# 顧

| 顧 | U+9867, &#39015; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9867 |
| ← 顦 [U+9866] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 顨 → [U+9868] |

## Translingual
### Han character

顧 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+12, 21 strokes, cangjie input 竹土一月金 (HGMBC) or 戈土一月金 (IGMBC), four-corner 3128$_6$, composition ⿰雇頁)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1409, character 38
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43689
* Dae Jaweon: page 1928, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4392, character 11
* Unihan data for U+9867

## Chinese

* 顧姓

### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 顧 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 妒 | *tqaːs |
| 雇 | *kʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ |
| 顧 | *kʷaːs |
| 戽 | *qʰʷaːʔ, *qʰʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ |
| 戶 | *ɡʷaːʔ |
| 扈 | *ɡʷaːʔ |
| 帍 | *ɡʷaːʔ |
| 昈 | *ɡʷaːʔ |
| 滬 | *ɡʷaːʔ |
| 簄 | *ɡʷaːʔ |
| 齭 | *skʰraʔ, *sqʰraʔ |
| 所 | *sqʰraʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷaːs): phonetic 雇 (OC *kʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ) + semantic 頁.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): gù (gu$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gu$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gu$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gu$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): gu$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ku
    (Hailu, HRS): gu$^ˇ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gu$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): gu$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): gu̿
* Eastern Min (BUC): gó
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kò͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gu$^3$ / gou$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ku
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gu$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gù
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gù
*** Wade–Giles: ku$^4$
*** Yale: gù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guh
*** Palladius: гу (gu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: gu$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gu
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^3$
*** Yale: gu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ku³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ku³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ku
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gu$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ku⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gu̿
*** Sinological IPA : /ku³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gó
*** Sinological IPA : /kou²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gou$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̍
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔu⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘
*** Tâi-lô: kòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kox
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gu$^3$ / gou$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kù / kòu
*** Sinological IPA : /ku²¹³/, /kou²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ku
*** MiniDict: ku$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ku
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: gu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kuH
Rime :
| Character | 顧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古暮切 |
| Baxter | kuH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ko$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ko$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ku$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kuo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gu$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷˤaʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 顧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ku$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʷˁaʔ-s/ (~ *[k]ʷˁaʔ) |
| English | look around |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 顧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5293 |
| Phonetic component | 戸 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 顧 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʷaːs/ |

### Definitions

顧
* to turn around and look; to look back
* to look at
    環顧／环顾 ― huángù ― to look around
* to visit; to call on
    From: 227, 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 出師表 (Memorials on Sending Out the Troops)
    Xiāndì bù yǐ chén bēibǐ, wěi zì wǎngqū, sān gù chén yú cǎolú zhī zhōng, zī chén yǐ dāngshì zhī shì. [Pinyin]
    The Former Emperor did not consider me base and rustic; he humbled himself and thrice visited me at the thatched cottage to consult me about contemporary affairs.
* to patronize
    顧客／顾客 ― gùkè ― customer
    光顧／光顾 ― guānggù ― to patronize
* to take into consideration; to consider
       Tā zǒngshì bù gù biérén de gǎnshòu. [Pinyin]
       He doesn't always consider others' feelings.
* to look after; to take care of; to attend to
* to treasure; to care for
    奮不顧身／奋不顾身 ― fènbùgùshēn ― to dash ahead without regard to one's personal safety
* (literary) but
* (literary) on the contrary; instead
* a surname
    顧炎武／顾炎武 ― Gù Yánwǔ ― Gu Yanwu (Chinese scholar-official during the latter part of the Ming dynasty into the early part of the Qing)

### Compounds

* 一顧傾人 / 一顾倾人
* 一顧傾城 / 一顾倾城
* 下顧 / 下顾
* 三顧茅廬 / 三顾茅庐 (sāngùmáolú)
* 不反顧 / 不反顾
* 不屑一顧 / 不屑一顾 (bùxièyīgù)
* 不管不顧 / 不管不顾 (bùguǎnbùgù)
* 不顧 / 不顾 (bùgù)
* 不顧一切 / 不顾一切 (bùgùyīqiè)
* 不顧前後 / 不顾前后
* 不顧曲直 / 不顾曲直
* 不顧死活 / 不顾死活
* 不顧生死 / 不顾生死
* 不顧而唾 / 不顾而唾
* 不顧閒野 / 不顾闲野
* 不顧體統 / 不顾体统
* 不顧高低 / 不顾高低
* 主顧 / 主顾 (zhǔgù)
* 伯樂一顧 / 伯乐一顾 (Bólè yī gù)
* 光顧 / 光顾 (guānggù)
* 內顧 / 内顾
* 內顧之憂 / 内顾之忧
* 兩面顧全 / 两面顾全
* 八顧 / 八顾
* 公私兼顧 / 公私兼顾 (gōngsījiāngù)
* 兼籌並顧 / 兼筹并顾
* 兼顧 / 兼顾 (jiāngù)
* 劬勞顧復 / 劬劳顾复
* 反顧 / 反顾 (fǎngù)
* 只顧 / 只顾 (zhǐgù)
* 各不相顧 / 各不相顾
* 周郎顧曲 / 周郎顾曲
* 四顧 / 四顾 (sìgù)
* 回顧 / 回顾 (huígù)
* 回顧展 / 回顾展 (huígùzhǎn)
* 國策顧問 / 国策顾问
* 墯甑不顧 / 墯甑不顾
* 奮不顧身 / 奋不顾身 (fènbùgùshēn)
* 安寧照顧 / 安宁照顾
* 工顧錢 / 工顾钱
* 左顧 / 左顾
* 左顧右盼 / 左顾右盼 (zuǒgùyòupàn)
* 形影相顧 / 形影相顾
* 後顧 / 后顾 (hòugù)
* 後顧之患 / 后顾之患
* 後顧之慮 / 后顾之虑
* 後顧之憂 / 后顾之忧 (hòugùzhīyōu)
* 後顧之虞 / 后顾之虞
* 忿不顧身 / 忿不顾身
* 悍然不顧 / 悍然不顾
* 惠顧 / 惠顾 (huìgù)
* 想前顧後 / 想前顾后
* 愛顧 / 爱顾 (àigù)
* 慕顧 / 慕顾
* 憤不顧身 / 愤不顾身
* 懷顧 / 怀顾
* 投顧 / 投顾
* 拉主顧 / 拉主顾
* 指顧 / 指顾
* 指顧之際 / 指顾之际
* 掉臂不顧 / 掉臂不顾
* 掉頭不顧 / 掉头不顾
* 有所顧忌 / 有所顾忌
* 東顧 / 东顾
* 枉顧 / 枉顾
* 歸奇顧怪 / 归奇顾怪
* 漠然不顧 / 漠然不顾
* 無所顧忌 / 无所顾忌
* 無所顧憚 / 无所顾惮
* 照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
* 熊經鴟顧 / 熊经鸱顾
* 狼顧 / 狼顾
* 狼顧狐疑 / 狼顾狐疑
* 環顧 / 环顾 (huángù)
* 疼顧 / 疼顾 (ténggù)
* 看顧 / 看顾 (kàngù)
* 相顧失色 / 相顾失色
* 眷顧 / 眷顾 (juàngù)
* 瞻前顧後 / 瞻前顾后 (zhānqiángùhòu)
* 瞻情顧意 / 瞻情顾意
* 瞻顧 / 瞻顾 (zhāngù)
* 管顧 / 管顾
* 罔顧 / 罔顾 (wǎnggù)
* 置之不顧 / 置之不顾
* 義不反顧 / 义不反顾
* 義無反顧 / 义无反顾 (yìwúfǎngù)
* 老主顧 / 老主顾
* 臨危不顧 / 临危不顾
* 臨風顧盼 / 临风顾盼
* 自顧不暇 / 自顾不暇 (zìgùbùxiá)
* 自顧自 / 自顾自 (zìgùzì)
* 茅廬三顧 / 茅庐三顾
* 草廬三顧 / 草庐三顾
* 行不顧言 / 行不顾言
* 見兔顧犬 / 见兔顾犬
* 言不顧行 / 言不顾行
* 言行相顧 / 言行相顾
* 議不反顧 / 议不反顾
* 賜顧 / 赐顾 (cìgù)
* 趑趄卻顧 / 趑趄却顾
* 銘謝惠顧 / 铭谢惠顾
* 頂門主顧 / 顶门主顾
* 顧不得 / 顾不得
* 顧不的 / 顾不的
* 顧不過來 / 顾不过来
* 顧主 / 顾主
* 顧人 / 顾人
* 顧兔 / 顾兔
* 顧全 / 顾全 (gùquán)
* 顧全大局 / 顾全大局 (gùquándàjú)
* 顧前顧後 / 顾前顾后
* 顧及 / 顾及 (gùjí)
* 顧名思義 / 顾名思义 (gùmíngsīyì)
* 顧命 / 顾命
* 顧問 / 顾问 (gùwèn)
* 顧喚 / 顾唤
* 顧客 / 顾客 (gùkè)
