# हि
## Awadhi
### Etymology

From Sanskrit हि (hí).

### Postposition

हि (hi)
* marks the dative case: to, for
    जिन्हाहि ― jinhāhi ― to whom

## Khaling
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swiʔ.

### Noun

हि (hi)
* blood

### References

* “हि”, in खालिङ - नेपाली - अङ्‍ग्रेजी शब्दकोश (Khaling - Nepali - English Dictionary), Nepal: SIL International, 2016.

## Newar
### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swiʔ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [hi]

### Noun

हि • (hi) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐴𑐶)
* blood

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* hi (Latin script)
* 𑀳𑀺 (Brahmi script)
* হি (Bengali script)
* හි (Sinhalese script)
* ဟိ or ႁိ (Burmese script)
* หิ (Thai script)
* ᩉᩥ (Tai Tham script)
* ຫິ (Lao script)
* ហិ (Khmer script)
* 𑄦𑄨 (Chakma script)

### Conjunction

हि
* Devanagari script form of hi (“because”)

### Adverb

हि
* Devanagari script form of hi (“certainly”)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* হি (Assamese script)
* ᬳᬶ (Balinese script)
* হি (Bengali script)
* 𑰮𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀳𑀺 (Brahmi script)
* ဟိ (Burmese script)
* હિ (Gujarati script)
* ਹਿ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌹𑌿 (Grantha script)
* ꦲꦶ (Javanese script)
* 𑂯𑂱 (Kaithi script)
* ಹಿ (Kannada script)
* ហិ (Khmer script)
* ຫິ (Lao script)
* ഹി (Malayalam script)
* ᡥᡳ (Manchu script)
* 𑘮𑘱 (Modi script)
* ᠾᠢ (Mongolian script)
* 𑧎𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐴𑐶 (Newa script)
* ହି (Odia script)
* ꢲꢶ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆲𑆴 (Sharada script)
* 𑖮𑖰 (Siddham script)
* හි (Sinhalese script)
* 𑪂𑩑 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚩𑚮 (Takri script)
* ஹி (Tamil script)
* హి (Telugu script)
* หิ (Thai script)
* ཧི (Tibetan script)
* 𑒯𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨱𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to throw, drive, wound”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɦi/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɦi/

#### Root

हि • (hi)
* to send forth, impel, urge on, hasten on
* to stimulate or incite to

##### Related roots

* हिंस् (hiṃs)

##### Derived terms
###### Primary Verbal Forms

* हिनोति (hinóti, Present)
* हेष्यति (heṣyáti, Future)
* हेता (hetā́, Periphrastic Future)
* अहैषीत् (áhaiṣīt, Aorist)
* अहेत् (áhet, Aorist)
* हीयात् (hīyā́t, Benedictive)
* जिघाय (jighā́ya, Perfect)

###### Secondary Forms

* हीयते (hīyáte, Passive)
* अहायि (áhāyi, Passive Aorist)
* हाययति (hāyáyati, Causative)
* अजीहयत् (ájīhayat, Causative Aorist)
* जिघीषति (jighīṣati, Desiderative)
* जेघीयते (jeghīyate, Intensive)

###### Non-Finite Forms

* हित (hitá, Past Participle)
* हेतव्य (hetavya, Gerundive)
* हेत्व (hétva, Gerundive)

###### Derived Nominal Forms

* हय (háya)
* हित्वन् (hítvan)
* हिन्व (hinvá)
* हेति (hetí)
* हेतु (hetú)
* हेतृ (hetṛ)
* हेमन् (hemán)

###### Prefixed Root Forms

* परिहि (parihi)
* प्रहि (prahi)

#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “हि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1297, 1303.
* William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 205
* Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “हि”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
* Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हि”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “HAY”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 802-3
* Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 245
* Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 174
* Pokorny, Julius (1959) “424”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 424

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰí, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰí, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi.

#### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /ɦí/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ɦi/

#### Particle

हि • (hí)
* for, because, on account of (never standing first in a sentence, but generally after the first word and used enclitically, sometimes after pronouns)
    सर्वो हि पृतना जिगीषति (sárvo hí pṛ́tanā jígīṣati) — for everybody wishes to win battles
    भवान् हि प्रमाणम् (bhavān hi pramāṇam) — for your honour is the authority
    तथा हि (tathā hi) — for example; accordingly
    न हि (ná hí), नहि (nahí) — for not; not at all
* just, pray, do (with an imperative or potential emphatically; sometimes with indicative)
    पश्यामो हि (paśyāmo hi) — we will just see
* indeed, assuredly, surely, of course, certainly
    हि वै (hí vaí) — most assuredly
    हि – तु (hi – tu), हि – पुनर् (hi – punar) — indeed – but
* often a mere expletive, especially to avoid a hiatus, sometimes repeated in the same sentence; hi is also said to be an interjection of "envy", "contempt", "hurry" etc.

##### Descendants

* → Awadhi: हि (hi)
* ⇒ Hindustani:
** Hindi: ही (hī)
** Urdu: ہی (hī)

#### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “हि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1297, column 3.
* Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 814-5