OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Porfido
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Porfido m or f by sense
* a surname

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025
# buto kambing
## Makasar
### Etymology

Compound of buto (“scrotum”) +‎ kambing (“goat”), calque of Malay pelir kambing (literally “goat testicle”). Cognate Musi peler kambing, Tausug pali kambing, Maguindanao plil, Javanese ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦏꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦁ (kontholkambing).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌbutoˈkambiŋ/

### Noun

buto kambing (Lontara spelling ᨅᨘᨈᨚ ᨀᨅᨗ)
* Jemput-jemput, a delicacy made of overripe bananas, cut into pieces, wrapped in rice flour dough, and fried as balls in hot coconut oil.
    Synonyms: putu kambing, kambing-kambing

### Further reading

* A. A. Cense (2024) Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek‎, Brill, →DOI
# شتر
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* اشتر (uştur)

### Etymology

From Classical Persian شتر (šutur, “camel”).

### Noun

شتر • (şütür)
* camel
    Synonym: دوه (deve)
    شتر بار ― a camel load (about 700 pounds)

#### Derived terms

* شترك (şütürek)

### Further reading

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شتر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 720
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “شتر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1116

## Persian
### Alternative forms

* اشتر (oštor) (archaic, dialectal)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (GMRA, ʾwštl /⁠uštar⁠/, “camel”), from Proto-Iranian *úštrah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *úštras.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʃu.ˈtuɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊ́ɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊ́ɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʃʊ.t̪ʰʊ́ɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔu.ʃu.t̪ʰúɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʃo.t̪ʰóɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʃu.t̪ʰúɾ]

### Noun

شتر • (šotor)
* camel

#### Derived terms

* شترمرغ (šotormorğ)
* شتربان (šotorbân)
* شترخار (šotorxâr)
* شترگاوپلنگ (šotor-gâv-palang)
* شتر دوکوهان (šotor-e do-kuhân)

#### Descendants

* → Gujarati: શુતર (śutar)
* → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੁਤਰ (śutar)
    Shahmukhi script: شتر (šutar)

### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “شتر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “اشتر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* David Neil MacKenzie (1990-12-15) “Camel”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York
# ინსტრუქტაჟი
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [instʼɾukʰtʼaʒi]

### Noun

ინსტრუქტაჟი • (insṭrukṭaži) (uncountable)
* briefing

#### Declension

Declension of ინსტრუქტაჟი (see Georgian declension) :
| | singular |
| nominative | ინსტრუქტაჟი (insṭrukṭaži) |
| ergative | ინსტრუქტაჟმა (insṭrukṭažma) |
| dative | ინსტრუქტაჟს(ა) (insṭrukṭažs(a)) |
| genitive | ინსტრუქტაჟის(ა) (insṭrukṭažis(a)) |
| instrumental | ინსტრუქტაჟით(ა) (insṭrukṭažit(a)) |
| adverbial | ინსტრუქტაჟად(ა) (insṭrukṭažad(a)) |
| vocative | ინსტრუქტაჟო (insṭrukṭažo) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. ||||
Postpositional inflection of ინსტრუქტაჟი (see Georgian postpositions) :
| postpositions taking the dative case | singular | plural |
| -ზე (-ze, “on”) | ინსტრუქტაჟზე (insṭrukṭažze) | |
| -თან (-tan, “near”) | ინსტრუქტაჟთან (insṭrukṭažtan) | |
| -ში (-ši, “in”) | ინსტრუქტაჟში (insṭrukṭažši) | |
| -ვით (-vit, “like”) | ინსტრუქტაჟივით (insṭrukṭaživit) | |
| postpositions taking the genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (-tvis, “for”) | ინსტრუქტაჟისთვის (insṭrukṭažistvis) | |
| -ებრ (-ebr, “like”) | ინსტრუქტაჟისებრ (insṭrukṭažisebr) | |
| -კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) | ინსტრუქტაჟისკენ (insṭrukṭažisḳen) | |
| -გან (-gan, “from/of”) | ინსტრუქტაჟისგან (insṭrukṭažisgan) | |
| -ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”) | ინსტრუქტაჟისადმი (insṭrukṭažisadmi) | |
| postpositions taking the instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (-dan, “from/since”) | ინსტრუქტაჟიდან (insṭrukṭažidan) | |
| -ურთ (-urt, “together with”) | ინსტრუქტაჟითურთ (insṭrukṭažiturt) | |
| postpositions taking the adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (-mde, “up to”) | ინსტრუქტაჟამდე (insṭrukṭažamde) | |
# untreowum
## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈunˌtre͜oː.wum/

