# حل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From the root ح ل ل (ḥ l l). Compare Hebrew חל.
The meaning of “sesame oil” may derive via a chain of calques from Akkadian 𒉌𒄑 (ellum), which is also homographic to 𒉌𒄑 (šamnum, “oil”), that, to build a bridge, might suggest that Aramaic חָלָא / ܚܠܐ (ḥallā) also had this meaning but has consistently been misread as more common “vinegar”, the etymon of Arabic خَلّ (ḵall, “vinegar”), if not other homographs, due to complete merger of ḥ and ḫ more likely than in Arabic itself where it also happens due to taṣḥīf.

#### Verb

حَلَّ • (ḥalla) I (non-past يَحُلُّ (yaḥullu), verbal noun حَلّ (ḥall))
* (transitive) to unfasten; to untie; to unknot; to unravel; to disentangle; to loosen
    Synonym: فَكَّ (fakka, “to unfasten; to unfix; to dislodge; to unscrew; to disjoint; to disintegrate; to disassemble; to unbuild; to deconstruct”)
    Antonyms: عَقَدَ (ʕaqada, “to tie; to knot”), رَبَطَ (rabaṭa, “to tie; to link”), سَلْسَلَ (salsala, “to chain; to serialize”), رَكَّبَ (rakkaba, “to assemble; to put together; to build up; to construct”), لَصَقَ (laṣaqa, “to paste; to glue”), صَمَّغَ (ṣammaḡa, “to glue”)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 20:27:وَاحْلُلْ عُقْدَةً مِّن لِّسَانِيwāḥlul ʕuqdatan min lisānī(please add an English translation of this quotation)
** (transitive) to solve, to find an answer to or a solution for (something, such as a problem); to untangle; to crack
* (transitive) to liquefy; to dissolve
    Synonyms: أَذَابَ (ʔaḏāba, “to dissolve; to melt; to thaw”), سَيَّحَ (sayyaḥa, “to melt”)
    Coordinate term: بَخَّرَ (baḵḵara, “to vaporize”)
    Antonyms: صَلَّبَ (ṣallaba, “to harden; to solidify”), جَمَّدَ (jammada, “to solidify; to refrigerate; to freeze”), ثَلَّجَ (ṯallaja, “to refrigerate; to ice, to glaciate; to freeze”)
** (transitive) to turn into a solution
* (transitive) to invalidate, to deprive of effective legal or otherwise binding power; to dissolve
    وعلى الرغم من أن القرآن يُؤكد كل النبوءات السابقة، إلا أنه يحل محلها، ويميز اللغة العربية كلغة لهذا الإلغاء.Although the Qur’an confirms all the previous prophecies, it invalidates them, and prefers Arabic as the language of this cancellation.
** (transitive) to breach (a contract, an agreement, an oath, and the like); to break
    Synonym: نَقَضَ (naqaḍa, “to break; to breach”)
* to settle; to approach
** 713AH/1313 CE, al baskari, darul habib:فَلَأَنْتَ أَنْتَ إِذَاْ حَلَلْتَ بــ: طَيْبَةٍFor when you, approach goodness(طيبة) (one of the names of Madinah)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: ħall

