# 火星
## Chinese

* 火星

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Huǒxīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fo$^2$ sing$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Fó-sên
* Eastern Min (BUC): Huŏ-sĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Hér-chhiⁿ / Hé-chhiⁿ / Hóe-chheⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huê$^2$ cên$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$hu-shin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Huǒxīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Huǒsing
*** Wade–Giles: Huo$^3$-hsing$^1$
*** Yale: Hwǒ-syīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Huooshing
*** Palladius: Хосин (Xosin)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fo$^2$ sing$^1$
*** Yale: fó sīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fo$^2$ sing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fo$^2$ xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔː³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Fó-sên
*** Hakka Romanization System: fo$^ˋ$ sen$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fo$^3$ sen$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /fo³¹ sen²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Huŏ-sĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /huo⁵⁵ $^{(s-)}$liŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hér-chhiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Hér-tshinn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/
** (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hé-chhiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Hé-tshinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hefchvy
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hóe-chheⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: Hué-tshenn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoefzhvef
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huê$^2$ cên$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hué tsheⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /hue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰẽ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$hu-shin
*** MiniDict: hu$^去$ shin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$hu-xin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hu³³ ɕin⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xwaX seng
Rime :
| Character | 火 | 星 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 呼果切 | 桑經切 |
| Baxter | xwaX | seng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /huɑ$^X$/ | /seŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /huɑ$^X$/ | /seŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɑ$^X$/ | /sɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwa$^X$/ | /sɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /xuɑ$^X$/ | /seŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /xuɑ$^X$/ | /sieŋ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xuɑ$^X$/ | /sieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huǒ | xīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fo$^2$ | sing$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[qʷʰ]ˤəjʔ s-tsʰˤeŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷaːlʔ sleːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 火 | 星 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huǒ | xīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwa$^X$ › | ‹ seng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/ | /*s-tsʰˁeŋ/ |
| English | fire | star |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 火 | 星 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5540 | 11371 |
| Phonetic component | 火 | 生 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 火 | 星 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰʷaːlʔ/ | /*sleːŋ/ |
| Notes | | 説文曐或體 |

#### Proper noun

火星
* (astronomy) Mars

##### Synonyms

* 熒惑／荧惑 (yínghuò)
* 熒惑星／荧惑星

##### Derived terms

* 火星人 (huǒxīngrén)
* 火星學 / 火星学
* 火星撞地球
* 火星日 (huǒxīngrì)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 火星(かせい) (Kasei)
* → Korean: 화성(火星) (Hwaseong)
* → Vietnamese: Hoả Tinh (火星)
* → Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐾀 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 (ʾwwt ywltwz /⁠Oot yultuz⁠/) (calque)

##### See also

* planets of the Solar System: 太陽系的行星, 太阳系的行星: 水星 (Shuǐxīng) · 金星 (Jīnxīng) · 地球 (Dìqiú) · 火星 (Huǒxīng) · 木星 (Mùxīng) · 土星 (Tǔxīng) · 天王星 (Tiānwángxīng) · 海王星 (Hǎiwángxīng)

#### Verb

火星
* (neologism, Internet slang) to be outdated and unaware; to not know something that everyone else knows
    樓主你火星了／楼主你火星了 ― lóuzhǔ nǐ huǒxīng le ― OP, you're outdated

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huǒxīng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fo$^2$ sing$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hóe-cheⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huǒxīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huǒsing
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^3$-hsing$^1$
*** Yale: hwǒ-syīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huooshing
*** Palladius: хосин (xosin)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huǒxīngr
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄥㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huǒsingr
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^3$-hsing$^1$-ʼrh
*** Yale: hwǒ-syīngr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huooshiengl
*** Palladius: хосинр (xosinr)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fo$^2$ sing$^1$
*** Yale: fó sīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fo$^2$ sing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fo$^2$ xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔː³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Tainan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóe-cheⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: hué-tsenn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoefzvef
*** IPA (Tainan): /hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sẽ⁴⁴/

#### Noun

火星
* (chiefly Mandarin) spark of fire

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 焱 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 火星, 火星子, 火花 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 火星兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 火星子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 火星子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 火星子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 火星 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 火屎, 火花 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 火屎, 火花 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 火屎 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 火屎 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 火星子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 火星 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 火星 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 火屎 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 火屎 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 火焰仔, 火星仔, 火仔屎 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 火屎 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 火屎 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 火星 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 火屎 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 火屎 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 火種星 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 火星子 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 火星子 |

##### Derived terms

* 火星塞
* 火星子 (huǒxīngzi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 火 | 星 |
| か Grade: 1 | せい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

/kwasei/ → /kaseː/
From Middle Chinese 火星 (MC xwaX seng, literally “fire star”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かせー [kàséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠se̞ː]
** Homophones: 化生, 化成, 化性, 化政, 火成, 火勢, 加勢, 仮声, 仮性, 河清, 苛性, 苛政, 家世, 家声, 家政, 家勢, 歌声, 歌聖

### Proper noun

火(か)星(せい) • (Kasei)
* Mars (planet)
** 2004 July 20 [2003 September 22], Naoko Takeuchi, “Act(アクト) 3(スリー)　レイ　SAILORMARS(セーラー　マーズ) [Act 3: Rei: SAILOR MARS]”, in [美少女戦士](Pretty Guardian)[セーラームーン](SAILORMOON) [Pretty Guardian SAILOR MOON], 5th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 122:
    火(か)星(せい)の守(しゅ)護(ご)を受(う)けた炎(ほのお)と情(じょう)熱(ねつ)の戦(せん)士(し)　セーラーマーズ！あなたもえらばれた戦(せん)士(し)なのよ
       Kasei no shugo o uketa honō to jōnetsu no senshi Sērā Māzu! Anata mo erabareta senshi na no yo
       The warrior of fire and passion under Mars, Sailor Mars! You’re also one of the chosen warriors

#### Synonyms

* マース (Māsu), マーズ (Māzu)
* (archaic) 火(か)曜(よう) (Kayō), 火夏星(ひなつぼし) (hinatsuboshi), 熒惑星(けいこくせい) (keikokusei)

#### Derived terms

* 火(か)星(せい)人(じん) (Kaseijin): a Martian
* 火(か)星(せい)学(がく) (Kaseigaku): areology, the study of the planet Mars

#### See also

* マールス (Mārusu): Mars, the Roman god of war
* planets of the Solar System: 太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい)の惑(わく)星(せい) (Taiyōkei no wakusei): 水(すい)星(せい) (Suisei) · 金(きん)星(せい) (Kinsei) · 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū) · 火(か)星(せい) (Kasei) · 木(もく)星(せい) (Mokusei) · 土(ど)星(せい) (Dosei) · 天(てん)王(のう)星(せい) (Tennōsei) · 海(かい)王(おう)星(せい) (Kaiōsei)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
   * 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 火 | 星 |

### Proper noun

火星 • (Hwaseong) (hangeul 화성)
* hanja form of 화성 (“Mars”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 火 | 星 |

### Proper noun

火星
* chữ Hán form of Hoả tinh (“Mars”).