# 還

| 還 | U+9084, &#36996; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9084 |
| ← 邃 [U+9083] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 邅 → [U+9085] |

## Translingual
### Han character

還 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+13, 17 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 16 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜田中女 (YWLV), four-corner 3630$_3$, composition ⿺辶睘)

#### Derived characters

* 𫤇, 𡄤, 𭣌, 㶎, 𣟳, 𤫐, 𧮅, 𨰄

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1266, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39174
* Dae Jaweon: page 1764, character 12
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3888, character 2
* Unihan data for U+9084

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 還 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 癏 | *kʷraːn |
| 擐 | *kʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns |
| 還 | *ɡʷraːn, *sɢʷan |
| 環 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 鬟 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 寰 | *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷeːns |
| 闤 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 糫 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 圜 | *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷen |
| 鐶 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 轘 | *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns |
| 澴 | *ɡʷraːn |
| 繯 | *ɡʷraːns, *ɡʷeːnʔ |
| 檈 | *sɢʷan, *sɢʷin |
| 儇 | *qʰʷen |
| 翾 | *qʰʷen |
| 蠉 | *qʰʷen, *qʰʷenʔ |
| 嬛 | *qʰʷen, *qʷen, *ɡʷeŋ |
| 譞 | *qʰʷen |
| 懁 | *kʷeːns |
| 獧 | *kʷeːns |
| 噮 | *qʷeːns |
| 彋 | *ɡʷreːŋ, *ɡʷreːŋ |
| 睘 | *ɡʷeŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡʷraːn, *sɢʷan): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ) – to go back; to return.

### Etymology
#### “to return”

    From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer រង្វាន់ (rŭəngvŏən, “reward; award; bonus”) (Schuessler, 2007). Probably related to 環 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “ring; to encircle”) (ibid.).

#### "still; also"

    The Mandarin reading hái is perhaps from huán (huán → hán → hái), ultimately from the verb sense "to return" (Zhao, 2018).
* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Is the Mandarin reading of hai2 the result of repurposing an existing character? It doesn't seem to be related to non-Mandarin readings and the Old/Middle Chinese data.”

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): huán (huan$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): huan$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хуан (huan, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): waan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): van$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): uan$^4$ / fan$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): vàn
    (Hailu, HRS): van
    (Meixian, Guangdong): van$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): huan$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): hîng / ǔing
* Eastern Min (BUC): hèng / huàng
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): he$^2$ / hiⁿ$^2$ / hai$^2$ / huang$^2$ / huong$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hêng / hâiⁿ / hân / hn̂g / hoân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hoin$^5$ / hain$^5$ / huang$^5$ / huêng$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): huang$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$we
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huán
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^2$
*** Yale: hwán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
*** Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: huan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xuan
*** Sinological IPA : /xuan²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хуан (huan, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /xuæ̃²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waan$^4$
*** Yale: wàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: van$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /van²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: uan$^4$ / fan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /uan³⁵/, /fan³⁵/
* uan4 - “to return (an object)”;
* fan4 - used in compounds, e.g. 還原／还原.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit還 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xuan³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xuan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xuan⁴⁵/ ～原 |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xuã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xuã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xuan⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xuã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xuã²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xuan⁵³/ 归～ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xuɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xuan⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xuan²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xuan³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xuan²¹/ 歸～ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xuã̠³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xuaŋ²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xuæ̃⁵⁵/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xuæ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xuɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xuæ̃³¹/ ～東西 |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦue²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ɦue̞¹³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /ɦuõ²¹³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /va³¹/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xuɛ⁴⁴/ 歸～ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /uɛ⁴⁴/ 歸～ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fan¹³/ ～價 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /ɸan¹²/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /uan⁴⁵/ 有借有～ /fan⁴⁵/ ～原 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /fan¹¹/ ～原 |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /hɑn¹¹/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wan²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /wan²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /wan²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /huan³⁵/ /hãi³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huaŋ⁵³/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xiŋ³³/ /uiŋ²¹/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /huaŋ⁵⁵/ /hõi⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /huaŋ³¹/ |
* Middle Chinese: hwaen
Rime :
| Character | 還 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 戸關切 |
| Baxter | hwaen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠuan/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwaɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuan/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣwan/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɣwan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | waan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤ<r>en/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 還 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwæn › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷˁ<r>en/ |
| English | turn around; return |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 還 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16230 |
| Phonetic component | 睘 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 還 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡʷraːn/ |