### Noun

untrēowum
* dative plural of untrēow
# chân trời
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

chân (“foot/leg”) +‎ trời (“sky”). Semantically, compare Khmer ជើងមេឃ (cəəng meik) or Tày tin fạ.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [t͡ɕən˧˧ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]
* (Huế) IPA: [t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ ʈəːj˦˩]
* (Saigon) IPA: [cəŋ˧˧ ʈəːj˨˩]

### Noun

chân trời • (蹎𡗶)
* horizon
* (figurative) prospect; possibility; potential

#### Derived terms

* chân trời góc bể
* chân trời sự kiện
* đường chân trời
# temperamentní
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtɛmpɛramɛntɲiː]

### Adjective

temperamentní
* lively, vivacious

#### Related terms

* temperament

### Further reading

* “temperamentní”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “temperamentní”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# dize gelmek
## Turkish
### Verb

dize gelmek (third-person singular simple present dize gelir)
* to come to heel

#### Conjugation

* Show negative conjugation:
* Show potential conjugation:
* Show impotential conjugation:

#### Derived terms

* dize gelinmek
* dize getirmek

### Further reading

* “dize gelmek”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
# косоглазие
## Russian
### Etymology

косо́й (kosój) +‎ -о- (-o-) +‎ глаз (glaz) +‎ -ие (-ije)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kəsɐˈɡɫazʲɪje]

### Noun

косогла́зие • (kosoglázije) n inan (genitive косогла́зия, uncountable)
* strabismus

#### Related terms

* косо́й (kosój), ко́со (kóso)
* коси́ть impf (kosítʹ)
* косогла́зый (kosoglázyj)
# genogroupable
## English
### Etymology

From genogroup +‎ -able.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Adjective

genogroupable (comparative more genogroupable, superlative most genogroupable)
* Capable of being genogrouped.

#### Derived terms

* nongenogroupable
# ინტერვენცია
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Latin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [intʼeɾʷent͡sʰia]

### Noun

ინტერვენცია • (inṭervencia) (uncountable)
* intervention

#### Declension

Declension of ინტერვენცია (see Georgian declension) :
| | singular |
| nominative | ინტერვენცია (inṭervencia) |
| ergative | ინტერვენციამ (inṭervenciam) |
| dative | ინტერვენციას(ა) (inṭervencias(a)) |
| genitive | ინტერვენციის(ა) (inṭervenciis(a)) |
| instrumental | ინტერვენციით(ა) (inṭervenciit(a)) |
| adverbial | ინტერვენციად(ა) (inṭervenciad(a)) |
| vocative | ინტერვენციავ (inṭervenciav) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. ||||
Postpositional inflection of ინტერვენცია (see Georgian postpositions) :
| postpositions taking the dative case | singular | plural |
| -ზე (-ze, “on”) | ინტერვენციაზე (inṭervenciaze) | |
| -თან (-tan, “near”) | ინტერვენციასთან (inṭervenciastan) | |
| -ში (-ši, “in”) | ინტერვენციაში (inṭervenciaši) | |
| -ვით (-vit, “like”) | ინტერვენციასავით (inṭervenciasavit) | |
| postpositions taking the genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (-tvis, “for”) | ინტერვენციისთვის (inṭervenciistvis) | |
| -ებრ (-ebr, “like”) | ინტერვენციისებრ (inṭervenciisebr) | |
| -კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) | ინტერვენციისკენ (inṭervenciisḳen) | |
| -გან (-gan, “from/of”) | ინტერვენციისგან (inṭervenciisgan) | |
| -ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”) | ინტერვენციისადმი (inṭervenciisadmi) | |
| postpositions taking the instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (-dan, “from/since”) | ინტერვენციიდან (inṭervenciidan) | |
| -ურთ (-urt, “together with”) | ინტერვენციითურთ (inṭervenciiturt) | |
| postpositions taking the adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (-mde, “up to”) | ინტერვენციამდე (inṭervenciamde) | |
# abrasileirar
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From a- +‎ brasileiro +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /a.bɾa.zi.le(j)ˈɾa(ʁ)/ [a.bɾa.zi.le(ɪ̯)ˈɾa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /a.bɾa.zi.le(j)ˈɾa(ʁ)/ [a.bɾa.zi.le(ɪ̯)ˈɾa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /a.bɾa.zi.le(j)ˈɾa(ɾ)/ [a.bɾa.zi.le(ɪ̯)ˈɾa(ɾ)]
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /a.bɾa.zi.le(j)ˈɾa(ʁ)/ [a.bɾa.zi.le(ɪ̯)ˈɾa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /a.bɾa.zi.le(j)ˈɾa(ɻ)/ [a.bɾa.zi.le(ɪ̯)ˈɾa(ɻ)]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.bɾɐ.zi.lɐjˈɾaɾ/ [ɐ.βɾɐ.zi.lɐjˈɾaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.bɾɐ.zi.lɐjˈɾaɾ/ [ɐ.βɾɐ.zi.lɐjˈɾaɾ]
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.bɾɐ.zi.lejˈɾaɾ/ [ɐ.βɾɐ.zi.lejˈɾaɾ]
** (Central Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.bɾɐ.zi.lejˈɾaɾ/ [ɐ.βɾɐ.zi.lejˈɾaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ɐ.bɾɐ.zi.leˈɾa.ɾi/ [ɐ.βɾɐ.zi.leˈɾa.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: a‧bra‧si‧lei‧rar

