OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# formatif
## French
### Etymology

From Old French formatif, formative, from Medieval Latin formātīvus, from Latin fōrmātus + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘doing’ or ‘related to doing’). Fōrmātus is the perfect passive participle of fōrmō (“to form, to shape”); further etymology uncertain, possibly related to Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “a form, shape”) (see further at that entry). By surface analysis, former +‎ -atif.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔʁ.ma.tif/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

formatif (feminine formative, masculine plural formatifs, feminine plural formatives)
* formative

### Further reading

* “formatif”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch formatief, from Middle French formatif.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɔr.ˈma.tɪf/
* Rhymes: -tɪf, -ɪf, -f
* Hyphenation: for‧ma‧tif

### Adjective

formatif
* formative:
** Of or pertaining to the formation and subsequent growth of something; Capable of forming something.
** (grammar) Pertaining to the inflection of words.
** (education) Denoting forms of assessment used to guide learning rather than to quantify educational outcomes.
    Antonym: sumatif

### Noun

formatif (plural formatif-formatif)
* (grammar) formative: A language unit that has morphological function.

### References

* ↑ Nicoline van der Sijs (2010) Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎, Den Haag: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “formatif” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# პოლიტიკა
## Georgian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian политика (politika).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʼolitʼikʼa]

### Noun

პოლიტიკა • (ṗoliṭiḳa) (uncountable)
* politics
* policy

#### Declension

Declension of პოლიტიკა (see Georgian declension) :
| | singular |
| nominative | პოლიტიკა (ṗoliṭiḳa) |
| ergative | პოლიტიკამ (ṗoliṭiḳam) |
| dative | პოლიტიკას(ა) (ṗoliṭiḳas(a)) |
| genitive | პოლიტიკის(ა) (ṗoliṭiḳis(a)) |
| instrumental | პოლიტიკით(ა) (ṗoliṭiḳit(a)) |
| adverbial | პოლიტიკად(ა) (ṗoliṭiḳad(a)) |
| vocative | პოლიტიკავ (ṗoliṭiḳav) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. ||||
Postpositional inflection of პოლიტიკა (see Georgian postpositions) :
| postpositions taking the dative case | singular | plural |
| -ზე (-ze, “on”) | პოლიტიკაზე (ṗoliṭiḳaze) | |
| -თან (-tan, “near”) | პოლიტიკასთან (ṗoliṭiḳastan) | |
| -ში (-ši, “in”) | პოლიტიკაში (ṗoliṭiḳaši) | |
| -ვით (-vit, “like”) | პოლიტიკასავით (ṗoliṭiḳasavit) | |
| postpositions taking the genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (-tvis, “for”) | პოლიტიკისთვის (ṗoliṭiḳistvis) | |
| -ებრ (-ebr, “like”) | პოლიტიკისებრ (ṗoliṭiḳisebr) | |
| -კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) | პოლიტიკისკენ (ṗoliṭiḳisḳen) | |
| -გან (-gan, “from/of”) | პოლიტიკისგან (ṗoliṭiḳisgan) | |
| -ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”) | პოლიტიკისადმი (ṗoliṭiḳisadmi) | |
| postpositions taking the instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (-dan, “from/since”) | პოლიტიკიდან (ṗoliṭiḳidan) | |
| -ურთ (-urt, “together with”) | პოლიტიკითურთ (ṗoliṭiḳiturt) | |
| postpositions taking the adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (-mde, “up to”) | პოლიტიკამდე (ṗoliṭiḳamde) | |

#### Derived terms

* პოლიტიკოსი (ṗoliṭiḳosi)
* პოლიტიკური (ṗoliṭiḳuri)
* საგარეო პოლიტიკა (sagareo ṗoliṭiḳa)
* საშინაო პოლიტიკა (sašinao ṗoliṭiḳa)
* უსაფრთხოების პოლიტიკა (usaprtxoebis ṗoliṭiḳa)
# zedoary
## English
### Etymology

From Medieval Latin zedoārium, from Arabic جَدْوَار (jadwār), from Classical Persian ژدوار (žadwār).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈzɛdəʊəɹi/, /ˈzɛdəʊˌɛɹi/

### Noun

zedoary (countable and uncountable, plural zedoaries)
* Curcuma zedoaria, a perennial herb native to India and Indonesia.
    Synonyms: white turmeric, kentjur

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* zero day, zero-day
# geodetic
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌd͡ʒiː.əˈdɛt.ɪk/
* Rhymes: -ɛtɪk
* Hyphenation: ge‧o‧det‧ic

### Adjective

geodetic (not comparable)
* Of or relating to geodesy; geodesic.

