# 鬻

| 鬻 | U+9B3B, &#39739; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B3B |
| ← 鬺 [U+9B3A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鬼 → [U+9B3C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鬻 (Kangxi radical 193, 鬲+12, 22 strokes, cangjie input 弓弓一口月 (NNMRB), four-corner 1722$_7$, composition ⿱粥鬲)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1459, character 45
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45721
* Dae Jaweon: page 1992, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4590, character 15
* Unihan data for U+9B3B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 粥 | *ʔljuɡ, *luɡ |
| 鬻 | *luɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *luɡ): phonetic 䰜 (“cauldron”) + semantic 米 (“rice”) — congee. 鬲 is a cauldron with three hollow legs, in which 米 (“rice”) is cooked. The two 弓 depict the steam emitted from the congee in the cauldron.
粥 (“congee”) is the reduced form of the character 鬻. 鬻 has since been phonetically borrowed from 𧶠 (OC *luɡ) to mean "to sell".

### Etymology
#### "to sell"

    Compare Khmer លក់ (lŭək, “to sell; to fine”) (Schuessler, 2007). May not be related to 贖 (OC *ɦljoɡ, “to redeem”).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yù (yu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): juk$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̆k
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeh$^7$ / yeh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): io̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iog$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yù
*** Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yù
*** Wade–Giles: yü$^4$
*** Yale: yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
*** Palladius: юй (juj)
*** Sinological IPA : /y⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: juk$^6$
*** Yale: yuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: juk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jʊk̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̆k
*** Sinological IPA : /yʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: oeh$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: e̤̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /œʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: yeh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /yøʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io̍k
*** Tâi-lô: io̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iok
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɔk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: io̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /iok̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: yuwk
Rime :
| Character | 鬻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 余六切 |
| Baxter | yuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭuk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /i̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | juk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-quk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*luɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鬻 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*m-quk/ |
| English | nourish |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鬻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17541 |
| Phonetic component | 粥 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 育 |
| Old Chinese | /*luɡ/ |

#### Definitions

鬻
* (alt. form 𧶠, 儥／𰂏) (literary, or in compounds) to sell; to vend
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Bǎilǐ Xī zì yù yú qín yǎng shēng zhě, wǔ yáng zhī pí. [Pinyin]
    Bai Li Xi sold himself to a cattle-keeper of Qin for the skins of five rams.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to use; to usurp
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 育 (“to nourish”)

##### Synonyms

* (to sell):
* 出售 (chūshòu)
* 出賣 / 出卖 (chūmài)
* 售 (shòu)
* 售出 (shòuchū)
* 售賣 / 售卖 (shòumài)
* 經銷 / 经销 (jīngxiāo) (to sell on consignment)
* 賣 / 卖 (mài)
* 賣出 / 卖出 (màichū)
* 銷 / 销 (xiāo)
* 銷售 / 销售 (xiāoshòu)

#### Compounds

* 典鬻 (diǎnyù)
* 炫鬻
* 獯鬻 (Xūnyù)
* 破家鬻子
* 販官鬻爵 / 贩官鬻爵
* 買官鬻爵 / 买官鬻爵
* 賣兒鬻女 / 卖儿鬻女 (mài'éryùnǚ)
* 賣妻鬻子 / 卖妻鬻子
* 質妻鬻子 / 质妻鬻子
* 賣官鬻爵 / 卖官鬻爵 (màiguān yù jué)
* 賣官鬻獄 / 卖官鬻狱
* 賣爵鬻子 / 卖爵鬻子
* 雇妻鬻子
* 鬻兒賣女 / 鬻儿卖女
* 鬻子
* 鬻官賣爵 / 鬻官卖爵
* 鬻德
* 鬻文
* 鬻歌
* 鬻獄 / 鬻狱 (yùyù)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhōu, zhù (zhou$^1$, zhu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ, ㄓㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^1$
*** Yale: jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^4$
*** Yale: jù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zuk$^1$
*** Yale: jūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t-quk/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 鬻 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhōu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*t-quk/ |
| English | rice gruel |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||

#### Definitions

鬻
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 粥 (“congee”)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jū (ju$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jū
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
*** Wade–Giles: chü$^1$
*** Yale: jyū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
*** Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

鬻
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) young and small; immature

### References

* “鬻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “鬻”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 293.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to sell; to peddle

#### Readings

* Go-on: いく (iku)、しゅく (shuku)
* Kan-on: いく (iku)、しゅく (shuku)
* On: きく (kiku)、び (bi)
* Kun: かい (kai, 鬻)、かゆ (kayu, 鬻)、ひさぐ (hisagu, 鬻ぐ)、ひさく (hisaku, 鬻く)

#### Compounds

* 鬻(ひさき)人(びと) (hisakibito, “peddler”)
* 鬻(ひさき)女(め) (hisakime, “female peddler”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鬻: Hán Nôm readings: chúc, dục
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.