OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# تأمين
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun from أَمَّنَ (ʔammana, “to reassure, ensure, insure, secure”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taʔ.miːn/
* Rhymes: -iːn

### Noun

تَأْمِين • (taʔmīn) m (plural تَأْمِينَات (taʔmīnāt))
* verbal noun of أَمَّنَ (ʔammana, “to reassure, ensure, insure, secure”) (form II)
* protection, securing, ensuring
* insurance, assurance, guaranty, warranty, surety
* safeguarding, security
* reassurance

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: təmin
* → Ottoman Turkish: تأمین (teʼmin)
** Turkish: temin
* → Uyghur: تەمىن (temin)
* → Uzbek: taʻmin
(via the plural form تَأْمِينَات (taʔmīnāt))
* → Uzbek: taʼminot
# تاجر
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1

Synchronically analyzable as derived from the active participle of تَجَرَ (tajara, “to trade, to conduct commerce”) from the root ت ج ر (t j r), and the original is presumably a borrowing of the noun of Classical Syriac ܬܓܪܐ (taggārā) or a dialectal form of it with different vocalization, ultimately through a *tangār from Akkadian 𒁮𒃼 (tamkārum, “trader”) derived from the root which is in Arabic م ك ر (m k r) related to scheming, whereby the verb is denominative, and the singular form of the Arabic noun bearing the form of an active participle has then been innovated in Arabic, other derivations under the root following suit to these new terms.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taː.d͡ʒir/

#### Noun

تَاجِر • (tājir) m (plural تَاجِرُونَ (tājirūna) or تُجَّار (tujjār), feminine تَاجِرَة (tājira))
* merchant, trader, businessman, dealer, tradesman
** a. 1400, “فلما كانت الليلة ٢٤٩ - حكاية علاء الدين أبي الشامات”, in ألف ليلة وليلة [One Thousand and One Nights], volume 2, Windsor, UK: Hindawi Foundation, published 2022, →ISBN, page 379:قالت: بلغني أيها الملك السعيد، أنه كان في قديم الزمان وسالف العصر والأوان رجل تاجر بمصر يقال له شمس الدين، وكان من أحسن التجار، وأصدقهم مقالًا، […](please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Descendants

* Juba Arabic: tajir
* → Azerbaijani: tacir
* → Malay: tajir
** Indonesian: tajir
* → Persian: تاجر
* → Ottoman Turkish: تاجر
** Turkish: tacir
* → Turkmen: täjir
* → Swahili: tajiri
* → Somali: taajir
* → Uzbek: tojir

### Etymology 1.2

Denominal verb of تَاجِر (tājir).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taː.d͡ʒa.ra/

#### Verb

تَاجَرَ • (tājara) III (non-past يُتَاجِرُ (yutājiru), verbal noun مُتَاجَرَة (mutājara))
* to trade

##### Conjugation
### References

* Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 181
* Lipiński, Edward (2001) Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta; 80), 2nd edition, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 568 Nr. 64.4

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَاجِر (tājir).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [tɑː.ˈd͡ʒiɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪ́ɾ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪ́ɾ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰɑː.d͡ʒɪ́ɾ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰɔː.d͡ʒíɾ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰɒː.d͡ʒéɹ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰɔ.d͡ʒíɾ]

### Noun

تاجر • (tâjer) (plural تجار (tojjâr) or تاجرها (tâjer-hâ) or تاجران (tâjerân))
* merchant, businessman
    چرا ایران برای تجار چینی جذاب است؟čerâ irân barâ-ye tojjâr-e čini jazzâb ast?Why is Iran attractive for Chinese businessmen?
** c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 146”, in دیوان امیر معزی‎:دل تو هست دریای گهر بار منم بر ساحل دریا چو تاجرdil-i tu hast daryā-yi guhar bār man-am bar sāhil-i daryā čū tājirYour heart is a sea that rains jewels; I am on the seashore like a merchant.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “تاجر”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# تحليل
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of حَلَّلَ (ḥallala, “to dissolve, to analyze”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /taħ.liːl/
* Rhymes: -iːl

### Noun

تَحْلِيل • (taḥlīl) m (plural تَحَالِيل (taḥālīl))
* verbal noun of حَلَّلَ (ḥallala) (form II)
* dissolution, resolution, breaking up, decomposition
* specification, detailing, analyzing, analysis
* (chemistry) analysis
* (Christianity) absolution

#### Derived terms

* تَحْلِيلِيّ (taḥlīliyy)

#### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: təhlil
* Ottoman Turkish: تحلیل
** Turkish: tahlil
* Persian: تحلیل (tahlil)
* Uyghur: تەھلىل (tehlil)
* Uzbek: tahlil
# تطبيق
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tatˤ.biːq/
* Rhymes: -iːq

### Noun

تَطْبِيق • (taṭbīq) m (plural تَطْبِيقَات (taṭbīqāt))
* verbal noun of طَبَّقَ (ṭabbaqa) (form II)
* application, implementation
    تَطْبِيقٌ عَمَلِيٌّ ― taṭbīqun ʕamaliyyun ― practical application
* (computing) an application

#### Descendants

* Hijazi Arabic: تطبيق (taṭbīɡ)
* → Azerbaijani: tətbiq
* → Persian: تطبیق (tatbiq)
* → Ottoman Turkish: تطبیق (tatbik)
** Turkish: tatbik
* → Uyghur: تەتبىق (tetbiq)
* → Uzbek: tatbiq

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic تَطْبِيق (taṭbīq).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tatˤ.ˈbiːɡ/

### Noun

تطبيق • (taṭbīɡ) m (plural تطبيقات (taṭbīɡāt))
* folding
* application, app (computer program or the set of software that the end user perceives as a single entity as a tool for a well-defined purpose)
# تهمة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tuh.ma/

### Noun

تُهْمَة • (tuhma) f (plural تُهَم (tuham) or تُهُمَات (tuhumāt) or تُهْمَات (tuhmāt))
* impeachment, charge, accusation (both the act and its content)
    تَوْجِيهُ ٱلتُّهْمَةِ ― tawjīhu t-tuhmati ― directing the charge
    ثُبُوتُ ٱلتُّهْمَةِ ― ṯubūtu t-tuhmati ― establishing the charge
    نَفْيُ ٱلتُّهْمَةِ ― nafyu t-tuhmati ― denial of the charge
    تَلْفِيقُ ٱلتُّهْمَةِ ― talfīqu t-tuhmati ― fabrication of the charge
    إِسْقَاطُ ٱلتُّهْمَةِ ― ʔisqāṭu t-tuhmati ― dismissing the charge

#### Descendants

* → Afar: tuhmat
* → Azerbaijani: töhmət
* → Classical Persian: تُهْمَت (tuhmat)
** Tajik: туҳмат (tuhmat)
** → Turkmen: töhmet
** → Uyghur: تۆھمەت (töhmet)
** → Urdu: تُہْمَت (tuhmat)
** → Uzbek: tuhmat
* → Hausa: tùhumā̀
* → Ottoman Turkish: تهمت (töhmet)
** Turkish: töhmet
* → Somali: tuhmee, tuhun
* → Swahili: tuhuma
# جاء
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaː.ʔa/

#### Verb

جَاءَ • (jāʔa) I (non-past يَجِيءُ (yajīʔu), verbal noun مَجِيء (majīʔ) or جَيْء (jayʔ) or جَيْئَة (jayʔa) or جِيئَة (jīʔa))
* to come
    لِمَاذَا جِئْتَ مُتَأَخِّرًا؟ ― limāḏā jiʔta mutaʔaḵḵiran? ― Why did you come late?
* to bring [with بِ (bi) ‘something’]
** Al-Farazdaq
    أُولَئِكَ آبَائِي فَجِئْنِي بِمِثْلِهِمْ / إِذَا جَمَعَتْنَا يَا جَرِيرُ الْمَجَامِعُʔūlaʔika ʔābāʔī fajiʔnī bimiṯlihim / ʔiḏā jamaʕatnā yā jarīru l-majāmiʕuThose are my forefathers, so bring to me any like them if we are brought together - O Jarir - in any place of assembly
* (transitive) to produce, to make, to come up with[with بِ (bi) ‘what’]
* (transitive) to commit, to perpetrate (something)
* to occur, to be present
    Synonym: وَرَدَ (warada)
** 2015, سمير صبحي, أحكام الوقف في ضوء الشريعة الإسلامية وفقا للقانون السعودي, →ISBN, page 158:وقد جاء في المذكرة الإيضاحية بشأن هذا الحرمان ما نصه […](please add an English translation of this quotation)

##### Synonyms

* (all senses): أَتَى (ʔatā)

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: جه (gih)
* Hijazi Arabic: جا (jā)
* Moroccan Arabic: جا (jā)

##### References

* Wehr, Hans (1979) “جيء”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaː.ʔin/

#### Participle

جَاءٍ • (jāʔin) (feminine جَائِيَة (jāʔiya), masculine plural جَاؤُونَ (jāʔūna), feminine plural جَائِيَات (jāʔiyāt))
* active participle of جَاءَ (jāʔa)
** 14th century, Ibn Hishām Al-Ansari, edited by محَمَّد خَيْر طعمَه الحَلبي, شرح قطر الندى وبل الصدى, Dar Al-Marefah, published 2009, →ISBN, page 264:وَمِثَالُهَا لِلشَّكِّ قَوْلُكَ: «جَاءَ زَيْدٌ أَوْ عَمْرٌو» إِذَا لَمْ تَعْلَمِ الْجَائِيَ مِنْهُمَا. ¶ وَمِثَالُهَا لِلتَّشْكِيكِ قُوْلُكَ: «جَاءَ زَيْدٌ أَوْ عَمْرٌو» إِذَا كُنْتَ عَالِمًا بِالْجَائِي مِنْهُمَا، وَلَٰكِنَّكَ أَبْهَمْتَ عَلَى الْمُخَاطَبِ.wamiṯāluhā li-š-šakki qawluka: “jāʔa zaydun ʔaw ʕamrun” ʔiḏā lam taʕlami al-jāʔiya minhumā. ¶ wamiṯāluhā li-t-taškīki quwluka: “jāʔa zaydun ʔaw ʕamrun” ʔiḏā kunta ʕāliman bi-l-jāʔī minhumā, walākinnaka ʔabhamta ʕalā l-muḵāṭabi.An example of its use for expressing doubt is saying, "Zayd or Amr came," when you do not know which of them actually came. ¶ An example of its use for causing doubt is saying, "Zayd or Amr came," when you know which one of them came but you leave it ambiguous for the listener.
# جنيه
## Arabic
### Etymology

19th century, from Egyptian Arabic جنيه (ginēh), classicized after the diminutive measure فُعَيْل (fuʕayl). The Egyptian word is from English guinea; historically, a guinea was worth one pound and one shilling. In view of the (former) importance of French learning in Egypt, the final stress may follow French guinée, itself from the English

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒu.najh/
** (Egyptian, Cairo) IPA: /ɡi.neːh/
** (Egyptian, Alexandria) IPA: /ɡi.ni/

### Noun

جُنَيْه • (junayh) m (plural جُنَيْهَات (junayhāt))
* pound (unit of currency)
** 1956, w:Naguib Mahfouz, chapter 36, in بين القصرين:فَتًى فِي الْخَامِسَةِ وَالْعِشْرِينَ، ذُو دَخْلٍ شَهْرِيٍّ لَا يَقِلُّ عَنْ الثَّلَاثِينَ جُنَيْهًاfatan fī l-ḵāmisati wālʕišrīna, ḏū daḵlin šahriyyin lā yaqillu ʕan aṯ-ṯalāṯīna junayhanA young man of twenty-five years, with a monthly income of not less than thirty pounds.

#### Usage notes

* Most currencies called pound in English are known as جنيه in Arabic, including the pound sterling and the Egyptian pound, the Sudanese pound and the South Sudanese pound; however, the Lebanese pound and Syrian pound are called لِيرَة (līra, “lira”) in Arabic.

#### Declension
## Egyptian Arabic
### Alternative forms

* جني (gini) (Alexandria)

### Etymology

Borrowed from English guinea; historically, a guinea was worth one pound and one shilling. In view of the (former) importance of French learning in Egypt, the final stress may follow French guinée, itself from the English.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡi.neːh/, [ɡɪˈneː(h)]

### Noun

جنيه • (ginēh) m (plural جنيهات (ginehāt))
* pound (unit of currency)
** 1994, w:Yusuf al-Qa'id, chapter 2, in لبن العصفور‎:كيلوا اللحمة بقشي بعشرة جنيه حتة واحدة.A kilo of meat costs ten pounds per piece.

### References

* Hinds, Martin, Badawi, El-Said (1986) “جنيه”, in A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic‎, Beirut: Librairie du Liban, page 177
# جيد
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒaj.jid/

#### Adjective

جَيِّد • (jayyid) (feminine جَيِّدَة (jayyida), masculine plural جَيِّدُونَ (jayyidūna), feminine plural جَيِّدَات (jayyidāt), elative أَجْوَد (ʔajwad))
* of good quality, excellent, approvable
* good, goodly

##### Antonyms

* رَدِيء (radīʔ)

##### See also

* طَيِّب (ṭayyib)

### Etymology 2

From the root the ج و د (j w d) in the sense of being well-proportioned; a root ج ي د (j y d) being thereafter formed from this noun.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒiːd/

#### Noun

جِيد • (jīd) m (plural أَجْيَاد (ʔajyād) or جُيُود (juyūd))
* a neck, especially one that is long, beautiful, or slender
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 111:5:فِي جِيدِهَا حَبْلٌ مِّن مَّسَدٍFī jīdihā ḥablu'm mi'm masad$^{in}$Around her neck is a rope of fiber.
** 10th century, ʾAbu 'ṭ-Ṭayyib ʾAḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Mutanabbiʾ al-Kindī (915–965), “Poem #201”, in The Works of 'Abū al-Ṭayyib al-Mutanabbī, volume 3, Dār Al-Ma‘rifah, published 1978, page 202:أَغْنَاهُ حُسْنُ الْجِيدِ عَنْ لُبْسِ الْحُلِي وَعَادَةُ الْعُرْيِ عَنِ التَّفَضُّلِʾaḡnāhu ḥusnu 'l-jīdi ʿan lubsi 'l-ḥulī wa ʿādatu 'l-ʿuryi ʿani 't-tafaḍḍul$^i$The beauty of the neck sufficed him from the wearing of jewellery / and a habit of being devoid of kindness.

##### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: ճիտ (čit)
* → Persian: جید (jid)

### References

* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “جيد”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 231
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “جيد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 322
* Freytag, Georg (1830) “جيد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 329
* Fīrūzābādī (1834) Al-uqiyānūs al-basīt‎, 2nd edition, volume I, translated from Arabic into Ottoman Turkish by Aḥmad ʻĀṣim, Constantinople, page 593
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جيد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 256b
* Wehr, Hans (1979) “جيد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 173
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “جود”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 481-483
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “جيد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 493
# حرب
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *x̣arb-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֶרֶב (ḥɛ́rɛḇ, “sword”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.ri.ba/

#### Verb

حَرِبَ • (ḥariba) I (non-past يَحْرَبُ (yaḥrabu), verbal noun حَرَب (ḥarab))
* to be enraged, to be furious, to be angry

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic *x̣arb-. Feminine because it meant a tool in Proto-Semitic, namely a blade.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħarb/

