# 宰

| 宰 | U+5BB0, &#23472; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB0 |
| ← 宯 [U+5BAF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 宱 → [U+5BB1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

宰 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十卜廿十 (JYTJ), four-corner 3040$_1$, composition ⿱宀辛)

#### Derived characters

* 𠹼 𢟓 𢲟 滓 榟 㱰 𥻮 縡 䏁 䮨 䔂

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 286, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7160
* Dae Jaweon: page 565, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 935, character 6
* Unihan data for U+5BB0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 宰 | *ʔsɯːʔ |
| 縡 | *ʔsɯːʔ, *ʔsɯːs |
| 梓 | *ʔsɯʔ |
| 滓 | *ʔsrɯʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 宀 (“house”) + 䇂 (“crime; sin”).
In the modern form, contains 辛 instead.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zǎi (zai$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zai$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chái
* Jin (Wiktionary): zai$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cāi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chái / cháiⁿ / táiⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zai$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zǎi
*** Wade–Giles: tsai$^3$
*** Yale: dzǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzae
*** Palladius: цзай (czaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zai$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zaai
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoi$^2$
*** Yale: jói
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zoi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːi̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chái
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sai⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cāi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chái
*** Tâi-lô: tsái
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zae
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sai⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tsáinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zvae
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sãi⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sãi⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: táiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: táinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dvae
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tãi⁵³/
* chái/cháiⁿ - literary;
* táiⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsojX
Rime :
| Character | 宰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 作亥切 |
| Baxter | tsojX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʌi$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡səi$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɒi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡səj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sᴀi$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɒi$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /t͡sɑ̆i$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zǎi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 宰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zǎi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsoj$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁəʔ/ |
| English | steward; minister |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 宰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16506 |
| Phonetic component | 宰 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 宰 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsɯːʔ/ |

### Definitions

宰
* to slaughter; to butcher
    宰殺／宰杀 ― zǎishā ― to slaughter; to butcher
    宰了一頭豬／宰了一头猪 ― zǎi le yī tóu zhū ― slaughtered one pig
* (historical) prefect; minister
    縣宰／县宰 ― xiànzǎi ― head of a county; county magistrate
* to govern; to rule
    主宰 ― zhǔzǎi ― to dominate; to rule; to dictate;
* (colloquial) to overcharge
    挨宰 ― ái zǎi ― to get ripped off
    宰客 ― zǎikè ― to rip off customers
* a surname, Zai

#### Synonyms

* (to slaughter):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 宰, 屠 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 宰殺, 屠宰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 宰, 殺, 治 fish |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 宰, 殺 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 殺 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 宰, 殺, 治 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 宰, 殺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 宰, 殺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 宰, 殺, 治 fish |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 殺, 宰, 治 fish |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 殺, 治 fish |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 劏, 善 chicken |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 劏 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 劏 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 殺, 治 fish |
| Hakka | Meixian | 治, 刣 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 治 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 劏, 捋 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 劏 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 治 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 劏, 治 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 劏, 捋 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 治 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 治, 劏 chicken |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 治 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 治 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 捋, 劏 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) | 捋, 劏 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) | 捋 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) | 捋 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 劏 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 劏, 度 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 劏 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 治 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 治 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 治 |
| Hakka | Changting | 治 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 治 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 治 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 治 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 治 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 破 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 治 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 治 pig, 殺 chicken |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 殺 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 治 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 治 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 破 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 治 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 治 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 治 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 治 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 治 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 治 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 劏 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 劏 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 劏 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 劏 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 宰, 殺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 刣 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 刣 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 刣 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 刣 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刣, 刺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 刣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 刣 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 刣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 刣 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 刣 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 刣 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 刣 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 戮 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 戮 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 戮 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 戮 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 戮 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 戮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 殺 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 殺 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 㷟, 殺 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 殺, 宰 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 殺 |

### Compounds

* 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
* 任人宰割 (rènrénzǎigē)
* 伴食宰相
* 元宰
* 冢宰 (zhǒngzǎi)
* 出宰
* 圓宰 / 圆宰
* 大冢宰
* 太宰 (tàizǎi)
* 宰予
* 宰制 (zǎizhì)
* 宰割 (zǎigē)
* 宰夫
* 宰客 (zǎikè)
* 宰我
* 宰殺 / 宰杀 (zǎishā)
* 宰牲節 / 宰牲节 (Zǎishēngjié)
* 宰相 (zǎixiàng)
* 宰衡 (zǎihéng)
* 宰輔 / 宰辅
* 屠宰 (túzǎi)
* 屠宰場 / 屠宰场 (túzǎichǎng)
* 屠宰稅 / 屠宰税
* 山中宰相
* 庖宰
* 廊廟宰 / 廊庙宰
* 弄獐宰相
* 彭澤宰 / 彭泽宰
* 摸稜宰相 / 摸棱宰相
* 敲牛宰馬 / 敲牛宰马
* 烹宰
* 甌宰 / 瓯宰
* 當朝宰相 / 当朝宰相
* 真宰
* 縣宰 / 县宰
* 荃宰
* 邑宰
* 里宰
* 鐵血宰相 / 铁血宰相
* 電宰廠 / 电宰厂
* 電宰豬肉 / 电宰猪肉
* 風流宰相 / 风流宰相

### References

* “宰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* superintend

#### Readings

* Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
* Kun: つかさどる (tsukasadoru, 宰る)、つかさ (tsukasa, 宰)、みこともち (mikotomochi, 宰)
* Nanori: おさむ (osamu, 宰)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 宰
* みこともち Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 宰 – see the following entry. :
| 【みこともち】 | [noun] (archaic, possibly obsolete, historical) in ancient Japan prior to the Taika Reform, a governor appointed by the emperor to carry out imperial policies in the provinces Alternative spelling 司 |
(This term, 宰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 宰
* おさむ Grade: S
* nanori
For pronunciation and definitions of 宰 – see the following entry. :
| 【おさむ】 | [proper noun] 修, 収, 宰, 摂, 治, 理, 納, 道: a male given name Alternative spellings 修, 収, 摂, 治, 理, 納, 道 |
(This term, 宰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 宰
* つかさ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 宰 – see the following entry. :
| 【長つかさ】2 | [noun] a manager, a headman, a foreman [noun] an official [noun] government service [proper noun] a surname [proper noun] a unisex given name Alternative spellings 官, 司, 首, 省 |
(This term, 宰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 宰 (MC tsojX). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄌᆡ〯 (cǒy) (Yale: cǒy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕɛ(ː)] ~ [t͡ɕe̞(ː)]
* Phonetic hangul: [재(ː)/제(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

### Hanja

Wikisource 宰 (eumhun 재상 재 (jaesang jae))
* hanja form of 재 (“official (person)”)

#### Compounds

* 재상 (宰相, jaesang)
* 주재 (主宰, jujae)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

宰: Hán Nôm readings: tể
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.