# 柬

| 柬 | U+67EC, &#26604; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67EC |
| ← 柫 [U+67EB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 柭 → [U+67ED] |

## Translingual
### Han character

柬 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木田火 (DWF), four-corner 5090$_6$, composition ⿻束丷)

#### Derived characters

* 𠋖, 𠷬, 堜, 媡, 𢃿, 徚, 揀, 湅, 暕, 𮌥, 楝, 㱫, 煉, 𤗛, 瑓, 𥈵, 朄, 𥻂, 𧍴, 𠒵, 諫(谏), 𧹯, 𨃀, 𨐤, 鍊(𫔀), 鰊(𬶠), 𢒞, 㪝, 㼑, 𣍃, 𧡴(𫌫), 𣞰, 鶫, 𣱨, 萰, 闌(阑), 𬮔
* 練 (Exception: All regions except Japan which contains 東 instead)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 520, character 19
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14655
* Dae Jaweon: page 908, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1179, character 4
* Unihan data for U+67EC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 柬 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 蘭 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 攔 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 欄 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 瀾 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns |
| 讕 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns |
| 闌 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 韊 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 幱 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 籣 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 躝 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 爛 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 爤 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 鑭 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 糷 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 斕 | *ɡ·reːn |
| 揀 | *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns |
| 柬 | *kreːnʔ |
| 暕 | *kreːnʔ |
| 諫 | *kraːns |
| 練 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 鍊 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 煉 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 楝 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 萰 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 堜 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 湅 | *ɡ·reːns |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 束 (“tie”) + 八 (“division, individually”). His original meaning is "to pick, to select, to choose", later written as 揀. Perhaps, the two points/marks inside the pictogram of the tied bag (later stylized as 八) mark and emphasize the content of a bag and/or the extraction of his content. See also 東, 熏, and 鹵.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǎn (jian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kián
    (Hailu, HRS): gien$^ˊ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gāng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gang$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kán
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^3$
*** Yale: jyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaan$^2$
*** Yale: gáan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kián
*** Hakka Romanization System: gian$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯an³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gien$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kien²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gāng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gang$^3$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gâng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ⁴⁵³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gang$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ³³²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán
*** Tâi-lô: kán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: karn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kan⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: káng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ⁵²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ci
*** MiniDict: ci$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ji
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: keanX
Rime :
| Character | 柬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古限切 |
| Baxter | keanX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨn$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kæn$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kăn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaan$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤr[a]nʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kreːnʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 柬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kɛn$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁr[a]nʔ/ |
| English | select, distinguish |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 柬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6138 |
| Phonetic component | 柬 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 簡 |
| Old Chinese | /*kreːnʔ/ |
| Notes | 揀初文 |

### Definitions

柬
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 揀 / 拣 (jiǎn, “to pick; to select”)
* letter; note; invitation
* Short for 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài, “Cambodia”).
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 簡 / 简 (jiǎn)

### Compounds

* 折柬
* 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài)
* 柬帖 (jiǎntiě)
* 訂婚柬帖 / 订婚柬帖
* 請柬 / 请柬 (qǐngjiǎn)
* 遴柬

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “柬”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 104.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* select, pick out (えらぶ, えりわける)
* letter (てがみ)
* slip; name tag (なふだ)

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: えらぶ (erabu, 柬ぶ)、えりわける (eriwakeru, 柬る)、てがみ (tegami, 柬)、なふだ (nafuda, 柬)

#### Compounds

* 柬埔寨(カンボジア) (Kanbojia, “Cambodia”)

### References

* ↑ “柬”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

柬 • (gan) (hangeul 간)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

柬: Hán Nôm readings: giản
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.