# cis
## Translingual
### Etymology

Abbreviation, presumably from either English cosine and sine and the number i or translingual cos, i, and sin.

### Symbol

cis
* (mathematics) The function $\mathrm {cis} (x)=\cos x+i\sin x$.

## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɪs/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪs
* Homophone: sis

### Etymology 1

From Latin cis (“on this side (of), on the near or same side”). Doublet of he, it, here, hither, and hence.

#### Adjective

cis (not comparable)
* (biology) Having two mutations on two genes on the same chromosome of a homologous pair.
* (cytology) Of the side of the Golgi apparatus nearer to the endoplasmic reticulum.
* (physical chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a double bond in which the greater radical on both ends is on the same side of the bond.
** 1984, American Chemical Society. Division of Polymer Chemistry, Papers Presented at the ... Meeting:9 is thought to survive longer when the CH = CH bond is cis and to favour the formation of another cis double bond in a propagation reaction involving its displacement by monomer. 10, on the other hand, is more likely to yield a trans double bond […]
** 2007, Vickie A. Vaclavik, Elizabeth W. Christian, Essentials of Food Science, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 277:However, a cis double bond causes a kink in the chain. (A cis double bond introduces a bend of about 42 into the linear hydrocarbon chain.)
** 2015, William P Edwards, The Science of Bakery Products, Royal Society of Chemistry, →ISBN, page 26:A cis double bond is one where the hydrogen atoms are both on the same side. In contrast, a trans double bond has them on the opposite side.
* (physical chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a coordination compound in which the two instances of a particular ligand are adjacent to each other.
    The cis effect is the labilization of ligands which are cis to certain other ligands.

##### Antonyms

* trans

##### Related terms

* cis-
* cisalpine
* cis-gender
* cis-trans isomerism

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Clipping of cisgender or cissexual, ultimately from Latin cis.

#### Alternative forms

* CIS (proscribed)

#### Adjective

cis (not comparable)
* Cisgender (or sometimes cissexual): not trans (transgender or transsexual) nor non-binary.
    Coordinate term: trans
** 2017 November 21, Trish Bendix, quoting Ashlee Marie Preston, “Why it matters that transgender women are speaking out about Jeffrey Tambor — and that people are listening”, in Yahoo! Lifestyle‎:We're demonized and criminalized as perverts out to trick and deceive cis hetero men; therefore anything that happens to us, we 'had coming.'
** 2019 January 17, James Acaster: Cold Lasagne Hate Myself 1999‎, spoken by James Acaster:Oh yeah, because you know who's been long overdue a challenge? The trans community. Oh, they've had their guard down for too long if you ask me. They'll all be checking their privilege on the way home now thanks to you, you brave little cis boy!
** 2019 September 24, Johnathan Van Ness, Over the Top: A Raw Journey to Self-Love, HarperCollins, →ISBN, pages 117–118:The reality is that LGBTQ+ people face challenges at disproportionally higher rates than their straight counterparts — drug use, sex work, and financial instability can be an unfortunate result. My privilege as a young cis white man whose parents weren't going to let me drown afforded me the ability to make those mistakes and live to talk about it.

##### Usage notes

* Compare cis- and its usage notes. See also the usage notes for cis and cisgender in the latter's entry.

##### Derived terms

* allocishet
* anticistamines
* cisbi
* cis female
* cisgender
* cis guy
* cishet
* cis lesbian
* cis male
* cis man
* cisman
* cisnormative
* cisnormativity
* cisoid
* cis person
* cisphobia
* cis privilege
* cissexual
* cissplain
* cistem
* cistemic
* cister
* cis woman
* ciswoman
* still cis though

##### Translations
### Anagrams

* -ics, CSI, ICS, ICs, I²Cs, SCI, SIC, Sci., sci, sci., sic

## Czech
### Noun

cis n (indeclinable)
* C-sharp

### Further reading

* “cis”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “cis”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ido cis, from Latin cis.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [t͡sis]
* Hyphenation: cis

### Preposition

cis
* (nonstandard) on this side of
    Synonyms: ĉi-flanke de, maltrans
    Antonym: trans
    Ili loĝas cis tiuj montoj. ― They live on this side of those mountains.
** 2003, Aleksander Korĵe (tr.), “Palto”, in Rusa novelaro‎, Kaliningrad: Sezonoj, translation of original by Nikolaj Gogol, archived from the original on 8 May 2013:...la mortinta oficisto komencis aperi eĉ cis la ponto Kalinkin, kaŭzante grandan timon al ĉiuj malkuraĝuloj....the dead office worker began to appear even on this side of the Kalinkin bridge, causing great fear to all cowards.
** 2010 September, Donald Broadribb, “Pri tramoj kaj tasoj da teo”, in Mirmekobo, number 10, page 24:Trans la strato, laŭ mia vidkapablo, troviĝas nur amaso da arboj; kaj cis, malnovaj mallarĝaj domoj kun komunaj muroj kaj nur etaj gazonoj, kvazaŭ oni devis enŝovi ilin pro manko de spaco.Across the street, as far as I can see, is found only a mass of trees; and on this side, little old houses with common walls and only small lawns, as if one had to shove into them for lack of space.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:cis.

#### See also

* apud (“beside”)

#### References

* ↑ Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda (1970) Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto (in Esperanto), 3 edition, Paris, published 1987, →ISBN, page 147
* ↑ Wennergren, Bertilo (2013 June 14) “Neoficialaj vortetoj”, in Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko‎ (in Esperanto), retrieved 2014-05-09

## Finnish
### Etymology

From German Cis (German key notation).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsis/, [ˈs̠is̠]
* Rhymes: -is

### Noun

cis
* (music) C-sharp

#### Usage notes

* Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.
* In speech, the declension is often: cissän, cissää, similar to ässä.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of cis (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
cisini
cisini
accusative
nom.
cisini
cisini
gen.
cisini
genitive
cisini
cisieni
partitive
cisiäni
cisejäni
inessive
cisissäni
ciseissäni
elative
cisistäni
ciseistäni
illative
cisiini
ciseihini
adessive
cisilläni
ciseilläni
ablative
cisiltäni
ciseiltäni
allative
cisilleni
ciseilleni
essive
cisinäni
ciseinäni
translative
cisikseni
ciseikseni
abessive
cisittäni
ciseittäni
instructive
comitative
—ciseineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
cisisi
cisisi
accusative
nom.
cisisi
cisisi
gen.
cisisi
genitive
cisisi
cisiesi
partitive
cisiäsi
cisejäsi
inessive
cisissäsi
ciseissäsi
elative
cisistäsi
ciseistäsi
illative
cisiisi
ciseihisi
adessive
cisilläsi
ciseilläsi
ablative
cisiltäsi
ciseiltäsi
allative
cisillesi
ciseillesi
essive
cisinäsi
ciseinäsi
translative
cisiksesi
ciseiksesi
abessive
cisittäsi
ciseittäsi
instructive
comitative
—ciseinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
cisimme
cisimme
accusative
nom.
cisimme
cisimme
gen.
cisimme
genitive
cisimme
cisiemme
partitive
cisiämme
cisejämme
inessive
cisissämme
ciseissämme
elative
cisistämme
ciseistämme
illative
cisiimme
ciseihimme
adessive
cisillämme
ciseillämme
ablative
cisiltämme
ciseiltämme
allative
cisillemme
ciseillemme
essive
cisinämme
ciseinämme
translative
cisiksemme
ciseiksemme
abessive
cisittämme
ciseittämme
instructive
comitative
—ciseinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
cisinne
cisinne
accusative
nom.
cisinne
cisinne
gen.
cisinne
genitive
cisinne
cisienne
partitive
cisiänne
cisejänne
inessive
cisissänne
ciseissänne
elative
cisistänne
ciseistänne
illative
cisiinne
ciseihinne
adessive
cisillänne
ciseillänne
ablative
cisiltänne
ciseiltänne
allative
cisillenne
ciseillenne
essive
cisinänne
ciseinänne
translative
cisiksenne
ciseiksenne
abessive
cisittänne
ciseittänne
instructive
comitative
—ciseinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
cisinsä
cisinsä
accusative
nom.
cisinsä
cisinsä
gen.
cisinsä
genitive
cisinsä
cisiensä
partitive
cisiään cisiänsä
cisejään cisejänsä
inessive
cisissään cisissänsä
ciseissään ciseissänsä
elative
cisistään cisistänsä
ciseistään ciseistänsä
illative
cisiinsä
ciseihinsä
adessive
cisillään cisillänsä
ciseillään ciseillänsä
ablative
cisiltään cisiltänsä
ciseiltään ciseiltänsä
allative
cisilleen cisillensä
ciseilleen ciseillensä
essive
cisinään cisinänsä
ciseinään ciseinänsä
translative
cisikseen cisiksensä
ciseikseen ciseiksensä
abessive
cisittään cisittänsä
ciseittään ciseittänsä
instructive
comitative
—ciseineen ciseinensä :

