# 讀

| 讀 | U+8B80, &#35712; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B80 |
| ← 譿 [U+8B7F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 讁 → [U+8B81] |
| 讀 | U+F95A, &#63834; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F95A |
| ← 陵 [U+F959] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 拏 → [U+F95B] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 讀 |
| Shinjitai | 読 |
| Simplified | 读 |

### Han character

讀 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+15, 22 strokes, cangjie input 卜口土田金 (YRGWC), four-corner 0468$_6$, composition ⿰訁賣 or ⿰訁𧶠)

#### Derived characters

* 𭍏, 讟

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1185, character 27
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36088
* Dae Jaweon: page 1649, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4029, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8B80
* Unihan data for U+F95A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 讀 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 竇 | *l'oːɡs |
| 續 | *ljoɡs, *ljoɡ |
| 覿 | *l'juːɡ |
| 黷 | *l'oːɡ |
| 讟 | *l'oːɡ |
| 殰 | *l'oːɡ |
| 讀 | *l'oːɡ |
| 櫝 | *l'oːɡ |
| 牘 | *l'oːɡ |
| 儥 | *l'oːɡ |
| 贕 | *l'oːɡ |
| 皾 | *l'oːɡ |
| 瓄 | *l'oːɡ |
| 瀆 | *l'oːɡ |
| 豄 | *l'oːɡ |
| 韇 | *l'oːɡ |
| 嬻 | *l'oːɡ |
| 犢 | *l'oːɡ |
| 匵 | *l'oːɡ |
| 藚 | *ljoɡ |
| 襩 | *ɦljoɡ |
| 贖 | *ɦljoɡ |
| 𧶠 | *luɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'oːɡ): semantic 言 (“to say”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).

### Etymology 1

“To say aloud, to tell” (Shijing) > “to recite” > “to read”.
Cognate with Tibetan ཀློག (klog, “to read; to recite”). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lok (“to recite; to give notice”) for this, and also includes Burmese လျှောက် (hlyauk, “to tell; to ask; to petition; word-for-word translation; indiscriminately”) and Mizo thlûk (“accent, tone, intonation”). Related to 讟 (OC *l'oːɡ, “resentment, slander < to grumble; complaint”).
STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-g-(l/r)əwk (“to read”), relating it to 牘 (OC *l'oːɡ, “tablet”).
Sagart (1999) argues that “read” cannot be the primary meaning, since existence of the concept “to read” before the invention of writing is questionable. There was likely no writing at the time of the split between Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages, therefore the Tibetan word may represent a borrowing from Chinese.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): dú (du$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): du$^2$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дў (dw, III)
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): duk$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): uuk$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tuh$^7$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thu̍k
    (Hailu, HRS): tug$^ˋ$
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tug$^6$
* Jin (Wiktionary): dueh$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): dŭ
* Eastern Min (BUC): tĕ̤k
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tah$^7$ / torh$^7$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tha̍k / tho̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tag$^8$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$doq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dú
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dú
*** Wade–Giles: tu$^2$
*** Yale: dú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
*** Palladius: ду (du)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: du$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: du
*** Sinological IPA : /tu²¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дў (dw, III)
*** Sinological IPA : /tu⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: duk$^6$
*** Yale: duhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: duk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊk̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: uuk$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɵk̚³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tuh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰuʔ²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k
*** Hakka Romanization System: tug
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: tug$^ˋ$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰuk²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰʊk̚⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: dueh$^5$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuəʔ⁵⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /tu²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tĕ̤k
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰøyʔ⁵/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tah$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ta̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: tah$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaʔ²⁴/
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: torh$^7$
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: to̤̍h
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɒʔ⁴/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: torh$^7$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɒʔ²⁴/
* tah7 - vernacular;
* torh7 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: duwk
Rime :
| Character | 讀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (3) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 徒谷切 |
| Baxter | duwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /duk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /duk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /duk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /dəwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /duk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /duk̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /dʱuk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | dú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | duk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.lˤok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'oːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 讀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ duwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.lˁok/ |
| English | read (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 讀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16039 |
| Phonetic component | 𧶠 |
| Rime group | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 獨 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'oːɡ/ |

#### Definitions

讀
* (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to say aloud; to tell
* to read (silently); to peruse
    Synonym: 看
    讀書／读书 ― dúshū ― to read; reading
    閱讀／阅读 ― yuèdú ― to read
       Zhè piān wénzhāng zhíde yī dú. [Pinyin]
       This article is worth reading.
* to read aloud; to read out
    朗讀／朗读 ― lǎngdú ― to read aloud
       yǒu biān dú biān, méi biān dú zhōngjiān [Pinyin]
       read the side if any; read the middle part if there is no side
    二讀／二读 ― èrdú ― second reading (of a bill)
* to study
    讀大學／读大学 ― dú dàxué ― to study at a university
    讀會計／读会计 [Cantonese] ― duk$^6$ wui$^6$ gai$^3$ [Jyutping] ― to study accounting
* to pronounce (a character, a word, etc.)
    Synonym: 唸 / 念 (niàn)
    這個字怎麼讀？／这个字怎么读？ ― Zhège zì zěnme dú? ― How do you pronounce this character?
* pronunciation
    讀音／读音 ― dúyīn ― pronunciation (of characters)
    異讀／异读 ― yìdú ― variant pronunciation
    文讀／文读 ― wéndú ― literary reading

#### Compounds

* 一讀會 / 一读会
* 三讀 / 三读 (sāndú)
* 三讀會 / 三读会
* 伏讀 / 伏读
* 低幼讀物 / 低幼读物
* 伴讀 / 伴读 (bàndú)
* 侍讀 / 侍读 (shìdú)
* 俗讀 / 俗读
* 判讀 / 判读 (pàndú)
* 十年讀書 / 十年读书
* 半工半讀 / 半工半读 (bàngōngbàndú)
* 又讀 / 又读
* 可讀性 / 可读性 (kědúxìng)
* 吏讀 / 吏读 (lìdú)
* 唯讀 / 唯读 (wéidú)
* 宣讀 / 宣读 (xuāndú)
* 審讀 / 审读 (shěndú)
* 導讀 / 导读 (dǎodú)
* 就讀 / 就读 (jiùdú)
* 展讀 / 展读
* 工讀 / 工读 (gōngdú)
* 工讀生 / 工读生 (gōngdúshēng)
* 復讀 / 复读 (fùdú)
* 恭讀 / 恭读 (gōngdú)
* 悔讀南華 / 悔读南华
* 披讀 / 披读
* 拜讀 / 拜读 (bàidú)
* 掛角讀書 / 挂角读书
* 捧讀 / 捧读
* 攻讀 / 攻读 (gōngdú)
* 教讀 / 教读
* 映月讀書 / 映月读书
* 映雪讀書 / 映雪读书
* 書讀五車 / 书读五车
* 有邊讀邊 / 有边读边 (yǒu biān dú biān)
* 朗讀 / 朗读 (lǎngdú)
* 熟讀 / 熟读 (shúdú)
* 熟讀玩味 / 熟读玩味
* 熟讀精思 / 熟读精思
* 牧羊讀書 / 牧羊读书
* 異讀 / 异读 (yìdú)
* 白讀 / 白读 (báidú)
* 百讀不厭 / 百读不厌 (bǎidúbùyàn)
* 盲人讀物 / 盲人读物
* 研讀 / 研读 (yándú)
* 破讀 / 破读 (pòdú)
* 精讀 / 精读 (jīngdú)
* 耕讀 / 耕读
* 耕讀傳家 / 耕读传家
* 耽讀 / 耽读
* 脣讀 / 唇读 (chúndú)
* 解讀 / 解读 (jiědú)
* 訓讀 / 训读 (xùndú)
* 誦讀 / 诵读 (sòngdú)
* 誤讀 / 误读 (wùdú)
* 課外讀物 / 课外读物
* 諷讀 / 讽读
* 講讀 / 讲读
* 讀不捨手 / 读不舍手
* 讀冊 / 读册 (tha̍k-chheh) (Min Nan)
* 讀卡機 / 读卡机
* 讀友 / 读友
* 讀取 / 读取 (dúqǔ)
* 讀寫 / 读写 (dúxiě)
* 讀律 / 读律
* 讀後感 / 读后感 (dúhòugǎn)
* 讀數 / 读数 (dúshù)
* 讀書 / 读书 (dúshū)
* 讀書三到 / 读书三到
* 讀書三餘 / 读书三余
* 讀書人 / 读书人 (dúshūrén)
* 讀書明理 / 读书明理
* 讀書破萬卷 / 读书破万卷 (dúshū pò wànjuàn)
* 讀書種子 / 读书种子
* 讀書識字 / 读书识字 (dúshū shízì)
* 讀會 / 读会
* 讀本 / 读本 (dúběn)
* 讀死書 / 读死书 (dúsǐshū)
* 讀法 / 读法
* 讀為 / 读为
* 讀物 / 读物 (dúwù)
* 讀畫 / 读画
* 讀破 / 读破 (dúpò)
* 讀破句 / 读破句 (dúpòjù)
* 讀秒 / 读秒 (dúmiǎo)
* 讀經 / 读经 (dújīng)
* 讀者 / 读者 (dúzhě)
* 讀者投書 / 读者投书
* 讀者文摘 / 读者文摘
* 讀脣術 / 读唇术
* 讀若 / 读若 (dúruò)
* 讀音 / 读音 (dúyīn)
* 走讀生 / 走读生 (zǒudúshēng)
* 輟讀 / 辍读
* 轉讀 / 转读
* 通俗讀物 / 通俗读物
* 通讀 / 通读 (tōngdú)
* 速讀 / 速读
* 選讀 / 选读 (xuǎndú)
* 選讀生 / 选读生
* 重讀 / 重读
* 閱讀 / 阅读 (yuèdú)
* 閱讀機 / 阅读机
* 附讀 / 附读
* 音讀 / 音读 (yīndú)
* 飽讀詩書 / 饱读诗书 (bǎodúshīshū)
* 默讀 / 默读 (mòdú)

