# dal
## Translingual
### Alternative forms

daL

### Symbol

dal
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Dahalo.
* (metrology) Symbol for decalitre, an SI unit of fluid measure equal to 10$^1$ litres.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Dahalo terms

## English
### Alternative forms

* dahl, dhal, daal, dholl, doll

### Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi दाल (dāl) or Bengali ডাল (ḍal).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /dɑːl/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑːl

### Noun

dal (countable and uncountable, plural dals)
* Any of many dried husked pulses (legume), including peas, beans and lentils.
* A dish made from lentils, cooked with spices, tomatoes and onions etc.
** 1934, George Orwell, chapter 6, in Burmese Days‎:A stout Burmese woman, wife of a constable, was kneeling outside the cage ladling rice and watery dahl into tin pannikins.
* A tropical herb with yellow flowers; the pigeon pea.

#### Synonyms

* legume
* pulse

#### Derived terms

* chana dal
* dal tarka
* masoor dal
* urad dal

#### Translations
### See also

* dal segno (different etymology)

### References

* John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “dal”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

### Anagrams

* ADL, LDA, DLA, LAD, ALD, Ald., lad

## Afrikaans
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch dal, from Old Dutch dal, from Proto-West Germanic *dal (“valley, dale”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dɑl]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

dal (plural dale)
* dale, valley

### References

* 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

## Albanian
### Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *dala, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁-. Compare Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō, “to grow, bloom, thrive”), Welsh deillio (“to emanate, derive”).

### Verb

dal (aorist dola, participle dalë) (active)
* (active voice) to exit, go out
* (active voice) to leave

#### Conjugation

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

### Verb

dílet (aorist -, participle dalë) (passive)
* (passive voice, impersonal, third person) to come; to do come

#### Antonyms

* hyj

#### Derived terms

* dala
* dale
* dalë
* dalët
* dalja
* dalje
* dilet
* ndal
* ndala
* ndalem
* ndalesa
* ndalesë
* ndalë
* ndalohem
* ndaloj
* ndaluar
* ndalues
* ndaluese
* ndalur

### References

* ↑ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “dal”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 54
* ↑ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 120

### Further reading

* FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎, 1980
* “dal”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
* Newmark, L. (1999) “dal”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎

## Azerbaijani
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dɑɫ]
* Audio (Baku):(file)

### Etymology 1

Cognate with Chagatai and Ottoman Turkish دال (dal, “back”). Compare also dialectal Turkish dal (“back; arm; shoulder”), Kyrgyz далы (dalı, “shoulder blade”).
Possibly of Mongolic origin; compare Mongolian дал (dal, “shoulder; shoulder blade”).

#### Noun

dal (definite accusative dalı, plural dallar)
* back, rear
    Synonyms: arxa, ard
    Antonyms: qabaq, ön
* (anatomy) back
    Synonyms: bel, kürək
* bottom, buttocks, nates, posterior, seat
    Synonym: (vulgar) göt
* (dated) end
    Synonym: son
* (colloquial) sequel, continuation; something which is continued
    Synonyms: ard, davam

##### Derived terms

* dalında
* dalınca

#### References

* Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, pages 131-132

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Common Turkic *dal.

#### Noun

dal (definite accusative dalı, plural dallar)
* (poetic) branch
    Synonym: budaq

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic دَال (dāl).

#### Noun

dal (definite accusative dalı, plural dallar)
* the Arabic letter د

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “dal” in Obastan.com.

## Bouyei
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta˨˦/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *taːᴬ (“maternal grandfather”). Cognate with Thai ตา (dtaa), Lao ຕາ (tā), Lü ᦎᦱ (ṫaa), Shan တႃ (tǎa), Zhuang da.

#### Noun

dal
* maternal grandfather

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (“eye”). Cognate with Thai ตา (dtaa), Northern Thai ᨲᩣ, Lao ຕາ (tā), Lü ᦎᦱ (ṫaa), Tai Dam ꪔꪱ, Shan တႃ (tǎa), Aiton တႃ (tā), Ahom 𑜄𑜠 (ta) or 𑜄𑜡 (tā), Southern Kam dal, Zhuang da. Compare Old Chinese 睹 (*taːʔ, “to see”).

#### Noun

dal
* eye

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdal]

### Participle

dal
* masculine singular past active participle of dát

## Danish
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse dalr (“valley”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdæːˀl]

#### Noun

dal c (singular definite dalen, plural indefinite dale)
* dale, valley (elongated depression between hills or mountains)

##### Inflection
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

dal
* imperative of dale

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑl/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: dal
* Rhymes: -ɑl
* Homophone: Dal

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch dal, from Old Dutch dal, from Proto-Germanic *dalą.

#### Noun

dal n (plural dalen, diminutive dalletje n)
* valley

##### Derived terms

* gletsjerdal
* rivierdal
* tranendal

##### Descendants

* Afrikaans: dal

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

dal m (plural dallen, diminutive dalletje n)
* a type of stone to pave the floor with, flagstone

## Elfdalian
### Etymology

From Old Norse dalr.

### Noun

dal m
* valley

#### Inflection
## Extremaduran
### Etymology

From Latin dāre (“to give”).

### Verb

dal
* to give

## Gothic
### Romanization

dal
* Romanization of 𐌳𐌰𐌻

## Hungarian
### Etymology

An onomatopoeia. It is also possible that it is a back-formation of dalol.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdɒl]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒl

### Noun

dal (plural dalok)
* song
    Synonyms: ének, nóta; see also Thesaurus:ének

#### Derived terms

* dalárda
* dallam
* dalnok
* dalol
* dalos
* dalmű
* dalszerző
* dalszínház
* dalszöveg
* altatódal
* bölcsődal
* gyerekdal
* gyermekdal
* hattyúdal
* kardal
* népdal

### References

* ↑ Eőry, Vilma. Értelmező szótár+ (“Explanatory Dictionary Plus”). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2007. →ISBN

### Further reading

* dal in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
* dal in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

## Icelandic
### Noun

dal
* inflection of dalur:
** indefinite accusative singular
** indefinite dative singular

## Italian
### Contraction

dal
* Contraction of da il; from the
* since
    dal 1963 ― since 1963

#### Related terms

* da'
* dagli
* dai
* dall'
* dalla
* dalle
* dallo

## Ladin
### Etymology

From da +‎ l.

### Contraction

dal
* from the (masculine singular)

## Mauritian Creole
### Alternative forms

* dal, dholl

### Etymology

From Hindi दाल (dāl).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [dal]

### Noun

dal
* any of many dried husked pulses (legume), including peas, beans and lentils; dahl
* a dish made from lentils, cooked with spices, tomatoes and onions etc.

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch dal, from Proto-Germanic *dalą.

### Noun

dal n
* valley
* dip, lower area in the landscape
* hole

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* dālen

#### Descendants

* Dutch: dal
** Afrikaans: dal
* Limburgish: daal

### Further reading

* “dal”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “dal”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Northern Sami
### Pronunciation

* (Kautokeino) IPA: /ˈtal/

### Adverb

dal
* now

#### Further reading

* Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Old Norse dalr (“dale, valley”).

### Noun

dal m (definite singular dalen, indefinite plural daler, definite plural dalene)
* a valley

#### Derived terms

* dalbunn
* dalføre
* dalside
* elvedal
* riftdal
* U-dal

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

From Old Norse dalr. Cognate with English dale.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑːl/

### Noun

dal m (definite singular dalen, indefinite plural dalar, definite plural dalane)
* a valley

#### Derived terms

* dalføre
* dalom
* dalside
* elvedal
* riftdal
* U-dal

### References

* “dal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Occitan
### Alternative forms

* del, dau, deu

### Contraction

dal
* Contraction of de + lo

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dalą.

### Noun

dal n
* valley

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: dal
** Dutch: dal
*** Afrikaans: dal
** Limburgish: daal

#### Further reading

* “dal”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* ġedāl

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dailą.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dɑl/

### Noun

dāl n
* division

#### Descendants

* Middle English: dol
** English: dole

## Old Norse
### Noun

dal
* accusative/dative singular of dalr

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dalą.

### Noun

dal n
* valley

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: dal
** Low German: dal, daal
*** German Low German: Daal

## Old Swedish
### Alternative forms

* ᚦᛆᛚ

### Etymology

From Old Norse dalr, from Proto-Germanic *dalą.

### Noun

dal m
* valley

#### Descendants

* Swedish: dal c

## Papiamentu
### Etymology

The conjugation of this verb in Papiamentu follows that of former Dutch verbs.
Therefore more probably from Dutch douwen (“push”).
And less probably from Spanish dale: da + le ("give it").

### Verb

dal
* to hit
* to beat

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdal/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: dal
* Homophone: Dal

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dalь.

#### Noun

dal f
* (literary) distance (space located at a very large distance)
    Synonym: oddal
    z dala ― from a distance/from afar/from far away
    skok w dal ― long jump

##### Derived terms

* daleki
* zdalny

##### Related terms

* daleko
* zdalnie
* skok w dal

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hindi दाल (dāl).

