# 訓

| 訓 | U+8A13, &#35347; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A13 |
| ← 訒 [U+8A12] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 訔 → [U+8A14] |

## Translingual
### Han character

訓 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜口中中中 (YRLLL), four-corner 0260$_0$, composition ⿰訁川)

#### Derived characters

* 𣉤, 瞓, 𮭌

#### Related characters

* 训 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1148, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35238
* Dae Jaweon: page 1614, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3942, character 2
* Unihan data for U+8A13

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 川 | *kʰjon |
| 釧 | *kʰjons |
| 巛 | *kʰuːn |
| 巡 | *sɢljun |
| 馴 | *sɢljun |
| 紃 | *sɢljun, *ɢljun |
| 甽 | *kljuns, *kʷeːnʔ |
| 順 | *ɢljuns |
| 訓 | *qʰuns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰuns): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 川 (OC *kʰjon). It conveys the meaning of "preaching a teaching."

#### References

* ↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

### Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kul (“to instruct, explain, admonish”). Compare Tibetan སྐུལ་བ (skul ba, “to exhort”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xùn (xun$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiun
* Eastern Min (BUC): hóng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hong$^4$ / huong$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hùn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syùn
*** Wade–Giles: hsün$^4$
*** Yale: syùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunn
*** Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^3$
*** Yale: fan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiun
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯un⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hóng
*** Sinological IPA : /houŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hong$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: heo̍ng
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔŋ⁴²/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: huong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /huoŋ⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn
*** Tâi-lô: hùn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huxn
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hun²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hung$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hùng
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: xjunH
Rime :
| Character | 訓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許運切 |
| Baxter | xjunH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨun$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hiun$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiuən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hun$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xiuən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭuən$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯uən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥u[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰuns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 訓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xùn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xjun$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥u[n]-s/ (W dialect: *l̥- > x- ) |
| English | instruct |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 訓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1637 |
| Phonetic component | 川 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 訓 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰuns/ |

### Definitions

訓
* to teach; to instruct; to lecture
* to explain
* to explain the meaning or sense of a word
* to reprimand; to slam; to rebuke; to denounce
* (colloquial) to scold
* to train; to drill
* teachings; explanation; exegesis
* model; example
* to submit to; to yield to; to obey
* a surname, Xun
* (linguistics) To interpret / read a Chinese character or phrase by associating it with a (usually) non-Sinitic native morpheme or phrase with identical meaning. Applied in Sinitic dialects to Mandarin or Literary Chinese characters, and in the Sinosphere to Literary Chinese. For example, reading (訓／训) the character 人 (“person”) as Min Nan lâng (“person”), Korean 사람 (saram, “person”), or Japanese ひと (hito, “person”).
    Coordinate term: 音 (yīn)

#### Synonyms

* (to teach):
* 傳授 / 传授 (chuánshòu)
* 傳教 / 传教 (chuánjiāo)
* 指授 (zhǐshòu) (literary)
* 教導 / 教导 (jiàodǎo)
* 教授 (jiāoshòu)
* 教練 / 教练 (jiàoliàn)
* 教習 / 教习 (jiàoxí) (literary)
* 教育 (jiàoyù)
* 教訓 / 教训 (jiàoxùn)
* 教誨 / 教诲 (jiàohuì) (formal)
* 教識 / 教识 (gaau$^3$ sik$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 施教 (shījiào) (literary)
* 訓誨 / 训诲 (xùnhuì) (literary, chiefly of superiors to subordinates, or old to young)
* 講授 / 讲授 (jiǎngshòu)
* (to explain):
* 交代 (jiāodài)
* 介紹 / 介绍 (jièshào) (a situation)
* 分解 (fēnjiě)
* 拆白 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 拆破 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 解說 / 解说 (jiěshuō)
* 解釋 / 解释 (jiěshì)
* 說 / 说
* 說明 / 说明 (shuōmíng)
* 說解 / 说解 (shuōjiě) (literary)
* 講明 / 讲明 (jiǎngmíng)
* 講解 / 讲解 (jiǎngjiě)
* 開釋 / 开释 (kāishì) (literary)
* 闡明 / 阐明 (chǎnmíng)
* 闡發 / 阐发 (chǎnfā)
* 闡說 / 阐说 (chǎnshuō)
* 闡論 / 阐论 (chǎnlùn) (literary)
* 闡釋 / 阐释 (chǎnshì)
* 陳 / 陈 (chén) (literary, or in compounds)
* (to reprimand):
* 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
* 叱呵 (chìhē)
* 叱罵 / 叱骂 (chìmà)
* 叱責 / 叱责 (chìzé)
* 吆喝 (colloquial)
* 呲 (cī)
* 呲兒 / 呲儿 (cīr)
* 呵叱 (hēchì)
* 呼喝 (hūhè) (literary)
* 呲打 (cīda) (Northeastern Mandarin)
* 呵斥 (hēchì)
* 呵責 / 呵责 (hēzé) (literary)
* 喝叱
* 嗔怪 (chēnguài) (literary)
* 嗔著 / 嗔着 (chēnzhe) (colloquial)
* 怪 (guài)
* 怒 (nù) (Classical Chinese)
* 怨怪 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 怪罪 (guàizuì)
* 批評 / 批评 (pīpíng)
* 指摘 (zhǐzhāi)
* 指斥 (zhǐchì)
* 指責 / 指责 (zhǐzé)
* 指點 / 指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
* 捋 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 掛數 / 挂数 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 摘 (literary, or in compounds)
* 撻伐 / 挞伐 (tàfá) (literary, figurative)
* 數落 / 数落 (shǔluo) (informal)
* 數說 / 数说 (shǔshuō)
* 斥斥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 斥罵 / 斥骂 (chìmà)
* 斥責 / 斥责 (chìzé)
* 歸咎 / 归咎 (guījiù)
* 歸罪 / 归罪 (guīzuì)
* 派
* 激勵 / 激励 (jīlì) (literary)
* 熊 (xióng) (colloquial)
* 申斥 (shēnchì)
* 痛罵 / 痛骂 (tòngmà)
* 聲討 / 声讨 (shēngtǎo)
* 訓斥 / 训斥 (xùnchì)
* 詬病 / 诟病 (gòubìng) (literary)
* 說 / 说
* 說話 / 说话 (shuōhuà)
* 謗議 / 谤议 (bàngyì) (literary)
* 譴責 / 谴责 (qiǎnzé)
* 責備 / 责备 (zébèi)
* 責怪 / 责怪 (zéguài)
* 責罵 / 责骂 (zémà)
* 責難 / 责难 (zénàn)
* 貶斥 / 贬斥 (biǎnchì) (literary)
* 貶責 / 贬责 (biǎnzé)
* 賴 / 赖 (lài)
* 非議 / 非议 (fēiyì)
* 非難 / 非难 (fēinàn)
* 體斥 / 体斥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* (model):
* 典型 (diǎnxíng)
* 典範 / 典范 (diǎnfàn)
* 旗幟 / 旗帜 (qízhì)
* 書式 / 书式 (shūshì) (literary)
* 格式 (géshì)
* 楷模 (kǎimó)
* 榜樣 / 榜样 (bǎngyàng)
* 標兵 / 标兵 (biāobīng) (figurative)
* 樣板 / 样板 (yàngbǎn)
* 標竿 / 标竿 (biāogān)
* 模範 / 模范 (mófàn)
* 法式
* 程式 (chéngshì)
* 範例 / 范例 (fànlì)
* 表率 (biǎoshuài)
* (to train): 培訓／培训 (péixùn), 訓練／训练 (xùnliàn)
* (to submit):
* 依從 / 依从 (yīcóng)
* 就 (jiù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 服
* 服從 / 服从 (fúcóng)
* 歸附 / 归附 (guīfù)
* 聽從 / 听从 (tīngcóng)
* 聽話 / 听话 (tīnghuà)
* 賓服 / 宾服 (bīnfú) (literary)
* 隨 / 随 (suí)
* 順 / 顺 (shùn)
* 順從 / 顺从 (shùncóng)
* 順趁 / 顺趁 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)

### Compounds

* 一經之訓 / 一经之训
* 不足為訓 / 不足为训 (bùzúwéixùn)
* 互訓 / 互训
* 儲訓 / 储训
* 內訓 / 内训
* 典謨訓誥 / 典谟训诰
* 反訓 / 反训
* 受訓 / 受训 (shòuxùn)
* 古訓 / 古训 (gǔxùn)
* 培訓 / 培训 (péixùn)
* 大專暑訓 / 大专暑训
* 家訓 / 家训 (jiāxùn)
* 寒地訓練 / 寒地训练
* 寒訓 / 寒训
* 師訓 / 师训 (shīxùn)
* 庭訓 / 庭训 (tíngxùn)
* 彝訓
* 形訓 / 形训
* 感訓 / 感训
* 慈訓 / 慈训 (cíxùn)
* 教訓 / 教训 (jiàoxùn)
* 敷訓 / 敷训
* 新生訓練 / 新生训练
* 旁訓 / 旁训
* 明訓 / 明训
* 朱子家訓 / 朱子家训
* 李思訓碑 / 李思训碑
* 校訓 / 校训 (xiàoxùn)
* 甄訓 / 甄训
* 生聚教訓 / 生聚教训
* 祖訓 / 祖训 (zǔxùn)
* 童蒙訓 / 童蒙训
* 管訓 / 管训
* 組訓 / 组训
* 結訓 / 结训
* 經訓 / 经训
* 義方之訓 / 义方之训
* 義方是訓 / 义方是训
* 義訓 / 义训 (yìxùn)
* 耳提面訓 / 耳提面训
* 聖訓 / 圣训 (shèngxùn)
* 聲訓 / 声训
* 職前訓練 / 职前训练
* 職業訓練 / 职业训练
* 職訓中心 / 职训中心
* 聽訓 / 听训
* 薊訓歷家 / 蓟训历家
* 訓人 / 训人
* 訓令 / 训令 (xùnlìng)
* 訓兵秣馬 / 训兵秣马
* 訓典 / 训典
* 訓勉 / 训勉
* 訓名 / 训名
* 訓導 / 训导 (xùndǎo)
* 訓政時期 / 训政时期
* 訓斥 / 训斥 (xùnchì)
* 訓示 / 训示 (xùnshì)
* 訓練 / 训练 (xùnliàn)
* 訓練有素 / 训练有素 (xùnliànyǒusù)
* 訓纂篇 / 训纂篇
* 訓習 / 训习 (xùnxí)
* 訓育 / 训育 (xùnyù)
* 訓蒙 / 训蒙
* 訓詁 / 训诂 (xùngǔ)
* 訓詞 / 训词
* 訓詁學 / 训诂学 (xùngǔxué)
* 訓話 / 训话 (xùnhuà)
* 訓誘 / 训诱
* 訓誡 / 训诫 (xùnjiè)
* 訓誨 / 训诲 (xùnhuì)
* 訓讀 / 训读 (xùndú)
* 訓責 / 训责
* 訓辭 / 训辞
* 訓迪 / 训迪
* 訓飭 / 训饬
* 請訓 / 请训
* 諫訓 / 谏训 (jiànxùn)
* 貽訓 / 贻训
* 軍訓 / 军训 (jūnxùn)
* 連勸帶訓 / 连劝带训
* 過庭之訓 / 过庭之训
* 遞訓 / 递训
* 遺訓 / 遗训 (yíxùn)
* 開訓 / 开训
* 集訓 / 集训 (jíxùn)
* 音訓 / 音训 (yīnxùn)
* 顏氏家訓 / 颜氏家训

### References

* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “训”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 272.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)
* instruction
* teachings

#### Readings

* Go-on: くん (kun, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: くん (kun, Jōyō)
* Tō-on: きん (kin)
* Kun: おしえる (oshieru, 訓える)、よむ (yomu, 訓む)

#### Compounds

* 遺訓(いくん) (ikun)
* 教訓(きょうくん) (kyōkun): lesson, teaching
* 義訓(ぎくん) (gikun)
* 訓示(くんじ) (kunji): instruction, briefing
* 訓読(くんどく) (kundoku)
* 訓読(くんよ)み (kun'yomi)
* 訓練(くんれん) (kunren): training, practice
* 校訓(こうくん) (kōkun)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 訓
* くん Grade: 4
* on'yomi

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くん [kùń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kɯ̟̃ɴ]

#### Noun

訓(くん) • (kun)
* kun'yomi

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 訓
* さとし Grade: 4
* nanori

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さとし [sáꜜtòshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [sa̠to̞ɕi]

#### Proper noun

訓(さとし) • (Satoshi)
* a male given name

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 訓
* つとむ Grade: 4
* nanori

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つとむ [tsùtómú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨto̞mɯ̟]

### Proper noun

訓(つとむ) • (Tsutomu)
* a male given name

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

訓 (eumhun 가르칠 훈 (gareuchil hun))
* hanja form of 훈 (“teaching”)

#### Synonyms

* 敎
* 釋

#### Compounds

* 訓民正音 (훈민정음) hangul
* 訓讀 (훈독) interpretive reading
* 音訓 (음훈) eumhun
* 敎訓 (교훈) precept
* 訓練 (훈련) training

#### See also

* 意 (뜻_의, tteut_ui) meaning
* 意味 (의미, uimi) meaning

## Vietnamese
### Han character

訓: Hán Nôm readings: huấn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.