# tuli
## Bikol Central
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuˈli/ [tuˈl̪i]
* Hyphenation: tu‧li

### Noun

tulí (Basahan spelling ᜆᜓᜎᜒ)
* earwax

#### Derived terms

* hinuli

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈtu.li]
* Audio (Valencia):(file)

### Noun

tuli m (uncountable)
* thulium

## Cebuano
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *turiq.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: tu‧li
* IPA: /ˈtuliʔ/ [ˈt̪u.l̪ɪʔ]

### Noun

tuli
* the surgical removal/excision of the prepuce; circumcision
* (historical) dorsal slit
* the rite of circumcision

### Verb

tuli
* to circumcise
* to perform a dorsal slit
* (colloquial) to pierce the earlobe

### Adjective

tuli
* (of a man) having had the foreskin of the penis excised; circumcised; cut
* (of a man) having the glans exposed by a dorsal slit
* (colloquial) having the earlobe pierced

#### See also

* girlo
* islam

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tuli, from Proto-Uralic *tule.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtulʲi/, /ˈtuli/

### Noun

tuli (genitive tule, partitive tuld)
* fire
* light, lightsource
    Pane see tuli kustu.Put that light out.
* (chess) check

#### Derived terms

* jaanituli
* kahjutuli
* tuletorn

## Finnish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtuli/, [ˈt̪uli]
* Rhymes: -uli
* Hyphenation: tu‧li

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *tuli, from Proto-Uralic *tule. Related to Estonian tuli, Karelian tuli, Livonian tu'l´, Veps tuli, Votic tuli, Northern Sami dolla, Skolt Sami toll, Moksha тол (tol) and Tundra Nenets ту (tu). tuli has previously been typical of Eastern dialects, whereas western dialects used valkea.

#### Noun

tuli
* fire (reaction; burning)
    leikkiä tulella ― to play with fire
* fire (instance of this chemical reaction)
    Synonyms: (more common in this sense) tulipalo, palo
* Synonym of nuotio (“campfire”)
* fire, gunfire
    Synonym: tulitus
* (alchemy) fire (one of the basic elements)

##### Declension

Possessive forms of tuli (Kotus type 24/uni, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tuleni
tuleni
accusative
nom.
tuleni
tuleni
gen.
tuleni
genitive
tuleni
tulieni tulteni
partitive
tultani
tuliani
inessive
tulessani
tulissani
elative
tulestani
tulistani
illative
tuleeni
tuliini
adessive
tulellani
tulillani
ablative
tuleltani
tuliltani
allative
tulelleni
tulilleni
essive
tulenani
tulinani
translative
tulekseni
tulikseni
abessive
tulettani
tulittani
instructive
comitative
—tulineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tulesi
tulesi
accusative
nom.
tulesi
tulesi
gen.
tulesi
genitive
tulesi
tuliesi tultesi
partitive
tultasi
tuliasi
inessive
tulessasi
tulissasi
elative
tulestasi
tulistasi
illative
tuleesi
tuliisi
adessive
tulellasi
tulillasi
ablative
tuleltasi
tuliltasi
allative
tulellesi
tulillesi
essive
tulenasi
tulinasi
translative
tuleksesi
tuliksesi
abessive
tulettasi
tulittasi
instructive
comitative
—tulinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tulemme
tulemme
accusative
nom.
tulemme
tulemme
gen.
tulemme
genitive
tulemme
tuliemme tultemme
partitive
tultamme
tuliamme
inessive
tulessamme
tulissamme
elative
tulestamme
tulistamme
illative
tuleemme
tuliimme
adessive
tulellamme
tulillamme
ablative
tuleltamme
tuliltamme
allative
tulellemme
tulillemme
essive
tulenamme
tulinamme
translative
tuleksemme
tuliksemme
abessive
tulettamme
tulittamme
instructive
comitative
—tulinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tulenne
tulenne
accusative
nom.
tulenne
tulenne
gen.
tulenne
genitive
tulenne
tulienne tultenne
partitive
tultanne
tulianne
inessive
tulessanne
tulissanne
elative
tulestanne
tulistanne
illative
tuleenne
tuliinne
adessive
tulellanne
tulillanne
ablative
tuleltanne
tuliltanne
allative
tulellenne
tulillenne
essive
tulenanne
tulinanne
translative
tuleksenne
tuliksenne
abessive
tulettanne
tulittanne
instructive
comitative
—tulinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
tulensa
tulensa
accusative
nom.
tulensa
tulensa
gen.
tulensa
genitive
tulensa
tuliensa tultensa
partitive
tultaan tultansa
tuliaan tuliansa
inessive
tulessaan tulessansa
tulissaan tulissansa
elative
tulestaan tulestansa
tulistaan tulistansa
illative
tuleensa
tuliinsa
adessive
tulellaan tulellansa
tulillaan tulillansa
ablative
tuleltaan tuleltansa
tuliltaan tuliltansa
allative
tulelleen tulellensa
tulilleen tulillensa
essive
tulenaan tulenansa
tulinaan tulinansa
translative
tulekseen tuleksensa
tulikseen tuliksensa
abessive
tulettaan tulettansa
tulittaan tulittansa
instructive
comitative
—tulineen tulinensa :

