# ser
## English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

ser
* Abbreviation of serial.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ser (plural sers)
* (historical) An old Indian unit of weight, equal to 80 tolas, or one fortieth of a maund.

### Etymology 3

From Middle English ser. Popularised in modern fantasy by George R. R. Martin in the A Song of Ice and Fire series starting in 1996.

#### Noun

ser (plural sers)
* (archaic, now chiefly fantasy) Alternative spelling of sir
    Would ser care to dine this evening?
** 1996, George R. R. Martin, A Game of Thrones: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book One, Bantam, →ISBN:"Ser Willem is a good man and true,” said Ser Oswell. “But not of the Kingsguard,” Ser Gerold pointed out.
** 2014 January 16, Miles Cameron, The Fell Sword, Hachette UK, →ISBN:Lady Mary – the Queen's handmaiden – was Ser Gawain's lady; her veil fluttered from his shoulder.
** 2023 July 21, Ivan Lekoski, Invictus, Austin Macauley Publishers, →ISBN:You don't strike me as an ordinary soldier, are you perchance Ser Lancelot Germaine of the Round Table?

### Anagrams

* res., ERs, res, RSE, RES, Res., ERS, SRE, ers, -ers, ESR

## Asturian
### Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseɾ/ [ˈseɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: ser

### Verb

ser
* to be

#### Conjugation

* Gramática de la Llingua Asturiana
* Normes ortográfiques
* Oslin-Ast

### Noun

ser m (plural seres)
* being

#### Derived terms

* ser humanu

## Baure
### Noun

ser
* tooth
    niser — my tooth
    eser — a tooth, someone's tooth
    nitorak to eser — I found a/someone's tooth

### References

* Languages of the Amazon (2012, →ISBN

## Catalan
### Alternative forms

* ésser

### Etymology 1

Perhaps borrowed from Aragonese or Spanish ser. Doublet of ésser.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈse]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈsə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈseɾ]
* Audio:(file)

#### Verb

ser (first-person singular present soc, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle estat or sigut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
* (intransitive) to be, to exist
    Ser o no ser, aquesta és la qüestió.To be or not to be, that is the question.
* (intransitive, +adverbial phrase) to be located (to be in a place)
    La Torre Eiffel és a París. ― The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.
* (transitive, copulative) to be (used to connect a noun to another noun)
* (transitive, copulative) to have a characteristic (used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes an inherent property)
* (auxiliary) auxiliary verb to form the passive voice, together with a past participle
    han estat enganyatsthey have been deceived

##### Usage notes

* This is one of two verbs that can be translated as to be, the other being estar. Ser/ésser indicates an inherent quality, whereas estar indicates temporary qualities that apply only at a particular time. Ser/ésser relates to estar as essence relates to state, etymologically as well as semantically.

##### Derived terms

* o sigui
* semblar ser
* som-hi

### Etymology 2

Nominalization of Etymology 1.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Valencia) [ˈser]
* IPA: (Balearic) unknown

#### Noun

ser m (plural sers)
* being (living creature)

### Further reading

* “ser” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “ser” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Chinese
### Etymology 1

From clipping of English server.

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): soe$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soe$^1$
*** Yale: sēu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soe$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sê$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœː⁵⁵/

#### Noun

ser
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) server (Classifier: 個／个 c; 部 c)

##### Derived terms

* 死ser

#### See also

* server

### Etymology 2

From clipping of English search.

