# ben
## Translingual
### Symbol

ben
* (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Bengali.

## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛn/
* (pin–pen merger) IPA: /bɪn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Audio (General Australian):(file)
* Homophones: Ben; been (some accents); bin (pin–pen merger)
* Rhymes: -ɛn, -ɪn

### Etymology 1

From Middle English ben, bene, from Old English bēn (“prayer, request, favor, compulsory service”), from Proto-Germanic *bōniz (“supplication”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). Related to ban. More at boon.

#### Alternative forms

* bene

#### Noun

ben (plural bens)
* (obsolete) A prayer; a petition.

### Etymology 2

From Middle English ben, bene, variation of bin, binne (“within”), from Old English binnan (“within, in, inside of, into”), equivalent to be- +‎ in.

#### Preposition

ben
* (Scotland, Northern England) In, into.
** 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 32:And he was waving to me to creep in, so I just did and then just to skip ben the front and then in the lobby.

#### Adverb

ben (not comparable)
* (Scotland, Northern England) Inside.

#### Adjective

ben (comparative benner, superlative benmost)
* Inner, interior.

##### Derived terms

* ben-end, ben-room

#### Noun

ben (plural bens)
* (Scotland, Northern England) The inner room of a two-room cottage (as opposed to the but); the ben room.
** 1972, George Mackay Brown, Greenvoe, Polygon, published 2019, page 25:Bert Kerston was awakened by a steady tap on the ben window.

##### Derived terms

* but and ben

##### References

* The Dictionary of the Scots Language

### Etymology 3

From Middle English been, from Old French and Medieval Latin, probably from a North African pronunciation of Arabic بَان (bān, “ben tree”).

#### Noun

ben (plural bens)
* A tree, Moringa oleifera or horseradish tree of Arabia and India, which produces oil of ben.
* The winged seed of the ben tree.
* The oil of the ben seed.

##### Synonyms

* (tree): drumstick tree, horseradish tree, moringa

##### Derived terms

* ben-nut
* ben oil

##### Translations
### Etymology 4

From Arabic بِن (bin) and Hebrew בן (ben, “son”).

#### Alternative forms

* Ben
* bin (Arabic)

#### Noun

ben (uncountable)
* (usually capitalized) Son of (used with Hebrew and Arabic surnames).

##### Derived terms

* Nickie-ben

##### Translations
### Etymology 5

Borrowed from Scots ben, benn, from Scottish Gaelic beinn.

#### Noun

ben (plural bens)
* A Scottish or Irish mountain or high peak.

##### Derived terms

* Ben Lomond
* Ben More
* Ben Nevis
* Ben Venue

### Etymology 6

c. 16th century. Probably from Latin bene or Italian bene.

#### Adjective

ben (comparative benar, superlative benat)
* (obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) Alternative spelling of bene; good.
** 1611, Thomas Middleton, The Roaring Girle‎:A gage of ben Rom-bouse, / In a bousing-ken of Rom-vile, / Is benar than a Caster, / Pecke, pennam, lay, or popler, / Which we mill in deuse a vile.[paraphrase] A pot of good wine, / In a pub of London, / Is better than a cloak, / Meat, bread, milk, or porridge, / Which we steal in the countryside.

##### Derived terms

* ben-cull
* ben mort
* fidlam ben

### Etymology 7

Shortening.

#### Noun

ben (plural bens)
* (UK, theater, slang, obsolete) A benefit (performance to raise funds).
** year?, The Catholic Literary Circular (page 75)
    In the Chronicles of the Stage, some curious particulars are given relating to Sir Henry Herbert and the well-known Sir William Davidson, by which we learn, amongst other things, that a “ben” or benefit at Drury Lane, two centuries ago, was worth a hundred pounds.

