# 忉

| 忉 | U+5FC9, &#24521; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FC9 |
| ← 忈 [U+5FC8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 忊 → [U+5FCA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

忉 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 心尸竹 (PSH) or 難心尸竹 (XPSH), four-corner 9702$_0$, composition ⿰忄刀)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 375, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10305
* Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2268, character 8
* Unihan data for U+5FC9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 刀 | *taːw |
| 忉 | *taːw |
| 魛 | *taːw |
| 舠 | *taːw |
| 朷 | *taːw, *moːɡ |
| 叨 | *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw |
| 倒 | *taːwʔ, *taːws |
| 到 | *taːws |
| 菿 | *taːws, *rtaːwɢ |
| 鞀 | *deːw |
| 鳭 | *rteːw, *teːw |
| 灱 | *hreːw |
| 菬 | *sdew, *tjewʔ |
| 超 | *tʰew |
| 怊 | *tʰew, *tʰjew |
| 欩 | *tʰew |
| 召 | *dews, *djews |
| 昭 | *tjew |
| 招 | *tjew |
| 鉊 | *tjew |
| 沼 | *tjewʔ |
| 照 | *tjews |
| 詔 | *tjews |
| 炤 | *tjews |
| 弨 | *tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ |
| 眧 | *tʰjewʔ |
| 韶 | *djew |
| 佋 | *djew, *djewʔ |
| 軺 | *djew, *lew |
| 玿 | *djew |
| 柖 | *djew |
| 紹 | *djewʔ |
| 袑 | *djewʔ |
| 綤 | *djewʔ |
| 邵 | *djews |
| 劭 | *djews |
| 卲 | *djews |
| 刁 | *teːw |
| 芀 | *teːw, *deːw |
| 貂 | *teːw |
| 蛁 | *teːw |
| 迢 | *deːw |
| 苕 | *deːw |
| 髫 | *deːw |
| 岧 | *deːw |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːw): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 刀 (OC *taːw).

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dāo (dao$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dou$^1$ / tou$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dao
*** Wade–Giles: tao$^1$
*** Yale: dāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dau
*** Palladius: дао (dao)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dou$^1$ / tou$^1$
*** Yale: dōu / tōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dou$^1$ / tou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dou$^1$ / tou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tou̯⁵⁵/, /tʰou̯⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: taw
Rime :
| Character | 忉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都勞切 |
| Baxter | taw |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tɑu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tɑu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tɑu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /taw/ |
| Li Rong | /tɑu/ |
| Wang Li | /tɑu/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /tɑu/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dāo |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dou$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*taːw/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 忉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2109 |
| Phonetic component | 刀 |
| Rime group | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*taːw/ |

#### Definitions

忉
* (literary) sad; grieved; worried; distressed
* (literary) wordy; garrulous

#### Compounds

* 忉忉 (dāodāo)
* 忉怛 (dāodá)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 忉 – see 剝 (“to cut apart; to peel; to skin; to shell; etc.”). (This character is an erroneous or mistaken form of 𠚬, which is in turn an ancient form of 剝).

### References

* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “忉”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B01044

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* grieved
* distressed in mind

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とう (tō)
* Kun: うれえる (urēru)

## Korean
### Hanja

忉 (eum 도 (do))
* grieved
* distressed in mind

## Vietnamese
### Han character

忉: Hán Nôm readings: đau
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.