# 伶俐
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): línglì
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ling$^4$ lei$^6$
    (Dongguan, Jyutping++): ngoeng$^4$ ngai$^{4-2}$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): làng-li
    (Hailu, HRS): lang li$^˖$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): lang$^2$ li$^4$
* Northern Min (KCR): lâi-lī
* Eastern Min (BUC): lìng-*lê
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lêng-lī / léng-lī
* Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): ling$^4$ li$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: línglì
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: línglì
*** Wade–Giles: ling$^2$-li$^4$
*** Yale: líng-lì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linglih
*** Palladius: линли (linli)
*** Sinological IPA : /liŋ³⁵ li⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ling$^4$ lei$^6$
*** Yale: lìhng leih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ling$^4$ lei$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ling$^4$ léi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɪŋ²¹ lei̯²²/
** (Dongguan, Guancheng)
*** Jyutping++: ngoeng$^4$ ngai$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋøŋ²¹ ŋɐi²¹⁻³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: làng-li
*** Hakka Romanization System: lang$^ˇ$ li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lang$^2$ li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /laŋ¹¹ li⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: lang li$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /laŋ⁵⁵ li³³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: lang$^2$ li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /laŋ¹¹ li⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâi-lī
*** Sinological IPA : /lai³³ li⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: lìng-*lê
*** Sinological IPA : /l̃iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng-lī
*** Tâi-lô: lîng-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lengli
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³⁻³³ li³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³⁻²² li²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: léng-lī
*** Tâi-lô: líng-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lefngli
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li³³/
* Southern Pinghua
** (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
*** Jyutping++: ling$^4$ li$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɪŋ²¹ li³³/

### Adjective

伶俐
* clever; bright; smart
* (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, dialectal Gan, Northern Min, Central Min, Shaojiang Min, Hunan Tuhua) clean
* (Hokkien) agile; nimble; dexterous

#### Synonyms

* (clever):
* 乖巧 (guāiqiǎo)
* 了了 (liǎoliǎo) (literary)
* 儇 (Wu, of a child)
* 奢遮 (Wu, of a child)
* 宿鬼 (Hokkien)
* 性靈 / 性灵 (xìnglíng) (literary)
* 敏慧 (mǐnhuì)
* 明慧 (mínghuì)
* 明智 (míngzhì)
* 機敏 / 机敏 (jīmǐn)
* 機智 / 机智 (jīzhì)
* 機穎 / 机颖 (literary)
* 機警 / 机警 (jījǐng)
* 機靈 / 机灵
* 活絡 / 活络 (Wu)
* 睿智 (ruìzhì)
* 穎異 / 颖异 (yǐngyì) (formal)
* 精濟 / 精济 (Hokkien, of a child)
* 精靈 / 精灵 (jīnglíng)
* 精齊 / 精齐 (Hokkien, of a child)
* 聰慧 / 聪慧 (cōnghuì)
* 聰敏 / 聪敏 (cōngmǐn)
* 聰明 / 聪明 (cōngmíng)
* 聰穎 / 聪颖 (cōngyǐng) (formal)
* 英明 (yīngmíng)
* 調皮 / 调皮 (tiáopí)
* 靈 / 灵 (líng)
* 靈光 / 灵光 ($^6$lin-kuaon) (Wu)
* 鬼 (guǐ) (informal)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 聰明 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 聰明 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 聰明 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 靈, 靈醒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 精靈, 聰明 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 聰明 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 聰明 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 聰明 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 聰明 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 聰明, 叻, 參 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 叻 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 伶俐, 叻 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 精, 扮𠮨 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 聰明, 精, 叻, 醒目, 扮𠮨 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 精靈, 聰明 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 聰明, 機靈 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 聰明, 精 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 聰明, 精 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 聰明 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 將 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 機靈, 聰明 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 聰明 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 聰明, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 聰明, 骨, 骨鳥 derogatory, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 聰明, 伶俐 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 聰明, 巧, 明白 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 聰明, 𠢕, 勥, 醒目, 巧 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 巧, 勥, 𠢕 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 聰明 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 精 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 精 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 聰明 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 聰明 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 靈, 聰明 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 靈泛, 聰明 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 聰明 |
* (clean):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 乾淨, 清潔, 潔淨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 乾淨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 乾淨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 乾淨 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 乾淨 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 乾淨 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 乾淨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 乾淨 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 乾淨, 寧馨 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 乾淨, 清爽 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 乾淨, 清亮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 乾淨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 乾淨 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 伶俐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 伶俐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 乾淨 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 乾淨, 虔誠 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 淨, 伶俐 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 乾淨 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 乾淨 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 淨, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 淨俐, 伶俐 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 伶俐 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 乾淨 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 伶俐 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 伶俐 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 澈潔, 澈 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 澈 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 澈 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 清氣 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 澈, 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 澈潔 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 澈, 澈潔, 清氣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 清氣 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 澈潔, 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 清氣 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 澈, 澈潔 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 澈, 澈潔 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 澈氣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 澈 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 澈, 澈潔, 清氣, 清靠 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 澈, 清靠 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 澈潔, 清氣 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 澈, 澈潔, 清靠 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 澈潔, 清氣, 清靠 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 澈潔, 清靠, 清氣 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 澈潔, 清氣, 清靠 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 清氣 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 清氣 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 伶俐 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 伶俐 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 清爽 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 清爽, 乾淨 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 了滯, 清水, 光生 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 乾淨 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 乾淨, 料俏 |
* (agile):
* 便利 (biànlì) (literary)
* 便捷 (biànjié)
* 利索 (lìsuo) (colloquial)
* 利落 (lìluo)
* 快手 (faai$^3$ sau$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 手快 (shǒukuài)
* 敏捷 (mǐnjié)
* 機動 / 机动 (jīdòng)
* 粗殘 / 粗残 (chŭ-chàng) (Eastern Min)
* 緊手 / 紧手 (Hokkien)
* 緊跤捷手 / 紧跤捷手 (Hokkien)
* 輕快 / 轻快 (qīngkuài)
* 靈便 / 灵便 (língbiàn)
* 靈利 / 灵利 (línglì) (literary)
* 靈巧 / 灵巧 (língqiǎo)
* 靈敏 / 灵敏 (língmǐn)
* 靈活 / 灵活 (línghuó)
* 麻利 (málì) (colloquial)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “clever”): 笨拙 (bènzhuō)

