# kal
## Translingual
### Symbol

kal
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Greenlandic.

## Acholi
### Noun

kál
* millet

## Assangori
### Noun

kal
* water

### References

* Elaine, Bombay, Enquête sociolinguistique sur les langues tama et assangori parlers du Tchad et du Soudan (2007)

## Atong (India)
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kal/

### Noun

kal (Bengali script কাল)
* horn (traditional instrument)

### References

* van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

## Azerbaijani
### Etymology

From Persian کال.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [cɑɫ]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

kal (comparative daha kal, superlative ən kal)
* unripe
    Synonyms: dəyməmiş, yetişməmiş, göy
* dull, stupid
    Synonyms: key, küt, kütbeyin, gecanlayan, tupoy
* (of voice) hoarse
    Synonyms: tutqun, boğunuq
* only used in yuxudan kal durmaq tired, half asleep, sleep-deprived
    Yuxudan kal durmuşam. ― I woke up tired, I didn't get enough sleep.

### Further reading

* “kal” in Obastan.com.

## Central Nahuatl
### Noun

kal
* house.

## Cornish
### Alternative forms

* kalgh

### Etymology

Variant of kalgh.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /kal/

### Noun

kal m (plural kalyow)
* (anatomy) penis

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈkal]
* Rhymes: -al

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.

#### Noun

kal m inan
* dregs (suspended sediment or other particles in a liquid)

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

kal
* second-person singular imperative of kalit

### Further reading

* “kal”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “kal”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “kal”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

kal
* inflection of kallen:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

### Anagrams

* alk, lak

## Guinea-Bissau Creole
### Etymology

From Portuguese qual.

### Pronoun

kal
* what

## Icelandic
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkʰaːl/
* Rhymes: -aːl

### Noun

kal n (genitive singular kals, no plural)
* frostbite

#### Derived terms

* kalinn
* kalsár

### Anagrams

* lak

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese qual.

### Pronoun

kal
* which

## Kholosi
### Etymology

From Paisaci Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀮𑁆𑀮 (kalla)), from Sanskrit कल्य (kalya).

### Adverb

kal
* yesterday
    Antonym: sabô

### References

* Rezaei, Tahereh (2020) First notes on the syntax of Kholosi as a heritage language in the south of Iran‎, Hormozgan Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts & Tourism Organization

## Kristang
### Etymology

From Portuguese qual.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kal/

### Pronoun

kal
* (interrogative) what; which
* (relative) which

### References

* Ladislav Prištic (2010) Kristang - Crioulo de Base Portuguesa (in Kristang), Masaryk University
* ↑ Prištic, p. 27
* ↑ Prištic, p. 27

## Ladino
### Etymology

Borrowed from Hebrew קָהָל (qahál, “community”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Istanbul):(file)

### Noun

kal m (Hebrew spelling קאל)
* (countable, Judaism) synagogue (a place of worship for Jews or Samaritans)
    Synonyms: esnoga, sinagoga
** 2005, Aki Yerushalayim‎, volumes 26–28, page 60:Se torno el haham dezesperado a su kaza i komio kon muncha ansia, despues de lo kualo metio su vestido blanko de Yom Kippur i entro al kal.The sagely yet desperate rabbi returned home and ate anxiously, after which he put on white clothes for Yom Kippur and entered the synagogue.
* (countable) community
    Synonym: komunita

### References

* ↑ “kal”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

### Further reading

* Aitor García Moreno, editor (2013–), “caħal”, in Diccionario Histórico Judeoespañol (in Spanish), CSIC
* Joseph Nehama, Jesús Cantera (1977) “kal”, in Dictionnaire du Judéo-Espagnol (in French), Madrid: CSIC, →ISBN, page 261
* Elli Kohen & Dahlia Kohen-Gordon (2000) “kal”, in Ladino–English Concise Encyclopedic Dictionary, Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, page 205
* Recuero, Pascual (1977) “kal”, in Diccionario Básico Ladino-Español (in Spanish), 2nd edition, Barcelona: Riopiedras Ediciones, →ISBN, page 76

## Latvian
### Verb

kal
* inflection of kalt:
** second-person singular present indicative
** second-person singular imperative

## Luxembourgish
### Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German *kald, northern variant of kalt.
Cognate with German kalt, Dutch koud, English cold, Icelandic kaldur, West Frisian kâld.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaːl/
* Rhymes: -aːl

### Adjective

kal (masculine kalen, neuter kaalt, comparative méi kal, superlative am keelsten)
* cold

#### Antonyms

* waarm

#### Derived terms

* äiskal

## Northern Kurdish
### Etymology 1

Related to Arabic كَهْل (kahl, “elderly”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑːl/

#### Adjective

kal (Arabic spelling کال)
* (of men) old
    Synonyms: îxtîyar, kokin, mezin, navsera, pîr, sere

##### Derived terms

* kal bûn
* kal kirin
* kalî

#### Noun

kal m (Arabic spelling کال)
* old man
    Synonyms: îxtîyar, kalik, kokin

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Perhaps related to Persian کال (kâl, “year”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kʰɑːl/

#### Adjective

kal (Arabic spelling کال)
* (of melons or corn) unripe, green
    Synonyms: xam, xang

##### Derived terms

* kaltî

#### Noun

kal m (Arabic spelling کال)
* watermelon
    Synonyms: kalik, şiftî, zebeş
* melon
    Synonym: gindor

### References

* Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “kal”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 413

## Pipil
### Etymology

Compare Classical Nahuatl calli.

### Noun

kal (plural kajkat)
* house

### Further reading

* Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter.
* Lara-Martínez, R., McCallister, R. Glosario cultural náwat pipil y nicarao.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kâːl/

### Noun

kȃl m (Cyrillic spelling ка̑л)
* mud
    Synonyms: blato, mulj, kaljuga

#### Declension
## South Efate
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kal/

### Noun

kal
* digging stick

## Sumerian
### Romanization

kal
* Romanization of 𒆗 (kal)

## Swedish
### Etymology

From or related to Old Norse *kǫlr, from Proto-Germanic *kalwaz (“bare, bald”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɑːl/
* Audio:(file)
* Homophones: Karl, Carl (only if pronounced [kɑːl] instead of more common [kɑːɭ])

### Adjective

kal (comparative kalare, superlative kalast)
* lacking its natural covering; bare, without hair or vegetation or leaves or the like
    en kal skallea bald head
    ett kalt träda tree without leaves
    en kal grottaa cave with nothing more than the stone walls (no moss, vines, etc.)
* bare (lacking decorations)
    kala väggarbare walls
    ett kalt ruma bare room

#### Declension

$^1$ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. $^2$ Dated or archaic. $^3$ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

### References

* kal in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* kal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

## Tagalog
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cal, from Vulgar Latin cals, from Latin calx, from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix). Doublet of tsok.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ˈkal/ [ˈkal]
* Rhymes: -al
* Syllabification: kal

### Noun

kal (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔)
* (chemistry) lime (inorganic material containing calcium)
    Synonyms: apog, pirali
* (sports, billiards) cue chalk
    Synonym: tisa

#### Related terms

* agwa-de-kal
* kalbiba
* kalikanto
* kalkula
* kalkulado
* kalkulador
* kalkulasyon
* kalkulo
* kalsada
* kalsado
* kalsipikasyon
* kalsiyo

### Further reading

* “kal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
* Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 98

## Tama (Chad)
### Noun

kal
* water

### References

* Elaine, Bombay, Enquête sociolinguistique sur les langues tama et assangori parlers du Tchad et du Soudan (2007)

## Tedim Chin
### Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kal, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la. Cognates include Khumi Chin ämäkei, Mizo kal and Zou kel.

### Noun

kal
* kidney

### References

* Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

kal
* second-person singular imperative of kalmak

## Wik-Mungkan
### Noun

kal
* rat

## Zou
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kal˧/

### Verb

kal
* (intransitive) to increase

### References

* Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 44