# 開

| 開 | U+958B, &#38283; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958B |
| ← 閊 [U+958A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 閌 → [U+958C] |
| 開 | U+2F9EE, &#195054; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9EE |
| ← 𨯺 [U+2F9ED] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 䦕 → [U+2F9EF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

開 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一廿 (ANMT), four-corner 7744$_1$, composition ⿵門开(U+958B) or ⿵門幵(U+2F9EE))

#### Derived characters

* 鐦(锎), 𢵱, 𤡲, 𣛣(𬂻), 𣾺, 𥖆, 𦼠, 𥳐, 𨷑, 𩦓, 𫔦(𬮫), 𫙸, 𫫭, 𫯿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1331, character 5
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41233
* Dae Jaweon: page 1835, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4286, character 2
* Unihan data for U+958B
* Unihan data for U+2F9EE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 開 :
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 門 (“door”) + 一 (“latch and/or wooden pole that shuts a door”) + 廾 (“a pair of hands”) — a pair of hands opening a latched door. 一 and 廾 are combined into 开 since the Small Seal script; however, in the conservative variant 𨵑, the two hands and the latch are well visible.
Compare 闢. See also 關, in which the door is kept shut by two wooden poles.

### Etymology 1

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-k(w)a-j (“mouth; opening; spread; door; face; jaw”). Cognate with 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “door”), Tibetan ཁ (kha, “mouth”), Tibetan སྒོ (sgo, “door”).
The word is possibly a colloquial variant of 闓 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls) (Schuessler, 2007). Proto-Mien *kʰu̯ɔiᴬ (“to open”) (whence Iu Mien kʰɔi¹) and Thai ไข (kǎi) are Chinese loans (Ratliff, 2010).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): kāi (kai$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kai$^1$
    (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): kǎi
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): кэ (ke, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoi$^1$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): fi$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): hoi$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): kai$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khôi
    (Hailu, HRS): koi$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): koi$^1$
    (Changting, Changting Pinyin): hue$^1$ / kue$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): kai$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): kṳé
* Eastern Min (BUC): kŭi / kăi
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kui$^1$ / kai$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khui / khai
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kui$^1$ / kai$^1$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): kui$^1$ / kai$^1$
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): haai$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$khe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kai$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kai
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^1$
*** Yale: kāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kai
*** Palladius: кай (kaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: kai$^1$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kai
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰai⁵⁵/
** (Xi'an)
*** Guanzhong Pinyin: kǎi
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰæ²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: кэ (ke, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^1$
*** Yale: hōi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯⁵⁵/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: fi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fi²¹³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: hoi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hᵘɔi³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: kai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰai⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôi
*** Hakka Romanization System: koi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: koi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: koi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoi⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: koi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoɪ⁴⁴/
** (Changting)
*** Changting Pinyin: hue$^1$ / kue$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hue³³/, /kʰue³³/
* Changting:
** hue1 - vernacular;
** kue1 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: khoj
Rime :
| Character | 開 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦哀切 |
| Baxter | khoj |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰəi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəj/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɒi/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /kʰɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kāi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Nə-[k]ʰˤəj/, /*[k]ʰˤəj/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːl/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 開 | 開 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kāi | kāi |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khoj › | ‹ khoj › |
| Old Chinese | /*Nə-[k]ʰˁəj/ | /*[k]ʰˁəj/ |
| English | to open (v.i.) | to open (v.t.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 開 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7348 |
| Phonetic component | 開 |
| Rime group | 微 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 開 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰɯːl/ |

#### Definitions

開
* to open; to unlatch; to unfasten
       Wǒ kāi budào zhè shàn mén. [Pinyin]
       I can't open the door.
    商店開到八點。／商店开到八点。 ― Shāngdiàn kāi dào bā diǎn. ― The shop opens till eight o'clock.
* to start; to turn on; to switch on
    開電燈／开电灯 ― kāi diàndēng ― to switch the light on
    開電腦／开电脑 ― kāi diànnǎo ― to turn on the computer
* to make an opening; to open up
    開荒／开荒 ― kāihuāng ― to open up wasteland
    開運河／开运河 ― kāi yùnhé ― to dig a canal
    在牆上開個洞／在墙上开个洞 ― zài qiáng shàng kāi ge dòng ― to make a hole in the wall
* (of a flower) to open out; to bloom
    花開了。／花开了。 ― Huā kāi le. ― The flower is blooming.
* (of a frozen river) to thaw
* to split; to divide; to cut
    一開二／一开二 [Cantonese] ― jat$^1$ hoi$^1$ ji$^6$ [Jyutping] ― one split into two
* to begin; to start
    開工／开工 ― kāigōng ― to start working
    開學／开学 ― kāixué ― to start school
* to start; to set up; to open
    開間燒臘舖／开间烧腊铺 [Cantonese] ― hoi$^1$ gaan$^1$ siu$^1$ laap$^6$ pou$^{3-2}$ [Jyutping] ― to open a roasted meats shop
       Wǒ kāi le ge yínxíng zhànghù. [Pinyin]
       I opened a bank account.
* to remove (a ban or restriction)
    開禁／开禁 ― kāijìn ― to lift a ban
    開齋／开斋 ― kāizhāi ― to resume a meat diet
* to boil (bubble and turn to vapour)
    水開了沒有？／水开了没有？ ― Shuǐ kāi le méiyǒu? ― Has the water boiled?
* to write out (a prescription, check, invoice, etc.)
    開支票／开支票 ― kāi zhīpiào ― to write a check
       Wǒmen kāi le yī zhāng xuéshēng bìdú shūdān. [Pinyin]
       We made a list of required books for students.
       ji$^1$ sang$^1$ hoi$^1$ zo$^2$ di$^1$ kong$^3$ sang$^1$ sou$^3$ bei$^2$ ngo$^5$. [Jyutping]
       The doctor prescribed me some antibiotics.
* to book (a hotel room)
* to operate/run a business
    From: 粵音指南·上卷, 卷之一　應對須知
    hai$^6$ zou$^6$ muk$^6$ zoeng$^{6-2}$, zoi$^6$ cin$^4$ hoi$^1$ gwo$^3$ jat$^1$ gaan$^1$ sai$^3$ muk$^6$ pou$^{3-2}$, hau$^6$ loi$^4$ jik$^6$ gwaan$^1$ zo$^2$ lo$^3$, ji$^4$ gaa$^1$ zing$^6$ kaau$^3$ tung$^4$ jan$^4$ zou$^6$ gung$^1$ fu$^1$ lai$^4$ gwo$^3$ jat$^6$ zi$^2$, [Jyutping]
    He used to work as a woodworker; he had operated a small wood shop, and later closed it as well; currently he only relies on working for other people to make a living.
** 1905, T. B. Adam, An English-Chinese dictionary of the Foochow dialect:Apothecary, kŭi iŏh dáing gì nè̤ng.(開藥店其人 / 开药店其人, literally, "a person who runs a pharmacy")
* to hold (a meeting, exhibition, etc.)
    開會／开会 ― kāihuì ― to hold a meeting
    開party／开party [Cantonese] ― hoi$^1$ paa$^1$ ti$^4$ [Jyutping] ― to hold a party
* to pay
    開工資／开工资 ― kāi gōngzī ― to pay wages
* to operate; to drive (a vehicle)
    開車／开车 ― kāichē ― to drive a car
    開炮／开炮 ― kāipào ― to fire a cannon
       Chuánzhǎng bǎ chuán kāi dào duì'àn qù. [Pinyin]
       The captain sailed the boat to the opposite bank.
    火車已經開了。／火车已经开了。 ― Huǒchē yǐjīng kāi le. ― The train has already departed.
       hoi$^1$ gam$^3$ faai$^3$ zou$^6$ me$^1$ zek$^1$? [Jyutping]
       What's the point of driving so fast?
* (Cantonese) to make a liquid mixture
    開奶粉／开奶粉 [Cantonese] ― hoi$^1$ naai$^5$ fan$^2$ [Jyutping] ― to make milk from formula
* apart; away
    散開／散开 ― sànkāi ― to separate and strew; to scatter; to disperse
    走開／走开 ― zǒukāi ― to move out of the way
    坐開／坐开 [Cantonese] ― co$^5$ hoi$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to sit farther away
       m$^4$ hou$^2$ jau$^4$ gam$^3$ hoi$^1$. [Jyutping]
       Don't swim so far away.
* (informal) Short for 開除／开除 (kāichú, “to fire; to sack; to discharge; to dismiss”).
* (informal) to eat up
* (Cantonese, archaic) Progressive aspect particle, used to express that an event is/was in progress.
** 1866, 花波 [Mary Lucy French], transl., 《述史淺譯》 [Bible History for the Least and the Lowest]‎, volume 3, 雙門底福音堂, page 48:
       dim$^2$ sei$^2$ ne$^1$, keoi$^5$ jat$^1$ jat$^6$ hai$^2$ din$^3$ syu$^3$ baai$^3$ hoi$^1$ pou$^4$ saat$^3$, zai$^2$ jap$^6$ lei$^4$ saat$^3$ sei$^2$ keoi$^5$. [Jyutping]
       Soon after, when he [Sennacherib] was worshipping in the temple of his idol god, his sons rushed in, and smote him, and killed him. [original English] How did he [Sennacherib] die? One day, when he was worshipping his idol god in the temple, his sons came in and killed him. [literal English translation]
** 1899, 馬可福音中西字 [The Gospel according to St. Mark in English and Cantonese]‎, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, chapter 14, verse 18:
       keoi$^5$ dei$^6$ co$^5$ zoi$^6$ zik$^6$ soeng$^6$, sik$^6$ hoi$^1$ go$^3$ si$^4$, je$^4$ sou$^1$ waa$^6$, ngo$^5$ sat$^6$ zoi$^6$ waa$^6$ nei$^5$ zi$^1$, nei$^5$ dei$^6$ zi$^1$ zung$^1$, jau$^5$ jat$^1$ go$^3$ gung$^6$ ngo$^5$ tung$^4$ sik$^6$ ge$^3$, si$^6$ bit$^1$ maai$^6$ ngo$^5$ aa$^3$. [Jyutping]
       And as they sat and did eat [literally, were eating], Jesus said, Verily I say unto you, One of you which eateth with me shall betray me.
* (Cantonese) Inceptive and continuous aspect particle, used to express that an event has started and continues on for a while.
** 1954, 朱頂鶴, 陳雲, directed by 譚伯葉, 鄧轟, and 陳中堅, 好女十八嫁 [Eighteen Marriages of a Smart Girl], spoken by 阮母 (梁淑卿 [Leung Suk Hing]):
       jan$^4$ dei$^6$ uk$^1$ kei$^2$ jau$^5$ hoi$^1$ si$^6$ gaa$^3$, jan$^4$ dei$^6$ cou$^2$ nei$^5$ faan$^1$ heoi$^3$ hei$^1$ mong$^6$ cung$^1$ hei$^2$ gaa$^3$ zaa$^1$. [Jyutping]
       Their family has been having issues for a while; they're marrying you into the family in hopes of warding off ills.
* (Cantonese) Habitual aspect particle.
       nei$^5$ jau$^5$ mou$^5$ sik$^6$ hoi$^1$ di$^1$ mat$^1$ je$^5$ joek$^6$ gaa$^3$? [Jyutping]
       Are you taking any medications?
* (Cantonese) Converbal aspect particle used to express a condition or rationale.
       heoi$^3$ hoi$^1$ maai$^5$ sung$^3$, bong$^1$ ngo$^5$ maai$^5$ zeon$^1$ si$^6$ jau$^4$ aa$^1$. [Jyutping]
       When you go and do your groceries, buy a bottle of soy sauce for me.
* (Chinese phonetics) Short for 開口／开口 (kāikǒu, “open-mouthed”).
* (Hokkien) to spend (money)
* a surname

