# 狀

| 狀 | U+72C0, &#29376; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72C0 |
| ← 犿 [U+72BF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 狁 → [U+72C1] |
| 狀 | U+F9FA, &#63994; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FA |
| ← 粒 [U+F9F9] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 炙 → [U+F9FB] |

## Translingual
### Han character

狀 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女一戈大 (VMIK), four-corner 3313$_4$, composition ⿰爿犬)

#### Derived characters

* 𣶍, 𣈚, 𥇺, 𨡧, 𦲚, 𡘾

#### Descendants

* 状

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 707, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20280
* Dae Jaweon: page 1119, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1334, character 3
* Unihan data for U+72C0
* Unihan data for U+F9FA

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 臧 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 牂 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 戕 | *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ |
| 贓 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 藏 | *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs |
| 奘 | *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs |
| 臟 | *zaːŋs |
| 將 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs |
| 漿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 鱂 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 蔣 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 螿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 槳 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 獎 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 醬 | *ʔsaŋs |
| 鏘 | *sʰaŋ |
| 蹡 | *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs |
| 嶈 | *sʰaŋ |
| 斨 | *sʰaŋ |
| 爿 | *braːn, *zaŋ |
| 牆 | *zaŋ |
| 妝 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 莊 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 裝 | *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs |
| 壯 | *ʔsraŋs |
| 疒 | *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ |
| 床 | *zraŋ |
| 牀 | *zraŋ |
| 狀 | *zraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zraŋs): phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 犬.

### Etymology

Compare perhaps Burmese ဆင်း (hcang:, “form, appearance”) (Luce, 1981).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): zhuàng (zhuang$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zuang$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zong$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhong
    (Hailu, HRS): cong$^˖$
* Jin (Wiktionary): zuon$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): cōng
* Eastern Min (BUC): cê̤ng / cáung
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zorng$^5$ / zing$^5$ / zung$^5$ / zng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chōng / chiōng / chn̄g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zuang$^6$ / zeng$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàng
*** Wade–Giles: chuang$^4$
*** Yale: jwàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
*** Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: zuang$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zuong
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suaŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zong$^6$
*** Yale: johng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zuon$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suɒ̃⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cōng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cê̤ng / cáung
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔyŋ²⁴²/, /t͡sɑuŋ²¹³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zorng$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cō̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɒŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou, Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zing$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siŋ²¹/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zung$^5$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cn̄g
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡suŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: zng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sŋ̍²¹/
* zorng5 - literary;
* zing5 - vernacular (狀元);
* zung5/zng5 - vernacular.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit狀 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡suɑŋ⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂuaŋ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂuaŋ³¹²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /p͡faŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /ʈ͡ʂuɔ̃²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /p͡fɑ̃¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡suaŋ³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡suaŋ¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡suaŋ²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂuã̠¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂuɑ̃⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡suɒ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡suɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡suɑ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zɑ̃²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /zɑ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡zz̩ʷɑŋ¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /d͡ʑyɔ²²/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡so³²⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡sʰau¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕyan⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕyan¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sɔn⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɔŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sɔŋ²²/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sɔŋ²²/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sɔŋ²²/ /t͡sŋ̍²²/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sɔyŋ²⁴²/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/ 告～ /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/ 形～ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡suaŋ³⁵/ /t͡sɯŋ³¹/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /tuaŋ²³/ /to²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzrjangH
Rime :
| Character | 狀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 鋤亮切 |
| Baxter | dzrjangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhuàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zong$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]raŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zraŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 狀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhuàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzrjang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[dz]raŋ-s/ |
| English | form, appearance |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 狀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10312 |
| Phonetic component | 爿 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*zraŋs/ |

### Definitions

狀
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) form; appearance; state
** 1046 October 17, 范仲淹 (Fan Zhongyan), 岳陽樓記:
       Yǔ guān fū bālíng shèng zhuàng, zài dòngtíng yī hú. [Pinyin]
       I look at the best state of Baling, at the Dongting Lake.
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) shape
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) certificate
    獎狀／奖状 ― jiǎngzhuàng ― certificate
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to describe