#### Alternative forms

* sear

#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): soe$^1$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soe$^1$
*** Yale: sēu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soe$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sê$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœː⁵⁵/

#### Verb

ser
* (Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) to search on the Internet; to google

#### See also

* search (soe1 cyu4)

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɛr]
* Rhymes: -ɛr

### Verb

ser
* second-person singular imperative of srát

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seːr/, [seɐ̯ˀ]

### Verb

ser
* present of se

## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ser, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. The forms son (“I am”) and sodes pl (“you are”) derive from a Vulgar Latin *sonō and *sutis.
Along the way, the verb absorbed Old Galician-Portuguese seer < Latin sedēre (“sit”). The latter supplied the present subjunctive of modern ser, where /-ʃ-/ reflects Late Latin /-(d)j-/, as in sexa < sedeat).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseɾ/ [ˈs̺eɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Hyphenation: ser

### Verb

ser (first-person singular present son, first-person singular preterite fun, past participle sido) ser (first-person singular present sou, first-person singular preterite fum or fui, past participle sido, reintegrationist norm)
* (copulative) to be
    Brais é moi alto ― Brais is very tall.
* (auxiliary) to be; forms the passive voice [with past participle]
* (intransitive) to be (to have as one’s place of origin) [with de ‘from somewhere’]
* (intransitive) to be (someone’s); to belong to [with de ‘someone’]
* (intransitive) to be for; to be to (to have as its purpose) [with para (+ personal infinitive) or de (+ personal infinitive) ‘for doing something’]
* (intransitive) to be; indicates persistence or reiteration [with a (+ infinitive)]
** 1929, Antolín Santos Mediante, Escolma:anque o matrimoño é cruz, i eu negá-lo non pretendo, dous son a cargar con ela que sempre se alivia o pesoeven though the marriage is a cross, I don't mean to deny it, there are two carrying it, that always relieves the weight

#### Usage notes

Like Portuguese and Spanish, Galician has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”. The verb ser relates to essence, origin, or physical description. In contrast, the verb estar relates to current state or position.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* ser quen (“to be able to; to dare”)

### Noun

ser m (plural seres)
* being (living creature)

### See also

* estar

### Further reading

* “ser”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ser”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈʃɛr]
* Hyphenation: ser
* Rhymes: -ɛr

### Noun

ser (countable and uncountable, plural serek)
* (archaic, dialectal, humorous) Alternative form of sör (“beer”).

#### Usage notes

An archaic and dialectal variant of sör, but today it can also be humorous in informal conversations. In compound words and derivations, almost only sör is used.

#### Derived terms

* serfőző

### Further reading

* ser , redirecting to sör in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Italian
### Etymology

Clipping of messer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛr/
* Rhymes: -ɛr
* Hyphenation: sèr

### Noun

ser m
* (historical) sir (title and form of address for a gentleman, shortened from messer)
    Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ― Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (literally, “Leonardo son of Peter, from Vinci”)

## Javanese
### Romanization

ser
* Romanization of ꦱꦼꦂ

## Ladino
### Verb

ser (Hebrew spelling סיר)
* to be

## Lolopo
### Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *swa² (Bradley), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Burmese သွား (swa:), Japhug tɯɕɣa, Tibetan སོ (so), Drung sa, Tedim Chin ha:², Jingpho wa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sə²¹]

### Noun

ser
* (Yao'an) tooth

## Mauritian Creole
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛː/

### Etymology 1

From French sœur.

#### Noun

ser
* sister
    Synonym: didi

### Etymology 2

From French cher.

#### Adjective

ser
* dear
* expensive

## Middle Dutch
### Noun

ser
* (title and pronoun) sir, lord
** 1301-1350, Van den VII vroeden van binnen Rome. Een dichtwerk der XIVde eeuw (INL)
    Garijn, ser Diederecs soneGarijn, sir Diederec's son
** 1414, Hennen van Merchtenen's Cornicke van Brabant (INL)
    Als ijemen sterven plach, hinc men daer teken ser wapen(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Further reading

* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “ser (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

## Middle English
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

ser
* Alternative form of sire
** 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, page 40:And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ser
* Alternative form of sere (“dry”)

### Etymology 3
#### Adjective

ser
* Alternative form of sere (“differing”)

## Mirandese
### Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseɾ/

### Verb

ser
* to be (indicates a permanent quality)

#### Conjugation
### Noun

ser m (plural seres)
* being

### See also

* star

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Iranian *cŕ̥Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has (“head, top”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os, derived from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”). As used in the sense of "over" displaced wer, which got the sense of "around" instead.

