# had
## Translingual
### Symbol

had
* (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Hatam.

### See also

* Wiktionary’s coverage of Hatam terms

## English
### Etymology

From Middle English hadde (preterite), yhad (past participle), from Old English hæfde (first and third person singular preterite), ġehæfd (past participle), from Proto-Germanic *habdaz, past and past participle stem of *habjaną (“to have”), equivalent to have +‎ -ed. Cognate with Dutch had, German hatte, Swedish hade, Icelandic hafði.

### Pronunciation

* (stressed) IPA: /hæd/
* Audio (General American):(file)
* (had to): IPA: /hæt/
* (unstressed) IPA: /həd/, /əd/
* Rhymes: -æd

### Verb

had
* simple past and past participle of have
    This morning I had an egg for breakfast.
    A good time was had by all.
** 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter I, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 1:About thirty years ago, Miss Maria Ward, of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, […].
* (auxiliary, followed by a past participle) Used to form the past perfect tense, expressing an action that took place prior to a reference point that is itself in the past.
    I felt sure that I had seen him before.
** 2011 April 15, Ben Cooper, The Guardian, London:Cooper seems an odd choice, but imagine if they had taken MTV's advice and chosen Robert Pattinson?
* (auxiliary, now rare) As past subjunctive: would have.
** 1499, John Skelton, The Bowge of Courte:To holde myne honde, by God, I had grete payne; / For forthwyth there I had him slayne, / But that I drede mordre wolde come oute […].
** 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 4, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:Julius Cæsar had escaped death, if going to the Senate-house, that day wherein he was murthered by the Conspirators, he had read a memorial which was presented unto him.
** 1849, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, In Memoriam, section 24:If all was good and fair we met, / This earth had been the Paradise / It never look’d to human eyes / Since our first Sun arose and set.
** 1898, George Bernard Shaw, Caesar and Cleopatra:CAESAR (smiling). Of course I had rather you stayed.

#### Usage notes

Had, like that, is one of a small number of words to be correctly used twice in succession in English in a non-contrived way, e.g. “He had had several operations previously.”

#### Derived terms

* had better
* had best

### Anagrams

* DHA, dah, dha, HDA, AHD, ADH

## Afrikaans
### Verb

had
* preterite of hê; had

## Breton
### Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from *sh₁-tó-, past participle of Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.

### Noun

had m (plural hadoù)
* (botany) seed

## Central Cagayan Agta
### Pronoun

had
* (interrogative) where

## Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech had, from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɦat]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: had
* Rhymes: -at

### Noun

had m anim (relational adjective hadí)
* snake

#### Derived terms

* hadice
* hadí
* hádě

#### Related terms

* hadice f

### Further reading

* “had”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “had”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “had”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Etymology

From Old Norse hatr, from Proto-Germanic *hataz, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂d- (“hate”).

### Pronunciation

* Rhymes: -ad

### Noun

had n (singular definite hadet, not used in plural form)
* hate, hatred

#### Derived terms

* fremmedhad n
* fremmedhad
* had-kærlighed c
* had-kærligheds-forhold n
* hade
* hadebesked
* hadebrev
* hadefuld
* hadefuldhed
* hadegave c
* hademail
* hadeobjekt
* hader
* hadforbrydelse
* hadfyldt
* hadkriminalitet
* hadprædikant
* hadsk
* jødehad
* kvindehad
* lægge for had
* mandehad
* racehad n
* selvhad n
* svenskerhad
* tyskerhad

### Verb

had
* imperative of hade

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑt
* IPA: /ɦɑt/

### Verb

had
* singular past indicative of hebben

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From Old Hungarian hodu, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kunta. Cognate with Finnish kunta.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhɒd]
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɒd

### Noun

had (plural hadak)
* (military) army
* (military, in compound words or phrases) war

#### Derived terms

* hadászat
* hadi
* derékhad
* előhad
* gyerekhad
* hadgyakorlat
* hadjárat
* hadművészet
* hadnagy
* hadsereg
* hadtörténész
* hadúr
* hadüzenet
* hadviselés
* hajóhad
* középhad
* sáskahad
* siserahad
* tartalékhad
* utóhad
* hadat üzen
* hadat visel
* hadba száll
* hadba szólít
* hadra kel

### References

* ↑ Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), volume II, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 1277

### Further reading

* had in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Indonesian
### Etymology

Inherited from Malay had, from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Indonesian) IPA: /ˈhat/ [ˈhat̪̚]
* Rhymes: -at

### Noun

had (plural had-had)
* (rare) Synonym of batas (“limit; boundary”)

#### Derived terms

* berhad (“limited”)
* hadkan (“to limit; to specialize”)
* terhad (“limited”)

### Further reading

* “had” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Jersey Dutch
### Alternative forms

* hād
* hāt

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hat/

### Verb

had
* singular past indicative of hävve; had.
** 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:En kääd'l had twî jongers; […]A man had two sons. […]

## Malay
### Etymology

From Classical Malay [script needed] (had), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /had/

### Noun

had (Jawi spelling حد, plural had-had, informal 1st possessive hadku, 2nd possessive hadmu, 3rd possessive hadnya)
* limit
** (mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).
    Synonym: limit (Indonesian)
* boundary

#### Synonyms

* batas

#### Derived terms

* berhad

#### Descendants

* Indonesian: had

### Further reading

* “had” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

## Matal
### Verb

had
* to walk, go
    Kamkam, kahad à Urusalima aw! (Sləray 21:21)Don't go to Jerusalem! (Acts 21:12)

### References

* ↑ http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Acts/21

## Middle English
### Noun

had
* Alternative form of hod

## Old Czech
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (13th CE) /ˈɣad/
* IPA: (15th CE) /ˈɦat/

### Noun

had m animal
* snake

#### Descendants

* Czech: had

### Further reading

* Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “had”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

## Old English
### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *haidu, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz (“state, condition, rank, person”). Akin to Old Norse heiðr (“dignity, honor”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (haidus, “manner”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /xɑːd/, [hɑːd]

### Noun

hād m
* person, individual
* a character
** c. 1011, Byrhtferth, Manual‎:Þonne sē sċop inn ġebringþ ōðre hādas þe wiþ hine wordliġen swelċe hīe him andswariġen, þonne biþ sēo ġesetnes "ġemǣnu" oþþe "ġemenġedu" ġeċīeġed.When the bard brings in other characters that talk with him as if they were him answering, then the composition is said to be "common" or "mixed."
* individuality
* rank, status
** 9th century, the Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"
    ġehwelċes hādes mennpeople of every rank
* a person of the Trinity
** c. 992, Ælfric, "Of the Catholic Faith"
    Nis sē Fæder āna Þrīnes, oþþe sē Sunu Þrīnes, oþþe sē Hālga Gāst Þrīnes, ac þās þrī hādas sind ān god on ānre godcundnesse.The Trinity is not the Father alone, or the Son, or the Holy Ghost; these three persons are one god in one godhead.
* honor, dignity
* office (esp religious)
* state, condition; nature, manner
* sex, gender
** c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of the Holy Virgins"
    Sēo ġelaðung is ġegaderod of ǣġðres hādes mannum, þæt is, werhādes and wīfhādes.The church is gathered from people of either sex, that is, the male sex and the female sex.
* (grammar) grammatical person
** c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice
    Þrī hādas sind worda. Sē forma hād is þe spricþ be him selfum ānum ("iċ seċġe", oþþe mid ōðrum mannum on maniġfealdum ġetæle, "wē seċġaþ"). Sē ōðer hād is þe sē forma spricþ tō ("þū sæġst", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "ġē seċġaþ"). Sē þridda hād is be þǣm þe sē forma hād spricþ tō þǣm ōðrum hāde ("hē sæġþ", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "hīe seċġaþ").Verbs have three persons. The first person speaks about himself alone ("I say", or with other people in plural number, "we say"). The second person is whomever the first person speaks to ("you say", or in plural "ye say"). The third person is whomever the first person speaks about to the other one ("he says", or in plural "they say").
* race; kindred, family; tribe, group
* choir

#### Declension

Strong a-stem:

#### Derived terms

* forma hād
* ōþer hād
* þridda hād

#### Related terms

* -hād

#### Descendants

* Middle English: hod, had, hade, hede, hode
** English: hade, hede (obsolete)
** Scots: hade (obsolete)

## Slovak
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɦat]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

had m animal (female equivalent (rare, colloquial) hadica, relational adjective hadí, diminutive hadík or hádik, augmentative hadisko)
* snake, serpent

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “had”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

## Sumerian
### Romanization

had
* Romanization of 𒉺 (ḫad)

## Turkish
### Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish حد (hadd), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /hadʲ/, [hɐdʲ]

### Noun

had (definite accusative haddi, plural hadler or hudut)
* limit
* boundary

#### Related terms

* hiddet
* mahdut
* tahdit

## Upper Sorbian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gàdъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɦat/
* Rhymes: -at
* Hyphenation: had
* Syllabification: had

### Noun

had m animal (diminutive hadźik)
* (zoology) snake, serpent

#### Declension
### References

* “had” in Soblex

## Uzbek
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd, “limit”). Compare Turkish had.

### Noun

had (plural hadlar)
* limit

## Welsh
### Etymology

From Middle Welsh hat, from Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁-tó-, past participle of *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /haːd/
* Rhymes: -aːd

### Noun

had m pl or m sg (singulative hedyn, plural hadau)
* seed, seeds (collectively)
* semen, sperm
    Synonyms: semen, sberm

#### Derived terms

* had bwrw (“semen”)
* hadblanhigyn (“seedling”)
* hadog (“seeded”)
* hadwellt (“dropseed”)
* llinad (“linseed”)

#### Related terms

* hadu (“to sow”)

### Further reading

* R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “had”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

## Yola
### Verb

had
* Alternative form of hadh (“had”)
** 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 79:Ich woul ich had.I wish I had.
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:Yith Muzleare had ba hole, t'was mee Tommeen,If Good-for-little had been buried, it had been my Tommy,
** 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:An aar w' had Treblere an sturdy Cournug.And there we had Treblere and sturdy Cournug.
** 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:Eee crappès o' a shearde ich had a cousaane.In the bushes of the gap I had a hole to go through.
** 1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 108:Hea had no much wut,He had not much wit,

### References

* Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867