# san
## Translingual
### Symbol

san
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sanskrit.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Sanskrit terms

## English
### Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek σάν (sán), from Semitic.

#### Noun

san (plural sans)
* A letter of the Archaic Greek alphabet (uppercase Ϻ, lowercase ϻ) that came after pi and before qoppa.

##### Translations
#### See also

* sigma
* San (letter) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Etymology 2

Shortening of sanatorium.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sæn/
* Audio (US):(file)
* Rhymes: -æn

#### Noun

san (plural sans)
* (dated, informal) A sanatorium.
** 1940, Enid Blyton, The Naughtiest Girl in the School:"Haven't you heard?" said Belinda. "Joan's ill! She'd got a high temperature, and she's in bed in the San."
** 1958, Doris Lessing, A Ripple From the Storm, HarperPerennial, published 1995, page 122:‘I was in the san for ten months before the war. I know all the gen about being sick.’
** 2005, Dan Soucoup, Richard Thorne McCully, McCully's New Brunswick, page 137:River Glade Sanatorium, River Glade, June 25, 1931. The "San" at River Glade with the Petitcodiac River in the background.

#### See also

* eco-san
* san fairy ann (etymologically unrelated)

### Anagrams

* ANS, NAS, NAs, NSA, SNA, ans, ans.

## Afar
### Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔisŋʷ-. Cognates include Hadiyya sane, Oromo funyaan, Sidamo sano, Somali san and Saho san.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsan/ [ˈsʌn]
* Hyphenation: san

### Noun

sán m (plural sanitté f or sanwá f)
* nose

#### References

* Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 61

## Atong (India)
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

san
* day

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsan]

### Noun

san f (plural sans)
* San; the Archaic Greek letter Ϻ (lowercase ϻ)

## Classical Nahuatl
### Particle

san
* Alternative spelling of zan

## Comechingon
### Noun

san
* river

### References

* wordlist in Los Comechingones, in Serie aborígenes argentinos, volume 1 (1945), also in the Boletín de la Academia Argentina de Letras, volume 13, issue 47 (1944)

## Cypriot Arabic
### Etymology

From the diminutive of Arabic لِسَان (lisān).

### Noun

san f (plural sanát)
* tongue
* language

#### Derived terms

* sanna

### References

* Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 417

## Dongxiang
### Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sam, compare Mongolian сам (sam).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sɑŋ/

### Noun

san
* comb

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek σάν (sán).

### Noun

san c (plural san's, diminutive sannetje n)
* san (archaic Greek letter)

### Further reading

* san (letter) on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{nl}$

## Finnish
### Etymology

< Ancient Greek σάν (sán)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsɑn/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝n]
* Rhymes: -ɑn
* Hyphenation: san

### Noun

san
* san (letter in Ancient Greek alphabet)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of san (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sanini
sanini
accusative
nom.
sanini
sanini
gen.
sanini
genitive
sanini
sanieni
partitive
saniani
sanejani
inessive
sanissani
saneissani
elative
sanistani
saneistani
illative
saniini
saneihini
adessive
sanillani
saneillani
ablative
saniltani
saneiltani
allative
sanilleni
saneilleni
essive
saninani
saneinani
translative
sanikseni
saneikseni
abessive
sanittani
saneittani
instructive
comitative
—saneineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sanisi
sanisi
accusative
nom.
sanisi
sanisi
gen.
sanisi
genitive
sanisi
saniesi
partitive
saniasi
sanejasi
inessive
sanissasi
saneissasi
elative
sanistasi
saneistasi
illative
saniisi
saneihisi
adessive
sanillasi
saneillasi
ablative
saniltasi
saneiltasi
allative
sanillesi
saneillesi
essive
saninasi
saneinasi
translative
saniksesi
saneiksesi
abessive
sanittasi
saneittasi
instructive
comitative
—saneinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
sanimme
sanimme
accusative
nom.
sanimme
sanimme
gen.
sanimme
genitive
sanimme
saniemme
partitive
saniamme
sanejamme
inessive
sanissamme
saneissamme
elative
sanistamme
saneistamme
illative
saniimme
saneihimme
adessive
sanillamme
saneillamme
ablative
saniltamme
saneiltamme
allative
sanillemme
saneillemme
essive
saninamme
saneinamme
translative
saniksemme
saneiksemme
abessive
sanittamme
saneittamme
instructive
comitative
—saneinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
saninne
saninne
accusative
nom.
saninne
saninne
gen.
saninne
genitive
saninne
sanienne
partitive
sanianne
sanejanne
inessive
sanissanne
saneissanne
elative
sanistanne
saneistanne
illative
saniinne
saneihinne
adessive
sanillanne
saneillanne
ablative
saniltanne
saneiltanne
allative
sanillenne
saneillenne
essive
saninanne
saneinanne
translative
saniksenne
saneiksenne
abessive
sanittanne
saneittanne
instructive
comitative
—saneinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
saninsa
saninsa
accusative
nom.
saninsa
saninsa
gen.
saninsa
genitive
saninsa
saniensa
partitive
saniaan saniansa
sanejaan sanejansa
inessive
sanissaan sanissansa
saneissaan saneissansa
elative
sanistaan sanistansa
saneistaan saneistansa
illative
saniinsa
saneihinsa
adessive
sanillaan sanillansa
saneillaan saneillansa
ablative
saniltaan saniltansa
saneiltaan saneiltansa
allative
sanilleen sanillensa
saneilleen saneillensa
essive
saninaan saninansa
saneinaan saneinansa
translative
sanikseen saniksensa
saneikseen saneiksensa
abessive
sanittaan sanittansa
saneittaan saneittansa
instructive
comitative
—saneineen saneinensa :

