# 毋過
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): m̀-ko
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): m̄-ko / m̄-ku / m̄-koh / m̄-kò / m̄-kù
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: m̀-ko
*** Hakka Romanization System: m$^ˇ$ go
*** Hagfa Pinyim: m$^2$ go$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /m¹¹ ko⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: m̄-ko
*** Tâi-lô: m̄-ko
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mxkoy
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /m̩²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: m̄-ku
*** Tâi-lô: m̄-ku
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mxkw
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /m̩²²⁻²¹ ku⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: m̄-koh
*** Tâi-lô: m̄-koh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mxkoiq
*** IPA (Taipei): /m̩³³⁻¹¹ koʔ³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤʔ³²/
*** IPA (Philippines): /m̩⁴¹⁻²² koʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: m̄-kò
*** Tâi-lô: m̄-kò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mxkoix
*** IPA (Philippines): /m̩⁴¹⁻²² ko⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /m̩³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: m̄-kù
*** Tâi-lô: m̄-kù
*** Phofsit Daibuun: mxkux
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /m̩³³⁻²¹ ku²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /m̩³³⁻¹¹ ku¹¹/

### Conjunction

毋過
* (Hakka, Southern Min) but; however

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 而, 然, 但, 卻, 則 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 但是, 但, 可是, 不過, 然而 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 但是, 但, 可是, 不過 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 但 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 但, 但是, 可是, 不過 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 但是 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Pematangsiantar | tapi |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 但係, 不過, 之不過, 之但係 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 但係, 不過, 之不過, 之但係, but |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 但係 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 但係 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 但係, 不過, 之不過 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 但係, 董係 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 但係, 毋過, 毋故 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 但係, 毋過 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 毋過 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 但係 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | tapi |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 但是 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 但是 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 但是, 毋過, 毋句, 不過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 但是, 毋句, 不過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 但是, 毋過, 不過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 但是, 毋過, 不而過 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | tapi, 但是 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | tapi, 但是, 毋句, 毋過 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 毋過, 但是, 毋句 |
| Southern Min | Medan (Hokkien) | tapi |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 是呾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 是呾 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 是呾, 比補 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 但是, แต่ว่า |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 但是, tapi |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | tapi, 不過, 但是 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 但是 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 但是 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 但是, 必過, 不過, 但不過, 但必過 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 但必過 |

### References

* “毋過”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.