# 觀念
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guānniàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄋㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gun$^1$ nim$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gon$^1$ niam$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kôn-ngiam
    (Hailu, HRS): gon$^ˋ$ ngiam$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): guon$^1$ ngiam$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): guăng-niêng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): guang$^1$ nieng$^5$ / guong$^1$ nieng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): koan-liām
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guêng$^1$ liêm$^6$ / guang$^1$ niam$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$kuoe-gni; $^1$kuoe-gnie
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guānniàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄋㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guanniàn
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^1$-nien$^4$
*** Yale: gwān-nyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanniann
*** Palladius: гуаньнянь (guanʹnjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gun$^1$ nim$^6$
*** Yale: gūn nihm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gun$^1$ nim$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gun$^1$ nim$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuːn⁵⁵ niːm²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gon$^1$ niam$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kᵘɔn³³ ⁿdiam³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn-ngiam
*** Hakka Romanization System: gon$^ˊ$ ngiam
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gon$^1$ ngiam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯am⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gon$^ˋ$ ngiam$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /kon⁵³ ŋiam³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: guon$^1$ ngiam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiam⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: guăng-niêng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ nˡiɛŋ²⁴²/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guang$^1$ nieng$^5$ [Phonetic: guang$^2$ nieng$^5$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: guang-niāng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ niɛŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: guong$^1$ nieng$^5$ [Phonetic: guong$^2$ nieng$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /kuoŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ niɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan-liām
*** Tâi-lô: kuan-liām
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koanliam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuan⁴⁴⁻²² liam²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan³³ liam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan⁴⁴⁻²² liam²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ liam³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ liam³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: guêng$^1$ liêm$^6$ / guang$^1$ niam$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kueng liĕm / kuang niăm
*** Sinological IPA : /kueŋ³³⁻²³ liem³⁵/, /kuaŋ³³⁻²³ niam³⁵/
* guêng1 liêm6 - Chaozhou;
* guang1 niam6 - Shantou.

### Noun

觀念
* notion; thought; concept; sense
* ideology; views; general impressions
    現代觀念／现代观念 ― xiàndài guānniàn ― modern ideology
       Nánzūnnǚbēi shì fēngjiànshèhuì yíliú xiàlái de sīxiǎng guānniàn, tā cuòwù de rènwéi nánrén bǐ nǚrén gāoguì. [Pinyin]
       The ideology of male domination and female subordination is handed down from feudal society and wrongly holds that males are nobler than females.

#### Synonyms

* (notion):
* 概念 (gàiniàn)
* 構思 / 构思 (gòusī)
* 構想 / 构想 (gòuxiǎng)
* 理念 (lǐniàn)
* 腦筋 / 脑筋 (nǎojīn)
* (ideology):
* 主義 / 主义 (zhǔyì) (chiefly as a suffix)
* 思想 (sīxiǎng)
* 思想意識 / 思想意识 (sīxiǎng yìshí)
* 思想體系 / 思想体系 (sīxiǎng tǐxì)
* 意識形態 / 意识形态 (yìshí xíngtài)

### Verb

觀念
* (Buddhism) to observe and contemplate one's thoughts

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 觀 | 念 |
| かん Hyōgai | ねん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

觀(かん)念(ねん) • (kannen)
* idea, concept
* sense
* resignation, acceptance

### Verb

觀(かん)念(ねん)する • (kannen suru) suru (stem 觀(かん)念(ねん)し (kannen shi), past 觀(かん)念(ねん)した (kannen shita))
* to resign to

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 觀念し | かんねんし | kannen shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 觀念し | かんねんし | kannen shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 觀念する | かんねんする | kannen suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 觀念する | かんねんする | kannen suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 觀念すれ | かんねんすれ | kannen sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 觀念せよ¹ 觀念しろ² | かんねんせよ¹ かんねんしろ² | kannen seyo¹ kannen shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 觀念される | かんねんされる | kannen sareru |
| Causative | 觀念させる 觀念さす | かんねんさせる かんねんさす | kannen saseru kannen sasu |
| Potential | 觀念できる | かんねんできる | kannen dekiru |
| Volitional | 觀念しよう | かんねんしよう | kannen shiyō |
| Negative | 觀念しない | かんねんしない | kannen shinai |
| Negative continuative | 觀念せず | かんねんせず | kannen sezu |
| Formal | 觀念します | かんねんします | kannen shimasu |
| Perfective | 觀念した | かんねんした | kannen shita |
| Conjunctive | 觀念して | かんねんして | kannen shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 觀念すれば | かんねんすれば | kannen sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 觀 | 念 |

### Noun

觀念 • (gwannyeom) (hangeul 관념)
* hanja form of 관념 (“idea; sense”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 觀 | 念 |

### Noun

觀念
* chữ Hán form of quan niệm (“opinion”).

### Verb

觀念
* chữ Hán form of quan niệm (“to think”).