# やすむ
## Japanese

* Alternative spellings
* 休む 息む

### Etymology

Cognate with the adjective やすい (yasui).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) やすむ [yàsúꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ja̠sɨmɯ̟]

### Verb

やすむ • (yasumu) intransitive godan (stem やすみ (yasumi), past やすんだ (yasunda))
Japanese verb pair :
| active | やすめる |
| mediopassive | やすむ |
* to rest
    そこで休(やす)んだらどうだ。
       Soko de yasun dara dō da.
       Why don't you rest there?
* to sleep
    彼(かれ)はもう休(やす)んでいる。
       Kare wa mō yasunde iru.
       He has already gone to bed.
* to be absent (from)
    彼(かの)女(じょ)は学(がっ)校(こう)を休(やす)んだ。
       Kanojo wa gakkō o yasunda.
       She was absent from school.
* to suspend; to be dormant
    あの工(こう)場(じょう)は操(そう)業(ぎょう)を休(やす)んでいる。
       Ano kōjō wa sōgyō o yasunde iru.
       That factory has stopped operating.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | やすま | yasuma |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | やすみ | yasumi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | やすむ | yasumu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | やすむ | yasumu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | やすめ | yasume |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | やすめ | yasume |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | やすまれる | yasumareru |
| Causative | やすませる やすます | yasumaseru yasumasu |
| Potential | やすめる | yasumeru |
| Volitional | やすもう | yasumō |
| Negative | やすまない | yasumanai |
| Negative continuative | やすまず | yasumazu |
| Formal | やすみます | yasumimasu |
| Perfective | やすんだ | yasunda |
| Conjunctive | やすんで | yasunde |
| Hypothetical conditional | やすめば | yasumeba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | やすま | やすま | yasuma |
| Continuative (連用形) | やすみ | やすみ | yasumi |
| Terminal (終止形) | やすむ | やすむ | yasumu |
| Attributive (連体形) | やすむ | やすむ | yasumu |
| Realis (已然形) | やすめ | やすめ | yasume |
| Imperative (命令形) | やすめ | やすめ | yasume |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | やすまず | やすまず | yasumazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | やすめど | やすめど | yasumedo |
| Causal conjunction | やすめば | やすめば | yasumeba |
| Conditional conjunction | やすまば | やすまば | yasumaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | やすみき | やすみき | yasumiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | やすみけり | やすみけり | yasumikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | やすみつ | やすみつ | yasumitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | やすみぬ | やすみぬ | yasuminu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | やすめり やすみたり | やすめり やすみたり | yasumeri yasumitari |
| Volitional | やすまむ | やすまむ | yasumamu |

#### Synonyms

* (to rest): 休(きゅう)憩(けい)する (kyūkei suru)
* (to sleep): 寝(ね)る (neru), 就(しゅう)寝(しん)する (shūshin suru)
* (to be absent): 欠(けっ)席(せき)する (kesseki suru)
* (to be dormant): 休(きゅう)止(し)する (kyūshi suru)

#### Related terms

* 休(やす)み (yasumi) (noun)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN