# summa
## English
### Etymology

From Latin summa.

### Noun

summa (plural summas or summae)
* A comprehensive summary of, or treatise on a subject, especially theology or philosophy.
* (figuratively) A culmination or archetypal example.
** 1987, Svetlana Alpers, “The Mapping Impulse in Dutch Art”, in David Woodward, editor, Art and Cartography: Six Historical Essays, page 57:In size, scope, and graphic ambition [the map] is a summa of the mapping art of the day, represented in paint by Vermeer.
** 1993, Franca Falletti, The David and the Accademia Gallery, page 6:The painting is a “summa” of the various trends that intertwined and developed during those crucial years of the early sixteenth century in Florence.
** 1999, Eric Nash, Manhattan Skyscrapers, page 93:Rockefeller Center is at once a summa of the Art Deco style, and a look ahead to the Internationalist style that dominated after World War II.

#### Related terms

* summa cum laude

### Anagrams

* Mumas, maums, ummas

## Estonian
### Etymology

From Latin summa.

### Noun

summa (genitive summa, partitive summat)
* sum

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “summa”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
* “summa”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
* “summa”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
* summa in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

## Finnish
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin summa, probably through Swedish summa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsumːɑ/, [ˈs̠umːɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -umːɑ
* Hyphenation: sum‧ma

### Noun

summa
* sum (result of addition)
* (in particular) sum, amount (especially of money)
    Synonyms: rahasumma, potti
* (mathematics, uncommon) addition
    Synonyms: yhteenlasku, pluslasku, summaus

#### Declension

Possessive forms of summa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
summani
summani
accusative
nom.
summani
summani
gen.
summani
genitive
summani
summieni summaini $^{rare}$
partitive
summaani
summiani
inessive
summassani
summissani
elative
summastani
summistani
illative
summaani
summiini
adessive
summallani
summillani
ablative
summaltani
summiltani
allative
summalleni
summilleni
essive
summanani
summinani
translative
summakseni
summikseni
abessive
summattani
summittani
instructive
comitative
—summineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
summasi
summasi
accusative
nom.
summasi
summasi
gen.
summasi
genitive
summasi
summiesi summaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
summaasi
summiasi
inessive
summassasi
summissasi
elative
summastasi
summistasi
illative
summaasi
summiisi
adessive
summallasi
summillasi
ablative
summaltasi
summiltasi
allative
summallesi
summillesi
essive
summanasi
summinasi
translative
summaksesi
summiksesi
abessive
summattasi
summittasi
instructive
comitative
—summinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
summamme
summamme
accusative
nom.
summamme
summamme
gen.
summamme
genitive
summamme
summiemme summaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
summaamme
summiamme
inessive
summassamme
summissamme
elative
summastamme
summistamme
illative
summaamme
summiimme
adessive
summallamme
summillamme
ablative
summaltamme
summiltamme
allative
summallemme
summillemme
essive
summanamme
summinamme
translative
summaksemme
summiksemme
abessive
summattamme
summittamme
instructive
comitative
—summinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
summanne
summanne
accusative
nom.
summanne
summanne
gen.
summanne
genitive
summanne
summienne summainne $^{rare}$
partitive
summaanne
summianne
inessive
summassanne
summissanne
elative
summastanne
summistanne
illative
summaanne
summiinne
adessive
summallanne
summillanne
ablative
summaltanne
summiltanne
allative
summallenne
summillenne
essive
summananne
summinanne
translative
summaksenne
summiksenne
abessive
summattanne
summittanne
instructive
comitative
—summinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
summansa
summansa
accusative
nom.
summansa
summansa
gen.
summansa
genitive
summansa
summiensa summainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
summaansa
summiaan summiansa
inessive
summassaan summassansa
summissaan summissansa
elative
summastaan summastansa
summistaan summistansa
illative
summaansa
summiinsa
adessive
summallaan summallansa
summillaan summillansa
ablative
summaltaan summaltansa
summiltaan summiltansa
allative
summalleen summallensa
summilleen summillensa
essive
summanaan summanansa
summinaan summinansa
translative
summakseen summaksensa
summikseen summiksensa
abessive
summattaan summattansa
summittaan summittansa
instructive
comitative
—summineen summinensa :

#### Derived terms

* -summainen
* summaton
* summittain
* summata
* summautua
* alasumma
* arviosumma
* bruttosumma
* jakosumma
* jättisumma
* kokonaissumma
* korvaussumma
* könttisumma
* könttäsumma
* lisäsumma
* loppusumma
* lunastussumma
* lämpösumma
* maksusumma
* neliösumma
* nollasummapeli
* osasumma
* palkintosumma
* rahasumma
* sadesumma
* siirtosumma
* summamuoto
* summamutikassa
* tilasumma
* urakkasumma
* vakuutussumma
* vedonlyöntisumma
* vekselisumma
* velkasumma
* veloitussumma
* voittosumma
* välisumma
* yhteissumma
* osiensa summa

### Further reading

* “summa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

### Anagrams

* ammus, sammu, samum

## Icelandic
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin summa (“sum, summary, total”).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ʏmːa

### Noun

summa f (genitive singular summu, nominative plural summur)
* (arithmetic) a sum; (a quantity obtained by addition or aggregation)

#### Derived terms

* bein summa (“direct sum”)
* dálksamtala (“column total”)
* dálksumma (“column total”)
* deilasumma (“divisor sum”)
* dulritunargátsumma (“cryptographic checksum”)
* dulritunarprófsumma (“cryptographic checksum”)
* ferningasumma (“sum of squares”)
* ferningssumma frávika (“deviance”)
* gátsumma (“checksum”)
* heildarsumma (“grand total, total, total sum”)
* hjátrefjasumma (“cofibred sum”)
* hlutsumma (“partial sum”)
* hornasumma (“angle sum”)
* liðun í beina summu (“direct decomposition”)
* línusamtala (“row total”)
* línusumma (“row total”)
* lokasumma (“total, total sum”)
* núllsummuleikur (“zero-sum game”)
* prófsumma (“checksum”)
* summuaðferð (“method of summation”)
* summuferill (“ogive”)
* summumyndum (“summation”)
* summumyndunaraðferð (“method of summation”)
* summustúfur (“partial sum”)
* summutákn (“summation sign”)
* trefjasumma (“cofibred sum”)
* tvíveldasumma (“sum of squares”)
* tætisumma (“hash total”)
* undirsumma (“lower sum”)
* vigursumma (“resultant vector, vectorial sum”)
* víxlmerkjasumma (“alternating sum”)
* yfirsumma (“upper sum”)
* þversumma (“digit sum, transverse sum”)

## Ingrian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Russian сумма (summa).

### Pronunciation

* (Ala-Laukaa) IPA: /ˈsumːɑ/, [ˈs̠umː]
* (Soikkola) IPA: /ˈsumːɑ/, [ˈʃumːɑ]
* Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
* Hyphenation: sum‧ma

### Noun

summa
* sum, amount
* (arithmetic) sum (result of an addition)
** 1937, N. S. Popova, translated by Mihailov and D. I. Efimov, Arifmetiikan oppikirja alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 8:Cislaa 132 kutsutaa summaks, a cisloja 38, 36, 32 ja 26 — lisättäviks.The number 132 is called the sum, and the numbers 38, 36, 32 and 26 are called the summands.

#### Derived terms

* suursummain

### References

* Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 550

## Latin
### Etymology 1

From summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

#### Pronunciation

* summa: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
* summa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]
* summā: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsum.maː/, [ˈs̠ʊmːäː]
* summā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

#### Noun

summa f (genitive summae); first declension
* top, summit, highest point or place
* the principal or main thing
* (also mathematics) sum, summary, total
* (Medieval Latin) the quarter, an English unit of weight and volume equal to ¼ ton or tun or 8 bushels
** c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:Saccus lane debet ponderare viginti & octo petras & solebat ponderare unam summam frumentiA sack of wool ought to weigh twenty & eight stone & is accustomed to weigh one quarter of wheat.

##### Declension

First-declension noun.

