# gelo
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [ˈʒɛ.lu]
* IPA: (Balearic) [ˈʒɛ.lo]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ˈd͡ʒɛ.lo]

### Verb

gelo
* first-person singular present indicative of gelar

## Esperanto
### Etymology

From Latin gelu.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɡelo]
* Rhymes: -elo
* Hyphenation: ge‧lo

### Noun

gelo (accusative singular gelon, plural geloj, accusative plural gelojn)
* (weather) frost
    Synonym: frosto

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɛ.lo/
* Rhymes: -ɛlo
* Hyphenation: gè‧lo

### Etymology 1

From Latin gelū (“frost, chill”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).

#### Alternative forms

* gielo (obsolete)

#### Noun

gelo m (plural geli)
* intense cold
* frost
* cold weather
* icy water
* coldness (lack of enthusiasm etc.)

##### Related terms

* gelare
* gelata
* gelato
* gelicidio
* gelido

##### Descendants

* → Neapolitan: gelo

### Etymology 2

Form of the verb gelare (“to freeze, chill”)

#### Verb

gelo
* first-person singular present indicative of gelare

### Anagrams

* gole, lego, legò

## Latin
### Etymology

From gelū (“frost”) +‎ -ō, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γελανδρόν (gelandrón).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈɡe.loː/, [ˈɡɛɫ̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈd͡ʒe.lo/, [ˈd͡ʒɛːlo]

### Verb

gelō (present infinitive gelāre, perfect active gelāvī, supine gelātum); first conjugation
* to freeze, cause to congeal
* to frighten, petrify, cause to become rigid with fright

#### Derived terms

* congelō
* regelō

#### Descendants

* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: gelare
*** → Neapolitan: gelà
** Neapolitan: jelare
** Sicilian: jilari
* Padanian:
** Emilian: zlar, zler
** Lombard: zelar, zerar, zlar, zler, gelar, gerar
** Ligurian: zeâ, zerâ, zrê
** Piedmontese: geilé, g-ré, gelé, zlé, azlà
** Romagnol: zler
** Romansch: schelar
** Venetan: xełar, gełar
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: gelar
** Franco-Provençal: gelar
** Old French: geler
*** French: geler
*** Norman: g'ler, g'laïr (Guernsey)
*** Walloon: djaler
*** → Middle English: gelen, gellyn
**** English: geal
**** Scots: geal, jeel
** Occitan: gelar
* Ibero-Romance:
** Aragonese: chelar
** Asturian: xelar
** Extremaduran: gelal
** Galician: xear
** Ladino: yelar
** Portuguese: gear
** Spanish: helar
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: gelare, zelare
* Borrowings:
** → Portuguese: gelar (learned)
*** Guinea-Bissau Creole: djela

#### See also

* glaciō

### References

* “gelo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “gelo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* gelo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 256

## Neapolitan
### Alternative forms

* jélo

### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian gelo, from Latin gelū. The alternative form above represents the native Neapolitan outcome.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɛlə/

### Noun

gelo m (plural [please provide])
* frost (on the vegetation especially)
* cold (relatively intense cold)

### References

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 383: “il gelo” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

## Old High German
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, whence also Old English geolu.

### Adjective

gelo
* yellow

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: gël (inflected gëlwe)
** Alemannic German:
*** Alsatian: gahl, gäl
    Swabian: geal
** Central Franconian: gäl, jäl, jell
** Cimbrian: gel, ghéel (Sette Comuni)
** German: gelb; gehl (regional)
    → Hunsrik: gelleb
** Luxembourgish: giel
** Pennsylvania German: gehl
** Vilamovian: gaoł
** Yiddish: געל (gel), געלב (gelb)

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* gelu

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, whence also Old English geolu.

### Adjective

gelo
* yellow

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: gēl
** Low German: gelb
*** German Low German: geel, gęl, gäl
    Hamburgisch: geel
*** Westphalian:
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: gial
    Lippisch: gäll
    Sauerländisch: giäl, geal, gail, gēäl
    Westmünsterländisch: gääl, geel, gell
** Plautdietsch: jäl

## Portuguese
### Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese gelo, borrowed from Latin gelū, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Displaced the inherited Old Portuguese geo.

#### Alternative forms

* gêlo (pre-reform spelling or misspelling)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʒe.lu/
* Rhymes: -elu
* Hyphenation: ge‧lo

#### Noun

gelo m (plural gelos)
* (uncountable) ice (frozen water)
* a cube or chunk of ice
* (informal) coldness; cold (low temperature)
    Synonym: frio
* (figurative) chill (a sudden sense of fear or anxiety)
* (figurative) coldness (lack of emotion)
    Synonym: frieza
* (figurative) a very cool place

##### Derived terms

* gelinho (diminutive)
* gelo seco
* gelozinho (diminutive)

##### Related terms

* congelado
* congelamento
* congelar
* degelar
* degelo
* geada
* gear
* geladinho
* gelado
* gelar

##### Descendants

* Guinea-Bissau Creole: djelu
* Kabuverdianu: gelu

#### Adjective

gelo (invariable)
* whose colour is a shade of white like that of ice

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈʒɛ.lu/
* Rhymes: -ɛlu
* Hyphenation: ge‧lo

#### Verb

gelo
* first-person singular present indicative of gelar