### Verb

abrasileirar (first-person singular present abrasileiro, first-person singular preterite abrasileirei, past participle abrasileirado)
* to Brazilianize

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* abrasileiramento
* desabrasileirar

### Further reading

* “abrasileirar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “abrasileirar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
# Mohorovicic
## Translingual
### Proper noun

Mohorovicic
* Alternative form of Mohorovičić

## English
### Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian Mohorovičić.

### Proper noun

Mohorovicic
* A surname from Serbo-Croatian.
* A placename
** A crater in Moon, named after Andrija Mohorovičić
** An asteroid in Main Asteroid Belt, Solar System, the 8422nd asteroid registered; named after Andrija Mohorovičić

#### Synonyms

(asteroid):
* Mohorovičić
(crater):
* Mohorovicic Crater / Crater Mohorovicic
* Mohorovičić

#### Derived terms

* Mohorovicic discontinuity
* Mohorovicic A (a crater on the Moon)
* Mohorovicic D (a crater on the Moon)
* Mohorovicic F (a crater on the Moon)
* Mohorovicic R (a crater on the Moon)
* Mohorovicic W (a crater on the Moon)
* Mohorovicic Z (a crater on the Moon)
# transparentní
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈtransparɛntɲiː]

### Adjective

transparentní
* transparent
    Synonym: průhledný

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “transparentní”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “transparentní”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# middleward
## English
### Etymology

middle +‎ -ward

### Adverb

middleward (not comparable)
* Toward the middle.
# shuk
## English
### Etymology

From Hebrew שוק. Doublet of souq.

### Noun

shuk
* An Israeli street market.

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* shungulloj

### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *uka, from Proto-Indo-European *u̯ek (“to bend”). Cognate to Sanskrit वच्यते (vacyáte, “to fly up”).

### Verb

shuk (aorist shuka, participle shukur)
* to press, beat, push, shake

#### Conjugation

* Show compound tenses:

### Noun

shuk m (plural shuka, definite shuku, definite plural shukat)
* ball (of clothes, thread, paper etc.)

#### Derived terms

* shukje
* shukull

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “shuk”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 445

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈzɦuk]

### Noun

shuk m inan
* (dialectal) Alternative form of shluk.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “shuk”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “shuk”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Jingpho
### Etymology

Borrowed from Burmese ရှုပ် (hrup).

### Adjective

shuk
* messy

### References

* Kurabe, Keita (2016 December 31) “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”, in Kyoto University Linguistic Research‎, volume 35, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 91–128
# genomal
## English
### Etymology

From genome +‎ -al.

### Adjective

genomal (not comparable)
* Synonym of genomic

#### Derived terms

* intergenomal
# glenoid
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek γληνοειδής (glēnoeidḗs, “socket like”), equivalent to From glene +‎ -oid.

### Noun

glenoid (plural glenoids)
* (anatomy) A shallow depression in a bone, especially in the scapula.

#### Derived terms

* ectoglenoid
* interglenoid
* preglenoid
* retroglenoid
* supraglenoid

#### Translations
### Adjective

glenoid (not comparable)
* (anatomy) Of or pertaining to this depression.

#### Derived terms

* ectoglenoiden
* glenoidal
* glenoid cavity
* glenoid fossa
* glenoid labrum
* infraglenoid
* postglenoid

### Anagrams

* doeling, on-glide, onglide

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French glénoïde.

### Adjective

glenoid m or n (feminine singular glenoidă, masculine plural glenoizi, feminine and neuter plural glenoide)
* glenoid
# agmen
## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵ-mn̥ ~ *h₂ǵ-mén-s (“army, band, troop; marching of an army”), from the root *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”). Cognate with Sanskrit अज्म॑न् (ájman, “army, band, flock; procession of an army”).
Surface analysis is agō (“do, act”) +‎ -men (noun-forming suffix).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaɡ.men/, [ˈäɡmɛn]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈaɡ.men/, [ˈäɡmen]

### Noun

agmen n (genitive agminis); third declension
* a train of something; multitude, host, crowd, flock
* an army, column, troop, band; line of troops
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.82–83:[...] ac ventī, velut agmine factō, quā data porta ruunt et terrās turbine perflant.[...] And the winds, as if become a [charging] column, whereby given passage rush [forth] and blow ’cross the world in a whirlwind. (King Aeolus releases the winds like a military force to destroy the Trojan fleet. See: Aeolus (son of Hippotes).)
* (of water) stream, course, current, motion
* (of an army) procession, march, progress, movement
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.212–213:“[...] Illī agmine certō / Lāocoönta petunt [...].”“[The sea serpents] with a steady march make straight for Laocoön [...].” – Aeneas

#### Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

#### Derived terms

* agminālis
* agminātim

### References

* “agmen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “agmen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "agmen", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* agmen in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. the centre of the marching column: agmen medium (Liv. 10. 41) the vanguard: agmen primum the rearguard: agmen novissimum (extremum) to bring up the rear: agmen claudere, cogere to set the army in motion: agmen agere to lead the army with forced marches: citatum agmen rapere to lead the army with forced marches: raptim agmen ducere to march down on to..: agmen, exercitum demittere in... to march with closed ranks, in order of battle: agmine quadrato incedere, ire in two, three columns: agmine duplici, triplici
* “agmen”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “agmen”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
# јасјас
## Macedonian
### Etymology

Calque from a folk etymology of English meme with replacement of me with I and translated to Macedonian. Compare Swedish jagjag.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈjasjas]
* Hyphenation: јас‧јас

### Noun

јасјас • (jasjas) m (plural јасјаси)
* (Internet slang, humorous) meme

#### Usage notes

* This word is mostly used on Reddit. Usually, the replacement is "мем".
# seminární
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɛmɪnaːrɲiː]

### Adjective

seminární
* seminar
* seminary

#### Related terms

* seminárka
* seminář

### Further reading

* “seminární”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “seminární”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
# middlewards
## English
### Etymology

middle +‎ -wards

### Adverb

middlewards (not comparable)
* Towards the middle.
# shuku
## Albanian
### Noun

shuku
* inflection of shuk:
** definite nominative singular
** indefinite dative/ablative singular

## Japanese
### Romanization

shuku
* Rōmaji transcription of しゅく

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Arabic شَكَّ (šakka).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-shuku (infinitive kushuku)
* to suspect
* to doubt, to worry

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -shuku :
| Positive present | -nashuku |
| Subjunctive | -shuku |
| Negative | -shuku |
| Imperative singular | shuku |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kushuku |
| Negative | kutoshuku |
Imperatives :
| Singular | shuku |
| Plural | shukuni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | hushuku |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -lishuku |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kushuku |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tashuku |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tashuku |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sishuku |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngeshuku |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singeshuku |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalishuku |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalishuku |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -meshuku |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshashuku |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -jashuku |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kishuku |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -siposhuku |
| Consecutive | kashuku / positive subject concord + -kashuku |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kashuku |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Related terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -shukia
** Causative: -shukisha
** Passive: -shukiwa
** Reciprocal: -shukiana
** Stative: -shukika
# იოტი
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [iotʼi]

### Noun

იოტი • (ioṭi) (plural იოტები)
* iota, jot

#### Declension

Declension of იოტი (see Georgian declension) :
| | singular | plural | archaic plural |
| nominative | იოტი (ioṭi) | იოტები (ioṭebi) | იოტნი (ioṭni) |
| ergative | იოტმა (ioṭma) | იოტებმა (ioṭebma) | იოტთ(ა) (ioṭt(a)) |
| dative | იოტს(ა) (ioṭs(a)) | იოტებს(ა) (ioṭebs(a)) | იოტთ(ა) (ioṭt(a)) |
| genitive | იოტის(ა) (ioṭis(a)) | იოტების(ა) (ioṭebis(a)) | იოტთ(ა) (ioṭt(a)) |
| instrumental | იოტით(ა) (ioṭit(a)) | იოტებით(ა) (ioṭebit(a)) | |
| adverbial | იოტად(ა) (ioṭad(a)) | იოტებად(ა) (ioṭebad(a)) | |
| vocative | იოტო (ioṭo) | იოტებო (ioṭebo) | იოტნო (ioṭno) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. ||||
Postpositional inflection of იოტი (see Georgian postpositions) :
| postpositions taking the dative case | singular | plural |
| -ზე (-ze, “on”) | იოტზე (ioṭze) | იოტებზე (ioṭebze) |
| -თან (-tan, “near”) | იოტთან (ioṭtan) | იოტებთან (ioṭebtan) |
| -ში (-ši, “in”) | იოტში (ioṭši) | იოტებში (ioṭebši) |
| -ვით (-vit, “like”) | იოტივით (ioṭivit) | იოტებივით (ioṭebivit) |
| postpositions taking the genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (-tvis, “for”) | იოტისთვის (ioṭistvis) | იოტებისთვის (ioṭebistvis) |
| -ებრ (-ebr, “like”) | იოტისებრ (ioṭisebr) | იოტებისებრ (ioṭebisebr) |
| -კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) | იოტისკენ (ioṭisḳen) | იოტებისკენ (ioṭebisḳen) |
| -გან (-gan, “from/of”) | იოტისგან (ioṭisgan) | იოტებისგან (ioṭebisgan) |
| -ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”) | იოტისადმი (ioṭisadmi) | იოტებისადმი (ioṭebisadmi) |
| postpositions taking the instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (-dan, “from/since”) | იოტიდან (ioṭidan) | იოტებიდან (ioṭebidan) |
| -ურთ (-urt, “together with”) | იოტითურთ (ioṭiturt) | იოტებითურთ (ioṭebiturt) |
| postpositions taking the adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (-mde, “up to”) | იოტამდე (ioṭamde) | იოტებამდე (ioṭebamde) |
# untreowlice
## Old English
### Etymology

From untrēow +‎ -līċe or un- +‎ trēowlīċe.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈunˌtre͜oːwˌliː.t͡ʃe/

### Adverb

untrēowlīċe
* in bad faith, perfidiously

### References

* Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “un-treówlíce”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
# Salemi
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian Salemi.

### Proper noun

Salemi (plural Salemis)
* A surname from Italian.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Salemi is the 19731st most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1365 individuals. Salemi is most common among White (91.87%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Salemi”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

### Anagrams

* Esmail, Lamies, Maisel, Misael, Sliema, e-mails, emails, mesail, mesial, samiel

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sicilian Salemi, probably from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”). Cfr. Hebrew שלום (shalóm). Doublet of Sallemi and Salemme

### Proper noun

Salemi f
* A town in the province of Trapani, Sicily, Italy

### Proper noun

Salemi m or f by sense
* a surname transferred from the place name

### Further reading

* Stefano Ravara, Mappa dei Cognomi, 2015–2025

### Anagrams

* malesi, Misale, mesali, semali, silema, smiela
# جعفری
## Persian
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [d͡ʒaʔ.fa.ˈɾiː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäʔ.fä.ɾíː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäʔ.fä.ɾíː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [d͡ʒɑː.fä.ɾíː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [d͡ʒɔː.fä.ɾí]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒæʔ.fæ.ɹíː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒæʔ.fæ.ɹíː]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [d͡ʒæː.fæ.ɹíː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [d͡ʒäʔ.fä.ɾí]

### Etymology 1

From a Caspian language, probably Mazanderani جفری (jaferi). Cognate with Transoxianan Persian obsolete ژافه (žâfa, “a kind of herb, saffron?”), dialectal زافه (zâfe, “a kind of Persian shallot”), and Sanskrit जवा (javā, “saffron, rose”). Related to زعفران (za'ferân, “saffron”).
It is a misspelling to match to Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib, the prophet’s companion, even though there is no correlation. See also گل لالب بوسی (gol-e lâ lab busi, “Mirabilis jalapa”) which most people recognize as گل لاله عباسی (gol-e lâle 'abbâsi, “the tulip of ʿAbbās”).

#### Noun

جعفری • (ja'fari)
* parsley
    جعفری دیدم که بر جعفر سوار جعفری می‌خورد و از جعفر گذشتja'fari didam ke bar ja'far savâr ja'fari mixord o az ja'far gozaštI saw a [man named] Ja'far riding on a camel he was eating parsley and crossed the stream

##### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: cəfəri

### Etymology 2

From جعفر (ja'far) +‎ ـی (-i, suffix forming adjectives).

#### Proper noun

جعفری • (ja'fari)
* a surname, Jafari