### Compounds

* 下狀 / 下状
* 不可名狀 / 不可名状 (bùkěmíngzhuàng)
* 不可狀 / 不可状
* 不堪言狀 / 不堪言状
* 中狀元 / 中状元
* 井柱狀圖 / 井柱状图
* 任命狀 / 任命状
* 伏狀 / 伏状
* 供狀 / 供状 (gòngzhuàng)
* 信任狀 / 信任状
* 保狀 / 保状 (bǎozhuàng)
* 信用狀 / 信用状 (xìnyòngzhuàng)
* 保護狀制 / 保护状制
* 具狀 / 具状
* 冠狀動脈 / 冠状动脉
* 凹狀 / 凹状
* 凸狀 / 凸状
* 出狀況 / 出状况
* 出言無狀 / 出言无状
* 勒狀 / 勒状
* 千態萬狀 / 千态万状
* 千狀萬態 / 千状万态
* 千狀萬端 / 千状万端
* 千變萬狀 / 千变万状
* 原狀 / 原状 (yuánzhuàng)
* 名狀 / 名状 (míngzhuàng)
* 告御狀 / 告御状 (gào yùzhuàng)
* 告狀 / 告状 (gàozhuàng)
* 告狀本 / 告状本
* 告陰狀 / 告阴状
* 回狀 / 回状
* 報狀 / 报状
* 壺狀花冠 / 壶状花冠
* 大會狀 / 大会状
* 奇形怪狀 / 奇形怪状 (qíxíngguàizhuàng)
* 妖形怪狀 / 妖形怪状
* 委任狀 / 委任状
* 安於現狀 / 安于现状 (ānyúxiànzhuàng)
* 對狀 / 对状
* 島狀丘陵 / 岛状丘陵
* 巔峰狀態 / 巅峰状态
* 帶狀 / 带状 (dàizhuàng)
* 帶狀疱疹 / 带状疱疹 (dàizhuàng pàozhěn)
* 形狀 / 形状 (xíngzhuàng)
* 得意之狀 / 得意之状
* 御狀 / 御状 (yùzhuàng)
* 徵狀 / 征状
* 怪狀 / 怪状
* 性狀 / 性状 (xìngzhuàng)
* 情狀 / 情状 (qíngzhuàng)
* 慘狀 / 惨状 (cǎnzhuàng)
* 憨狀可掬 / 憨状可掬
* 所有權狀 / 所有权状
* 房狀 / 房状
* 打通狀 / 打通状
* 投名狀 / 投名状
* 招狀 / 招状
* 掌狀脈 / 掌状脉
* 掌狀複葉 / 掌状复叶
* 插狀 / 插状
* 摹狀 / 摹状
* 文狀 / 文状
* 斑狀齒 / 斑状齿
* 星芒狀 / 星芒状
* 晶狀體 / 晶状体 (jīngzhuàngtǐ)
* 棒狀桿菌 / 棒状杆菌 (bàngzhuàng gǎnjūn)
* 款狀 / 款状
* 死狀 / 死状 (sǐzhuàng)
* 殊形妙狀 / 殊形妙状
* 殊形怪狀 / 殊形怪状
* 殊形詭狀 / 殊形诡状
* 水狀液 / 水状液
* 波狀熱 / 波状热 (bōzhuàngrè)
* 無狀 / 无状
* 牒狀 / 牒状
* 狀元 / 状元
* 狀元及第 / 状元及第
* 狀元籌 / 状元筹
* 狀元紅 / 状元红
* 狀元餅 / 状元饼
* 狀子 / 状子 (zhuàngzi)
* 狀師 / 状师 (zhuàngshī)
* 狀態 / 状态 (zhuàngtài)
* 狀態詞 / 状态词 (zhuàngtàicí)
* 狀本兒 / 状本儿
* 狀況 / 状况 (zhuàngkuàng)
* 狀紙 / 状纸 (zhuàngzhǐ)
* 狀聲詞 / 状声词 (zhuàngshēngcí)
* 狀詞 / 状词
* 狀語 / 状语 (zhuàngyǔ)
* 狀貌 / 状貌 (zhuàngmào)
* 狀頭 / 状头
* 狼狽萬狀 / 狼狈万状
* 獎狀 / 奖状 (jiǎngzhuàng)
* 獻狀 / 献状
* 玻璃狀態 / 玻璃状态
* 現狀 / 现状 (xiànzhuàng)
* 球狀星團 / 球状星团 (qiúzhuàng xīngtuán)
* 環狀剝皮 / 环状剥皮
* 環狀軟骨 / 环状软骨 (huánzhuàng ruǎngǔ)
* 申狀 / 申状
* 甲狀腺 / 甲状腺 (jiǎzhuàngxiàn)
* 甲狀腺素 / 甲状腺素 (jiǎzhuàngxiànsù)
* 甲狀腺腫 / 甲状腺肿 (jiǎzhuàngxiànzhǒng)
* 甲狀軟骨 / 甲状软骨 (jiǎzhuàng ruǎngǔ)
* 異狀 / 异状
* 畫伏狀 / 画伏状
* 病患狀 / 病患状
* 病狀 / 病状 (bìngzhuàng)
* 症狀 / 症状 (zhèngzhuàng)
* 癥狀 / 症状 (zhēngzhuàng)
* 盾狀 / 盾状 (dùnzhuàng)
* 睫狀肌 / 睫状肌 (jiézhuàngjī)
* 萬狀 / 万状 (wànzhuàng)
* 穗狀花序 / 穗状花序
* 窮形極狀 / 穷形极状
* 結狀 / 结状
* 緊急狀態 / 紧急状态 (jǐnjí zhuàngtài)
* 網狀系統 / 网状系统
* 網狀脈 / 网状脉
* 總狀花序 / 总状花序
* 罪狀 / 罪状 (zuìzhuàng)
* 羽狀脈 / 羽状脉
* 羽狀複葉 / 羽状复叶
* 膠著狀態 / 胶著状态
* 自供狀 / 自供状 (zìgòngzhuàng)
* 舌狀花 / 舌状花
* 莫可名狀 / 莫可名状
* 葉狀植物 / 叶状植物
* 葉狀體 / 叶状体
* 蕈狀雲 / 蕈状云
* 螺旋狀 / 螺旋状
* 蟹狀星雲 / 蟹状星云
* 行狀 / 行状 (xíngzhuàng)
* 褒狀 / 褒状
* 言狀 / 言状
* 詞狀 / 词状
* 訴狀 / 诉状 (sùzhuàng)
* 詭形怪狀 / 诡形怪状
* 詭形殊狀 / 诡形殊状
* 詭狀異形 / 诡状异形
* 貪濁有狀 / 贪浊有状
* 軍令狀 / 军令状 (jūnlìngzhuàng)
* 輻狀花冠 / 辐状花冠
* 門狀 / 门状
* 關門狀 / 关门状
* 陳狀 / 陈状
* 陰狀 / 阴状
* 難以名狀 / 难以名状
* 難為狀 / 难为状
* 飽和狀態 / 饱和状态
* 首狀 / 首状
* 黑驢告狀 / 黑驴告状