#### Verb

حَلَّ • (ḥalla) I (non-past يَحِلُّ (yaḥillu) or يَحُلُّ (yaḥullu), verbal noun حُلُول (ḥulūl))
* (intransitive) to dismount; to stop, to halt
* (intransitive or transitive) to stay, to settle [with بِ (bi) or فِي (fī) or accusative ‘in a place’; or with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘with someone’]
* (intransitive) to visit [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘someone’]
* (transitive) to live in, to reside in (a place)
    Synonyms: بَقِيَ (baqiya), أَقَامَ (ʔaqāma), قَرَّ (qarra), مَكَثَ (makaṯa), سَكَنَa (sakanaa, “to inhabit, to settle”), وَطَنَ (waṭana), عَاشَ (ʕāša), عَمَرَ (ʕamara, “to settle; to colonize”)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 13:31:وَلَا يَزَالُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا تُصِيبُهُم بِمَا صَنَعُوا قَارِعَةٌ أَوْ تَحُلُّ قَرِيبًا مِّن دَارِهِمْ حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِيَ وَعْدُ اللَّهِwalā yazālu llaḏīna kafarū tuṣībuhum bimā ṣanaʕū qāriʕatun ʔaw taḥullu qarīban min dārihim ḥattā yaʔtiya waʕdu l-lahiIf there were a recitation that could cause mountains to move, or the earth to split, or the dead to speak, «it would have been this Quran». But all matters are by Allah’s Will. Have the believers not yet realized that had Allah willed, He could have guided all of humanity? And disasters will continue to afflict the disbelievers or strike close to their homes for their misdeeds, until Allah’s promise comes to pass. Surely Allah never fails in His promise.
* (transitive) to occupy, to take (someone's place)
** 2018, وَجْدِيّ الْأَهْدَل [wajdiyy al-ʔahdal], أرض المؤامرات السعيدة, Bayrūt: Nawfal / Hachette Antoine, →ISBN, page 83:كان في أحد الأكياس تشكيلة من البسكويت القديم الذي اندثر من بقالات صنعاء وغيرها من المدن. هذه الأنواع من البسكويت كانت متوفرة عندما كنت صغيراً وعمري على ما أذكر 4–7 سنوات، ثمّ اختفت بالتدريج، وحلّت محلّها أصناف أخرى.In one of the bags there was a pack of ancient biscuits the kind of which disappeared from most grocers of Ṣanʻāʼ and other cities. This type of biscuit was widespread when I small and my age, as I remember, 4–7, then it left sight gradually, and other kinds took its place.
* to descend, to go down
* to occur, to happen [with بِ (bi) ‘to someone’]
    Synonyms: حَصَلَ (ḥaṣala, “to come about; to happen”), حَدَثَ (ḥadaṯa, “to happen; to eventuate”), جَرَى (jarā, “to occur”)
* to befall [with بِ (bi) or عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘someone’] (of punishment, suffering, hatred or something else negative)
    Synonyms: نَزَلَ (nazala, “to befall”), وَقَعَ (waqaʕa, “to befall”)
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 20:81:كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَلَا تَطْغَوْا فِيهِ فَيَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبِي وَمَنْ يَحْلِلْ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبِي فَقَدْ هَوَىٰkulū min ṭayyibāti mā razaqnākum walā taṭḡaw fīhi fayaḥilla ʕalaykum ḡaḍabī waman yaḥlil ʕalayhi ḡaḍabī faqad hawāEat of the good things wherewith We have provided you, and transgress not in respect thereof lest My wrath come upon you: and he on whom My wrath cometh, he is lost indeed.
* to overwhelm [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘someone’] (of sleep)
* to arrive, to begin (of a season or time)
* to become incarnate [with فِي (fī) ‘in someone’] (of God)

##### Conjugation
#### Verb

حَلَّ • (ḥalla) I (non-past يَحِلُّ (yaḥillu), verbal noun حَلَال (ḥalāl) or حِلّ (ḥill))
* (intransitive) to be or become permissible or lawful
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:229:وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًاwalā yaḥillu lakum ʔan taʔḵuḏū mimmā ʔātaytumūhunna šayʔanAnd it is not permissible for you that ye take aught of what ye have given them.