##### Synonyms

* (to open): 闢／辟 (pì)
* (to open out): 開放／开放 (kāifàng), 放 (fàng)
* (to eat up): 吃光 (chīguāng)

##### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to open, to turn on”): 關／关 (guān)
* (antonym(s) of “apart”):
** 過來／过来 (guòlái)
** (Cantonese) 埋 (maai4)

##### Compounds

* 不開 / 不开
* 不開交 / 不开交
* 不開眼 / 不开眼 (bùkāiyǎn)
* 丟開 / 丢开 (diūkāi)
* 丟開手 / 丢开手
* 伸開 / 伸开 (shēnkāi)
* 倒不開 / 倒不开
* 全開 / 全开
* 公開 / 公开 (gōngkāi)
* 公開信 / 公开信 (gōngkāixìn)
* 公開賽 / 公开赛 (gōngkāisài)
* 分開 / 分开 (fēnkāi)
* 剖開 / 剖开
* 劈開 / 劈开 (pīkāi)
* 勒開 / 勒开
* 半開化 / 半开化
* 半開眼 / 半开眼
* 半開門 / 半开门
* 召開 / 召开 (zhàokāi)
* 吃不開 / 吃不开 (chībukāi)
* 吃得開 / 吃得开 (chīdekāi)
* 大開 / 大开
* 天開眼 / 天开眼
* 尋開心 / 寻开心 (xúnkāixīn)
* 對開 / 对开 (duìkāi)
* 小開 / 小开 (xiǎokāi)
* 展開 / 展开 (zhǎnkāi)
* 岔開 / 岔开
* 張開 / 张开 (zhāngkāi)
* 性開放 / 性开放
* 想不開 / 想不开 (xiǎngbùkāi)
* 想得開 / 想得开 (xiǎngdekāi)
* 想開 / 想开 (xiǎngkāi)
* 截開 / 截开
* 打開 / 打开 (dǎkāi)
* 扭開 / 扭开
* 抖開 / 抖开
* 抹不開 / 抹不开
* 拉開 / 拉开 (lākai)
* 拆開 / 拆开 (chāikāi)
* 拋開 / 抛开 (pāokāi)
* 挪開 / 挪开 (nuókāi)
* 捅開 / 捅开
* 推開 / 推开
* 掀開 / 掀开 (xiānkāi)
* 掙開 / 挣开
* 掉開 / 掉开
* 掰開 / 掰开 (bāikāi)
* 揭開 / 揭开 (jiēkāi)
* 搬開 / 搬开 (bānkāi)
* 撇開 / 撇开 (piēkāi)
* 撂開 / 撂开
* 撂開手 / 撂开手
* 撕開 / 撕开
* 撬開 / 撬开 (qiàokāi)
* 撥開 / 拨开 (bōkāi)
* 撒開 / 撒开
* 撐開 / 撑开
* 擇不開 / 择不开
* 擘開 / 擘开 (bòkāi)
* 擰開 / 拧开
* 擺不開 / 摆不开
* 擺開 / 摆开 (bǎikāi)
* 攤開 / 摊开 (tānkāi)
* 支開 / 支开
* 放開 / 放开 (fàngkāi)
* 敞開 / 敞开 (chǎngkāi)
* 散開 / 散开 (sànkāi)
* 敞開兒 / 敞开儿
* 敲開 / 敲开 (qiāokāi)
* 明開 / 明开
* 易開罐 / 易开罐 (yìkāiguàn)
* 未開 / 未开 (wèikāi)
* 格開 / 格开
* 沒開交 / 没开交
* 洞開 / 洞开 (dòngkāi)
* 滾開 / 滚开 (gǔnkāi)
* 登開 / 登开
* 發開 / 发开
* 白開水 / 白开水 (báikāishuǐ)
* 盛開 / 盛开 (shèngkāi)
* 看得開 / 看得开
* 看開 / 看开 (kànkāi)
* 眉開 / 眉开
* 睜開 / 睁开
* 磨不開 / 磨不开
* 窮開心 / 穷开心
* 綽開 / 绰开
* 綻開 / 绽开 (zhànkāi)
* 翻開 / 翻开 (fānkāi)
* 老開 / 老开 (lǎokāi)
* 蘭開夏 / 兰开夏
* 行開 / 行开
* 裂開 / 裂开 (lièkāi)
* 解開 / 解开 (jiěkāi)
* 計開 / 计开
* 說開 / 说开 (shuōkāi)
* 調開 / 调开
* 談開 / 谈开
* 走不開 / 走不开
* 走得開 / 走得开
* 起開 / 起开
* 趕開 / 赶开
* 躲開 / 躲开 (duǒkai)
* 邁開 / 迈开 (màikāi)
* 避開 / 避开 (bìkāi)
* 鋪開 / 铺开
* 閃開 / 闪开 (shǎnkāi)
* 開OT / 开OT
* 開不開 / 开不开
* 開交 / 开交 (kāijiāo)
* 開仗 / 开仗 (kāizhàng)
* 開伙
* 開伯爾山口 / 开伯尔山口 (Kāibó'ěr Shānkǒu)
* 開例 / 开例
* 開倒車 / 开倒车 (kāidàochē)
* 開價 / 开价 (kāijià)
* 開價兒 / 开价儿
* 開元 / 开元 (kāiyuán)
* 開元禮 / 开元礼
* 開元錄 / 开元录
* 開光 / 开光 (kāiguāng)
* 開先例 / 开先例
* 開具 / 开具 (kāijù)
* 開冬 / 开冬
* 開凍 / 开冻 (kāidòng)
* 開刀 / 开刀 (kāidāo)
* 開刃 / 开刃 (kāirèn)
* 開刃兒 / 开刃儿
* 開列 / 开列 (kāiliè)
* 開初 / 开初 (kāichū)
* 開創 / 开创 (kāichuàng)
* 開動 / 开动 (kāidòng)
* 開化 / 开化 (kāihuà)
* 開化史 / 开化史
* 開印 / 开印
* 開卷 / 开卷 (kāijuàn)
* 開卷考 / 开卷考
* 開取 / 开取
* 開口 / 开口 (kāikǒu)
* 開口呼 / 开口呼 (kāikǒuhū)
* 開口子 / 开口子
* 開口笑 / 开口笑 (kāikǒuxiào)
* 開口跳 / 开口跳
* 開口閉口 / 开口闭口 (kāikǒubìkǒu)
* 開司米 / 开司米 (kāisīmǐ)
* 開呵 / 开呵
* 開單 / 开单
* 開喪 / 开丧
* 開嗙 / 开嗙
* 開國 / 开国 (kāiguó)
* 開園 / 开园 (kāiyuán)
* 開地 / 开地
* 開坊 / 开坊
* 開堂 / 开堂
* 開基 / 开基 (kāijī)
* 開場 / 开场 (kāichǎng)
* 開場白 / 开场白 (kāichǎngbái)
* 開塞利 / 开塞利
* 開墒 / 开墒 (kāishāng)
* 開墾 / 开垦 (kāikěn)
* 開士 / 开士 (kāishì)
* 開外 / 开外 (kāiwài)
* 開夜車 / 开夜车 (kāiyèchē)
* 開天窗 / 开天窗 (kāitiānchuāng)
* 開天闢地 / 开天辟地 (kāitiānpìdì)
* 開始 / 开始 (kāishǐ)
* 開姆尼茨 / 开姆尼茨
* 開學 / 开学 (kāixué)
* 開宗明義 / 开宗明义 (kāizōngmíngyì)
* 開審 / 开审
* 開封 / 开封 (kāifēng)
* 開導 / 开导 (kāidǎo)
* 開小差 / 开小差 (kāi xiǎochāi)
* 開小差兒 / 开小差儿
* 開局 / 开局 (kāijú)
* 開尾韻 / 开尾韵
* 開屏 / 开屏 (kāipíng)
* 開展 / 开展 (kāizhǎn)
* 開山 / 开山 (kāishān)
* 開山刀 / 开山刀 (kāishāndāo)
* 開山斧 / 开山斧
* 開山機 / 开山机
* 開山祖師 / 开山祖师
* 開山門 / 开山门
* 開州 / 开州 (Kāizhōu, “Kaizhou”)
* 開工 / 开工 (kāigōng)
* 開差 / 开差
* 開市 / 开市 (kāishì)
* 開席 / 开席
* 開帳 / 开帐
* 開幕 / 开幕 (kāimù)
* 開幕式 / 开幕式 (kāimùshì)
* 開幫 / 开帮
* 開平 / 开平 (Kāipíng)
* 開平方 / 开平方
* 開平盤 / 开平盘
* 開年 / 开年 (kāinián)
* 開店 / 开店 (kāidiàn)
* 開庭 / 开庭 (kāitíng)
* 開廟 / 开庙
* 開弓 / 开弓 (kāigōng)
* 開弔 / 开吊 (kāidiào)
* 開弦弓 / 开弦弓 (Kāixiángōng)
* 開張 / 开张 (kāizhāng)
* 開征
* 開往 / 开往
* 開後門 / 开后门
* 開後門兒 / 开后门儿
* 開復 / 开复 (kāifù)
* 開徵 / 开征 (kāizhēng)
* 開心 / 开心 (kāixīn)