#### Alternative forms

* serî

#### Noun

ser m (Arabic spelling سەر)
* (anatomy) head
    Synonym: kelle
* point, tip
* beginning, start
* end, extremity
* (colloquial, vulgar) penis, dick

##### Derived terms

* bi ser keftin ("to succeed")
* birin serî ("to bring to an end, get it over with")
* ser dan ("to visit")
* sereke ("main")
* serok, serek ("president")
* bi ser va bûn ("to belong to")
* va ser kirin, bi ser va kirin, kirin ser, bi ser xistin ("to add, put on")
* bi ser da birin ("to deceive, tempt")

### Etymology 2

Same as above.

#### Preposition

ser (Arabic spelling سەر)
* on, on top (with li (“on; at”))
    Antonym: bin
    li ser maseyê ― on the table
* over (with bi (“with”) or di ... re (“through”))
    di ser me ra bihurî ― passed over us
    bi ser ketin ― win, win over; literally "get over, get on top"

### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ser I”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 2), volume 2, London: Transnational Press, page 233
* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ser II”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 2), volume 2, London: Transnational Press, page 234

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seːr/
* Rhymes: -eːr

### Verb

ser
* present of se

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seːr/, /ʂeːr/

### Verb

ser
* present of sjå

## Pohnpeian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛr/

### Verb

ser
* (intransitive) to run aground

### Interjection

ser
* An exclamation used to attract the attention of two or more people.

## Polish
### Alternative forms

* syr (obsolete)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish syr, from Proto-Slavic *syrъ. Doublet of żur.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɛr/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛr
* Syllabification: ser
* Homophone: sir

### Noun

ser m inan (diminutive serek, related adjective serowy or (obsolete) serny)
* (uncountable) cheese (dairy product made from curdled or cultured milk)
    Hypernym: nabiał
* (countable) cheese (any particular variety of cheese)
* (countable) cheese (piece of cheese, especially one moulded into a large round shape during manufacture)
    Hypernym: porcja

#### Derived terms

* serowaty
* ser biały
* ser krowi
* ser pleśniowy
* ser śmietankowy
* ser topiony
* ser wegański
* ser żółty
* sernica
* sernik
* serojadka
* serowar
* serowiatka
* serowiec
* serownia
* cieszyć się jak głupi do sera impf
* śmiać się jak głupi do sera impf

#### Related terms

* sernikowy
* serowarski
* serniczek
* serowarnia
* serowarstwo
* serowatość
* serowacieć impf

### Further reading

* ser in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* ser in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “ser”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ser, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. The forms sou (“I am”) and sois pl (“you are”) derive from a Vulgar Latin *sonō and *sutis.
Along the way, the verb absorbed Old Galician-Portuguese seer < Latin sedēre (“sit”). The latter supplied the present subjunctive of modern ser, where /-ʒ-/ reflects Late Latin /-(d)j-/, as in seja < sedeat).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈse(ʁ)/ [ˈse(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈse(ʁ)/ [ˈse(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /ˈse(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈse(ʁ)/ [ˈse(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈse(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈseɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈseɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ˈse.ɾi/
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Homophones: sê (Brazil), cê (Brazil) (with -r dropping)
* Hyphenation: ser

### Verb

ser (first-person singular present sou, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle sido)
* (copulative) to be (to have the given quality), especially a quality that is intrinsic or not expected to change, contrasting with estar which denotes a temporary quality
    Ela está bonita, mas não é bonita.She is looking beautiful, but she is not beautiful.
* (transitive) to be (to be an example or type of, or the same as)
    Pessoas são mamíferos.People are mammals.
    A soma de um e dois é três.The sum of one and two is three.
* (auxiliary) to be; forms the passive voice [with past participle]
    O carro foi vendido pelo seu antigo dono.The car was sold by its previous owner.
    Espero que os criminosos sejam punidos.I hope the criminals are punished.
* (intransitive) to be; indicates a point in time
    Que horas são?What time is it?
    São cinco horas.It is five o’clock.
* (intransitive) to be in (to be located in) [with em ‘location’ or another locational preposition or adverb]
    Synonyms: ficar em, localizar-se em
    Minha casa é num bairro pobre.My house is in a poor neighbourhood.
    Onde são essas cidades?Where are these cities?
* (intransitive) to be (to have as one’s place of origin) [with de ‘from somewhere’]
    Synonym: vir de
    Esses equipamentos são da Alemanha.These pieces of equipment are from Germany.
    Nenhum de nós é de um país estrangeiro.None of us is from a foreign country.
* (intransitive) to be (someone’s); to belong to [with de ‘someone’]
    Synonym: pertencer a
    Essa casa é do prefeito.This house belongs to the mayor.
    Não mexa em nada que não for seu.Don’t touch anything that is not yours.
* (intransitive) to be for; to be to (to have as its purpose) [with para (+ personal infinitive) or de (+ personal infinitive) ‘for doing something’]
    Synonym: servir para
    Esse tipo de faca é para cortar tomates.This type of knife is for cutting tomatoes.
* (impersonal) to be supposed to; should; introduces an expected or demanded action [with para (+ subject pronoun (optional) with personal infinitive)]
    Synonym: dever
    Não sei porque está demorando, já era para o filme ter começado.I don’t know why it is taking so long, the film should have started already.
    É para comermos toda a carne.We are supposed to eat all the meat.
* (transitive) to be; to cost (to be worth a given amount of money)
    Synonyms: custar, valer
    Duas maçãs são dez centavos.Two apples are ten cents.
* (intransitive) to happen; to take place; to occur
    Synonyms: acontecer, haver, ocorrer, ter, produzir-se, realizar-se, sobrevir, suceder
    O que será, será.Whatever happens happens.
    Quando é seu aniversário?When is your birthday?
* (intransitive) to be against or in favour of [with a favor de ‘in favor of’; or with contra ‘against’]
    Alguns foram contra a guerra, mas a maioria foi a favor.Some were against the war, but most were in favour.
* (poetic, intransitive) to exist; to be
    O mal não é.Evil does not exist.
* (impersonal, transitive) used for emphasis
    Eu é que vim.I’m the one who came here.

#### Usage notes

Portuguese has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”: generally ser relates to essence, contrasting with estar, which relates to state.
Contrast the following:
* O homem está feliz. ― The man is [currently] happy.
* O homem é feliz. ― The man is [always] happy.
* Você está louco? ― Are you crazy [acting or currently insane]?
* Você é louco? ― Are you crazy [permanently insane]?
* Ela está em casa. ― She is [currently] at home.
* Ela é do Brasil. ― She is [originally] from Brazil.
* Ela está no Brasil. ― She is [currently] in Brazil.

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ser.

#### Synonyms

* (forms the passive voice): any reflexive pronoun

#### See also

* estar
* ter
* haver

### Noun

ser m (plural seres)
* being (a living creature)
    Synonyms: criatura, ente

#### Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ser.

#### Derived terms

* ser humano
* ser vivo

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin serum, French sérum. Cf. also zer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ser/

### Noun

ser n (plural seruri)
* serum

#### Declension
## Romansch
### Verb

ser (Sursilvan)
* Alternative form of seser

## Slovene
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *śěrъ.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /séːr/

#### Adjective

sẹ̑r (comparative bȍlj sẹ̑r, superlative nȁjbolj sẹ̑r)
* (archaic) grey, gray (color/colour)
    Synonym: siv

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛ́ːr/

#### Noun

sȇr m anim
* vulture of the genus Gypaetus
    brkati ser ― bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus)

##### Declension
### Further reading

* “ser”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
* “ser”, in Termania, Amebis
* See also the general references

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse. The form sois pl (“you are”) derives from a Vulgar Latin *sutis.
Along the way, the verb absorbed Old Spanish seer < Latin sedēre (“sit”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈseɾ/ [ˈseɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: ser