#### Definitions

還
* to return to a place; to go back to a place
    還家／还家 ― huánjiā ― to return home
    還鄉／还乡 ― huánxiāng ― to return to one's hometown
    還原／还原 ― huányuán ― to return to the original state, [chemistry] to reduce
    還俗／还俗 ― huánsú ― to resume secular life
* to return an object; to give back
    償還／偿还 ― chánghuán ― to reimburse
    還書／还书 ― huánshū ― to return the books (to the library)
    欠錢不還／欠钱不还 ― qiàn qián bù huán ― to owe money (without the intention of paying back)
       Bǎ wǒ de shǒujī huán gěi wǒ. [Pinyin]
       Give my mobile back to me.
** 2014, “火燒島 / 火烧岛 (Huǒshāo Dǎo) [Set Fire to the Island]”, in 失竊千年 / 失窃千年 [Timeless Sentence], performed by 閃靈樂團 [Chthonic]:
       [translit?] [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to do or give something in return
    還嘴／还嘴 ― huánzuǐ ― to retort
    還手／还手 ― huánshǒu ― to hit back
    還禮／还礼 ― huánlǐ ― to present a gift in return
    還擊／还击 ― huánjī ― to fight back
    還價／还价 ― huánjià ― to make a counter-offer buying price
       yǐ yǎn huán yǎn, yǐ yá huán yá [Pinyin]
       (literally) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth; tit for tat
* (Cantonese, Pingxiang Gan, Hakka, Hokkien, Liuzhou Mandarin, Nanning Pinghua) to treat separately
** 1995, Out of the Dark, spoken by Leon (Stephen Chow):
       cat$^1$ hung$^2$ lau$^4$ hyut$^3$ waan$^4$ cat$^1$ hung$^2$ lau$^4$ hyut$^3$, sei$^2$ waan$^4$ sei$^2$, loeng$^5$ wui$^4$ si$^6$ lai$^4$ ge$^3$, nei$^5$ cin$^1$ kei$^4$ m$^4$ hou$^2$ wan$^6$ ngaau$^4$. [Jyutping]
       (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (Malaysian Hokkien, Singapore Hokkien, obsolete in Philippine Hokkien) to pay
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 還 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 還 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 還 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 還 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 還 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 還 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 還 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 還 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 還 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 還 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 填 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 還 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 還 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 還 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 還 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 還, 退 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 還 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 歸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 歸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 歸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 歸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 還 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 還 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 還 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 還 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 還 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 還 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 還 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 還 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 歸 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 還 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 歸 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 付 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 付 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 還, 付 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 還, 付 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 付 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 付 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 畀 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 畀 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 畀 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 付 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 還 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 付 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 付 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 予 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 還 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 把拉, 還 obsolete |
| Wu | Shanghai | 付 |

#### Compounds

* 一報還一報 / 一报还一报 (yī bào huán yī bào)
* 一尺還他十寸 / 一尺还他十寸
* 一還一報 / 一还一报
* 七返九還 / 七返九还
* 不還 / 不还
* 乍暖還寒 / 乍暖还寒 (zhànuǎnhuánhán)
* 九還丹 / 九还丹
* 交還 / 交还 (jiāohuán)
* 以牙還牙 / 以牙还牙 (yǐyáhuányá)
* 以牙還牙，以眼還眼 / 以牙还牙，以眼还眼
* 以眼還眼 / 以眼还眼 (yǐyǎnhuányǎn)
* 以還 / 以还
* 依還 / 依还
* 借屍還魂 / 借尸还魂 (jièshīhuánhún)
* 償還 / 偿还 (chánghuán)
* 六月債，還得快 / 六月债，还得快
* 劍合珠還 / 剑合珠还
* 匹馬不還 / 匹马不还
* 即以其人之道，還治其人之身 / 即以其人之道，还治其人之身 (jí yǐ qí rén zhī dào, huán zhì qí rén zhī shēn)
* 反本還原 / 反本还原
* 反老還童 / 反老还童
* 合浦珠還 / 合浦珠还 (hépǔzhūhuán)
* 合浦還珠 / 合浦还珠
* 告老還鄉 / 告老还乡 (gàolǎohuánxiāng)
* 填還 / 填还
* 天道好還 / 天道好还
* 奉還 / 奉还 (fènghuán)
* 好借好還，再借不難 / 好借好还，再借不难
* 對還 / 对还
* 已還 / 已还
* 往還 / 往还 (wǎnghuán)
* 得匣還珠 / 得匣还珠
* 拆骨還父，割肉還母 / 拆骨还父，割肉还母
* 揭債還債 / 揭债还债
* 擲還 / 掷还
* 攤還 / 摊还
* 有借有還，再借不難 / 有借有还，再借不难
* 欠債還錢 / 欠债还钱
* 欲就還推 / 欲就还推
* 欲語還休 / 欲语还休
* 欲說還休 / 欲说还休
* 歸還 / 归还 (guīhuán)
* 殺人償命，欠債還錢 / 杀人偿命，欠债还钱 (shārén chángmìng, qiànzhài huánqián)
* 泰極還生否，樂處又逢悲 / 泰极还生否，乐处又逢悲
* 清還 / 清还 (qīnghuán)
* 漫天要價，就地還錢 / 漫天要价，就地还钱
* 漫天討價，著地還錢 / 漫天讨价，著地还钱
* 父債子還 / 父债子还
* 珠還 / 珠还
* 珠還合浦 / 珠还合浦
* 璧還 / 璧还 (bìhuán)
* 生還 / 生还 (shēnghuán)
* 發還 / 发还 (fāhuán)
* 瞞天討價，就地還錢 / 瞒天讨价，就地还钱
* 納還 / 纳还
* 繳還 / 缴还 (jiǎohuán)
* 若有還無 / 若有还无
* 若還 / 若还
* 血債血還 / 血债血还 (xuèzhàixuèhuán)
* 衣錦還鄉 / 衣锦还乡
* 補還 / 补还
* 要價還價 / 要价还价
* 討價還價 / 讨价还价 (tǎojiàhuánjià)
* 買櫝還珠 / 买椟还珠 (mǎidúhuánzhū)
* 返本還原 / 返本还原
* 返老還童 / 返老还童 (fǎnlǎohuántóng)
* 退還 / 退还 (tuìhuán)
* 送還 / 送还 (sònghuán)
* 還丹 / 还丹
* 還以顏色 / 还以颜色
* 還來 / 还来 (huánlái)
* 還俗 / 还俗 (huánsú)
* 還債 / 还债 (huánzhài)
* 還價 / 还价 (huánjià)
* 還元返本 / 还元返本
* 還券 / 还券
* 還原 / 还原 (huányuán)
* 還原劑 / 还原剂 (huányuánjì)
* 還原反應 / 还原反应
* 還原焰 / 还原焰
* 還嘴 / 还嘴 (huánzuǐ)
* 還報 / 还报 (huánbào)
* 還嬰 / 还婴
* 還席 / 还席
* 還帳 / 还帐 (huánzhàng)
* 還忌 / 还忌
* 還性 / 还性
* 還惺 / 还惺
* 還我河山 / 还我河山
* 還手 / 还手 (huánshǒu)
* 還押 / 还押 (huányā)
* 還擊 / 还击 (huánjī)
* 還政 / 还政 (huánzhèng)
* 還本 / 还本
* 還淳反樸 / 还淳反朴
* 還淳返樸 / 还淳返朴
* 還珠合浦 / 还珠合浦
* 還珠返璧 / 还珠返璧
* 還目 / 还目
* 還禮 / 还礼 (huánlǐ)
* 還翰 / 还翰
* 還言 / 还言
* 還辟
* 還鄉 / 还乡 (huánxiāng)
* 還都 / 还都 (huándū)
* 還錢 / 还钱 (huánqián)
* 還陽 / 还阳 (huányáng)
* 還願 / 还愿 (huányuàn)
* 還飆 / 还飙
* 還首 / 还首
* 還魂 / 还魂 (huánhún)
* 還魂記 / 还魂记
* 錦還 / 锦还
* 附過還職 / 附过还职
* 鳳還巢 / 凤还巢