* 開心丸兒 / 开心丸儿
* 開心斧 / 开心斧
* 開心果 / 开心果 (kāixīnguǒ)
* 開快車 / 开快车
* 開恩 / 开恩 (kāi'ēn)
* 開悟 / 开悟 (kāiwù)
* 開懷 / 开怀 (kāihuái)
* 開懷兒 / 开怀儿
* 開戒 / 开戒
* 開戰 / 开战 (kāizhàn)
* 開戲 / 开戏
* 開戶 / 开户 (kāihù)
* 開房間 / 开房间 (kāi fángjiān)
* 開手 / 开手
* 開手錢 / 开手钱
* 開打 / 开打 (kāidǎ)
* 開拔 / 开拔
* 開拓 / 开拓 (kāituò)
* 開拍 / 开拍 (kāipāi)
* 開挖 / 开挖 (kāiwā)
* 開排 / 开排
* 開掘 / 开掘 (kāijué)
* 開採 / 开采 (kāicǎi)
* 開播 / 开播 (kāibō)
* 開支 / 开支 (kāizhī)
* 開放 / 开放 (kāifàng)
* 開放型 / 开放型
* 開敏 / 开敏
* 開啟 / 开启 (kāiqǐ)
* 開敞地 / 开敞地
* 開數 / 开数
* 開新板 / 开新板
* 開方 / 开方 (kāifāng)
* 開明 / 开明 (kāimíng)
* 開映 / 开映
* 開春 / 开春 (kāichūn)
* 開春兒 / 开春儿
* 開晴 / 开晴
* 開普敦 / 开普敦 (Kāipǔdūn)
* 開暢 / 开畅
* 開曠 / 开旷 (kāikuàng)
* 開會 / 开会 (kāihuì)
* 開朗 / 开朗 (kāilǎng)
* 開本 / 开本 (kāiběn)
* 開板 / 开板
* 開板兒 / 开板儿
* 開架 / 开架 (kāijià)
* 開業 / 开业 (kāiyè)
* 開槍 / 开枪 (kāiqiāng)
* 開槓 / 开杠 (kāigàng)
* 開標 / 开标 (kāibiāo)
* 開機 / 开机 (kāijī)
* 開歲 / 开岁
* 開氣兒 / 开气儿
* 開水 / 开水 (kāishuǐ)
* 開江 / 开江
* 開汽水 / 开汽水 (kāi qìshuǐ)
* 開河 / 开河 (kāihé)
* 開泰 / 开泰
* 開洋 / 开洋 (kāiyáng)
* 開洋葷 / 开洋荤
* 開消 / 开消
* 開涮 / 开涮 (kāishuàn)
* 開溜 / 开溜 (kāiliū)
* 開源 / 开源 (kāiyuán)
* 開源節流 / 开源节流 (kāiyuánjiéliú)
* 開演 / 开演 (kāiyǎn)
* 開濟 / 开济
* 開濬 / 开濬
* 開火 / 开火 (kāihuǒ)
* 開火兒 / 开火儿
* 開炮 / 开炮
* 開爐 / 开炉 (kāilú)
* 開片 / 开片 (kāipiàn)
* 開犁 / 开犁 (kāilí)
* 開獎 / 开奖 (kāijiǎng)
* 開玩笑 / 开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
* 開班 / 开班 (kāibān)
* 開球 / 开球 (kāiqiú)
* 開瓢兒 / 开瓢儿
* 開瓶費 / 开瓶费
* 開疆 / 开疆 (kāijiāng)
* 開發 / 开发 (kāifā)
* 開發井 / 开发井
* 開發區 / 开发区 (kāifāqū)
* 開發商 / 开发商 (kāifāshāng)
* 開盤 / 开盘 (kāipán)
* 開盤價 / 开盘价
* 開盤子 / 开盘子
* 開眼 / 开眼 (kāiyǎn)
* 開眼界 / 开眼界
* 開砲 / 开炮
* 開碼頭 / 开码头
* 開礦 / 开矿 (kāikuàng)
* 開示 / 开示 (kāishì)
* 開票 / 开票 (kāipiào)
* 開禁 / 开禁 (kāijìn)
* 開私門 / 开私门
* 開秋 / 开秋
* 開科 / 开科
* 開秤 / 开秤
* 開竅 / 开窍 (kāiqiào)
* 開竅兒 / 开窍儿
* 開立 / 开立
* 開立方 / 开立方
* 開端 / 开端 (kāiduān)
* 開第 / 开第
* 開筆 / 开笔 (kāibǐ)
* 開筵 / 开筵
* 開篇 / 开篇 (kāipiān)
* 開紅燈 / 开红灯
* 開紅盤 / 开红盘
* 開素 / 开素
* 開綻 / 开绽
* 開綠燈 / 开绿灯 (kāi lǜdēng)
* 開編 / 开编
* 開線 / 开线
* 開縫 / 开缝
* 開缺 / 开缺
* 開罐器 / 开罐器 (kāiguànqì)
* 開罪 / 开罪 (kāizuì)
* 開罵 / 开骂 (kāimà)
* 開羅 / 开罗 (Kāiluó)
* 開考 / 开考 (kāikǎo)
* 開胃 / 开胃 (kāiwèi)
* 開脫 / 开脱 (kāituō)
* 開腔 / 开腔 (kāiqiāng)
* 開膛 / 开膛 (kāitáng)
* 開膠 / 开胶 (kāijiāo)
* 開臉 / 开脸
* 開臺 / 开台 (kāitái)
* 開臺鑼鼓 / 開台鑼鼓 / 开台锣鼓 (kāitáiluógǔ)
* 開臺 / 開台 / 开台 (kāitái)
* 開航 / 开航 (kāiháng)
* 開船 / 开船 (kāichuán)
* 開花 / 开花 (kāihuā)
* 開花兒 / 开花儿
* 開花帳 / 开花帐
* 開花期 / 开花期
* 開花豆 / 开花豆
* 開花豆兒 / 开花豆儿
* 開荒 / 开荒 (kāihuāng)
* 開荒劍 / 开荒剑
* 開葷 / 开荤 (kāihūn)
* 開落 / 开落
* 開蒙 / 开蒙
* 開藥方 / 开药方
* 開行 / 开行
* 開衫 / 开衫 (kāishān)
* 開衩 / 开衩 (kāichà)
* 開衩兒 / 开衩儿
* 開衫兒 / 开衫儿
* 開裂 / 开裂 (kāiliè)
* 開裾 / 开裾 (khui-ki) (Min Nan)
* 開襟 / 开襟
* 開襠褲 / 开裆裤 (kāidāngkù)
* 開解 / 开解
* 開言 / 开言 (kāiyán)
* 開訓 / 开训
* 開設 / 开设 (kāishè)
* 開診 / 开诊
* 開話 / 开话
* 開誠布公 / 开诚布公 (kāichéngbùgōng)
* 開誠相見 / 开诚相见
* 開課 / 开课 (kāikè)
* 開講 / 开讲 (kāijiǎng)
* 開議 / 开议 (kāiyì)
* 開豁 / 开豁
* 開賀 / 开贺
* 開賬 / 开账
* 開賽 / 开赛
* 開赴 / 开赴 (kāifù)
* 開路 / 开路 (kāilù)
* 開路神 / 开路神
* 開車 / 开车 (kāichē)
* 開辦 / 开办 (kāibàn)
* 開辦費 / 开办费
* 開通 / 开通
* 開進 / 开进
* 開運 / 开运
* 開道 / 开道 (kāidào)
* 開過眼 / 开过眼
* 開酒 / 开酒
* 開釋 / 开释 (kāishì)
* 開金 / 开金 (kāijīn)
* 開鋤 / 开锄
* 開銷 / 开销 (kāixiāo)
* 開鍋 / 开锅 (kāiguō)
* 開鏡 / 开镜
* 開鐮 / 开镰
* 開鑼 / 开锣 (kāiluó)
* 開鑿 / 开凿 (kāizáo)
* 開門 / 开门 (kāimén)
* 開門揖盜 / 开门揖盗 (kāiményīdào)
* 開門砲 / 开门炮
* 開門紅 / 开门红 (kāiménhóng)
* 開門見山 / 开门见山 (kāiménjiànshān)
* 開門錢 / 开门钱
* 開間 / 开间
* 開閘 / 开闸
* 開闊 / 开阔 (kāikuò)
* 開闊地 / 开阔地
* 開闔 / 开阖
* 開關 / 开关 (kāiguān)
* 開闢 / 开辟 (kāipì)
* 開除 / 开除 (kāichú)
* 開陽 / 开阳 (Kāiyáng)
* 開霽 / 开霁
* 開靜 / 开静
* 開面 / 开面
* 開靨 / 开靥
* 開革 / 开革
* 開領 / 开领
* 開頭 / 开头 (kāitóu)
* 開頭兒 / 开头儿 (kāitóur)
* 開頭炮 / 开头炮
* 開顏 / 开颜
* 開風 / 开风
* 開風氣 / 开风气
* 開飯 / 开饭 (kāifàn)
* 開飲機 / 开饮机
* 開館 / 开馆 (kāiguǎn)
* 開首 / 开首 (kāishǒu)
* 開鬨 / 开哄
* 開麥拉 / 开麦拉 (kāimàilā)
* 開齋 / 开斋 (kāizhāi)
* 開齋節 / 开斋节 (Kāizhāijié)
* 隔開 / 隔开 (gékāi)
* 離不開 / 离不开 (líbùkāi)
* 離開 / 离开 (líkāi)
* 頓開 / 顿开
* 飄開 / 飘开
* 鬆開 / 松开 (sōngkāi)

