# 誡

| 誡 | U+8AA1, &#35489; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AA1 |
| ← 誠 [U+8AA0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 誢 → [U+8AA2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

誡 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口戈廿 (YRIT), four-corner 0365$_0$, composition ⿰訁戒)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1163, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35538
* Dae Jaweon: page 1628, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3973, character 2
* Unihan data for U+8AA1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 祴 | *kɯː |
| 駴 | *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 戒 | *krɯːɡs |
| 誡 | *krɯːɡs |
| 悈 | *krɯːɡs, *kɯɡ |
| 械 | *ɡrɯːɡs |
| 裓 | *kɯːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯːɡs): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 戒 (OC *krɯːɡs, “guard against”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiè (jie$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kie
    (Hailu, HRS): gai$^ˇ$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gái
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gai$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiè
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^4$
*** Yale: jyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieh
*** Palladius: цзе (cze)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaai$^3$
*** Yale: gaai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gai$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːi̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kie
*** Hakka Romanization System: gie
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gie$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯e⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: gai$^ˇ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kai¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gái
*** Sinological IPA : /kɑi²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: gai$^4$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̍i
*** Sinological IPA : /kai⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kài
*** Tâi-lô: kài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kai²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kai¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kài
*** Sinological IPA : /kai²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: keajH
Rime :
| Character | 誡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古拜切 |
| Baxter | keajH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kɛi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐi$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kăi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 誡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ keaj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁrək-s/ |
| English | warn |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 誡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6545 |
| Phonetic component | 戒 |
| Rime group | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 誡 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯːɡs/ |

### Definitions

誡
* to warn; to admonish; to caution
* to take precautions; to guard against
* (religion) commandments; precepts; tenets

### Compounds

* 勸誡 / 劝诫 (quànjiè)
* 十誡 / 十诫 (shíjiè)
* 告誡 / 告诫 (gàojiè)
* 告誡書 / 告诫书
* 女誡 / 女诫
* 小懲大誡 / 小惩大诫
* 炯誡 / 炯诫
* 狐丘之誡 / 狐丘之诫
* 申誡 / 申诫
* 訓誡 / 训诫 (xùnjiè)
* 誥誡 / 诰诫 (gàojiè)

### References

* “誡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “诫”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 110.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* admonish
* warn
* prohibit

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かい (kai)
* Kun: いましめる (imashimeru)

## Korean
### Hanja

誡 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

誡: Hán Việt readings: giới
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* ↑ Trần (2004).