# -ad
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek -άς (-ás) (genitive -άδος (-ádos)): a suffix forming feminine nouns.

### Suffix

-ad
* a unit or set (especially of a specified number)
    chiliad, duodecad
* (medicine, anatomy) toward
    tibiad; ulnad

#### Related terms

* -adic

### Anagrams

* D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɒd]
* Rhymes: -ɒd

### Suffix

-ad
* (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular informal, single possession)
    ház (“house”) → a házad (“your house”)
* (fraction-forming suffix) -th. Added to a cardinal number to form a fraction.
    száz (“hundred”) → század (“hundredth”)
* (verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem to form a verb.
    olvad (“to melt”)
    ‎szak (“part”) + ‎-ad → ‎szakad (“to tear (clothing)”)
* (settlement suffix) Suffix in names of settlements.
    Sarkad, Várad

#### Usage notes

* (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
* (fraction-forming suffix) Variants:
    -d is added to words ending in a vowel
    -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -od is added to some other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ed is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öd is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
* (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -ad is added to back-vowel words
    -ed is added to front-vowel words
* (settlement suffix) Variants:
    -d is added to words ending in a vowel
    -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -od is added to some other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ed is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öd is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

#### See also

* Category:Hungarian noun forms
* Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Suffix

-ad
* (archaic, nonstandard) Used to form past participle form of many weak verbs

#### Alternative forms

* -a

## Old English
### Suffix

-ad
* Alternative form of -od

## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* -ed (slender form)
* -ud (often with A II verbs)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /að/

### Etymology 1

From the various thematic vowels of verb stems plus Proto-Celtic *-tus, i.e. from *-atus, *-ātus, *-etus, and *-ītus.

#### Suffix

-ad
* suffix forming verbal nouns

##### Descendants

* Irish: -adh
* Manx: -ey
* Scottish Gaelic: -adh

### Etymology 2

From the various thematic vowels of verb stems plus Proto-Celtic *-to, i.e. from *-ato, *-āto, *-eto, and *-īto.

#### Suffix

-ad
* suffix forming the third-person singular imperative form
* suffix forming the third-person singular imperfect indicative form
* suffix forming the third-person singular past subjunctive form
* suffix forming the third-person singular conditional form of reduplicated and ē-future stems
* suffix forming the singular passive conjunct preterite form of s-preterite stems

## Serbo-Croatian
### Suffix

-ad (Cyrillic spelling -ад)
* Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually a collective noun.

#### Derived terms

* Àrapčād
* burad
* ćebad
* drvljad
* jarad
* jȕnād
* Latinčad
* mȍmčād
* pȁstorčād
* pȁščād
* pȅrād
* pilad
* prȁsād
* ropčad
* sȉročād
* ùnučād
* varoščad
* ždrȅbād
* žȉvād

#### Related terms

* -čad

### Further reading

* Klajn, Ivan (2003), Tvorba reči u savremenom sprskom jeziku 2: Sufiksacija i Konverzija, Belgrade: SANU, page(s) 22

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Latin -āte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs).

### Suffix

-ad
* used to form the informal second-person plural imperative mood of -ar verbs
    ‎hablar (“to talk”) + ‎-ad → ‎¡Hablad! (“Talk!”)

## Swedish
### Suffix

-ad
* -ed, used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.
* suffix forming past participle

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* da, da.

## Welsh
### Alternative forms

* -iad

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ad/

### Etymology 1

Cognate with Cornish -as.

#### Suffix

-ad m (plural -adau)
* show the action of a verb or its result
    ‎dechrau (“to start, to begin”) + ‎-ad → ‎dechreuad (“start, beginning”)
    ‎teimlo (“to feel”) + ‎-ad → ‎teimlad (“feeling”)
    ‎dileu (“to delete, to erase”) + ‎-ad → ‎dilead (“deletion, erasure”)

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *-ad, from earlier *-atus, a late (British) variant of *-ātus, used to form verbal nouns from Celtic ā-stem verbs.

#### Suffix

-ad m (plural -aid)
* suffix indicating an agent noun: -er, -or
    ‎cadw (“to keep”) + ‎-ad → ‎ceidwad (“keeper”)
    ‎galw (“to call”) + ‎-ad → ‎geilwad (“caller”)
* person who comes from somewhere or is classed by something, -ian, -ist
    ‎Ewrop (“Europe”) + ‎-ad → ‎Ewropead (“European”)
    ‎Corea (“Korea”) + ‎-ad → ‎Coread (“Korean”)
    ‎Norwy (“Norway”) + ‎-ad → ‎Norwyad (“Norwegian”)

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from English -ate, altered in the same manner as basged (“basket”).

#### Suffix

-ad m (plural -adau)
* (chemistry) -ate, suffix denoting one of a group of related compounds - nitrad (“nitrate”), sylffad (“sulfate”).

##### Derived terms
### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Yapese
### Suffix

-ad
* Plural (3 or more) pronoun marker.