OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# linguist
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lingua (“language”) + -ist.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)

### Noun

linguist (plural linguists)
* One who studies linguistics.
    Antonym: nonlinguist
    Hypernym: scholar
    Hyponym: philologist
** (usually) One who studies modern-day linguistics, that is, linguistic science.
    Hypernyms: scientist < scholar
    Hyponyms: phonologist, morphologist, syntactician, grammarian, phonetician, sociophonetician, dialectologist, dialectician; comparative linguist, anthropolinguist, cryptolinguist, Eurolinguist, geolinguist, metalinguist, neurolinguist, xenolinguist
*** 2018 June 15, Julia Waldow, “George Lakoff says this is how Trump uses words to con the public”, in CNN Business‎:President Donald Trump has "turned words into weapons" -- and journalists are providing additional ammunition. That's according to Trump critic George Lakoff, a renowned linguist and professor emeritus at the University of California at Berkeley.
*** 2023 February 3, Pia Ceres, “Quoting Taylor Swift Lyrics Is an Actual Linguistic Thing”, in Wired‎, San Francisco, C.A.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-19:The internet serves as an accelerant to fanilects. Because song lyrics are readily available online, they have a characteristic linguists call "persistence," meaning anyone can refer to them and reuse them.
* A person skilled in languages.
    Antonym: nonlinguist
    Hyponyms: multilinguist, polylinguist, trilinguist, bilinguist, orthoepist
** 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:The words of these songs were either without meaning, or derived from an idiom with which Watt, a very fair linguist, had no acquaintance.
* A human translator; an interpreter, especially in the armed forces.
    Antonym: nonlinguist

#### Derived terms

* anthropolinguist
* bilinguist
* co-linguist
* colinguist
* comparative linguist
* cryptolinguist
* cunning linguist
* Eurolinguist
* geolinguist
* linguister
* linguistic
* linguistics
* linguistry
* metalinguist
* missionary linguist
* missionary-linguist
* monolinguist
* multilinguist
* neolinguist
* neurolinguist
* nonlinguist
* polylinguist
* slanguist
* trilinguist
* unilinguist
* xenolinguist

#### Translations
### See also

* lingua
* linguaphile
* multilingual
* polyglot
* prescriptivist

### Further reading

* “492. scholar” in Roget's Thesaurus, T. Y. Crowell Co., 1911.
* “linguist” in Moby Thesaurus II, Grady Ward, 1996.

## Romanian
### Noun

linguist m (plural linguiști, feminine equivalent linguistă)
* Alternative form of lingvist
# 카카오
## Korean
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cacao.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [kʰa̠kʰa̠o̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [카카오]

### Noun

카카오 • (kakao)
* cacao (cacao tree or bean)
    Synonym: 코코아 (kokoa)

### Proper noun

카카오 • (Kakao)
* Alternative form of 카카오톡 (Kakaotok)
* Kakao (company)
# cocoa
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkəʊ.kəʊ/
* (US) enPR: kōʹkō, IPA: /ˈkoʊ.koʊ/
* (Philippines) IPA: /koˈkoʊ.ɐ/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -əʊkəʊ
* Homophone: coco

### Etymology 1

From Spanish cacao, from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl. The form cocoa came about by confusion with coco, popularized by Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language. Doublet of cacao.

#### Noun

cocoa (countable and uncountable, plural cocoas)
* The dried and partially fermented fatty seeds of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made.
* An unsweetened brown powder made from roasted, ground cocoa beans, used in making chocolate, and in cooking.
* (uncountable) A hot drink made with milk, cocoa powder, and sugar.
    Synonyms: chocolate, drinking chocolate, hot chocolate
    Do you like cocoa?
** 1979, Stanley J. Sharpless, A Food Lover's Companion, Harper & Row, Evan Jones (edit.)
    Half past nine - high time for supper;
    Cocoa, love? Of course, my dear.
    Helen thinks it quite delicious,
    John prefers it now to beer....
    ¶For they've stumbled on the secret
    Of a love that never wanes,
    Rapt beneath the tumbled bedclothes,
    Cocoa coursing through their veins.
* (countable) A serving of this drink.
    I like to watch TV with a cocoa.
* (countable) A light to medium brown colour.
    cocoa:

##### Derived terms

* cocoa bean
* cocoa butter
* cocoalike
* cocoa-payol
* cocoa powder
* cocoa tea
* hot cocoa
* I should cocoa
* noncocoa

##### Related terms

* cacao

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

#### Adjective

cocoa (not comparable)
* Of a light to medium brown colour, like that of cocoa powder.

##### Translations
#### See also

* Appendix:Colors

### Etymology 2

By confusion with cocoa, popularized by Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language.

#### Noun

cocoa
* (now nonstandard) Alternative spelling of coco.

### References

* ↑ Samuel Johnson (1755 April 15) “COCOA”, in A Dictionary of the English Language: […], volumes I (A–K), London: […] W[illiam] Strahan, for J[ohn] and P[aul] Knapton; […], →OCLC, column 1: “[cacaotal, Span. and therefore more properly written cacao.]”

## Classical Nahuatl
### Alternative forms

* cocohua

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koko(w)a/

### Verb

cocoa
* (transitive) to hurt
* (reflexive) to be ill

#### Related terms

* cocoya

### References

* Wolgemuth, Carl et al. (2002) Diccionario náhuatl de los municipios de Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz‎, 2nd electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 87, 119, 231, 242

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from English cocoa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /koˈkoa/ [koˈko.a]
* Rhymes: -oa
* Syllabification: co‧co‧a

### Noun

cocoa f (plural cocoas)
* cocoa

#### Related terms

* cacahuete

### Further reading

* “cocoa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
# 肉彈
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ròudàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄡˋ ㄉㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ròudàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄡˋ ㄉㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ròudàn
*** Wade–Giles: jou$^4$-tan$^4$
*** Yale: ròu-dàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rowdann
*** Palladius: жоудань (žoudanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹/

### Noun

肉彈
* buxom beauty; bombshell
* (Japanese war literature) human bullet (clarification of this definition is needed)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 肉 | 彈 |
| にく Grade: 2 | だん Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 肉彈 – see the following entry. :
| 【肉弾にくだん】 | [noun] lunging towards an enemy as if one was a projectile |
(This term, 肉彈, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 肉 | 彈 |

### Noun

肉彈 • (yuktan) (hangeul 육탄)
* hanja form of 육탄 (“human bullet”)
# 挟み
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 挟
* はさ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 挾み (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 挟み – see the following entry. :
| 【はさみ】 | [verb] stem or continuative form of はさむ (hasamu) [godan] Alternative spellings 剪み, 鋏み, 箝み, 夾み, 挿み |
(This term, 挟み, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 挾み
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 挾
* はさ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 挾み – see the following entry. :
| 【はさみ】 | [verb] stem or continuative form of はさむ (hasamu) [godan] Alternative spellings 挟み, 剪み, 鋏み, 箝み, 夾み, 挿み |
(This term, 挾み, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (挟み) of the above term.) :
# 剪み
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 剪
* はさ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 剪み – see the following entry. :
| 【はさみ】 | [verb] stem or continuative form of はさむ (hasamu) [godan] Alternative spellings 挟み, 鋏み, 箝み, 夾み, 挿み |
(This term, 剪み, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# pazzo
## Italian
### Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps a Lombardic or Carolingian era borrowing from Old High German barrezzen (“to hate”) or maybe from French page (“page, serving boy”), probably via Neapolitan pazzo (compare French adage “être effronté comme un page”). Alternatively from Latin patiēns (“suffering”). Compare Sicilian pacciu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpat.t͡so/
* Rhymes: -attso
* Hyphenation: pàz‧zo

### Adjective

pazzo (feminine pazza, masculine plural pazzi, feminine plural pazze)
* crazy, insane, mad
    Synonym: matto

#### Derived terms

* acqua pazza
* impazzire
* pazzamente
* pazzesco (“crazy”, adjective)
* pazzia (“madness”)

### Noun

pazzo m (plural pazzi, feminine pazza)
* madman
    Synonym: matto
** 1973, “Alice”, in Alice non lo sa, performed by Francesco De Gregori:"Ma io non ci sto più e i pazzi siete voi" / Tutti pensarono dietro ai cappelli"But I am not here anymore and you are the madmen" / Everyone thought behind the hats

### References

* ↑ pazzo in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
* ↑ pazzo in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

### Anagrams

* pozza
# ハサミ
## Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of ハサミ – see the following entry. :
| 【鋏はさみ】H | [noun] a (pair of) scissors [noun] 螯, ハサミ: (zootomy) pincers, claws, or chela as found on a crab, lobster, or other arthropod [noun] a punch as used to make a hole in a piece of paper Alternative spellings 剪刀, 螯, 鉗 |
(This term, ハサミ (hasami), is the katakana spelling of the above term.) :
# language learner
## English

* A user has added this entry to requests for deletion.
* Please see that page for discussion and justifications. You may continue to edit this entry while the discussion proceeds, but please mention significant edits at the RFD discussion and ensure that the intention of votes already cast is not left unclear. Do not remove the {{rfd}} until the debate has finished.

### Alternative forms

* language-learner

### Noun

language learner (plural language learners)
* A person who is learning a foreign language.
    Hyponym: ELL

#### Related terms

* language learning
# yatoko
## Japanese
### Romanization

yatoko
* Rōmaji transcription of やとこ
# 女のコ
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 女
* おんな Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 女のコ – see the following entry. :
| 【女おんなの子こ】 | [noun] (casual) a child that is female; a girl [noun] a woman Alternative spelling 女の児 |
(This term, 女のコ, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# 女の児
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 女 | 児 |
| おんな Grade: 1 | こ Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 女の兒 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 女の児 – see the following entry. :
| 【女おんなの子こ】 | [noun] (casual) a child that is female; a girl [noun] a woman Alternative spelling 女のコ |
(This term, 女の児, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# rødhals
## Danish
### Etymology

From rød +‎ hals.

### Noun

rødhals c (singular definite rødhalsen, plural indefinite rødhalse)
* European robin (Erithacus rubecula)
    Synonym: rødkælk

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “rødhals” in Den Danske Ordbog
# European robin
## English
### Noun

European robin (plural European robins)
* A small passerine Old World bird; Erithacus rubecula.

#### Synonyms

* robin
# fluesnapper
## Danish
### Etymology

flue +‎ snappe +‎ -er

### Noun

fluesnapper c (singular definite fluesnapperen, plural indefinite fluesnappere)
* flycatcher (Muscicapidae)

#### Declension
### References

* “fluesnapper” in Den Danske Ordbog
# survivorship
## English
### Etymology

From survivor +‎ -ship.

### Noun

survivorship (usually uncountable, plural survivorships)
* The state of being a survivor.
** 2015 July 10, “Data-Driven Method to Estimate Nonlinear Chemical Equivalence”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:We therefore seek a method for response-function normalization method which involves manipulating empirical curves that result from unconstrainted empirical fits of the corrected survivorship data.
* (biology) The number or percentage of young that survive to adulthood.
* (law) A right whereby a person becomes entitled to property by reason of his having survived another person who had an interest in it. It is one of the elements of a joint tenancy.

#### Derived terms

* presumption of survivorship
* survivorship bias

#### See also

* (legal right): tenancy
# a fhios a bheith agat
## Irish
### Verb

a fhios a bheith agat
* to know (be certain or sure about (something); have knowledge of; be informed about)
    Tá a fhios agam go bhfuil an ceart agam.I know that I am right.
    An raibh fios an scéil ag Seán?Did John know about the matter?

#### Usage notes

Literally means "its knowledge is at you". The tense of English know is reflected by the tense of the verb "to be" in Irish, while the subject of know in English is the object of the preposition ag in Irish. A noun governed by about in English is rendered by a genitive in Irish, in which case a fhios becomes simply fios.

#### Inflection

* Present: tá a fhios ag

### References

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fios”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# 量産型
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 量 | 産 | 型 |
| りょう Grade: 4 | さん Grade: 4 | かた > がた Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | on'yomi | kun'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 量產型 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From 量産(りょうさん) (ryōsan) + 型(かた) (kata). The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りょーさんがた [ryòósáńgátá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾʲo̞ːsã̠ŋɡa̠ta̠]

### Noun

量(りょう)産(さん)型(がた) • (ryōsan-gata)
* (slang) "mass-production-type", describing a girl who follows fast fashion trends; but also used to describe a fashion of bright pink cutesy clothing, doll-like makeup, brunette hair, etc. often treated as an antithesis to 地雷系
    量産型(りょうさんがた)女子(じょし)
       ryōsan-gata joshi
       mass-production-type girl
* (slang, less common) "generic" fashion
    量産型(りょうさんがた)マッシュ
       ryōsangata masshu
       generic bowl cut

#### Coordinate terms

* 地雷(じらい)系(けい) (jirai-kei, literally “mine-type”)

#### See also

* スイーツ(笑) (suītsu kakko warai)
# seisan rain
## Japanese
### Romanization

seisan rain
* Rōmaji transcription of せいさんライン
# 生産ライン
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 産 |
| せい Grade: 1 | さん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 生產ライン (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From 生産(せいさん) (seisan, “production”) + ライン (rain, “line”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーさんライン [sèésáń ráꜜìǹ] (Nakadaka – [5])
* IPA: [se̞ːsa̠n̺ ɾa̠ĩɴ]

### Noun

生(せい)産(さん)ライン • (seisan rain)
* production line

#### Synonyms

* (less common) 製造(せいぞう)ライン (seizō rain)
# 生產ライン
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 生 | 產 |
| せい Grade: 1 | さん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 生產ライン – see the following entry. :
| 【生産せいさんライン】 | [noun] production line |
(This term, 生產ライン, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :
# saak
## Estonian
### Etymology

From saama +‎ -k.

### Noun

saak (genitive saagi, partitive saaki)
* crop, harvest, yield
* prey, catch (in hunting or fishing)

#### Derived terms

* röövsaak
* sõjasaak

### Further reading

* “saak”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
* “saak”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /saˈʔak/ [sɐˈʔak̚]
* Rhymes: -ak
* Syllabification: sa‧ak

### Adjective

saák (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜀᜃ᜔)
* divided or split lengthwise by pulling apart from one end (as cane, sticks, etc.)
    Synonyms: baak, biak, sibak, tipak

#### Derived terms

* saakin

### Anagrams

* kasa, saka
# poszłem
## Polish
### Etymology

Possibly modelled on feminine standard form poszłam.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɔ.ʂwɛm/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɔʂwɛm
* Syllabification: po‧szłem

### Verb

poszłem
* (nonstandard form) masculine first-person singular past indicative of pójść

#### Usage notes

The prescribed form is poszedłem.

### Further reading

* Mirosław Bańko (16.09.2009) Poradnia Językowa PWN [Language clinic PWN]‎, Polish Scientific Publishers PWN
# ياقماق
## Uyghur
### Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai [Term?], from Karakhanid [Term?], from Proto-Turkic *yak-.
Cognate with Uzbek yoqmoq, Turkish yakmak, Azerbaijani yaxmaq, and Kazakh жағу (jağu).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /jɑqmɑq/

### Verb

ياقماق • (yaqmaq)
* (transitive) to burn, to light up

#### See also

* يانماق (yanmaq)

### References

* ↑ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yak-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 897

### Further reading

* Schwarz, Henry G. (1992) An Uyghur-English Dictionary (East Asian Research Aids & Translations; 3), Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University, →ISBN
# appointment
## English
### Etymology

From Middle English appoyntement, apoyntement, from Old French appointement, equivalent to appoint +‎ -ment.

### Pronunciation

* (General American, Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əˈpɔɪnt.mɛnt/
* (Southern US) IPA: /əˈpɔɪnt.mɪnt/, [əˈpʰɔɪ̯nʔmɪnʔ], [əˈpʰɔɪ̯̃ʔmɪnʔ]
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

appointment (plural appointments)
* The act of appointing a person to hold an office or to have a position of trust
    Synonym: designation
    His appointment as treasurer was deemed suitable.
* The state of being appointed to a service or office; an office to which one is appointed
    the appointment of treasurer
* Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual agreement.
* An arrangement between people to meet; an engagement.
    They made an appointment to meet at six.
    I’m leaving work early because I have a doctor’s appointment.
* (religion) Decree; direction; established order or constitution.
    to submit to the divine appointments
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezra 6:9:According to the appointment of the priests.
* (law) The exercise of the power of designating (under a power of appointment) a person to enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument by which the designation is made.
* (government) The assignment of a person by an official to perform a duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court.
* (in the plural) Equipment, furniture.
** 1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:[…] the house had been inhabited for years by his father, and in many of its appointments was old-fashioned and grim […]
** 1910, Saki [pseudonym; Hector Hugh Munro], “The Soul of Laploshka”, in Reginald in Russia and Other Sketches, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 70:The appointments were primitive, but the Schnitzel, the beer, and the cheese could not have been improved on.
* (US) An honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a public exhibition of a college.
    to have an appointment
* (obsolete) The allowance paid to a public officer.

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “act of appointing”): dismissal

#### Derived terms

* appointment diary
* appointment in Samarra
* appointment television
* appointment TV
* deed of appointment
* dick appointment
* double appointment
* foreappointment
* interappointment
* midnight appointment
* nonappointment
* power of appointment
* preappointment
* reappointment
* recess appointment
* self-appointment

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### See also

* calendar
* meeting
* schedule

### References

* “appointment”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# lantas
## Indonesian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlantas/
* Hyphenation: lan‧tas

### Etymology 1

From Malay lantas.

#### Adverb

lantas
* immediately, directly
    Synonyms: langsung, terus

#### Preposition

lantas
* after
    Synonyms: kemudian, lalu

#### Derived terms

* berlantas
* berlantasan
* melantas
* melantaskan
* terlantas

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

lantas (plural lantas-lantas)
* acronym of lalu lintas (“traffic”).

### Etymology 3

From Alas-Kluet Batak [Term?].

#### Verb

lantas
* (dialect) to cross the water on foot.

### Further reading

* “lantas” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Malay
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlan.tas/
* Hyphenation: lan‧tas
* Rhymes: -antas, -tas

### Adverb

lantas
* immediately
* will

### Verb

lantas (used in the form melantas)
* to go to the back
* to straight to the back

#### Derived terms

* melantas
* melantasi
* melantaskan
* terlantas
# вуннӑ
## Chuvash
### Etymology

Inherited from Volga Bulgar وان (wân, “ten”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”).
Cognate with Khalaj ôn, Turkish on, Uzbek oʻn, Bashkir ун (un) and Yakut уон (uon).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvunː(ə)]

### Numeral

вуннӑ or вунӑ or вун • (vunnă or vună or vun)
* ten

### References

* ↑ Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 164
* ↑ Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “вуннӑ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume I, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 130-131
* ↑ Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “вуннӑ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 57

### Further reading

* “вуннӑ”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎ (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.
# ҫирӗм
## Chuvash
### Etymology

Inherited from Volga Bulgar جيرم (ciyermi), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹgirmi (“twenty”).
Cognate with Khalaj yigirmi, Turkish yirmi, Uzbek yigirma, Bashkir егерме (yegerme) and Yakut сүүрбэ (süürbe).

### Numeral

ҫирӗм • (śirĕm)
* twenty

### References

* ↑ Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 163
* ↑ Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “ҫирӗм”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume II, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 121-123
* ↑ Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ҫирӗм”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 214

### Further reading

* “ҫирӗм”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎ (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.
# вӑтӑр
## Chuvash
### Etymology

Inherited from Volga Bulgar وطر (wotur, “thirty”), itself inherited from Proto-Turkic *otuŕ (“thirty”).
Cognate with Khalaj hottuz, Turkish otuz, Uzbek oʻttiz, Bashkir утыҙ (utıź) and Yakut отут (otut).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvŏdər]

### Numeral

вӑтӑр • (văt̬ăr)
* thirty

### References

* ↑ Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 164
* ↑ Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “вӑтӑр”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume I, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 113-114
* ↑ Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “вӑтӑр”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 51

### Further reading

* “вӑтӑр”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎ (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.