#### Derived terms

* astrogeodetic
* geodetically
* geodetic effect
# mjeshtër
## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* mjeshtrë (historical)

### Etymology

From Old Albanian mjeshtrë (Buzuku, Matrënga), an early borrowing from Italian maestro (“teacher, master”) (*mai̯estro > *mëjés'trë > mjéshtrë), from Latin magister (“teacher, master”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈmjɛʃtəɾ/

### Noun

mjéshtër m (plural mjeshtër, definite mjeshtri, definite plural mjeshtërit)
* master, professional
* craftsman
* mason

#### Synonyms

* zejtar, usta, murator

#### Derived terms

* mjeshtëri, mjeshtërisht, mjeshtëroj, mjeshtërok
* mjeshtëror

### References

* ↑ Matzinger, Joachim (2006) Der Altalbanische Text Mbsuame e Krështerë (Dottrina Cristiana) des Lekë Matrënga von 1592, Dettelbach: J. H. Röll, page 165

### Further reading

* “mjeshtër”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “mjeshtër”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
# gæk
## Danish
### Etymology 1

From an old expression 'gøre gæk af' or 'gøre for gæk' (“to mock, riducule”). The word is from Middle Low German geck. Compare German Geck.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡɛɡ]

#### Noun

gæk
* (obsolete) a fool, an idiot
** 1846, Danske Kjæmpeviser, ældre og nyere:Ja det er en Gæk, som søger Kierlighed, hvor ingen er ...Yes, he is a fool that seeks love where none exists ...
** 1820, B. S. Ingemann, Kunstberiderfamilien:Falkenberg, også du er en gæk, som jeg, men du er det til gavns – derfor agter jeg dig.Falkenberg, you too are a fool, as I, but you are so thoroughly - therefore I esteem you.
* (rare) snowdrop (Galanthus)
    Synonym: vintergæk

### Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic

#### Interjection

gæk
* Used to indicate the sounds of geese; a honk.

### See also

* gække

### References

* “gæk” in Den Danske Ordbog
# პოპულარობა
## Georgian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʼopʼuɫaɾoba]

### Noun

პოპულარობა • (ṗoṗularoba) (uncountable)
* popularity

#### Declension

Declension of პოპულარობა (see Georgian declension) :
| | singular |
| nominative | პოპულარობა (ṗoṗularoba) |
| ergative | პოპულარობამ (ṗoṗularobam) |
| dative | პოპულარობას(ა) (ṗoṗularobas(a)) |
| genitive | პოპულარობის(ა) (ṗoṗularobis(a)) |
| instrumental | პოპულარობით(ა) (ṗoṗularobit(a)) |
| adverbial | პოპულარობად(ა) (ṗoṗularobad(a)) |
| vocative | პოპულარობავ (ṗoṗularobav) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. ||||
Postpositional inflection of პოპულარობა (see Georgian postpositions) :
| postpositions taking the dative case | singular | plural |
| -ზე (-ze, “on”) | პოპულარობაზე (ṗoṗularobaze) | |
| -თან (-tan, “near”) | პოპულარობასთან (ṗoṗularobastan) | |
| -ში (-ši, “in”) | პოპულარობაში (ṗoṗularobaši) | |
| -ვით (-vit, “like”) | პოპულარობასავით (ṗoṗularobasavit) | |
| postpositions taking the genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (-tvis, “for”) | პოპულარობისთვის (ṗoṗularobistvis) | |
| -ებრ (-ebr, “like”) | პოპულარობისებრ (ṗoṗularobisebr) | |
| -კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) | პოპულარობისკენ (ṗoṗularobisḳen) | |
| -გან (-gan, “from/of”) | პოპულარობისგან (ṗoṗularobisgan) | |
| -ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”) | პოპულარობისადმი (ṗoṗularobisadmi) | |
| postpositions taking the instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (-dan, “from/since”) | პოპულარობიდან (ṗoṗularobidan) | |
| -ურთ (-urt, “together with”) | პოპულარობითურთ (ṗoṗularobiturt) | |
| postpositions taking the adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (-mde, “up to”) | პოპულარობამდე (ṗoṗularobamde) | |
# nutriturus
## Latin
### Etymology

Future active participle of nūtriō

### Participle

nūtrītūrus (feminine nūtrītūra, neuter nūtrītūrum); first/second-declension participle
* about to suckle, breastfeed, nurse
* about to feed

#### Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

#### Descendants

From the feminine singular:
* Italian: nutritura
* Old French: norriture
** French: nourriture
** → Middle English: norture
*** English: nurture
# abandonee
## English
### Etymology

From abandon +‎ -ee.

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /əˈbæn.dəˌni/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: a‧ban‧do‧nee

### Noun

abandonee (plural abandonees)
* (law) One to whom something is abandoned. [Mid 19th century.]
** 1842, Sir James Allan PARK, A System of the Law of Marine Insurances ... The second edition, page 397:But this argument is built upon an assumption that an abandonment of freight convey to the abandonee a right to the freight, in preference to the right of the abandonee, of the ship, which is assuming the whole question.
** 1924, Sir Joseph Arnould, Arnould on the Law of Marine Insurance and Average, page 1560:Does abandonee of goods take subject to shipowner's claim for freight?
** 1955, Houghton v. Collins, 344 MICH 175 (1955): Brief of the Appellant, Luther Coleman, page 20:Obviously such things must have human attention and if the legal owner abandons them some other person, the would be abandonee, may, relying on evidence of abandonment move in and halt or reverse this sure trend toward nature, and this moving in and halting such a trend toward nature is the act that vests that person with a claim against the property. Now this evidence of abandonment is very important, without it the would-be abandonee is not justified in moving in and halting the trend toward nature. This evidence may be something that the abandonee perceives about the actions of the abandoner or some fact about the condition of the property itself to indicate abandonment.

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abandonee”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 2.
# tisíciletí
## Czech
### Etymology

From tisíc +‎ léto +‎ -í.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈcɪsiːt͡sɪlɛciː]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

tisíciletí n
* millennium

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “tisíciletí”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “tisíciletí”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “tisíciletí”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
# risky
## English
### Etymology

From risk +‎ -y.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɹɪski/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪski

### Adjective

risky (comparative riskier, superlative riskiest)
* Dangerous, involving risks.
    Investing in this start-up company could be risky.
* Misspelling of risqué.
** 2012, Marlize Schmidt, That Awkward Moment..., Lulu Press, Inc, →ISBN:That awkward moment when someone doesn't reply to your risky text message.
** 1889, Charles Leonard Moore, Banquet of Palacios: A Comedy, page 157:Have you no risky songs , no indecent ballads?
** 2020, B. Barrett-Lennard, Mind Control Through the Mass Media: Transmission of the Politics of Inequality, B. Barrett-Lennard, →ISBN:Ronald Frankau (pronounced Franco) wrote a few risky songs, such as FANNY'S BEEN EVACUATED NOW with the line “and for half a pound of butter, well a lady's got to eat” ~ he got banned for it.

#### Synonyms

* hazardous, dangerous, perilous

#### Antonyms

* riskless, safe, secure

#### Related terms

* risk
* riskily
* riskiness
* risqué

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* yirks, sirky
# shrowds
## English
### Verb

shrowds
* plural of shrowd
# himlafadern
## Swedish
### Proper noun

himlafadern
* definite singular of himlafader / himlafar
# პოტენცია
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Latin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʼotʼent͡sʰia]

### Noun

პოტენცია • (ṗoṭencia) (plural პოტენციები)
* potential

#### Declension

Declension of პოტენცია (see Georgian declension) :
| | singular | plural | archaic plural |
| nominative | პოტენცია (ṗoṭencia) | პოტენციები (ṗoṭenciebi) | პოტენციანი (ṗoṭenciani) |
| ergative | პოტენციამ (ṗoṭenciam) | პოტენციებმა (ṗoṭenciebma) | პოტენციათ(ა) (ṗoṭenciat(a)) |
| dative | პოტენციას(ა) (ṗoṭencias(a)) | პოტენციებს(ა) (ṗoṭenciebs(a)) | პოტენციათ(ა) (ṗoṭenciat(a)) |
| genitive | პოტენციის(ა) (ṗoṭenciis(a)) | პოტენციების(ა) (ṗoṭenciebis(a)) | პოტენციათ(ა) (ṗoṭenciat(a)) |
| instrumental | პოტენციით(ა) (ṗoṭenciit(a)) | პოტენციებით(ა) (ṗoṭenciebit(a)) | |
| adverbial | პოტენციად(ა) (ṗoṭenciad(a)) | პოტენციებად(ა) (ṗoṭenciebad(a)) | |
| vocative | პოტენციავ (ṗoṭenciav) | პოტენციებო (ṗoṭenciebo) | პოტენციანო (ṗoṭenciano) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. ||||
Postpositional inflection of პოტენცია (see Georgian postpositions) :
| postpositions taking the dative case | singular | plural |
| -ზე (-ze, “on”) | პოტენციაზე (ṗoṭenciaze) | პოტენციებზე (ṗoṭenciebze) |
| -თან (-tan, “near”) | პოტენციასთან (ṗoṭenciastan) | პოტენციებთან (ṗoṭenciebtan) |
| -ში (-ši, “in”) | პოტენციაში (ṗoṭenciaši) | პოტენციებში (ṗoṭenciebši) |
| -ვით (-vit, “like”) | პოტენციასავით (ṗoṭenciasavit) | პოტენციებივით (ṗoṭenciebivit) |
| postpositions taking the genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (-tvis, “for”) | პოტენციისთვის (ṗoṭenciistvis) | პოტენციებისთვის (ṗoṭenciebistvis) |
| -ებრ (-ebr, “like”) | პოტენციისებრ (ṗoṭenciisebr) | პოტენციებისებრ (ṗoṭenciebisebr) |
| -კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) | პოტენციისკენ (ṗoṭenciisḳen) | პოტენციებისკენ (ṗoṭenciebisḳen) |
| -გან (-gan, “from/of”) | პოტენციისგან (ṗoṭenciisgan) | პოტენციებისგან (ṗoṭenciebisgan) |
| -ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”) | პოტენციისადმი (ṗoṭenciisadmi) | პოტენციებისადმი (ṗoṭenciebisadmi) |
| postpositions taking the instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (-dan, “from/since”) | პოტენციიდან (ṗoṭenciidan) | პოტენციებიდან (ṗoṭenciebidan) |
| -ურთ (-urt, “together with”) | პოტენციითურთ (ṗoṭenciiturt) | პოტენციებითურთ (ṗoṭenciebiturt) |
| postpositions taking the adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (-mde, “up to”) | პოტენციამდე (ṗoṭenciamde) | პოტენციებამდე (ṗoṭenciebamde) |
# geodynamics
## English
### Etymology

From geo- +‎ dynamics.

### Noun

geodynamics (uncountable)
* the branch of geophysics that studies the deformation processes of planetary mantle and crust, and the resulting earthquakes and volcanism

#### Derived terms

* biogeodynamics
* telegeodynamics
# ὄρυξ
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

A back-formation related to ὀρύσσω (orússō, “I dig, scrape”).
The sense of oryx is likely a substrate loanword accreted by folk-etymological analogy with the animal's pointed horns.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ó.ryks/ → /ˈo.ryks/ → /ˈo.riks/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ó.ryks/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈo.ryks/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈo.ryks/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈo.ryks/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈo.riks/

### Noun

ὄρυξ • (órux) m (genitive ὄρῠγος); third declension
* a pickaxe or other sharp iron digging tool
* an oryx
* a kind of whale, perhaps a narwhal

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὀρύσσω (> DER > 1. back-formation ὄρυξ, -υγος)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1113

### Further reading

* “ὄρυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ὄρυξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ὄρυξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ὄρυξ, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
# ガリア
## Japanese
### Alternative forms

* (archaic) 髙盧(ゴウル) (gōru)
* (nonstandard) ガッリア (garria)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin Gallia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɡa̠ɾʲia̠]

### Proper noun

ガリア • (Garia)
* (history) Gaul (region)
# himlafaders
## Swedish
### Proper noun

himlafaders
* indefinite genitive singular of himlafader
# პრეისტორია
## Georgian
### Etymology

From Latin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [pʼɾeistʼoɾia]

### Noun

პრეისტორია • (ṗreisṭoria) (uncountable)
* prehistory

#### Declension

Declension of პრეისტორია (see Georgian declension) :
| | singular |
| nominative | პრეისტორია (ṗreisṭoria) |
| ergative | პრეისტორიამ (ṗreisṭoriam) |
| dative | პრეისტორიას(ა) (ṗreisṭorias(a)) |
| genitive | პრეისტორიის(ა) (ṗreisṭoriis(a)) |
| instrumental | პრეისტორიით(ა) (ṗreisṭoriit(a)) |
| adverbial | პრეისტორიად(ა) (ṗreisṭoriad(a)) |
| vocative | პრეისტორიავ (ṗreisṭoriav) |
| Notes: archaic plurals might not exist. ||||
Postpositional inflection of პრეისტორია (see Georgian postpositions) :
| postpositions taking the dative case | singular | plural |
| -ზე (-ze, “on”) | პრეისტორიაზე (ṗreisṭoriaze) | |
| -თან (-tan, “near”) | პრეისტორიასთან (ṗreisṭoriastan) | |
| -ში (-ši, “in”) | პრეისტორიაში (ṗreisṭoriaši) | |
| -ვით (-vit, “like”) | პრეისტორიასავით (ṗreisṭoriasavit) | |
| postpositions taking the genitive case | singular | plural |
| -თვის (-tvis, “for”) | პრეისტორიისთვის (ṗreisṭoriistvis) | |
| -ებრ (-ebr, “like”) | პრეისტორიისებრ (ṗreisṭoriisebr) | |
| -კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) | პრეისტორიისკენ (ṗreisṭoriisḳen) | |
| -გან (-gan, “from/of”) | პრეისტორიისგან (ṗreisṭoriisgan) | |
| -ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”) | პრეისტორიისადმი (ṗreisṭoriisadmi) | |
| postpositions taking the instrumental case | singular | plural |
| -დან (-dan, “from/since”) | პრეისტორიიდან (ṗreisṭoriidan) | |
| -ურთ (-urt, “together with”) | პრეისტორიითურთ (ṗreisṭoriiturt) | |
| postpositions taking the adverbial case | singular | plural |
| -მდე (-mde, “up to”) | პრეისტორიამდე (ṗreisṭoriamde) | |
# house party
## English
### Noun

house party (plural house parties)
* A social gathering at someone's house, generally with music, drinking etc. [from 20th c.]
* (now rare) The guests staying at a given house, as opposed to those visiting for the day. [from 19th c.]
** 1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter XVII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 288:The house-party consisted of twelve people, and there were more expected to arrive on the next day.
** 1945, Nancy Mitford, The Pursuit of Love, Penguin, published 2010, page 39:The difference between Aunt Sadie and Uncle Matthew was not as to whether Lord Merlin should or should not be asked to the ball […] , but whether he should be asked to bring a house party.
# geoenvironmental
## English
### Etymology

From geo- +‎ environmental.

### Adjective

geoenvironmental (not comparable)
* Relating to a geoenvironment

#### Derived terms

* biogeoenvironmental
* geoenvironmentally
# trifásico
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From tri- +‎ fase (“phase”) +‎ -ico.

### Adjective

trifásico (feminine trifásica, masculine plural trifásicos, feminine plural trifásicas)
* three-phase

### Further reading

* “trifásico”, in Dicio – Dicionário Online de Português (in Portuguese), Porto: 7Graus, 2009–2025
* “trifásico”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

## Spanish
### Etymology

From tri- +‎ fase (“phase”) +‎ -ico.

