# ina
## Translingual
### Symbol

ina
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Interlingua.

## Afar
### Etymology

Related to Amharic እናት (ʼənnat).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iˈna/ [ʔɪˈnʌ]
* Hyphenation: i‧na

### Noun

iná f (plural inaaní f or inontí f)
* mother

#### Declension

absolutive
iná
predicative
iná
subjective
iná
genitive
iná
Postpositioned forms
l-case
inál
k-case
inák
t-case
inát
h-case
ináh :

#### Coordinate terms

* abbá (“father”)

#### Derived terms

* ullat-iná
* urriiná

### References

* E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ina”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

## Akar-Bale
### Noun

ina
* water

### References

* M. V. Portman, Notes on the Languages of the South Andaman Group of Tribes (1898)

## Akkadian
### Etymology

Unknown.

### Pronunciation

* (Old Babylonian) IPA: /ˈi.na/

### Preposition

ina (from Old Akkadian on)
* (place) in, on, onto
    𒀀𒉿𒅋𒌈 𒌑𒌌 𒄿𒈾 𒀀𒊮 𒅇 𒌑𒌌 𒄿𒈾 𒆠𒊑𒅎 𒊭𒀝𒈾𒀜[awīltum ul ina eqlim u ul ina kirîm šaknat]a-wi-il-tum u₂-ul i-na A.ŠA₃ u₃ u₂-ul i-na ki-ri-im ša-ak-na-atThe woman is neither in the field nor in the orchard.
* (time) on, at
* (time) during
* among
* from, out of
* (instrumental) with, by means of
* (material) of, out of, with
* (causal) because of, as a result of
* (with subjunctive) so long as

#### Usage notes

* Frequently abbreviated to in with assimilation of /n/ to the following consonant (often in Old Assyrian, passim in Old Babylonian, occasionally in Standard Babylonian).

#### Alternative forms

* in (Old Akkadian, Old Babylonian, Standard Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian)
* i (Old Assyrian)

#### Related terms

* ina lā
* ina lā īdê

### References

* “ina”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011

## Aklanon
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʔinah/

### Noun

iná
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Amis
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* “Entry #”, in 阿美語中部方言辭典 [Dictionary of the Central Dialect of Amis]‎ (in Chinese), Taiwan: Council of Indigenous Peoples, 2021
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Asilulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Balinese
### Romanization

ina
* Romanization of ᬳᬶᬦ

## Biak
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Bikol Central
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

#### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: i‧na
* IPA: /ʔiˈnaʔ/ [ʔiˈn̪aʔ]

#### Noun

inâ (masculine ama)
* mother (female (human) who parents a child, gives birth to a baby, or is pregnant)
    Synonyms: inay, mama, nanay, mamay

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: i‧na
* IPA: /ˈʔinaʔ/ [ˈʔi.n̪aʔ]

#### Verb

inà
* to subtract, to decrease (in number)
    Synonym: restar
* to lessen
    Synonym: bawas

##### Derived terms

* inaan
* mag-ina
* pag-ina

## Bima
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Buginese
### Etymology

From Proto-South Sulawesi *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina (Lontara spelling ᨕᨗᨊ)
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Casiguran Dumagat Agta
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ína
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Cebuano
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: i‧na
* IPA: /ʔiˈna/ [ʔɪˈn̪a]

### Noun

iná
* (obsolete) mother
    Synonyms: inahan, mama, nanay

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Central Bontoc
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ína
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Chayuco Mixtec
### Etymology

From Proto-Mixtec *ínà.

