# bile
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: bīl, IPA: /baɪl/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -aɪl

### Etymology 1

Mid 16th century, via Middle French, from Latin bīlis (“bile”).

#### Noun

bile (usually uncountable, plural biles)
* A bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion.
    Synonyms: bili-, chole-; gall (archaic)
* Bitterness of temper; ill humour; irascibility.
* Either of two of the four humours, black bile or yellow bile, in ancient and medieval physiology.
    Hyponyms: black bile, yellow bile
** 1890, Walter Scott, The Journal of Sir Walter Scott‎:I shall tire of my Journal if it is to contain nothing but biles and plasters and unguents.
** 1616, Alexander Roberts, A Treatise of Witchcraft‎:He spake out of the Pythonesse, Act. 16. 17. brought downe fire from heauen, and consumed Iobs sheepe 7000. and his seruants, raised a storme, strooke the house wherein his sonnes and daughters feasted with their elder brother, smote the foure corners of it, with the ruine whereof they all were destroyed, and perished: and ouerspread the body of that holy Saint their father with botches[t] and biles from the sole of his foot to the crowne of his head.

##### Derived terms

* atrabilious
* bile acid
* bile duct
* bileful
* bile pigment
* bile salt
* bile soap
* bilestone
* biliary
* biliary tract
* biligenesis
* bilious
* bilirubin
* biliuria
* black bile
* violet red bile agar
* yellow bile

##### Translations
### Etymology 2

Obsolete form of boil. Akin to Dutch buil and German Beule, all from Proto-Germanic *būlǭ.

#### Noun

bile (plural biles)
* (obsolete) A boil (kind of swelling).

#### Verb

bile (third-person singular simple present biles, present participle biling or bileing, simple past and past participle biled)
* Pronunciation spelling of boil.
** 1912, Stella George Stern Perry, Melindy, page 130:We pretty near biled ourselves and Miss Euly done got her bes' pink apron stained, an' I dropped Sis Suky's big kitchen spoon in de hogshead of sand […]

### References

* ↑ “bile”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* -ible, Biel, beli, Lieb

## Albanian
### Etymology 1

Either related to bolle pl (“testicles”), or a singularized plural of *bilë, from Proto-Albanian *beila, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH- (“to strike, beat”), in which case close to Proto-Germanic *bilją (“spike, peg, nail, axe, sword, blade”). Compare English bill, German Bille (“axe”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbilɛ/

#### Noun

bile f (plural bile, definite bilja, definite plural bilet)
* (childish) weenie (penis)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biˈlɛ/

#### Particle

bile
* (colloquial) Reinforces what has already been said; even, in fact, furthermore
    Synonym: madje
    bile bile ― as a matter of fact

### References

* “bile”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

## French
### Etymology

From Latin bilis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bil/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

bile f (uncountable)
* bile

#### Derived terms

* bile jaune
* bile noire
* bileux
* se faire de la bile

### Further reading

* “bile”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbʲɪlʲə/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish bile, from Proto-Celtic *belyom (“tree”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolh₃yom (“leaf”).

#### Noun

bile m (genitive singular bile, nominative plural bilí)
* tree, especially a large, ancient, sacred one
* scion; distinguished person

##### Derived terms

* bile buí (“corn marigold”)
* bile measa (“arbitrator”)
* biliúil (“tree-like, stately”, adjective)

### Etymology 2

See béal (“lip”)

#### Noun

bile m (genitive singular bile, nominative plural bilí)
* rim (of vessel)

### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
bile
bilí
vocative
a bhile
a bhilí
genitive
bile
bilí
dative
bile
bilí
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an bile
na bilí
genitive
an bhile
na mbilí
dative
leis an mbile don bhile
leis na bilí :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bile”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bile”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bīlis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbi.le/
* Rhymes: -ile
* Hyphenation: bì‧le

### Noun

bile f (plural bili)
* (physiology) bile
* anger

#### Derived terms

* biliare
* bilioso
* bilirubina
* biliverdina

#### See also

* fiele

### Anagrams

* beli

## Latin
### Noun

bīle
* ablative singular of bīlis

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

IPA: /²biːl.ə/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German bīle (“axe”).

#### Noun

bile f or m (definite singular bila or bilen, indefinite plural biler, definite plural bilene)
* An axe, espescially a broadaxe

### Etymology 2

From bil.

#### Verb

bile (present tense biler, past tense bilte, past participle bilt)
* To ride a car

### References

“bile” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

IPA: /²biːl.ə/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German bīle (“axe”).

#### Noun

bile f (definite singular bila, indefinite plural biler, definite plural bilene)
* An axe, espescially a broadaxe

### Etymology 2

From bil.

#### Verb

bile (present tense bilar or biler, past tense bila or bilte, past participle bila or bilt)
* To ride a car

### References

“bile” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbi.le/

### Noun

bile m
* bill of a bird
    Synonym: nebb
* trunk of an elephant
    Synonym: nypel

#### Descendants

* English: bill

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *belyos (“tree”), related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰolyo- (“leaf”). Cognate with Latin folium, Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon), and Old Armenian բողբոջ (bołboǰ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbʲilʲe/

### Noun

bile m (genitive bili, nominative plural bili)
* tree, especially a large, ancient, sacred one

#### Declension

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

#### Derived terms

* bilech, biledach

#### Descendants

* Irish: bile
* Manx: billey

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bile”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bilis.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbi.li/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbi.li/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈbi.le/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbi.lɨ/
* Hyphenation: bi‧le

### Noun

bile f (uncountable)
* gall; bile
    Synonyms: fel, bílis

## Romanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbile]

### Noun

bile f
* inflection of bilă:
** indefinite plural
** indefinite genitive/dative singular

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology 1

From Old Irish bél (“lip”). Related to beul.

#### Noun

bile f (genitive singular bile, plural bilean)
* lip (of mouth)
* rim (of container)
* brim (of hat)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bill.

#### Noun

bile m (genitive singular bile, plural bilean)
* bill (for law)

### References

* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 419

## Serbo-Croatian
### Alternative forms

* bilèsi

### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بیله (bile) (Turkish bile).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bǐle/
* Hyphenation: bi‧le

### Adverb

bìle (Cyrillic spelling бѝле)
* (regional) moreover, even
    bile je i on došao čak i oneven he came

### Participle

bile (Cyrillic spelling биле)
* feminine plural active past participle of biti

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biˈle/
* Hyphenation: bi‧le

### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish بیله (bile), from Old Anatolian Turkish بیله (bilä), from Proto-Turkic *bile (“with, together, also”). Compare Azerbaijani belə, Gagauz bilä. Doublet of ile.

#### Alternative forms

* bilem (Eastern Thrace, Erzurum)

#### Adverb

bile
* (dialectal or archaic, Ordu, Trabzon, Eastern Thrace, Rize, Adana, Osmaniye) together, with
    Synonym: beraber
    eve bile mi gittiniz? ― did you go home together?

#### Conjunction

bile
* even
    Synonym: dahi
    çocuk bile bunu anlayabilir ― even a child can understand this

#### Postposition

bile
* (archaic) Alternative form of ile
    yarın olsun, hayır bile gelsin ― let it be tomorrow, let it come with prosperity

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

bile (definite accusative bileyi, plural bileler)
* (Balıkesir, Denizli, Kütahya, Erzincan, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş, Edirne) Alternative form of bileği

##### Declension
### Further reading

* “bile”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
* “bile”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “bile”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

## West Frisian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Dutch bile or Middle Low German bîle, bîl (“axe”), both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bilją.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbilə/

### Noun

bile c (plural bilen, diminutive byltsje)
* axe

#### Further reading

* “bile”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

## Yola
### Etymology

From Middle English boillen, from Old French boillir. This is a vulgar pronunciation in Ireland.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /biːl/

### Verb

bile (simple past bilethe or bilo't)
* to boil

#### Derived terms

* biletha (“boiled”)

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26