##### References

* John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary

### Etymology 8
#### Noun

ben (plural bens)
* (Ireland) Alternative form of bin

##### References

* J. J. Hogan and Patrick C. O'Neill (1947) “A NORTH-COUNTY DUBLIN GLOSSARY”, in Béaloideas‎, volume 17, number 1/2, An Cumann Le Béaloideas Eireann/Folklore of lreland Society, page 264

### See also

* ben-joltram
* ben-shie

### Anagrams

* EbN, NEB, NbE, Neb., neb

## Amele
### Adjective

ben
* big

### Noun

ben
* a big thing

### References

* Pavol Štekauer, Salvador Valera, Lívia Kőrtvélyessy, Word-Formation in the World's Languages: A Typological Survey (2012)

## Berbice Creole Dutch
### Noun

ben
* bean

### References

* Silvia Kouwenberg, Berbice Dutch Glossed Texts (2013)

## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈben]
* Rhymes: -en

### Adverb

ben
* Alternative form of bé
    Porteu un vestit ben bonic. ― Wear a very pretty dress.
    Demà al matí ben d'hora m'aixeco i viatjo a Milan. ― Tomorrow morning quite early I'll get up and travel to Milan.

#### Usage notes

* The form ben is used when it precedes the adjective, adverb or verb form that it modifies, and bé is used in all other cases.

## Cimbrian
### Alternative forms

* bénne (Sette Comuni)

### Etymology

From Middle High German wenne, wanne, from Old High German hwenne, hwanne, from Proto-West Germanic *hwannā, from *hwan, from Proto-Germanic *hwan (“when”). Cognate with German wenn, wann, English when. Doublet of benn (adverb), from the same Middle High German source.

### Conjunction

ben
* (Luserna) when
    Khåntamar khön ben 'z tüata offe di pinakotèk? ― Can you tell me when the art gallery opens?

### References

* “ben” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

## Cornish
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *bon, from Proto-Celtic *bonus (see Breton Ben-, Welsh bôn). Found as pen in the placename Pentewan.

#### Noun

ben m (plural benyow)
* base, foot
* (of a tree) trunk, stump

### Etymology 2

Same source as benyn. Cognate with English queen, among others.

#### Noun

ben f
* woman

##### Usage notes

* Only found in the expression hy ben and its derivatives.

##### Derived terms

* hy ben (“the other, another”)
* an eyl hy ben (“one another, mutual”)

##### See also

* kila (masculine equivalent)

### Mutation
## Corsican
### Etymology

From bè (“well”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɛn/

### Noun

ben m
* deceased

### Adverb

ben
* Alternative form of bè

### References

* https://infcor.adecec.net/

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse bein (“bone, leg”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą, cognate with English bone, German Bein.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /beːˀn/, [ˈb̥eˀn]

### Noun

ben n (singular definite benet, plural indefinite ben)
* leg (a limb of a human or an animal used for walking; also, by analogy, the legs of a desk or a chair)
    Synonym: pusselanke (childish; joking)
* bone (any part of the skeleton)
* sinecure (a position that requires little to no work but still gives an ample payment; a cushy job.)

#### Declension
### References

* “ben” in Den Danske Ordbog

## Domari
### Etymology

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀩𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀻 (bahiṇī), from Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī). Cognate with Hindi बहन (bahan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ben̪/, /bɛn̪/

### Noun

ben f
* sister

### References

* Matras, Yaron (2012) A Grammar of Domari (Mouton Grammar Library)‎, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 65

## Dutch
### Etymology

From Middle Dutch bim, from Proto-Germanic *beuną.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛn
* IPA: /bɛn/

### Verb

ben
* inflection of zijn:
** first-person singular present indicative
** (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
** imperative

#### Usage notes

Ben, as an imperative, is considered non-standard, the standard form being wees.

#### Synonyms

* (imperative) wees

#### Descendants

* Skepi Creole Dutch: ben

### References

* Taaladvies.net on ‘wees’ or ‘ben’

## Faroese
### Etymology

From Old Norse ben, from Proto-Germanic *banjō.

### Noun

ben n (genitive singular bens, plural ben)
* wound

#### Declension
### Noun

ben f (genitive singular benjar, plural benjar)
* wound

#### Derived terms

* benjardøgg
* benjarkolvur

## Fingallian
### Etymology

From Middle English bynne, from Old English binne, from Proto-West Germanic *binnu.