### Verb

ser (first-person singular present soy, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle sido)
* to be (essentially or identified as)
    Yo soy de los Estados Unidos. ― I am from the United States.
    Errar es humano. ― To err is human.
** 2007, El Sueño de Morfeo, Nada es Suficiente:¿Qué voy a ser si te he dado lo que soy?What am I going to be if I've given you what I am?
** 2007, El Sueño de Morfeo, Para Toda la Vida:Si fueras una gota de agua, nadie volvería a tener sedIf you were a drop of water, no one would thirst again
* to be (in the passive voice sense)
    La guitarra fue tocada. ― The guitar was played.
* to exist; to occur
    La fiesta será mañana. ― The party will be tomorrow.

#### Usage notes

Spanish has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as "to be": ser, which relates to essence, and estar, which relates to state; these verbs are generally not interchangeable. Contrast the following:
* El hombre está feliz. ― The man is happy [currently].
* El hombre es feliz. ― The man is happy [i.e., a joyous person].
* ¿Estás loco? ― Are you crazy [i.e., currently out of your mind]?
* ¿Eres loco? ― Are you crazy [i.e., an insane person]?
* El hombre está en España. ― The man is [currently] in Spain.
* El hombre es de España. ― The man is [originally] from Spain.
* ¿Cómo estás? ― How are you?
* ¿Cómo eres? ― What are you like?
The "essence/state" distinction between the two verbs is often misinterpreted as a "permanent/temporary" distinction. In most contexts these distinctions are practically synonymous (including all of the above examples) but there exist cases in which they are not, and using the latter distinction can lead one to choosing the incorrect verb. For example:
* Mi abuelito está muerto. ― My grandad is dead. (Here está is used instead of es because death is a state, even though it is permanent.)
* ¡Todavía somos jóvenes! ― We are still young! (Here somos is used instead of estamos because a person's age is seen as a defining characteristic rather than a state, even if it is not permanent.)
Also, when stating the location of an object (but not an event), estar is used, regardless of whether the location is permanent or not:
* Madrid está en el centro de España. ― Madrid is in central Spain.

#### Conjugation

In the preterite indicative and the imperfect and future subjunctive, the conjugation of ser is identical to that of ir ("to go"). Thus, for example, yo fui can mean either "I was" or "I went", depending on context.
$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Derived terms

* a no ser que
* a poder ser
* allá donde fueres, haz lo que vieres
* como sea
* érase que se era
* érase una vez
* es lo que hay
* es que
* llegar a ser
* lo que sea
* no puede ser
* no vaya a ser que
* o sea
* razón de ser
* sea como fuere
* sea cual fuere
* sea lo que fuera
* sea lo que sea
* ser de

#### See also

* estar

### Noun

ser m (plural seres)
* a being, organism
* nature, essence
* value, worth

#### Related terms

* ser humano
* ser querido
* ser supremo

### Further reading

* “ser”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /seːr/

### Verb

ser
* present indicative of se

### Anagrams

* ers, res

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from English sir, from Middle English sir, unstressed form of sire, borrowed from Old French sire (“master, sir, lord”), from Latin senior (“older, elder”). Doublet of senyor.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈseɾ/ [ˈsɛɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: ser

### Noun

ser (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ᜔) (colloquial)
* sir (a respectful term of address to a man of higher rank or position (often older), especially if his name or proper title is unknown)
    Synonyms: ginoo, maginoo

#### Related terms

* mamsir

#### See also

* Don

## Turkish
### Etymology 1

From Persian سر (sar).

#### Noun

ser (definite accusative seri, plural serler)
* (archaic) head

##### Synonyms

* (head): baş, kafa

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

ser
* second-person singular imperative of sermek

## Volapük
### Numeral

ser
* zero

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Old Welsh serr, Proto-Celtic *serrā. Cf. Middle Irish serr.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɛr/

### Noun

ser m (plural serrod or serroedd, not mutable)
* billhook, sickle, scythe
* (dictionary) sword

#### Synonyms

* (scythe): pladur

### References

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ser”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN