# rode
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) enPR: rōd, IPA: /ˈɹəʊd/
* (US) enPR: rōd, IPA: /ˈɹoʊd/
** Audio (US):(file)
* (Scotland) IPA: /rod/
* Homophones: Rhode, road (general), rowed (except Scotland)
* Rhymes: -əʊd

### Etymology 1
#### Verb

rode
* simple past of ride
* (now colloquial, nonstandard) past participle of ride
** 1662, John Baxter, A Saint Or a Brute […] ‎, page 26:No doubt many a journey you have rode and gone, and many a hard daies labour you have taken, and ſharpened perhaps with care and grief […]
** 1827 [1780], Francis Asbury, The Journal of the Rev. Francis Asbury […] ‎, volume II:We dined at Martin's, and then came on to father Low's: we have rode but eight miles this day.
** 2014 May 5, Eric Bogosian, 100 (monologues)‎, Theatre Communications Group, →ISBN, page 100:I have rode with the Kings, man, and I have rode with the best! I know what the truth is, and the truth is that I count and you don't.

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

rode (third-person singular simple present rodes, present participle roding, simple past and past participle roded)
* (ornithology) Of a male woodcock, to fly back and forth over the edge of a woodland while calling; to perform its, typically crepuscular, mating flight.
** 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 85:"When the sun rises we shall have some splendid play. Only hear the woodcock, how he is roading; he expects fine weather."

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

rode (plural rodes)
* (nautical) The line from a vessel to its anchor.

##### Synonyms

* warp

##### Translations
### Etymology 4
#### Noun

rode (plural rodes)
* Obsolete form of road.
** 1544 October 23, Lord Evre, Letters:Thomas Carlysle, &c. rode a Forrey to Dunglas, and there seased and brought away 80 Nolt, 200 Shepe, 22 Naggs. A Rode made to a Stede called the Hayrebed, and there they gate 30 Nolt, 3 or 4 Naggs.
** 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 8, page 461:There dwelt a ſaluage nation, which did liue / Of ſtealth and ſpoile, and making nightly rode / Into their neighbours borders […]
** 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 27:10, column 1:And Achiſh said, Whither haue ye made a rode to day? And Dauid said, Againſt the South of Iudah, and againſt the South of the Ierahmeelites, and againſt the South of the Kenites.

### Anagrams

* Dore, EDRO, Oder, dero, doer, orde, redo, roed

## Alemannic German
### Pronunciation

* (Zürich) IPA: /ˈrodə/

### Verb

rode (third-person singular simple present rodt, past participle grodt, auxiliary haa)
* (transitive, reflexive) to move, stir
** 1908, Meinrad Lienert, ’s Heiwili, I.5:
    Äs stoht im Stubli, rod't si nüd.

### References

* Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 35.

## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈrodɛ]

### Noun

rode
* vocative singular of rod

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /roːdə/, [ˈʁoːðə]

### Noun

rode c (singular definite roden, plural indefinite roder)
* (military) file
* tax collector's district

#### Declension
### Verb

rode (imperative rod, infinitive at rode, present tense roder, past tense rodede, perfect tense har rodet)
* to mess up (make a physical mess of)
* to rummage, to root

### References

* “rode” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Dutch
### Alternative forms

* rooie

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroː.də/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

rode
* inflection of rood:
** masculine/feminine singular attributive
** definite neuter singular attributive
** plural attributive

### Anagrams

* orde

## French
### Verb

rode
* inflection of roder:
** first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
** second-person singular imperative

### Anagrams

* dore, doré

## Galician
### Verb

rode
* inflection of rodar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

rode
* inflection of roden:
** first-person singular present
** first/third-person singular subjunctive I
** singular imperative

### Anagrams

* oder

## Hunsrik
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroːrə/

### Verb

rode
* to guess

### Further reading

* Online Hunsrik Dictionary

## Italian
### Verb

rode
* third-person singular present indicative of rodere

### Anagrams

* -edro, orde, redo

## Latin
### Verb

rōde
* second-person singular present active imperative of rōdō

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Old English rōd, from Proto-West Germanic *rōdu, from Proto-Germanic *rōdō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.

#### Alternative forms

* rod, rood, roude, rud, rude

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroːd(ə)/
* Rhymes: -oːd

#### Noun

rode (plural rodes or roden)
* A cross or gibbet
* The cross on which Christ was crucified, and derived uses such as:
** A crucifix
** Christlike torment, suffering, or tribulation, as in "an oðer rode to berene" (another cross to bear)
* A rod, pole, or bar
* A quarter of an acre; a rood
* In place names: a woodland clearing.

##### Descendants

* English: rood
* Scots: rude, ruid
* English: Rhode, Rhodes

##### References

* “rọ̄de, n.(5).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-04.
* “road, Etymology, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2023.
* Hanks, Patrick (2022) Dictionary of American Family Names, second edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, s.v. Rhode (no pagination)
* Room, Adrian (1988) Dictionary of place-names in the British Isles, London: Bloomsbury, →ISBN, s.v. Blackrod(p. 42)
* Joseph Bosworth (1921) Thomas Northcote Toller, editor, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Supplement, Oxford: Clarendon Press, s.v. rōd(pp. 689–690)

### Etymology 2

From Old English rād, from Proto-West Germanic *raidu, from Proto-Germanic *raidō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.

#### Alternative forms

* rade, rod, rood, roode

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔːd(ə)/

#### Noun

rode (plural rodes or roden)
* ride, journey, voyage
* harbour, roadstead

##### Related terms

* brandreth

##### Descendants

* English: road
* Scots: raid
** → English: raid, rade (Scotland)
*** → Spanish: raid
*** → French: raid
*** → Italian: raid
*** → Polish: rajd
*** → Romanian: raid
*** → Swedish: räd
* → Old French: *rade
** Middle French: rade
*** French: rade
**** → Catalan: rada
**** → Italian: rada
**** → Spanish: rada

##### References

* “rōde, n.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-04.

### Etymology 3

From Old English rudu.

#### Alternative forms

* rodde, roode, rud, rudde

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrud(ə)/, /ˈroːd(ə)/

#### Noun

rode (plural rodes or roden)
* ruddiness, redness
* face, appearance, visage
* Pot marigold, calendula (Calendula officinalis)

##### Related terms

* rody
* ruddok
* ruden

##### Descendants

* English: rud
* Scots: rud, rudd

##### References

* “rōde, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-04.
* “rōde, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-04.

### Etymology 4

From Old English ġerād, rād.

#### Alternative forms

* rad

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɔːd/

#### Noun

rode (plural rodes)
* (rare) reckoning, judgement, account

##### References

* “rōde, n.(4).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-04.

### Etymology 5
#### Noun

rode (plural roddes)
* Alternative form of rodde (“rod”)

### Etymology 6

From Old English hreod.

#### Noun

rode (plural rodes)
* reed, a reedy place

##### Descendants

* English: Rhude
* English: Rudd

#### References

* Hanks, Patrick (2022) Dictionary of American Family Names, second edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, s.v. Rhode (no pagination)
* Hanks, Patrick (2022) Dictionary of American Family Names, second edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, s.v. Rudd (no pagination)

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology 1

From Old Norse roti m, from Middle Low German.

#### Noun

rode f (definite singular roda, indefinite plural roder, definite plural rodene)
* (military) soldiers standing in a specific relation to each other in specific formations

### Etymology 2

From Old Norse roða.

#### Alternative forms

* roda (a and split infinitives)

#### Verb

rode (present tense rodar, past tense roda, past participle roda, passive infinitive rodast, present participle rodande, imperative rode/rod)
* (intransitive) to shine reddish, to be red
* (transitive) to make red
* (by extension, archaic) to glaze baked goods (with raw egg yolk or milk or similar) before putting into oven

### References

* “rode” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈroː.de/

### Noun

rōde
* inflection of rōd:
** nominative plural
** accusative singular/plural
** genitive/dative singular

## Pennsylvania German
### Etymology

Compare German raten, Dutch raden, English read.

### Verb

rode
* to advise, to counsel
* to guess

## Plautdietsch
### Verb

rode
* to guess
* to advise, to suggest

## Portuguese
### Verb

rode
* inflection of rodar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Serbo-Croatian
### Noun

rode (Cyrillic spelling роде)
* vocative singular of rod

### Noun

rode (Cyrillic spelling роде)
* inflection of roda:
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative plural

### Verb

rode (Cyrillic spelling роде)
* third-person plural present of roditi

## Venetan
### Noun

rode
* plural of roda