#### Derived terms

* Cis-duuri
* cis-molli

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡sis/

### Preposition

cis
* on this side of (anything)
    Cis la rivero la tereno esas pasable sika.On this side of the river the terrain is pretty dry.

#### Antonyms

* trans (“on the other side of, beyond, across”)

#### Derived terms

* cisa (“hither (on this side)”)
* cise (“(on) this side”)
* cisalpa (“cisalpine”)
* cis-

#### Descendants

* Esperanto: cis

### Noun

cis (uncountable)
* C sharp

## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish ces (“basket, hamper, pannier; bee-hive, skep; causeway of hurdles”), from Old Norse kesja, Latin cista.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [cɪʃ]

### Noun

cis f (genitive singular cise, nominative plural ciseanna)
* wicker container; basket, crate
* plaited or crossed twigs as support for causeway

#### Alternative forms

* ceas f

### Noun

cis f (genitive singular cise)
* restraint; (golf) handicap

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
cis
ciseanna
vocative
a chis
a chiseanna
genitive
cise
ciseanna
dative
cis
ciseanna
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an chis
na ciseanna
genitive
na cise
na gciseanna
dative
leis an gcis don chis
leis na ciseanna :

#### Derived terms

* ciseadóir m (“wicker-worker; basket-maker”)
* ciseán m (“(wicker) basket”)
* ciseog f (“shallow basket”)
* cispheil f (“basketball”)

#### Related terms

* ciseadóireacht f (“wicker-work; basketry”)

#### Descendants

* → English: kesh
* → Fingallian: kesh
* → Yola: kishe, kish

### Verb

cis (present analytic ciseann, future analytic cisfidh, verbal noun ciseadh, past participle ciste) (ambitransitive)
* stand, place one's weight (ar (“on”))
* restrain
* (sports) handicap

