# 掠

| 掠 | U+63A0, &#25504; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-63A0 |
| ← 掟 [U+639F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 採 → [U+63A1] |
| 掠 | U+F975, &#63861; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F975 |
| ← 若 [U+F974] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 略 → [U+F976] |

## Translingual
### Han character

掠 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手卜口火 (QYRF), four-corner 5009$_6$, composition ⿰扌京)
* rob, ransack, plunder
* pass by

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 438, character 11
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12273
* Dae Jaweon: page 788, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1903, character 2
* Unihan data for U+63A0
* Unihan data for U+F975

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 掠
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 涼 | *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs |
| 凉 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 椋 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 綡 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 輬 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 諒 | *ɡ·raŋs |
| 掠 | *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ |
| 弶 | *ɡaŋs |
| 京 | *kraŋ |
| 麖 | *kraŋ |
| 鶁 | *kraŋ |
| 景 | *kraŋʔ |
| 鯨 | *ɡraŋ |
| 黥 | *ɡraŋ |
| 勍 | *ɡraŋ |
| 剠 | *ɡraŋ |
| 倞 | *ɡraŋs |
| 影 | *qraŋʔ |
| 璟 | *qraŋʔ, *kʷraŋʔ |
| 憬 | *kʷraŋʔ |
| 暻 | *kʷraŋʔ |
| 澋 | *ɡʷraːŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ).

### Etymology 1

See 略 (lüè, “to plunder, to pillage”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lüè, lüě (lüe$^4$, lüe$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩㄝˋ, ㄌㄩㄝˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): loek$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lia̍k
    (Hailu, HRS): liag$^ˋ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): liŏk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lyoh$^7$ / lyeh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lio̍k / lia̍k / lia̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): liah$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lüè
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lyuè
*** Wade–Giles: lüeh$^4$
*** Yale: lywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liueh
*** Palladius: люэ (ljue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ly̯ɛ⁵¹/
** (Beijing dialect)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lüě
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄩㄝˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lyuě
*** Wade–Giles: lüeh$^3$
*** Yale: lywě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leue
*** Palladius: люэ (ljue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ly̯ɛ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loek$^6$
*** Yale: leuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loek$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêg$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lœːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lia̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: liag
*** Hagfa Pinyim: liag$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /li̯ak̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: liag$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /liak²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: liŏk
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃uoʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lyoh$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lio̤̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /lyɒʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: lyeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /lyøʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: lia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liak
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liak̚¹²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍h
*** Tâi-lô: lia̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liah
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liaʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liaʔ⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaʔ¹²¹/
* lio̍k/lia̍k - literary;
* lia̍h - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: ljangH, ljak
Rime :
| Character | 掠 | 掠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 力讓切 | 離灼切 |
| Baxter | ljangH | ljak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨɐŋ$^H$/ | /lɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /liɐŋ$^H$/ | /liɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /liɑŋ$^H$/ | /liɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /lɨaŋ$^H$/ | /lɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /liaŋ$^H$/ | /liak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭaŋ$^H$/ | /lĭak̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /li̯aŋ$^H$/ | /li̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | liàng | lüè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | loeng$^6$ | loek$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raŋs/, /*ɡ·raɡ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 掠 | 掠 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 6825 | 6843 |
| Phonetic component | 京 | 京 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 亮 | 略 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡ·raŋs/ | /*ɡ·raɡ/ |

#### Definitions

掠
* to rob; to loot
* to sweep through
* (Southern Min) to catch; to capture; to arrest
** Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板一世報全歌》, volume 3, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 10:
       uêng$^5$ ghua$^7$ gin$^3$ liou$^2$ ki$^3$ ngang$^1$ ngang$^1$, cêg$^4$ sian$^1$ gê$^1$ dêng$^1$ nang$^5$ zêg$^8$ zêng$^3$, e$^2$ ua$^2$ liah$^8$ zu$^6$ no$^6$ gai$^5$ nang$^5$ [Peng'im]
       The master of the house was filled with rage on seeing this, and called to the group of servants: “capture [those] two for me”
* (Hokkien) to massage by kneading
* (Hokkien) to estimate; to evaluate; to assess; to suppose
* (Hokkien) to control; to manipulate; to work out (to bring about or maintain a certain result)
* (Hokkien) Classifier for lengths in spans, or the width of an open hand from the end of the thumb to the end of the middle finger: span
* (Hokkien) used to introduce the target of a following verb phrase
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to mend (especially by knitting)
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to identify the problem area
* (Classical Chinese) to flog; to beat
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Zhào Gāo zhì Sī, bàng lüè qiān yú, bùshēng tòng, zì wū fú. [Pinyin]
    Zhao Gao, as inquisitor, gave Li Si over a thousand flogs by the rod. Si, unable to bear the pain, false pleaded guilty.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 捉, 抓, 捕, 捕捉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 抓, 捉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 捉 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 捉, 抓 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 捉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 捉 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 捉 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 捉 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 捉 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 捉 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 捉 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 捉 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 捉 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 捉 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 捉 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 掠 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 捉 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 捉 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 抲 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 抲 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 抲 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 逮捕, 拘捕, 捕捉, 緝捕, 捉拿 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 逮, 抓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 捉, 抓 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 捉, 抓 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 拉 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 拉, 錔 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 拉 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 捉 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 緝掠 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 網, 網董 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 掠 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 掠 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 捕 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 揢 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 拔 |
* (span): 拃 (zhǎ)
* (used to introduce the target): 拿 (ná)