#### Descendants

* → Thai: หวน (hǔuan)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hái, huán (hai$^2$, huan$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˊ, ㄏㄨㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hai$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): waan$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): van$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): hat$^6$ / hai$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hàn / vàn
    (Hailu, HRS): han
    (Meixian, Guangdong): han$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): hai$^1$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hai$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hâi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huan$^1$ / huan$^5$ / han$^5$ / huang$^5$ / huêng$^5$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hai$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ghe; $^1$e; $^6$we
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hai$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hái
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hái
*** Wade–Giles: hai$^2$
*** Yale: hái
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hair
*** Palladius: хай (xaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /xaɪ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, literary variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huán
*** Wade–Giles: huan$^2$
*** Yale: hwán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
*** Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯än³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: hai$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xai
*** Sinological IPA : /xai²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: waan$^4$
*** Yale: wàahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: waan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /waːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: van$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /van²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: hat$^6$ / hai$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hat̚⁵/, /hai²⁴/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: han$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: han$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /han¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàn / vàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: han$^ˇ$ / van$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: han$^2$ / van$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /han¹¹/, /van¹¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: han
*** Sinological IPA: /han⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: han$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /han¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hai$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xai¹¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: hai$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hái
*** Sinological IPA : /hai¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâi
*** Tâi-lô: hâi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haai
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hai²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hai¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huan$^1$ / huan$^5$ / han$^5$ / huang$^5$ / huêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huaⁿ / huâⁿ / hâⁿ / huâng / huêng
*** Sinological IPA : /hũã³³/, /hũã⁵⁵/, /hã⁵⁵/, /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /hueŋ⁵⁵/
* huan1/huan5/han5 - vernacular;
* huang5/huêng5 - literary.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit還 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xai³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xai⁵³/ /xai²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xai⁴⁵/ ～有 |
| Mandarin | Jinan | |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | |
| Mandarin | Xining | |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xai²¹/ ～是 |
| Mandarin | Kunming | |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xae²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | |
| Jin | Pingyao | |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xæ̃³¹/ ～不走 |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | |
| Wu | Hangzhou | |
| Wu | Wenzhou | |
| Hui | Shexian | /uɛ⁴⁴/ ～有 |
| Hui | Tunxi | /uːə⁴⁴/ ～要 |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xai¹³/ 副詞 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /han¹¹/ ～有 |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
| Cantonese | Nanning | |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | |

#### Definitions

還
* still; yet; indicates that the phenomenon or observation still exists or the action is still ongoing
    他還沒來。／他还没来。 ― Tā hái méi lái. ― He hasn't come yet.
    還未得住。／还未得住。 [Taishanese] ― van$^3$ mei$^5$ ak$^2$ zi$^5$. [Wiktionary] ― It's still not OK.
    你怎麼還沒到？／你怎么还没到？ ― Nǐ zěnme hái méi dào? ― Why are you still not here?
       Zhèlǐ hái shì lǎo yàngzi. [Pinyin]
       Here's still the same as before.
       Shí diǎn le, tā hái zài gōngzuò. [Pinyin]
       It's ten o'clock already and he is still working.
       Jǐ nián bù jiàn, tā hái nàme piàoliàng. [Pinyin]
       She is still very beautiful after all these years.
       Kǎoshì wán hái yào shàngkè. [Pinyin]
       (I) still have classes after the exams.
* also; as well
       Tā huì shuō yīngyǔ, hái huì shuō xībānyáyǔ. [Pinyin]
       She can speak English and can also speak Spanish.
       Tā péi le yī dà bǐ qián, hái diū le gōngzuò. [Pinyin]
       He lost a lot of money and even his job.
* even more; indicates an increase from a certain level or a supplement
       Jīnnián bǐ qùnián hái lěng. [Pinyin]
       This year is even colder than last year.
* (before adjectives, mostly positive) passably; (surprisingly) quite
       Wǒ de chéngjì hái kěyǐ. [Pinyin]
       I have a passable grade.
       Wūzi bù dà, shōushi dé dǎo hái qiánjìng. [Pinyin]
       It's quite clean for such a small room.
       Háizi bù dà, hái tǐng dǒngshì de. [Pinyin]
       The small kid is surprisingly quite sensible.
       Zhè dàngāo hái tǐng hǎochī de. [Pinyin]
       That was a pretty tasty cake.
* (often in rhetorical questions) indicates condition and contrast, interchangeable with 都 (dōu); even
       Nǐ hái bān bù dòng, hékuàng wǒ ne? [Pinyin]
       Even you can't move it, let alone me.
* indicates unexpectedness; really
    他還真有辦法。／他还真有办法。 ― Tā hái zhēn yǒu bànfǎ. ― Surprisingly he has a way to do this.
    還真的是。／还真的是。 ― Hái zhēnde shì. ― It really is so[; would you look at that.]
* indicates past events; emphasising earliness
       Hái zài jǐ nián yǐqián, wǒmen jiù yánjiū guò zhège fāng'àn. [Pinyin]
       The proposal has been studied by us a couple of years ago (and now you made the suggestion to study it).
* (Hakka, usually in exclamation) very
    還大雨噢！／还大雨噢！ [Meixian Hakka] ― han$^2$ tai$^4$ yi$^3$ o$^3$! [Hakka Transliteration Scheme] ― It's raining heavily!

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 猶, 尚 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 還, 仍, 尚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 還 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 還 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 還 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 還 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 還 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 還 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 還 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 還 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 還 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 還 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 重, 還 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 閒 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 成 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 重 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 重 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 重 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 重 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 淨, 重 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 鄭 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 重 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 鄭 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 還 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 重 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 重 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 重 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Mengshan (Xihe) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Beiliu (Tangliao) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Bobai | 重 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 重 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 重 |
| Cantonese | Ningming | 重 |
| Cantonese | Hengzhou | 淨 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 重 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 重 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 還 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 還 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 還 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) | 重 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 還 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 還 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 還 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 還 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 還 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 還 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 還 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 猶 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 還 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 還 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 還 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 還 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 還 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 固, 唵 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 固 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 固 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 還 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 閣 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 猶, 猶閣, 閣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 猶, 猶閣 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 還 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 還 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 還 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 還 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 還 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 仲 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 重 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 還 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 還 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 還 |
| Wu | Danyang | 還 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 還 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 還 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 還 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 還 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 還 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 還 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 甚, 孔 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 很, 非常, 十分 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 很 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 很, 蠻, 非常 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 挺, 楞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 很, 好 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蠻, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蠻, 稀, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 很 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好, 非常之 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 好, 十分之 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 好 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 好, 非常之, 非常 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 好 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 好 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頂 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 好 |
| Hakka | Changting | 野 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 已, 刮 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 樣 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 好 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋, 盡, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 盡, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 足, 真, 實在 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 好 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 好 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 很 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 好 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 很, 挺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 盡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 野, 真 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 真 |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 野, 萬代 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 真, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 誠, 蓋, 足 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 足, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 真, 誠, 真正 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 過, 好, 非常, 死爸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 好, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 真, 死爸, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 極, 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 但顧 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 但顧, 真 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 好, 蠻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蠻, 窮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蠻, 蒙, 顯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 很, 蠻 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蠻 |

#### Compounds

* 八字還沒一撇兒 / 八字还没一撇儿 (bā zì hái méi yī piěr)
* 判官還講三分理 / 判官还讲三分理
* 好戲還在後頭 / 好戏还在后头 (hǎoxì hái zài hòutou)
* 心病還得心藥醫 / 心病还得心药医
* 打虎還得親兄弟 / 打虎还得亲兄弟
* 比上天還難 / 比上天还难
* 比登天還難 / 比登天还难 (bǐ dēngtiān hái nán)
* 狗嘴裡還有象牙 / 狗嘴里还有象牙
* 解鈴還是繫鈴人 / 解铃还是系铃人
* 解鈴還須繫鈴人 / 解铃还须系铃人 (jiě líng hái xū xì líng rén)
* 還了得 / 还了得
* 還來 / 还来 (huánlái)
* 還可以 / 还可以 (háikěyǐ)
* 還好 / 还好 (háihǎo)
* 還早 / 还早
* 還是 / 还是 (háishì)
* 還有 / 还有 (háiyǒu)
* 還有一說 / 还有一说
* 還未 / 还未
* 還沒有 / 还没有
* 隔牆還有耳 / 隔墙还有耳

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuán (xuan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syun$^4$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soeng$^2$ / syeng$^2$
* Southern Min (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xieng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuán
*** Wade–Giles: hsüan$^2$
*** Yale: sywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuan
*** Palladius: сюань (sjuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syun$^4$
*** Yale: syùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: syn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /syːn²¹/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: soeng$^2$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sé̤ng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬœŋ¹³/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: syeng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬyøŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Leizhou)
*** Leizhou Pinyin: xieng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sieŋ²²/
* Middle Chinese: zjwen
Rime :
| Character | 還 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (78) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 似宣切 |
| Baxter | zjwen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziuᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zʷiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjuæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zwian/ |
| Li Rong | /ziuɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭwɛn/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /zi̯wɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ɢʷen/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sɢʷan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 還 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjwen › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-ɢʷen/ |
| English | turn around, return; agile |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 還 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 16244 |
| Phonetic component | 睘 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 旋 |
| Old Chinese | /*sɢʷan/ |

#### Definitions

還
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 旋 (“to rotate; to turn around”)
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) nimble; agile
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) immediately

### References

* 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “还”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, pages 260, 291.
* 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “还”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 270.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 還 |
| Kyūjitai | 還󠄁 還+&#xE0101; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 還󠄃 還+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: げん (gen)、ぜん (zen)
* Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)、せん (sen)
* Kan’yō-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
* Kun: かえる (kaeru, 還る)、また (mata, 還)、めぐる (meguru)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 還
* かん Grade: S
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 還 (MC hwaen).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

### Affix

還(かん) • (kan)
* to return

### References

* ↑ “還”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

## Korean
### Hanja

還 • (hwan, seon) (hangeul 환, 선)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

還: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.