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin sānus.

### Adjective

san (feminine sana, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sanes) (ORB, broad)
* healthy

#### Derived terms

* santât

### References

* sain in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
* san in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## French
### Pronunciation 1

* IPA: /san/

#### Noun

san m (plural san)
* san (Greek letter)

### Pronunciation 2

* IPA: /sɑ̃/
* Homophones: cent, cents, sang, sangs, sans, sens, sent

#### Etymology

Blend of son +‎ sa.

#### Determiner

san n (singular, plural ses)
* (gender-neutral, neologism) his, her, their, its
    Je connais très bien san partenaire.I know their partner wery well.

##### See also

* iel
* man
* tan

### Anagrams

* ans

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin sānus.

### Adjective

san
* healthy, sound

#### Related terms

* sanetât

## Galician
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsaŋ/ [ˈs̺ɑŋ]
* Rhymes: -aŋ

### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese san, from Latin sanctus. Cognate with Portuguese são and Spanish san.

#### Alternative forms

* San

#### Adjective

san m (apocopate, standard form santo)
* (before nouns which began by a consonant) Apocopic form of santo (“saint”)

### Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese são (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sānus. Cognate with Portuguese são and Spanish sano.

#### Alternative forms

* sao

#### Adjective

san (feminine sa, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sas)
* healthy, sound
** 1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:Ay Jesús! miña Joiña! non falemos nesto mais, que dá grima sò o pensalo, Deus vos garde bo é san. Santiago. Febreiro doce Aÿ! que non sey que me dà, que me esfraquezo de todo, è non podo vafexàr.Oh, Jesus! My Jewel! Let's not talk about this anymore because it brings creeps just to think about it. God take care of you, safe and sound. Santiago, February twelve Oh!, I don't know what happens to me I'm totally weakening and I can't breathe

##### Related terms

* sandar

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “são”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “san”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “são”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “san”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “san”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “san”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Garifuna
### Etymology

Probably from French cent.

### Numeral

san
* hundred

## Haitian Creole
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sã/

### Etymology 1

From French cent (“hundred”).

#### Numeral

san
* hundred

### Etymology 2

From French sang (“blood”).

#### Noun

san
* blood

## Hokkien

* For pronunciation and definitions of san – see 山 (“mountain; hill; hill-shaped object; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 山).

## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”), from Proto-Celtic *in sindū/sindai (“in the m sg/f sg dative”), *in sindom/sindam (“into the m sg/f sg accusative”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˠən̪ˠ/, /sˠənˠ/ (before a, o, u, fha, fho, fhu)
* IPA: /sˠənʲ/ (before e, i, fhe, fhi)

#### Contraction

san
* preposition i + definite article an: in the (singular)

##### Usage notes

Used before vowel sounds and f (which lenites); (otherwise, sa is used):
* san amhrán ― in the song
* san fhocal ― in the word
Often understood to be a contraction of ins an, but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while ins is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.

##### Related terms

| Basic form | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Contracted with | Copular forms | Copular forms | Copular forms |
| Basic form | an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) |
| de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dár | dar | darb | darbh |
| faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh |
| i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inar | inarb | inarbh |
| le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh |
| ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh |
| trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh |
| *Dialectal. |||||||||||

#### Further reading

* Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, →DOI, →JSTOR, §67, page 17
* McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “san”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* “san”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sˠən̪ˠ/, /sˠənˠ/

#### Determiner

san
* (nonstandard) Alternative form of sin (“that”) (used after a broad consonant)
    an fear san ― that man (standard: an fear sin)

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsan/
* Rhymes: -an
* Hyphenation: sàn

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

san m or f (uncountable)
* san (Greek letter)

### Etymology 2

* see santo

#### Noun

san m (apocopated)
* (used before a consonant) Apocopic form of santo saint
    San Pietro ― Saint Peter

#### See also

* sant', santo

## Japanese
### Romanization

san
* Rōmaji transcription of さん
* Rōmaji transcription of サン

## Karaim
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sā-. Compare to Turkish san, Southern Altai сагыш (sagïš), etc.

### Noun

san
* number

### References

* N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “san”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

## Khasi
### Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *san. Compare Pnar san, Lyngngam san, War-Jaintia san.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /san/

### Numeral

san
* five

### Verb

san
* to grow up

### References

* Singh, U Nissor (1906) Khasi-English dictionary‎, Shillong: Eastern Bengal and Assam Secretariat Press, page 183. Searchable online at SEAlang.net.

## Kuna
### Noun

san
* meat

## Lombard
### Etymology

Akin to Italian sano, from Latin sanus.

### Adjective

san
* healthy

## Mandarin
### Romanization

san (san$^5$ / san$^0$, Zhuyin ˙ㄙㄢ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠮿
san
* Nonstandard spelling of sān.
* Nonstandard spelling of sǎn.
* Nonstandard spelling of sàn.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

A contracted form of earlier sægen, from Old English sæċġan, alternative form of seċġan.

#### Verb

sãn
* Alternative form of seien

### Etymology 2

From Old French san, alternative form of senz.

#### Preposition

san
* Alternative form of saunz

## Norman
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin sum, from Classical Latin suum.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Jersey):(file)

### Determiner

san m
* (Jersey) his, her, its (used to qualify masculine nouns)

## North Frisian
### Etymology 1

From Old Frisian sunne f. Cognates include West Frisian sinne. The change of gender in Föhr-Amrum dialect has to do with the general merger of the feminine into the neuter, during which process a number of feminines became masculine instead.

#### Noun

san m or f
* (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) sun
    A san gungt up. ― The sun rises.
    A san gungt oner. ― The sun sets.

##### Usage notes

* Masculine on Föhr and Amrum, feminine in Mooring.

##### Alternative forms

* Sen (Sylt)

### Etymology 2

From Old Frisian sīn.

#### Determiner

san (feminine and neuter sin, plural sin)
* (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) his (third-person singular masculine possessive determiner)
* (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) its (third-person singular neuter posssessive determiner)
* (Föhr-Amrum) her (third-person singular feminine possessive determiner)

##### Alternative forms

* (her): harn (Mooring), höör (Sylt)

#### Pronoun

san (feminine and neuter sin, plural (Föhr-Amrum) sinen or (Mooring) sin)
* (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) his (third-person singular masculine possessive pronoun)
* (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) its (third-person singular neuter posssessive pronoun)
* (Föhr-Amrum) hers (third-person singular feminine possessive pronoun)

##### Alternative forms

* (her): harn (Mooring), höör (Sylt)

#### See also

* The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
* At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
* Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör.
* Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.
* The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.
The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / unk and jat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.
* The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
* Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
* The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
* Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

### Etymology 3

Derived from the third-person plural and subjunctive of the present of Old Frisian wesa. Compare Old English sind, Dutch zijn, German sein, sind.

