# paranoia
## English
### Alternative forms

* paranœa, paranoea (dated)
* paranoïa (hypercorrect)

### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”), from παράνοος (paránoos, “demented”), from παρά (pará, “beyond, beside”) + νόος (nóos, “mind, spirit”).
By surface analysis, para- (“abnormal, beyond”) +‎ nous (“mind”) +‎ -ia (“(medical) condition”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/, /ˌpɛɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/
* Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧noia
* Rhymes: -ɔɪə

### Noun

paranoia (countable and uncountable, plural paranoias or (archaic) paranoiæ)
* The obsolete name for a psychotic disorder, now called delusional disorder, often (in one of 6 subtypes) characterized by delusions of persecution and perceived threat against the individual affected with the disorder, and often associated with false accusations and general mistrust of others
    Antonym: pronoia
* Extreme, irrational distrust of others.

#### Derived terms

* paranoiac
* paranoic
* paranoically
* paranoid
* paranoid schizophrenia

#### Related terms

* See: nous#Related terms
* See: para-#Derived terms

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* “‖Paranoia, paranœa” listed on page 460 of volume VII (O, P) of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles [1st ed., 1909]   ‖Paranoia (pærănoi·ă), paranœa (-nī·ă). Path. [mod.L. a. Gr. παράνοια, f. παράνο-ος distracted, f. παρα- beside + νό-ος, νοῦς mind.] Mental derangement; spec. chronic mental unsoundness characterized by delusions or hallucinations, esp. of grandeur, persecution, etc. [¶; 4 quots.: 1857, 1891, 1892, 1899; ¶] Hence Paranoi·ac, -œ·ac, a. adj. afflicted with paranoia; b. sb.; also Parano·ic, -nœ·ic a. [¶; 3 quots.: 1857, 1892, 1899]

## Catalan
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [pə.ɾəˈnɔ.jə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [pa.ɾaˈnɔ.ja]

### Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoies)
* paranoia

#### Related terms

* paranoic

#### Further reading

* “paranoia” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Czech
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈparanoja]
* Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧noia

### Noun

paranoia f
* paranoia
    Synonym: stihomam

#### Related terms

* paranoidní
* paranoik

### Further reading

* “paranoia”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
* “paranoia”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
* “paranoia”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

## Danish
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

### Noun

paranoia
* paranoia

#### Declension
## Dutch
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌpaː.raːˈnoː.jaː/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧noia

### Noun

paranoia f (uncountable)
* (psychology) paranoia

#### Related terms

* paranoïcus
* paranoïde

### Adjective

paranoia (not comparable)
* (informal) paranoid
    Synonym: paranoïde

## Finnish
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈpɑrɑnoi̯jɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝rɑ̝ˌno̞i̯j(ː)ɑ̝]
* Rhymes: -oijɑ
* Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧noia

### Noun

paranoia
* paranoia (delusion of persecution)
    Synonym: vainoharha
* paranoia (state of being paranoid)
    Synonym: vainoharhaisuus

