# 書法
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shūfǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ ㄈㄚˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syu$^1$ faat$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): si$^1$ fat$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sû-fap
    (Hailu, HRS): shu$^ˋ$ fab
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sy$^1$ hah$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): su-hoat / chir-hoat / sir-hoat / si-hoat
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$sy-faq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shūfǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ ㄈㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shufǎ
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^1$-fa$^3$
*** Yale: shū-fǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shufaa
*** Palladius: шуфа (šufa)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syu$^1$ faat$^3$
*** Yale: syū faat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sy$^1$ faat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xu$^1$ fad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /syː⁵⁵ faːt̚³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$抒發 / 抒发 書法 / 书法
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: si$^1$ fat$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /si³³ fat̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sû-fap
*** Hakka Romanization System: su$^ˊ$ fab$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: su$^1$ fab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /su²⁴ fap̚²/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shu$^ˋ$ fab
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃu⁵³ fap⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sy$^1$ hah$^6$ [Phonetic: sy$^2$ hah$^6$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sṳ-hah
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬy⁵³³⁻¹³ haʔ¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: sy$^1$ hah$^6$ [Phonetic: sy$^2$ hah$^6$]
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬy⁵³³⁻¹³ haʔ²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su-hoat
*** Tâi-lô: su-huat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: su'hoad
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /su⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir-hoat
*** Tâi-lô: tsir-huat
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³ huat̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir-hoat
*** Tâi-lô: sir-huat
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³ huat̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si-hoat
*** Tâi-lô: si-huat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: si'hoad
*** IPA (Yilan): /si⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$sy-faq
*** MiniDict: sy$^平$ fah
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$sr-faq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩⁵⁵ faʔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: syo pjop
Rime :
| Character | 書 | 法 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 乏 (148) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 傷魚切 | 方乏切 |
| Baxter | syo | pjop |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨʌ/ | /pɨɐp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɔ/ | /piɐp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiɔ/ | /piɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕɨə̆/ | /puap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiɔ/ | /piɐp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭo/ | /pĭwɐp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi̯wo/ | /pi̯wɐp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shū | fa |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syu$^1$ | faat$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ta [p.k]ap/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hlja pqab/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 書 | 法 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shū | fǎ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syo › | ‹ pjop › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-ta/ | /*[p.k]ap/ |
| English | write | model, law |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 書 | 法 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17013 | 2867 |
| Phonetic component | 者 | 法 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 書 | 法 |
| Old Chinese | /*hlja/ | /*pqab/ |
| Notes | | 說文灋省文 |

### Noun

書法
* calligraphy (as writing, and as art)
* (Classical) principle of writing historical text
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liáng shǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn. [Pinyin]
    Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.

#### Synonyms

* (calligraphy):
* 書契 / 书契 (shūqì) (archaic)
* 書藝 / 书艺 (shūyì) (archaic, Korean calligraphy)
* 書道 / 书道 (shūdào) (Japanese calligraphy)

#### Derived terms

* 書法家 / 书法家 (shūfǎjiā)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 書 | 法 |
| しょ Grade: 2 | ほう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しょほー [shòhóó] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) しょほー [shóꜜhòò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕo̞ho̞ː]

### Noun

書(しょ)法(ほう) • (shohō)
* calligraphy (manner of penmanship)
* writing of; way of writing; manner of writing
    四声部(しせいぶ)書法(しょほう)
       shi-seibu shohō
       4-part writing [in music]

#### See also

* 書道(しょどう) (shodō)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 書 | 法 |

### Noun

書法 • (seobeop) (hangeul 서법)
* hanja form of 서법 (“calligraphy”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 書 | 法 |

### Noun

書法
* chữ Hán form of thư pháp (“calligraphy”).