# 蠻

| 蠻 | U+883B, &#34875; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-883B |
| ← 蠺 [U+883A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 蠼 → [U+883C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

蠻 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+19, 25 strokes, cangjie input 女火中一戈 (VFLMI), four-corner 2213$_6$, composition ⿱龻虫)

#### Derived characters

* 䂅 𢦈 𢺳(𪮳) 𥾃 𧖣 𧖦(𬠱) 𪈿 𱏣

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1104, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33914
* Dae Jaweon: page 1567, character 18
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2909, character 21
* Unihan data for U+883B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蠻 | *mroːn |
| 矕 | *mroːnʔ |
| 變 | *prons |
| 鸞 | *b·roːn |
| 巒 | *b·roːn |
| 灤 | *b·roːn |
| 欒 | *b·roːn |
| 鑾 | *b·roːn |
| 臠 | *b·roːn, *b·ronʔ |
| 羉 | *b·roːn |
| 䜌 | *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons |
| 灓 | *b·roːn, *b·roːns, *b·rons |
| 圝 | *b·roːn |
| 曫 | *b·roːn |
| 孿 | *smroːns, *smrons |
| 彎 | *qroːn |
| 灣 | *qroːn |
| 攣 | *b·ron |
| 孌 | *b·ronʔ, *b·rons |
| 戀 | *b·rons |
| 㪻 | *pʰlons, *klons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mroːn): phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 虫 (“snake”).

### Etymology

Possibly related to Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma, “Myanmar; Burma; Burmese”), Tibetan བྲན (bran, “servant, slave”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mán (man$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maan$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): man$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): màn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): man$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): man$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): màng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mang$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$me / $^2$me / $^1$me
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): man$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mán
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mán
*** Wade–Giles: man$^2$
*** Yale: mán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: man
*** Palladius: мань (manʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /män³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maan$^4$
*** Yale: màahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: man$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /maːn²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: man$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /man⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: màn
*** Hakka Romanization System: man$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: man$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /man¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: man$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /man¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: man$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /mæ̃¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: màng
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bân
*** Tâi-lô: bân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: baan
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ban²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ban²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ban¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ban²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ban²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâng
*** Sinological IPA : /maŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$me
*** MiniDict: me$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$me
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /me²³/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^2$me
*** MiniDict: me$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /me²²³/
** (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$me
*** MiniDict: 'me$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$'me
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /me⁵³/
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /me⁴⁴/
* $^1$me - “very; quite”.
* Middle Chinese: maen
Rime :
| Character | 蠻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (69) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 莫還切 |
| Baxter | maen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠan/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /man/ |
| Wang Li | /man/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /man/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤro[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mroːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蠻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ maen › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁro[n]/ |
| English | southern foreigner |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蠻 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8610 |
| Phonetic component |  |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蠻 |
| Old Chinese | /*mroːn/ |
| Notes | 金文作 |

### Definitions

蠻
* (historical, derogatory) A collective name for all non-Han ethnic groups south of Han areas of China in any given era.
    南蠻／南蛮 ― nánmán ― the Southern barbarians
* barbarous; savage; uncivilised
* rough; rude; unreasonable
    野蠻／野蛮 ― yěmán ― uncivilised; rude and unreasonable
* rash; hot-headed
* valiantly; uncouthly; vulgarly
    胡攪蠻纏／胡搅蛮缠 ― hújiǎománchán ― to pester somebody endlessly
* (colloquial) very; quite
    蠻好吃／蛮好吃 ― mán hǎochī ― pretty tasty
    蠻好食／蛮好食 [Waxiang] ― [man¹³ xau²⁵ ʑiəɯ¹³] [IPA] ― pretty tasty
       $^6$non $^5$hau $^0$va $^6$ngu $^1$me $^5$hau [Wugniu]
       How are you? I'm very well.

#### Quotations

* For quotations using this term, see Citations:蠻.

#### Synonyms

* (rash):
* 倉磅 / 仓磅 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 倉莽 / 仓莽 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 冒失 (màoshī)
* 冒昧 (màomèi) (humble, of oneself)
* 唐突 (tángtū)
* 愣
* 莽夫 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 莽撞 (mǎngzhuàng)
* 魯莽 / 鲁莽 (lǔmǎng)
* (very):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 甚, 孔 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 很, 非常, 十分 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 很 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 很, 蠻, 非常 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 挺, 楞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 很, 好 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 很 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蠻, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蠻, 稀, 很 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 很 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好, 非常之 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 好, 十分之 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 好 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 好 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 好, 非常之, 非常 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 好 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 好 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頂 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 好 |
| Hakka | Changting | 野 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 已, 刮 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 樣 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 好 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 蠻 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋, 盡, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 盡, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 已, 還 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 足, 真, 實在 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 好 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Bao'an) | 好 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 很 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 好 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 很, 挺 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 盡 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 野, 真 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 真 |
| Eastern Min | Sitiawan (Gutian) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 真 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 野, 萬代 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 真, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 誠, 蓋, 足 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 足, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 真, 誠 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 真, 誠, 真正 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 過, 好, 非常, 死爸 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 好, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 好, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 好 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 真, 死爸, 非常 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 極, 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 但顧 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 但顧, 真 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 但顧, 真 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 好, 蠻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated |
| Wu | Suzhou | 蠻, 窮 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蠻, 蒙, 顯 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 很, 蠻 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 蠻 |

### Compounds

* 乃蠻 / 乃蛮
* 刁蠻 / 刁蛮 (diāomán)
* 南蠻 / 南蛮 (Nánmán)
* 南蠻子 / 南蛮子 (nánmánzi)
* 南蠻鴃舌 / 南蛮𫛞舌 (nánmánjuéshé)
* 小蠻 / 小蛮
* 拗蠻 / 拗蛮 (àomán)
* 橫蠻 / 横蛮 (hèngmán)
* 橫蠻無理 / 横蛮无理 (hèngmánwúlǐ)
* 獅蠻 / 狮蛮 (shīmán)
* 百蠻 / 百蛮
* 綿蠻 / 绵蛮 (miánmán)
* 胡攪蠻纏 / 胡搅蛮缠 (hújiǎománchán)
* 荊蠻 / 荆蛮 (Jīngmán)
* 蒲蠻 / 蒲蛮
* 蠻不講理 / 蛮不讲理 (mánbùjiǎnglǐ)
* 蠻人 / 蛮人 (mánrén)
* 蠻做 / 蛮做
* 蠻力 / 蛮力 (mánlì)
* 蠻口 / 蛮口
* 蠻夷 / 蛮夷 (mányí)
* 蠻夷戎狄 / 蛮夷戎狄 (mányí róngdí)
* 蠻奴 / 蛮奴
* 蠻子 / 蛮子 (mánzi)
* 蠻幹 / 蛮干 (mángàn)
* 蠻族 / 蛮族 (mánzú)
* 蠻書 / 蛮书
* 蠻橫 / 蛮横 (mánhèng)
* 蠻江 / 蛮江
* 蠻牋 / 蛮笺
* 蠻牛 / 蛮牛
* 蠻皮 / 蛮皮 (mánpí)
* 蠻箋 / 蛮笺
* 蠻纏 / 蛮缠 (mánchán)
* 蠻聲哈剌 / 蛮声哈剌
* 蠻腰 / 蛮腰
* 蠻荒 / 蛮荒 (mánhuāng)
* 蠻蠻 / 蛮蛮
* 蠻觸 / 蛮触
* 蠻觸之爭 / 蛮触之争
* 蠻觸相爭 / 蛮触相争
* 蠻話 / 蛮话
* 蠻貊 / 蛮貊
* 蠻針瞎灸 / 蛮针瞎灸 (mánzhēnxiājiǔ)
* 蠻靴 / 蛮靴
* 觸蠻 / 触蛮
* 野蠻 / 野蛮 (yěmán)

### References

* “蠻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 蛮 |
| Kyūjitai | 蠻 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 蛮)
* barbarian

#### Readings

* Go-on: めん (men)
* Kan-on: ばん (ban)
* Kun: えびす (ebisu)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 蠻 (MC maen).
Historical Readings :
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading |||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 만 (Yale: màn) | 만 (Yale: màn) |
| Middle Korean |||
| Text | Eumhun | Eumhun |
| Text | Gloss (hun) | Reading |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 되〯 (Yale: twǒy) | 만 (Yale: màn) |

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ma̠n]
* Phonetic hangul: [만]

### Hanja

Wikisource 蠻 (eumhun 오랑캐 만 (orangkae man))
* hanja form of 만 (“barbarian”)

#### Compounds

* 남만 (南蠻, namman)
* 만이 (蠻夷, mani)
* 만인 (蠻人, manin)
* 만족 (蠻族, manjok)
* 만행 (蠻行, manhaeng)
* 야만 (野蠻, yaman)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

蠻: Hán Nôm readings: man, mán, mơn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.