# 充電
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chōngdiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cung$^1$ din$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): cuung$^1$ en$^5$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhûng-thien
    (Hailu, HRS): chung$^ˋ$ tien$^˖$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): coeng$^1$ deng$^5$ / cyeng$^1$ deng$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiong-tiān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cong$^1$ diêng$^6$ / cong$^1$ diang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tshon $^6$di
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chōngdiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chongdiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻung$^1$-tien$^4$
*** Yale: chūng-dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chongdiann
*** Palladius: чундянь (čundjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cung$^1$ din$^6$
*** Yale: chūng dihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsung$^1$ din$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cung$^1$ din$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tiːn²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: cuung$^1$ en$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵŋ³³ en³²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng-thien
*** Hakka Romanization System: cung$^ˊ$ tien
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cung$^1$ tian$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi̯en⁵⁵/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: chung$^ˋ$ tien$^˖$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰuŋ⁵³ tʰien³³/
* Puxian Min
** (Putian)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: coeng$^1$ deng$^5$ [Phonetic: coeng$^2$ deng$^5$]
*** Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: che̤ng-dēng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ tɛŋ²¹/
** (Xianyou)
*** Pouseng Ping'ing: cyeng$^1$ deng$^5$ [Phonetic: cyeng$^2$ deng$^5$]
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ tɛŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong-tiān
*** Tâi-lô: tshiong-tiān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiongdien
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ tiɛn⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: cong$^1$ diêng$^6$ / cong$^1$ diang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshong tiĕng / tshong tiăng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰoŋ³³⁻²³ tieŋ³⁵/, /t͡sʰoŋ³³⁻²³ tiaŋ³⁵/
* cong1 diêng6 - Chaozhou;
* cong1 diang6 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.

### Verb

充⫽電 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to charge; to recharge (a battery or electronic device)
    充電器／充电器 ― chōngdiànqì ― charger
       Jīntiān wǒ yòu wàng le chōng wǒ shǒujī de diàn. [Pinyin]
       Today I forgot to charge my cellphone again.
* (figuratively) to rest and recuperate; to recharge one's batteries
** 2020, “時光倒流一句話 [Regret]”, 黃偉文 [Wyman Wong] (lyrics), 林家謙 [Terence Lam] (music)‎performed by 林家謙 [Terence Lam]:
       jyu$^4$ soeng$^4$ dei$^6$ jiu$^1$ joek$^3$ nei$^5$ heoi$^3$ lok$^6$ gei$^1$ saan$^1$ do$^1$ nou$^5$ ho$^4$, jau$^1$ gaa$^3$ cung$^1$ din$^6$ [Jyutping]
       invite you to the Rocky Mountains and the Danube to go on a vacation and recharge as usual
* (figuratively) to study to acquire more knowledge

#### Synonyms

* (to charge):
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 充電 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 充電 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 充電 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 充電 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 叉電, 充電 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 充電 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 充電 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 充電 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 充電 |

#### Derived terms

* 充電器 / 充电器 (chōngdiànqì)
* 充電寶 / 充电宝 (chōngdiànbǎo)
* 充電樁 / 充电桩 (chōngdiànzhuāng)
* 充電機 / 充电机
* 充電線 / 充电线 (chōngdiànxiàn)
* 充電陷阱 / 充电陷阱 (chōngdiàn xiànjǐng)
* 充電頭 / 充电头 (chōngdiàntóu)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 充 | 電 |
| じゅう Grade: S | でん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じゅうでん [jùúdéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑɨːdẽ̞ɴ]

### Noun

充(じゅう)電(でん) • (jūden)
* electrical charging

#### Derived terms

* 充(じゅう)電(でん)器(き) (jūdenki, “electrical charger”)
* 充(じゅう)電(でん)池(ち) (jūdenchi, “rechargeable battery”)

### Verb

充(じゅう)電(でん)する • (jūden suru) suru (stem 充(じゅう)電(でん)し (jūden shi), past 充(じゅう)電(でん)した (jūden shita))
* to charge or recharge (a battery or an electronic device)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 充電し | じゅうでんし | jūden shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 充電し | じゅうでんし | jūden shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 充電する | じゅうでんする | jūden suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 充電する | じゅうでんする | jūden suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 充電すれ | じゅうでんすれ | jūden sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 充電せよ¹ 充電しろ² | じゅうでんせよ¹ じゅうでんしろ² | jūden seyo¹ jūden shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 充電される | じゅうでんされる | jūden sareru |
| Causative | 充電させる 充電さす | じゅうでんさせる じゅうでんさす | jūden saseru jūden sasu |
| Potential | 充電できる | じゅうでんできる | jūden dekiru |
| Volitional | 充電しよう | じゅうでんしよう | jūden shiyō |
| Negative | 充電しない | じゅうでんしない | jūden shinai |
| Negative continuative | 充電せず | じゅうでんせず | jūden sezu |
| Formal | 充電します | じゅうでんします | jūden shimasu |
| Perfective | 充電した | じゅうでんした | jūden shita |
| Conjunctive | 充電して | じゅうでんして | jūden shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 充電すれば | じゅうでんすれば | jūden sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN