# England
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English Engelond, England, from Old English Engla land (literally “land of the Angles”), from genitive of Engle (“the Angles”) + land (“land”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɪŋɡlənd/, (non-standard) /ˈɪŋɡələnd/
* (US) IPA: /ˈɪŋɡlənd/, (also) /ˈɪŋlənd/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* Audio (US):(file)
* Hyphenation: Eng‧land

### Proper noun

England (usually uncountable, plural Englands)
* The largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom; established in southern Britain by Aethelstan of Wessex in 927 .
    We thoroughly enjoyed our vacation in Britain. We visited England, Wales, and Scotland.
    Just close your eyes and think of England.
** 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:Gaunt ...This royall throne of Kings, this sceptred Ile, This earth of maiesty, this seate of Mars, This other Eden, demy Paradice, This fortresse built by Nature for her selfe, Against infection and the hand of warre, This happy breede of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the siluer sea, Which serues it in the office of a wall, Or as moate defensiue to a house, Against the enuie of lesse happier lands. This blessed plot, this earth, this realme, this England... Is now leasde out... That England that was wont to conquer others, Hath made a shamefull conquest of it selfe...
** 1804, William Blake, Milton, Vol. I, Preface:And did those feet in ancient time Walk upon England’s mountains green? And was the holy Lamb of God On England’s pleasant pastures seen?... I will not cease from Mental Fight, Nor shall my Sword sleep in my hand, Till we have built Jerusalem In England’s green & pleasant Land.
** 1864, Victor Hugo, chapter 6, in Amédée Baillot, transl., William Shakespeare:What is England? She is Elizabeth... To live alone, to go alone, to reign alone, to be alone,—such is Elizabeth, such is England... England has two books: one which she has made, the other which has made her,—Shakespeare and the Bible. These two books do not agree together... Shakespeare thinks, Shakespeare dreams, Shakespeare doubts... Moreover, Shakespeare invents.
** 1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. I:England is not the jewelled isle of Shakespeare's much-quoted passage, nor is it the inferno depicted by Dr Goebbels. More than either it resembles a family, a rather stuffy Victorian family, with not many black sheep but with all its cupboards bursting with skeletons. It has rich relations who have to be kow-towed to and poor relations who are horribly sat upon, and there is a deep conspiracy of silence about the source of the family income.
** 1983, William S. Burroughs, The Place of Dead Roads, page 203:England is like some stricken beast too stupid to know it is dead. Ingloriously foundering in its own waste products, the backlash and bad karma of empire.
** 2012, Maureen Johnson, The Madness Underneath:"This is England," he explained. "Tell someone it's a procedure, and they'll believe you. The pointless procedure is one of our great natural resources."
** 2013 March 25, David Sedaris, "Long Way Home" in The New Yorker:
    Had they responded this way in France or America, this wouldn't have surprised me, but wasn't everyone in England supposed to be a detective? Wasn't every crime, no matter how complex, solved in a timely fashion by either a professional or a hobbyist? That's the impression you get from British books and TV shows.
* (historical) The territory of the Angles and (later) Anglo-Saxons in Britain at any given time before the founding of the Kingdom of England, or the territory of the English people at any given time, in either the Kingdom of England or the United Kingdom.
* (chiefly law, historical or archaic) Synonym of England and Wales.
* (dated, sometimes proscribed) Synonym of Great Britain or United Kingdom.
    England expects that every man will do his duty.
** 1882, T. E. Kebbel, Selected Speeches of the Late Right Hon. the Earl of Beaconsfield‎, volume 2, page 495:There is a very near analogy between the position of the President of the United States and that of the Prime Minister of England, and both are paid at much the same rate — the income of a second-class professional man.
** 1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:Another twenty years along the present line of development, and India will be a peasant republic linked with England only by voluntary alliance.
** 1948, Winston S. Churchill, The Gathering Storm‎, page 303:The partition of Czechoslovakia under pressure from England and France amounts to the complete surrender of the Western Democracies to the Nazi threat of force.
* A habitational surname from Old English.
* (US) A city in Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States.

#### Usage notes

As England has always been the most populous part of the United Kingdom, its name has often been used metonymously for the country as a whole, both in English and in other languages. This usage is now often considered uninformed or insulting, particularly to those from other parts of Britain. The 1746 Wales & Berwick Act formalized the previous informal understanding that laws referencing the Kingdom of England alone also applied to the Principality of Wales; this continued to be the case until the 1967 Welsh Language Act required that any similarly general laws afterwards must specify England and Wales separately.

#### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:England

#### Derived terms

* Church of England
* close one's eyes and think of England
* Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
* England and Wales
* Englander
* for England
* Garden of England
* Kingdom of England
* lie back and think of England
* Little Englander
* Middle England
* Middle Englander
* New England
* North East England
* Northern England
* Northern England English
* North of England
* think of England

