# 紡

| 紡 | U+7D21, &#32033; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D21 |
| ← 素 [U+7D20] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 索 → [U+7D22] |

## Translingual
### Han character

紡 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女火卜竹尸 (VFYHS), four-corner 2092$_7$, composition ⿰糹方)

#### Derived characters

* 鶭

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27305
* Dae Jaweon: page 1349, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3376, character 10
* Unihan data for U+7D21

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 縍 | *paːŋ |
| 榜 | *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 蒡 | *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ |
| 牓 | *paːŋʔ |
| 螃 | *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ |
| 搒 | *paːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 舫 | *paːŋs, *paŋs |
| 謗 | *paːŋs |
| 雱 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 磅 | *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ |
| 霶 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 滂 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 鎊 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 髈 | *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ |
| 彷 | *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ |
| 趽 | *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs |
| 房 | *baːŋ, *baŋ |
| 篣 | *baːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 騯 | *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 傍 | *baːŋ, *baːŋs |
| 膀 | *baːŋ |
| 旁 | *baːŋ |
| 徬 | *baːŋs |
| 閍 | *praːŋ |
| 祊 | *praːŋ |
| 嗙 | *praːŋ |
| 方 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 汸 | *paŋ |
| 坊 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 邡 | *paŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 枋 | *paŋ |
| 鈁 | *paŋ |
| 蚄 | *paŋ |
| 肪 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 鴋 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 牥 | *paŋ |
| 昉 | *paŋʔ |
| 瓬 | *paŋʔ |
| 放 | *paŋʔ, *paŋs |
| 倣 | *paŋʔ |
| 芳 | *pʰaŋ |
| 淓 | *pʰaŋ |
| 妨 | *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 紡 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 仿 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 髣 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 鶭 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 訪 | *pʰaŋs |
| 防 | *baŋ, *baŋs |
| 魴 | *baŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰaŋʔ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ).

### Etymology 1

Compare Tibetan ཕང (phang, “spindle”) and Burmese ဝင့် (wang., “to spin (cotton)”) (STEDT); these are all from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋʔ (“to spin, spindle”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fǎng (fang$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fóng / pióng
    (Hailu, HRS): fong$^ˊ$ / piong$^ˊ$
* Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pang$^3$ / horng$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pháng / hóng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pang$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$fan
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fǎng
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^3$
*** Yale: fǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faang
*** Palladius: фан (fan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^2$
*** Yale: fóng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fóng / pióng
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong$^ˋ$ / biong$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fong$^3$ / biong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ³¹/, /pi̯oŋ³¹/
** (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong$^ˊ$ / piong$^ˊ$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴/, /pʰioŋ²⁴/
* Sixian:
** fóng - literary;
** pióng - vernacular.
* Hailu:
** fongˊ - literary;
** piongˊ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: phjangX
Rime :
| Character | 紡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 妃兩切 |
| Baxter | phjangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰʉɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰʷiɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰiuɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰuaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰiuaŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭwaŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /pʰiwaŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰaŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 紡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fǎng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ phjang$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰaŋʔ/ |
| English | twist, spin |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 紡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3044 |
| Phonetic component | 方 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 髣 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰaŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

紡
* to spin; to reel; to weave
* reeled pongee

#### Compounds

* 棉紡 / 棉纺 (miánfǎng)
* 毛紡 / 毛纺 (máofǎng)
* 混紡 / 混纺 (hùnfǎng)
* 粗紡 / 粗纺
* 紡大 / 纺大 (Fǎngdà)
* 紡染 / 纺染
* 紡棉花 / 纺棉花
* 紡紗 / 纺纱 (fǎngshā)
* 紡綢 / 纺绸
* 紡線 / 纺线
* 紡績 / 纺绩 (fǎngjì)
* 紡縳 / 纺䌸
* 紡績井臼 / 纺绩井臼
* 紡績器 / 纺绩器
* 紡織 / 纺织 (fǎngzhī)
* 紡織品 / 纺织品 (fǎngzhīpǐn)
* 紡織娘 / 纺织娘 (fǎngzhīniáng)
* 紡織廠 / 纺织厂 (fǎngzhīchǎng)
* 紡織業 / 纺织业 (fǎngzhīyè)
* 紡織機 / 纺织机 (fǎngzhījī)
* 紡纖 / 纺纤
* 紡車 / 纺车 (fǎngchē)
* 紡錘 / 纺锤 (fǎngchuí)
* 紡錠 / 纺锭 (fǎngdìng)
* 紡錘蟲 / 纺锤虫
* 紡錘體 / 纺锤体 (fǎngchuítǐ)
* 細紡 / 细纺
* 針黹紡績 / 针黹纺绩
* 雪紡 / 雪纺 (xuěfǎng, “chiffon”)
* 麻紡 / 麻纺

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 紡 – see 綁 (“to bind; to tie; to fasten”). (This character is a variant form of 綁).

### References

* “紡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* to spin; to make yarn
* to spin (a tale); to assemble (e.g. words); to put together

#### Readings

* Go-on: ほう (hō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kan’yō-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
* Kun: つむぐ (tsumugu, 紡ぐ, Jōyō)

### Compounds

* 紡機(ぼうき) (bōki)
* 紡糸(ぼうし) (bōshi)
* 紡織(ぼうしょく) (bōshoku)
* 紡績(ぼうせき) (bōseki)
* 紡錘(ぼうすい) (bōsui)
* 紡毛(ぼうもう) (bōmō), 紡毛糸(ぼうもうし) (bōmōshi)
* 混紡(こんぼう) (konbō)
* 綿紡(めんぼう) (menbō), 綿紡績(めんぼうせき) (menbōseki)

## Korean
### Hanja

紡 (eum 방 (bang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Chữ Hán

紡: Hán Nôm readings: phưởng, vưởng, vướng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.