# machen
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈmaxɛn]

### Noun

machen f
* genitive plural of machna

## German
### Etymology

Inherited from Middle High German machen, from Old High German mahhōn, from Proto-West Germanic *makōn, from Proto-Indo-European *mag- (“to knead, mix, make”). Cognate with English make.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmaxən/, [ˈmäχən], [ˈmäχn̩], [ˈmäxɛn], [ˈmɑχən]
* Audio (Germany):(file)
* Audio (Berlin):(file)
* Audio (Vienna):(file)
* Rhymes: -axən

### Verb

machen (weak, third-person singular present macht, past tense machte, past participle gemacht, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive) to make, to produce, to create (an object, arrangement, situation, etc.)
    Synonyms: produzieren, herstellen
    Ich hab dir einen Kuchen gemacht! ― I made you a pie!
    Du hast einen Fehler gemacht. ― You made a mistake.
* (transitive) to make, prepare (food, drinks, etc.)
    Synonym: vorbereiten
    Machst du heute das Essen? ― Are you making dinner today?
    sich eine Pizza machen ― to prepare a pizza for oneself
* (transitive, informal) to do, perform, carry out (an action) (to execute; to put into operation)
    Synonym: tun
    Mach es! ― Do it!
    Das hat er ganz allein gemacht! ― He did that all by himself!
    ein Experiment machen ― to perform an experiment
* (transitive) to do (a noun); indicates an activity associated with a noun
    Sport machen ― do sports
    eine Party machen ― have a party
* (transitive) to go (a specified sound) (to make the sound)
    Das Auto machte "Bumm" und hielt an. ― The car went "boom" and stopped.
* (transitive) to make, to cause [with accusative ‘someone/something’ and infinitive ‘(to) do something’; or with dass (+ clause) ‘something (to) happen’]
    Sie hat mich lachen gemacht. ― She made me laugh.
    Deine Witze machen, dass ich lächle. ― Your jokes make me smile.
* (transitive) to cause [with dative ‘for/in someone’ and accusative abstract noun ‘fear, pain, difficulty, happiness, etc.’] (often translated idiomatically with English make followed by an adjective)
    Die Nacht macht mir Angst. ― Night makes me afraid. (literally, “The night causes fear in me.”)
* (transitive) to make (to cause to be) [with accusative ‘someone/something’ and adjective ‘to be in a given state’]
    Dieser Film macht mich schläfrig. ― This movie makes me sleepy.
* (transitive) to make (to transform) [with accusative ‘something’ and aus (+ dative) ‘from something else’] (often translated idiomatically with English turn (something into something else))
    Die Mühle macht Mehl aus Weizen. ― The mill turns wheat into flower. (literally, “The mill makes flour from wheat.”)
* (transitive) to make (to have as a feature) (often not translated literally)
    Die Straße macht vor uns eine Linkskurve. ― The road makes a turn to the left ahead.
* (transitive, informal, colloquial) to come to, to total, to cost (to require the payment of)
    Synonym: kosten
    Wie viel macht das? ― How much does that come to?
* (transitive, arithmetic) to make, to be (the result of a calculation)
    Sieben plus fünf macht zwölf. ― Seven plus five makes twelve.
* (transitive, informal, colloquial) to make (to earn, gain wages, profit, etc.)
    Synonyms: verdienen, einheimsen
    Der Herr Müller ist echt reich; der macht mehr als 5000 Euro im Monat.Mr Müller is quite rich; he makes more than 5000 Euros per month.
* (transitive) to be, to play (to act as the indicated role, especially in a performance)
* (transitive, colloquial) to signify, to mean [with nichts, viel, etc.] (translated idiomatically as English (not) matter)
    Das macht nichts! ― That doesn't matter! (literally, “That means nothing!”)
* (intransitive, informal) to make, to make oneself out to be, to act, to play (to behave so as to give an appearance of being; to act as if one were (something, or a certain way)) [with auf (+ accusative) ‘a role’]
    Jetzt macht er auf Elder Statesman. ― Now he's playing the elder statesman.
* (intransitive, informal, euphemistic) to do one's business, do number two or number one, go (to defecate or urinate)
    groß machen (childish) ― to go poop
    klein machen (childish) ― to go pee
* (reflexive) to do, to fare [(often) with adverb ‘well, badly, etc.’]
    Machen Sie sich gut? ― Are you doing well?
** 1909 [1901], Thomas Mann, chapter 2, in Buddenbrooks […] ‎, Berlin: Deutsche Buch-Gemeinschaft, →OCLC, part 8, page 433:»A propos, wie geht es dem Kinde?« / »Danke, Tom, es macht sich; […] «."How is the child?" / "Doing nicely, Tom. […] "
* (reflexive) to look (to have an appearance of being) [with adjective ‘a particular way’]
    Der Mantel macht sich sehr schön. ― The coat looks very nice.
* (dative reflexive, colloquial) to get cracking (on/with), to get a move on (it), to get down (to) [with an (+ accusative) ‘something’]
* (imperative) come on, let's go

#### Usage notes

* Unlike the English distinction between make and do, the verb machen (“make”) can be used as a synonym for tun (“do”) in most cases. However, tun cannot be used for the proper senses of machen.
* The verb machen can be combined with many different nouns to create various expressions. These can often be translated into English with make or take. For many of these expressions, a more specific verb is available and is usually preferred in formal or written language.
    Angaben machen ― to provide information
    eine Aufzeichnung machen ― to keep a record
    Ausflüchte machen ― to make excuses
    Bankrott/Pleite machen ― to go bankrupt
    eine Besorgung machen ― to run an errand
    ein Bett machen ― to make a bed
    Feierabend machen ― to call it a day
    Ferien machen ― to take a vacation, to go on holiday
    ein Feuer machen ― to light a fire
    ein Foto machen ― to take a picture
    Fortschritte machen ― to make headway
    Gewinn machen ― to turn a profit
    Kasse machen ― to cash in
    einen Krach machen ― to make a racket
    einen Kurs machen ― to take a course
    Notizen machen ― to take notes
    Platz machen ― to make room
    eine Reise machen ― to take a trip
    Schluss machen ― to call it quits
    Spaß machen ― to be fun
    Überstunden machen ― to do overtime
    Witze machen ― to joke

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

#### Derived terms

* abmachen
* anmachen
* aufmachen
* aus einer Mücke einen Elefanten machen
* ausmachen
* beimachen
* bekanntmachen
* draufmachen
* durchmachen
* einmachen
* fertigmachen
* freimachen
* heilmachen
* hermachen
* herummachen
* heruntermachen
* hinmachen
* kaputtmachen
* kleinmachen
* losmachen
* miesmachen
* mitmachen
* nachmachen
* niedermachen
* reinemachen
* rummachen
* saubermachen
* sich davonmachen
* sich fortmachen
* sich ranmachen
* Sinn machen
* übermachen
* Übung macht den Meister
* vermachen
* vormachen
* wegmachen
* weitermachen
* wiedergutmachen
* zumachen

### Further reading

* “machen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “machen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “machen” in Duden online
* “machen” in OpenThesaurus.de

## Middle English
### Verb

machen
* Alternative form of macchen

## Middle High German
### Etymology

Inherited from Old High German mahhōn, from Proto-West Germanic *makōn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (before 13th CE) /ˈmaxən/

### Verb

machen (class 2 weak, third-person singular present machet, past tense machete, past participle gemachet, auxiliary hān)
* to make
* to do

#### Descendants

* Alemannic German: mache
    Alsatian: màche (north), màcha (south)
    Swabian: macha
* Bavarian: macha
    Cimbrian: machan
    Mòcheno: mòchen
* Central Franconian: maache
** Hunsrik: mache
** Luxembourgish: maachen
* East Central German:
    Lusatian: machn
    Upper Saxon German: machn
    Vilamovian: maha
* German: machen
* Rhine Franconian: mache, machng (?)
** Pennsylvania German: mache
* Yiddish: מאַכן (makhn)

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmat͡ʃen/ [ˈma.t͡ʃẽn]
* Rhymes: -atʃen
* Syllabification: ma‧chen

### Verb

machen
* inflection of machar:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative