# قرق
## Old Anatolian Turkish
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kïrk.

#### Alternative forms

* قرخ (qırḫ)

#### Numeral

قِرْقْ (qırq)
* forty

##### Derived terms

* قرق ایاقلو (qırq ayaqlu, “tick”)
* قرق بایر (qırq bayır, “a part of animal stomach”)
* قرق بوداق (qırq budaq, “a big candlestick”)

##### Descendants

* Azerbaijani: qırx
* Gagauz: kırk
* Ottoman Turkish: قرق (kırk), قیرق (kırk)
** Turkish: kırk

#### Further reading

* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kırk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Kanar, Mehmet (2018) “kırk”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 438

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *karak (“eye, pupil”).

#### Alternative forms

* قاراق (qaraq), قراق (qaraq)

#### Noun

قرق (qaraq) (definite accusative قرغی (qaraġı), plural قرقلر (qaraqlar))
* pupil
* gaze
    Synonym: باخش (baḫış)

##### Related terms

* قره (qara, “black”)

#### Further reading

* Kanar, Mehmet (2018) “karak”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 408
* “karak”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977

### Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *karak (“pillager”)

#### Noun

قرق (qaraq) (definite accusative قرغی (qaraġı), plural قرقلر (qaraqlar))
* thief

##### Related terms

* قرقچی (qaraqçı, “pillager”)

##### Descendants

* Turkish: (dialectal) karak

## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* قیرق (kırk)

### Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish قرق (qırq), from Proto-Turkic *kïrk (“forty”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰃𐰺𐰴 (qir¹q), Azerbaijani qırx, Bashkir ҡырҡ (qırq), Chuvash хӗрӗх (hĕrĕh), Kazakh қырық (qyryq), Kyrgyz кырк (kırk), Turkmen kyrk, Uyghur قىرىق (qiriq) and Uzbek qirq.

### Numeral

قرق • (kırk)
* forty, fourty, the cardinal number occurring after thirty-nine and before forty-one
    Synonyms: اربعون (erbeʼun), چهل (çihil) — literary
* (figuratively) many, numerous, an indeterminate term for a considerable quantity

#### Derived terms

* قرق آیاق (kırk ayak, “centipede; millipede”)
* قرق انبار (kırk ambar, “dealer in marine stores”)
* قرق بایر (kırk bayır, “manyplies, omasum”)
* قرق بیك (kırk biñ, “forty thousand; many”)
* قرق كلید (kırk kilid, “horsetail”)
* قرق كچید (kırk geçid, “a very winding river”)
* قرق نردبان (kırk nerdiban, “very steep ascend”)
* قرق چشمه (kırk çeşme, “system of public fountains in Istanbul”)
* قرقر (kırkar, “forty each”)
* قرقلاتمق (kırklatmak, “to cause or allow to become forty”)
* قرقلامق (kırklamak, “to make (a thing) forty”)
* قرقلر (kırklar, “the Forty Saints”)
* قرقلق (kırklık, “coin of forty piastres”)
* قرقنجی (kırkıncı, “fortieth”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: kırk

### Further reading

* Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “قرق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 508
* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kırk2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2623
* Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قرق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 361b
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قرق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 954
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Quadraginta”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1415
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قرق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3672
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kırk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قرق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1446