# око
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [oˈkɔ]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

око́ • (okó) n (relational adjective о́чен)
* (anatomy) eye

#### Declension
## Carpathian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian о́ко (óko), from Proto-Slavic *oko.

### Noun

око • (oko)
* (anatomy) eye

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɔkɔ]
* Audio:(file)
* Syllabification: о‧ко
* Hyphenation: око

### Noun

око • (oko) n (plural очи, relational adjective очен, diminutive окце or оче, augmentative очиште)
* (anatomy) eye

#### Derived terms

* воочи pf (vooči)
* воочува impf (voočuva)
* очевиден (očeviden)
* очевидец m (očevidec)
* очевидно (očevidno)
* очевидност f (očevidnost)
* очигледен (očigleden)
* очигледно (očigledno)
* очигледност f (očiglednost)
* очила pl (očila)
* очилар m (očilar)

### References

* “око” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

## Old Church Slavonic
### Alternative forms

* Glagolitic: ⱁⰽⱁ (oko)
* ꙩко (oko) (with monocular o) (with ꙫчи (oči) (dual with binocular o) and ꙭчи (oči) (dual with double monocular o))

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

### Noun

око • (oko) n
* (anatomy) eye
* vision, sight

#### Declension

The singular takes o-stem or s-stem endings, the dual takes mostly i-stem endings, and the plural takes s-stem endings. Halla-aho considers the dual forms a remnant of an original i-stem which later became an s-stem, but Derksen reconstructs the Proto-Slavic form as an o-stem instead.

### See also

* многоочитый (mnogoočityj)
* многоꙮчитїй (mnogoočitij)

### References

* Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “око”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk
* Hauptova Z., editor (1958–1997), “око”, in Slovník jazyka staroslověnského (Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae), Prague: Euroslavica
* Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
* Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki

## Old East Slavic
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

### Noun

око (oko) n
* eye

#### Descendants

* Old Ruthenian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
** Belarusian: во́ка (vóka)
** Carpathian Rusyn: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
** Ukrainian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko); го́ко (hóko) (dialectal)
* Russian: о́ко (óko) (dated, archaic)

### References

* Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902) “око”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 642

## Old Novgorodian
### Etymology 1

First attested in c. 1100‒1120. Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȍko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs (“eye”), from *h₃ekʷ- (“to see; eye”). Cognate with Old East Slavic око (oko), Old Ruthenian о́ко (óko), Old Church Slavonic око / ⱁⰽⱁ (oko), Old Polish oko, Old Czech oko.

#### Noun

око • (oko) n (dual оци)
* (anatomy) eye

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

First attested in c. 1180‒1200. By surface analysis, о (o) +‎ ко (ko). Cognate with Old East Slavic око (oko).

#### Conjunction

око • (oko)
* that
* as
* so, so that

##### Derived terms

* оконо (okono)
* око стоꙗ (oko stoja)

### References

* ↑ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 769
* ↑ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 770

### Further reading

* “око”, in Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка [Birchbark Letters – Russian National Corpus], https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2025

## Old Ruthenian
### Alternative forms

* во́ко (vóko)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

### Noun

око • (oko) n inan (genitive plural о́чи)
* eye
* sight, look

#### Descendants

* Belarusian: во́ка (vóka)
* Carpathian Rusyn: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
* Ukrainian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko); го́ко (hóko) (dialectal)

### Further reading

* Tymchenko, E. K., editor (1930), “воко; око”, in Історичний словник українського язика [Historical Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1, number 1 (А – Г), Kharkiv, Kyiv: State Publishing House of Ukraine, page 294
* Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “*око¹”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 78
* Bulyka, A. M., editor (2002), “око, воко”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 22 (оддыханье – ость), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 136
* Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1997), “воко; око”, in Словник української мови XVI – 1-ї пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 4 (весь – вправѣ), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 197
* Tymchenko, E. K. (2003) “око”, in Nimchuk, V. V., editor, Матеріали до словника писемної та книжної української мови XV–XVIII ст. [Materials for the Dictionary of the Written and Book Ukrainian Language of 15ᵗʰ–18ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (О – Я), Kyiv, New York: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., →ISBN, page 32

## Pannonian Rusyn
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak oko, from Proto-Slavic *oko. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko) and Slovak oko.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɔkɔ]
* Rhymes: -ɔkɔ
* Hyphenation: око

### Noun

око (oko) n (diminutive очичко, augmentative очиско, related adjective оков or очни)
* eye
    маче око ― mače oko ― cat's eye
    оч до оч ― oč do oč ― eye-to-eye

#### Usage notes

* The genitive plural form оч (oč) is only used in certain fixed phrases before or after prepositions.

#### Derived terms

* очивисни (očivisni)
* очиглядни (očihljadni)
* вочи (voči)
* очивидец m pers (očividec)

### Further reading

* Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “око”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
* Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “eye”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 109

## Russian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic око (oko), from Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈokə]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́чи$^*$, genitive plural оче́й$^*$) (* о́чи is actually an old nominative dual form for neuter nouns.)
* (dated or poetic or literary) eye (used in proverbs and expressions)
    Synonym: (a more common term) глаз m (glaz)
    о́чи чёрные ― óči čórnyje ― dark eyes
    Ви́дит о́ко, да зу́б неймёт. ― Vídit óko, da zúb nejmjót. ― The eye sees (it) but the tooth cannot take it.

#### Declension

$^△$Irregular. $^*$о́чи is actually an old nominative dual form for neuter nouns.
$^△$Irregular.

#### Derived terms

* о́чный (óčnyj)
** о́чник m anim (óčnik), о́чница f anim (óčnica)
** зао́чный (zaóčnyj)
*** зао́чник m anim (zaóčnik), зао́чница f anim (zaóčnica)
* очеви́дный (očevídnyj)
** неочеви́дный (neočevídnyj), очеви́дность f (očevídnostʹ)
* очеви́дец m anim (očevídec), очеви́дица f anim (očevídica)
* очко́ n (očkó)
** очко́вый (očkóvyj)
*** одноочко́вый (odnoočkóvyj), двухочко́вый (dvuxočkóvyj), трёхочко́вый (trjoxočkóvyj)
** очкова́ть impf (očkovátʹ), очкану́ть pf (očkanútʹ), очку́н m anim (očkún)
* очки́ m pl (očkí)
** оче́чный (očéčnyj)
*** оче́чник m (očéčnik)
** очка́стый (očkástyj), очка́рик m anim (očkárik)
* многоо́кий (mnogoókij)
* воо́чию (voóčiju)
* окоём m (okojóm)

#### Related terms

* окно́ n (oknó)
** око́нный (okónnyj), подоко́нник m (podokónnik)

#### See also

* о́чень (óčenʹ)

### References

* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “око”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
* Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “око”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 594

### Further reading

* око in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru

## Serbo-Croatian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ôko/
* Hyphenation: о‧ко

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

#### Noun

о̏ко n (Latin spelling ȍko)
* (anatomy) eye

##### Declension
#### Further reading

* “око”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “око”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “око”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

### Etymology 2
#### Preposition

о̏ко (Latin spelling ȍko) (+ genitive case)
* around, about, approximately
    Заплијењено је око 45 кг. ― Approximately 45 kg was seized.

#### Further reading

* “око”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
* “око”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

## Ukrainian

Picture dictionary :
око
череп
мозок
око
губа
ніс
рот
підборіддя
щелепа
вухо
висок
шия :

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɔkɔ]
* Audio:(file)

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Ruthenian о́ко (óko), from Proto-Slavic *oko.

#### Noun

о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́чі, genitive plural оче́й, relational adjective о́чний)
* eye

##### Usage notes

The genitive singular, о́ка (óka), is used after the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

##### Declension
### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اوقه.

#### Noun

о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́ка, genitive plural ок or вік)
* (archaic) oka: A unit of weight, approximately 1.2 kg.
* (archaic) oka: A measure for alcoholic beverages, approximately 1-1.5 liters.

##### Declension
### Further reading

* Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “о́ко”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 170
* Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “о́ко”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “око”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “око”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
* “око”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
* “око”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
* “око”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)