# risk
## English
### Alternative forms

* risque (archaic)

### Etymology

From earlier risque, from Middle French risque, from Old Italian risco (“risk”) (modern Italian rischio) and rischiare (“to run into danger”). Displaced native Old English pleoh (“risk”) and plēon (“to risk”).
Most dictionaries consider the etymology of these Italian terms uncertain, but some suggest they perhaps come from Vulgar Latin *resecum (“that which cuts, rock, crag”) (> Medieval Latin resicu), from Latin resecō (“cut off, loose, curtail”, verb), in the sense of that which is a danger to boating or shipping; or from Ancient Greek ῥιζικόν (rhizikón, “root, radical, hazard”).
A few dictionaries express more certainty. Collins says the Italian risco comes from Ancient Greek ῥίζα (rhíza, “cliff”) due to the hazards of sailing along rocky coasts. The American Heritage says it probably comes from Byzantine Greek ῥιζικό, ριζικό (rhizikó, rizikó, “sustenance obtained by a soldier through his own initiative, fortune”), from Arabic رِزْق (rizq, “sustenance, that which God allots”), from Classical Syriac ܪܘܙܝܩܐ ,ܪܙܩܐ (rezqā, rōzīqā, “daily ration”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (rōčig), from Middle Persian [script needed] (rōč, “day”), from Old Persian [script needed] (*raučah-), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-.
Cognate with Spanish riesgo, Portuguese risco

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɹɪsk/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Homophones: RISC, risque (rare dialect)
* Rhymes: -ɪsk

### Noun

risk (countable and uncountable, plural risks)
* (uncountable) The probability of a negative outcome to a decision or event.
    There is risk of being brutalized, arrested, imprisoned and tortured, all because I want you to know the truth about this matter.
** 1994, S. I. Bhuiyan, On-farm Reservoir Systems for Rainfed Ricelands‎, page 36:What crop(s) to plant, how much area to devote to each crop, and how much risk to take with respect to rainfall during the season are some of the decisions that must be made.
** 2006, Trever Ramsey on BBC News website, Exercise 'cuts skin cancer risk' read at on 14 May 2006
** 2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins. For each one there is a frighteningly precise measurement of just how likely it is to jump from the shadows and get you. Taking regular exercise, coupled with a healthy diet, reduced the risk of several types of cancer.
** 2012 January, Stephen Ledoux, “Behaviorism at 100”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 60:Becoming more aware of the progress that scientists have made on behavioral fronts can reduce the risk that other natural scientists will resort to mystical agential accounts when they exceed the limits of their own disciplinary training.
* (uncountable) The magnitude of possible loss consequent to a decision or event.
** 2004 April 23, “American Families at Risk”, in The American Prospect‎:Will they find the prospect of greater risk a cause for concern, rather than a gift from the right?
** 2012 December 12, “Hekia Parata will not appeal Salisbury decision”, in Manawatu Standard:The decision was also unlawful in disregarding the prospect of greater risk of sexual or physical abuse to girls at a co-educational residential school
** 2006, R. Packer, The Politics of BSE‎, page 196:SEAC acknowledged that their recommendation was a somewhat uneasy compromise between the desire to protect the public from a small chance of a big risk and the desire not to ruin an industry, probably unnecessarily.
* (uncountable, economics, business and engineering) The potential negative effect of an event, determined by multiplying the likelihood of the event occurring with its magnitude should it occur.
** 2002, Decisioneering Inc website, What is risk? read at on 14 May 2006
    If there is a 25% chance of running over schedule, costing you a $100 out of your own pocket, that might be a risk you are willing to take. But if you have a 5% chance of running overschedule, knowing that there is a $10,000 penalty, you might be less willing to take that risk.
* (countable) A possible adverse event or outcome.
    Synonyms: danger, peril, hazard
** (insurance) A type of adverse event covered under an insurance policy.
** 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter VII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:the imminent and constant risk of assassination, a risk which has shaken very strong nerves
* (countable) A thing (from the perspective of how likely or unlikely it is to cause an adverse effect).
    That man is going to be a big risk once he's out of prison.
    Those stairs are a major risk.
** 2006, BBC News website, Farmers warned over skin cancer read at on 14 May 2006
    There was also a "degree of complacency" that the weather in the country was not good enough to present a health risk.
** (banking, finance) A borrower (such as a mortgage-holder or person with a credit card).
    A good credit rating indicates the customer is a desirable risk.
** (finance) A financial product (typically an investment).
    Subprime mortgages are poor risks; especially for a pension scheme.
** (insurance) An entity insured by an insurer.