### Noun

ben
* bin

### References

* J. J. Hogan and Patrick C. O'Neill (1947) “A NORTH-COUNTY DUBLIN GLOSSARY”, in Béaloideas‎, volume 17, number 1/2, An Cumann Le Béaloideas Eireann/Folklore of lreland Society, page 264

## French
### Etymology 1

Alternative form of bien

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛ̃/
* Rhymes: -ɛ̃

#### Interjection

ben
* (informal) Well; uh
    Synonym: bah

##### Derived terms

* ben voyons

### Etymology 2

Clipping of bénard.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛn/

#### Noun

ben m (plural bens)
* (slang) pants, trousers

### Further reading

* “ben”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Friulian
### Etymology

From Latin bene.

### Adverb

ben
* well
* properly, nicely

#### Antonyms

* mâl

### Noun

ben
* good

#### Related terms

* bon

## Galician
### Alternative forms

* bem (reintegrationist)

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ben, from Latin bene.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɛŋ/ [ˈbɛŋ]
* Rhymes: -ɛŋ
* Hyphenation: ben

### Noun

ben m (plural bens)
* benefit; welfare
    Synonym: beneficio
* (in the plural) goods
* good (the forces that are the enemy of evil)
    Antonym: mal

#### Related terms

* bo

### Adverb

ben
* well
    Antonym: mal
    Ben feito! ― Well done!
* very; a lot; enough
    Eche un rapaz ben espilido! ― He's a very smart young man!
** 1473, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 29:cando se ganou dos mouros a grande batalla da figeira en donde tamen perdin e me mataron o cabalo e eu sahin ben librado enpero ben ferido de hua saetada enno braço dereito que non a vin curada fasta pasados ben tres meseswhen the great Battle of the Figtree was won to the Moors, where I also lost —and they killed— my horse and I got out safe but badly injured of an arrow shot in the right arm, wound that I saw not cured until more than three months later
* (followed by de or a contraction of de) a lot (of)
    Bótalle ben de zucre, sen medo! ― Add a lot of sugar, don't be shy!
* plus, or more, upwards
** c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 174:Et durou a guerra dessa uez ontre elles bem dous ãnos, fazendosse todauia muyto mal os hũus aos outros, de guisa que, ante que sse aquella contenda fijnse, morrerõ y muytosAnd the war between them lasted that time for two years plus, making in every way a lot of harm the ones to the others, in wise that, before that conflict had ended, many died there

#### Related terms

* bo

### References

* “ben”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ben”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ben”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “ben”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Interlingua
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian bene, French bien, Spanish bien and Portuguese bem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ben/

### Adverb

ben (comparative melio, superlative le melio)
* well

#### Derived terms

* ben que

## Istriot
### Etymology

From Latin bene.

### Adverb

ben
* well

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbɛn/
* Hyphenation: bèn

### Adverb

ben (apocopated)
* Apocopic form of bene
    ben fatto ― well done

#### Derived terms

* ben altro

## Japanese
### Romanization

ben
* Rōmaji transcription of べん

## Kabuverdianu
### Etymology

From Portuguese vir.

### Verb

ben
* to come

## Ladin
### Etymology

From Latin bene.

### Adverb

ben (comparative miec)
* well
* properly

### Noun

ben m (plural bens)
* (especially in the plural) goods, property

## Lombard
### Etymology

Akin to Italian bene, from Latin.

### Adverb

ben
* well

## Mandarin
### Romanization

ben
* Nonstandard spelling of bēn.
* Nonstandard spelling of běn.
* Nonstandard spelling of bèn.