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: đọc
* → Zhuang: doeg

### Etymology 2

A late attested reading. Starostin thinks it is from the *-s pronunciation of Etymology 1.

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dòu (dou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dau$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): eu$^5$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): têu$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): dâiu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): tāu / tō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dao$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòu
*** Wade–Giles: tou$^4$
*** Yale: dòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow
*** Palladius: доу (dou)
*** Sinological IPA : /toʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dau$^6$
*** Yale: dauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: deo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐu̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: eu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /eu³²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: têu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰeu⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: dâiu
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑu²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu / tō͘
*** Tâi-lô: tāu / tōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dau, do
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tau²²/, /tɔ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tau⁴¹/, /tɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tau²²/, /tɔ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tau³³/, /tɔ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tau³³/, /tɔ³³/
* tāu - vernacular;
* tō͘ - literary.

#### Definitions

讀
* short pause in reading; part of a sentence; clause
    句讀／句读 ― jùdòu ― periods and commas, sentences and clauses

#### Compounds

* 句讀 / 句读 (jùdòu)

### Further reading

* “讀”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 読 |
| Kyūjitai | 讀 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 読)
* to read
* (とう) phrase, clause, part of a sentence, e.g. 読点 (lit. "clause mark", i.e. comma)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ず (zu)、どく (doku)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)、とく (toku)
* Kun: よむ (yomu, 讀む)

## Korean
### Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 讀 (MC duwk).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 똑〮 (Yale: ttwók) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 독 (twok)$^訓$ (Yale: twok) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [to̞k̚]
* Phonetic hangul: [독]

#### Hanja

Wikisource 讀 (eumhun 읽을 독 (ilgeul dok))
* hanja form of 독 (“to read”)

#### Compounds

* 구독 (購讀, gudok)
* 남독 (濫讀, namdok)
* 낭독 (朗讀, nangdok)
* 다독 (多讀, dadok)
* 독본 (讀本, dokbon)
* 독서 (讀書, dokseo, “reading a book”)
* 독송 (讀誦, doksong)
* 독습 (讀習, dokseup)
* 독음 (讀音, dogeum)
* 독자 (讀者, dokja)
* 독후감 (讀後感, dokhugam)
* 묵독 (默讀, mukdok)
* 속독 (速讀, sokdok)
* 열독 (熱讀, yeoldok)
* 오독 (誤讀, odok)
* 음독 (音讀, eumdok)
* 정독 (精讀, jeongdok)
* 통독 (通讀, tongdok)
* 필독 (必讀, pildok)
* 해독 (解讀, haedok)
* 훈독 (訓讀, hundok)

### Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 讀 (MC duwH).
* Recorded as Middle Korean 뚜ᇢ〮 (Yale: ttwúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

#### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [tu]
* Phonetic hangul: [두]

#### Hanja

讀 (eumhun 구절 두 (gujeol du))
* hanja form of 두 (“short pause in reading, part of a sentence, clause”)

#### Compounds

* 구두 (句讀, gudu, “periods and commas, sentences and clauses”)
* 구두법 (句讀法, gudubeop)
* 구두점 (句讀點, gudujeom, “punctuation mark”)
* 이두 (吏讀, idu)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

讀: Hán Nôm readings: độc, đọc, đậu, đặt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.