### References

* “狀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 状 |
| Kyūjitai | 狀 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* Kyūjitai form of 状

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): じょう (jō)
* Kun: かたち (katachi, 狀)

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 狀 (MC dzrjangH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 싸ᇰ〮 (Yale: ssáng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 상 (sang)$^訓$ (Yale: sang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [sʰa̠ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [상]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 狀 (eumhun 형상(形狀) 상)
* hanja form of 상 (“form; appearance; state”)
* hanja form of 상 (“shape”)

#### Compounds

* 갑상선 (甲狀腺, gapsangseon)
* 상태 (狀態, sangtae, “state”)
* 상황 (狀況, sanghwang, “situation”)
* 실상 (實狀, silsang)
* 원상 (原狀, wonsang)
* 정상 (情狀, jeongsang)
* 죄상 (罪狀, joesang)
* 증상 (症狀, jeungsang)
* 참상 (慘狀, chamsang)
* 현상 (現狀, hyeonsang)
* 형상 (形狀, hyeongsang)
* 흉상 (凶狀/兇狀, hyungsang)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 狀 (MC dzrjangH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 자ᇰ〯 (cǎng)$^訓$ (Yale: cǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋ]
* Phonetic hangul: [장(ː)]
** Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

#### Hanja

狀 (eumhun 문서 장 (munseo jang))
* hanja form of 장 (“document; certificate”)

#### Compounds

* 답장 (答狀, dapjang)
* 상장 (賞狀, sangjang)
* 송장 (送狀, songjang)
* 영장 (令狀, yeongjang)
* 장원 (狀元, jang'won)
* 행장 (行狀, haengjang)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

狀: Hán Nôm readings: trạng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.