# druid
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally either “oak-knower” or “firm knower, great sage”), from either Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) or *drew- (“solid, firm, hard”) and *weyd- (“to see, to have knowledge”).
The earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɹuː.ɪd/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -uːɪd

### Noun

druid (plural druids)
* (historical) One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.
* (fantasy, roleplaying games) A priest or mage who uses magic based on nature or trees.

#### Usage notes

* Often capitalized: Druid.

#### Derived terms

* archdruid
* druidcraft
* druidess
* druidic
* druidish
* druidism
* Druidry
* neo-druid

#### Descendants

* → Chinese: 德魯伊 / 德鲁伊 (délǔyī)
* → Japanese: ドルイド
* → Korean: 드루이드 (deuru'ideu)
* → Maori: ruiti
* → Russian: друи́д (druíd)

#### Translations
## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ˠɾˠɪdʲ/
* (Aran) IPA: /d̪ˠɾˠɛdʲ/ (as if spelled droid)

#### Noun

druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna or druideacha)
* starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

##### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
druid
druideanna
vocative
a dhruid
a dhruideanna
genitive
druide
druideanna
dative
druid
druideanna
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an druid
na druideanna
genitive
na druide
na ndruideanna
dative
leis an druid don druid
leis na druideanna :

##### Alternative forms

* druideog, truid, truideog

##### Derived terms

* druid rósach (“rosy starling”)

#### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

### Etymology 2

From Middle Irish druitid (“to close, press (against), approach, move away from”), denominative from Middle Irish drut (“closing, pressing, approaching, leaving”). Possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ˠɾˠɪdʲ/
* (Aran) IPA: /ˈd̪ˠɞɾˠədʲ/ (as if spelled doraid)

#### Verb

druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte) (ambitransitive)
* (Ulster) close, shut
    Synonym: dún
* move relative to something [with le ‘close to, near’; or with ar ‘upon’; or with ó ‘away from’]

##### Conjugation

| verbal noun | druidim | druidim | druidim | druidim | druidim | druidim | druidim | druidim |
| past participle | druidte | druidte | druidte | druidte | druidte | druidte | druidte | druidte |
| tense | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| tense | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative |||||||||
| present | druidim | druideann tú; druidir$^†$ | druideann sé, sí | druidimid | druideann sibh | druideann siad; druidid$^†$ | a dhruideann; a dhruideas / a ndruideann* | druidtear |
| past | dhruid mé; dhruideas | dhruid tú; dhruidis | dhruid sé, sí | dhruideamar; dhruid muid | dhruid sibh; dhruideabhair | dhruid siad; dhruideadar | a dhruid / ar dhruid* | druideadh |
| past habitual | dhruidinn / ndruidinn‡‡ | dhruidteá / ndruidteá‡‡ | dhruideadh sé, sí / ndruideadh sé, sí‡‡ | dhruidimis; dhruideadh muid / ndruidimis‡‡; ndruideadh muid‡‡ | dhruideadh sibh / ndruideadh sibh‡‡ | dhruididís; dhruideadh siad / ndruididís‡‡; ndruideadh siad‡‡ | a dhruideadh / a ndruideadh* | dhruidtí / ndruidtí‡‡ |
| future | druidfidh mé; druidfead | druidfidh tú; druidfir$^†$ | druidfidh sé, sí | druidfimid; druidfidh muid | druidfidh sibh | druidfidh siad; druidfid$^†$ | a dhruidfidh; a dhruidfeas / a ndruidfidh* | druidfear |
| conditional | dhruidfinn / ndruidfinn‡‡ | dhruidfeá / ndruidfeá‡‡ | dhruidfeadh sé, sí / ndruidfeadh sé, sí‡‡ | dhruidfimis; dhruidfeadh muid / ndruidfimis‡‡; ndruidfeadh muid‡‡ | dhruidfeadh sibh / ndruidfeadh sibh‡‡ | dhruidfidís; dhruidfeadh siad / ndruidfidís‡‡; ndruidfeadh siad‡‡ | a dhruidfeadh / a ndruidfeadh* | dhruidfí / ndruidfí‡‡ |
| subjunctive |||||||||
| present | go ndruide mé; go ndruidead$^†$ | go ndruide tú; go ndruidir$^†$ | go ndruide sé, sí | go ndruidimid; go ndruide muid | go ndruide sibh | go ndruide siad; go ndruidid$^†$ | — | go ndruidtear |
| past | dá ndruidinn | dá ndruidteá | dá ndruideadh sé, sí | dá ndruidimis; dá ndruideadh muid | dá ndruideadh sibh | dá ndruididís; dá ndruideadh siad | — | dá ndruidtí |
| imperative |||||||||
| – | druidim | druid | druideadh sé, sí | druidimis | druidigí; druididh$^†$ | druididís | — | druidtear |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

##### Alternative forms

* (Connacht) doirt

#### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “druidim”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d̪ˠɾˠɪdʲ/

#### Noun

druid m
* genitive singular of drud

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* 1 2 Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 70
* ↑ Vendryes, Joseph (1996) “druitid”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume D, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page D-205

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdru.ɨðʲ]

### Noun

druïd
* inflection of druí:
** accusative/dative singular
** nominative/vocative/accusative dual
** nominative plural

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

## Polish
### Etymology

From Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdru.it/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -uit
* Syllabification: dru‧id

### Noun

druid m pers (female equivalent druidka)
* druid

#### Declension
### Further reading

* druid in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* druid in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French druide, from Latin Druidae.

### Noun

druid m (plural druizi)
* druid

#### Declension
## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology 1

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdos (“thrush”).

#### Noun

druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)
* starling

### Etymology 2

From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

#### Verb

druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)
* shut closely
* (Barra) shut, close (in general)
    Synonym: dùin
* cover
* enclose, surround
* advance, come up
* join
* hasten
* step toward
* approach, draw near

##### Alternative forms

* truid

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Edward Dwelly (1911) “druid”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Swedish
### Noun

druid c
* a druid

#### Declension
### References

* druid in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* druid in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* druid in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)