# 葸

| 葸 | U+8478, &#33912; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8478 |
| ← 葷 [U+8477] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 葹 → [U+8479] |

## Translingual
### Han character

葸 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿田心 (TWP), four-corner 4433$_6$, composition ⿱艹思)
* afraid, bashful

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1046, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31463
* Dae Jaweon: page 1508, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3249, character 3
* Unihan data for U+8478

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 崽 | *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː |
| 偲 | *sn̥ʰɯː, *snɯ |
| 腮 | *snɯː |
| 鰓 | *snɯː |
| 揌 | *snɯː |
| 顋 | *snɯː |
| 愢 | *snɯː |
| 毢 | *snɯː |
| 諰 | *srɯː, *snɯʔ |
| 細 | *snɯːls |
| 思 | *snɯ, *snɯs |
| 緦 | *snɯ |
| 罳 | *snɯ |
| 禗 | *snɯ |
| 楒 | *snɯ |
| 葸 | *snɯʔ |
| 恖 | *snɯ |
| 颸 | *sʰrɯ |
| 囟 | *snɯns |
| 顖 | *sniŋs |
| 毸 | *snɯː |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *snɯʔ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 思 (OC *snɯ, *snɯs).

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xǐ (xi$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saai$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǐ
*** Wade–Giles: hsi$^3$
*** Yale: syǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shii
*** Palladius: си (si)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saai$^2$
*** Yale: sáai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saai$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːi̯³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: siX
Rime :
| Character | 葸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 胥里切 |
| Baxter | siX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /siə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /si$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*snɯʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 葸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13841 |
| Phonetic component | 囟 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 枲 |
| Old Chinese | /*snɯʔ/ |

### Definitions

葸
* (obsolete) a type of reed
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) scared; fearful; timid
    alt. forms: 偲, 𤟧 (sǐ), 諰 / 𫍰 (xǐ), 鰓 / 鳃 (xǐ)
* (literary, obsolete) expressionless; emotionless

### Compounds

* 便辟佞葸
* 恇葸
* 懦葸
* 畏葸 (wèixǐ)
* 畏葸不前 (wèixǐbùqián)
* 畏葸卻步 / 畏葸却步
* 畏葸退縮 / 畏葸退缩
* 葸慎
* 葸懦
* 葸耎
* 葸葸
* 衰葸
* 退葸
* 鬼葸戲 / 鬼葸戏

### References

* “葸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* 羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “葸”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B03957

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): さい (sai)、し (shi)
* Kun: よい (yoi)

## Korean

葸 (eum 사 (sa))
* afraid fear