# 棘

| 棘 | U+68D8, &#26840; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68D8 |
| ← 棗 [U+68D7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 棙 → [U+68D9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

棘 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木月木月 (DBDB), four-corner 5599$_2$, composition ⿰朿朿)

#### Derived characters

* 㻷 襋 䪂 蕀 僰 𠍷 𠒧 𠢠 𤏡 𫂡 𮥪 𭞧 𬮓

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 532, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14938
* Dae Jaweon: page 921, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1227, character 9
* Unihan data for U+68D8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 棘 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 棘 | *krɯɡ |
| 襋 | *krɯɡ |
| 蕀 | *krɯɡ |

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jí (ji$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gik$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kit
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiak / kek
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jí
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jí
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$
*** Yale: jí
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
*** Palladius: цзи (czi)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gik$^1$
*** Yale: gīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kit
*** Hakka Romanization System: gid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /kit̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiak
*** Tâi-lô: kiak
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiag
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiak̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek
*** Tâi-lô: kik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: keg
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪk̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: kik
Rime :
| Character | 棘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 紀力切 |
| Baxter | kik |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭək̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ki̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ji |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gik$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*krək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 棘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kik › |
| Old Chinese | /*krək/ |
| English | thorns |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 棘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5745 |
| Phonetic component | 棘 |
| Rime group | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 殛 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯɡ/ |

#### Definitions

棘
* jujube tree
* thorny bush; bramble
* thorns
* thorny
* to prick
* Synonym of 戟 (jǐ, “halberd”)

#### Compounds

* 披荊斬棘 / 披荆斩棘 (pījīngzhǎnjí)
* 披荊棘 / 披荆棘
* 撤棘
* 棘手 (jíshǒu)
* 棘蒬
* 滿地荊棘 / 满地荆棘
* 舉動荊棘 / 举动荆棘 (jǔdòngjīngjí)
* 荊棘 / 荆棘 (jīngjí)
* 荊棘佈道 / 荆棘布道
* 荊棘律 / 荆棘律
* 荊棘銅駝 / 荆棘铜驼
* 銅駝荊棘 / 铜驼荆棘

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): kik$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kik$^1$
*** Yale: kīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɪk̚⁵/

#### Definitions

棘
* (Cantonese) Alternative form of 撠 (kik1, “to be stuck”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: こく (koku)
* Kan-on: きょく (kyoku)
* Kun: いばら (ibara, 棘)、いら (ira, 棘)、とげ (toge, 棘)

#### Compounds

* 風棘(ふうきょく) (fūkyoku): tuberculous dactylitis

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 棘
* とげ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi

#### Alternative forms

* 刺

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とげ [tògéꜜ] (Odaka –)
* IPA: [to̞ɡe̞]

#### Noun

棘(とげ) • (toge)
* thorn

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 棘
* いばら Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
umara → ubara → ibara.

#### Alternative forms

* 茨, 荊

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いばら [ìbárá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [iba̠ɾa̠]

#### Noun

棘(いばら) or 棘(イバラ) • (ibara)
* a shrub with thorns: a bramble, a briar
* thorn
* a thorny flower of the genus Rosa: a rose

##### Derived terms

* 薔薇(ばら) (bara): any shrub with thorns: a bramble, a briar; a thorny flower of the genus Rosa: a rose

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

棘 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, Yale kuk)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

棘: Hán Nôm readings: gấc, cức
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.