##### Derived terms

* ad summam
* summa summārum
* summālis
* summare
* summārium
* summās
* summātim
* summātus

##### Related terms

* superus

##### Descendants

* Balkano-Romance:
** Aromanian: sumã
** Old Romanian: sumă, somă
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: somma
** Sicilian: suma
* Rhaeto-Romance:
** Friulian: sume
* Ibero-Romance:
** Old Galician-Portuguese: soma
*** Galician: soma
*** Portuguese: soma
** Spanish: soma
* Borrowings:
** → Albanian: shumë
** → Catalan: suma
** → English: summa
** → Esperanto: sumo
** → German: Summe, Summa (archaic)
** → Irish: suim
** → Old French: somme, summe, sume
*** French: somme, ⇒ sommé
*** → Middle English: summe
**** English: sum
** → Old Polish: suma (learned)
*** Polish: suma
*** Silesian: suma
*** → Romanian: sumă
** → Russian: су́мма (súmma)
** → Spanish: suma

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* summa: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
* summa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]
* summā: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsum.maː/, [ˈs̠ʊmːäː]
* summā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

#### Adjective

summa
* inflection of summus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

#### Adjective

summā
* ablative feminine singular of summus

### Etymology 3

From summum (“highest place”), from summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

#### Noun

summa
* nominative/accusative/vocative plural of summum

### References

* “summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* "summa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* summa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to live to a very great age: ad summam senectutem pervenire to be reduced to (abject) poverty: ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi to attain to the highest eminence: ad summam auctoritatem pervenire to become famous, distinguish oneself: gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire to dwell only on the main points: res summas attingere to be plunged into the depths of despair: ad (summam) desperationem pervenire, adduci (B. C. 2. 42) to rouse a person's expectation, curiosity to the highest pitch: aliquem in summam exspectationem adducere (Tusc. 1. 17. 39) to compute the total of anything: summam facere alicuius rei to elevate to the highest dignity: aliquem ad summam dignitatem perducere (B. G. 7. 39) to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui to be commander-in-chief: imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28) to be commander-in-chief: imperii summae praeesse to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam (ambiguous) the surface of the water: summa aqua (ambiguous) in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme (ambiguous) to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar: in summa egestate or mendicitate esse (ambiguous) to be bound by the closest ties of friendship: artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: dignitas est summa in aliquo (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: summa dignitate praeditum esse (ambiguous) to praise, extol, commend a person: (maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid (ambiguous) to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence: summa gloria florere (ambiguous) ideal perfection: absolutio et perfectio (not summa perfectio) (ambiguous) the learned men are most unanimous in..: summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio) (ambiguous) to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly): deum rite (summa religione) colere (ambiguous) to stand in very intimate relations to some one: summa necessitudine aliquem contingere (ambiguous) to be in severe pecuniary straits: in summa difficultate nummaria versari (Verr. 2. 28. 69) (ambiguous) the welfare of the state: summa res publica (or summa rei publicae) (ambiguous) to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria) (ambiguous) the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7) (ambiguous) deep peace: summa pax

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* summet

### Verb

summa
* inflection of summe:
** simple past
** past participle

## Polish
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin summa.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsum.ma/
* Rhymes: -umma
* Syllabification: sum‧ma

### Noun

summa f
* (historical) summa (medieval didactics literary genre written in Latin, born during the 12th century, and popularized in 13th century Europe)
* summa (comprehensive summary of, or treatise on a subject, especially theology or philosophy)
    Synonym: podsumowanie
* summa (culmination or archetypal example)

#### Declension
### Further reading

* summa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
* summa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
* summa in PWN's encyclopedia

## Swedish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin summa.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

summa c
* sum, result of addition
* amount of money

#### Derived terms

* borgenssumma
* bötessumma
* engångssumma
* fantasisumma
* försäkringssumma
* försäljningssumma
* garantisumma
* huvudsumma
* hyressumma
* inköpssumma
* jättesumma
* klumpsumma
* köpesumma
* lånesumma
* lönesumma
* lösensumma
* lösesumma
* penningsumma
* poängsumma
* prissumma
* rekordsumma
* slutsumma
* småsumma
* stipendiesumma
* struntsumma
* summa summarum
* summakolumn
* totalsumma
* transfersumma
* tvärsumma
* utgiftssumma
* vinkelsumma
* vinstsumma
* övergångssumma

### Further reading

* summa in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
* summa in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

### Anagrams

* mumsa