#### Verb

san
* (Föhr-Amrum) first-person singular present of wees
* (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) plural present of wees(e)

##### Alternative forms

* (1st person): ban (Mooring), sen (Sylt)
* (plural): sen (Sylt)

## Old Czech
### Alternative forms

* saň, saně

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sanь.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈsan/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈsan/

### Noun

san f or m animal
* dragon
    Synonym: drak

#### Related terms

* sáni

#### Descendants

* Czech: saň

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “san”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old French
### Noun

san oblique singular, m (oblique plural sans, nominative singular sans, nominative plural san)
* Alternative form of sens

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* 𑀲𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
* सन् (Devanagari script)
* সন্ (Bengali script)
* සන් (Sinhalese script)
* သန် or သၼ် (Burmese script)
* สนฺ or สัน (Thai script)
* ᩈᨶ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
* ສນ຺ or ສັນ (Lao script)
* សន៑ (Khmer script)
* 𑄥𑄚𑄴 (Chakma script)

### Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit श्वन् (śvan).

### Noun

san m
* dog

#### Declension

Only consensus forms are shown.

#### Descendants

* → Thai: สา (sǎa)

### References

* Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “san”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

## Pnar
### Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *san, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *suun ~ *suən ~ *sən; cognate with Khasi san, Mang han², Mon မသုန် (pəsɔn) and Proto-Palaungic *pəsan (whence Riang [Lang] kʰan¹ and Danau θʊn⁴).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /san/

### Numeral

san
* (cardinal number) five

## Rohingya
### Alternative forms

* 𐴏𐴝𐴕 (san) — Hanifi Rohingya script

### Etymology

From Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra); cognate with Bengali চাঁদ (cãd).

### Noun

san (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴕)
* moon

## Romani
### Verb

san
* second-person singular present indicative of si

## Scottish Gaelic
### Etymology

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”).

### Preposition

san
* in the
    san anmoch ― in the evening
    san fhad-ùine ― in the long run
    san t-seanchas ― in conversation
    san achadh bhuan ― in the harvest field

#### Usage notes

* This form is not used before nouns beginning with b, c, g, m or p, where sa is used instead.
* If followed by f, the f is lenited:
    facal - word,
    san fhacal - in the word.
* Often understood to be a contraction of anns an, but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while anns is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.

#### Related terms

* ann an
* anns

### References

* Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, →DOI, →JSTOR, §67, page 17
* McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súpnas, from Proto-Indo-European *supnós.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sân/

### Noun

sȁn m (Cyrillic spelling са̏н)
* sleep
* dream
    Šta si videla u tom snu? ― What did you see in that dream?
** 1993, Bajaga i Instruktori (lyrics and music), “Ovo je Balkan”, in Bajaga i Instruktori (lyrics), Muzika na struju‎, performed by Bajaga i Instruktori, Produkcija Stig:Ovo je ovde Balkan, Zemlja iz sna, Između moćnih sila Dobra i zla.This here is the Balkans A land from dreams Between powerful forces Good and evil.

#### Derived terms

* sȁnak
* sànen
* sánjati
* snȉti
* snòvati
* snòvid
* snȍvit

### References

* “san”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Somali
### Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔisŋʷ-. Cognates include Afar san, Hadiyya sane, Oromo funyaan, Saho san and Sidamo sano. Possibly related to Egyptian sn (“to smell”).

### Noun

san ?
* nose

### References

* san Afmaal Somali-English Dictionary.

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsan/ [ˈsãn]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: san

### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* San (in proper nouns, capitalized)

#### Noun

san m (plural sanes)
* (Dominican Republic) financial, temporal-savings scheme; the participants periodically contribute a quota to a communal pot that is given to one member, based on his/her turn amongst all the others

#### Adjective

san m (apocopate, standard form santo)
* (before the noun) Apocopic form of santo (“saint”)

##### Usage notes

* Not used in front names beginning with To- or Do- syllables like Tomás, Tomé, Toribio, and Domingo. Santo is used instead.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

san f (plural sanes)
* san; the Greek letter M, ϻ

### Further reading

* “san”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

## Tagalog
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈsan/ [ˈsan̪]
* Rhymes: -an
* Syllabification: san

### Pronoun

san (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔)
* Informal form of saan.

## Tatar
### Noun

san
* number
* shin, hind leg
* limb

## Ter Sami
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian са́ни (sáni).

### Noun

san
* sledge, sleigh

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Tok Pisin
### Etymology

From English sun.

### Noun

san
* sun
** 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:15:God i mekim kamap tupela bikpela lait. Bikpela em san bilong givim lait long de, na liklik em mun bilong givim lait long nait. Na God i mekim kamap ol sta tu.→New International Version translation

#### Derived terms

* sankamap

## Torres Strait Creole
### Etymology

From English sun.

