OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# gratulatory
## English
### Adjective

gratulatory (comparative more gratulatory, superlative most gratulatory)
* (archaic) congratulatory
** 1844, Various, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, No. CCCXLV. July, 1844. Vol. LVI.‎:The blissful day over, and the happy bride and bridegroom withdrawing from the banquet and the dance, the well-pleased chirping, able little tutor hopped before them, and led them to the hymeneal bower with floral flute, and gratulatory song!"
** 1898, Henry Francis Keenan, The Iron Game‎:A roar of gratulatory triumph broke--a roar so loud and inspiring that for a moment the densely packed masses did not distinguish an ear-splitting outburst just in front of them.
** 1921, Samuel Hopkins Adams, Success‎:The air was full of laughter and greetings and kisses; light-hearted, offhand, gratulatory kisses which appeared to be the natural currency of felicitation.

#### Derived terms

* gratulatorily
# 𐽰𐽰𐽲
## Old Uyghur
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 惡 (ʔak̚, “bad”).

#### Adjective

𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /aḳ/)
* hated, hateful, despicable
    𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 𐽶𐽰𐽴𐽳𐽲 ― ʾʾẍ yʾzwq /aḳ yazuḳ/ ― a despicable sin

##### Compound terms

* 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽿𐽶 (ʾʾq qʾršy /⁠aḳ ḳaršï⁠/, “someone who seeks out quarrels”)
* 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶 (ʾʾq yʾqy /⁠aḳ yaġï⁠/, “hated enemy”)
* 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽰𐽴𐽳𐽲 (ʾʾq yʾzwq /⁠aḳ yazuḳ⁠/, “a despicable sin”)
* 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺𐽽𐾁𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾq sʾqynclyq /⁠aḳ saḳïnčlïġ⁠/, “one with hateful thoughts”)

##### Derived terms

* 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾqlʾmʾqlyq /⁠aḳlamaḳlïġ⁠/, “with hate”)
* 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾqlʾncyq /⁠aḳlančïġ⁠/, “disgusting, irking”)

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰀𐰴 (ak), Karakhanid ااقْ (âq).

#### Adjective

𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /aḳ/)
* white
    𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 𐽰𐽰𐾀 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰ʾʾẍ ʾʾt pyrlʾ ʾʾẍ yʾnkʾ/aḳ at birle aḳ yaŋa/a white stallion and a white elephant
* clear, light
* good, favorable

##### Compound terms

* 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽰𐽰𐽿 (ʾʾq ʾʾš /⁠aḳ aš⁠/, “rice pudding”, literally “white dish”) (thought to be identical to the Turkish dish sütlaç)
* 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽹 (ʾʾq ʾʾtlyq sʾnkrʾm /⁠Ak Atlïġ Seŋrem⁠/, “Bai Ma Si, (白馬寺)”), first Buddhist temple in China
* 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺 (ʾʾq qʾtwn /⁠aḳ ḫatun⁠/, “female theatrical performer]”)
* 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽰𐽻𐾀𐽳𐽲 (ʾʾq yʾstwq /⁠aḳ yastuḳ⁠/, “silver”, literally “white ingot”)
* 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐾀𐽰𐽿 (ʾʾq tʾš /⁠aḳ taš⁠/, “chalk”, literally “white stone”)

##### Derived terms

* 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾqʾrmʾq /⁠aḳarmaḳ⁠/, “to whiten, to become clear”)
* 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽻𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾqsyq /⁠aḳsïġ⁠/, “whitish, pale”)

##### Descendants

* Western Yugur: aq (aʰq)

### See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (pwdwq /⁠boduġ⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /⁠öŋ⁠/) (layout · text) :
| 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /⁠aḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /⁠yürüŋ⁠/) | 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /⁠boz⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/) | 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/) |
| 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /⁠al⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /⁠ḳïzïl⁠/) | 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /⁠ar⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /⁠yaġïz⁠/) | 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /⁠sarïġ⁠/), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴 (krʾz /⁠ḳaraža⁠/) |
| | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yʾš /⁠yaš⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yašïl⁠/) | |
| 𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /⁠čač⁠/) | 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (cʾkyr /⁠čaḳïr⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /⁠köküš⁠/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /⁠razavart⁠/) |
| 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /⁠yipgin⁠/) | | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /⁠ḳïzġan⁠/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /⁠sazġan⁠/) |

### References

* Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “aḳ”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 9
* Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) ak, (2) ak”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 22-23
# intermittently
## English
### Etymology

From intermittent +‎ -ly.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɪn.təˈmɪt.ənt.lɪ/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
** Audio (US):(file)

### Adverb

intermittently (not comparable)
* Stopping or starting at intervals.
** 2016 October 22, Rami G Khouri, “Lebanese oligarchy preserves its interests once again”, in Aljazeera‎:The Hariri-Aoun agreement has shown that Hezbollah can bring the national political system to a halt. This happened in the past several years, and it worsened conditions in sectors such as foreign debt, electricity output, rubbish collection, water delivery, and other essential services, to the discomfort of the majority of Lebanese who have spoken out intermittently against the oligarchy of sectarian leaders who rule the country.

#### Synonyms

* flakily, sporadically, unreliably; see also Thesaurus:discontinuously

#### Related terms

* intermittent
* intermittence
# groundwater
## English
### Alternative forms

* ground water

### Etymology

From ground +‎ water.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

groundwater (countable and uncountable, plural groundwaters)
* Water that exists beneath the earth's surface in underground streams and aquifers.
** 1995, Olwyn Owen, Christopher Lowe, Kebister: The Four-thousand-year-old Story, page 45:The pH in water of the hillside soils varied between 3.1 and 6.1 with a mean of 4.2. The pattern of pH variation is complex and does not clearly relate either to cultivation or occupation. The most consistent, though weak, correlation appears to be between higher pH and flushes or bogs, which indicates that the local groundwaters are comparatively basic.
** 2003, B. B. Huckell, C. Vance Haynes, “The Ventana Complex: New Dates and New Ideas on Its Place in Early Holocene Western Prehistory”, in American Antiquity, volume 68, number 2, page 357:Research has shown bone apatite to undergo chemical exchange with carbonates in either vadose water or groundwater.

#### Derived terms

* groundwater level

#### Further reading

* groundwater on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# qimuttuarsuk
## Greenlandic
### Etymology

From qimuttoq (“draught animal”) +‎ -arsuk (“shoddy, small”).

### Pronunciation

* (Nuuk) IPA: /qimuttuarsuk/, [qy.mʊt.tʊ.ʷɑs.sʊk]

### Noun

qimuttuarsuk (plural qimuttuarsuit)
* horse
    Synonym: hiisti

#### Derived terms

* qimuttuarsuusannguaq

### References

* qimuttuarsuk in Katersat
# Oppel-Kundt illusions
## English
### Noun

Oppel-Kundt illusions
* plural of Oppel-Kundt illusion
# viaticar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From viàtic +‎ -ar.

### Verb

viaticar (first-person singular present viatico, first-person singular preterite viatiquí, past participle viaticat)
* (Christianity, transitive) to administer the viaticum to

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “viaticar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Viático +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /vi.a.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [vɪ.a.t͡ʃiˈka(h)], (faster pronunciation) /vja.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [vja.t͡ʃiˈka(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /vi.a.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [vɪ.a.t͡ʃiˈka(h)], (faster pronunciation) /vja.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [vja.t͡ʃiˈka(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /vi.a.t͡ʃiˈka(ɾ)/ [vɪ.a.t͡ʃiˈka(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /vja.t͡ʃiˈka(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /vi.a.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [vɪ.a.t͡ʃiˈka(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /vja.t͡ʃiˈka(ʁ)/ [vja.t͡ʃiˈka(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /vi.a.t͡ʃiˈka(ɻ)/ [vɪ.a.t͡ʃiˈka(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /vja.t͡ʃiˈka(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /vjɐ.tiˈkaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /vjɐ.tiˈkaɾ/
** (Northern Portugal) IPA: /bjɐ.tiˈkaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /vjɐ.tiˈka.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: vi‧a‧ti‧car

