# 疊

| 疊 | U+758A, &#30090; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-758A |
| ← 疉 [U+7589] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 疋 → [U+758B] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 疊 |
| Shinjitai | 畳 |
| Simplified | 叠 |

### Han character

疊 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+17, 22 strokes, cangjie input 田田田一 (WWWM), four-corner 6010$_7$, composition ⿱畾冝)

#### Descendants

* 畳, 叠

#### Derived characters

* 㜼 㩹 㲲 䴑 𣡭 𨈈 𨐁 𣱃 𠠯 𤴍 𫊜

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 767, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21983
* Dae Jaweon: page 1177, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2555, character 14
* Unihan data for U+758A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 疊
* Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
* Transcribed ancient scripts
| | Old Chinese |
| 曡 | *l'ɯːb |
| 疊 | *l'ɯːb |
畾 + 宜 – a pile.
Originally as 曡, with 晶 (jīng) on top. Shuowen commented that the shape change was promoted by emperor of the short-lived Xin Dynasty, who deemed the use of three "suns" (日) in this character too empowering - compared to three "fields" (田).

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/l-t(y)ap (“fold, layer, pile up, repeat”). Cognate with 摺 (OC *ruːb, *ʔljob, “to fold”), 褶 (OC *ʔljob, *l'ɯːb, *ljub, *ɦljub, “lined dress”), Tibetan ལྟབ (ltab, “to fold, gather up, to lay or put together”), ལྡེབ (ldeb, “to bend round or back, to turn round, to double down”), ལྡབ (ldab, “to fold up, repeat, do again”), Burmese ထပ် (htap, “to stack, layer”) and Burmese လိပ် (lip, “to fold up, to roll up”) (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dié (die$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄝˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): daap$^6$ / dip$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thia̍p
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tiab$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): tăk / diĕk
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): de$^2$ / dieh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tha̍h / thia̍p / tia̍p
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tah$^8$ / tiab$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$diq; $^8$deq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dié
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dié
*** Wade–Giles: tieh$^2$
*** Yale: dyé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dye
*** Palladius: де (de)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: daap$^6$ / dip$^6$
*** Yale: daahp / dihp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: daap$^9$ / dip$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dab$^6$ / dib$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /taːp̚²/, /tiːp̚²/
* daap6 - vernacular;
* dip6 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: dep
Rime :
| Character | 疊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 怗 (158) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 徒協切 |
| Baxter | dep |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dep̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dep̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɛp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dɛp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /dep̚/ |
| Wang Li | /diep̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱiep̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dié |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | dip$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤ[i]p/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 疊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dié |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dep › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁ[i]p/ |
| English | double, accumulate |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 疊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2365 |
| Phonetic component | 疊 |
| Rime group | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 牒 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ɯːb/ |
| Notes | 同曡 |

### Definitions

疊
* to fold; to fold up
* to fold over in layers; to pile up; to be piled up
* to repeat; to duplicate; to be repetitious
* Classifier for piles/layers.
* (Southern Min) to add; to increase (over the existing foundation)
* Alternative form of 㲲 (dié)
* a surname, Die

#### Synonyms

* (to fold): 折疊／折叠 (zhédié)
* (to pile up):
* 攢 / 攒
* 沉積 / 沉积 (chénjī) (figurative)
* 積累 / 积累 (jīlěi)
* 積聚 / 积聚 (jījù)
* 累加 (lěijiā)
* 累積 / 累积 (lěijī)
* (to repeat): 重複／重复 (chóngfù)
* (classifier for piles/layers): (Hokkien) 枼 (i̍h)

#### Compounds

* 一疊聲 / 一叠声
* 三疊紀 / 三叠纪 (Sāndié Jì)
* 九疊篆 / 九叠篆
* 二疊系 / 二叠系
* 二疊紀 / 二叠纪 (Èrdié Jì)
* 亞肩疊背 / 亚肩叠背
* 併疊 / 并叠
* 堆疊 / 堆叠 (duīdié)
* 壓肩疊背 / 压肩叠背
* 套疊 / 套叠 (tàodié)
* 定疊 / 定叠
* 屏風九疊 / 屏风九叠
* 層出疊見 / 层出叠见 (céngchūdiéxiàn)
* 層巒疊嶂 / 层峦叠嶂
* 層疊 / 层叠 (céngdié)
* 層見疊出 / 层见叠出 (céngxiàndiéchū)
* 山巒重疊 / 山峦重叠
* 打疊 / 打叠
* 折疊 / 折叠 (zhédié)
* 挨肩疊背 / 挨肩叠背
* 挺胸疊肚 / 挺胸叠肚
* 摺疊 / 折叠 (zhédié)
* 摺疊扇 / 折叠扇
* 琴心三疊 / 琴心三叠
* 疊加 / 叠加 (diéjiā)
* 疊印 / 叠印
* 疊句 / 叠句 (diéjù)
* 疊字 / 叠字 (diézì)
* 疊層 / 叠层
* 疊層岩 / 叠层岩
* 疊層石 / 叠层石
* 疊嶂 / 叠嶂
* 疊嶺層巒 / 叠岭层峦
* 疊巘 / 叠𪩘
* 疊床架屋 / 叠床架屋 (diéchuángjiàwū)
* 疊彩 / 叠彩 (Diécǎi)
* 疊接 / 叠接
* 疊映 / 叠映
* 疊棋 / 叠棋
* 疊次 / 叠次
* 疊燮 / 叠燮 (diéxiè)
* 疊疊 / 叠叠 (diédié)
* 疊矩重規 / 叠矩重规
* 疊碼仔 / 叠码仔 (diémǎzǎi)
* 疊羅漢 / 叠罗汉 (diéluóhàn)
* 疊蓆 / 叠席 (diéxí)
* 疊被 / 叠被
* 疊詞 / 叠词 (diécí)
* 疊韻 / 叠韵 (diéyùn)
* 稠疊 / 稠叠
* 積疊 / 积叠
* 聯肩疊背 / 联肩叠背
* 腸套疊 / 肠套叠 (chángtàodié)
* 規重矩疊 / 规重矩叠
* 連雲疊嶂 / 连云叠嶂
* 重三疊四 / 重三叠四
* 重巖疊嶂 / 重岩叠嶂
* 重疊 / 重叠 (chóngdié)
* 重裀疊褥 / 重裀叠褥
* 重規疊矩 / 重规叠矩
* 重重疊疊 / 重重叠叠
* 陽關三疊 / 阳关三叠
* 類疊 / 类叠
* 鬥疊 / 斗叠

### References

* “疊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “叠”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 201.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 畳 |
| Kyūjitai | 疊 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 畳)

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): じょう (jō)、ちょう (chō)
* Kun: たたむ (tatamu, 疊む)、たたみ (tatami, 疊)、かさねる (kasaneru, 疊ねる)

#### Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 疊 – see the following entry. :
| 【畳】S | [kanji] jōyō kanji Kanji reading: じょう, ちょう, かさなる, かさねる, たたむ, たたみ, あき |
(This term, 疊, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

疊 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

疊: Hán Việt readings: điệp
疊: Nôm readings: điệp, đệp, xếp
* chữ Hán form of điệp (“fold in layers”).

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).