#### Noun

حَرْب • (ḥarb) f (plural حُرُوب (ḥurūb)) (countable and uncountable)
* war
    Antonyms: سِلْم (silm), سَلَام (salām)
    تَتْرُكُ ٱلْحُرُوبُ أَثَرًا طَوِيلَ ٱلْأَمَدِ عَلَى ٱلْمُجْتَمَعَاتِ ٱلْمُتَضَرِّرَةِ.tatruku l-ḥurūbu ʔaṯaran ṭawīla l-ʔamadi ʕalā l-mujtamaʕāti l-mutaḍarrirati.Wars leave a long-lasting impact on affected communities.
* warfare

##### Derived terms

* حَرْبِيّ (ḥarbiyy)

##### Descendants

* Maltese: ħarb
* → Armenian: հարբ (harb), ⇒ հարբ ու զարբ (harb u zarb, “threat”)
* → Azerbaijani: hərb
* → Persian: حرب (harb)
* → Harari: ሓርቢ (ḥarbi)
* → Sebat Bet Gurage: ሓርቭ (arəḇ)
* → Tigre: ሓርብ (ḥarəb)
* → Ottoman Turkish: حرب (harb)
** Turkish: harp
** Crimean Tatar: harb

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

حَرَب • (ḥarab) m
* verbal noun of حَرِبَ (ḥariba) (form I)
* (Can we verify this sense?) rage

##### Declension
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb).

### Noun

حرب • (harb)
* war
** 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk‎, page 5:ملت و مملكتی حرب عمومی‌یه سوق ایدنلر ، كندی حیاتلری اندیشه‌سنه دوشه‌رك ، مملكتدن فرار ایتمشلر.Millet ve memleketi harb-i umumiye sevk edenler, kendi hayatları endişesine düşerek, memleketten firar etmişler.(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* battle

#### Descendants

* Turkish: harp
* Crimean Tatar: harb

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حرب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 501
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حرب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 775

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [haɾβ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häɾb]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häɾb]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [häɾb]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [häɾb̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæɹb̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [häɾb]

### Noun

حرب • (harb)
* war, warfare
    Synonym: جنگ (jang)
* fight, battle, combat
    Synonym: نبرد (nabard)

#### Related terms

* حربی (harbi)
* حربه (harbe)

### See also

* جنگ (jang)
# حلاوة
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of حَلَا (ḥalā).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.laː.wa/

### Noun

حَلَاوَة • (ḥalāwa) f
* verbal noun of حَلَا (ḥalā, “to be sweet”) (form I)
* sweetness

#### Descendants

* Maltese: ħlewwa
* → English: halawa
* → Azerbaijani: həlavət
* → Persian: حلاوت (halâvat)
* → Ottoman Turkish: حلاوت (halâvet)
    > Turkish: halavet (inherited)
* → Uyghur: ھالاۋەت (halawet)
* → Uzbek: halovat

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَلَاوَة (ḥalāwa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħa.laː.wa/

### Noun

حلاوة • (ḥalāwa) f (dual حلاوتين (ḥalāwatēn), plural حلويّات (ḥalāwiyyāt))
* candy
* sweetness

## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic حَلَاوَة (ḥalāwa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħlaː.wa/

### Noun

حلاوة • (ḥlāwa) f
* sweetness
# دجاجة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /da.d͡ʒaː.d͡ʒa/

### Noun

دَجَاجَة • (dajāja) f (singulative, collective دَجَاج m (dajāj), paucal دَجَاجَات (dajājāt))
* singulative of دَجَاج (dajāj): hen, chicken

#### Derived terms

* ذَنَب الدَّجَاجَة (ḏanab ad-dajāja, “Deneb”)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic دَجَاجَة (dajāja).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /du.ˈd͡ʒaː.d͡ʒa/, [dʊ.ˈd͡ʒaː.d͡ʒa]

