# broke
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: brōk, IPA: /bɹəʊk/
* (General American) enPR: brōk, IPA: /bɹoʊk/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊk

### Etymology 1

Ablauted form of break.

#### Verb

broke
* simple past of break
* (archaic, nonstandard or poetic) past participle of break
** 1853, John Welsey, The Works of the Rev. John Wesley, Volume 7‎, page 261:Accordingly, he came with a mob the next day; and after they had broke all the windows...
** 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:The horse was the grey stallion he aye rode, the very beast he had ridden for many a wager with the wild lads of the Cross Keys. No man but himself durst back it, and it had lamed many a hostler lad and broke two necks in its day.
** 1999 October 3, J. Stewart Burns, "Mars University", Futurama, season 2, episode 2, Fox Broadcasting Company
    Guenther: I guess the hat must have broke my fall.

#### Adjective

broke (not generally comparable, comparative broker or more broke, superlative brokest or most broke)
* (informal) Financially ruined, bankrupt.
** 1665 July 6, Samuel Pepys, Vol. VI, p. 150:
    It seems some of his Creditors have taken notice of it, and he was like to be broke yesterday in his absence.
* (informal) Without any money, penniless.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:impoverished
    dead broke; flat broke
* (archaic, now informal) Broken.
    If it ain’t broke, don't fix it.
** 1822, William Wolryche Whitmore, A Letter on the Present State and Future Prospects of Agriculture‎, page 53:If the farmer is seriously injured by the depressed state of the markets, his spirit is broke, and there must ensue a very general discredit with regard to the farming business;
** 1973, “Photograph”, in Ringo, performed by Ringo Starr:I can't get used to living here / While my heart is broke, my tears I cry for you
** 1983, Chicago Transit Authority, CTA Transit News, volume 36, page 8:Watkins notified the shop foreman immediately, whereupon the car was inspected and found to have a broke axle.
** 2011, Mike Major, Fran Devereux Smith, Ranch-Horse Versatility: A Winner's Guide to Successful Rides:A broke horse tries to do anything I want, and that is expected of any horse.
* (nautical) Demoted, deprived of a commission.
    He was broke and rendered unfit to serve His Majesty at sea.

##### Derived terms

* brokeass
* brokeness
* broker than the Ten Commandments
* go for broke
* greenbroke
* gunbroke
* heartbroke
* if it ain't broke, don't fix it
* nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American people
* stone broke
* stony broke

##### Descendants

* → German: broke

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

From Middle English broce, from Old English gebroc (“fragment”), from brecan (“to break”). Compare broken, past participle of break. Compare also Scots brock (“a scrap of meat or bread”).

#### Noun

broke (plural brokes)
* (papermaking) Paper or board that is discarded and repulped during the manufacturing process.
** 1880, James Dunbar, The Practical Papermaker: A Complete Guide to the Manufacture of Paper‎, page 12:If the broke accumulates, a larger proportion can be used in making coloured papers, otherwise the above quantity is sufiicient.
** 1914, The World's Paper Trade Review Volume 62‎, page 204:Presumably, most of the brokes and waste were used up in this manner, and during the manufacture of the coarse stuff little or no attention was paid to either cleanliness or colour.
** 2014 September 25, Judge Diane Wood, NCR Corp. v. George A. Whiting Paper Co.‎:These mills purchase broke from other paper mills through middlemen and use it to make paper.
* (obsolete) A fragment, remains, a piece broken off.
** 1855, January Searle, Poems, page 4:Why dost though linger, then, / To hear the flatteries of these men of rags? / These bankrupt beggar-men, / Whose riches are the broke meat in their bags?

##### References

* ↑ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Broke”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.
* ↑ “brock, n$^2$.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

### Etymology 3

Back-formation from broker.

#### Verb

broke (third-person singular simple present brokes, present participle broking, simple past and past participle broked)
* To act as a broker; to transact business for another; synonym of broker.
    Agents broking with various other carriers can offer additional options.
** 1837, Comprising Reports of Cases in the Courts of Chancery […] :The only evidence of bill-broking is, that he has often been a party to bills of exchange
** 1992, Philippe Moore, The 1992 guide to European equity markets:[…] because the Spanish equity market was substantially over-broked even at the height of its bull market, with over 50 brokers servicing the market.
* (obsolete) To act as procurer in love matters; to pimp.
** 1655 [1572], Luís de Camões, translated by Richard Fanshawe, The Lusiad, translation of original in Portuguese, Canto IX, stanza 44:But we do want a certain necessary / Woman, to broke between them CUPID said;
** c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:And brokes with all that can in such a suit / Corrupt the tender honour of a maid.

### Etymology 4

Clipping of broke off.

#### Adjective

broke (comparative more broke, superlative most broke)
* (slang) Broke off, rich, wealthy

### Anagrams

* Borek, Kober, berko, borek

## Albanian
### Noun

broke f
* indefinite dative/ablative singular of brokë

## German
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English broke.

### Adjective

broke (strong nominative masculine singular broker, comparative broker, superlative am broksten)
* (youth slang, neologism) broke (without any money)
    Synonym: pleite
** 2020 November 8, Schwesta Grimm, Spieglein, Spieglein an der Wand, wer hat die meisten Follower im ganzen Land?: Die beliebtesten Märchen in derbe nicem Deutsch‎, Riva Verlag, →ISBN, →OCLC, Hänsel und Gretel, page 19:Es waren einmal ein Holzfäller und seine Frau, die zwar derbe am Hustlen waren, aber trotzdem so broke, dass jeder Hartzer dagegen der übelste Gönnjamin gewesen wäre. Die Frau wusste irgendwann nicht mehr weiter mit ihrem Life, und sie so: »Habibi, setz mal die Kinder im Wald aus, wir können die echt nicht auch noch mit durchfüttern.«(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “broke” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon