# heat
## English
### Pronunciation

* enPR: hēt, IPA: /hiːt/
* Audio (US):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /hit/, [çit]
* Rhymes: -iːt

### Etymology 1

From Middle English hete, from Old English hǣtu, from Proto-West Germanic *haitī, from Proto-Germanic *haitį̄ (“heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *keHy- (“heat; hot”). Cognate with Scots hete (“heat”), North Frisian hiet (“heat”), Old High German heizī (“heat”). Related also to Dutch hitte (“heat”), German Hitze (“heat”), Swedish hetta (“heat”), Icelandic hiti (“heat”).

#### Noun

heat (countable and uncountable, plural heats)
* (uncountable) Thermal energy.
** 2007, James Shipman, Jerry Wilson, Aaron Todd, An Introduction to Physical Science: Twelfth Edition, pages 106–108:Heat and temperature, although different, are intimately related. [...] For example, suppose you added equal amounts of heat to equal masses of iron and aluminum. How do you think their temperatures would change? […] if the temperature of the iron increased by 100 C°, the corresponding temperature change in the aluminum would be only 48 C°.
** '2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Space Combat: Combat Endurance Codex entry:Heat limits the length and intensity of ship-to-ship combat. Starships generate enormous s'heat when they fire high-energy weapons, perform maneuvering burns, and run on-board combat electronics. In combat, warships produce heat more quickly than they can disperse it. As heat builds within a vessel, the crewed spaces become increasingly uncomfortable. Before the heat reaches lethal levels, a ship must win or retreat by entering FTL. After an FTL run, the ships halts, shuts down non-essential systems, and activates the heat radiation gear.
** 2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame.
    This furnace puts out 5000 BTUs of heat. That engine is really throwing off some heat. Removal of heat from the liquid caused it to turn into a solid.
* (uncountable) The condition or quality of being hot.
    Stay out of the heat of the sun!
* (uncountable) An attribute of a spice that causes a burning sensation in the mouth.
    The chili sauce gave the dish heat.
* (uncountable) A period of intensity, particularly of emotion.
    Synonyms: passion, vehemence
    It's easy to make bad decisions in the heat of the moment.
* (uncountable) An undesirable amount of attention.
    The heat from her family after her DUI arrest was unbearable.
* (countable, baseball) A fastball.
    The catcher called for the heat, high and tight.
* (uncountable) A condition where a mammal is aroused sexually or where it is especially fertile and therefore eager to mate; oestrus.
    The male canines were attracted by the female in heat.
** (countable, fandom slang) In omegaverse fiction, a cyclical period in which omegas experience an intense, sometimes irresistible biological urge to mate.
*** 2013, Kristina Busse, “Pon Farr, Mpreg, Bonds, and the Rise of the Omegaverse”, in Anne Jamison, editor, Fic: Why Fanfiction Is Taking Over the World, page 321:Some stories engage in dub-con scenarios where one or both partners are out of their minds with heat lust and lose all reasoning and inhibitions.
*** 2017, Marianne Gunderson, "What is an omega? Rewriting sex and gender in omegaverse fanfiction", thesis submitted to the University of Oslo, page 40:
    When Yuri goes into his first heat, it is not only an uncomfortable and traumatic physical experience, it is also an identity crisis: this is the moment realizes that he is an omega, and not a beta as he had previously assumed.
*** 2018, Laura Campillo Arnaiz, “When the Omega Empath Met the Alpha Doctor: An Analysis of Alpha/Beta/Omega Dynamics in the Hannibal Fandom”, in Ashton Spacey, editor, The Darker Side of Slash Fan Fiction, page 127:Hannibal's first kiss and his alpha saliva trigger Will's heat, […]
* (countable) A preliminary race, used to determine the participants in a final race.
    The runner had high hopes, but was out of contention after the first heat.
* (countable, by extension) A stage in a competition, not necessarily a sporting one; a round.
** 2019 December 20, Becca, lakedistricthotels.net‎:The first heat of the Rotary Young Chef Competition went underway on Monday 16th December…
* (countable) One cycle of bringing metal to maximum temperature and working it until it is too cool to work further.
    I can make a scroll like that in a single heat.
** 1945 January and February, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—III”, in Railway Magazine, page 13:The smiths themselves were a grand lot of fellows, full of a robust, and sometimes Rabelaisian sense of humour, and between "heats," they could be most entertaining.
* (countable) A hot spell.
    The children stayed indoors during this year's summer heat.
* (uncountable) Heating system; a system that raises the temperature of a room or building.
    I'm freezing; could you turn on the heat?
* (uncountable) The output of a heating system.
    During the power outage we had no heat because the controls are electric. Older folks like more heat than the young.
* (countable) A violent action unintermitted; a single effort.
** 1767, John Dryden, THE MISCELLANEOUS WORKS OF JOHN DRYDEN,Esq; Containing all his ORIGINAL POEMS, TITLES, AND TRANSLATIONS, IN FOUR VOLUMES.: VOLUME THE THIRD, page xxvii:…many pauses are required for refreshment betwixt the heats….
* (uncountable, slang) The police.
    The heat! Scram!
** 1966 December, Stephen Stills, “For What It's Worth”‎performed by Buffalo Springfield:What a field day for the heat / A thousand people in the street
** 1976, Jacques Levy, Bob Dylan, “Hurricane”, in Desire, performed by Bob Dylan:If you’re black / You might as well not show up on the street / Unless you want to draw the heat
* (uncountable, slang) One or more firearms.
** 1983, Larry Niven with Jerry Pournelle, Lucifer's hammer, page 508:You carrying heat?" "You saw me unload the pistol," Hugo said. "It's in the waistband. And the kitchen knife. I need that for eating.
** 2004, Tom Clancy, The Teeth of the Tiger, page 62:Evidently, he wasn't carrying heat with him at the time." "Civilized place like Rome, why bother?" Granger observed.
** 2005, John Sayles, Pride of the Bimbos, page 187:Pogo Burns is not a guy who likes to be threatened with a rifle. Especially when it's for no good reason. You never show heat unless you plan to use it.
** 2007, Brian Groh, Summer People, page 234:"I should have brought some heat for you." "Heat?" "A burner, man, a gun."
** 2008, James Swain, The Night Stalker, page 92:Both were carrying heat, and I slipped their pieces into my pants pockets.
* (uncountable, slang) Stylish and valuable sneakers.
    Whoa, that guy is rocking some serious heat.
** 2011 September 26, Nick Restivo, “Choreographed Kicks: A History of Boy Bands in Sneaker Heat”, in Complex‎, New York, N.Y.: Complex Networks, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-29:Even the boy bands had heat.
** 2020 July 2, Fabian Gorsler, “This Week's Sneaker Weather Forecast Gets Hot & Sweaty”, in Highsnobiety‎, archived from the original on 29 August 2023:The sneaker release calendar is unpredictable like the weather. Some kicks are pure heat, while others deserve to be left out in the cold. Sifting through the mass isn't easy.
** 2021 September 4, Ross Dwyer, “Sole Mates: Chef James Kent and the Union x Air Jordan 1”, in Hypebeast‎, archived from the original on 2022-12-25:So from a working standpoint, does everyone wear heat in the kitchen? I heard you and your chefs talking about it before the interview.
** 2023 May 1, Pat Benson, “The NBA's Top Ten Sneakers of February”, in Sports Illustrated‎, New York, N.Y.: Arena Group Holdings, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 August 2023:February is always a great month for sneakers. Thanks to the NBA All-Star Game, all of the league's brightest stars use the platform as an opportunity to debut some new heat.
* (professional wrestling slang) A negative reaction from the audience, especially as a heel (or bad character), or in general.

