# wale
## English
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* IPA: /ˈweɪl/, [ˈweɪɫ]
* Rhymes: -eɪl
* Homophones: wail; whale (wine–whine merger)

### Etymology 1

The noun is from Middle English wāle (“planking, welt”), from Old English walu (“ridge, bank; rib, comb (of helmet); metal ridge on top of helmet; weal, mark of a blow”), from Proto-Germanic *waluz (“stick, root”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Akin to Low German wāle; Old Norse vala (“knuckle”). The verb is from late Middle English wālen, from the noun.

#### Noun

wale (plural wales)
* A ridge or low barrier.
* A raised rib in knitted goods or fabric, especially corduroy.
    Coordinate term: course
** 1979, Kax Wilson, A History of Textiles, Westview Press, →ISBN, pages 66-67:Most twills are continuous—the wale goes from one corner to the one diagonally opposite. Pattern, however, can be achieved by periodically changing the direction of the wales.
** 2008, Mary Lisa Gavenas, The Fairchild Encyclopedia of Menswear, page 99:The fabric may be further described according to the number of wales per inch: Corduroy known as fine wale, pin-wale, or needle wale has very thin wales (usually twelve or more per inch, i.e., the width of a pin), while wide wale corduroy has thicker wales (usually six or fewer per inch).
* The texture of a piece of fabric.
** 1892, “Family Fashions and Fancies”, in Good Housekeeping, volume 14, page 85:Crepon cloths, with their heavy crape-like wale, are a noteworthy part of the season's importations.
* (nautical) A horizontal ridge or ledge on the outside planking of a wooden ship. (See gunwale, chainwale)
** 1863, Andrew Murray, Ship-building in Iron and Wood, page 93:The strakes between the several ranges of ports, beginning from under the upper-deck ports of a three-decked ship in the royal navy, are called the channel wale, the middle wale, and the main wale.
* A horizontal timber used for supporting or retaining earth.
** 1889 February 23, Architecture and Building: A Journal of Investment and Construction, volume 10, page 63:A few feet below the first wale another timber is inserted, likewise secured by struts.
* A timber bolted to a row of piles to secure them together and in position.
** 1754, Thomas Gardner, An Historical Account of Dunwich […] :Except Plank upon the Head of the Key, and under the upper Wale, and Plank to join the piles.
* A ridge on the outside of a horse collar.
** 1976, Ralph Whitlock, Gentle giants: the past, present and future of the heavy horse, page 133:The wale is shaped to the size of the horse's neck, and then sewn together, with a flap, known as the 'barge', left free along one side. To this 'barge' the body of the collar is sewn.
* A ridge or streak produced on skin by a cane or whip.
** c. 1600, John Ayliffe, Satires:Shall then that foule infamous Cyneds hide Laugh at the purple wales of others side?
** 1854, S. W. Koelle, African Native Literature, Or Proverbs, Tales, Fables and Historical in the Kanuri Or Bornu Language:When the rat had looked at the toad's whole body, and not seen any wale of a stick, he said to the toad, "Brother toad, I have looked at thy whole body, and not seen any wale of a stick: thou art right."
** 2018, Seabury Quinn, The Dark Angel: The Complete Tales of Jules de Grandin, Volume Three:I ran to her, and when I reached her I saw across the white skin of her shoulders the distinct wale of a whip.

##### Related terms

* waling

##### Translations
#### Verb

wale (third-person singular simple present wales, present participle waling, simple past and past participle waled)
* To strike the skin in such a way as to produce a wale or welt.
** 1832, Owen Felltham, Resolves, Divine, Moral, Political:Would suffer his lazy rider to bestride his patie: back, with his hands and whip to wale his flesh, and with his heels to dig into his hungry bowels?
* To beat a person, especially as punishment or out of anger.
** 2002, Hal Rothman, Neon Metropolis: How Las Vegas Started the Twenty-First Century:When faced with an adulthood that offered few options, grinding poverty and marriage to a man who drank too much and came home to wale on his own family or...no beatings.
* To give a surface a texture of wales or welts.

##### Translations
#### See also

* wale on
* whale
* weal
* wheal

### Etymology 2

From Middle English wale, wal, from Old Norse val (“choice”), from Proto-Germanic *walą, *walō (“desire, choice”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, want”). Akin to Old Norse velja (“to choose”), Old High German wala "choice" (German Wahl "choice"), Old English willan (“to want”). More at will.

#### Noun

wale (plural wales)
* (Scotland, Northern England) Something selected as being the best, preference; choice.

#### Verb

wale (third-person singular simple present wales, present participle waling, simple past and past participle waled)
* (Scotland, Northern England) To choose, select.

