# 十六夜
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 十 | 六 | 夜 |
| いざよい |||
| Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 | Grade: 2 |
| jukujikun |||
⟨isayo$_1$pi$_1$⟩ → */isajʷopʲi/ → /isajopi/ → /isajofi/ → /izajofi/ → /izajowi/ → /izajoi/
From Old Japanese. Read as isayopi in the Nara Period, shifting to isayofi and izayofi alternating in free variation with in the Heian Period, and settling on izayoi thereafter.
Derived as the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 猶予(いざよ)う (izayou, “to pause, to hesitate”).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), literally the "sixteenth night → night after the full moon". This sense arose from the way the moonrise is slightly later just after the full moon, as if the moon is hesitating.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いざよい [ìzáyóí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [iza̠jo̞i]

#### Noun

十六夜(いざよい) • (izayoi)
* Short for 十六夜の月 (izayoi no tsuki): the moon just past the full moon, the start of the waning moon
    Synonym: 既望の月 (kibō no tsuki)
* the sixteenth night of the month under the lunar calendar, just after the full moon (common time for viewing the harvest moon in the Japanese 月見 (tsukimi, “moon viewing”) festival)
* (by extension of the "16" sense, poetic) sixteen years old
* (by extension of the "16" sense, archaic) a bet of 16 銭 (sen) on a competition or game of chance

#### Proper noun

十六夜(いざよい) • (Izayoi)
* a female given name

##### Coordinate terms

Lunar phases in Japanese · 月(げっ)相(そう) (gessō) :
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th |
| 新(にい)月(づき) (niizuki) 新(しん)月(げつ) (shingetsu) 朔(さく) (saku) 朔(さく)月(げつ) (sakugetsu) 月(つき)立(たち) (tsukitachi) | 二(ふつ)日(か)月(づき) (futsukazuki) 繊(せん)月(げつ) (sengetsu) 既(き)朔(さく) (kisaku) | 三(み)日(か)月(づき) (mikazuki) 若(わか)月(づき) (wakazuki) 眉(び)月(げつ) (bigetsu) 眉(まゆ)月(づき) (mayuzuki) | 四(よっ)日(か)月(づき) (yokkazuki) | 五(いつ)日(か)月(づき) (itsukazuki) |
| 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th |
| 六(むい)日(か)月(づき) (muikazuki) | 七(なの)日(か)月(づき) (nanokazuki) | 八(よう)日(か)月(づき) (yōkazuki) | 九(く)夜(や)月(づき) (kuyazuki) 九(ここの)日(か)月(つき) (kokonokatsuki) | 十(とう)日(かん)夜(や)の月(つき) (tōkan'ya no tsuki) |
| 十(とう)日(かん)夜(や)の月(つき) (tōkan'ya no tsuki) ||
| 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th |
| 十(じゅう)一(いち)日(にち)月(づき) (jūichinichizuki) | 十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)月(づき) (jūninichizuki) | 十(じゅう)三(さん)夜(や) (jūsan'ya) | 十(じゅう)四(よっ)日(か)月(づき) (jūyokkazuki) 小(こ)望(もち)月(づき) (komochizuki) 幾(き)望(ぼう) (kibō) 待(まつ)宵(よい)月(づき) (matsuyoizuki) | 十(じゅう)五(ご)夜(や) (jūgoya) 十(じゅう)五(ご)夜(や)の月(つき) (jūgoya no tsuki) 望(ぼう) (bō) 望(もち)月(づき) (mochizuki) 満(まん)月(げつ) (mangetsu) 三(さん)五(ご)の月(つき) (sango no tsuki) |
| 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th |
| 十六夜(いざよい) (izayoi) 十六夜(いざよい)の月(つき) (izayoi no tsuki) 既(き)望(ぼう) (kibō) 猶予(いざよう)月(つき) (izayōtsuki) | 立(たち)待(まち)月(づき) (tachimachizuki) | 居(い)待(まち)月(づき) (imachizuki) | 寝(ね)待(まち)月(づき) (nemachizuki) 臥(ふし)待(まち)月(づき) (fushimachizuki) | 二十(はつ)日(か)月(づき) (hatsukazuki) 更(ふけ)待(まち)月(づき) (fukemachizuki) 亥(い)中(なか)の月(つき) (inaka no tsuki) |
| 21st | 22nd | 23rd | 24th | 25th |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)一(いち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūichinichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)二(に)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūninichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)三(さん)夜(や) (nijūsan'ya) 二(に)十(じゅう)三(さん)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūsannichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)四(よ)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūyonichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)五(ご)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūgonichizuki) |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)五(ご)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūgonichizuki) ||
| 26th | 27th | 28th | 29th | 30th |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)夜(や) (nijūrokuya) 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūrokunichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)七(しち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūshichinichizuki) | 明(あ)けの三(み)日(か)月(づき) (ake no mikazuki) | 明(あ)けの三(み)日(か)月(づき) (ake no mikazuki) | 三十(みそ)日(か) (misoka) 三十(みそ)日(か)月(づき) (misokazuki) |
| 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)夜(や) (nijūrokuya) 二(に)十(じゅう)六(ろく)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūrokunichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)七(しち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūshichinichizuki) | 二(に)十(じゅう)八(はち)日(にち)月(づき) (nijūhachinichizuki) | 晦(つごもり) (tsugomori) | 晦(つごもり) (tsugomori) |
| Others |||||
| After 16th | In rain | | | |
| 残(ざん)月(げつ) (zangetsu) 有(あり)明(あけ)の月(つき) (ariake no tsuki) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(つき) (ariaketsuki) 有(あり)明(あけ) (ariake) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(づく)夜(よ) (ariakezukuyo) 有(あり)明(あけ)月(づき)夜(よ) (ariakezukiyo) 昼(ひる)の月(つき) (hiru no tsuki) 暁(あかつき)月(づく)夜(よ) (akatsukizukuyo) 暁(あかとき)月(づく)夜(よ) (akatokizukuyo) 暁(あかつき)月(づき)夜(よ) (akatsukizukiyo) 暁(あかつき)月(づき) (akatsukizuki) 暁(あかとき)月(づき) (akatokizuki) 暁(ぎょう)月(げつ) (gyōgetsu) | 雨(あま)夜(よ)の月(つき) (amayo no tsuki) | | | |