#### Conjugation

| verbal noun | ciseadh | ciseadh | ciseadh | ciseadh | ciseadh | ciseadh | ciseadh | ciseadh |
| past participle | ciste | ciste | ciste | ciste | ciste | ciste | ciste | ciste |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | cisim | ciseann tú; cisir$^†$ | ciseann sé, sí | cisimid | ciseann sibh | ciseann siad; cisid$^†$ | a chiseann; a chiseas / a gciseann* | cistear |
| past | chis mé; chiseas | chis tú; chisis | chis sé, sí | chiseamar; chis muid | chis sibh; chiseabhair | chis siad; chiseadar | a chis / ar chis* | ciseadh |
| past habitual | chisinn / gcisinn‡‡ | chisteá / gcisteá‡‡ | chiseadh sé, sí / gciseadh sé, sí‡‡ | chisimis; chiseadh muid / gcisimis‡‡; gciseadh muid‡‡ | chiseadh sibh / gciseadh sibh‡‡ | chisidís; chiseadh siad / gcisidís‡‡; gciseadh siad‡‡ | a chiseadh / a gciseadh* | chistí / gcistí‡‡ |
| future | cisfidh mé; cisfead | cisfidh tú; cisfir$^†$ | cisfidh sé, sí | cisfimid; cisfidh muid | cisfidh sibh | cisfidh siad; cisfid$^†$ | a chisfidh; a chisfeas / a gcisfidh* | cisfear |
| conditional | chisfinn / gcisfinn‡‡ | chisfeá / gcisfeá‡‡ | chisfeadh sé, sí / gcisfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | chisfimis; chisfeadh muid / gcisfimis‡‡; gcisfeadh muid‡‡ | chisfeadh sibh / gcisfeadh sibh‡‡ | chisfidís; chisfeadh siad / gcisfidís‡‡; gcisfeadh siad‡‡ | a chisfeadh / a gcisfeadh* | chisfí / gcisfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go gcise mé; go gcisead$^†$ | go gcise tú; go gcisir$^†$ | go gcise sé, sí | go gcisimid; go gcise muid | go gcise sibh | go gcise siad; go gcisid$^†$ | — | go gcistear |
| past | dá gcisinn | dá gcisteá | dá gciseadh sé, sí | dá gcisimis; dá gciseadh muid | dá gciseadh sibh | dá gcisidís; dá gciseadh siad | — | dá gcistí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | cisim | cis | ciseadh sé, sí | cisimis | cisigí; cisidh$^†$ | cisidís | — | cistear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

#### Alternative forms

* cisigh

#### Derived terms

* cisí m (“handicapper”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cis”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ces”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Italian
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English cis.

### Adjective

cis (invariable)
* cis

### Anagrams

* -isc-, ics, sci

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ki, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís (“this”).
Cognate with ce-dō, hi-c, ec-ce, Ancient Greek ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos, “that”), Old Irish cē (“here”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma, “to this”). More at he, here.
The accusative could be from either the adverbial derivation, a metaphor like in post and ante, or analogy with trāns.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkis/, [ˈkɪs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃis/, [ˈt͡ʃis]

### Preposition

cis (+ accusative)
* on or to this or the near side of; short of
* before

#### Antonyms

* ūls

#### Derived terms

* citer

### References

* “cis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "cis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* cis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Malay
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃis/
* Rhymes: -is

### Interjection

cis (Jawi spelling چيس)
* An expression of anger
* ouch (expression in sympathy at another’s pain)
* ouch (reply to an insult)

### Further reading

* “cis” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Middle English
### Adjective

cis
* (Early Middle English) Alternative form of chis

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t͡ʃiːs/

### Adjective

ċīs
* Alternative form of ċīes

#### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “cís”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey, editors (2018), “cīs”, in Dictionary of Old English: A to Le ⁠, Toronto: University of Toronto, →OCLC.

## Polish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tisъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ɕis/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: cis
* Homophone: Cis

#### Noun

cis m inan (related adjective cisowy)
* yew (any tree of the genus Taxus)
* yew (wood of the yew)

##### Derived terms

* cisawy
* cisowaty
* cisina

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Cis.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sis/
* Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: cis

#### Noun

cis n (indeclinable)
* (music) C-sharp (musical note one semitone higher than a C, notated C♯)

### Further reading

* cis in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* cis in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* cis in PWN's encyclopedia

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: (Brazil) -is, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -iʃ

### Adjective

cis (invariable)
* cis, cisgender
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:cis.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /ˈθis/ [ˈθis]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /ˈsis/ [ˈsis]
* Rhymes: -is
* Syllabification: cis

### Adjective

cis (invariable)
* cis, cisgender

#### Derived terms

* hombre cis
* mujer cis

### Anagrams

* sic