# atrium
## English
### Etymology

From Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeɪ.tɹi.əm/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Hyphenation: a‧tri‧um

### Noun

atrium (plural atria or atriums)
* (architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.
* (architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.
* (anatomy) A cavity, entrance, or passage.
    an atrium of the infundibula of the lungs
* (biology) Any enclosed body cavity or chamber.
* (anatomy) An upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle. In higher vertebrates, the right atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, and the left atrium receives blood from the left and right pulmonary veins.
* (anatomy) A microscopic air sac within a pulmonary alveolus.
* (palynology) A cavity inside a porate aperture of a pollen grain formed by the separation of the sexine and nexine layers, widening toward the interior of the grain.
** 1965, Janet Kircher Warter, Palynology of a Lignite of Lower Eocene (Wilcox) Age from Kemper County‎, page 52:Nexine 0.5μ thick, separating from the sexine about 5μ from the pore and forming a deep, well-defined atrium.

#### Synonyms

* (room in Roman homes): cavaedium

#### Meronyms

* (chamber of the heart): left atrium, right atrium

#### Holonyms

* (chamber of the heart): heart

#### Derived terms

* atrial
* atriate
* atriumed
* dorsoatrium
* preatrium
* subatrium

#### Further reading

* atrium on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

### Anagrams

* Timaru

## Etruscan
### Romanization

atrium
* Romanization of 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌

## Finnish
### Etymology

From Latin ātrium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɑtrium/, [ˈɑ̝t̪rium]
* Rhymes: -ɑtrium
* Hyphenation: at‧ri‧um

### Noun

atrium
* atrium (central room in Roman homes)
* atrium (square hall lit from above)
    Synonym: valopiha

#### Declension

Possessive forms of atrium (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
atriumini
atriumini
accusative
nom.
atriumini
atriumini
gen.
atriumini
genitive
atriumini
atriumieni
partitive
atriumiani
atriumejani
inessive
atriumissani
atriumeissani
elative
atriumistani
atriumeistani
illative
atriumiini
atriumeihini
adessive
atriumillani
atriumeillani
ablative
atriumiltani
atriumeiltani
allative
atriumilleni
atriumeilleni
essive
atriuminani
atriumeinani
translative
atriumikseni
atriumeikseni
abessive
atriumittani
atriumeittani
instructive
comitative
—atriumeineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
atriumisi
atriumisi
accusative
nom.
atriumisi
atriumisi
gen.
atriumisi
genitive
atriumisi
atriumiesi
partitive
atriumiasi
atriumejasi
inessive
atriumissasi
atriumeissasi
elative
atriumistasi
atriumeistasi
illative
atriumiisi
atriumeihisi
adessive
atriumillasi
atriumeillasi
ablative
atriumiltasi
atriumeiltasi
allative
atriumillesi
atriumeillesi
essive
atriuminasi
atriumeinasi
translative
atriumiksesi
atriumeiksesi
abessive
atriumittasi
atriumeittasi
instructive
comitative
—atriumeinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
atriumimme
atriumimme
accusative
nom.
atriumimme
atriumimme
gen.
atriumimme
genitive
atriumimme
atriumiemme
partitive
atriumiamme
atriumejamme
inessive
atriumissamme
atriumeissamme
elative
atriumistamme
atriumeistamme
illative
atriumiimme
atriumeihimme
adessive
atriumillamme
atriumeillamme
ablative
atriumiltamme
atriumeiltamme
allative
atriumillemme
atriumeillemme
essive
atriuminamme
atriumeinamme
translative
atriumiksemme
atriumeiksemme
abessive
atriumittamme
atriumeittamme
instructive
comitative
—atriumeinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
atriuminne
atriuminne
accusative
nom.
atriuminne
atriuminne
gen.
atriuminne
genitive
atriuminne
atriumienne
partitive
atriumianne
atriumejanne
inessive
atriumissanne
atriumeissanne
elative
atriumistanne
atriumeistanne
illative
atriumiinne
atriumeihinne
adessive
atriumillanne
atriumeillanne
ablative
atriumiltanne
atriumeiltanne
allative
atriumillenne
atriumeillenne
essive
atriuminanne
atriumeinanne
translative
atriumiksenne
atriumeiksenne
abessive
atriumittanne
atriumeittanne
instructive
comitative
—atriumeinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
atriuminsa
atriuminsa
accusative
nom.
atriuminsa
atriuminsa
gen.
atriuminsa
genitive
atriuminsa
atriumiensa
partitive
atriumiaan atriumiansa
atriumejaan atriumejansa
inessive
atriumissaan atriumissansa
atriumeissaan atriumeissansa
elative
atriumistaan atriumistansa
atriumeistaan atriumeistansa
illative
atriumiinsa
atriumeihinsa
adessive
atriumillaan atriumillansa
atriumeillaan atriumeillansa
ablative
atriumiltaan atriumiltansa
atriumeiltaan atriumeiltansa
allative
atriumilleen atriumillensa
atriumeilleen atriumeillensa
essive
atriuminaan atriuminansa
atriumeinaan atriumeinansa
translative
atriumikseen atriumiksensa
atriumeikseen atriumeiksensa
abessive
atriumittaan atriumittansa
atriumeittaan atriumeittansa
instructive
comitative
—atriumeineen atriumeinensa :