##### Derived terms

* 十六夜(いざよい)清心(せいしん) (Izayoi Seishin): common name for the kabuki play, 小(こ)袖(そで)曾我(そが)薊(あざみの)色縫(いろぬい) (Kosode Soga Azami no Ironui)
* 十六夜(いざよい)日記(にっき) (Izayoi Nikki): single-volume travelogue written in the mid-Kamakura Period by the Buddhist nun Abutsu-ni (阿仏尼).
* 十六夜(いざよい)日記(にっき)残月(ざんげつ)鈔(しょう) (Izayoi Nikki Zangetsu Shō): The first annotation of the Izayoi Nikki. It consists of three volumes, jointly written by late-Edo Period literary scholar Oyamada Tomoyuki (小山田与清) and his apprentice Hōjō Tokichika (北条時隣), published in 1824
* 十六夜(いざよい)薔薇(ばら) (izayoi bara, “chestnut, burr rose”): species of rose native to east Asia, Rosa roxburghii, member of sub-genus Platyrhodon

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 十 | 六 | 夜 |
| じゅう Grade: 1 | ろく Grade: 1 | や Grade: 2 |
| goon |||
Compound of 十六 (jūroku, “sixteen”) +‎ 夜 (ya, “night”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅうろくや [jùúrókúꜜyà] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːɾo̞kɯ̟ja̠]

#### Noun

十(じゅう)六(ろく)夜(や) • (jūroku-ya)
* the sixteenth night of the month under the lunar calendar, just after the full moon
    Synonym: 既望 (kibō)

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “十六夜”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN