# 堛

| 堛 | U+581B, &#22555; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-581B |
| ← 堚 [U+581A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 堜 → [U+581C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

堛 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土一口田 (GMRW), four-corner 4116$_6$, composition ⿰土畐)

#### Derived characters

* 𤎪

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 233, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5242
* Dae Jaweon: page 470, character 22
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 461, character 3
* Unihan data for U+581B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 堛
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 富 | *pɯɡs |
| 輻 | *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ |
| 副 | *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ |
| 褔 | *pʰɯɡs |
| 蔔 | *bɯːɡ |
| 匐 | *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ |
| 逼 | *prɯɡ |
| 偪 | *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 幅 | *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 楅 | *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 湢 | *prɯɡ |
| 堛 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 愊 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 踾 | *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 揊 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 稫 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 畐 | *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ |
| 疈 | *pʰrɯɡ |
| 腷 | *brɯɡ |
| 鶝 | *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ |
| 福 | *pɯɡ |
| 蝠 | *pɯɡ |
| 葍 | *pɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰrɯɡ): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bì (bi$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pei$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bì
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bì
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^4$
*** Yale: bì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
*** Palladius: би (bi)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pei$^3$
*** Yale: pei
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pei$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: péi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰei̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: phik
Rime :
| Character | 堛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 芳逼切 |
| Baxter | phik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰrɯɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 堛 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3383 |
| Phonetic component | 畐 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 堛 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰrɯɡ/ |

### Definitions

堛
* (Classical) clod of earth
    Synonym: 凷 (kuài)

### Compounds

* 堛坼
* 堛然

### References

* Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 1), p. 88
* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “堛”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C01721

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ひよく (hiyoku)、ひき (hiki)
* Kun: つちくれ (tsuchikure)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

堛: Hán Nôm readings: bực, bậc, bức
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation