# busy
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: bĭz'i, IPA: /ˈbɪzi/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪzi
* Hyphenation: bus‧y

### Etymology 1

From Middle English bisy, busie, from Old English bisiġ (“busy, occupied, diligent”), from Proto-West Germanic *bisīg (“diligent; zealous; busy”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian biesich (“active, diligent, hard-working, industrious”), Dutch bezig (“busy”), Low German besig (“busy”). The spelling with ⟨u⟩ represents the pronunciation of the West Midland and Southern dialects while the Modern English pronunciation with /ɪ/ is from the dialects of the East Midlands.

#### Adjective

busy (comparative busier, superlative busiest)
* Crowded with business or activities; having a great deal going on.
    Be careful crossing that busy street.
** c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:To-morrow is a busy day.
** 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the page number)”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:Although they had but that moment left the school behind them, they were now in the busy thoroughfares of a city, where shadowy passengers passed and repassed; where shadowy carts and coaches battled for the way, and all the strife and tumult of a real city were. […] They left the busy scene, and went into an obscure part of the town, where Scrooge had never penetrated before, although he recognised its situation, and its bad repute.
** 2024 September 30, Peter Eavis, “Counteroffers Exchanged in Effort to Avert U.S. Dock Strike”, in The New York Times‎:With hours to go before their labor contract expired, longshoremen on the East and Gulf Coasts prepared on Monday to go on strike at midnight, halting most activity at some of the busiest U.S. ports.
* Engaged in activity or by someone else.
    The director cannot see you now: he's busy.
    Her telephone has been busy all day.
    He is busy with piano practice.
    Ramzi is busy getting ready for meetings.
** 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:And the first thing I did was to lay by a certain quantity of provisions, being the stores for our voyage; and intended in a week or a fortnight’s time to open the dock, and launch out our boat. I was busy one morning upon something of this kind, when I called to Friday, and bid him to go to the sea-shore and see if he could find a turtle or a tortoise, a thing which we generally got once a week, for the sake of the eggs as well as the flesh. But to return to Friday; he was so busy about his father that I could not find in my heart to take him off for some time; but after I thought he could leave him a little, I called him to me, and he came jumping and laughing, and pleased to the highest extreme: then I asked him if he had given his father any bread.
** 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:After walking several miles in a leisurely manner, and too busy to know anything about it, they found at last, on examining their watches, that it was time to be at home.
** 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the page number)”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:His hands were busy with his garments all this time; turning them inside out, putting them on upside down, tearing them, mislaying them, making them parties to every kind of extravagance.
** 1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 18:In fact she was so busy doing all the things that anyone might, who finds themselves alone in an empty house, that she did not notice at first when it began to turn dusk and the rooms to grow dim.
** 1997, Douglas Rodriguez, Latin ladles:These days, as people get busier and busier, many are skipping the tamale making and just cooking up this thick polentalike soup.
* Having much work to do; having much to get done.
    Near-synonym: swamped
* Having a lot going on; complicated or intricate.
    Flowers, stripes, and checks in the same fabric make for a busy pattern.
* Officious; meddling.
** c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], line 130:I will be hanged if some eternal villain, Some busy and insinuating rogue, Some cogging, cozening slave, to get some office, Have not devised this slander; I'll be hanged else.

##### Synonyms

* swamped

##### Derived terms

* busihead
* busily
* business
* busy as a beaver
* busy as a bee
* busy as a dyke in a hardware store
* busy as a nailer
* busy as a one-armed paper hanger
* busy beaver
* busy beaver function
* busy bee
* busy board
* busy body
* busybody
* busy box
* busyish
* busy little beaver
* busy loop
* busy-ness
* busyness
* busy signal
* busy work
* busy-work
* embusy
* ever-busy
* fast busy signal
* get busy
* I'm busy
* nonbusy
* semibusy
* superbusy
* the line is busy
* underbusy
* Wheal Busy

##### Translations
#### Noun

busy (plural busies)
* (slang, UK, Liverpool, derogatory) A police officer.
** 2016, Chris Graham, Five Minutes of Amazing: My Journey Through Dementia, London: Sphere, →ISBN, page 30:I remember playing on a building site once and coming across a five-pound note. I could hardly believe it when I spotted it poking out of the rubble. Excitedly, I ran straight home and gave it to my mum. I was hero of the hour until I got into trouble with the busies – the police – soon afterwards for pinching a bottle of milk from a float.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English bisien, from Old English bisgian (“to occupy, employ, trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *bisīgōn. Cognate with Old Frisian bisgia (“to use”).

#### Verb

busy (third-person singular simple present busies, present participle busying, simple past and past participle busied)
* (transitive, usually reflexive) To make somebody busy or active; to occupy.
    On my vacation I'll busy myself with gardening.
** 2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 114:They busied themselves with the tea.

##### Derived terms

* bebusy
* busy around
* forebusy
* overbusy
* unbusy

##### Translations
### References

* “busy”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “busy”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* ↑ Upward, Christopher & George Davidson. 2011. The History of English Spelling. Wiley-Blackwell.

### Anagrams

* buys

## Middle English
### Adjective

busy
* Alternative form of bisy