# 計算
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìsuàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gai$^3$ syun$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kie-son / ki-son
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kè-sǹg / kè-sùiⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìsuàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìsuàn
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$-suan$^4$
*** Yale: jì-swàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihsuann
*** Palladius: цзисуань (czisuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯än⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gai$^3$ syun$^3$
*** Yale: gai syun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gai$^3$ syn$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gei$^3$ xun$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐi̯³³ syːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kie-son
*** Hakka Romanization System: gie son
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gie$^4$ son$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯e⁵⁵ son⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki-son
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi son
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^4$ son$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵ son⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-sǹg
*** Tâi-lô: kè-sǹg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: keasngx
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ke²¹⁻⁴¹ sŋ̍²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ke²¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-sùiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kè-suìnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: keasvuix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ke²¹⁻⁵³ suĩ²¹/

### Verb

計算
* (mathematics, computing) to calculate; to compute
    計算方法／计算方法 ― jìsuàn fāngfǎ ― computational methods
    並行計算／并行计算 ― bìngxíng jìsuàn ― parallel computing
       Tiānqì yùbào lǐ xuě de hòudù shì zěnme jìsuàn de? [Pinyin]
       How is the thickness of snow calculated in weather forecasts?
* to consider
* to plan; to scheme; to plot

#### Synonyms

* (to calculate):
* 合算 (hésuàn)
* 推算 (tuīsuàn)
* 摟 / 搂 (lōu) (regional, figurative)
* 會計 / 会计 (kuàijì) (Classical Chinese)
* 核算 (hésuàn)
* 核計 / 核计 (héjì)
* 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
* 計量 / 计量
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 算, 計算, 計數 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 算 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 算 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 算 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 算 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 算 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 算 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 算 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 算 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 算 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 計 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 計 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 計 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 計 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 計 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 算 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 算 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 算 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 算 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 算 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 算 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 算 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 算 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 算 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 算 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 算 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 算 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 算 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 算 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 算 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 算 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 算 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 算 |
* (to consider):
* 冥思 (míngsī)
* 冥想 (míngxiǎng)
* 品味 (pǐnwèi)
* 尋味 / 寻味 (xúnwèi)
* 尋思 / 寻思
* 念 (niàn)
* 思 (literary, or in compounds)
* 思想 (sīxiǎng)
* 思慮 / 思虑 (sīlǜ)
* 思索 (sīsuǒ)
* 思維 / 思维 (sīwéi)
* 思考 (sīkǎo)
* 思裁 (si$^1$ cai$^2$) (Sichuanese)
* 思量 (sīliáng)
* 慎思 (shènsī)
* 掂掇 (diānduo) (colloquial)
* 推敲 (tuīqiāo)
* 掂量 (diānliáng)
* 揣摩 (chuǎimó)
* 斟酌 (zhēnzhuó) (figuratively)
* 沉思 (chénsī)
* 深思 (shēnsī)
* 照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
* 玩味 (wánwèi)
* 玩弄 (Classical Chinese)
* 琢磨 (zuómo)
* 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
* 考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
* 苦思 (kǔsī)
* 著想 / 着想 (zhuóxiǎng)
* 計較 / 计较
* 設想 / 设想 (shèxiǎng)
* 顧全 / 顾全 (gùquán)
* 顧及 / 顾及 (gùjí)
* (to plan):
* 作計 / 作计 (zuòjì) (literary)
* 打算 (dǎsuàn)
* 拍算 (phah-sǹg) (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 拍達 / 拍达 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 按算 (Hokkien)
* 擬 / 拟 (nǐ)
* 派胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 準備 / 准备 (zhǔnbèi)
* 營為 / 营为 (Hokkien)
* 盤算 / 盘算
* 策劃 / 策划 (cèhuà)
* 策動 / 策动 (cèdòng)
* 算 (suàn)
* 算打 (sáung-dā) (Eastern Min)
* 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
* 籌劃 / 筹划 (chóuhuà)
* 考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
* 規 / 规 (literary, or in compounds)
* 規劃 / 规划 (guīhuà)
* 計劃 / 计划 (jìhuà)
* 設 / 设 (shè)
* 設施 / 设施 (shèshī) (literary)
* 試圖 / 试图 (shìtú)
* 謀劃 / 谋划 (móuhuà)

#### Derived terms

* 分佈式計算 / 分布式计算 (fēnbùshì jìsuàn)
* 計算化學 / 计算化学 (jìsuàn huàxué)
* 計算器 / 计算器 (jìsuànqì)
* 計算尺 / 计算尺 (jìsuànchǐ)
* 計算機 / 计算机 (jìsuànjī)
* 超級計算 / 超级计算 (chāojí jìsuàn)
* 量子計算 / 量子计算 (liàngzǐ jìsuàn)
* 雲計算 / 云计算 (yúnjìsuàn)

#### See also

* 得出 (déchū)
* 推導／推导 (tuīdǎo)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 計 | 算 |
| けい Grade: 2 | さん Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けーさん [kèésáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ke̞ːsã̠ɴ]

### Noun

計(けい)算(さん) • (keisan)
* calculation
* forecast

#### Derived terms

* 計算器
* 計算高い
* 計算式

### Verb

計(けい)算(さん)する • (keisan suru) suru (stem 計(けい)算(さん)し (keisan shi), past 計(けい)算(さん)した (keisan shita))
* to calculate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 計算し | けいさんし | keisan shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 計算し | けいさんし | keisan shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 計算する | けいさんする | keisan suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 計算する | けいさんする | keisan suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 計算すれ | けいさんすれ | keisan sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 計算せよ¹ 計算しろ² | けいさんせよ¹ けいさんしろ² | keisan seyo¹ keisan shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 計算される | けいさんされる | keisan sareru |
| Causative | 計算させる 計算さす | けいさんさせる けいさんさす | keisan saseru keisan sasu |
| Potential | 計算できる | けいさんできる | keisan dekiru |
| Volitional | 計算しよう | けいさんしよう | keisan shiyō |
| Negative | 計算しない | けいさんしない | keisan shinai |
| Negative continuative | 計算せず | けいさんせず | keisan sezu |
| Formal | 計算します | けいさんします | keisan shimasu |
| Perfective | 計算した | けいさんした | keisan shita |
| Conjunctive | 計算して | けいさんして | keisan shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 計算すれば | けいさんすれば | keisan sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 計 | 算 |

### Noun

計算 • (gyesan) (hangeul 계산)
* hanja form of 계산 (“calculation”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 計 | 算 |

### Noun

計算
* chữ Hán form of kế toán (“accounting”).