#### Related terms

* Anglican
* anglicise, anglicize
* Anglo-
* English

#### Descendants

* → Bengali: ইংল্যান্ড (iṅlênḍ)
* → Burmese: အင်္ဂလန် (angga.lan)
* → Chichewa: Mángalande
* → Chinese: 英格蘭 / 英格兰 (Yīnggélán)
* → Hawaiian: ʻEnelani
* → Hindustani:
** Hindi: इंग्लैंड (iṅglaiṇḍ)
** Urdu: اِن٘گْلَینْڈ (iṅglainḍ)
* → Japanese: イングランド (Ingurando)
* → Korean: 잉글랜드 (inggeullaendeu)
* → Lao: ອັງກິດ (ʼang kit)
* → Maori: Ingarangi
* → Malay:
** Arabic script: ايڠلند
** Latin script: England
* → Marshallese: In̄len
* → Spanish: Inglaterra (calque)
** → Classical Nahuatl: Inglatera
** → Tagalog: Inglatera
* →? Swedish: England
** → Finnish: Englanti
* → Tamil: இங்கிலாந்து (iṅkilāntu)

#### See also

* England, Arkansas on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* England (surname) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* endlang

## Danish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

England
* England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)
* (informal, somewhat dated) Great Britain (a large island of the United Kingdom in Northern Europe)
* (informal, somewhat dated) United Kingdom (a kingdom and sovereign state in Western Europe comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922)

## German
### Etymology

From Old English Engaland.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛŋlant/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ant

### Proper noun

England n (proper noun, genitive Englands or (optionally with an article) England)
* England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)
* (somewhat informal) Great Britain (a large island of the United Kingdom in Northern Europe)
* (somewhat informal) United Kingdom (a kingdom and sovereign state in Western Europe comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922)
* (informal, proscribed) the British Isles (an archipelago in Western Europe, including Ireland)

#### Usage notes

* In formal usage, England referring to Great Britain or the United Kingdom is now very rare.
* In common speech, England continues to be the most common word for the two respective entities as a whole. It is, however, now uncommon to use England when referring specifically to a place or incident in Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland. In such a case, the respective word would normally be used (Schottland, Wales, Nordirland).
* The usage including the Republic of Ireland, which is sometimes heard, is conspicuously nonstandard.

#### Synonyms

* Engelland (archaic)
* (Great Britain): Großbritannien, GB
* (United Kingdom): Vereinigtes Königreich, VK

#### Derived terms

* Engländer
* engländisch
* Altengland
* Mittelengland
* Neuengland
* Nordengland
* Ostengland
* Südengland

#### Related terms

* Angelland
* englisch
** Englisch

### Further reading

* “England” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

## Hunsrik
### Etymology

From Middle High German Engellant, borrowed from Middle English Engelond, from Old English Engla land.
Cognate with German, Luxembourgish, and Pennsylvania German England.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛŋlant/
* Rhymes: -ɛŋlant
* Syllabification: Eng‧land

### Proper noun

England n
* England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

#### Related terms

* Englenner
* englisch
* Englisch

### See also

* Belche
* Deitschland
* Eesterreich
* England
* Finnland
* Frankreich
* Griecheland
* Italje ~ Italia
* Luxemborrich
* Nitterlande
* Pole
* Portugal
* Russland
* Schweiz
* Spanje

### References

* ↑ Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “England”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 42, column 1

## Icelandic
### Etymology

From Old Norse Ęngland.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeiŋ.lant/

### Proper noun

England n (proper noun, genitive singular Englands)
* England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

#### Derived terms

* Englendingur
* enskur
* Nýja-England

## Luxembourgish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈæŋˌlant/, [ˈæŋˌlɑnt]

### Proper noun

England n
* England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

## Malay
### Etymology

Borrowed from English England.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɪŋ.ɡlən(d)]
* Rhymes: -ənd, -ən
* Hyphenation: En‧gland

### Proper noun

England (Jawi spelling ايڠلند)
* England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)
    Coordinate term: Inggeris

## Middle English
### Proper noun

England
* Alternative form of Engelond
** 1454, Roger Leigh, Clarenceux King of Arms, Confirmation of Arms to John Aleyn of Buckinghamshire :Which armes I the seid Clarensewe King of Armes conferme unto the seid John and w$^t$nesse here that nos ꝑsone w$^t$in the Raume of England ought for to bere hem but the seid John and the heirs of his body lawfully begaten. In w$^t$nesse wherof to thise ꝉres I have sette my seall of armes and my signe manuell.

### References

* ↑ Willoughby Aston Littledale, editor (1925), A Collection of Miscellaneous Grants, Crests, Confirmations, Augmentations and Exemplifications of Arms in the Mss. Preserved in the British Museum, Ashmolean Library, Queen's College, Oxford, and Elsewhere‎, volume 76, London: J. Whitehead and Son, Ltd., →OCLC, pages 2–3

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Proper noun

England
* England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)
* (informal or dated) Great Britain (a large island of the United Kingdom in Northern Europe)
* (informal or dated) United Kingdom (a kingdom and sovereign state in Western Europe comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922)

#### Related terms

* engelsk
* engelskmann
* englender

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛŋlɑn/, /ˈɛŋlɑnd/

### Proper noun

England
* England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

#### Related terms

* engelsk
* engelskmann

## Old Swedish
### Proper noun

England n
* A medieval kingdom in Northern Europe
** " var sanctus thomas först konungx cancAläre j englande"Konung Alexander. Utg. af G.E. Klemming. 1862.

#### Descendants

* > Swedish: England (inherited)
** → Finnish: Englanti

### Further reading

* “kanceläre” in Old Swedish Dictionary

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish England, Engeland, Engelandh.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛŋland/
* Audio:(file)

### Proper noun

England n (genitive Englands)
* England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

#### Descendants

* → Finnish: Englanti