    Mir wonen z Züri. ― We live in Zurich.

### Etymology 3
#### Preposition

z
* unstressed form of of zu
    Das isch z vill. ― This is too much.

## Azerbaijani
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /z/

### Letter

z lower case (upper case Z)
* The thirty-second letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /s̻eta/, [s̻e̞.t̪a]

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-seventh letter of the Basque alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [ˈzɛ.tə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈzɛ.ta]

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) lletres; A a (À à), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Central Mazahua
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ

## Cimbrian
### Alternative forms

* 's (Sette Comuni)

### Article

z
* (Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
** nominative singular neuter
** accusative singular neuter

### References

* Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

## Czech
### Alternative forms

* ze

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech z, ze, from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/
* Audio:(file)

### Preposition

z [with genitive]
* from
    Toto víno pochází z Francie. ― This wine comes from France.
* out of
    Pět z deseti doktorů doporučuje tuto zubní pastu. ― Five out of ten doctors recommend this toothpaste.

#### Usage notes

* The more usual form is z, while ze is used before words starting with s, z and certain consonant clusters.
* In certain contexts (in the meaning "out of the surface" or "down from the surface") the preposition s, which normally requires instrumental case, can be used synonymously requiring the genitive case. This use of the preposition s is dated though and is mainly seen in older literature.
** spadnout z/s kopce ― to fall down the hill
** sundat něco ze/se skříně ― to take something off the cupboard

### Further reading

* “z”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “z”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛt
* (letter name): IPA: /zɛt/

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* Previous letter: y

## Egyptian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /zɛ/, /zɑ/
** Conventional anglicization: ze, za

#### Noun

m
* door bolt of wood or copper [since the Pyramid Texts]

##### Alternative forms

| [Old Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [Late Period] | [Late Period] |

#### See also

* 𓊃

### Etymology 2

Speculatively, Ehret hypothesizes an origin in Proto-Afroasiatic *ji (one, someone, somebody); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking. Compare Hebrew זֶה.

#### Pronunciation

* (reconstructed) IPA: /zuʀ/ → /suʀ/ → /suʔ/ → /søʔ/
* (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA: /zuʀ/ (singular); IPA: /ˈzuʀwaw/ (plural)
* (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA: /suʀ/ (singular); IPA: /ˈsuʀwaw/ (plural)
* (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA: /suʔ/ (singular); IPA: /ˈsuːwə/ (plural)
* (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA: /søʔ/ (singular); IPA: /seːw/ (plural)
* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /zɛ/, /zɑ/
** Conventional anglicization: ze, za

#### Noun

m
* man (male person) [since the Old Kingdom]
* someone, anyone
** c. 1944 BCE, (year 17 of the reign of Senusret I), Stela of Mentuwoser (MMA 12.184), lines 11–12:
    nj sḏr z ḥqr.w r dmj.jNo one went to bed hungry in my district.

##### Usage notes

This word can be placed after a type of person and before a number to indicate that many prisoners of that type were taken.

##### Alternative forms

| z | z | z | z | s | s | sj | sꜣ |
| [Old Kingdom] | [since the Old Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [since the 19th Dynasty] | [since the 19th Dynasty] | [Late Period] | [Greco-Roman Period] |

#### See also

* 𓀀

##### Derived terms

* z jm
* z-n-wsrt

##### Descendants

* Coptic: ⲥⲁ- (sa-)

#### Noun

m
* being, creature (used of a snake) [Pyramid Texts]

##### Inflection
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* (modern Egyptological) IPA: /zɛ/, /zɑ/
** Conventional anglicization: ze, za

#### Noun

m
* A type of fish [22nd dynasty]

##### Inflection
### References

* Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

## Esperanto
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /zo/
* (phoneme): IPA: /z/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-eighth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called zo and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

## Estonian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtsetː/

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called tsett and written in the Latin script.