### Noun

ina
* dog

#### Derived terms

* ina ndiquɨhɨ
* ina nduvahu

### References

* Pensinger, Brenda J. (1974) Diccionario mixteco-español, español-mixteco (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 18)‎ (in Spanish), México, D.F.: El Instituto Lingüístico de Verano en coordinación con la Secretaría de Educación Pública a través de la Dirección General de Educación Extraescolar en el Medio Indígena, pages 16, 115

## Chinook Jargon
### Etymology

From a Lower Chinookan noun: i-ʔína

### Noun

ina
* beaver (animal)

## Coastal Kadazan
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Cuyunon
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Eastern Bontoc
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From -ino +‎ -a.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [ˈina]
* Rhymes: -ina
* Hyphenation: in‧a

### Adjective

ina (accusative singular inan, plural inaj, accusative plural inajn)
* female, feminine
    Synonyms: femala, femina

#### Coordinate terms

* iĉa (“male”) (neologism)
* malina (“male”)
* maskla (“male”)
* vira (“male”)

## Finnish
### Etymology

Unknown. Related to dialectal Swedish ena, ina; probably borrowed in one direction or another.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈinɑ/, [ˈinɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -inɑ
* Hyphenation: ina

### Noun

ina
* Synonym of kierrenuotta.

#### Declension

Possessive forms of ina (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
inani
inani
accusative
nom.
inani
inani
gen.
inani
genitive
inani
inojeni inaini $^{rare}$
partitive
inaani
inojani
inessive
inassani
inoissani
elative
inastani
inoistani
illative
inaani
inoihini
adessive
inallani
inoillani
ablative
inaltani
inoiltani
allative
inalleni
inoilleni
essive
inanani
inoinani
translative
inakseni
inoikseni
abessive
inattani
inoittani
instructive
comitative
—inoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
inasi
inasi
accusative
nom.
inasi
inasi
gen.
inasi
genitive
inasi
inojesi inaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
inaasi
inojasi
inessive
inassasi
inoissasi
elative
inastasi
inoistasi
illative
inaasi
inoihisi
adessive
inallasi
inoillasi
ablative
inaltasi
inoiltasi
allative
inallesi
inoillesi
essive
inanasi
inoinasi
translative
inaksesi
inoiksesi
abessive
inattasi
inoittasi
instructive
comitative
—inoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
inamme
inamme
accusative
nom.
inamme
inamme
gen.
inamme
genitive
inamme
inojemme inaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
inaamme
inojamme
inessive
inassamme
inoissamme
elative
inastamme
inoistamme
illative
inaamme
inoihimme
adessive
inallamme
inoillamme
ablative
inaltamme
inoiltamme
allative
inallemme
inoillemme
essive
inanamme
inoinamme
translative
inaksemme
inoiksemme
abessive
inattamme
inoittamme
instructive
comitative
—inoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
inanne
inanne
accusative
nom.
inanne
inanne
gen.
inanne
genitive
inanne
inojenne inainne $^{rare}$
partitive
inaanne
inojanne
inessive
inassanne
inoissanne
elative
inastanne
inoistanne
illative
inaanne
inoihinne
adessive
inallanne
inoillanne
ablative
inaltanne
inoiltanne
allative
inallenne
inoillenne
essive
inananne
inoinanne
translative
inaksenne
inoiksenne
abessive
inattanne
inoittanne
instructive
comitative
—inoinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
inansa
inansa
accusative
nom.
inansa
inansa
gen.
inansa
genitive
inansa
inojensa inainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
inaansa
inojaan inojansa
inessive
inassaan inassansa
inoissaan inoissansa
elative
inastaan inastansa
inoistaan inoistansa
illative
inaansa
inoihinsa
adessive
inallaan inallansa
inoillaan inoillansa
ablative
inaltaan inaltansa
inoiltaan inoiltansa
allative
inalleen inallensa
inoilleen inoillensa
essive
inanaan inanansa
inoinaan inoinansa
translative
inakseen inaksensa
inoikseen inoiksensa
abessive
inattaan inattansa
inoittaan inoittansa
instructive
comitative
—inoineen inoinensa :

### References

* ↑ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

## Gothic
### Romanization

ina
* Romanization of 𐌹𐌽𐌰

## Hungarian
### Etymology

ín +‎ -a (possessive suffix)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈinɒ]
* Hyphenation: ina

### Noun

ina
* third-person singular single-possession possessive of ín

#### Declension
## Iban
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Igala
### Etymology

Cognate with Yoruba iná.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /í.ná/

### Noun

íná
* head louse; lice

## Irish
### Alternative forms

* ’na
* na (nonstandard)
* i n-a (superseded)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɪnˠə/

### Particle

ina (triggers eclipsis, in regular past tenses inar)
* in which, in whom (indirect relative; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)
    san aois ina bhfuil sé ― at his age (lit. in the age in which he is)
    an chathaoir ina dúirt sé é ― the chair in which he said it

#### Usage notes

“In which” may also be expressed with the indirect relative particle before the verb and the appropriate inflected form of i in its original position in the clause:
* san aois a bhfuil sé ann ― at his age (lit. in the age which he is in)
* an chathaoir a dúirt sé inti é ― the chair which he said it in

### Contraction

ina
* Contraction of i (“in”) + a (various meanings).
    ‘in his’ (triggers lenition): ina phóca — ‘in his pocket’
    ‘in her’ (triggers h-prothesis): ina háit — ‘in her place, instead of her’
    ‘in their’ (triggers eclipsis: ina dteach — ‘in their house’
    ‘in which’ (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of irregular verbs): ina bhfuil sé — ‘in which he is’

#### Related terms

| Basic form | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Copular forms | Copular forms | Copular forms |
| Basic form | an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) |
| de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh |
| i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inar | inarb | inarbh |
| le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh |
| ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh |
| trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh |
| *Dialectal. |||||||||||

## Isnag
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

inā
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Itawit
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

iná
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Ivatan
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Japanese
### Romanization

ina
* Rōmaji transcription of いな

## Kambera
### Etymology

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother (female (human) who parents a child, gives birth to a baby, or is pregnant)

## Kankanaey
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Kankanaey)
** IPA: /ʔiˈna/ [ʔiˈna] (“mother”)
*** Rhymes: -a
** IPA: /ˈʔina/ [ˈʔiː.nʌ] (“mother of the speaker”)
*** Rhymes: -ina
* Syllabification: i‧na

### Noun

iná
* mother
* a relationship between the speaker and any female relative at the first ascending generation

### Noun

ína
* (specifically) the mother of the speaker

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
* Morice Vanoverbergh (1933) “ina”, in A Dictionary of Lepanto Igorot or Kankanay. As it is spoken at Bauco (Linguistische Anthropos-Bibliothek; XII)‎, Mödling bei Wien, St. Gabriel, Österreich: Verlag der Internationalen Zeitschrift „Anthropos“, →OCLC, page 187
* Allen, Larry (2021) “iná”, in Kankanaey – English Dictionary‎, Summer Institute of Linguistics

## Karao
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Kikuyu
### Etymology

Hinde (1904) records kuina as an equivalent of English sing in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also “Ulu dialect” (spoken then from Machakos to coastal area) of Kamba kwina as its equivalent.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ina/

### Verb

ina (infinitive kũina)
* to dance
* to sing

#### Derived terms

(Verbs)
* kũinia

#### See also

* (to sing): gũkũya

### References

* ↑ Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 52–53. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 361. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
* “ina” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

## Komodo
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Kott
### Alternative forms

* ина

### Numeral

ina
* (cardinal number) two

### References

* Бутанаев В.Я. (1992) Хакасско-кетские лексические параллели

## Latin
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “sinew, tendon”).

### Noun

īna f (genitive īnae); first declension
* A thin fibre in paper

#### Declension

First-declension noun.

