# sulcus
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sulcus (“a furrow made by a plow”). Doublet of sullow ("plough").

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsʌl.kəs/
* Rhymes: -ʌlkəs
* Hyphenation: sul‧cus

### Noun

sulcus (plural sulci)
* (anatomy) A furrow or groove in an organ or a tissue, especially that marking the convolutions of the surface of the brain.
    Hyponyms: central sulcus, cruciate sulcus, lateral sulcus
    Coordinate terms: (elevation) gyrus; (depression) fossa, fovea, fissure, cleft, lacuna, vallecula
    The sulci and gyri are the grooves and ridges, respectively.
** 1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 186:The Union’s soft latex-polymer roof is cerebrally domed and a cloudy piamater pink except in spots where it’s eroded down to pasty gray, and everywhere textured, the bulging rooftop, with sulci and bulbous convolutions.
** 1999, Thomas C. Pritchard, Kevin D. Alloway, Medical Neuroscience‎, page 55:The largest sulcus, the longitudinal fissure, divides the brain into left and right hemispheres.
** 2006, Inderbir Singh, Textbook of Human Neuroanatomy‎, 7th edition, page 72:Unlike most other sulci, the lateral sulcus is very deep.
** 2014, John Kiernan, Raj Rajakumar, Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint‎, 10th edition, page 213:The large surface area of the human cerebral cortex results in a pattern of gyri and sulci.
* (planetology) A region of subparallel grooves or ditches formed by a geological process.

#### Derived terms

* gluteal sulcus
* hemisulcus
* hyposulcus
* intermammary sulcus
* pseudosulcus
* sulcal
* sulcate
* sulciform
* sulcus cutis

#### Translations
### References

* “sulcus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “sulcus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

## Latin
### Etymology

From Proto-Italic *solkos, from Proto-Indo-European *solk-o-s (“furrow”), *selk- (“to pull, drag”), whence also Old English sulh. Doublet of holcus.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsul.kus/, [ˈs̠ʊɫ̪kʊs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsul.kus/, [ˈsulkus]

### Noun

sulcus m (genitive sulcī); second declension
* (agriculture) A furrow made by a plow.
    Synonym: fossa
* (transferred sense):
** (agriculture) Ploughing.
** (of things resembling a furrow)
*** A long, narrow trench; a ditch.
*** (in general) A rut or track.

#### Inflection

Second-declension noun.

#### Derived terms

* bisulcus
* sulcus primigenius

#### Descendants

* Catalan: solc
* → English: sulcus
* Friulian: solç
* Galician: suco
* Italian: solco
* Neapolitan: surco
* Piedmontese: sorch
* Portuguese: suco
* → Portuguese: sulco
* → Romanian: sulc
* Sardinian: surcu
* Sicilian: surcu
* → Spanish: sulco, surco
* Venetan: solco, solç, solzh

### References

* “sulcus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “sulcus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "sulcus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* sulcus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN