# cos
## Translingual
### Symbol

cos
* (trigonometry) cosine.
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Corsican.

#### Derived terms

* arccos

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Corsican terms

## English
### Etymology 1

Clipping of cos lettuce, variously derived from the Greek island of Kos and from Arabic خس (ḵass, “lettuce”).

#### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /kɑs/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kɒs/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒs

#### Noun

cos (plural coses)
* (chiefly UK) Synonym of romaine lettuce, a long-leaved variety of lettuce.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /kɒz/; (unstressed) IPA: /kəz/
* (General American) IPA: /kʌz/; (unstressed) IPA: /kəz/

#### Conjunction

cos
* (UK, Ireland, South Africa, African-American Vernacular) Informal spelling of 'cause (“because”).
** 2021, Isabel Waidner, Sterling Karat Gold, Peninsula Press, page 161:Taking the shortcut through the alleyway by the Jobcentre Plus, just cos I can, we arrive at my flat within minutes.

### Etymology 3

Clipping of cousin.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʌz/

#### Noun

cos (plural cosses)
* (informal, African-American Vernacular) Alternative form of coz, cousin.

### Etymology 4

From co +‎ -s.

#### Noun

cos
* plural of co

#### Pronoun

cos
* (nonstandard) Belonging to co. Gender-neutral possessive adjective, grammatically equivalent to the gendered his and her and the singular their.
** 1973, Michael Glenn, Richard Kunnes, Repression or Revolution?: Therapy in the United States Today, Harper Colophon Books, →ISBN, page 53:Psychiatrists are trained to try to impose the responsibility for a patient’s problem on the patient coself, rather than on cos environment.
** 1975, Valida Davila, “A Child’s Sexual Bill of Rights”, in Bernhardt J. Hurwood, editor, The Whole Sex Catalogue, New York, N.Y.: Pinnacle Books, published 1976, →ISBN, page 287:WHEREAS a child’s sexuality is just as much a part of cos whole person from birth as the blood that flows in cos veins, making cos sexual rights inherent and inalienable […]
** 1986, Ingrid Komar, Living the Dream: Twin Oaks Community 1979-1982, Louisa, Va.: Twin Oaks Community, →OCLC, page 355:Co absents coself from the Community for more than three weeks beyond the point of having made satisfactory arrangements with the Community with regard to cos absence.

##### Alternative forms

* co's

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

cos (plural coses or cos)
* Alternative form of coss, a traditional Nepali unit of distance.
** 1857, Brian Houghton Hodgson, Selections from the Records of the Government of Bengal, No. XXVII: Papers Relative to the Colonization, Commerce, Physical Geography, &c., &c., of the Himalaya Mountains and Nepal, p. 22:
    The stages and distances are as follows:—Hitounda to Bhainsa Dobháng, 3½ cos; to Bhimphédy, 4 cos; to Tambakhâni, 3 cos; to Chitlong, 3 cos; to Thankot, 3 cos; to Káthmándú, 3 cos—Total, 19½ cos.

### See also

* cosmid

### Anagrams

* CSO, OCS, OCs, OSC, SCO, SOC, SoC, Soc, Soc., soc, soc.

## Aromanian
### Alternative forms

* cosu

### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *cōsō, from Latin consuō. Compare Romanian coase, cos.

### Verb

cos first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative coasi or coase, past participle cusutã)
* to sew

#### Related terms

* coasiri/coasire
* cusut

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan cors, from Latin corpus. Doublet of the borrowing corpus.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkɔs]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cos m (plural cossos)
* body (physical structure of a human or animal)
* body, corpse
    Synonym: cadàver

#### Derived terms

* anticòs
* cos celeste
* cos pituïtari
* cossar
* cossatge

### References

* “cos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

### Further reading

* “cos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “cos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
* “cos” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

cos
* (ACG, informal) cosplay
    玩cos的人 ― wán cos de rén ― someone who cosplays; cosplayer
* (ACG, informal) cosplay costume

### Verb

cos
* (ACG, informal) to cosplay
* (slang, by extension) LARP; To pretend to be something, or act as something
    cos共產主義／cos共产主义 ― cos gòngchǎnzhǔyì ― LARP as a communist

#### Derived terms

* coser

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈt͡sos]

### Pronoun

cos
* Alternative form of cosi

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “cos”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “cos”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “cos”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Slovene kòš, from Proto-Slavic *košь.

### Noun

cos m (plural cos)
* basket
    Synonyms: gei, geùt, ceste

## Galician
### Etymology

From contraction of preposition con (“with”) + masculine plural definite article os (“the”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkoːs̺/

### Contraction

cos m pl (masculine co, feminine coa, feminine plural coas)
* with the

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* cois (Cois Fharraige)

### Etymology

From Old Irish cos, from Proto-Celtic *koxsā (cf. Welsh coes), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *koḱs-, whence also Latin coxa (“hip”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔsˠ/
* (Munster) IPA: /kɔsˠ/, /kɞsˠ/

### Noun

cos f (genitive singular coise, nominative plural cosa)
* foot
* leg

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
cos
cosa
vocative
a chos
a chosa
genitive
coise
cos
dative
cois
cosa
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an chos
na cosa
genitive
na coise
na gcos
dative
leis an gcois don chois
leis na cosa :
* Dual: dhá chois

