# ran
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹæn/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æn

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

ran
* simple past of run
* simple past of rin
* (nonstandard, colloquial) past participle of run
** 1731, Philippus van Limborch, translated by Samuel Chandler, The History of the Inquisition‎, volume 1, page 231:[…] rather to convince the Underſtanding, than to be eaſily capable of being anſwered ; excuſing your ſelf that you have ran into an Error, ſo foreign as you have declared from your Intention, […]
** 1837, William Keary, Romanism exposed; or, Strictures on two lectures […] ‎, Goddard and Brown, page 6:" Heretics and schismatics, because they rebel against her, and only belong to the church, as deserters to an army from which they have ran away ; […]
** 2012 March 5, Helen Summer, Running Crazy‎, John Blake Publishing, →ISBN, page 209:I’ve ran this event many times but in the year 2000, when we were running over the Bodmin Moor part of the course, it lashed down with large, freezing-cold hailstones.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ran (uncountable)
* (nautical) Yarns coiled on a spun-yarn winch.

### See also

* on the ran tan

### Anagrams

* Arn, NRA, Nar, RNA

## Alemannic German
### Adjective

ran
* (Uri) lanky, slender

### References

* Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 63.

## Arop-Lokep
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɑn/, [ˈrɑn]

### Noun

ran
* water

### Further reading

* Arop-Lokep, in The Oceanic Languages →ISBN, Terry Crowley, John Lynch, Malcolm Ross), page 257: ran ki "his water"
* Stephen George Parker, Phonological Descriptions of Papua New Guinea Languages (2005)

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈran]

### Adverb

ran
* Alternative form of arran

### See also

* ran de

## Chuukese
### Noun

ran
* day, daylight

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈran]

### Noun

ran
* genitive plural of rána

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse rán.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raːn/, [ʁɑːˀn]

### Noun

ran n (singular definite ranet, plural indefinite ran)
* open theft

#### Inflection
### Verb

ran
* imperative of rane

## German
### Etymology

Shortened form of heran.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ʁan]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -an
* Homophone: rann

### Adverb

ran
* (colloquial) near, close to, over to

#### Related terms

* see list in raus

### Further reading

* “ran” in Duden online
* “ran” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Gilbertese
### Noun

ran
* water

### References

* Thomas Edward Dutton, Darrell T. Tryon, Language Contact and Change in the Austronesian World (1994)

## Haitian Creole
### Etymology

From French rang.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣã/

### Noun

ran
* row, line
* rank, position

### References

* Targète, Jean and Urciolo, Raphael G. Haitian Creole-English dictionary (1993; →ISBN)

## Japanese
### Romanization

ran
* Rōmaji transcription of らん

## Karnai
### Noun

ran
* water

### Further reading

* John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars (2012), page 59

## Malasanga
### Noun

ran
* water

### Further reading

* John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Verna, page 59, 2012

## Mandarin
### Romanization

ran
* Nonstandard spelling of rán.
* Nonstandard spelling of rǎn.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Namakura
### Noun

ran
* water

### References

* Malcolm Ross, Andrew Pawley et Meredith Osmond (eds), The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic: The physical environment, Pacific Linguistics, 545-2. Australian National University, Canberra, 2003, page 59

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse rán.

#### Noun

ran n (definite singular ranet, indefinite plural ran, definite plural rana or ranene)
* a robbery

##### Derived terms

* bankran

##### Related terms

* rane

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ran
* imperative of rane

### References

* “ran” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse rán.

### Noun

ran n (definite singular ranet, indefinite plural ran, definite plural rana)
* a robbery

#### Derived terms

* bankran

### References

* “ran” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* rēna

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɑːn/

### Noun

rān n (nominative plural rān)
* unlawful seizure of property; robbery

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

### References

* Joseph Bosworth, edited by T. Northcote Toller, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1882
* T. Northcote Toller, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Supplement, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1921

## Old Tupi
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ran, from Proto-Tupian *ran.

### Adjective

ran (noun form rana)
* similar; alike; false
* shoddy; poorly made
* (figurative) rude; impolite

#### Derived terms

* musurana
* tataûrana
* urutaûrana

### References

* Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “rana”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 427, column 1

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈran/
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: ran

### Noun

ran f
* genitive plural of rana

### Noun

ran n
* genitive plural of rano

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ranъ (Russian ра́нний (ránnij), Polish rano).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /râːn/
* Rhymes: -âːn

### Adjective

rȃn (Cyrillic spelling ра̑н, definite rȃnī, comparative rànijī)
* early
    Antonym: kȁsan
* premature

#### Declension
### References

* “ran”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovene
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ranъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ráːn/

### Adjective

rȃn (comparative ránejši, superlative nȁjránejši)
* early

#### Inflection
### Further reading

* “ran”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English run.

### Noun

ran
* To run
** 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:14:Nem bilong namba 3 wara em Taigris na em i ran i go long hap sankamap bilong kantri Asiria. Na nem bilong namba 4 wara em Yufretis.→New International Version translation

## Ulau-Suain
### Noun

ran
* water

### References

* Stephen Adolphe Wurm, New Guinea Area Languages and Language Study (1976)

## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 波散 (MC pa sanX) (modern SV: ba tản).

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [zaːn˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʐaːŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ɹaːŋ˧˧]

### Verb

ran
* to resound; to spread widely

## Welsh
### Noun

ran
* Soft mutation of rhan.

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Welsh Romani
### Noun

ran f
* rod, wand
* fishing rod

#### Derived terms

* basavi ran
* baxterimaski ran
* biti-skutengi ran
* mačengi ran
* mačeski ran
* ranela
* raňako
* raňengero
* raňengo
* rovimaski ran
* sunakeski ran
* såni mačeski ran
* tentake raňa
* čoveximaski ran

### References

* “ran” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.