# صباح
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Ge'ez ጽበሕ (ṣəbäḥ).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˤa.baːħ/

#### Noun

صَبَاح • (ṣabāḥ) m
* (Modern Standard Arabic) the time from sunrise to noon, morning
    Synonym: (literary) ضُحَا (ḍuḥā, “forenoon”)
    Antonym: مَسَاء (masāʔ, “evening”)
    صَبَاحُ الْخَيْر ― ṣabāḥu l-ḵayr ― Good morning
* (archaic) the time from morning twilight to sunrise, dayspring
    Synonyms: فَجْر (fajr, “dawn”), (literary) غَدَاة (ḡadāh, “daybreak”), (literary) بُكْرَة (bukra, “cockcrow”)
    Antonym: غَسَق (ḡasaq, “dusk”)
    Hypernym: نَهَار (nahār, “daytime”)

##### Derived terms

* صَبَاحَ مَسَاءَ (ṣabāḥa masāʔa)
* صَبَاحِيّ (ṣabāḥiyy)
* صَبَاحِيَّة (ṣabāḥiyya)

##### Related terms

* صُبْح (ṣubḥ)
* إِصْبَاح (ʔiṣbāḥ)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: sbieħ
* → Bengali: সাবাহ (sābāh)
* → Judeo-Tat: сэбэхь (səbəħ)
* → Northern Kurdish: sibê
* → Karaim: сабахъ
* → Middle Armenian: սաբահ (sabah), սապահ (sapah), սաբան (saban), սէպահ (sēpah), սաբախ (sabax)
* → Old Anatolian Turkish: صباح (säbāḥ)
** Azerbaijani: sabah
** Gagauz: sabaa
** Ottoman Turkish: صباح (sabah)
*** Turkish: sabah
*** → Crimean Tatar: saba
*** → Macedonian: сабајле (sabajle)
*** → Serbo-Croatian: sàbāh / са̀ба̄х
* → Tarifit: ṣṣbeḥ

### Etymology 2
#### Adjective

صُبَاح or صُبَّاح • (ṣubāḥ or ṣubbāḥ) (feminine صَبْحَى (ṣabḥā), common plural صِبَاح (ṣibāḥ) or صُبَاحَى (ṣubāḥā))
* pretty, comely, handsome, graceful

##### Synonyms

* صَبْحَان (ṣabḥān)
* صَبِيح (ṣabīḥ)
* صَبُوح (ṣabūḥ)

##### Related terms

* صَبَاحَة (ṣabāḥa, “beauty, grace”)

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

صِبَاح • (ṣibāḥ) m pl
* masculine plural of صَبِيح (ṣabīḥ)

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَبَاح (ṣabāḥ, “morning”).

### Noun

صباح • (sabah) (definite accusative صباحی (sabahı), plural صباحلر (sabahlar))
* morning, forenoon, the part of the day between sunrise and noon
    Synonym: بام (bam)

#### Derived terms

* صباح الخیر (sabahüʼl-hayr, “white patch on a horse's forehead”)
* صباح اولمق (sabah olmak, “to become morning”)
* صباح قالقیجی (sabah kalkıcı, “that wakes up in the morning”)
* صباح نمازی (sabah namâzı, “fajr, dawn prayer”)
* صباح وقتی (sabah vakiti, “daybreak”)
* صباح یلدزی (sabah yıldızı, “Venus, the morning star”)
* صباحجی (sabahcı, “early riser”)
* صباحخیز (sabahhiz, “who rises with the dawn”)
* صباحدن (sabahden, “from early morning”)
* صباحكی (sabahki, “in the morning”)
* صباحلاتمق (sabahlatmak, “to cause someone to stay awake until morning”)
* صباحلامق (sabahlamak, “to become morning”)
* صباحلاین (sabahleyin, “at daybreak”)
* صباحلری (sabahları, “in the morning”)
* صباحه چیقمق (sabaha çıkmak, “to wait for the morning”)
* صباحی (sabahî, “pertaining to the morning”)
* چین صباح (çin sabah, “just at daybreak”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: sabah
* → Crimean Tatar: saba
* → Macedonian: сабајле (sabajle)
* → Serbo-Croatian: sàbāh / са̀ба̄х

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “صباح”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 196
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sabah”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3993
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “sabâh”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1084
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “صباح”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 754
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Mane”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1000
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “صباح”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2928
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sabah”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “صباح”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1165

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَبَاح (ṣabāḥ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [sa.βɑːh]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.bɑːʱ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sä.bɑːʱ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sä.bɑː], [sʊ.bɑː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [su.bɔː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæ.bɒːʱ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sæ.bɒːʱ]
** (Tehrani) IPA: [se.bɒːʱ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [sä.bɔʱ]

### Adverb

صباح • (sabâh) (chiefly Dari or Eastern Iran)
* (typically colloquial) tomorrow

### Noun

صباح • (sabâh)
* morning
    Synonyms: صبح (sobh), پگاه (pagâh), بامداد (bâmdâd)
* (chiefly Dari or Eastern Iran, typically colloquial) tomorrow

### Further reading

* Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “صباح”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 240
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “صباح”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “صباح”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* “صباح”, in The Wilson English - Dari Dictionary (Webonary), SIL International, 2013