#### Derived terms

* 不伶俐
* 伶伶俐俐
* 伶俐乖覺 / 伶俐乖觉
* 伶俐人
* 伶俐嘴乖
* 伶俐聰敏 / 伶俐聪敏
* 口齒伶俐 / 口齿伶俐
* 急伶俐
* 聰明伶俐 / 聪明伶俐 (cōngmínglínglì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 伶 | 俐 |
| れい Jinmeiyō | り Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spellings
* 怜悧 伶利

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) れーり [réꜜèrì] (Atamadaka –)
* (Kyoto) れーり [rèérí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾe̞ːɾʲi]

### Adjective

伶(れい)俐(り) • (reiri) -na (adnominal 伶(れい)俐(り)な (reiri na), adverbial 伶(れい)俐(り)に (reiri ni))
* shrewd, clever, intelligent, smart

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 伶俐だろ | れいりだろ | reiri daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 伶俐で | れいりで | reiri de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 伶俐だ | れいりだ | reiri da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 伶俐な | れいりな | reiri na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 伶俐なら | れいりなら | reiri nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 伶俐であれ | れいりであれ | reiri de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 伶俐ではない 伶俐じゃない | れいりではない れいりじゃない | reiri de wa nai reiri ja nai |
| Informal past | 伶俐だった | れいりだった | reiri datta |
| Informal negative past | 伶俐ではなかった 伶俐じゃなかった | れいりではなかった れいりじゃなかった | reiri de wa nakatta reiri ja nakatta |
| Formal | 伶俐です | れいりです | reiri desu |
| Formal negative | 伶俐ではありません 伶俐じゃありません | れいりではありません れいりじゃありません | reiri de wa arimasen reiri ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 伶俐でした | れいりでした | reiri deshita |
| Formal negative past | 伶俐ではありませんでした 伶俐じゃありませんでした | れいりではありませんでした れいりじゃありませんでした | reiri de wa arimasen deshita reiri ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 伶俐で | れいりで | reiri de |
| Conditional | 伶俐なら（ば） | れいりなら（ば） | reiri nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 伶俐だったら | れいりだったら | reiri dattara |
| Volitional | 伶俐だろう | れいりだろう | reiri darō |
| Adverbial | 伶俐に | れいりに | reiri ni |
| Degree | 伶俐さ | れいりさ | reirisa |

#### Synonyms

* 賢(かしこ)い (kashikoi): clever
* 賢(さか)しい (sakashii): shrewd, clever

### Noun

伶(れい)俐(り) • (reiri)
* shrewdness, intelligence

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 “伶俐”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here