#### Usage notes

* Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

## Manx
### Etymology

From Old Irish ben, from Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ben/, [bɛᵈn]

### Noun

ben f (genitive singular mreih, plural mraane)
* woman

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### References

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ben”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

## Middle English
### Verb

ben
* Alternative form of been

### References

* “bēn” listed in the Middle English Dictionary [2001]

## Northern Kurdish
### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ɛn

### Noun

ben ?
* string, rope

#### Derived terms

* benik
* benk

#### Related terms

* bend
* benî

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Danish ben, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

### Noun

ben n (definite singular benet, indefinite plural ben, definite plural bena or benene)
* a leg
* a bone

#### Alternative forms

* bein

#### Derived terms

* haleben
* menneskeben

### References

* “ben” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

## Occitan
### Etymology

From Old Occitan ben, from Latin bene.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adverb

ben
* well

#### Derived terms

* benlèu

### Noun

ben m (plural bens)
* good, possession

## Old Dutch
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bainą.

### Noun

bēn n
* leg
* bone

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: bêen
** Dutch: been
*** Afrikaans: been
*** Berbice Creole Dutch: been
*** Jersey Dutch: beîn
*** Negerhollands: been
*** → Lokono: bèna
** Limburgish: bein

#### Further reading

* “bēn”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

## Old English
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *bōniz. Cognate with Old Norse bón.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /beːn/

#### Noun

bēn f (nominative plural bēne or bēna)
* prayer, praying
* request, entreaty
* boon
** late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
    Bide nu æt gode þæt ic grecisc cunne. Þa cwæþ se biscop him to, þu bæde ofer mine mæðe ac uton swa þeah biddan þas bena æt gode.Pray now to God that I may know Greek. Pray now to God that I may know Greek. Then said the Bishop to him, 'Thou hast asked beyond my power, but let us, nevertheless, ask this boon of God.'

##### Declension

Strong i-stem:

##### Descendants

* Middle English: ben, bene
** English: ben, bene
*** ⇒ English: bee
** ⇒ Scots: been-hook, been-plough

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *banjō. Cognate with Old Norse ben.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ben/

#### Noun

ben f
* Alternative form of benn

## Old French
### Adverb

ben
* (Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of bien

## Old Frisian
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą. Cognates include Old English bān, Old Saxon bēn and Old Dutch bēn.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbeːn/, [ˈbɛːn]

### Noun

bēn n
* bone
* leg

#### Descendants

* North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: bian
    Goesharde: biin
    Halligen: bian
    Heligoland: Bean
    Mooring: biinj
    Sylt: Biin
    Wiedingharde: biin
* Saterland Frisian: Been
* West Frisian: bien

#### References

* Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

## Old Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bʲen/

### Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

#### Noun

ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)
* woman
    Synonyms: banscál, bé, frac
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 31$^c$7
    arna érbarthar, “Ó chretsit, nín·tá airli ar mban”lest it be said, “Since they believed, we do not have management (?) of our women”
* wife
    Synonym: séitig
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22$^c$10
    Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.

##### Inflection

* $^H$ = triggers aspiration
* $^L$ = triggers lenition
* $^N$ = triggers nasalization

##### Derived terms

* ban-

##### Descendants

* Middle Irish: ben
** Irish: bean
** Manx: ben
** Scottish Gaelic: bean
* ⇒ Middle Irish: benagán

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

·ben
* third-person singular present indicative conjunct of benaid

#### Verb

ben
* second-person singular imperative of benaid

### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ben”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 291, page 184; reprinted 2017

## Old Norse
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *banjō.

### Noun

ben f (genitive benjar, plural benjar)
* mortal wound
* small bleeding wound
ben n
* wound

#### Related terms

* bani m (“bane”)
* benja (“to wound mortally”)

### Further reading

* Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “ben”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

## Old Occitan
### Etymology

From Latin bene.

### Adjective

ben
* well

#### Descendants

* Occitan: ben

### References

* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “bene”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 1: A–B, page 322

## Old Saxon
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bain.

### Noun

bēn n
* bone

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: bên
** Low German: Been, Bein
** Plautdietsch: Been

## Old Swedish
### Alternative forms

* ᛒᚽᚿ (Runic)

### Etymology

From Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /beːn/

### Noun

bēn n
* bone
* leg

#### Descendants

* Swedish: ben

## Scots
### Etymology 1

From Old English binnan.

#### Preposition

ben
* through, in, into, inside (a dwelling).
    A gaed ben the chaumer.(please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Come awah ben, hen.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Adjective

ben (comparative benner, superlative benmaist)
* inner, interior.

#### Noun

ben (plural bens)
* The inner room of a two-room hut or shack (as opposed to the but).

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic beinn.

