# 詩

| 詩 | U+8A69, &#35433; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A69 |
| ← 詨 [U+8A68] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 詪 → [U+8A6A] |

## Translingual
### Han character

詩 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口土木戈 (YRGDI), four-corner 0464$_1$, composition ⿰訁寺)

#### Derived characters

* 𡀗, 𫄋, 𡮲

#### Related characters

* 诗 (Simplified Chinese)

### Further reading

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1157, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35427
* Dae Jaweon: page 1622, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3961, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8A69

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 詩 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 等 | *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ |
| 待 | *dɯːʔ |
| 寺 | *ljɯs |
| 持 | *l'ɯ |
| 峙 | *dɯʔ |
| 痔 | *dɯʔ |
| 跱 | *dɯʔ |
| 歭 | *dɯʔ |
| 洔 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ |
| 畤 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ |
| 秲 | *dɯʔ, *djɯs |
| 庤 | *dɯʔ |
| 時 | *djɯ |
| 鰣 | *djɯ |
| 塒 | *djɯ |
| 蒔 | *djɯ, *djɯs |
| 榯 | *djɯ |
| 恃 | *djɯʔ |
| 侍 | *djɯs |
| 詩 | *hljɯ |
| 邿 | *hljɯ |
| 特 | *dɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljɯ): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs) – poetry is a form of language, speech.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shī (shi$^1$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄕ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сы (sɨ, I)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): si$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): si$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂
    (Hailu, HRS): shi$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): si$^1$
* Jin (Wiktionary): si$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): sí
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĭ
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): si
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$sy
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shī
*** Zhuyin: ㄕ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shih
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^1$
*** Yale: shr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
*** Palladius: ши (ši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сы (sɨ, I)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: si$^1$
*** Yale: sī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: si$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /siː⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /si³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
*** Hakka Romanization System: sii$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: shi$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /ʃi⁵³/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁴⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: si$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭ
*** Sinological IPA : /si⁵⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian, Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: si$^1$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si
*** Sinological IPA : /ɬi⁵³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
*** Tâi-lô: si
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sy
*** IPA (Xiamen): /si⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /si³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /si⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si
*** Sinological IPA : /si³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$sy
*** MiniDict: sy$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$sr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩⁵³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: shr$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʂʐ̩³³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /sz̩³³/
* Middle Chinese: syi
Rime :
| Character | 詩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 書之切 |
| Baxter | syi |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiə/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭə/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /ɕi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 詩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ syi › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.tə/ |
| English | poetry |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 詩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12052 |
| Phonetic component | 寺 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 詩 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljɯ/ |

### Definitions

詩
* poem; verse; ode; poetry (Classifier: 首 m c h)
* Short for 詩經／诗经 (Shījīng, “Classic of Poetry”).

### Compounds

* 七步成詩 / 七步成诗
* 七言詩 / 七言诗 (qīyánshī)
* 三家詩 / 三家诗
* 五步成詩 / 五步成诗
* 五言古詩 / 五言古诗
* 五言詩 / 五言诗 (wǔyánshī)
* 交響詩 / 交响诗 (jiāoxiǎngshī)
* 人外無詩 / 人外无诗
* 今體詩 / 今体诗
* 任筆沈詩 / 任笔沈诗
* 作詩 / 作诗 (zuòshī)
* 作詩填詞 / 作诗填词
* 佩文詩韻 / 佩文诗韵
* 佹詩 / 佹诗
* 全唐詩 / 全唐诗
* 八言詩 / 八言诗
* 六一詩話 / 六一诗话
* 六言詩 / 六言诗
* 刻燭賦詩 / 刻烛赋诗
* 劍南詩稿 / 剑南诗稿
* 劇詩 / 剧诗
* 十四行詩 / 十四行诗 (shísìhángshī)
* 千家詩 / 千家诗 (Qiānjiāshī)
* 即事詩 / 即事诗
* 史詩 / 史诗 (shǐshī)
* 古詩 / 古诗 (gǔshī)
* 古體詩 / 古体诗 (gǔtǐshī)
* 吟詩 / 吟诗 (yínshī)
* 吟詩作對 / 吟诗作对 (yínshī zuò duì)
* 吟遊詩人 / 吟游诗人 (yínyóushīrén)
* 和詩 / 和诗
* 和韻詩 / 和韵诗
* 哦詩 / 哦诗
* 唐詩 / 唐诗 (Tángshī)
* 唱詩班 / 唱诗班 (chàngshībān)
* 四家詩 / 四家诗
* 四愁詩 / 四愁诗
* 四言詩 / 四言诗
* 塗抹詩書 / 涂抹诗书
* 大戰詩 / 大战诗
* 子曰詩云 (zǐyuēshīyún)
* 孟詩韓筆 / 孟诗韩笔
* 宋詩鈔 / 宋诗钞
* 定場詩 / 定场诗
* 寶塔詩 / 宝塔诗 (bǎotǎshī)
* 廣覽詩書 / 广览诗书
* 律詩 / 律诗 (lǜshī)
* 悟頭詩 / 悟头诗
* 悼亡詩 / 悼亡诗
* 悲憤詩 / 悲愤诗
* 情詩 / 情诗 (qíngshī)
* 打油詩 / 打油诗 (dǎyóushī)
* 抒情詩 / 抒情诗
* 拗體詩 / 拗体诗
* 故事詩 / 故事诗
* 敘事詩 / 叙事诗 (xùshìshī)
* 散文詩 / 散文诗 (sǎnwénshī)
* 新詩 / 新诗 (xīnshī)
* 新體詩 / 新体诗
* 明月之詩 / 明月之诗
* 明詩 / 明诗
* 朗誦詩 / 朗诵诗
* 柏梁詩
* 桂冠詩人 / 桂冠诗人
* 桃花源詩 / 桃花源诗
* 格詩 / 格诗
* 樂府詩 / 乐府诗 (yuèfǔshī)
* 樂府詩集 / 乐府诗集
* 橫槊賦詩 / 横槊赋诗
* 歌詩 / 歌诗 (gēshī)
* 歪詩 / 歪诗
* 毛詩 / 毛诗 (Máoshī)
* 江西詩派 / 江西诗派
* 湖畔詩人 / 湖畔诗人
* 滄浪詩話 / 沧浪诗话
* 無聲詩 / 无声诗
* 無韻詩 / 无韵诗 (wúyùnshī)
* 無題詩 / 无题诗 (wútíshī)
* 燕足繫詩 / 燕足系诗
* 現代詩 / 现代诗
* 田園詩 / 田园诗
* 田園詩人 / 田园诗人
* 畫中有詩 / 画中有诗
* 畫意詩情 / 画意诗情
* 白話詩 / 白话诗 (báihuàshī)
* 百一詩 / 百一诗
* 盜詩 / 盗诗
* 盤中詩 / 盘中诗
* 禪詩 / 禅诗
* 笙詩 / 笙诗
* 籤詩 / 签诗 (qiānshī)
* 紅葉題詩 / 红叶题诗
* 聖詩 / 圣诗 (shèngshī)
* 自由詩 / 自由诗 (zìyóushī)
* 舊詩 / 旧诗
* 草堂詩餘 / 草堂诗余
* 荷馬史詩 / 荷马史诗
* 裁詩 / 裁诗
* 詠史詩 / 咏史诗
* 詠物詩 / 咏物诗
* 詩中有畫 / 诗中有画
* 詩云子曰
* 詩人 / 诗人 (shīrén)
* 詩人節 / 诗人节
* 詩仙 / 诗仙 (shīxiān)
* 詩以言志 / 诗以言志
* 詩伯 / 诗伯
* 詩入雞林 / 诗入鸡林
* 詩六義 / 诗六义
* 詩劇 / 诗剧
* 詩句 / 诗句 (shījù)
* 詩史 / 诗史 (shīshǐ)
* 詩品 / 诗品
* 詩囊 / 诗囊
* 詩囚 / 诗囚
* 詩壇 / 诗坛 (shītán)
* 詩學 / 诗学 (shīxué)
* 詩宗 / 诗宗
* 詩家 / 诗家
* 詩序 / 诗序
* 詩律 / 诗律
* 詩情 / 诗情
* 詩情畫意 / 诗情画意 (shīqínghuàyì)
* 詩意 / 诗意 (shīyì)
* 詩教 / 诗教
* 詩文 / 诗文 (shīwén)
* 詩書 / 诗书 (shīshū)
* 詩書禮樂 / 诗书礼乐
* 詩朋酒侶 / 诗朋酒侣
* 詩朋酒友 / 诗朋酒友
* 詩格 / 诗格
* 詩歌 / 诗歌 (shīgē)
* 詩法 / 诗法
* 詩派 / 诗派
* 詩眼 / 诗眼
* 詩社 / 诗社
* 詩禮 / 诗礼
* 詩禮之家 / 诗礼之家
* 詩禮人家 / 诗礼人家
* 詩禮傳家 / 诗礼传家
* 詩箋 / 诗笺
* 詩篇 / 诗篇 (shīpiān)
* 詩經 / 诗经 (Shījīng)
* 詩翁 / 诗翁
* 詩聖 / 诗圣 (shīshèng)
* 詩腸鼓吹 / 诗肠鼓吹
* 詩興 / 诗兴
* 詩行 / 诗行 (shīháng)
* 詩詞 / 诗词 (shīcí)
* 詩詞歌賦 / 诗词歌赋 (shīcígēfù)
* 詩話 / 诗话 (shīhuà)
* 詩謎 / 诗谜
* 詩讖 / 诗谶
* 詩讚 / 诗赞
* 詩賦 / 诗赋 (shīfù)
* 詩道 / 诗道
* 詩選 / 诗选
* 詩酒朋儕 / 诗酒朋侪
* 詩鐘 / 诗钟
* 詩集 / 诗集 (shījí)
* 詩韻 / 诗韵 (shīyùn)
* 詩風 / 诗风 (shīfēng)
* 詩餘 / 诗余 (shīyú)
* 詩魔 / 诗魔
* 說詩啐話 / 说诗啐话
* 諷諭詩 / 讽谕诗
* 讚美詩 / 赞美诗 (zànměishī)
* 豔詩 / 艳诗 (yànshī)
* 賦詩 / 赋诗 (fùshī)
* 賦詩言志 / 赋诗言志
* 贈詩 / 赠诗
* 趵突泉詩 / 趵突泉诗
* 輓詩 / 挽诗
* 近體詩 / 近体诗 (jìntǐshī)
* 迴文詩 / 回文诗
* 逸詩 / 逸诗
* 遊仙詩 / 游仙诗
* 邊塞詩 / 边塞诗 (biānsàishī)
* 采詩 (cǎishī)
* 錦囊詩 / 锦囊诗
* 閨怨詩 / 闺怨诗
* 陳詩 / 陈诗
* 隨園詩話 / 随园诗话
* 雜言詩 / 杂言诗
* 離合詩 / 离合诗
* 韓詩 / 韩诗
* 韓詩外傳 / 韩诗外传
* 題詩 / 题诗 (tíshī)
* 飽讀詩書 / 饱读诗书 (bǎodúshīshū)
* 魯詩 / 鲁诗
* 齊詩 / 齐诗

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 詩(し) (shi)
* → Korean: 시(詩) (si)
* → Vietnamese: thi (詩)

### References

* “詩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)
* poetry, poem
* (archaic) Chinese-style poetry
* modern Japanese poetry

#### Readings

* Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
* Kun: うた (uta, 詩)、うたう (utau, 詩う)

#### Compounds

* 詩(し)吟(ぎん) (shigin, “recitation of a Chinese poem”)
* 詩(し)情(じょう) (shijō, “poetic sentiment, interest”)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 詩
* し Grade: 3
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 詩 (MC syi).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) し [shì] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕi]

#### Noun

詩(し) • (shi)
* poem
* verse of poetry
* (poetry) Chinese poetry
* Short for 詩経 (“Shijing, the Book of Odes”).

##### Derived terms

* 詩(しい)歌(か) (shīka), 詩(し)歌(か) (shika, “Japanese poetry”)
* 漢(かん)詩(し) (kanshi, “Chinese poetry”)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 詩
* うた Grade: 3
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 詩 – see the following entry. :
| 【歌うた】2 | [noun] (music) a song [noun] (poetry) poetry Alternative spellings 唄, 謳 |
(This term, 詩, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 詩 (MC syi). Recorded as Middle Korean 시 (si) (Yale: si) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 詩 (eum 시 (si))
* hanja form of 시 (“poetry; poem”)
* hanja form of 시 (“verse”)

#### Compounds

* 극시 (劇詩, geuksi)
* 부시 (賦詩, busi)
* 서경시 (敍景詩, seogyeongsi)
* 서사시 (敍事詩, seosasi)
* 서시 (序詩, seosi)
* 서정시 (抒情詩, seojeongsi)
* 서정시 (敍情詩, seojeongsi)
* 송시 (誦詩, songsi)
* 시가 (詩歌, siga)
* 시객 (詩客, sigaek)
* 시경 (詩經, sigyeong)
* 시단 (詩壇, sidan)
* 시문 (詩文, simun)
* 시상 (詩想, sisang)
* 시서 (詩書, siseo)
* 시선 (詩仙, siseon)
* 시성 (詩聖, siseong)
* 시인 (詩人, siin)
* 시작 (詩作, sijak)
* 시재 (詩材, sijae)
* 시정 (詩情, sijeong)
* 시집 (詩集, sijip)
* 시편 (詩篇, sipyeon)
* 시풍 (詩風, sipung)
* 시형 (詩形, sihyeong)
* 시화 (詩話, sihwa)
* 시흥 (詩興, siheung)
* 율시 (律詩, yulsi)
* 작시 (作詩, jaksi)
* 전원시 (田園詩, jeonwonsi)
* 증시 (贈詩, jeungsi)
* 한시 (漢詩, hansi)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

詩: Hán Việt readings: thi (申(thân)之(chi)切(thiết))
詩: Nôm readings: thơ, thi
* chữ Hán form of thi (“poetry; poem”).
* chữ Nôm form of thơ (“poetry; poem; verse”).

#### Compounds

* 史詩 (sử thi)
* 詩人 (thi nhân)
* 詩伯 (thi bá)
* 詩味 (thi vị)
* 詩唐 (thơ Đường)
* 詩士 (thi sĩ)
* 詩思 (thi tứ)
* 詩書 (thi thư)
* 詩歌 (thi ca)
* 詩社 (thi xã)
* 詩禮 (thi lễ)
* 詩經 (Kinh Thi)
* 詩興 (thi hứng)
* 詩豪 (thi hào)

### References

* 1 2 3 Nguyễn (2014).
* 1 2 3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).
* 1 2 3 Bonet (1899).
* 1 2 Génibrel (1898).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).
* 1 2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).