##### Descendants

* → Japanese: 開(かい) (kai)
* → Vietnamese: khai (開)
Others:
* → Lao: ໄຂ (khai, “open”)
* → Thai: ไข (kǎi, “open”)
* → Vietnamese: khơi
* → Zhuang: hai (“open”)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from English K (“karat”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kāi (kai$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ke$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kă̤
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kai
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^1$
*** Yale: kāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kai
*** Palladius: кай (kaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ke$^1$
*** Yale: kē
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ke$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ké$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛː⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kă̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɛ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
*** Tâi-lô: khe
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qef
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰe⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/

#### Definitions

開
* karat (measure of gold purity)

#### Compounds

* 開金 / 开金 (kāijīn)

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kāi (kai$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kāi
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kai
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^1$
*** Yale: kāi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kai
*** Palladius: кай (kaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

#### Definitions

開
* (physics) Short for 開爾文／开尔文 (kāi'ěrwén, “kelvin”).

### Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

#### Definitions

開
* (dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) Perfective aspect particle.
** (Can we date this quote?), “海南鷄飯”, 张少林 [Chong Sau Lin] (lyrics), 伍佰 [Wu Bai] (music)‎performed by 张少林 [Chong Sau Lin]:
       After eating it, everyone would come to applaud

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 矣$_1$ |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 了 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 了 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 了 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 了 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 了 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 了 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 了 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 了 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 了 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 嘮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 咧 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 了 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 了 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 咧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 了 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 了 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 了 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 了 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 了 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 了 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 了 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 咗, 嘵 obsolete |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 耗 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 咗, 敲 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 哺 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 誒, 咗 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 誒 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 誒 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 誒 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 敲 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 後, 咗 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 標 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 都 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 嗮 |
| Cantonese | Nanning (Tanka) | 嗮 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 啊 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 了 |
| Cantonese | Guiping | 畢 |
| Cantonese | Guiping (Mule) | 開, 了 |
| Cantonese | Pingnan | 開 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Gangcheng) | 開 |
| Cantonese | Guigang (Pingdong) | 開, 了 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 了 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 了 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 了 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 了, 咗 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 了, 咗 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Ipoh (Guangfu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 咗 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 了, 咗 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 了 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 了 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 了 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 拋, 阿 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 開 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 開 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 開 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 哩 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 了 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 開 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 開 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 了 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 了 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 咾 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 咾 |
| Jiuxing Yumin | Lanxi | 了 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 了 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 了, 𡅏 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 了 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 了 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 囉 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 了 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 了 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 了 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 了 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 仔, 了 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 仔 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 仔 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 得, 了 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 得, 了 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 仔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 爻 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 了 |

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* open

#### Readings

* Go-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)、け (ke)
* Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
* Kun: ひらく (hiraku, 開く, Jōyō)、ひらける (hirakeru, 開ける, Jōyō)、あける (akeru, 開ける, Jōyō)、あく (aku, 開く, Jōyō)
* Nanori: さく (saku)、はる (haru)、はるき (haruki)、ひら (hira)、ひらかす (hirakasu)、ひらき (hiraki)、ひらく (hiraku)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to open”): 閉

#### Derived terms

* 開く
* 開ける

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 開
* かい Grade: 3
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 開 (MC khoj).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ka̠i]

### Affix

開(かい) • (kai)
* open
* start; beginning

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 開 (MC khoj). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡ (koy) (Yale: koy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 開 (eumhun 열 개 (yeol gae))
* hanja form of 개 (“open”)

#### Compounds

* 개강 (開講, gaegang)
* 개관 (開館, gaegwan)
* 개교 (開校, gaegyo)
* 개국 (開國, gaeguk)
* 개막 (開幕, gaemak)
* 개발 (開發, gaebal)
* 개방 (開放, gaebang)
* 개봉 (開封, gaebong)
* 개설 (開設, gaeseol)
* 개성 (開城, Gaeseong)
* 개시 (開始, gaesi)
* 개업 (開業, gaeeop)
* 개장 (開場, gaejang)
* 개척 (開拓, gaecheok)
* 개최 (開催, gaechoe)
* 개통 (開通, gaetong)
* 개폐 (開閉, gaepye)
* 개표 (開票, gaepyo)
* 개학 (開學, gaehak)
* 개항 (開港, gaehang)
* 개화 (開化, gaehwa)
* 개회 (開會, gaehoe)
* 공개 (公開, gonggae)
* 재개 (再開, jaegae)
* 전개 (展開, jeon'gae)
* 절개 (切開, jeolgae)
* 타개 (打開, tagae)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

開: Hán Việt readings: khai
開: Nôm readings: khơi, khui
* (literary) chữ Hán form of khai (“to open, to start, to begin”).
* chữ Nôm form of khui (“to open, to pry open”).

### References

* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* ↑ Bonet (1899).
* ↑ Génibrel (1898).
* 1 2 Hồ (1976).