### Noun

دجاجة • (dujāja) f (singulative, collective دجاج m (dujāj), plural دجاجات (dujājāt))
* hen
* chicken
# ذبابة
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ðu.baː.ba/

### Noun

ذُبَابَة • (ḏubāba) f (singulative, collective ذُبَاب m (ḏubāb), plural أَذِبَّة (ʔaḏibba) or ذِبَّان (ḏibbān) or ذُبّ (ḏubb))
* fly (insect)
* remainder

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “ذبابة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
# kursus
## Danish
### Noun

kursus
* course (learning programme)
    et tomåneders kursus i syning
       a two-month course in sewing

#### Declension
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch cursus (“course”), from Latin cursus. Doublet of kurs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkursus]
* Hyphenation: kur‧sus

### Noun

kursus (plural kursus-kursus)
* course (learning program)

#### Alternative forms

* cursus

#### Derived terms

* dikursuskan
* mengursus
* mengursuskan
* kursus daring
* kursus kilat
* kursus penyegaran
* kursus tani

### Further reading

* “kursus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# رضيع
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ra.dˤiːʕ/

### Noun

رَضِيع • (raḍīʕ) m (plural رَضَائِع (raḍāʔiʕ) or رُضَّع (ruḍḍaʕ) or رُضُع (ruḍuʕ) or رُضَعَاء (ruḍaʕāʔ), feminine رَضِيعَة (raḍīʕa))
* baby, infant, suckling

#### References

* “رضيع” in Almaany
# رقم
## Arabic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raqm/
** (Egyptian) IPA: /ra.qam/
** (Gulf) IPA: /rə.qəm/
** (Hijazi) IPA: /ra.ɡim/, /ra.ɡam/
** (Moroccan) IPA: /raqm/

### Noun

رَقْم • (raqm) m (plural أَرْقَام (ʔarqām))
* numeral, number, figure
* rate
* (sports) record
* (archaic) embroidery, variegation on a cloth; and the cloth itself
    Synonyms: وَشْي (wašy), فِرِنْد (firind)
* verbal noun of رَقَمَ (raqama) (form I)

#### Derived terms

* رَقْم قِيَاسِيّ (raqm qiyāsiyy)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: ռաղամ (ṙaġam), ըռախամ (əṙaxam), ըռա̈խկա̈մ (əṙäxkäm)
* → Azerbaijani: rəqəm
* → Bengali: রকম (rôkom)
* → Catalan: recam, recamo, recamar
* → Galician: recamo, recamar
* → Hindustani:
    → Hindi: रक़म (raqam)
    → Urdu: رقم (raqam)
* → Italian: ricamo, ricamare
* → Marathi: रक्कम (rakkam)
* → Persian: رقم (raqam)
* → Portuguese: recamo, recamar
* → Spanish: recamo, recamar
* → Ottoman Turkish: رقم (rakam)
** Turkish: rakam
* → Malay: rakam
* → Uzbek: raqam

### Verb

رَقَمَ • (raqama) I (non-past يَرْقُمُ (yarqumu), verbal noun رَقْم (raqm)) (archaic)
* to imprint, to mark, to dot
* to variegate, to figure, to decorate

#### Conjugation
### Verb

رَقَّمَ • (raqqama) II (non-past يُرَقِّمُ (yuraqqimu), verbal noun تَرْقِيم (tarqīm))
* to furnish with distinguishing marks, to add interpunction, diacritics or the like
* to furnish with numbers, to paginate, to catalogue and the like

#### Conjugation
## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic رَقْم (raqm).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raɡim/, /raɡam/

#### Noun

رقِم or رقَم • (ragim or ragam) m (construct state رَقْم (ragm), plural أَرْقام (ʔargām))
* numeral, number
* figure
* digit

### Etymology 2

From Arabic رَقَّمَ (raqqama).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /raɡ.ɡam/

#### Verb

رَقَّم • (raggam) II (non-past يِرَقِّم (yiraggim))
* to furnish with numbers, to paginate, to catalogue and the like
* to give a number in a flirtatious manner