* 顧家 / 顾家 (gùjiā)
* 顧家店 / 顾家店 (Gùjiādiàn)
* 顧小失大 / 顾小失大
* 顧崗 / 顾岗
* 顧左右而言他 / 顾左右而言他 (gù zuǒyòu ér yán tā)
* 顧廟 / 顾庙 (Gùmiào)
* 顧影 / 顾影
* 顧影弄姿 / 顾影弄姿
* 顧影自憐 / 顾影自怜
* 顧後瞻前 / 顾后瞻前
* 顧得過來 / 顾得过来
* 顧復之恩 / 顾复之恩
* 顧忌 / 顾忌 (gùjì)
* 顧念 / 顾念 (gùniàn)
* 顧思 / 顾思
* 顧恤 / 顾恤
* 顧惜 / 顾惜 (gùxī)
* 顧慮 / 顾虑 (gùlǜ)
* 顧慮重重 / 顾虑重重
* 顧懷 / 顾怀
* 顧戀 / 顾恋
* 顧指 / 顾指
* 顧曲 / 顾曲
* 顧曲周郎 / 顾曲周郎
* 顧此失彼 / 顾此失彼 (gùcǐshībǐ)
* 顧犬補牢 / 顾犬补牢
* 顧眄 / 顾眄
* 顧盻 / 顾盻
* 顧盼 / 顾盼 (gùpàn)
* 顧盼生姿 / 顾盼生姿
* 顧盼生輝 / 顾盼生辉
* 顧盼神飛 / 顾盼神飞
* 顧盼自豪 / 顾盼自豪
* 顧盼自雄 / 顾盼自雄
* 顧睦 / 顾睦
* 顧繡 / 顾绣
* 顧臉 / 顾脸
* 顧菟 / 顾菟
* 顧藉 / 顾借
* 顧賣 / 顾卖
* 顧贍 / 顾赡
* 顧遇 / 顾遇
* 顧面子 / 顾面子
* 驚顧不遑 / 惊顾不遑
* 鴟顧 / 鸱顾
* 鶚顧 / 鹗顾
* 鷹視狼顧 / 鹰视狼顾

## Japanese

* A user suggests that this Japanese entry be cleaned up.
* Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.
| Shinjitai | 顧 |
| Kyūjitai | 顧󠄁 顧+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 顧󠄃 顧+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* look back, turn back, turn around
* remember, review, examine

#### Readings

* Go-on: く (ku)
* Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
* Kun: かえりみる (kaerimiru, 顧みる, Jōyō)、かえって (kaette, 顧って)、ただ (tada, 顧だ)
* Nanori: み (mi)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 顧
* こ Grade: S
* kan'on
The form 一(いっ)顧(こ) (ikko, “look back (once); reconsider”) is attested from the 11th century.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞]

### Counter

顧(こ) or 顧(コ) • (-ko)
* looks back, double-takes (often as 一(いっ)顧(こ) (ikko))
* (figurative, chiefly in the negative) care, concern; amount one cares
    それに一(いっ)顧(こ)もしない！
       Sore ni ikko mo shinai!
       I don't care a bit about that!

### References

* ↑ “顧”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

顧 (eumhun 돌아볼 고 (dorabol go))
* hanja form of 고 (“look back, look after”)
* hanja form of 고 (“reflect on”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

顧: Hán Nôm readings: cố, quáy
* trying