#### Compounds

* 侵掠 (qīnlüè)
* 剽掠 (piāolüè)
* 劫掠 (jiélüè)
* 大掠
* 姦淫擄掠 / 奸淫掳掠
* 後掠翼 / 后掠翼
* 抄掠
* 扭掠:liú-lia̍h;Min Nan
* 掠上心頭 / 掠上心头
* 掠亂 / 掠乱
* 掠人之美
* 掠削
* 掠取 (lüèqǔ)
* 掠地攻城
* 掠奪 / 掠夺 (lüèduó)
* 掠子
* 掠影 (lüèyǐng)
* 掠是搬非
* 掠殺 / 掠杀
* 掠治
* 掠準:lia̍h-chún;Min Nan / 掠准:lia̍h-chún;Min Nan
* 掠美
* 掠脂斡肉
* 掠過 / 掠过 (lüèguò)
* 掠頭 / 掠头
* 掠食者 (lüèshízhě)
* 掠龍:lia̍h-lêng;Min Nan / 掠龙:lia̍h-lêng;Min Nan
* 搶掠 / 抢掠 (qiǎnglüè)
* 擄掠 / 掳掠 (lǔlüè)
* 擗掠
* 攻城掠地 (gōngchénglüèdì)
* 攻掠
* 暴掠
* 榜掠
* 殺掠 / 杀掠 (shālüè)
* 浮光掠影 (fúguānglüèyǐng)
* 焚掠
* 考掠
* 肆掠
* 虛嘴掠舌 / 虚嘴掠舌
* 鈔掠 / 钞掠

#### Descendants

* → Proto-Tai: *C̬.lakᴰ (“to steal”)
** Thai: ลัก (lák, “to steal”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): loek$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: loek$^1$
*** Yale: lēuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loek$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lœːk̚⁵/

#### Definitions

掠
* (Cantonese) to obtain (money) forcefully

#### Compounds

* 掠水
* 掠錢 / 掠钱

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: らく (raku)、ろう (rō)
* Kan-on: りゃく (ryaku)、りょう (ryō)
* Kun: かすめる (kasumeru, 掠める)

#### Compounds

* 侵掠(しんりゃく) (shinryaku)
* 奪掠(だつりゃく) (datsuryaku)
* 掠奪(りゃくだつ) (ryakudatsu)
* 掠笞(りょうち) (ryōchi)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 掠
* りゃく Jinmeiyō
* on'yomi
Middle Chinese 掠

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りゃく [ryáꜜkù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɾʲa̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

掠(りゃく) • (ryaku)
* the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong

#### Hypernyms

* 永字八法(えいじはっぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)

#### Coordinate terms

* 側(そく) (soku, “the first of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 勒(ろく) (roku, “the second of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 努(ど) (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 趯(てき) (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 策(さく) (saku, “the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 啄(たく) (taku, “the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
* 磔(たく) (taku, “the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

掠 (eumhun 노략질할 략 (noryakjilhal ryak), word-initial (South Korea) 노략질할 약 (noryakjilhal yak))
* hanja form of 략/약 (“rob, ransack, plunder”)
* hanja form of 략/약 (“pass by”)
掠 (eumhun 볼기칠 량 (bolgichil ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 볼기칠 양 (bolgichil yang))
* hanja form of 량/양 (“flog, beat”)

### See also

* 略

## Vietnamese
### Han character

掠: Hán Nôm readings: lướt, lược, lựng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.