#### Declension

Possessive forms of paranoia (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) :
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paranoiani
paranoiani
accusative
nom.
paranoiani
paranoiani
gen.
paranoiani
genitive
paranoiani
paranoi'ieni paranoiaini $^{rare}$
partitive
paranoiaani
paranoi'iani
inessive
paranoiassani
paranoi’'issani
elative
paranoiastani
paranoi’'istani
illative
paranoiaani
paranoi'iini
adessive
paranoiallani
paranoi’'illani
ablative
paranoialtani
paranoi’'iltani
allative
paranoialleni
paranoi’'illeni
essive
paranoianani
paranoi'inani
translative
paranoiakseni
paranoi’'ikseni
abessive
paranoiattani
paranoi’'ittani
instructive
comitative
—paranoi'ineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paranoiasi
paranoiasi
accusative
nom.
paranoiasi
paranoiasi
gen.
paranoiasi
genitive
paranoiasi
paranoi'iesi paranoiaisi $^{rare}$
partitive
paranoiaasi
paranoi'iasi
inessive
paranoiassasi
paranoi’'issasi
elative
paranoiastasi
paranoi’'istasi
illative
paranoiaasi
paranoi'iisi
adessive
paranoiallasi
paranoi’'illasi
ablative
paranoialtasi
paranoi’'iltasi
allative
paranoiallesi
paranoi’'illesi
essive
paranoianasi
paranoi'inasi
translative
paranoiaksesi
paranoi’'iksesi
abessive
paranoiattasi
paranoi’'ittasi
instructive
comitative
—paranoi'inesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paranoiamme
paranoiamme
accusative
nom.
paranoiamme
paranoiamme
gen.
paranoiamme
genitive
paranoiamme
paranoi'iemme paranoiaimme $^{rare}$
partitive
paranoiaamme
paranoi'iamme
inessive
paranoiassamme
paranoi’'issamme
elative
paranoiastamme
paranoi’'istamme
illative
paranoiaamme
paranoi'iimme
adessive
paranoiallamme
paranoi’'illamme
ablative
paranoialtamme
paranoi’'iltamme
allative
paranoiallemme
paranoi’'illemme
essive
paranoianamme
paranoi'inamme
translative
paranoiaksemme
paranoi’'iksemme
abessive
paranoiattamme
paranoi’'ittamme
instructive
comitative
—paranoi'inemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paranoianne
paranoianne
accusative
nom.
paranoianne
paranoianne
gen.
paranoianne
genitive
paranoianne
paranoi'ienne paranoiainne $^{rare}$
partitive
paranoiaanne
paranoi'ianne
inessive
paranoiassanne
paranoi’'issanne
elative
paranoiastanne
paranoi’'istanne
illative
paranoiaanne
paranoi'iinne
adessive
paranoiallanne
paranoi’'illanne
ablative
paranoialtanne
paranoi’'iltanne
allative
paranoiallenne
paranoi’'illenne
essive
paranoiananne
paranoi'inanne
translative
paranoiaksenne
paranoi’'iksenne
abessive
paranoiattanne
paranoi’'ittanne
instructive
comitative
—paranoi'inenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
paranoiansa
paranoiansa
accusative
nom.
paranoiansa
paranoiansa
gen.
paranoiansa
genitive
paranoiansa
paranoi'iensa paranoiainsa $^{rare}$
partitive
paranoiaansa
paranoi'iaan paranoi'iansa
inessive
paranoiassaan paranoiassansa
paranoi’'issaan paranoi’'issansa
elative
paranoiastaan paranoiastansa
paranoi’'istaan paranoi’'istansa
illative
paranoiaansa
paranoi'iinsa
adessive
paranoiallaan paranoiallansa
paranoi’'illaan paranoi’'illansa
ablative
paranoialtaan paranoialtansa
paranoi’'iltaan paranoi’'iltansa
allative
paranoialleen paranoiallensa
paranoi’'illeen paranoi’'illensa
essive
paranoianaan paranoianansa
paranoi'inaan paranoi'inansa
translative
paranoiakseen paranoiaksensa
paranoi’'ikseen paranoi’'iksensa
abessive
paranoiattaan paranoiattansa
paranoi’'ittaan paranoi’'ittansa
instructive
comitative
—paranoi'ineen paranoi'inensa :

#### Related terms

* paranoidi

### Further reading

* “paranoia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

## Hungarian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈpɒrɒnojɒ]
* Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧no‧ia
* Rhymes: -jɒ

### Noun

paranoia
* (psychology) paranoia (a psychotic disorder)

#### Derived terms

* paranoiás

### References

* ↑ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

### Further reading

* paranoia in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

## Italian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pa.raˈnɔ.ja/
* Rhymes: -ɔja
* Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧nò‧ia

### Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoie)
* (psychology, figurative) paranoia

#### Related terms

* paranoico
* paranoide

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* paranóia (pre-1990 spelling)

### Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /pa.ɾaˈnɔj.ɐ/ [pa.ɾaˈnɔɪ̯.ɐ]
* (Brazil) IPA: /pa.ɾaˈnɔj.ɐ/ [pa.ɾaˈnɔɪ̯.ɐ]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /pa.ɾaˈnɔj.a/ [pa.ɾaˈnɔɪ̯.a]
* (Portugal) IPA: /pɐ.ɾɐˈnɔj.ɐ/
* Rhymes: -ɔjɐ
* Hyphenation: pa‧ra‧noi‧a

### Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoias)
* paranoia (a psychotic disorder characterised by delusions of persecution)

## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French paranoia.

### Noun

paranoia f (uncountable)
* paranoia

#### Declension
## Spanish
### Alternative forms

* paranoya

### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”). More at paranoia.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /paɾaˈnoja/ [pa.ɾaˈno.ja]
* Rhymes: -oja
* Syllabification: pa‧ra‧no‧ia

### Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoias)
* paranoia

#### Derived terms

* paranoico
* paranoide

#### Further reading

* “paranoia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
* paranoya | Palabra de observatorio | Real Academia Española (rae.es)
* emparanoyarse | Palabra de observatorio | Real Academia Española (rae.es)
* emparanoiarse | Palabra de observatorio | Real Academia Española (rae.es)
* ¿Se escribe «emparanoiarse» o «emparanoyarse»? | Duda lingüística | Real Academia Española (rae.es)

## Swedish
### Noun

paranoia c
* paranoia (psychiatric illness)
* paranoia (being paranoid)

#### Related terms

* paranoid

#### See also

* förföljelsemani
* noja

### References

* paranoia in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* paranoia in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* Svensk MeSH