### Noun

san
* sun

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish صان (san), a derivation from Proto-Turkic *sā- (“to count”). Related to say- (“to count”) and san- (“to consider”).

### Noun

san (definite accusative sanı, plural sanlar)
* name
* reputation

#### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
san
sanlar
definite accusative
sanı
sanları
dative
sana
sanlara
locative
sanda
sanlarda
ablative
sandan
sanlardan
genitive
sanın
sanların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
sanım
sanlarım
2nd singular
sanın
sanların
3rd singular
sanı
sanları
1st plural
sanımız
sanlarımız
2nd plural
sanınız
sanlarınız
3rd plural
sanları
sanları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
sanımı
sanlarımı
2nd singular
sanını
sanlarını
3rd singular
sanını
sanlarını
1st plural
sanımızı
sanlarımızı
2nd plural
sanınızı
sanlarınızı
3rd plural
sanlarını
sanlarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
sanıma
sanlarıma
2nd singular
sanına
sanlarına
3rd singular
sanına
sanlarına
1st plural
sanımıza
sanlarımıza
2nd plural
sanınıza
sanlarınıza
3rd plural
sanlarına
sanlarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
sanımda
sanlarımda
2nd singular
sanında
sanlarında
3rd singular
sanında
sanlarında
1st plural
sanımızda
sanlarımızda
2nd plural
sanınızda
sanlarınızda
3rd plural
sanlarında
sanlarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
sanımdan
sanlarımdan
2nd singular
sanından
sanlarından
3rd singular
sanından
sanlarından
1st plural
sanımızdan
sanlarımızdan
2nd plural
sanınızdan
sanlarınızdan
3rd plural
sanlarından
sanlarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
sanımın
sanlarımın
2nd singular
sanının
sanlarının
3rd singular
sanının
sanlarının
1st plural
sanımızın
sanlarımızın
2nd plural
sanınızın
sanlarınızın
3rd plural
sanlarının
sanlarının
Predicative forms
singular
plural
1st singular
sanım
sanlarım
2nd singular
sansın
sanlarsın
3rd singular
san sandır
sanlar sanlardır
1st plural
sanız
sanlarız
2nd plural
sansınız
sanlarsınız
3rd plural
sanlar
sanlardır :

#### Derived terms

* ad san

#### Related terms

* saymak
* sanmak

#### Further reading

* “san”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu

## Venetan
### Etymology

From Latin sanus.

### Adjective

san
* healthy

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [saːn˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʂaːŋ˧˧] ~ [saːŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʂaːŋ˧˧] ~ [saːŋ˧˧]

### Verb

san • (刊, 刪, 删, 湌, 鏟)
* to flatten
* to make equal

#### Derived terms

* san bằng
* san lấn
* san lấp
* san phẳng
* san sẻ

## Yoruba
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Igala ra

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sã̄/

#### Verb

san
* to pay
    Ó ti san owó orí ìyàwó. ― He has paid the bride price.

##### Derived terms

* sanwó

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sã̀/

#### Verb

sàn
* to be good; to be well
    Synonyms: dára, yááyì
    Ó sàn kí a sinmi. ― It's good that we rest.
* to heal
    Ọgbẹ́ ti sàn. ― The wound has healed.

##### Derived terms

* wò sàn (“to heal”)
* àìsàn (“sickness”)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sã́/

#### Verb

sán
* (with àrá (“thunder”)) to thunder
    Àrá ń sán. ― Thunder is striking.

### Etymology 4

Compare Nupe sán (“to split; to ache (head)”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sã́/

#### Verb

sán
* to crack; to split
    Òkúta ti sán. ― The rock has split.
* (with orí (“head”)) to ache
    Synonym: fọ́
    Orí ń sán mi. ― My head is aching me.

## Zhuang
### Etymology

From Proto-Tai *saːn. Cognate with Thai สาน (sǎan), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ສານ (sān), Lü ᦉᦱᧃ (ṡaan), Khün ᩈᩣ᩠ᨶ, Shan သၢၼ် (sǎan), Ahom 𑜏𑜃𑜫 (san).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Zhuang) IPA: /θaːn˨˦/
* Tone numbers: san$^1$
* Hyphenation: san

### Verb

san (1957–1982 spelling san)
* to weave