# بحر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-West Semitic *baḥr- (“sea”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baħr/
* Audio:(file)

#### Noun

بَحْر • (baḥr) m (plural بِحَار (biḥār) or بُحُور (buḥūr) or أَبْحُر (ʔabḥur))
* verbal noun of بَحَرَ (baḥara) (form I)
* sea
    Coordinate terms: بَرّ (barr), جَوّ (jaww)
    فِي الصَّيْفِ، نُحِبُّ قِضَاءَ وَقْتٍ مُمْتَعٍ عَلَى شَوَاطِئِ الْبَحْرِ.fī ṣ-ṣayfi, nuḥibbu qiḍāʔa waqtin mumtaʕin ʕalā šawāṭiʔi l-baḥri.In the summer, we love spending enjoyable time on the seashore.
* large river
* a noble or great man (possessed of a sea of knowledge, experience and wisdom)
* (poetry) poetic meter

##### Derived terms

* أَمِير الْبَحْر (ʔamīr al-baḥr)
* مِنَ النَّهْرِ إلَى الْبَحْرِ (mina n-nahri ʔilā l-baḥri)

##### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: بَحَر (bəḥər)
* Maltese: baħar
* Moroccan Arabic: بحر (bḥar)
* → Azerbaijani: bəhr
* → Bengali: বহর (bohor)
* → Lishana Deni: בחר (baḥḥaṛ)
* → Ottoman Turkish: بحر (baḥr)
** Turkish: bahir
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਬਹਿਰ (bahir)
    Shahmukhi script: بحر (bḥr)
* → Swahili: bahari
** → Malagasy: bahary
* → Uzbek: bahr
* → Zaghawa: bahar

### Etymology 2

Denominal verb from بَحْر (baḥr, “sea”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baħ.ħa.ra/

#### Verb

بَحَّرَ • (baḥḥara) II (non-past يُبَحِّرُ (yubaḥḥiru), verbal noun تَبْحِير (tabḥīr))
* to travel by sea, to make a voyage

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.ħi.ra/

#### Verb

بَحِرَ • (baḥira) I (non-past يَبْحَرُ (yabḥaru), verbal noun بَحَر (baḥar))
* to be startled, to be bewildered with fright

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.ħa.ra/

#### Verb

بَحَرَ • (baḥara) I (non-past يَبْحَرُ (yabḥaru), verbal noun بَحْر (baḥr))
* to slit, to cut lengthwise
* to split
* to enlarge, to make wide

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 5
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.ħar/

#### Noun

بَحَر • (baḥar) m
* verbal noun of بَحِرَ (baḥira) (form I)

##### Declension
### References

* Freytag, Georg (1830) “بحر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 87–88
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “بحر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, pages 88–89
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “بحر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 156–157
* Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “بحر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 66–67

## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bəħər/

### Noun

بَحَر • (baḥar) m (before il- بَحْر (baḥr), plural بِحَار (biḥār))
* sea
* beach
    Synonym: (dated or obsolete) جال (jāl)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /baħar/

### Noun

بحر • (baḥar) m (construct state بَحْر (baḥr), plural بحور (buḥūr) or بحار (biḥār))
* sea
* beach

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bħar/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

بحر • (bḥar) m (plural بحور (bḥūr) or بحار (bḥār))
* sea
* beach

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).

### Noun

بحر • (bahr)
* (geography) sea
    Synonyms: دكز, دریا

#### Derived terms

* بحر سیاه (Bahr-i Siyah, “Black Sea”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: bahir

### References

* Redhouse, J. W. (1884) “sea”, in A Lexicon, English and Turkish, 3rd edition, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 667

## Pashto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).

### Noun

بحر • (bahr) m
* sea
* (Poetry) meter, rhythm

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [bahɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäɦɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [bäɦɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [bäɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [bäɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [bæɦɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [bäɦɾ]

### Noun

بَحْر • (bahr)
* (Dari,otherwise obsolete) sea
    Synonym: دَریا (daryâ)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ba.ħar/, [ˈbɑ.ħɑrˤ]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Noun

بحر • (baḥar) m (plural أبحار (ʔabḥār) or بحار (bḥār) or بحور (bḥūr))
* sea

#### Derived terms

* البحر الميت (il-baḥr il-mayyet, “Dead Sea”)
* البحر الأحمر (il-baḥr il-ʔaḥmar, “Red Sea”)
* البحر الأبيض المتوسط (il-baḥr il-ʔabyaḍ il-mutawasseṭ, “Mediterranean Sea”)

#### See also

* بحيرة (buḥayra, “lake”)
* محيط (muḥīṭ, “ocean”)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian بحر (bahr), from Arabic بَحْر (baḥr).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /bəɦɾ/, /bɛ.ɦ(ɛ)ɾ/

### Noun

بَحْر • (bahr) m (formal plural بحار, Hindi spelling बहर)
* (geography) ocean
    بحرِ ہند ― bahr-e-hind ― Indian Ocean
* sea
* meter

#### Synonyms

* (sea): سمندر (samandar), بحیرہ (bahīrā), ساگر (sāgar)