##### Conjugation
#### Noun

حَلّ • (ḥall) m (plural حُلُول (ḥulūl))
* verbal noun of حَلَّ (ḥalla) (form I)
* (countable) a solution
    لِكُلِّ مُشْكِلَةٍ أَلْفُ حَلٍّ.likulli muškilatin ʔalfu ḥallin.For every problem, there are a thousand solutions.
* (obsolete) sesame, or sesame oil
    Synonyms: زَيْت سِمْسِم (zayt simsim), سَلِيط (salīṭ), شِيرَج (šīraj), سِمْسِم (simsim), جُلْجُلَان (juljulān)
** 850–861, علي بن سهل ربن الطبري [ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban aṭ-Ṭabarī], edited by Oliver Kahl, ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban aṭ-Ṭabarī’s Health Regimen or “Book of the Pearl” كتاب اللؤلؤة (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 115), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →ISBN, § 252, page 153:وتعجن بدهن اللوز أو الحل، الشربة منه حبة إلى دانقين بسمن بقر أو بدهن الحل.And knead with almond oil or sesame oil, the dose of it is one pill to two dāniq, with butter or with sesame oil.
** a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 232 (fol. 22v,5–8), page 421:دهن الحلّ هو عند الرازي غير دهن السمسم وهو عند الإسرائيلي وفي كتاب مسيح دهن الحلّ أي الشيرج الذي لم يقشر سمسمه.Duhn al-ḥall is according to Rhazes not sesame oil but according to al-Isrāʾīlīy and Masīh duhn al-ḥall or šīraj is that where the sesame has not been peeled.

##### Descendants

* Moroccan Arabic: حل (ḥall)
* → Azerbaijani: həll
* → Armenian: հալ (hal)
* → Ottoman Turkish: حل (hal), հալլ (hall) — Armeno-Turkish
** Turkish: hal
** → Albanian: hall
** → Armenian: խալլ (xall)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

حُلْ • (ḥul) (form I) /ħul/
* second-person masculine singular imperative of حَالَ (ḥāla)

### Further reading

* Freytag, Georg (1830) “حل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 412a–413a
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “حل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 619a–621a
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, pages 291b–292b

## Moroccan Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħalː/

### Etymology 1

From Arabic حَلّ (ḥall).

#### Noun

حل • (ḥall) m (plural حلول (ḥulūl))
* solution

### Etymology 2

From Arabic حَلَّ (ḥalla).

#### Verb

حل • (ḥall) I (non-past يحل (yḥull))
* to loosen
    Synonym: فك (fakk)
* to open
    Synonym: فتح (ftaḥ)
* to solve

##### Conjugation
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* հալլ (hall) — Armeno-Turkish

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَلّ (ḥall).

### Noun

حل • (hal)
* untangling, unravelling, unfolding, unknotting
* solution, explanation, remedy
* melting, fusion
* (chemistry) analysis, dialysis

#### Descendants

* Turkish: hal
* → Albanian: hall
* → Armenian: խալլ (xall)

#### See also

* حال (hal, “situation”)
* خال (hal, “mother's brother”)
* خال (hal, “spot on the skin”)
* خل (hal, “vinegar”)
* خلع (hal, “removal”)

### References

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hal$^5$”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1845a
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 515ab
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 798f.

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَلّ (ḥall).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [hal]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häl]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häl]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäl]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäl̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [häl]

### Noun

حل • (hal)
* solving; resolution
    حل مسئله ― hal-e mas'ale ― problem solving
    حل منازعه ― hal-e monâza'e ― conflict resolution
* (chemistry) analysis, dialysis

#### Derived terms

* حل شدن (hal šodan, “to be solved”)
* حل کردن (hal kardan, “to solve”)
* حل‌شونده (hal-šavande, “soluble”)
* راه حل (râh-e hal, “solution; way of solving”)

#### Related terms

* تحلیل (tahlil)
* حلال (hallâl)
* محلول (mahlul)

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَلَّ (ḥalla).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħall/, [ħal]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

### Verb

حلّ • (ḥall) I (present بحلّ (biḥill))
* to solve, to resolve
* to undo, to untie, to unfold, to untether

#### Conjugation
## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَلّ (ḥall).

### Noun

حل • (hal) m (Hindi spelling हल)
* solution, resolution
    Synonym: سَمادھان (samādhān)

#### Derived terms

* حل کرنا (hal karnā, “to solve”)