# 鐸

| 鐸 | U+9438, &#37944; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9438 |
| ← 鐷 [U+9437] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鐹 → [U+9439] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 鐸 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 鈬 |
| Simplified | 铎 |

### Han character

鐸 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+13, 21 strokes, cangjie input 金田中十 (CWLJ), four-corner 8614$_1$, composition ⿰釒睪)

#### Derived characters

* 𮇁

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1324, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40951
* Dae Jaweon: page 1825, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4264, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9438

## Chinese

* 鐸

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 斁 | *ʔl'aːɡs, *l'aːɡs, *laːɡ |
| 籜 | *l̥ʰaːɡ |
| 蘀 | *l̥ʰaːɡ |
| 鐸 | *l'aːɡ |
| 凙 | *l'aːɡ |
| 襗 | *l'aːɡ, *rlaːɡ, *laːɡ |
| 擇 | *rlaːɡ |
| 澤 | *rlaːɡ |
| 鸅 | *rlaːɡ |
| 蠌 | *rlaːɡ |
| 檡 | *rlaːɡ, *hljaɡ |
| 釋 | *hljaɡ |
| 繹 | *laːɡ |
| 睪 | *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː |
| 譯 | *laːɡ |
| 嶧 | *laːɡ |
| 懌 | *laːɡ |
| 驛 | *laːɡ |
| 醳 | *laːɡ |
| 圛 | *laːɡ |
| 墿 | *laːɡ |
| 燡 | *laːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'aːɡ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): duó (duo$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dok$^6$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): tog$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): to̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dag$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: duó
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: duó
*** Wade–Giles: to$^2$
*** Yale: dwó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwo
*** Palladius: до (do)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dok$^6$
*** Yale: dohk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dok$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔːk̚²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tog$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰɔk̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k
*** Tâi-lô: to̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dag$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ta̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /tak̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: dak
Rime :
| Character | 鐸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒落切 |
| Baxter | dak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | duó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dok$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鐸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | duó |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dak › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁak/ |
| English | a kind of bell |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鐸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15125 |
| Phonetic component | 睪 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 鐸 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːɡ/ |

### Definitions

鐸
* (historical) large bronze bell with a wooden or bronze clapper and a long handle, used for war and to announce proclamations
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 司鐸 / 司铎 (sīduó)
* 振鐸 / 振铎
* 晉鐸 / 晋铎 (jìnduó)
* 木鐸 / 木铎
* 毀鐘為鐸 / 毁钟为铎
* 牛鐸 / 牛铎
* 秉鐸 / 秉铎
* 金鐸 / 金铎
* 鈴鐸 / 铃铎
* 鐸刀 / 铎刀
* 鐸舞 / 铎舞
* 鑊鐸 / 镬铎
* 風鐸 / 风铎
* 鬧鑊鐸 / 闹镬铎

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04356
* “鐸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 鈬 |
| Kyūjitai | 鐸 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鈬)
* a bell used for signaling
* wind chime

#### Readings

* Go-on: だく (daku)
* Kan-on: たく (taku)
* Kun: おおすず (ōsuzu, 鐸)、さなき (sanaki, 鐸)、すず (suzu, 鐸)、ぬて (nute, 鐸)、ぬりて (nurite, 鐸)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鐸
* ぬりて Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Of unknown derivation. Listed in dictionaries as a compound of two parts, ぬり (nuri, of unknown meaning) +‎ て (te, also with no meaning given; possibly 手 (te, “hand”)?).
First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɯ̟ɾʲite̞]

#### Noun

鐸(ぬりて) • (nurite)
* [from 720] (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling
** 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki, page 20:鈴鐸 上須受 下達洛反 奴利天鈴 / 鐸 | former: <suzu> / latter: spelled 達 + 洛 (= daku) in fanqie, <nurite>

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鐸
* ぬて Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Derivation unknown. Appears to be related to the nurite pronunciation.
First cited in the Kojiki of 712.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [nɯ̟te̞]

#### Noun

鐸(ぬて) • (nute)
* [from 712] (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 鐸
* さなき Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Appears to be a compound of さ (sa, uncertain, possibly “little, small, petty”?) +‎ 鳴き (naki, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 鳴(な)く (naku, “to make a sound”)).
First cited to a text from 807.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sa̠na̠kʲi]

#### Noun

鐸(さなき) • (sanaki)
* [from 807] (historical) an ancient large iron bell used in rituals

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 鐸
* たく Hyōgai
* kan'on
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 鐸 (MC dak). First cited to a text from 1688.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) たく [táꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ta̠kɯ̟]

#### Noun

鐸(たく) • (taku)
* [from 1688] a large bell made of copper or bronze with a long handle on the top to grab and ring

##### Derived terms

* 金(きん)鐸(たく) (kintaku)
* 銅(どう)鐸(たく) (dōtaku)
* 宝(ほう)鐸(たく) (hōtaku)
* 木(ぼく)鐸(たく) (bokutaku)

### Etymology 5

* Kanji in this term
* 鐸
* すず Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 鐸 – see the following entry. :
| 【鈴すず】S | [noun] [from 712] a bell, chime [noun] [from 759] (historical) Synonym of 駅鈴 (ekirei): station bells issued to 駅使 (ekishi) [noun] [from 720] 鐸: a large wind chime, a hanging bell with a clapper [proper noun] a female given name [proper noun] a surname |
(This term, 鐸, is an alternative spelling (wind chime) of the above term.) :

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 “鈴・鐸”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 “鐸”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
   * Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 鐸 (MC dak).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [tʰa̠k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [탁]

### Hanja

Wikisource 鐸 (eumhun 방울 탁 (bang'ul tak))
* hanja form of 탁 (“bell”)

#### Compounds

* 탁뇨 (鐸鐃, tangnyo)
* 탁령 (鐸鈴, tangnyeong)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鐸: Hán Nôm readings: đạc, đác
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.