# 窖

| 窖 | U+7A96, &#31382; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A96 |
| ← 窕 [U+7A95] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 窗 → [U+7A97] |

## Translingual
### Han character

窖 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹土口 (JCHGR), four-corner 3060$_1$, composition ⿱穴告)

#### Derived characters

* 𡑛, 𣽸, 𨻴, 𨅻, 𪆥, 𫛕

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 31
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25516
* Dae Jaweon: page 1294, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2731, character 9
* Unihan data for U+7A96

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 造 | *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ |
| 慥 | *skʰuːɡs |
| 艁 | *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ |
| 糙 | *skʰuːɡs |
| 告 | *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ |
| 誥 | *kuːɡs |
| 郜 | *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ |
| 祰 | *kʰuːʔ, *kuːɡ |
| 靠 | *kʰuːɡs |
| 浩 | *ɡuːʔ, *kuːb |
| 晧 | *ɡuːʔ |
| 皓 | *ɡuːʔ |
| 窖 | *kruːɡs |
| 簉 | *skʰruɡs |
| 梏 | *kruːɡ, *kuːɡ |
| 硞 | *kʰruːɡ, *kʰuːɡ |
| 牿 | *kuːɡ |
| 鵠 | *kuːɡ, *ɡuːɡ |
| 酷 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 焅 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 嚳 | *kʰuːɡ |
| 頶 | *ɡuːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kruːɡs): semantic 穴 (“hole; cave”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiào (jiao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kau
    (Hailu, HRS): gau$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gau$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kàu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ga$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiào
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^4$
*** Yale: jyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaw
*** Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaau$^3$
*** Yale: gaau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gao$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːu̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kau
*** Hakka Romanization System: gau
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau̯⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gau$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gau$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàu
*** Tâi-lô: kàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaux
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kau²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ga$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kà
*** Sinological IPA : /ka²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: kaewH
Rime :
| Character | 窖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古孝切 |
| Baxter | kaewH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠau$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚau$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kau$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kau$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kau$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kau$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤruk-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kruːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 窖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kæw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁruk-s/ |
| English | cave |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 窖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3813 |
| Phonetic component | 告 |
| Rime group | 奧 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 敎 |
| Old Chinese | /*kruːɡs/ |

### Definitions

窖
* pit; cellar
    冰窖 ― bīngjiào ― icehouse
    酒窖 ― jiǔjiào ― wine cellar
* to store in a cellar

#### Synonyms

* (cellar):
* 地窖 (dìjiào)
* 地窨 (dìyìn)
* 地窨子 (dìyìnzi) (colloquial)
* 地藏 (dìzàng) (Classical Chinese)
* 地陷 (tē-hām) (Hokkien)
* 地陷跤 (tē-hām-kha) (Xiamen Hokkien)

### Compounds

* 冰天雪窖
* 冰窖 (bīngjiào)
* 地窖 (dìjiào)
* 窖肥 (jiàoféi)
* 窖藏
* 窟窖
* 糞窖子 / 粪窖子
* 酒窖 (jiǔjiào)
* 雪窖冰天

### References

* “窖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: あなぐら (anagura, 窖)

#### Compounds

* 地窖(ちこう) (chikō): hole dug in the ground, cellar

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 窖
* あなぐら Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 窖 – see the following entry. :
| 【あなぐら】 | [noun] cellar Alternative spellings 穴蔵, 穴倉 |
(This term, 窖, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Vietnamese
### Han character

窖: Hán Việt readings: kháo, giáo, khiếu, diếu
窖: Nôm readings: khiếu, khéo
* chữ Hán form of giáo (“pit; cellar”).
* chữ Nôm form of khéo (“skillful; capable; adroit”).

#### References

* ↑ Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).