#### Derived terms

* a chois (“beside”)
* alt na coise
* ar cois (“afoot”)
* bord scríbhneoireachta coise (“pedestal writing-table”)
* caol na coise (“ankle”)
* cois
* coisbheart (“footwear”)
* coiscéim (“footstep”)
* coisdeargán (“redshank”)
* coisí (“pedestrian”)
* coisigh (“travel on foot”)
* coislí (“footpath”)
* coistéad (“footrope”)
* cor coise (“act of tripping someone”)
* cos bhacóide (“one leg (of the two)”)
* cos deiridh (“hind leg”)
* cos dubh (“maidenhair”)
* cos ghé (“goosefoot”)
* cos thinn (“rainy day”)
* cos tosaigh (“front leg”)
* cos-ardach (“arched; high-stepping”)
* cos-scamallach (“web-footed”)
* cos-slua (“infantry”)
* cosa fuara (“stilts”)
* cosa in airde
* cosacán (“fetter”)
* cosán (“path”)
* cosbhalla (“footwall”)
* cosbhuí (“yellow-footed”)
* cosdaingean (“sure-footed”)
* cosdeargán
* coséadrom (“light-footed”)
* cosfhada (“long-legged”)
* coslia (“podiatrist”)
* cosligthe (“unfettered”)
* cosluath (“light-footed”)
* cosmhuintir (“hangers-on, dependants”)
* costinn (“footsore”)
* costirim (“dry-footed”)
* crágchos (“cheliped”)
* de chois
* deil choise (“treadle”)
* droichead coise (“footbridge”)
* fadchosach (“long-legged”)
* gearrchosach (“short-legged; short-handled”)
* i gcois (“beside”)
* in aghaidh do chos
* in éadan do chos (“reluctantly”)
* ionga coise (“toenail”)
* le cois (“in addition to”)
* maide coise (“stretcher”)
* méar coise (“toe”)
* muileann coise (“treadmill”)
* saighdiúir coise (“foot soldier”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cos”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 350, page 120
* ↑ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 36, page 20

### Further reading

* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cos”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 185
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cos”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

## Kashubian
### Alternative forms

* cosz (regional)

### Etymology

From co +‎ -s. Compare Polish coś and Slovincian cesz.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡sɔs/
* Rhymes: -ɔs
* Syllabification: cos

### Pronoun

cos
* indeterminate pronoun; something

### Further reading

* Stefan Ramułt (1893) “cos”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 18
* Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “coś”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
* “cos/cosz”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *kōtis, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃- (“to sharpen”). Cognate with Latin catus (“clever, cunning”), cautēs (“pointed rock”), cuneus (“wedge”) and Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkoːs/, [ˈkoːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkos/, [ˈkɔs]

#### Noun

cōs f (genitive cōtis); third declension
* whetstone

##### Declension

Third-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* cōtōria

##### Descendants

* Catalan: cot
* French: queux
* Italian: cote, cotano
* Megleno-Romanian: cuti
* Romanian: cute
* Sicilian: cuti
* ⇒ Spanish: codón

### Etymology 2
#### Alternative forms

* COS

#### Noun

cos
* Abbreviation of consul.

### References

* “cos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “cos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "cos", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* “cos”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “cos”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* cus, kis, kys, kysse, kesse

### Etymology

From Old English coss, from Proto-West Germanic *koss, from Proto-Germanic *kussaz. Forms with /i/, /u/ and /ɛ/ are influenced by Old English cyssan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔs/, /kus/, /kis/, /kɛs/

### Noun

cos (plural cosses or cossen)
* a kiss (action of kissing)
    Synonym: kissynge

#### Descendants

* English: kiss
* Scots: kis
* Yola: kesse

#### References

* “cos, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Old Cornish
### Etymology

Proto-Brythonic *kọs, from Latin cāseus.

### Noun

cos
* cheese
** c. 1200, Latin-Old Cornish Glossary in British Library MS Cotton Vespasian A XIV, folio 10 recto:
    Caseus⹎ cos vel caus.Cheese. — cheese or cheese.

#### Descendants

* Middle Cornish: kez, keas
** Cornish: keus

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kos/

### Noun

cos m
* Alternative form of coss

## Old French
### Noun

cos m
* inflection of cop:
** oblique plural
** nominative singular

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *koxsā (cf. Welsh coes), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *koḱs-. Cognate with Latin coxa (“hip”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kos]

### Noun

cos f (genitive coise, nominative plural cossa)
* foot
* leg

#### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: cos
* Manx: cass
* Scottish Gaelic: cas

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cos”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* (Lesser Poland):
** (Goral):
*** (Żywiec) IPA: /ˈt͡sɔs/

### Pronoun

cos
* (Żywiec) Alternative form of coś

### Further reading

* Leon Rzeszowski (1891) “cos”, in “Spis wyrazów ludowych z okolic Żywca”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 354

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kus/
* (Brazil) IPA: /kus/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kuʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kos/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kuʃ/

### Contraction

cos m pl (feminine plural cas)
* (colloquial) Contraction of com os (“with the (masculine plural)”).

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -os

### Verb

cos
* inflection of coase:
** first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** third-person plural present indicative

## Spanish
### Noun

cos m pl
* plural of co

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒos/

#### Noun

cos (definite accusative cosu, plural coslar)
* (onomatopoeia) sizzle (the sound of water hitting a hot surface)

### Etymology 2

Clipping of cosplay, from English cosplay.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkos/

#### Noun

cos (definite accusative cosu, plural coslar)
* Abbreviation of cosplay.
    O kadar Kalista cos yapmışsındır ama gelen soru "mavi mi"dir.When you went through the effort of doing a Kalista cosplay but all they do is ask "is it blue?".