#### Usage notes

* Used only in loanwords.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

## Finnish
### Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and z for information on the development of the glyph itself.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (letter name); “tset”:(file)

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called tseta or tset and written in the Latin script.

#### Usage notes

* Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with ts.

#### Derived terms

* hattu-z
* suhu-z
* z-akseli
* z-suunta

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

## French
### Pronunciation

* (letter name) IPA: /zɛd/

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

## Gothic
### Romanization

z
* Romanization of 𐌶

## Heiltsuk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͜s/

### Letter

z (uppel case Z)
* A letter of the Heiltsuk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, A̓ a̓, B b, C c, C̓ c̓, D d, Ꟛ ꟛ, G g, Gv gv, Ǧ ǧ, Ǧv ǧv, H h, H̓ h̓, Ħ ħ, I i, Í í, I̓ i̓, K k, Kv kv, K̓ k̓, K̓v k̓v, L l, ʼL l̓, Ḷ ḷ, Ḷ́ ḷ́, ʼḶ ḷ̓, Ɫ ɫ, M m, ʼM m̓, Ṃ ṃ, Ṃ́ ṃ́, ʼṂ ṃ̓, N n, ʼN n̓, Ṇ ṇ, Ṇ́ ṇ́, ʼṆ ṇ̓, P p, P̓ p̓, Q q, Qv qv, Q̓ q̓, Q̓v q̓v, S s, T t, T̓ t̓, Ƛ ƛ, Ƛ̓ ƛ̓, U u, Ú ú, U̓ u̓, W w, ʼW w̓, X x, Xv xv, X̌ x̌, X̌v x̌v, Y y, ʼY y̓, Z z, ʔ

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme): IPA: [ˈz]
* (letter name): IPA: [ˈzeː]

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The thirty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called zé and written in the Latin script.

#### Declension
### See also

* (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

### Further reading

* z in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Ido
### Pronunciation

* (context pronunciation) IPA: /z/
* (letter name) IPA: /ze/

### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/ (usually unless before a voiced consonant)
* IPA: /s/ (sometimes before a voiced consonant e.g. Mazmur)

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### Usage notes

* Used only in loanwords from Arabic, English, etc.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Italian
### Letter

z f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-first letter of the Italian alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.

## Kankanaey
### Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog z. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English z.

### Pronunciation

* (letter name) IPA: /zi/ [zi̞]
** IPA: (more native-sounding) /si/ [si̞]
** Rhymes: -i
* (phoneme) IPA: /z/ [z]
** IPA: (more native-sounding) /s/ [s]

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-eighth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called zi and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

### References

* Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎ (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

## Kashubian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈz/ (before a voiced consonant)
* IPA: /ˈs/ (before a voiceless consonant)
* Syllabification: w

### Etymology 1

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and z for development of the glyph itself.

#### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The thirty-second letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, Ã ã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz.

#### Preposition

z
* from, out of [with genitive]

#### Alternative forms

* ze, zez

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

#### Preposition

z
* denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside [with instrumental]

#### Alternative forms

* ze, zez

### Further reading

* Stefan Ramułt (1893) “z”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 258
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “z”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “z”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

## Latin
### Etymology

The minuscule form derives from the majuscule Z.

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-third letter of the Classical Latin alphabet, called zēta.

### References

* "z", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* “z”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

## Latvian
### Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [z]
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The thirty-second letter of the Latvian alphabet, called zē and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* Letters of the Latvian alphabet:
    burti: Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

## Livonian
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /z/

### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* The thirty-eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) kēratēd̦; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, D̦ d̦, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

#### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* The thirty-second letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called zet and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* See Template:list:Latin script letters/dsb.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

#### Alternative forms

* ze (used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/, (before a voiceless consonant) /s/

#### Preposition

z (with genitive)
* from, out of

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.

