# 必須
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bìxū
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bit$^1$ seoi$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): pit-sî
    (Hailu, HRS): bid si$^ˋ$
* Northern Min (KCR): bĭ-sṳ́
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bih$^6$ sy$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pit-su / pit-si
    (Teochew, Peng'im): big$^4$ su$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$piq-shiu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bìxū
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bìsyu
*** Wade–Giles: pi$^4$-hsü$^1$
*** Yale: bì-syū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihshiu
*** Palladius: бисюй (bisjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /pi⁵¹ ɕy⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$必需 必須 / 必须
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bit$^1$ seoi$^1$
*** Yale: bīt sēui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bit$^7$ soey$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bid$^1$ sêu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /piːt̚⁵ sɵy̯⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$必需 必須 / 必须
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit-sî
*** Hakka Romanization System: bid$^ˋ$ xi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bid$^5$ xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pit̚² si²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: bid si$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /pit⁵⁻² si⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bĭ-sṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /pi²⁴ sy⁵⁴/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bih$^6$ sy$^1$ [Phonetic: bih$^7$ sy$^1$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bih-sṳ
*** Sinological IPA : /piʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬy⁵³³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: bih$^6$ sy$^1$ [Phonetic: bih$^7$ sy$^1$]
*** Sinological IPA : /piʔ²⁻²⁴ ɬy⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pit-su
*** Tâi-lô: pit-su
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pitsw
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pit̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ su³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pit-si
*** Tâi-lô: pit-si
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pitsy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pit̚³²⁻⁵ si⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: big$^4$ su$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pik su
*** Sinological IPA : /pik̚²⁻⁴ su³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$piq-shiu
*** MiniDict: pih$^入$ shiu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$piq-xy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /piɪʔ³³ ɕy⁴⁴/

### Verb

必須
* must; have to (used as an auxiliary verb)
       Zhè dào kǎn bìxū děi guò. [Pinyin]
       You must go through this.
       Yuángōng fǎngǎng qián bìxū xǐshǒu. [Pinyin]
       Employees must wash hands before returning to work.
       Méiyǒu chuánpiào de rén bìxū gòupiào. [Pinyin]
       Those without a boat ticket must purchase one.
       Nǐ shēnqǐng xīn hùzhào shí, bìxū jiāochū jiù hùzhào. [Pinyin]
       You must hand over your old passport when applying for a new one.
    From: 1988, 袁善根 Yuen Sin-gan (lyricist) & 城振銘 Chen-ming Cheng (composer),《萬世有你名號》"Myriad Generations Chant Your Name"
    joek$^6$ bit$^1$ seoi$^1$ kwaa$^1$ ceot$^1$ jat$^1$ bou$^6$, seoi$^4$ gam$^2$ dong$^2$ ngo$^5$ lou$^6$? [Jyutping]
    If I must take one stride out, who'd dare obstruct my path?

#### Usage notes

必須／必须 (bìxū) is used for subjective requirements, while 必需 (bìxū) is used for objective requirements.

#### Synonyms

* 一定愛 / 一定爱 (Hakka)
* 一定要
* 務必 / 务必 (wùbì)
* 務期 / 务期 (wùqī) (literary)
* 務須 / 务须 (wùxū)
* 定著 (tiānn-tio̍h) (Min Nan)
* 得 (děi) (colloquial)
* 必得
* 應當 / 应当 (yīngdāng) (law)
* 煞著 (Hokkien)
* 著愛 / 著爱 (tio̍h-ài) (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 非得 (fēiděi)

#### See also

* 應該／应该 (yīnggāi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 必 | 須 |
| ひつ > ひっ Grade: 4 | す Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Middle Chinese 必須

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひっす [hìssú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) ひっす [híꜜssù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [çisːɨ]

### Adjective

必(ひっ)須(す) • (hissu) -na (adnominal 必(ひっ)須(す)な (hissu na), adverbial 必(ひっ)須(す)に (hissu ni))
* indispensable, essential

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 必須だろ | ひっすだろ | hissu daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 必須で | ひっすで | hissu de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 必須だ | ひっすだ | hissu da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 必須な | ひっすな | hissu na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 必須なら | ひっすなら | hissu nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 必須であれ | ひっすであれ | hissu de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 必須ではない 必須じゃない | ひっすではない ひっすじゃない | hissu de wa nai hissu ja nai |
| Informal past | 必須だった | ひっすだった | hissu datta |
| Informal negative past | 必須ではなかった 必須じゃなかった | ひっすではなかった ひっすじゃなかった | hissu de wa nakatta hissu ja nakatta |
| Formal | 必須です | ひっすです | hissu desu |
| Formal negative | 必須ではありません 必須じゃありません | ひっすではありません ひっすじゃありません | hissu de wa arimasen hissu ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 必須でした | ひっすでした | hissu deshita |
| Formal negative past | 必須ではありませんでした 必須じゃありませんでした | ひっすではありませんでした ひっすじゃありませんでした | hissu de wa arimasen deshita hissu ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 必須で | ひっすで | hissu de |
| Conditional | 必須なら（ば） | ひっすなら（ば） | hissu nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 必須だったら | ひっすだったら | hissu dattara |
| Volitional | 必須だろう | ひっすだろう | hissu darō |
| Adverbial | 必須に | ひっすに | hissu ni |
| Degree | 必須さ | ひっすさ | hissusa |

### Noun

必(ひっ)須(す) • (hissu)
* indispensability, a must

#### Derived terms

* 必(ひっ)須(す)格(かく) (hissukaku, “indispensable case (linguistics)”)
* 必(ひっ)須(す)科(か)目(もく) (hissu kamoku, “required subjects”)
* 必(ひっ)須(す)条(じょう)件(けん) (hissu jōken, “essential condition”)
* 必(ひっ)須(す)アミノ酸(さん) (hissu aminosan, “essential amino acid”)
* 必(ひっ)須(す)脂(し)肪(ぼう)酸(さん) (hissu shibōsan, “essential fatty acid”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 必 | 須 |

### Noun

必須 • (pilsu) (hangeul 필수)
* hanja form of 필수 (“essential, required, indispensable”)