##### Alternative forms

* wail (obsolete)

### References

* ↑ Edward H[enry] Knight (1877) “Wale”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes III (REA–ZYM), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC.
* “wale”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “wale”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* alew, e-law, lawe, weal

## Afar
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /waˈle/ [wʌˈlɛ]
* Hyphenation: wa‧le

### Noun

walé f
* possibility

#### References

* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 75

## Fulniô
### Noun

wale
* pig

### References

* 2009 (originally 1968), Douglas Meland, Doris Meland, Fulniô (Yahthe) Syntax Structure: Preliminary Version, Associação Internacional de Linguística - SIL Brasil, page 19.

## Hawaiian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwa.le/, [ˈʋɐ.le]

### Noun

wale
* phlegm
* saliva

### Particle

wale
* Used to modify the preceding word only, just, alone; quite, very; simply, for free, without reason

### References

* Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “wale”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press

## Middle Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwaːlə/

### Adverb

wāle
* Alternative form of wel

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English wealh. For the phonological development, compare hale.

#### Alternative forms

* wælh

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwaːl(ə)/

#### Noun

wale
* (rare) An outsider; a guest; one from an unfamiliar land.
* (rare) A thrall; a hireling.

##### Related terms

* Wales
* Walsch
* walmore
* walnot
* walwort

##### References

* “wāle, n.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-10.

### Etymology 2

From Old English walu, from Proto-West Germanic *walu, from Proto-Germanic *waluz.

#### Alternative forms

* walle, wala

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwaːl(ə)/

#### Noun

wale (plural wales)
* A wooden board used for creating the exterior of a vessel; planking.
* (rare) A welt; an injury created by use of a whip or a similar weapon.
* (rare) A lesion; a boil.

##### Descendants

* English: wale, weal
* Scots: wale, wail

##### References

* “wāle, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-10.

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Old Norse *valu, earlier form of vǫl, variant of val, from Proto-Germanic *walą.

#### Alternative forms

* wal, wall, wayle

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈwaːl(ə)/

#### Noun

wale
* A selection or possibility; a decision.
* (rare) A preference; something chosen due to its quality.

##### Related terms

* walen

##### Descendants

* English: wale
* Scots: wale, Scots: wail

##### References

* “wāle, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-10.

#### Adjective

wale
* amazing, of great quality or talent.
* pleasing, nice, enjoyable, benevolent
* strong, firm, strengthy
* (negatively) impactful, grievous, melancholy
* (rare) decided, resolved, picked.

##### References

* “wāle, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-10.

### Etymology 4
#### Noun

wale
* Alternative form of vale

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

wale
* Alternative form of wal

### Etymology 6
#### Verb

wale
* Alternative form of walen

### Etymology 7
#### Noun

wale
* Alternative form of whal

## North Frisian
### Alternative forms

* wel (Föhr-Amrum, Sylt)

### Etymology

From Old Frisian willa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈvalə/

### Verb

wale
* (Mooring) to want

#### Conjugation
## Old English
### Noun

wale
* inflection of walu:
** accusative/genitive/dative singular
** nominative/accusative plural

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈva.lɛ/
* (Lesser Poland):
** (Przemyśl) IPA: [ˈva.lʲɛ]
* Rhymes: -alɛ
* Syllabification: wa‧le
* Homophone: walę

### Etymology 1

From wał +‎ -e.

#### Noun

wale nvir pl
* (Przemyśl, construction) straw rope dipped in clay used in the construction of chimneys

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

wale m inan or m animal
* locative/vocative singular of wał

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

wale m animal
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of wal

### Further reading

* Aleksander Saloni (1899) “wale”, in “Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska”, in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors, Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny (in Polish), volume 13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page 246)

## Pukapukan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *fale, from Proto-Central Pacific *vale, from Proto-Oceanic *pale, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay.

### Noun

wale
* house
    Nō mātou te wale nei.This is our house.
* home
    Ka wano au ki wale kaikai.I'll go home and eat.
* building

#### Derived terms

* waleimu (“cookhouse, kitchen”)
* walepule (“church”)
* walemaki (“hospital”)
* wale āuli (“jail, prison”)

### Further reading

* Te Pukamuna | Pukapuka Dictionary

## Scots
### Etymology

From Middle English wal, wale, from Old Norse val (“choice”), from Proto-Germanic *walą, *walō (“desire, choice”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”).
Akin to Old Norse velja (“to choose”), Old High German wala (“choice”) (German wählen (“to choose”)), Old English willan (“to want”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /wel/

### Noun

wale (plural wales)
* choice, selection

### Verb

wale (third-person singular simple present wales, present participle walin, simple past waled, past participle waled)
* to choose

## Swahili
### Adjective

wale
* wa class$_{(II)}$ inflected form of -le

### Verb

wale
* third-person plural subjunctive of -la

## Ternate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈwa.le]

### Verb

wale
* (intransitive) to swing ones arms

#### Conjugation
### References

* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh