# 漆

| 漆 | U+6F06, &#28422; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F06 |
| ← 漅 [U+6F05] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 漇 → [U+6F07] |

## Translingual
### Han character

漆 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 水木人水 (EDOE), four-corner 3413$_2$, composition ⿰氵桼)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 644, character 28
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18108
* Dae Jaweon: page 1053, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1716, character 9
* Unihan data for U+6F06

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 漆 | *sʰiɡ |
| 桼 | *sʰiɡ |
| 膝 | *siɡ |
| 厀 | *siɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰiɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ, “resin used to make varnish”). From earlier 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ, “varnish; lacquer”).

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsəj (“medicine; juice; paint”). Cognate with Jingpho tsì (“medicine”), Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “juice; fluid; paint”), Burmese ဆေး (hce:, “medicine; potion; poison; paint”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qī, qù (qi$^1$, qu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ, ㄑㄩˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cat$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tit$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qit$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhit
    (Meixian, Guangdong): qid$^5$
* Jin (Wiktionary): qieh$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): chă̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): chék
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhat / chhit
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cag$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$chiq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qī
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ci
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$
*** Yale: chī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
*** Palladius: ци (ci)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qù
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyù
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^4$
*** Yale: chyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuh
*** Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qi$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ki
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cat$^1$
*** Yale: chāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ced$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: tit$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰit̚⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: qit$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰit̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhit
*** Hakka Romanization System: qid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: qid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qieh$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chă̤
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: chék
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɛiʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhat
*** Tâi-lô: tshat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhad
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰat̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhit
*** Tâi-lô: tshit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chid
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰit̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰit̚³²/
* chhat - vernacular (“paint; to paint”);
* chhit - literary.
* Middle Chinese: tshit
Rime :
| Character | 漆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 親吉切 |
| Baxter | tshit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰiɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰiĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sʰi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cat$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]i[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰiɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 漆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshit › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]i[t]/ |
| English | varnish tree |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 漆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9926 |
| Phonetic component | 桼 |
| Rime group | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 七 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰiɡ/ |

#### Definitions

漆
* lacquer tree; varnish tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)
* paint; lacquer; varnish
* to paint; to varnish
* (literary) black; dark
* Name of several rivers.
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (lacquer tree): 漆樹／漆树 (qīshù)
* (to paint): 塗漆／涂漆 (túqī)

#### Compounds

* 一團漆黑 / 一团漆黑 (yītuánqīhēi)
* 亮光漆
* 亮漆
* 似漆如膠 / 似漆如胶
* 吞炭漆身
* 噴漆 / 喷漆 (pēnqī)
* 噴漆器 / 喷漆器
* 填漆
* 夜光漆
* 大漆
* 如膠似漆 / 如胶似漆 (rújiāosìqī)
* 如膠如漆 / 如胶如漆
* 如膠投漆 / 如胶投漆
* 底漆 (dǐqī)
* 建漆
* 朱漆 (zhūqī)
* 柿漆
* 楚漆器
* 歙漆阿膠 / 歙漆阿胶
* 水泥漆
* 水粉漆
* 油漆 (yóuqī)
* 油漆匠
* 洋乾漆 / 洋干漆
* 漆匠
* 漆器 (qīqì)
* 漆器雕
* 漆宅
* 漆工
* 漆布
* 漆料
* 漆書 / 漆书 (qīshū)
* 漆桶底脫 / 漆桶底脱
* 漆樹 / 漆树 (qīshù)
* 漆毒疹
* 漆畫 / 漆画
* 漆皮
* 漆皮兒 / 漆皮儿
* 漆砂硯 / 漆砂砚
* 漆身吞炭
* 漆黑
* 漆黑一團 / 漆黑一团 (qīhēiyītuán)
* 火漆 (huǒqī)
* 烤漆 (kǎoqī)
* 瓷漆
* 生漆 (shēngqī)
* 目似點漆 / 目似点漆
* 眼若點漆 / 眼若点漆
* 磨漆畫 / 磨漆画
* 罩漆
* 膠漆 / 胶漆 (jiāoqī)
* 膠漆之情 / 胶漆之情
* 膠漆相投 / 胶漆相投
* 膠漆相融 / 胶漆相融
* 蟲漆 / 虫漆
* 調合漆 / 调合漆
* 透明漆
* 金漆
* 金漆馬桶 / 金漆马桶
* 防水漆
* 陳雷膠漆 / 陈雷胶漆
* 雕漆 (diāoqī)
* 雕花漆彩
* 雷陳膠漆 / 雷陈胶漆
* 鬢如漆 / 鬓如漆
* 鬢髯如漆 / 鬓髯如漆
* 黑漆一團 / 黑漆一团
* 黑漆板凳 (hēiqī bǎndèng)
* 黑漆漆 (hēiqīqī)
* 黑漆皮燈 / 黑漆皮灯
* 點漆 / 点漆

#### Descendants

* → Iban: chat
* → Zhuang: caet

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiè (qie$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻieh$^4$
*** Yale: chyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chieh
*** Palladius: це (ce)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/

#### Definitions

漆
* Only used in 漆漆.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: しち (shichi)
* Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō)
* Kun: うるし (urushi, 漆, Jōyō)
* Nanori: うる (uru)

#### Compounds

* 漆器(しっき) (shikki)
* 漆喰(しっくい) (shikkui)
* 漆黒(しっこく) (shikkoku)
* 仮漆(かしつ) (kashitsu)
* 金漆(きんしつ) (kinshitsu)
* 膠漆(こうしつ) (kōshitsu)
* 黒漆(こくしつ) (kokushitsu)
* 彫漆(ちょうしつ) (chōshitsu)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 漆
* うるし Grade: S
* kun'yomi
Appears to be derived from Old Japanese root uru, as in terms such as classical Japanese 潤う (urufu) → modern 潤う (uruou, “to be moist”), うるうる (uruuru, “wetly, moistly”, adverb). Probably from the way that a lacquered surface glistens as if wet.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) うるし [ùrúshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɕi]

### Noun

漆(うるし) or 漆(ウルシ) • (urushi)
* lacquer
* lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)

#### Derived terms

* 木漆(きうるし) (ki-urushi)
* 朱漆(しゅうるし) (shu-urushi)
* 透漆(すきうるし) (suki-urushi)
* 蔦漆(ツタウルシ) (tsutaurushi)
* 庭漆(ニワウルシ) (niwaurushi)
* 山漆(ヤマウルシ) (yamaurushi)
* 蝋色漆(ろいろうるし) (roiro-urushi)

#### Descendants

* ⇒ English: urushiol

### See also

v • d • eJapanese numbers :
| Number | Kanji | Kana | Romaji |
| 0 | 零 | れい、ゼロ | rei, zero |
| 1 | 一、壱、弌、壹 | いち | ichi |
| 2 | 二、弐、貳、貮 | に | ni |
| 3 | 三、参 | さん | san |
| 4 | 四、肆 | よん、し | yon, shi |
| 5 | 五、伍 | ご | go |
| 6 | 六、陸 | ろく | roku |
| 7 | 七、漆 | なな、しち | nana, shichi |
| 8 | 八、捌 | はち | hachi |
| 9 | 九、玖 | きゅう、く | kyū, ku |
| 10 | 十、拾 | じゅう | jū |
| 100 | 百、陌、佰 | ひゃく | hyaku |
| 1,000 | 千、阡、仟 | せん | sen |
| 10,000 | 一万、万、一萬、萬 | いちまん、まん | ichiman, man |
| 100,000,000 | 一億、億 | いちおく、おく | ichioku, oku |

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

漆 (eumhun 옻 칠 (ot chil)) 漆 (eumhun 일곱 칠 (ilgop chil)) 漆 (eumhun 삼갈 칠 (samgal chil))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

漆: Hán Việt readings: tất
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).