##### Derived terms

* jäädä tuleen makaamaan
* oma tuli
* tuleentua
* tulehtua
* tuleton
* tulikko
* tulimmainen
* tulinen
* tulistua
* tulittaa
* tulukset
* aarnituli
* aarretuli
* aluetuli
* avotuli
* bengalintuli
* elotuli
* helkatuli
* häirintätuli
* ilmatorjuntatuli
* juhannustuli
* juhlatuli
* kaarituli
* kalevantuli
* kaliforniantuliunikko
* kertatuli
* kiirastuli
* kiväärituli
* kokkotuli
* konekiväärituli
* kranaatinheitintuli
* kranaattituli
* laakatuli
* leirituli
* merkkituli
* nuotiotuli
* olympiatuli
* pistetuli
* päretuli
* rakotuli
* revontulet
* ristituli
* rumputuli
* sarjatuli
* sulkutuli
* takkatuli
* tulenarka
* tulenavaus
* tulenjohtaja
* tulenjohto
* tulenkestävä
* tulenkuvaus
* tulenliekki
* tulenlieska
* tulennielijä
* tulenpalava
* tulenpunainen
* tulensiirto
* tulensuoja
* tulenteko
* tulenvarjostin
* tulialue
* tuliannos
* tuliase
* tuliasema
* tulihelttaseitikki
* tulihiili
* tuli-isku
* tulijousi
* tulikaste
* tulikeppi
* tulikettu
* tulikirjain
* tulikivi
* tulikoe
* tulikoira
* tulikomento
* tulikukka
* tulikulma
* tulikuuma
* tulikärpänen
* tulikääpiöahven
* tuliköynnös
* tulilaasti
* tulilanka
* tulilapio
* tulilatva
* tuliliemi
* tulilinja
* tulilintu
* tuliluikku
* Tulimaa
* tulimato
* tulimeri
* tulimuurahainen
* tulimyrsky
* tulineuvot
* Tuliniemi
* tulinopeus
* tuliopaali
* tulipallo
* tulipalo
* tulipalokärki
* tulipatteri
* tuliperäinen
* tulipesä
* tulipesäke
* tulipinta
* tulipolte
* tulipora
* tulipunainen
* tulipyörre
* tulipäähippiäinen
* tulirauta
* tulirepo
* tulirokko
* Tulisalo
* tulisielu
* tulisieluinen
* tulisija
* tulisilmäinen
* tulisoihtu
* tulisuudelma
* tulitaistelu
* tulitauko
* tuliterä
* tulitiili
* tulitikku
* tulitoiminta
* tulituki
* tulityö
* tulityöntekijä
* tuliunikko
* tulivaikutus
* tulivalmistelu
* tulivartiomies
* tulivoima
* tulivuori
* tuliylläkkö
* tuulastuli
* tuulastustuli
* tykistötuli
* tykkituli
* ulkotuli
* vastatuli
* virvatuli

#### References

* ↑ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “tuli”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎ (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01
* ↑ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

#### Further reading

* “tuli”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

tuli
* third-person singular past indicative of tulla

### Anagrams

* litu, luit, luti

## Hanunoo
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtuli/ [ˈtu.li]
* Rhymes: -uli
* Syllabification: tu‧li

### Noun

tuli (Hanunoo spelling ᜦᜳᜮᜲ) (anatomy)
* ear

### Further reading

* Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 283

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay tuli, from Proto-Malayic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈtuli/ [ˈt̪u.li]
* Rhymes: -uli
* Syllabification: tu‧li

### Adjective

tuli
* deaf
    Synonym: (dialectal) pekak

#### Derived terms

* ketulian
* menulikan

#### Compounds

* tuli bisu
* tuli kata

### Further reading

* “tuli” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Ingrian
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *tuli, from Proto-Uralic *tule. Cognates include Finnish tuli and Estonian tuli.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈtuli/, [ˈtulʲi]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈtuli/, [ˈtuli]
* Rhymes: -uli
* Hyphenation: tu‧li

#### Noun

tuli
* fire
* campfire
** 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:Oli jo pimmiä, kons möö näimmä pioneeriin tulen joen rannalt.It was already dark, when we saw the pioneers' fire from the river's shore.
* (usually in the partitive) lightning
** 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 71:Välimittee korjahuisivat pilvet, iski tulta, jyrisi, tipsahtelivat ensimäiset sorriat vihmatilkat.From time to time clouds gathered, lightning struck, it thundered, the first big raindrops fell.

##### Synonyms

* (lightning): valkia

##### Derived terms

* revontulet
* tulekas
* tulikerä
* tulilintu
* tulimato
* tulimuna
* tulipalo
* tulus

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈtuli/, [ˈtulʲi]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈtuli/, [ˈtuli]
* Rhymes: -uli
* Hyphenation: tu‧li

#### Verb

tuli
* third-person singular indicative past of tulla

### References

* Fedor Tumansky (1790) “тули”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 689
* V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 62
* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 606
* Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, page 58

## Italian
### Noun

tuli m
* plural of tulio

## Karelian
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tuli, from Proto-Uralic *tule. Cognates include Finnish tuli and Estonian tuli.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtuli/

### Noun

tuli (genitive tulen, partitive tuldu)
* fire

### References

* P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 15

## Latin
### Verb

tulī
* first-person singular perfect active indicative of ferō

### References

* “tuli”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “tuli”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "tuli", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuli/
* Rhymes: -uli, -li, -i

### Adjective

tuli (Jawi spelling تولي)
* deaf

#### Synonyms

* congek
* pekak

#### Derived terms

Regular affixed derivations:
* ketulian [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
* menulikan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
* buta tuli (“to act blindly”)

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: tuli

### References

* "tuli" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
* “tuli” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtu.li/
* Rhymes: -uli
* Syllabification: tu‧li

### Verb

tuli
* third-person singular present of tulić

## Pukapukan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *tuli.

### Noun

tuli
* plover

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic тоулити (tuliti), with senses from затулити (zatuliti, “to hide”), from Proto-Slavic *tuliti. Compare Bulgarian туля (tulja).

### Verb

a tuli (third-person singular present tulește, past participle tulit) 4th conjugation
* (popular, familiar, used in expressions) to run away, flee, leave
    Synonym: fugi
* (dialectal, dated) to descend, come down (such as from a mountain to a valley)
    Synonym: coborî
* (dialectal, dated) to hide
    Synonym: ascunde

#### Derived terms

* tule-o / tuleo / tulea

## Samoan
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Oceanic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

#### Adjective

tuli (used in the form tutuli)
* deaf

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *turi, from Proto-Oceanic *tur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.

#### Noun

tuli
* (anatomy) knee

##### Derived terms

* tulilima

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Polynesian *tuli.

#### Verb

tuli
* To chase.

### Etymology 4

From Proto-Polynesian *tuli.

#### Noun

tuli
* plover; sandpiper; curlew; godwit; whimbrel; small shorebird

## Swahili
### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Adjective

tuli
* quiet

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *turiq (cf. Hanunoo turi, Bikol Central turi, Cebuano tuli, Hiligaynon tuli, Maranao tori', Malay toreh). Also possibly related to Katuri, a little settlement on the river just opposite Cotabato where circumcision ceremonies were held in Maguindanao.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog)
** IPA: /ˈtuliʔ/ [ˈt̪uː.lɪʔ] (noun)
*** Rhymes: -uliʔ
** IPA: /tuˈliʔ/ [t̪ʊˈliʔ] (adjective)
*** Rhymes: -iʔ
* Syllabification: tu‧li

### Noun

tulì (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜎᜒ)
* circumcision
    Synonyms: pagtuli, pagtutuli, (obsolete) sunat, (obsolete) pagsusunat, (colloquial) binyag, (colloquial) pagbibinyag

#### Derived terms

* magtuli
* pagtuli
* pagtutuli
* tulian
* tuliin

### Adjective

tulî (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜎᜒ)
* circumcised
    Synonym: (obsolete) katan
    Antonyms: sungaw, supot

### Further reading

* “tuli”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Najeeb Mitry Saleeby (1905) Studies in Moro history, law, and religion‎, Manila, Bureau of Public Printing

### Anagrams

* ulit

## Tongan
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Oceanic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

#### Adjective

tuli
* deaf

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *tuli.

#### Verb

tuli
* To chase.

## Tuvaluan
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Oceanic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

#### Adjective

tuli
* deaf

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *turi, from Proto-Oceanic *tur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.

#### Noun

tuli
* (anatomy) knee; elbow

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Polynesian *tuli.

#### Noun

tuli
* plover

## Veps
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tuli, from Proto-Uralic *tule.

### Noun

tuli
* fire

#### Inflection
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Ultimately from New Latin thulium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [tu˧˧ li˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [tʊw˧˧ lɪj˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [tʊw˧˧ lɪj˧˧]
* Phonetic spelling: tu li

### Noun

tuli
* thulium

## Võro
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tuli, from Proto-Uralic *tule.

### Noun

tuli (genitive tulõ, partitive tuld)
* fire

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

## Votic
### Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tuli, from Proto-Uralic *tule.

### Pronunciation

* (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA: /ˈtuli/, [ˈtuli]
* Rhymes: -uli
* Hyphenation: tu‧li

### Noun

tuli
* fire

#### Inflection
### References

* Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

## Yakan
### Verb

tuli
* To sleep.

#### Derived terms

* patuli