#### Usage notes

When referring to some possible cause of an adverse effect as "a risk", the default position is that one is referring to how likely it is to cause an adverse effect. Such use is qualified with adjectives that refer to magnitude, such as "major", "large" or "tiny". However, adjectives that refer to quality (such as "good" or "undesirable") indicate that one is referring to how unlikely the adverse effect is, and this usage is invariably restricted to monetary contexts. On the other hand, the former sense may be used in any context (including monetary risks). In academic finance, risk is associated with the variance of the expected outcome, and not with the probability of outcomes (see Black-Scholes)

#### Hyponyms

* (formal business and engineering): variance, standard deviation, downside beta

#### Derived terms

* assigned risk
* at one's own risk
* at risk
* at the risk of
* businessman's risk
* calculated risk
* country risk
* credit risk
* currency risk
* diversifiable risk
* exchange rate risk
* existential risk
* external risk
* extreme risk law
* extreme risk protection order
* financial risk
* flight risk
* foreign exchange risk
* funding liquidity risk
* FX risk
* health risk
* high-risk
* inflation risk
* key man risk
* key person risk
* low-risk
* market risk
* non-diversifiable risk
* nondiversifiable risk
* operational risk
* political risk
* residual risk
* risk analysis
* risk appetite
* risk assessment
* risk-assess, risk-assessed
* risk-averse
* risk aversion
* risk-aversity
* risk capital
* risk equalisation
* risk factor
* risk-free
* risk management
* risk-off
* risk-on
* risk premium
* risk profile
* risk society
* risk-taking
* risk universe
* risk visualization
* run a risk
* run the risk
* seismic risk
* specific risk
* systematic risk
* tail risk
* take a risk
* undiversifiable risk
* unsystematic risk
* X-risk
* x-risk

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

risk (third-person singular simple present risks, present participle risking, simple past and past participle risked)
* (transitive) To incur risk of (an unwanted or negative outcome).
** 2006, Transportation Alternatives website, Rail delays as thieves cut power read at on 14 May 2006
    These people are putting themselves in danger by physically being on or near to the railway lines and risking serious injury.
* (transitive) To incur risk of harming or jeopardizing.
** 2006, BBC Sport website, Beckham wary over Rooney comeback read at on 14 May 2006
    England captain David Beckham has warned Wayne Rooney not to risk his long-term future by rushing his return from injury.
* (transitive) To incur risk as a result of (doing something).
** 1979 February 10, Lynn Tibbets, “Women's Music From All Over”, in Gay Community News, volume 6, number 28, page 19:Because of the wide range of styles on this album, it's hard to pin down the genre. I will risk suggesting folk-rock in an effort to be helpful.
** 1999, BBC News website, Volunteer of the Month: Andrew Hay McConnell read at on 14 May 2006
    After coming to New York, I decided to risk cycling again.

#### Usage notes

* This is a catenative verb that takes the gerund (-ing). See Appendix:English catenative verbs

#### Derived terms

* risk it for the biscuit
* risk it to get the biscuit
* risk life and limb
* risk off
* risk on
* risk one's life
* risk one's life and limb
* risk one's neck

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* roll the dice, take a chance

### Further reading

* Risk in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
* “risk”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
* risk in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
* William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “risk”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
* risk on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* KRIs, kris, Kris, Sirk, irks, riks, kirs, k'ris

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrɪsk]
* Hyphenation: risk
* Rhymes: -ɪsk

### Noun

risk m inan
* (informal) risk

#### Related terms

* riskantní
* riskovat
* riziko

### Further reading

* “risk”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “risk”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “risk”, in Akademický slovník cizích slov at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz [Academic dictionary of foreign words] (in Czech), 1995

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from French risque.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɪsk

### Noun

risk c
* risk

#### Derived terms

* rasrisk
* på egen risk
* riskfaktor
* riskfylld
* riskkapitalist
* riskvillig
* säkerhetsrisk

#### Related terms

* riskabel

### Anagrams

* kris, riks-, skri

## Turkish
### Etymology

From French risque. Doublet of riziko.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /risc/

### Noun

risk (definite accusative riski, plural riskler)
* risk (all senses)

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
risk
riskler
definite accusative
riski
riskleri
dative
riske
risklere
locative
riskte
risklerde
ablative
riskten
risklerden
genitive
riskin
risklerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
riskim
risklerim
2nd singular
riskin
risklerin
3rd singular
riski
riskleri
1st plural
riskimiz
risklerimiz
2nd plural
riskiniz
riskleriniz
3rd plural
riskleri
riskleri
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
riskimi
risklerimi
2nd singular
riskini
risklerini
3rd singular
riskini
risklerini
1st plural
riskimizi
risklerimizi
2nd plural
riskinizi
risklerinizi
3rd plural
risklerini
risklerini
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
riskime
risklerime
2nd singular
riskine
risklerine
3rd singular
riskine
risklerine
1st plural
riskimize
risklerimize
2nd plural
riskinize
risklerinize
3rd plural
risklerine
risklerine
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
riskimde
risklerimde
2nd singular
riskinde
risklerinde
3rd singular
riskinde
risklerinde
1st plural
riskimizde
risklerimizde
2nd plural
riskinizde
risklerinizde
3rd plural
risklerinde
risklerinde
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
riskimden
risklerimden
2nd singular
riskinden
risklerinden
3rd singular
riskinden
risklerinden
1st plural
riskimizden
risklerimizden
2nd plural
riskinizden
risklerinizden
3rd plural
risklerinden
risklerinden
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
riskimin
risklerimin
2nd singular
riskinin
risklerinin
3rd singular
riskinin
risklerinin
1st plural
riskimizin
risklerimizin
2nd plural
riskinizin
risklerinizin
3rd plural
risklerinin
risklerinin :