#### Noun

dal f
* dal (Indian lentil dish)

##### Declension
### Further reading

* dal in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* dal in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romagnol
### Preposition

dal
* feminine plural of da (“from; by”) (used before a consonant)

## Salar
### Etymology

Cognate with Azerbaijani dal (“branch”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tɑl]

### Noun

dal
* tree

### References

* 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “dal”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎, Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 25
* 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “dal”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎, 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 105

## Southern Kam
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta⁵⁵/

### Noun

dal
* eye

## Sumerian
### Romanization

dal
* Romanization of 𒊑

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish dal, from Old Norse dalr.

### Noun

dal c
* valley, dale

#### Derived terms

* berg- och dalbana
* dalgång

### References

* dal in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* dal in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
* dal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /daɫ/

### Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish دال (dal), from Proto-Turkic *tāl, *dal.

#### Noun

dal (definite accusative dalı, plural dallar)
* branch
* (slang) cigarette, joint

##### Declension

singular
plural
nominative
dal
dallar
definite accusative
dalı
dalları
dative
dala
dallara
locative
dalda
dallarda
ablative
daldan
dallardan
genitive
dalın
dalların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular
plural
1st singular
dalım
dallarım
2nd singular
dalın
dalların
3rd singular
dalı
dalları
1st plural
dalımız
dallarımız
2nd plural
dalınız
dallarınız
3rd plural
dalları
dalları
definite accusative
singular
plural
1st singular
dalımı
dallarımı
2nd singular
dalını
dallarını
3rd singular
dalını
dallarını
1st plural
dalımızı
dallarımızı
2nd plural
dalınızı
dallarınızı
3rd plural
dallarını
dallarını
dative
singular
plural
1st singular
dalıma
dallarıma
2nd singular
dalına
dallarına
3rd singular
dalına
dallarına
1st plural
dalımıza
dallarımıza
2nd plural
dalınıza
dallarınıza
3rd plural
dallarına
dallarına
locative
singular
plural
1st singular
dalımda
dallarımda
2nd singular
dalında
dallarında
3rd singular
dalında
dallarında
1st plural
dalımızda
dallarımızda
2nd plural
dalınızda
dallarınızda
3rd plural
dallarında
dallarında
ablative
singular
plural
1st singular
dalımdan
dallarımdan
2nd singular
dalından
dallarından
3rd singular
dalından
dallarından
1st plural
dalımızdan
dallarımızdan
2nd plural
dalınızdan
dallarınızdan
3rd plural
dallarından
dallarından
genitive
singular
plural
1st singular
dalımın
dallarımın
2nd singular
dalının
dallarının
3rd singular
dalının
dallarının
1st plural
dalımızın
dallarımızın
2nd plural
dalınızın
dallarınızın
3rd plural
dallarının
dallarının :

##### Derived terms

* dalcık
* dallanmak

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

dal
* Letter of the Arabic alphabet: د

### Further reading

* “dal”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /dal/
* Rhymes: -al

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *dalɣ-, from Proto-Celtic *dalsketi and *delgeti, from Proto-Indo-European *delgʰ- (“to become fixed”). Cognate with Latin indulgeo.

#### Verb

dal (first-person singular present daliaf)
* (North Wales) to catch
* (North Wales) to capture
* (North Wales) to hold
* to continue

##### Conjugation

| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | impersonal | impersonal |
| | first | second | third | first | second | third | impersonal | impersonal |
| present indicative/future | daliaf | deli | deil | daliwn | deliwch, daliwch | daliant | delir |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | daliwn | delit | daliai | daliem | daliech | dalient | delid |
| preterite | deliais | deliaist | daliodd | daliasom | daliasoch | daliasant | daliwyd |
| pluperfect | daliaswn | daliasit | daliasai | daliasem | daliasech | daliasent | daliasid, daliesid |
| present subjunctive | daliwyf | deliech | dalio | daliom | dalioch | daliont | dalier |
| imperative | — | dal, dalia | dalied | daliwn | deliwch, daliwch | dalient | dalier |
| verbal noun | dal | dal | dal | dal | dal | dal | dal |
| verbal adjectives | daliedig daliadwy | daliedig daliadwy | daliedig daliadwy | daliedig daliadwy | daliedig daliadwy | daliedig daliadwy | daliedig daliadwy |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

##### Alternative forms

* dala (South Wales)

##### Derived terms

* dal lan, dal i fyny (“to catch up”)
* dal o'r tu cefn (“to catch up with”)
* dalfa (“custody”)

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Adjective

dal
* Soft mutation of tal.

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dal”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 110 ii (2)