#### Alternative forms

* ze (used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/, (before a voiceless consonant) /s/

#### Preposition

z (with instrumental)
* with
    Stej bratš ze sotšu. They are brother and sister(literally, “brother with sister”)

## Malay
### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Maltese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡s/, /d͡z/
* Simple z is almost always /t͡s/. Geminated zz is also predominantly voiceless, but intervocalically it may represent /dd͡z/, notably in the verbal suffix -izza.

### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* The thirtieth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

## Navajo
### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, Ą ą, Ą́ ą́), B b, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e (É é, Ę ę, Ę́ ę́), G g, Gh gh, H h, Hw hw, X x, I i (Í í, Į į, Į́ į́), J j, K k, Kʼ kʼ, Kw kw, ʼ, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n (Ń ń), O o (Ó ó, Ǫ ǫ, Ǫ́ ǫ́), S s, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tł tł, Tłʼ tłʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

## Norwegian
### Pronunciation

* (letter name): IPA: /set/, /sɛt/
* (phoneme): IPA: /s/, /ʃ/
* Audio:(file)

### Letter

z
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### Usage notes

* Not used in Norwegian, only appears in loanwords from e.g. Slavic.
* Used interchangeably with s in Internet slang and informal writing.

## Nupe
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme): IPA: /z/

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-ninth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

## Old Czech
### Alternative forms

* ze

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

### Preposition

z
* from, out of [with genitive]

#### Descendants

* Czech: z

### References

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “z”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/, /s/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz. First attested in the 14th century.

#### Preposition

z [with genitive]
* denotes delative movement; off of
* denotes elative movement; out of
* denotes duration; since
* denotes a change of state; from
* denotes the composition of an item; from, out of, of
* denotes origin or cause; because of, from
* with a noun, denotes manner; by means of, from

#### Preposition

z [with accusative]
* denotes delative movement; off of

#### Preposition

z [with accusative]
* denotes delative movement; off of

#### Particle

z
* approximately, about

#### Alternative forms

* s, se, ze

##### Descendants

* Polish: z (“from”)
* Silesian: z (“from”)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n). First attested in the 14th century.

#### Preposition

z [with instrumental]
* denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside
* denotes instrumental relation; with, by means of
* denotes origin or cause; because of, from

#### Alternative forms

* s, se, ze

##### Descendants

* Polish: z (“with”)
* Silesian: z (“with”)

### References

* B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “z”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

## Polish
### Etymology 1

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and z for development of the glyph itself.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzɛt/

#### Letter

z (upper case Z, lower case)
* The thirtieth letter of the Polish alphabet, called zet and written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u (V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish z (“from”).

#### Alternative forms

* ze
* s (obsolete) [19th c.]

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -z
* Syllabification: z
* Homophones: s-, z-

#### Preposition

z [with genitive]
* denotes delative movement; off of
    Jesteś z przodu czy z tyłu? ― Are you at the front or at the back?
* denotes duration; since
* denotes a change of state; from
* denotes origin or cause; because of, from
* denotes elative movement; out of
    Jestem z Polski. ― I'm from Poland.
    jeden z dziesięciu ― one out of ten
* denotes the composition of an item; from, out of, of
    motyka z drewna ― a hoe made of wood

#### Particle

z
* (colloquial) approximately, about, around, ish, or so
    Synonyms: mniej więcej, około
    Mam z pięć jabłek ― I have five ish apples.

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Polish z (“with”).

#### Alternative forms

* ze
* s (obsolete) [19th c.]

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -z
* Syllabification: z
* Homophones: s-, z-

#### Preposition

z [with instrumental]
* denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside
    Antonym: bez
* denotes instrumental relation; with, by means of
    Podróżuje z prędkością światła! ― It's travelling at the speed of light?

### Usage notes

* The preposition or particle generally changes to ze when the pronunciation of the two consecutive words becomes problematic. Some dictionaries claim that this rule applies to words starting with one of the following consonants: s, z, ś, ź, ż, rz, sz that are followed by another consonant. Examples include:
    Ten pręt jest z żelaza. ― This rod is made of iron.
    Ten pręt jest ze stali. ― This rod is made of steel.
    Pochodzę z Francji. ― I come from France.
    Pochodzę ze Szwecji. ― I come from Sweden.
* The form ze is used also before mnie, mną, and forms of wszystko.
* Both z and ze can be used before sobą.

### Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), z is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1744 times in scientific texts, 1828 times in news, 1527 times in essays, 1920 times in fiction, and 1291 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 8310 times, making it the 7th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

### References

* ↑ Wielki słownik poprawnej polszczyzny. Keyword "z".
* ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990) “z”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 723, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 2

### Further reading

* z in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* z in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* “Z”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 20.02.2014
* Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “z”, in Słownik języka polskiego
* Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “z”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
* J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “z”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 1

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: (letter name) /ˈze/
* (Portugal) IPA: (letter name) /ˈze/

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Romani
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* (International Standard) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
* (Pan-Vlax) The thirty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The thirty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ze, zet, zed, or zî and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ă ă, Â â, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Î î, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ș ș, T t, Ț ț, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

## Sani
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z̊³³/

### Noun

z
* water

### References

* Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, volumes 26-27 (2003, Department of Linguistics, University of California), page 74
* Huang Bufan (editor), Xu Shouchun, Chen Jiaying, Wan Huiyin, A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon (1992; Central Minorities University, Beijing) (has z̊³³)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* Z (uppercase)

### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /z/

### Preposition

z (Cyrillic spelling з)
* (Kajkavian, Chakavian, Croatia) (+ instrumental case) with
** 1501, Marko Marulić, Judita:požgat su pritili sela naša stane, žene z dicom htili vest u svoje strane, inim dati rane, svih smrtno sikući;(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1622, Ivan Gundulić, Suze sina razmetnoga:od svjetlosti zrak otvori, i ostaše razlučene, z bielim danom noćne sjene:(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** 1927, Dragutin Domjanić, Kaj:I srce mi greje I z menom se smeje I v žalosti plače takaj.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (Kajkavian) (+ genitive case) from, out of
** 1927, Dragutin Domjanić, Kaj vrt si senja:Oblaček po nebu Si stiha putuje, A z trave još samo Šćurica se čuje.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Synonyms

* iz, s, sa, š

### Letter

z (Cyrillic spelling з)
* The 29th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by v and followed by ž.

## Seri
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃ/

### Etymology 1
#### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* The twenty-third letter of the Seri alphabet, called seta and written in the Latin script.

### Etymology 2
#### Article

z
* Pre-vocalic form of zo (“a, an”)

### References

* Moser, Mary B., Marlett, Stephen A. (2010) Comcaac quih yaza quih hant ihiip hac: cmiique iitom - cocsar iitom - maricaana iitom [Seri-Spanish-English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Hermosillo: Plaza y Valdés Editores, →ISBN, page 609.

## Silesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/, IPA: /zɨ/
* Syllabification: z

### Etymology 1

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and z for development of the glyph itself.

#### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The thirty-second letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, Ã ã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ŏ ŏ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish z (“from”).

#### Preposition

z [with genitive]
* denotes a point in space or time from which movement or an action starts; from
    Antonym: do
* denotes a material from which something is made; from, out of, made of

##### Alternative forms

* ze, ś, zy, s

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Polish z (“with”).

#### Preposition

z [with instrumental]
* denotes that something is a component; with
    Antonym: bez
* denotes that something is the contents of a container; with
    Antonym: bez
* denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside
    Antonym: bez
* denotes conditions or environment in which something occurs; with
    Antonym: bez

##### Alternative forms

* ze, ś, zy, s

### Further reading

* z in silling.org

## Skolt Sami
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /z/

### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* The thirty-third letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a, Â â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

## Slovak
### Alternative forms

* zo

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

### Preposition

z (+ genitive)
* from

### Further reading

* “z”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

#### Letter

z
* The twenty-fourth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
* The thirty-fourth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
* The twenty-fifth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

#### Preposition

z
* (with instrumental) with, by means of, using
* (with instrumental) (together) with, in the company of
* (with genitive) from

##### Alternative forms

* s (before a voiceless consonant)

### Further reading

* “z”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “z”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (phoneme) /s/, /θ/
* IPA: (letter name, Spain) /ˈθeta/ [ˈθe.t̪a]
* IPA: (letter name, Latin America, Philippines) /ˈseta/ [ˈse.t̪a]
** Audio (Spain):(file)
** Rhymes: -eta

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-seventh letter of the Spanish alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.

## Swedish
### Pronunciation
#### Letter name

* IPA: /ˈsɛ̂ːˌta/

#### Phoneme

* IPA: /s/
** Homophones: c (before front vowels), s

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called säta or zäta and written in the Latin script.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish z. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English z.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish z.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ˈzi/ [ˈzi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
*** IPA: (more native-sounding) /ˈsi/ [ˈsi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
*** Rhymes: -i
** IPA: /ˈzeta/ [ˈzɛː.t̪ɐ] (letter name, Abecedario)
*** IPA: (more native-sounding) /ˈseta/ [ˈsɛː.t̪ɐ] (letter name, Abecedario)
*** Rhymes: -eta
** IPA: /z/ [z] (phoneme)
*** IPA: (more native-sounding) /s/ [s] (phoneme)

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)
* The twenty-eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called zi and written in the Latin script.

#### Usage notes

* This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.
* Some purists of Tagalog replace z in words with s.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜆ)
* (historical) The twenty-eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called zeta and written in the Latin script.

### Further reading

* “z”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

## Turkish
### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-ninth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) harf; A a (Â â), B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i (Î î), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u (Û û), Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

## Turkmen
### Pronunciation

* (phoneme) IPA: /ð/, /z/

### Letter

z (upper case Z)
* The thirtieth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.

### See also

* (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

## Upper Sorbian
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzɛt/

#### Letter

z (upper case Z, lower case)
* The thirty-third letter of the Upper Sorbian alphabet, called zet and written in the Latin script.

##### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, Č č, Ć ć, D d, Dź dź, E e, Ě ě, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, J j, K k, Ł ł, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, Ř ř, S s, Š š, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ž ž

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz.

#### Alternative forms

* ze
* zes (colloquial)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

#### Preposition

z [with genitive]
* denotes time; from
    mólba z baroka ― painting from the Baroque [period]
* denotes a change of state; from
* denotes origin; because of, from
    informacije z interneta ― informations from the internet
* denotes elative movement; out of
    ja přińdu z Budyšina ― I'm from Bautzen
    jedyn z pjećoch ― one out of five
* denotes the composition of an item; from, out of, of
    mječ z bronzy ― bronze sword (literally, “sword out of bronze”)

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

#### Alternative forms

* ze
* zes (colloquial)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /z/

#### Preposition

z [with instrumental]
* denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside
    Antonym: bez
* denotes instrumental relation; with, by means of
    kaž psyk z kóčku ― like a dog with a cat
* denotes cause; because of, from, of
    z hłodom wumrěć ― [to] die of hunger

### Usage notes

* The preposition generally changes to ze when the pronunciation of the two consecutive words becomes problematic. This rule applies to words starting with one of the following consonants: s, z, š, ž. Examples include:
    ze swětłowej spěšnosću ― with/at the speed of light
    ze sotru ― with sister
    ze šule brać ― take from school
    woda ze žórła ― water from the spring
* The form ze is used also before mnje, mnu (genitive and instrumental of ja (“I”)), and forms of wšón (“all”).
* Both z and ze can be used before sobu.
* The form zes is colloquial and generally preferred in oral language when there is a special emphasis on it.

### References

* “z” in Soblex

## Zulu
### Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)
* The twenty-sixth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

#### See also

* (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z