# super
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈs(j)uːpə(ɹ)/
** Audio (UK):(file)
* (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈsu.pɚ/, [ˈsʉu̯.pɚ]
** Audio (Canada):(file)
* (General Australian) IPA: /ˈsʉː.pə(ɹ)/, [ˈsïɯ.pə(ɹ)]
** Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Homophone: souper (one pronunciation)
* Hyphenation: su‧per
* Rhymes: -uːpə(ɹ)

### Etymology 1

From super- (prefix), from Middle English super-, from Latin super-, from super (“above”). Doublet of over and hyper.

#### Adjective

super (not comparable)
* Of excellent quality, superfine.
* better than average, better than usual; wonderful.

##### Synonyms

* (better): awesome, excellent

##### Derived terms

* chief super
* minisuper
* super-app
* superbackground
* Super Bowl
* super combined
* supercomposite
* supercup
* super cup
* super deformed
* superdick
* superdodger
* super-duper
* superego
* superfecta
* superfight
* superforecaster
* superforecasting
* superfox
* super gonorrhea
* super greenhouse gas
* Super League
* super light
* superly
* Supermarionation
* superminority
* superneutral
* super outbreak
* super over
* super PAC
* superpenis
* superplex
* super power
* superprimate
* superpussy
* super recogniser
* super shoe
* super spiral
* super stall
* super star cluster
* super straight
* super trouper
* super video CD
* super weakly interacting massive particle
* super X-ray
* supreme

##### Related terms

* super-

##### Translations
#### Adverb

super (not comparable)
* (informal) Very; extremely (used like the prefix super-).
    The party was super awesome.
** 1992 March 14, The Canberra Times, page 9, column 2:The job is super interesting for a person who enjoys a hardware environment and communicating with people.
** 2022 November 18, Ryan Mac, Mike Isaac, Kellen Browning, quoting Elon Musk, “Elon Musk’s Twitter Teeters on the Edge After Another 1,200 Leave”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:“The best people are staying, so I’m not super worried,” he tweeted.

### Etymology 2

Abbreviation by shortening.

#### Noun

super (plural supers)
* (Australia, New Zealand, informal) Short for superannuation.
    Jane looked forward to collecting a large super payout when she retired.
* Short for supercomputer.
** 1989, Kai Hwang, Doug DeGroot, Parallel processing for supercomputers and artificial intelligence:The performances and cost ranges of three classes of commercial supercomputers are given in Table 2.1. The full-scale supers are the most expensive class, represented by Cray, ETA, and Fujitsu systems, for example.
* (comics, slang) Short for superhero.
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:super.
* (beekeeping) Short for superhive.
** 1983, Sue Hubbell, A Country Year: Living the Questions, Boston, MA: Mariner Books, published 1999, →ISBN, page 69:There may be thirty to fifty supers in every outyard, and we have only about half an hour to get them off the hives, stacked and covered before the bees get really cross about what we are doing.
* (informal, US) Short for superintendent, especially, a building's resident manager (sometimes clarified as “building super”).
* (neologism) Short for supernaturalist, especially as distinguished from bright.
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:super.
* Short for supernumerary; (theater) specifically, a supernumerary actor.
** 1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Affair at the Novelty Theatre”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:For this scene, a large number of supers are engaged, and in order to further swell the crowd, practically all the available stage hands have to ‘walk on’ dressed in various coloured dominoes, and all wearing masks.
** 1916, Ring W. Lardner, “Three Kings and a Pair”, in The Saturday Evening Post‎:The piece was gave by a bunch o’ supers the time I went. I’d like to see it with a real cast. They say it’s a whiz when it’s acted right.
* Short for supertanker.
** 1973, Jeffrey Potter, Disaster by Oil, page 46:That is a lot of ship, about the size of big tankers before they grew so rapidly to become supers, mammoths and oilbergs.
* Short for supervisor.
* (television) A superimposed caption or image.
** 2009, James Robert Parish, Jim Henson, page 114:Supers are superimposed words that run across the TV screen and provide information such as the names of interview subjects. The newsroom sends a printed list of these supers to Perry.

#### Verb

super (third-person singular simple present supers, present participle supering, simple past and past participle supered)
* (beekeeping) Short for superhive.
** 1917 Dadant, C. P., First Lessons in Beekeeping; revised & rewritten edition, 1968, by M. G. Dadant and J. C. Dadant, p 73:
    The question is: when is the best time to super?
* (television) Short for superimpose.
** 1987, Television Quarterly, volumes 23-24:Even running a supered "Re-enactment" caption for a few seconds is poor policy, he feels […]

### Anagrams

* sprue, Rupes, Pre-Us, re-ups, pures, Prues, Purse, purse, reups, rupes, puers

## Chinese
### Etymology 1

From English super. Popularized by Eric Tsang in the Super Trio series.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): sup$^1$ paa$^4$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sup$^1$ paa$^4$
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sup$^7$ paa$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /suːp̚⁵ pʰaː²¹/

#### Interjection

super
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) Used when a tied or draw situation occurs, or when one is suggesting a draw.

### Etymology 2

Clipping of English supervisor.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): sup$^1$ paa$^2$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sup$^1$ paa$^2$
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sup$^7$ paa$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /suːp̚⁵ pʰaː³⁵/

#### Noun

super
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) supervisor (of a student)
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) supervisor; manager

## Czech
### Etymology

Borrowed from English super, French super, from Latin super.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsupɛr]

### Adjective

super (indeclinable)
* (informal) super, great
    Synonym: supr
    Můj brácha si koupil super auto, to musíš vidět!
    Ten výlet byl prostě super!

#### Usage notes

* This word is slightly more formal than supr, yet still informal.

#### See also

* vynikající

### Interjection

super
* (informal) super
    Synonym: supr

### Further reading

* “super”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)

## Danish
### Etymology

Borrowed via English super from Latin super (“over”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsuˀb̥ɐ]

### Adjective

super (neuter super or supert, plural super or (unofficial) supre)
* (informal) terrific

### Adverb

super
* (informal) very

#### Synonyms

* herre
* mega

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from English super, ultimately from Latin super.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsy.pər/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: su‧per

### Adverb

super
* (informal) very, extremely, super
    De kunststofuitvoering is wel super duur.The plastic version is super expensive.

#### Derived terms

* superheld
* superkracht
* superlijm

### Adjective

super (not comparable)
* great, super
    Die nieuwe karts zijn super.Those new karts are great.

#### Related terms

* hyper
* over

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Latin super. Doublet of sur.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsuper]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uper
* Hyphenation: su‧per

### Preposition

super
* above

#### Antonyms

* sub

## French
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin super. Doublet of the inherited sur. See also hyper, borrowed from Ancient Greek.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sy.pɛʁ/

#### Adjective

super (invariable)
* superb, great

##### Derived terms

* super amas stellaire
* super-amas d’étoiles
* super-amas stellaire
* super combiné

##### Descendants

* → Turkish: süper

#### Adverb

super
* (informal) extremely, very (as an intensifier)
    Il est super beauhe's very handsome

##### Synonyms

* vachement
* hyper

#### Interjection

super
* great, fantastic

#### Related terms

* super-

### Etymology 2

Probably a borrowing from a Germanic language, from *sūpaną (“to sip, sup”). If so then doublet of souper.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sy.pe/

#### Verb

super
* (regional) to suck, to sip

##### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “super”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* peurs, pures, repus, rupes

## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin super; modern usage influenced by English super.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzuːpɐ/ (prescriptive standard)
* IPA: /ˈsu(ː)pɐ/ (Austria)
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

super (strong nominative masculine singular superer, not comparable)
* (colloquial) super, great, awesome
    Synonyms: klasse, spitze

#### Usage notes

In the standard language, super is indeclinable; it is only rarely declined in colloquial usage.

#### Derived terms

* supi

### Further reading

* “super” in Duden online
* “super” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Interlingua
### Preposition

super
* about (focused on a given topic)

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin super. Cf. sopra.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.per/
* Rhymes: -uper
* Hyphenation: sù‧per

### Adjective

super (invariable)
* super

### Noun

super m (invariable)
* the best
* superphosphate

### Noun

super f (invariable)
* the best grade of petrol

### Anagrams

* pruse, ruspe, sprue

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *super, from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “above”).
The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional. The ablative is from the ablative of cause.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsu.per/, [ˈs̠ʊpɛr]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsu.per/, [ˈsuːper]

### Preposition

super (+ accusative, ablative)
* (with accusative or ablative) [of place] above, on the top of, upon
    Cibus super mēnsam est.The food is on the table.
* (with accusative) [of place] above, beyond
** 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2:terra autem erat inanis et vacua et tenebrae super faciem abyssi et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquasAnd the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.
* (with accusative) [of measure] above, beyond, over, in addition to
* (with ablative) concerning, regarding

#### Derived terms

* super-

### Adverb

super (not comparable)
* above, on top, over
* upwards
* moreover, in addition, besides, on top of this, too, also
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.29:Hīs accēnsa super [...][Juno] having been inflamed by these [things] in addition [...] Or, translated more plainly: With all of this angering her [...] (See: Juno (mythology).)

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:super.

#### Antonyms

* sub

#### Derived terms

* dēsuper
* insuper
* superbus
* superior
* supernus
* supersum
* superus
* suprā

#### Descendants

* Asturian: sobre
* Catalan: sobre, → súper
* → Czech: super, supr
* → English: super
** → Polish: super
* → French: super
** → Romanian: super
* Galician: sobre
* → German: super
* → Hungarian: szuper
* Italian: sopra, super
* Romanian: spre
* Occitan: subre
* Old French: seur
** Middle French: sur
*** French: sur
* Portuguese: sobre, super, súper
* Sardinian: subre
* Spanish: sobre, super
* → Russian: супер (super)

### References

* “super”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “super”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* super in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the river is over its banks, is in flood: flumen super ripas effunditur
* super in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

## Polish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English super.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.pɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -upɛr
* Syllabification: su‧per
* Homophone: super-

### Adjective

super (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)
* (colloquial) great, excellent
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dobry

### Adverb

super (not comparable)
* (colloquial) excellently

### See also

* super-

### Further reading

* super in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* super in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* súper (prescriptive)

### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin super; cf. also English super. Doublet of the inherited sobre.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsu.peʁ/ [ˈsu.peh]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈsu.peʁ/ [ˈsu.peh]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈsu.peɾ/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈsu.peʁ/ [ˈsu.peχ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈsu.peɻ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈsu.pɛɾ/
* Hyphenation: su‧per

### Adverb

super (not comparable)
* (informal) super, very (intensifier)
    Synonyms: muito, bastante, bué, mega
    super fixevery nice

### Adjective

super (invariable)
* super

#### Related terms

* super-

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French super. Doublet of spre.

### Adjective

super m or f or n (indeclinable)
* superb, great

#### Declension
### Adverb

super
* superbly

## Sardinian
### Alternative forms

* suber
* supre
* subre

### Etymology

From Latin super.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /super/

### Preposition

super
* on, on top of, above
    Synonym: supra

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin super; cf. also English super. Doublet of the inherited sobre.

### Adjective

super (invariable)
* (intensifier) very, mega

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²sʉːpɛr/

### Verb

super
* present indicative of supa

### Adjective

super (not comparable)
* perfect, super, excellent, great
    det blir super! ― that's going to be great!

#### Declension

Only used predicatively.