# sup
## Translingual
### Symbol

sup
* (mathematics) supremum

#### Synonyms

* (in a lattice) ∨

## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sʌp/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ʌp
* Homophone: 'sup
* IPA: (abbreviations of supremum and of words beginning with super-) /sup/

### Etymology 1

The verb is from Middle English soupen, from Old English sūpan (“to sip, drink, taste”), from Proto-Germanic *sūpaną (compare Dutch zuipen (“to drink, tipple, booze”), German saufen (“to drink, booze”), Swedish supa (“to drink, swallow”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sub-, compare Sanskrit सूप (sū́pa, “soup, broth”), from *sewe (“to take liquid”). More at suck.
The noun is from the verb. There is no evidence of continuity with Old English supa. Compare Middle English soupe, from Old English sūpe, which has the same meaning as Middle English sope (“a mouthful or small amount of drink”), from Old English sopa, whence sop.

#### Verb

sup (third-person singular simple present sups, present participle supping, simple past and past participle supped)
* To sip; to take a small amount of food or drink into the mouth, especially with a spoon.
** 1646, Richard Crashaw, Steps to the Temple:There I'll sup / Balm and nectar in my cup.
** 1893, Norman Gale, “A Walk”, in Orchard Songs, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews & John Lane; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 43:We stood upon the forehead of the hills, / And lifted up our hearts in prayer; / And as we halted, reverent, / Meseemed that Nature o’er us bent, / That she did bid us sup / From bread she gave and from her cup.
** 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 60:On market days the farmers would come in before going home - Tysons and Lindsays and Birketts and Longmires and Boows and Dawsons - and their dogs would lie in heaps on the flags while they themselves supped Gerald's ale.

##### Alternative forms

* soup

#### Noun

sup (countable and uncountable, plural sups)
* A sip; a small amount of food or drink.
** 1898, Wilfred Woollam, “Fragments from Two Hearts”, in Child Illa and Other Poems, Sheffield: J. Arthur Bain; London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd., page 163:“Then, who,” the sick man meekly said, / “Shall heal the sick and hide the dead?— / “Snatch the despairer’s poisoned cup; / Clothe shame, and give the outcast sup?⁠— / “Lighten, if only by a hair, / The load of human pain and care?”
** a. 1936, J[oseph] S[mith] Fletcher, “Assault of Hannah’s Castle”, in The Mill House Murder: Being the Last of the Adventures of Ronald Camberwell, Alfred A[braham] Knopf, Inc., published 1937, page 234:We’re sisters in a sort and I’ll take Louie home with me and give her sup and shelter.
** 1936, George Orwell, chapter 8, in Keep the Aspidistra Flying:A long, long sup of beer flowed gratefully down his gullet.
** 2010, Graley Herren, “Beckett on Television”, in S[tanley] E. Gontarski, editor, A Companion to Samuel Beckett, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, part IV (Acts of Performance), page 396:The hands touch B upon the head, give him sup from a cup and wipe his brow with a cloth, and finally embrace him as he slumps back down upon his desk.

##### Alternative forms

* soup

### Etymology 2

From Middle English soupen, suppen, Anglo-Norman super, from supe, soupe. More at soup.

#### Verb

sup (third-person singular simple present sups, present participle supping, simple past and past participle supped)
* To eat supper.
** 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:...I propose we should have up the cold pie, and let him sup.
** 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:I pray you, be seated and sup how you please. You will, I trust, excuse me that I do not join you; but I have dined already, and I do not sup.

##### Alternative forms

* soup (rare)

##### Translations
### Etymology 3

Procopic form of what's up (“how are you doing?”)

#### Interjection

sup?
* (slang) what's up (either as a greeting or actual question)
    Synonyms: t'sup, wassup, w'sup, wudup
    — Sup? — Not much.

##### Alternative forms

* ssup, 'sup, s'up, zup

### Etymology 4

From s- +‎ up.

#### Adjective

sup (not comparable)
* (physics) Being or relating to the squark that is the superpartner of an up quark.
    Antonym: sdown

##### Derived terms

* sup squark

### Etymology 5

First syllable of superintendent.

#### Noun

sup (plural sups)
* (informal) Superintendent.
** 1932, Edward Livermore Burlingame, Robert Bridges, Alfred Dashiell, Scribner's Magazine - Volume 91, page 64:They had put in the stretch-out and they were laying people off and there was talk of a union. "Let's have a union." "Mr. Shaw won't stand for it. The sup won't stand for it."
** 2011, M. Thomas, Not Today, →ISBN, page 212:Cpl. Perez, the radio sup said, "Everything checks out OK, Sarge. We're up and working."
** 2012, Caroline Court, Rescuing Park Ranger Billie, →ISBN, page 55:But here comes the deputy vehicle, cruising right up to the shelter on the bike path. The sup is a retired county sheriff's deputy.

##### Alternative forms

* supe

### Etymology 6

First syllable of superior.

#### Noun

sup (plural sups)
* (mathematics) Supremum, upper limit.
** 2001, Mr. Paul Cashin, Mr. C. John McDermott, The Long-Run Behavior of Commodity Prices, →ISBN:Values for the sup W statistic in excess of the 5 percent critical value (2.75 for booms and 2.77 for slumps) indicate rejection of the null hypothesis of no change in the dureation of booms and slumps in real commodity prices.
** 2003 -, Serge Lang -, Complex Analysis, →ISBN, page 271:For a wide class of connected open sets U, not necessarily simply connected, one proves the existence of a harmonic function on U having given boundary value (satisfying suitable integrability conditions) by taking the sup of the subharmonic functions having this boundary value.

##### Derived terms

* lim sup

### Etymology 7

Clipping of supplement.

#### Noun

sup (plural sups)
* (bodybuilding, colloquial) Supplement.

##### Descendants

* → German: Sup

### Etymology 8

First syllable of supervision.

#### Noun

sup (plural sups)
* (Cambridge University slang) A supervision.

##### Alternative forms

* supe

### See also

* lup sup (etymologically unrelated to any of the above terms)

### References

* ↑ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Sup (sɐp), sb.”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume IX, Part 2 (Su–Th), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 165, column 1: “f. Sup v.$^1$ There is no evidence of continuity with OE. súpa (cf. MLG. sûpe, early mod.Du. zuipe, Du. zuip, ON. súpa).”
* ↑ “sǒupe, n.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007: “Etymology  OE sūpe / Definitions (Senses and Subsenses) / 1. = sope n.(1).”
* ↑ “sō̆pe, n.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007: “Etymology OE sopa / Definitions (Senses and Subsenses) / Note: Cp. soupe n.(2). / 1. A mouthful or small amount of drink; […]”.

### Anagrams

* PSU, PUS, PUs, UPS, UPs, USP, psu, pus, ups

## Albanian
### Alternative forms

* cup — Gheg

### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *tsupa, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱupos (compare English hip, Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos, “vertebra, hollow before the hip (in cattle)”)).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sup/

### Noun

sup m (plural supe, definite supi, definite plural supet)
* (anatomy) shoulder
    Synonyms: mushk, shpatull

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sup”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* Newmark, L. (1999) “sup”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech sup, from Proto-Slavic *sǫpъ (“vulture”). Cognate with Polish sęp, Lower Sorbian sup, Serbo-Croatian sȕp, and Russian сип (sip).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsup]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -up

### Noun

sup m anim
* vulture

#### Derived terms

* orlosup

### Further reading

* “sup”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “sup”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* SUP

### Etymology

From English SUP, short for standup paddleboard.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sup m (plural sups, diminutive supje n)
* (sports) a standup paddleboard

#### Derived terms

* suppen

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch soep (“soup”), from French soupe, from Latin suppa, from Proto-Germanic *supô.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsʊp̚]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sup

### Noun

sup (plural sup-sup)
* soup (primarily liquid food)
    Synonyms: kaldu, kuah
    Satu di antaranya adalah soto dan sup. ― One of them is soto and soup.

#### Derived terms

* disup
* mengesup

### References

* ↑ 2007, Soto & Sup Nusantara-Citarasa tradisional, Gramedia Pustaka Utama (→ISBN), page 3.

### Further reading

* “sup” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Italian
### Noun

sup m
* stand up paddleboard

### Anagrams

* pus

## Lower Sorbian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sǫpъ (“vulture”). Cognate with Polish sęp, Czech sup, Serbo-Croatian sȕp, and Russian сип (sip).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sup/

### Noun

sup m anim
* vulture (bird)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “sup”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
* Starosta, Manfred (1999) “sup”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

## Nabi
### Noun

sup
* water

### References

* transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

## Nigerian Pidgin
### Etymology

From English soup.

### Noun

sup
* soup

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sǫpъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sûp/

### Noun

sȕp m (Cyrillic spelling су̏п)
* vulture
    Synonyms: lèšinār, str̀vinār

#### Declension
### References

* “sup”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sǫpъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sup]

### Noun

sup m animal (relational adjective supí)
* vulture

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “sup”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ʉːp

### Noun

sup c
* (a (complete) drinking of) a drink of hard liquor, a drink
    Synonyms: rackabajsare, pilleknarkare, styrketår
    Jag ska ta mig en supI'm gonna have a drink
    Du verkar stressad, Nisse. Ta dig en sup så att du blir som folk.You seem stressed out, Nisse. Have a drink to straighten yourself out.
** (a (complete) drinking of) a small amount of hard liquor, typically aquavit or another clear liquor, served in a small glass
    Synonyms: snaps, nubbe, hutt
* (archaic) a gulp or small quantity of liquid

#### Usage notes

* Has a somewhat colloquially folksy tone when of having a drink in general.
* Small enough to be drunk in one gulp in (sense 1.1), and typically intended to be. Basically a shot, without the modern connotations. Often had with food.

#### Derived terms

* kallsup

#### Related terms

* supa

### Verb

sup
* imperative of supa

#### References

* sup in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* sup in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* sup in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

### Verb

sup
* imperative of supa

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English soup.

### Noun

sup
* soup

## Volapük
### Noun

sup (nominative plural sups)
* soup

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only