### Adjective

trifásico (feminine trifásica, masculine plural trifásicos, feminine plural trifásicas)
* three-phase

### Further reading

* “trifásico”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# éscae
## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* aesca, æscae, ésca, æscæ, éisce

### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *eiskyom.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeːske/, [ˈeːskɘ]

### Noun

éscae n (genitive éscai)
* moon
    Synonym: ré
* lunar month
    Synonym: mí éscai
** c. 850 Glosses on the Carlsruhe Beda, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 10–30, Bcr. 3c
    Ar is airchenn ṁbes salt hi ciunn nóidécdi mad i ndib ṅ‑uarib deac nammá bas laigu cach mí aescai oldaas trichtaige. Is ed didiu slándliged salto noichtiche co lleuth du árim in ę́scu.For it is certain that there should be a leap at the end of the nineteen-years-cycle if it is by twelve hours only that every lunar month is less than a space of thirty days. This, then, is the healthy law of the leap, to reckon 29½ days in the lunar month.

#### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Descendants

* Irish: éasca
* Manx: eayst

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ésca(e), éisce”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
# bourse
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from French bourse, from Old French borse, from Latin bursa, from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa). Doublet of purse, compare Danish børs, Swedish börs, German Börse. See also bursar.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /bɔːs/, (without the pour–poor merger) /bʊəs/
* Audio (Southern England); /-ɔː-/:(file)
* (US) IPA: /bɔːɹs/, (without the pour–poor merger) /bʊəɹs/
* Homophone: boss (non-rhotic, pour–poor merger)
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)s, -ʊə(ɹ)s

### Noun

bourse (plural bourses)
* A stock exchange.
** (figuratively) Any place, real or imagined, where the value of a thing is settled.
*** For quotations using this term, see Citations:bourse.
* (philately) A meeting of stamp collectors and/or dealers, where stamps and covers are sold or exchanged.
* (botany) The swollen basal part of an inflorescence axis at the onset of fruit development; it bears leaves whose axillary buds differentiate and may grow out as shoots.

#### Derived terms

* interbourse

#### Related terms

* burse

#### Related terms

* bursar
* burse
* purse
* reimburse

#### Translations
### Further reading

* bourse on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Brouse, besour, bouser

## French
### Etymology

Inherited from Old French borse, from Medieval Latin, Late Latin bursa, from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /buʁs/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bourse f (plural bourses)
* (dated) coin purse
    Synonym: porte-monnaie
* a purseful of money; by extension, any sum of money available to be paid
* financial grant
* bourse, stock exchange
* (anatomy)
** (generally in the plural) the scrotum
    Synonym: scrotum
*** 1805, Georges Cuvier, Les organes de la génération:Les testicules [...] sont suspendus au-dessous du bassin dans une espèce de bourse ou de scrotum [...]The testicles [...] are hanging below the pelvis in a sort of purse or scrotum [...]
** (in the plural, slang) balls
    Synonyms: testicules, (slang) couilles
    Ça remonte à quand, la dernière fois que tu t’es vidé les bourses ?When was the last time you emptied your balls?

#### Derived terms

* bourse d’études
* bourse d’excellence
* boursicaut
* boursicoter
* boursier
* sans bourse délier

#### Descendants

* → English: bourse
* → Persian: بورس (burs)
* → Romanian: bursă
* → Turkish: burs

### References

* Nouveau Petit Larousse illustré. Dictionnaire encyclopédique. Paris, Librairie Larousse, 1952, 146th edition
* “bourse”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Middle French
### Etymology

From Old French borse.

### Noun

bourse f (plural bourses)
* bag or purse

#### Descendants

* French: bourse
* German: Börse

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French borse, Late Latin bursa, from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bourse f (plural bourses)
* (Jersey) mermaid's purse
* (Jersey) shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)
* (Jersey) corn salad (Valerianella locusta)

#### Synonyms

* (mermaid's purse): bourse au dgiâbl'ye, chiviéthe à bras, crapaud d'mé
* (shepherd's purse): pid d'ouaîthé

#### Descendants

* English: burse