#### Derived terms

* atriumtalo

### Further reading

* “atrium”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

## French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ātrium. Doublet of aître.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.tʁi.jɔm/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

atrium m (plural atriums)
* atrium

### Further reading

* “atrium”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [at̚ˈriʊm]
* Hyphenation: at‧ri‧um

### Noun

atrium (uncountable)
* atrium:
    Synonym: serambi
** (architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.
    Synonym: beranda
** (anatomy) cavity, entrance, or passage.
** (anatomy) one of two upper chambers of the heart.

### Further reading

* “atrium” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Latin
### Etymology

* Either from Ancient Greek αἴθριον (aíthrion, “under the sky, open”) (see αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “clear sky, heaven”)),
* or related to Latin āter, Umbrian 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌖 (atru), Oscan 𐌀𐌀𐌃𐌝𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (aadíriis), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁tr-yom,
* or from Etruscan 𐌀𐌈𐌓𐌄 (aθre, “atrium, temple, house, domus”).
Related to Etruscan 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌 (atrium).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaː.tri.um/, [ˈäːt̪riʊ̃ˑ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.tri.um/, [ˈäːt̪rium]

### Noun

ātrium n (genitive ātriī or ātrī); second declension
* a welcoming room in a Roman villa; reception hall, main court
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.665–666:It clāmor ad altā / ātriaAn outcry goes up to the height of the [palace] halls. (Translations vary – Mackail, 1885: “the high halls”; Knight, 1956: “the palace-roof”; Fitzgerald, 1981: “the high chambers”; West, 1990: “the high walls of the palace”; Ahl, 2007: “high through the courtyard’s open roof”; Ruden, 2021: “to the rooftop”.)
* a hall, court in a temple

#### Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).
$^1$Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

#### Derived terms

* ātriārius
* ātriēnsis
* ātriola
* ātriolum

#### Descendants

* Inherited:
** Northern Gallo-Romance:
*** Old French: aitre
**** French: aître
**** Norman: aistre (merged with some Norse root, hence the unetymological ⟨s⟩)
** Ibero-Romance:
*** Asturian: adriu ⇒ adral
*** Galician: adro
*** Portuguese: adro
* Borrowed:
** → Catalan: atri
** → English: atrium
** → Galician: atrio
** → Hungarian: átrium
** → Irish: aitriam
** → Italian: atrio
** → Portuguese: átrio
** → Romanian: atriu
** → Spanish: atrio

#### See also

* Ātrius
* vestibulum

### References

* “ātrĭum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “atrium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "atrium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* ātrĭum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 182/3.
* “atrium”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “atrium”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
* “ātrium” on page 199 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
* Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “atrium”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 67

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

atrium n (definite singular atriet, indefinite plural atrier, definite plural atria or atriene)
* (architecture) an atrium

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Noun

atrium n (definite singular atriet, indefinite plural atrium, definite plural atria)
* (architecture) an atrium

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin ātrium.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈa.trjum/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -atrjum
* Syllabification: a‧trium

### Noun

atrium n
* (architecture) atrium (a square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels)
* (architecture, Ancient Rome) atrium (a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings)
* (anatomy) atrium (one of two upper chambers of the heart)
    Synonym: przedsionek

#### Derived terms

* atrialny

### Further reading

* atrium in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* atrium in Polish dictionaries at PWN

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin atrium.

### Noun

atrium n (uncountable)
* atrium