##### Derived terms

* animal heat
* body heat
* bottom heat
* canned heat
* catch heat
* dead heat
* feel the heat
* heat apoplexy
* heat bank
* heat barrier
* heat capacity
* heat check
* heat checker
* heat conductance
* heat conductivity
* heat day
* heat death
* heat death of the universe
* heat detector
* heat dome
* heat dump
* heaten
* heat engine
* heat exchange
* heat exchanger
* heat exhaustion
* heat gun
* heat haze
* heat index
* heat intolerance
* heat island
* heat labile
* heat lamp
* heat lightning
* heat map
* heat of fusion
* heat of passion
* heat of reaction
* heat of transformation
* heat of vaporization
* heat paste
* heat plot
* heatproof
* heat-proof
* heat pump
* heat rash
* heat-ray
* heat-resistant
* heat resistant
* heat rub
* heat-seal
* heat-seeking
* heat shield
* heat shock
* heat shock protein
* heat shrink
* heat sink
* heat spreader
* heat stable
* heat storm
* heat stroke
* heatstroke
* heat thunder
* heat time
* heat transfer
* heat-treat
* heat treater
* heat treatment
* heat vision
* heatwave
* heat wave
* humid heat
* in heat
* in the heat of the moment
* Joulean heat
* Joule heat
* latent heat
* like a bitch on heat
* like a dog in heat
* like a dog on heat
* molar heat capacity
* more heat than light
* Nernst heat theorem
* on heat
* out of heat
* over-heat
* pack heat
* prickly heat
* put the heat on
* red heat
* Scoville heat unit
* specific heat
* specific heat capacity
* take the heat
* tan heat
* the heat is on
* turn up the heat
* white heat

##### Translations

Afrikaans: hitte (af)
Albanian: nxehtësi (sq) f, (archaic) ohtë
Arabic: حَرَارَة (ar) f (ḥarāra)
Egyptian Arabic: حرارة f (ḥarara)
Armenian: ջերմություն (hy) (ǰermutʻyun), տաքություն (hy) (takʻutʻyun)
Aromanian: cãroari f, cãloari f, cãldurã f
Assamese: তাও (taü), তাপ (tap), গৰম (gorom)
Asturian: calor (ast)
Basque: bero
Bulgarian: топлина (bg) f (toplina)
Catalan: calor (ca)
Cebuano: init
Chinese:
Cantonese: 熱 / 热 (jit$^6$)
Mandarin: 熱 / 热 (zh) (rè)
Czech: teplo (cs) n
Danish: varme c
Dutch: warmte (nl) f
Egyptian: (srf)
Esperanto: varmo
Finnish: lämpö (fi), lämpöenergia (fi), lämpömäärä
Franco-Provençal: chalor
French: chaleur (fr) f
Friulian: calôr, cjalt
Galician: calor (gl) f
Georgian: სითბო (sitbo)
German: Wärmeenergie (de) f, Wärme (de) f
Greek: θερμότητα (el) f (thermótita), ζέστη (el) f (zésti)
Ancient: θέρμη f (thérmē), θάλπος n (thálpos), καῦμα n (kaûma)
Guinea-Bissau Creole: kalur
Gujarati: તાપ m (tāp), ગરમી (gu) f (garmī), ઉકળાટ (gu) m (ukaḷāṭ)
Hausa: zafi (ha) m
Hebrew: חום (he) m (khóm), טמפרטורה (he) f (temperatúra)
Higaonon: init
Hiligaynon: init
Hindi: गर्मी f (garmī), तपिश (hi) f (tapiś), आँच (hi) f (ā̃c), गर्म (hi) m (garm), ताप (hi) m (tāp)
Hungarian: hő (hu)
Ilocano: pudot
Indonesian: kalor (id)
Irish: teas m
Italian: calore (it) m
Japanese: 熱 (ja) (ねつ, netsu)
Kabuverdianu: kalor
Kapampangan: pali
Kazakh: жылулық (jylulyq)
Korean: 열 (ko) (yeol)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: گەرما (germa)
Northern Kurdish: tîn (ku) f
Latgalian: syltums m
Latin: calor m
Latvian: siltums m
Lithuanian: šiluma (lt) f
Macedonian: топлина f (toplina)
Malagasy: mafana (mg)
Malay: haba (ms), bahang (ms), kepanasan (ms)
Maltese: sħana (mt) f
Maori: mahana (mi)
Maranao: pakayaw
Mauritian Creole: saler
Megleno-Romanian: căloari f
Middle English: hete
Norwegian: varme (no) m
Occitan: calor (oc)
Old English: hǣtu f
Oromo: ho'ina
Ottoman Turkish: ایصی (ısı, ıssı), صیجاق (sıcak)
Pangasinan: puetang
Papiamentu: kalor
Pashto: تودوخي f (tawdoxi)
Persian: گرما (fa) (garmâ), داغی (fa) (dāɣī)
Plautdietsch: Hett f
Polish: ciepło (pl) n
Portuguese: calor (pt) m
Quechua: ruphay
Rapa Nui: hana
Romanian: căldură (ro) f
Romansch: chalur, calira f, caleira f
Russian: тепло́ (ru) n (tepló), жар (ru) m (žar)
Sanskrit: घृण (sa) m (ghṛṇa), घर्म (sa) m (gharma), तपस् (sa) n (tapas)
Santali: ᱞᱚᱞᱚ (lôlô)
Sardinian: calore, calori
Serbo-Croatian: toplina (sh) f
Sicilian: caudu (scn) m calura (scn) f calurìa f, caluri (scn) m
Slovene: toplota (sl) f
Southern Altai: изӱ (izü), јылу (ǰïlu)
Spanish: calor (es) m
Sundanese: ᮕᮔᮞ᮪ (panas)
Swahili: harara (sw)