### References

* “ina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* ina in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Leti
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Limos Kalinga
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

iná
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Maguindanao
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Makasar
### Etymology

From Proto-South Sulawesi *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* (obsolete) mother
    Synonym: anrong

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Malay
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ina/
* (Johor-Selangor, Riau-Lingga) IPA: /inə/
* Rhymes: -ina

### Noun

ina (Jawi spelling اينا, plural ina-ina, informal 1st possessive inaku, 2nd possessive inamu, 3rd possessive inanya)
* mother
    Synonyms: emak, embok, ibu, injin, mama, nyak, uai, umm

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: (dialectal) ina

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

### Further reading

* “ina” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Mansaka
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

inà
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Mayoyao Ifugao
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

iná
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Mentawai
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Motu
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Nauna
### Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Ngadha
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Nias
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina (mutated form nina)
* mother
    inagu ― my mother

### References

* ↑ Brown, Lea (2005) "Nias." In Adelaar, Alexander & Nikolaus P. Himmelmann (eds.) The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar, p. 571. Abingdon: Routledge. →ISBN

### Further reading

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Ojibwe
### Alternative forms

* na (form used after a vowel)

### Particle

ina
* question marker for yes/no questions (always placed after the first word in the sentence; used after words ending in a consonant)
    da-gimiwan ina?Is it going to rain?
    Giwiisin ina?Are you eating?
    but: Gigii-anokii na bijiinaago?
       Did you work yesterday?

## Old Javanese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ina/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

#### Noun

ina
* mother
    Synonyms: babu, bibi, ibu, iduṅ, inaṅ, induṅ, janmayoni, mātā, matuh, rena

### Etymology 2

Probably borrowed from Sanskrit दिन (dina, “a day”) as /d/ → /r/ (compare Javanese ꦫꦶꦤ (rina)) → /h/ → ∅, hence doublet of dina.

#### Noun

ina
* sun

##### Derived terms

* rahina

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hiz.

### Pronoun

ina
* accusative of hē: him

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: ine, ene, one
** German Low German: ne, en

## Paikoneka
### Noun

ina
* water

### References

* Swintha Danielsen, Evaluating historical data (wordlists) in the case of Bolivian extinct languages (2011), page 4

## Paiwan
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* (vocative) mother

#### Synonyms

* kina

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Pangasinan
### Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

iná
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Paulohi
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Pazeh
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Pipil
### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: /ˈiːna/

### Verb

īna
* (intransitive) to say, to state, to utter
    Inak ne tamachtiani ka musta tikpiat se taejekulisThe teacher said we'll have a test tomorrow
* (intransitive) to think, to believe, to have the opinion that
    Nina ka niweli niajsi wipta ka tajkutunalI think I can come the day after tomorrow at noon

## Romansch
### Alternative forms

* egna (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
* üna (Puter, Vallader)

### Article

ina f (masculine in)
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) a, an

### Number

ina f (masculine in)
* (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) one

## Sabu
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Saisiyat
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Sakizaya
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /i.ˈna/, [i.ˈna]

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Samoan
### Particle

ina
* Marks the imperative mood, for positive commands

#### Usage notes

Placed before the verb. If the verb is repeated for emphasis, it is only placed before the second repetition of the verb. It may be omitted in any situation.

## San Juan Colorado Mixtec
### Etymology

From Proto-Mixtec *ínà.

### Noun

ina (inà)
* dog

#### Derived terms

* ina ndivaahu
* ina nduvaahu

### References

* Stark Campbell, Sara, et al. (1986) Diccionario mixteco de San Juan Colorado (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 29)‎ (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 18

## Sasak
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Sika
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Simeulue
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Swahili
### Verb

ina
* inflection of -wa na:
** m-mi class subject inflected plural present affirmative
** n class subject inflected singular present affirmative

## Swedish
### Etymology

Perhaps onomatopoeic.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /²iːna/
* Rhymes: -²iːna

### Verb

ina (present inar, preterite inade, supine inat, imperative ina)
* (intransitive) to make a high-pitched buzzing sound (of a mosquito in flight), to whine
    inande myggwhining mosquitoes

#### Conjugation

$^1$ Archaic. $^2$ Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

#### See also

* mygga (“mosquito”)

### References

* ina in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

### Anagrams

* nia

## Tagalog
### Alternative forms

* yna — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina (compare Buginese ina, Fijian tina, Ibanag yena, Laboya inya, Malay ina, Maranao ina', Nias ina, Tausug ina', Tetum inan, Toba Batak ina, Yami ina), from Proto-Austronesian *ina (compare Amis ina, Kulon-Pazeh ina, and Paiwan ina).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔiˈna/ [ʔɪˈn̪a]
* Rhymes: -a
* Syllabification: i‧na

#### Noun

iná (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ)
* mother
    Synonyms: nanay, inay, inang, nanang, mama, (idiomatic) ilaw ng tahanan, (slang) ermat, (gay slang) mudra, (archaic) madre

##### Derived terms

* Araw ng mga Ina
* hay naku
* Ina ng Laging Saklolo
* ina-inahan
* inahan
* inahin
* inahing manok
* inambato
* inampalan
* inana
* inantubig
* inang
* inang bayan
* Inang Dalamhati
* Inang Kalikasan
* inang wika
* inang-binyag
* inang-dalag
* inang-diwa
* inang-hagdan
* inang-kasal
* inang-kumpil
* inang-panguman
* inangpalan
* iniina
* mag-iina
* mag-ina
* Mahal na Ina
* makaina
* naks
* naku
* paina
* puke ng ina mo
* putang ina

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ʔiˈnaʔ/ [ʔɪˈn̪aʔ]
* Rhymes: -aʔ
* Syllabification: i‧na

#### Noun

inâ (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ)
* planting of seeds closely for transplantation upon sprouting (with the proper growth)
    Synonym: punla

##### Derived terms

* pag-iina

### Anagrams

* ani

## Tetum
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, ftom Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### Further reading

* Fransiskus Monteiro (1985) Kamus Tetun-Indonesia [Tetum-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Thao
### Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Toba Batak
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina (Batak spelling ᯤᯉ)
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Tooro
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /íːna/

### Numeral

ina
* four (in abstract counting)
* class 10 form of -na

## Wolio
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Yami
### Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.

### Noun

ina
* mother

### References

* Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*ina”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *ʊ́-nɪ̃ã́ or Proto-Yoruboid *ʊ́-nã́, cognate with Igala úná, Olukumi úná, Ifè iná, see Proto-Yoruboid entry *ʊ́-nã́ for more cognates. Ultimately from Proto-Volta-Congo *-na-

#### Alternative forms

* uná (SEY, CY)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ī.nã́/

#### Noun

iná
* fire, light
    Synonym: ìmọ́lẹ̀

##### Synonyms

Yoruba Varieties and Languages - iná (“fire”) :
| view map; ||||||
| Language Family | Variety Group | Variety/Language | Subdialect | Location | Words |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Eastern Àkókó | Àkùngbá | Àkùngbá Àkókó | uná |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè) | Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè) | Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè) | uná |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Ìjẹ̀bú | Ìjẹ̀bú Òde | unọ́ |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Rẹ́mọ | Ẹ̀pẹ́ | unọ́ |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Rẹ́mọ | Ìkòròdú | unọ́ |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀bú | Rẹ́mọ | Ṣágámù | unọ́ |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀) | Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀) | Òkìtìpupa | uná |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ) | Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ) | Mahin | uná |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Oǹdó | Oǹdó | Oǹdó | uná |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀) | Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀) | Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀) | uná |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Southeast Yoruba | Usẹn | Usẹn | Usẹn | uná |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Ìtsẹkírì | Ìtsẹkírì | Ìtsẹkírì | Ìwẹrẹ | uná |
| Proto-Itsekiri-SEY | Olùkùmi | Olùkùmi | Olùkùmi | Ugbódù | úná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Èkìtì | Èkìtì | Àdó Èkìtì | ụnọ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Èkìtì | Àkúrẹ́ | Àkúrẹ́ | ụnọ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Èkìtì | Mọ̀bà | Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì | ụnọ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Central Yoruba | Ìjẹ̀ṣà (Ùjẹ̀ṣà) | Ìjẹ̀ṣà (Ùjẹ̀ṣà) | Iléṣà (Uléṣà) | uná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Àwórì | Àwórì | Èbúté Mẹ́tà | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ẹ̀gbádò | Ẹ̀gbádò | Ìjàká | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Èkó | Èkó | Èkó | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ìbàdàn | Ìbàdàn | Ìbàdàn | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ìbọ̀lọ́ | Ìbọ̀lọ́ | Òṣogbo (Òsogbo) | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ìlọrin | Ìlọrin | Ìlọrin | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Òtù | inẹ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ìwéré Ilé | inẹ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Òkèhò | inẹ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ìsẹ́yìn | inẹ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ṣakí | inẹ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Tedé | inẹ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Oǹkó | Oǹkó | Ìgbẹ́tì | inẹ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Ọ̀yọ́ | Ọ̀yọ́ | Ọ̀yọ́ | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Standard Yorùbá | Standard Yorùbá | Nàìjíríà | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northwest Yoruba | Standard Yorùbá | Standard Yorùbá | Bɛ̀nɛ̀ | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northeast Yoruba/Okun | Ìyàgbà | Ìyàgbà | Ìsánlú Ìtẹ̀dó | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Northeast Yoruba/Okun | Owé | Owé | Kabba | inọ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ana | Ana | Sokode | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ (Ìdàdú) | unɛ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Cábɛ̀ɛ́ | Tchaourou | unɛ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ǹcà (Ìcà, Ìncà) | Ǹcà (Ìcà, Ìncà) | Baàtɛ | inɔ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ìdàácà | Benin | Igbó Ìdàácà (Dasa Zunmɛ̀) | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-Ìjè | Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí/Ìjè | Ìkpòbɛ́ | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-Ìjè | Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí/Ìjè | Onigbolo | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-Ìjè | Kétu/Ànàgó | Kétu | unɔ́ |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Akpáré | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Atakpamɛ | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Boko | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Moretan | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Ifɛ̀ | Ifɛ̀ | Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti) | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Kura | Kura | Aledjo-Koura | ɔ́ná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Kura | Kura | Awotébi | ɔ́ná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Kura | Kura | Partago | ɔ́ná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Mɔ̄kɔ́lé | Mɔ̄kɔ́lé | Kandi | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Northern Nago | Northern Nago | Kambole | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Ede Languages/Southwest Yoruba | Northern Nago | Northern Nago | Manigri | iná |
| Proto-Yoruba | Overseas Yoruba | Lucumí | Lucumí | Havana | iñá |
| Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo. ||||||

##### Derived terms

* ẹ̀rọ amúnáwá (“generator”)
* ẹ̀rọ amúnáwá alẹ̀fúùfù (“wind turbine”)
* iná adarí ọkọ̀ (“stop light, traffic light”)
* iná mànàmáná (“electricity”)
* paná (“to turn off light, stamp out, quench, put out, dampen, defuse, quell”)
* panápaná (“firefighter”)
* tanná (“to turn on light, fuel, trigger, spark, bloom, kindle, ignite”)

### Etymology 2

Cognate with Igala íná

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ī.nã́/

#### Noun

iná
* head lice, lice
    Synonym: iná-orí

### Etymology 3

ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ nà (“to beat, to whip”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.nã̀/

#### Noun

ìnà
* flogging, whipping

### Etymology 4

ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ na (“to stretch”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.nã̄/

#### Noun

ìna
* stretching, a stretch

### Etymology 5

ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ ná (“to spend (money)”)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ì.nã́/

#### Noun

ìná
* expenditure of money, the act of spending (money)

##### Derived terms

* dúnàádúrà (“to bargain”)
* ìnákúnàá (“wasteful spending”)

## Yosondúa Mixtec
### Etymology

From Proto-Mixtec *ínà.

### Noun

ina
* dog

### References

* Beaty de Farris, Kathryn, et al. (2012) Diccionario básico del mixteco de Yosondúa, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 46)‎ (in Spanish), third edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 10