##### Conjugation
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَقْم (raqm).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾa.ˈqam]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rä.qǽm]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [rä.qǽm]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [rä.qǽm]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [rä.qǽm]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹæ.ʁǽm]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾä.qǽm]

### Noun

رقم • (raqam) (plural ارقام (arqâm) or رقم‌ها (raqam-hâ))
* character, letter
* digit, number, numeral
    آخرین رقم ― âxerin raqam ― the last digit
    اگر این ارقام دقیق باشند […]agar in arqâm daqiq bâšand […] If these numbers are precise […]
* kind, sort, type
    بهترین رقم بادام ― behtarin raqam-e bâdâm ― best type of almond
* (historical) edict

#### Derived terms

* رقم زدن (raqam zadan, “to write”)
* رقم کردن (raqam kardan, “to write”)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “رقم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
# ريش
## Arabic
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic רֵישָׁא / ܪܝܫܐ (rēšā, “head”) in the particular sense of “tip, extremity”, hence doublet of رَأْس (raʔs), whereas unrelated to رِمْش (rimš, “eyelash”), as far as we understand, see it.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /riːʃ/

#### Noun

رِيش • (rīš) m (collective, singulative رِيشَة f (rīša), plural رِيَاش (riyāš) or أَرْيَاش (ʔaryāš), paucal رِيشَات (rīšāt))
* feathers, quills
* feathering, plumage
* clothes, attire, exterior
* (brush) bristles
* ribs

##### Derived terms

* رِيشَة (rīša)
* رِيَاش (riyāš, “furniture, attire”)
* رَاشَ (rāša, “to provide with feathers; to grow feathers; to improve the position of, to provide what is needed; to become wealthy”)
* رَيَّشَ (rayyaša, “to provide with or grow feathers”)
* تَرَيَّشَ (tarayyaša, “to grow feathers; to become wealthy”)
* رَوَّش (rawwaš, “having lots of fluff on the cheeks or ears”)

### Etymology 2

Denominal verb of رِيش (rīš).

#### Verb

رَيَّشَ • (rayyaša) II (non-past يُرَيِّشُ (yurayyišu), verbal noun تَرْيِيش (taryīš))
* to clothe in feathers
* to grow feathers

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Hebrew רֵישׁ (rêš)

#### Proper noun

رَيْش • (rayš) f
* The 20th letter of the Hebrew alphabet and other Semitic abjads. (ר)
# سقوط
## Arabic
### Etymology

Verbal noun of سَقَطَ (saqaṭa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /su.quːtˤ/
* Rhymes: -uːtˤ

### Noun

سُقُوط • (suqūṭ) m
* verbal noun of سَقَطَ (saqaṭa) (form I)
* fall, falling, downfall

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: süqut
* → Ottoman Turkish: سقوط (sukut)
** Turkish: sukut
* → Persian: سُقوط (soqut)
* → Uzbek: suqut

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic سُقُوط (suqūṭ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /su.ɡuːtˤ/, [sʊ.ɡuːtˤ]

### Noun

سقوط • (sugūṭ) m
* failure (in academics)

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سُقُوط (suqūṭ).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [su.quːt]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sʊ.quːt̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [sʊ.quːt̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [sʊ.quːt̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [su.qut̪]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [so.ʁuːt̪]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [su.qut̪]

### Noun

سُقوط • (soqut)
* (literal and figurative) fall, falling, downfall
    Synonym: افتادن (oftâdan)
    سقوط هواپیما ― soqut-e havâpeymâ ― plane crash
    سقوط روم ― soqut-e rum ― fall of Rome
    سقوط شاه ― soqut-e šâh ― fall of the shah
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 2153:جز کنار بام خود نبود سقوطjuz kanār-i bām xwad nabwad suqūtIndeed, there is no fall except [from] the edge of the roof.(Classical Persian transliteration)

#### Derived terms

* سقوط کردن (soqut kardan)