Swedish: värme (sv), värmeenergi (sv)
Tagalog: init (tl)
Tamil: சூடு (ta) (cūṭu)
Telugu: విద్యుత్చక్తి (vidyutcakti)
Thai: ความร้อน (th) (kwaam-rɔ́ɔn)
Tocharian B: emalle
Turkish: ısı (tr)
Ukrainian: тепло́ n (tepló), жар m (žar)
Urdu: گرمی f (garmī), تپش f (tapiś), آنچ (ur) f (ānc)
Venetan: całor m
Volapük: hit (vo)
Waray-Waray: init
Yakut: куйаас (kuyaas), итии (itii)
Yup'ik: puqla
Zazaki: gharm, gherm :
Afrikaans: warm (af)
Albanian : Nxehtë , Zet (geg)
Arabic: حَرَارَة (ar) f (ḥarāra), سُخُونَة (suḵūna)
Armenian: շոգ (hy) (šog), տապ (hy) (tap)
Basque: bero
Bulgarian: жега (bg) f (žega), горещина (bg) f (goreština)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 熱 / 热 (jit$^6$)
Mandarin: 熱 / 热 (zh) (rè)
Czech: vedro (cs) n
Danish: varme c
Dutch: hitte (nl) f
Egyptian: (srf m), (tꜣw m), (šmmt f), (šmm m)
Esperanto: varmego
Finnish: kuumuus (fi), lämpö (fi)
French: chaleur (fr) f
Old French: chalor m
Galician: calor (gl) f
Georgian: სიცხე (sicxe)
German: Hitze (de) f, Wärme (de) f
Greek:
Ancient: θέρμη f (thérmē)
Guinea-Bissau Creole: kalur
Hebrew: חום (he) m (khóm)
Hiligaynon: init
Hindi: घर्म (hi) m (gharm), गर्म (hi) m (garm), गरम (hi) m (garam)
Hungarian: meleg (hu), forróság (hu), hőség (hu)
Ilocano: pudot
Indonesian: panas (id)
Irish: teas m
Italian: calore (it) m, caldo (it) m
Japanese: 熱 (ja) (ねつ, netsu), 熱さ (ja) (あつさ, atsusa), 暑さ　(あつさ)
Javanese: panas (jv)
Kabuverdianu: kalor
Kapampangan: pali
Khmer: កំដៅ (kɑmdaw)
Korean: 열 (ko) (yeol)
Latgalian: korstums
Latin: calor m
Latvian: karstums m, svelme f, tveice f
Lithuanian: karštis m, kaitra f
Luxembourgish: Hëtzt f
Manchu: ᡶᡳᠶᠠᡴᡳᠶᠠᠨ (fiyakiyan)
Middle English: hete
Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
Norwegian: varme (no) m
Old English: hǣtu f
Ottoman Turkish: ایصی (ısı, ıssı), صیجاق (sıcak)
Papiamentu: kalor
Pashto: تودوخي f (tawdoxi)
Persian: داغی (fa) (dāɣī)
Plautdietsch: Hett f
Polish: ciepło (pl) n, żar (pl) m, gorąco (pl) n
Portuguese: calor (pt) m
Romanian: căldură (ro) f
Russian: теплота́ (ru) f (teplotá), нагре́в (ru) m (nagrév), нака́л (ru) m (nakál), тепло́ (ru) n (tepló), жар (ru) m (žar), жара́ (ru) f (žará)
Sanskrit: घर्म (sa) m (gharma)
Serbo-Croatian: vrućina f
Slovene: vročina (sl) f
Spanish: calor (es) m
Swahili: joto (sw) class 5
Swedish: hetta (sv), temperatur (sv), värme (sv)
Tagalog: init (tl)
Telugu: వేడి (te) (vēḍi)
Thai: ความร้อน (th) (kwaam-rɔ́ɔn)
Vietnamese: hơi nóng
Volapük: hit (vo) :
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English heten, from Old English hǣtan (“to heat; become hot”), from Proto-Germanic *haitijaną (“to heat, make hot”).

#### Verb

heat (third-person singular simple present heats, present participle heating, simple past and past participle heated or (dialectal) het)
* (transitive) To cause an increase in temperature of (an object or space); to cause to become hot (often with "up").
    I'll heat up the water.
* (intransitive) To become hotter.
    There's a pot of soup heating on the stove.
* (transitive, figurative) To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.
** c. 1607–1608 (date written), William Shakespeare, [George Wilkins?], The Late, and Much Admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: […] [William White and Thomas Creede] for Henry Gosson, […], published 1609, →OCLC,:Ile leaue you my ſweete Ladie, for a while, pray walke ſoftly, doe not heate your bloud, what, I muſt haue care of you.
* (transitive, figurative) To excite ardour in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.
** a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “To His Sacred Majesty. A Panegyric on his Coronation.”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume I, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 34:A noble emulation heats your breaſt, / And your own fame now robs you of your reſt.
* (transitive, slang) To arouse, to excite (sexually).
    The massage heated her up.

##### Synonyms

* stoke
* warm up
* heat up; hot up, hot

##### Derived terms

* heatable
* heat-and-eat
* heater
* heat through
* heat up
* overheat
* preheat
* reheat
* self-heating
* steam-heat
* superheat
* underheat

##### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Further reading

* “heat”, in Collins English Dictionary.
* “heat”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
* “heat”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
* “heat”, in Cambridge English Dictionary, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, 1999–present.

### Anagrams

* Thea, eath, haet, hate, heta

## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

heat m (chiefly Lewis, south Skye)
* anything, (in the negative) nothing
    Synonyms: càil, dad, func, sgath, sìon, stuth

## Swedish
### Etymology

From English heat.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈhiːt/
* Homophone: hit

### Noun

heat n
* (sports) A heat, a preliminary race, used to determine the participants in a final race
    Johansson och Skoog går vidare från det första heatet.Johansson and Skoog are through from the first heat.

#### Derived terms

* försöksheat
* kvalheat
* mellanheat
* skiljeheat
* uppsamlingsheat

### Anagrams

* Thea, heta