#### Noun

ben (plural bens)
* mountain, hill

### References

* “ben, adv.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 12 June 2024, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.
* “ben, adv., prep., adj., n.1.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 12 June 2024, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.
* “ben, n.3.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 12 June 2024, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بك (beñ).

### Noun

ben m (Cyrillic spelling бен)
* (regional) birthmark, mole, naevus
    Synonym: madež

### Further reading

* “ben”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “ben”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “ben”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Sranan Tongo
### Etymology

From English been.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbeŋ/, /ˈben/, [ˈbɪ̞ŋ], [ˈbe̝ŋ]

### Particle

ben
* Verbal marker for the past tense.

#### Usage notes

This marker can be combined with the markers sa or o for the future tense and e for the progressive aspect, in which case the order, if all are used, is that of ben sa/o e. Some examples:
* mi ben waka: “I had walked”.
* mi ben e waka: “I was walking”.
* mi ben sa waka: “I would walk”.
* mi ben sa e waka: “I would have been walking”.

#### Derived terms

* bo

## Swedish
### Etymology

From Old Swedish bēn, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* IPA: /ˈbeːn/

### Noun

ben n
* (anatomy) leg; a body part
* leg; part of trousers which covers the legs
* the part of a piece furniture on which it stands
* (anatomy) bone; any of the components of an endoskeleton
* (anatomy) bone; the material of the endoskeleton

#### Related terms

* armbågsben
* bakben
* bena
* bena upp
* bena ut
* benaska
* benbildning
* benbit
* benbrott
* benfisk
* benflisa
* benfri
* benfärgad
* benföring
* benget
* bengädda
* benhinna
* benhus
* benhård
* benig
* benighet
* bening
* benkläder
* benknota
* benknäckare
* benkol
* benlim
* benlinda
* benling
* benläder
* benlös
* benmassa
* benmjöl
* benmuskel
* benmärg
* benpipa
* benporslin
* benprotes
* benrangel
* benrester
* benröta
* bensax
* benskada
* benskena
* benskydd
* benskör
* benskörhet
* benspark
* bensprattel
* benstomme
* bensträckare
* benstump
* benstyrka
* bensår
* bentackling
* bentag
* benutrymme
* benved
* benvit
* benvärmare
* benvävnad
* bröstben
* båtben
* enbent
* fingerben
* fiskben
* framben
* fyrbent
* handlovsben
* hundben
* karpalben
* kobent
* korsben
* köttben
* lårben
* lösben
* mellanhandsben
* nyckelben
* penisben
* revben
* skenben
* skinn och ben
* strålben
* trebent
* träben
* tvåbent
* underben
* vadben
* vristben
* överarmsben

### References

* ben in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* ben in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* ben in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* Svensk MeSH

## Tày
### Pronunciation

* (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA: [ɓɛn˧˥]
* (Trùng Khánh) IPA: [ɓɛn˦]

### Etymology 1
#### Noun

ben
* betel case

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ben (扁)
* pack; bundle
    ben khẩu nâng ― one bundle of rice
    ben da ― pack of medicine

#### Verb

ben (扁)
* to wrap around
    Ben đảy pác khêm bấu ben đảy pác cần.You can wrap up a needlestick but you can't wrap up a person's mouth.

##### Derived terms

* ben boóc

### Etymology 3
#### Noun

(Classifier: ăn) ben
* weir
    ngắt ben ― to stretch the weir
    nằng ben ― to wait for fish at the weir

### References

* Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
* Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
* Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎ (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛn/, /bæn/
* Hyphenation: ben
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بَنْ (ban /⁠ben⁠/, “I”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بن (/⁠bän⁠/, “I”), from Proto-Common Turkic *bän (“I”), from Proto-Turkic *ben- (“me”), oblique of *be (“I”).
Cognate with Azerbaijani mən, Turkmen men; Uzbek men, Uyghur مەن (men), Karakhanid مَنْ (man /⁠män⁠/, “I”); Crimean Tatar men, Armeno-Kipchak մեն (men), Tatar мин (min), Bashkir мин (min), Kazakh мен (men), Kyrgyz мен (men); Old Turkic 𐰋𐰤 (b²n² /⁠bän⁠/, “I”), 𐰢𐰤 (mn² /⁠män⁠/); Chuvash эпӗ (ep̬ĕ); etc.
Possibly related to Mongolian ᠪᠢ (bi, “I”) / би (bi), Evenki бӣ (bī), Manchu ᠪᡳ (bi, “I”).

#### Pronoun

ben
* I, me

##### Usage notes

* It is one of the two words that has irregular dative case declension. (The other one is "sen").
* It is one of the two words that has irregular genitive case declension. (The other one is "biz").

##### See also
#### Noun

ben (definite accusative beni, plural biz)
* (psychology) ego

#### Derived terms

* albeni
* bencil
* benmerkezci

#### Related terms

* bana
* benli
* benlik
* bensiz
* biz
* -im

### Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish بك (beñ, “mole”), from Proto-Turkic *beŋ (“mole on the face”).
Cognate with Bashkir миң (miñ), Kyrgyz мең (meŋ), Kazakh мең (meñ) Turkmen meň, Yakut мэҥ (meñ).
Also compare Mongolian мэнгэ (menge, “mole, birthmark”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

#### Noun

ben (definite accusative beni, plural benler)
* birthmark, mole

##### Derived terms

* benli
* bensiz

##### Related terms

* benek

##### See also

* leke
* yama

### References

* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bẹ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
* ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ben”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* ↑ Janhunen, Juha (2013) “Personal pronouns in Core Altaic”, in Martine Irma Robbeets, editor, Shared Grammaticalization: With Special Focus on the Transeurasian Languages‎, page 221; republished as Hubert Cuyckens, editor, (Please provide a date or year)
* ↑ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*beŋ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

## Venetan
### Etymology

From Latin bene.

### Adverb

ben
* well

#### Derived terms

* benon

#### Related terms

* bon

## Vietnamese
### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [ʔɓɛn˧˧]
* (Huế) IPA: [ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]
* (Saigon) IPA: [ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]

### Etymology 1

From French benne.

#### Noun

ben
* a cabin

##### See also

* xe ben
* xe tải ben

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

ben
* (Southern Vietnam) to be comparable
    Synonym: bì
    Ai thong thả, trâu nào ben được ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

## Volapük
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bene.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ben]

### Noun

ben (nominative plural bens)
* (sense of) well-being, welfare, being well, wellness

#### Declension

$^1$ status as a case is disputed $^2$ in later, non-classical Volapük only

#### Derived terms

* bened (“a blessing”)
* benik
* beno (“well”, adverb)
* benod (“good deed, charitable act, benefit, benefaction”)
* benäd (“grace”)
* benädü God (“by God's grace, by the Grace of God”)
* benö!
* benön (“be well, be prosperous”, intransitive verb)
* benü (“for the benefit of”) (pöfikans (“the poor”))

#### Related terms

* benedam (“benediction, blessing (as an action)”)
* benedik (“benedictive, rich in blessings”)
* benedön (“bless”, transitive verb)
* beniköl (“doing well, thriving, flourishing”)
* benikön (“become well, prosper, thrive, flourish”, intransitive verb)
* benoköm (“a welcome”)
* benokömaglidön (“to welcome, bid welcome”, transitive verb)
* benokömö (“welcome!”)!
* benokömön (“arrive at the opportune moment”, intransitive verb)
* benolab (“wellness, i.e. "having (it) well", well-being, prosperity, affluence”)
* benolabik (“prosperous, well-to-do”)
* benovimik (“good-tempered”)
* benovip (“congratulation”)
* benovipön (“congratulate, wish (someone) well”, transitive verb)
* benädik (“gracious”)
* benüköl
* benükön (“benefit”, transitive verb)

## Welsh
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /bɛn/

### Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh benn, from Proto-Brythonic *benn, from Proto-Celtic *bend(n)ā (whence Latin benna), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”).

#### Noun

ben f (plural benni)
* (transport, archaic) cart, wagon

##### Synonyms

* men

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

ben
* Soft mutation of pen (“head”).

#### Mutation

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.