### Verb

viaticar (first-person singular present viatico, first-person singular preterite viatiquei, past participle viaticado)
* (religion, transitive) to administer the viaticum to

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* viaticado

### Further reading

* “viaticar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
* “viaticar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
* “viaticar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
# báirseach
## Irish
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbˠaːɾˠʃəx/

### Noun

báirseach f (genitive singular báirsí, nominative plural báirseacha)
* scolding woman, shrew

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
báirseach
báirseacha
vocative
a bháirseach
a bháirseacha
genitive
báirsí
báirseach
dative
báirseach báirsigh (archaic, dialectal)
báirseacha
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an bháirseach
na báirseacha
genitive
na báirsí
na mbáirseach
dative
leis an mbáirseach leis an mbáirsigh (archaic, dialectal) don bháirseach don bháirsigh (archaic, dialectal)
leis na báirseacha :

#### Descendants

* → Yola: bawshuk

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “báirseach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
# nyugat-afrikai
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Nyugat-Afrika (“West Africa”) +‎ -i (adjective-forming suffix).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɲuɡɒtɒfrikɒji]
* Hyphenation: nyu‧gat-af‧ri‧kai
* Rhymes: -ji

### Adjective

nyugat-afrikai (not comparable)
* West African (of, from or relating to West Africa)
    Coordinate terms: dél-afrikai, észak-afrikai, kelet-afrikai, közép-afrikai

#### Declension
### Noun

nyugat-afrikai (plural nyugat-afrikaiak)
* West African (native or inhabitant of West Africa)
# shaitan
## English
### Alternative forms

* shaytan, sheytân, sheitan

### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān, “satan, devil”). Doublet of Satan.

### Pronunciation

* (MLE) IPA: /ˈʃeɪtan/

### Noun

shaitan (plural shaitans)
* (Islam) a demon/devil; or evil jinn.
** 2014, Zuckermann, Ghil‘ad, Burning issues in Afro-Asiatic linguistics, page 141:'... hence, we are always malā'ika (angels), forgetting that ashayṭān was once a malāk (angel).
** 2014, Zuckermann, Ghil‘ad, Burning issues in Afro-Asiatic linguistics, page 140:'... 'A man and a jinni became friends. One day, the man asked the jinni, 'How come you look like a real human being?' [The jinni answered,]'We... shayāṭīn 'devils/demons' appear to people in whatever form we want, and we disappear whenever we want.'.
* (India, archaic) A dust storm.
** 1888, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society:Dust columns are called shaitans or devils by the Beloochees, who have a superstitious feeling with regard to them.
** 1925, Henry Michael Collins, From pigeon post to wireless, page 158:The dust borne in these shaitans of wind is often carried for vast distances […]

#### See also

* jinn
* jann
* nasnas
* ghoul
* angel

### Anagrams

* Ashanti, Sanhita, T'ai-shan, Tai Shan, Taishan, Tanisha, anthias, tahinas

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Borrowed from English shaitan, from Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ʃajˈtɐ̃/ [ʃaɪ̯ˈtɐ̃]
* (Portugal) IPA: /ʃajˈtan/
* Hyphenation: shai‧tan

### Noun

shaitan m (plural shaitans)
* (Arab mythology) shaitan (an evil djinn or devil)
# pień
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpjɛɲ/
* (Masovia):
** (Ostróda) IPA: /ˈpjɛɲ/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛɲ
* Syllabification: pień

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьňь.

#### Noun

pień m inan (diminutive pieniek)
* trunk, bole (part of a tree)
* (beekeeping) bee colony
* (Ostróda) block on which one chops wood

##### Derived terms

* w pień
* baniopień
* pniak

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

pień n
* genitive plural of pienie
    Synonym: pieni

### Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

pień
* second-person singular imperative of pienić

### Further reading

* pień in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* pień in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* Kazimierz Nitsch (1907) “pień”, in “Dyalekty polskie Prus zachodnich”, in Materyały i Prace Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie (in Polish), volume 3, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 391
# slogóg
## Irish
### Etymology

From slog +‎ -óg.

### Noun

slogóg f (genitive singular slogóige, nominative plural slogóga)
* swallow, gulp (of a liquid)

#### Declension

bare forms
singular
plural
nominative
slogóg
slogóga
vocative
a shlogóg
a shlogóga
genitive
slslogóige
slogóga
dative
slogóg
slogóga
forms with the definite article
singular
plural
nominative
an tslogóg
na slogóga
genitive
na slslogóige
na slogóga
dative
leis an tslogóg don tslogóg
leis na slogóga :

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
# siad
## Irish
### Etymology

From Middle Irish íat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʃiəd̪ˠ/
* (Aran) IPA: /ʃiəd̪ˠ/, /ʃeːd̪ˠ/
* (Ulster) IPA: /ʃiəd̪ˠ/, /ʃəd̪ˠ/

### Pronoun

siad (emphatic form siadsan, conjunctive)
* they

#### See also

$^L$ Triggers lenition   $^E$ Triggers eclipsis   $^H$ Triggers h-prothesis
$^1$ Also used as the vocative
The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun. For instance, "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.

### References

* ↑ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “íat”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Polish
### Etymology

Deverbal from siadać.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɕat/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -at
* Syllabification: siad
* Homophone: siat

### Noun

siad m inan
* (physical exercise) sitting position

#### Declension
### Interjection

siad!
* sit! (command for a dog)

### Further reading

* siad in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* siad in Polish dictionaries at PWN
# psik-
## Malay
### Alternative forms

* psiko-

### Etymology

Borrowed from English psych-, from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”).

### Pronunciation

* (English-based) IPA: [sai̯.k-]
* (Baku) IPA: [(p)si.k-]
* Hyphenation: psi‧k-

### Prefix

psik- (Jawi spelling ڤسيکـ)
* (non-productive) psych-
    psikiatri ― psychiatry
# calcatreppola
## Italian
### Alternative forms

* calcatreppolo m
* cacatreppola
* calcatreppa
* calcatrippa

### Etymology

The origin is uncertain. Likely related to English caltrop, a similar plant.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kal.kaˈtrep.po.la/
* Rhymes: -eppola
* Hyphenation: cal‧ca‧trép‧po‧la

### Noun

calcatreppola f (plural calcatreppole)
* any of various thorny plants:
** red starthistle (Centaurea calcitrapa)
** yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)
    Synonym: spino giallo
** field eryngo (Eryngium campestre)

### References

* 1 2 calcatreppola in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

### Further reading

* calcatreppola in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
# udånde
## Danish
### Etymology

Compound of ud (“out”) +‎ ånde (“breathe”)

### Verb

udånde (imperative udånd, infinitive at udånde, present tense udånder, past tense udåndede, perfect tense udåndet)
* exhale
* (by extension, solemn) die

### Conjugation

activepassive
present
udånder
udåndes
past
udåndede
infinitive
udånde
udåndes
imperative
udånd
participle
present
udåndende
past
udåndet (auxiliary verb have or være)
gerund
udånden :

#### Synonyms

* ånde ud
* dø

### See also

* trække vejret

### References

* “udånde” in Den Danske Ordbog
# clafdy
## Welsh
### Etymology

From claf (“invalid”) +‎ tŷ (“house”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈklavdɨ/
* (South Wales) IPA: /ˈklavdi/

### Noun

clafdy m (plural clafdai)
* infirmary

#### Related terms

* ysbyty (“hospital”)

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “clafdy”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh-English Dictionary, Gwerin
* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “clafdy”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
# 脫げる
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 脫
* ぬ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 脫げる – see the following entry. :
| 【脱ぬげる】 | [verb] to slip off, come off |
(This term, 脫げる, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :
# úplatkárstvo
## Slovak
### Etymology

From úplatkár +‎ -stvo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈuːplatkaːrstvɔ]

### Noun

úplatkárstvo n
* bribery

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “úplatkárstvo”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# green way
## English
### Noun

green way (plural green ways)
* Alternative form of greenway
# lano
## Czech
### Etymology

Derived from Middle High German lanne (“chain”), from Old High German lanna (“metal sheet, platelet; chain”), from Vulgar Latin lanna from Latin lāmina (“sheet especially of metal”). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian ла́нац (“chain”), Slovene lanec (“chain”), Macedonian and Bulgarian ланец (lanec, “golden or silver chain”), South and Western Russian ланцу́г (lancúg, “chain”), Polish łańcuch (“chain”), Slovak lano (“cable, rope”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlano]

### Noun

lano n (relational adjective lanový, diminutive lanko)
* rope, cable

#### Derived terms

* lanoví
* lanovka
* lanovnice

### Further reading

* “lano”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “lano”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “lano”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lāna, Italian lana and French laine.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: [ˈlano]
* Rhymes: -ano
* Hyphenation: la‧no

### Noun

lano (accusative singular lanon, plural lanoj, accusative plural lanojn)
* wool

## Ido
### Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto lano, Latin lāna, French laine, Italian lana, Spanish lana.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈla.no/

### Noun

lano (plural lani)
* wool

#### Derived terms

* lana
* lanajo
* lanala

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈla.nɔ/
* Rhymes: -anɔ
* Syllabification: la‧no

### Verb

lano
* impersonal past of lać

## Samoan
### Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *rano, from Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw.

### Noun

lano
* lake (body of water)

## Slovak
### Etymology

Derived from Middle High German lanne (“chain”), from Old High German lanna (“metal sheet, platelet; chain”), from Vulgar Latin lanna from Latin lāmina (“sheet especially of metal”). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian ла́нац (“chain”), Slovene lanec (“chain”), Macedonian and Bulgarian ланец (lanec, “golden or silver chain”), South and Western Russian ланцу́г (lancúg, “chain”), Polish łańcuch (“chain”), Czech lano (“cable, rope”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɫanɔ/

### Noun

lano n
* rope, cable

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “lano”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰
## Old Uyghur
### Alternative forms

* 𐽲𐽾𐽰 (qrʾ /⁠ḳ(a)ra⁠/), 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (q̈ʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/), 𐽲𐾄𐽾𐽰 (q̈rʾ /⁠ḳ(a)ra⁠/)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰴𐰺𐰀 (qr¹a /⁠qara⁠/).
Perhaps related to or the donor language of Khitan 黑 (kara, “west”). Colors indicated directions in Old Turkic. Compare 𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽶 (kérü, “West, behind”) and its ablauted form 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽶 (ḳurï).
For the second sense, compare Orkhon Turkic 𐰴𐰺𐰀 (kara, “poor, miser”).

### Adjective

𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /ḳara/)
* black, swarthy, dark
* (sociology) common and vulgar, plebeian
** undated, unknown, Avadāna for Āṭavaka Demons, page 46; 168-172 (v13-17)‎:𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽻𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽹𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾀 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿 𐽲𐾄𐽰 𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽺 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽼 𐽼𐽶𐽹𐽼𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽾𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽻𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 𐽲𐾄𐽾𐽰 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽶 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾈tnkry tnkrysy pwrqʾn nynk mʾqʾt ʾwlwš q̈ʾ kʾlmyšyn pylyp pympʾzʾry ʾylyk pʾk pʾsyn q̈ʾmʾq q̈rʾ pwdwn ʾwlwq twyrlwk ʾqyr ʾyʾqyn tnkry pwrqʾn q̈ʾ ʾwtrw ʾwynty lʾr/ […] teŋri teŋrisi burḫannïŋ, Magat Ulušḳa kelmišin bilip Bimbazari ilig beg bašïn ḳamaġ ḳra budun uluġ türlüg aġïr ayaġïn teŋri burḫanḳa utru üntiler. […] /Now, when Lord Bimbazari had learned of the arrival of the perfectly-wise Buddha, god of gods, in the Kingdom of Magadha, he and all the common people went [to the lord's residence] to meet the divine Buddha with all kinds of great displays of honor.
* (by extension) simple, basic
* (in compounds) west

#### Compound terms

* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽰𐽿 (qʾrʾʾš /⁠ḳarabaš⁠/, “slave”, literally “black-head”)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽳𐽿 (qʾrʾkwš /⁠ḳaraḳuš⁠/, “vulture”)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽺𐽷 (qʾrʾcʾnk /⁠Ḳaračaŋ⁠/, “Yunnan”, literally “Western-Xiang”) (province of China)

#### Derived terms

* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽲𐽳 (qʾrʾqw /⁠ḳaraġu⁠/, “blind”)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽲𐽳 (qʾrʾnkqw /⁠ḳaraŋġu⁠/, “darkness, dark (of colors)”)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽶𐽲 (qʾrʾnlyq /⁠ḳaranlïġ⁠/, “darkness”)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽽𐽳 (qʾrʾcw /⁠ḳaraču⁠/, “people, population”) (re-borrowing from Mongolic)
* 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qʾrʾrtmʾq /⁠ḳarartmaḳ⁠/, “to blacken, to dim, to make worthless”)

#### Descendants

* Western Yugur: ɢara (qara)

### See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (pwdwq /⁠boduġ⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /⁠öŋ⁠/) (layout · text) :
| 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /⁠aḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /⁠yürüŋ⁠/) | 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /⁠boz⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/) | 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/) |
| 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /⁠al⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /⁠ḳïzïl⁠/) | 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /⁠ar⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /⁠yaġïz⁠/) | 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /⁠sarïġ⁠/), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴 (krʾz /⁠ḳaraža⁠/) |
| | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yʾš /⁠yaš⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yašïl⁠/) | |
| 𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /⁠čač⁠/) | 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (cʾkyr /⁠čaḳïr⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /⁠köküš⁠/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /⁠razavart⁠/) |
| 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /⁠yipgin⁠/) | | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /⁠ḳïzġan⁠/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /⁠sazġan⁠/) |

### References

* Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳara”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 167
* Gabain, von Annamarie (1959). Türkische Turfan Texte X: Das Avadâna des Dämons Âtavaka Bearbeitet von Tadeusz Kowalski. Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften. page 18
* Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kara ~ k(a)ra”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 333-334
# vákuum
## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Latin vacuum (“an empty space, void”), noun use of neuter of vacuus (“empty”), related to vacare (“be empty”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvaːkum] (phonetic respelling: vákum)
* Hyphenation: vá‧ku‧um
* Rhymes: -um

### Noun

vákuum (plural vákuumok)
* vacuum (region of space that contains no matter)

#### Declension
### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* vákuum in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Slovak
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vacuum (“an empty space, void”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈvaːkuum]

### Noun

vákuum n (relational adjective vákuový)
* vacuum (region of space that contains no matter)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “vákuum”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
# Spik
## Dutch
### Etymology

First attested as spik around 1391. Probably derived from spek (“brushwood”). A derivation from Middle Dutch spiker (“corn barn”) is less likely.
See also Limburgish De Sjpik.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /spɪk/
* Hyphenation: Spik
* Rhymes: -ɪk
* Homophone: spik

### Proper noun

Spik n
* A hamlet in Roermond, Limburg, Netherlands

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN