# عقل
## Arabic
### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaql/

#### Noun

عَقْل • (ʕaql) m (plural عُقُول (ʕuqūl))
* verbal noun of عَقَلَ (ʕaqala, “to be reasonable”) (form I)
* understanding, reason, wisdom, sound judgment, sense
    حَدِّثِ الْعَاقِلَ بِمَا لَا يَلِيقُ، فَإِنْ صَدَّقَ فَلَا عَقْلَ لَهُ.ḥaddiṯi l-ʕāqila bimā lā yalīqu, faʔin ṣaddaqa falā ʕaqla lahu.Tell the intelligent man what does not befit him and if he deems it credible he has no sense.
* mind, intellect
* (Christianity) Holy Ghost

##### Descendants

* Gulf Arabic: عقل (ʕagiḷ)
* Maltese: għaqal
* → Adyghe: акъыл (aqəl)
* → Azerbaijani: ağıl
* → Bashkir: аҡыл (aqıl)
* → Crimean Tatar: aqıl
* → Gagauz: akıl
* → Kabardian: акъыл (aqəl)
* → Karakalpak: aqıl
* → Kazakh: ақыл (aqyl)
* → Khakas: ағыл (ağıl)
* → Khalaj: aqıl
* → Northern Kurdish: aqil
    → Lishana Deni: עאקל (‘āqəl, “mind, intelligence, wisdom”)
* → Kyrgyz: акыл (akıl)
* → Malay: akal
** > Indonesian: akal (inherited)
** → Javanese: ꦲꦏꦭ꧀ (akal)
** → Ternate: akal
* → Nogai: акъыл (ak”ıl)
* → Ottoman Turkish: عقل (ʼakl, ʼakıl)
** Turkish: akıl
** → Bulgarian: акъ́л (akǎ́l)
** → Macedonian: акал (akal)
** → Ubykh: аӄыл (aqəl)
* → Classical Persian: عقل ('aql) (see there for further descendants)
* → Shor: ағыл
* → Swahili: akili
* → Sylheti: ꠀꠇꠟ (axol)
* → Tatar: акыл (aqıl)
* → Turkmen: akyl
* → Talysh: ağl
* → Uzbek: aql
* → Zazaki: aqil

### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.qa.la/

#### Verb

عَقَلَ • (ʕaqala) I (non-past يَعْقِلُ (yaʕqilu), verbal noun عَقْل (ʕaql))
* to be reasonable, to make sense

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaq.qa.la/

#### Verb

عَقَّلَ • (ʕaqqala) II (non-past يُعَقِّلُ (yuʕaqqilu), verbal noun تَعْقِيل (taʕqīl))
* to make reasonable

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaql/

#### Noun

عَقْل • (ʕaql) m (plural عُقُول (ʕuqūl))
* asylum
* fortress

##### Declension
### Etymology 2.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.qa.la/

#### Verb

عَقَلَ • (ʕaqala) I (non-past يَعْقِلُ (yaʕqilu), verbal noun عَقَل (ʕaqal) or عُقُول (ʕuqūl))
* to make oneself inaccessible in a high mountain, to betake oneself for refuge

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.3
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.qal/

#### Noun

عَقَل • (ʕaqal) m
* verbal noun of عَقَلَ (ʕaqala, “to find refuge in a high mountain”) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 3.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaql/

#### Noun

عَقْل • (ʕaql) m (plural عُقُول (ʕuqūl))
* verbal noun of عَقَلَ (ʕaqala, “to renounce revenge for wergild”) (form I)
* bloodwite, wergild, blood money

##### Declension
### Etymology 3.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.qa.la/

#### Verb

عَقَلَ • (ʕaqala) I (non-past يَعْقِلُ (yaʕqilu), verbal noun عَقْل (ʕaql))
* to renounce revenge for wergild, to relinquish retaliation of blood

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.qa.la/

#### Verb

عَقَلَ • (ʕaqala) I (non-past يَعْقِلُ (yaʕqilu), verbal noun عَقْل (ʕaql))
* to hobble, to tie with the rope عِقَال (ʕiqāl)

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaql/

#### Noun

عَقْل • (ʕaql) m (plural عُقُول (ʕuqūl))
* verbal noun of عَقَلَ (ʕaqala, “to hobble”) (form I)

### Etymology 4.3
#### Verb

عَقِلَ • (ʕaqila) I (non-past يَعْقَلُ (yaʕqalu), verbal noun عَقَل (ʕaqal))
* to have a twisting in the hind leg

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 4.4
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.qal/

#### Noun

عَقَل • (ʕaqal) m
* verbal noun of عَقِلَ (ʕaqila, “to have a twisting in the hind leg”) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 5.1
#### Verb

عَقَلَ • (ʕaqala) I (non-past يَعْقِلُ (yaʕqilu), verbal noun عَقْل (ʕaql))
* to pasture upon camelthorn (عَاقُول (ʕāqūl))

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 5.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaql/

#### Noun

عَقْل • (ʕaql) m (plural عُقُول (ʕuqūl))
* verbal noun of عَقَلَ (ʕaqala, “to pasture upon camelthorn”) (form I)

## Gojri
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَقْل (aql), from Arabic عَقْل (ʕaql).

### Noun

عَقَل ('aqal) f
* intelligence, wisdom, sense

### Further reading

* Dr Rafique Anjum (2018) Concise Gojri-Kashmiri-English Dictionary, New Delhi: Adam Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, page 310.
* Javaid Rahi (2015) “عَقلْ”, in گوجری ڈکشنری [Gojri Dictionary] (in Gojri), page 663, column 2.

## Gulf Arabic
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Arabic عَقْل (ʕaql)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.ɡɪɫ/

#### Noun

عَقِل • (ʕagiḷ) m (before il- عَقْل (ʕagḷ), plural عقول (ʕgūḷ))
* mind, brain
* (figuratively) logic, reason
    الله بالعقل عرفناهWe know God (exists) by logic and reason ((used to state that something is obvious)(literally, “God with the mind we knew him”)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕɪ.ɡəɫ/

#### Verb

عِقَل • (ʕigaḷ) (non-past يعقل (yaʕgiḷ, yʕagiḷ))
* to become reasonable, to mature mentally
    يكبر ويعقل ― yikbar u-yaʕgiḷ ― He'll become wise as/when he grows up (common saying)

## Hijazi Arabic
### Etymology 1

From Arabic عَقْل (ʕaql).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕa.ɡil/, [ʕa.ɡɪl]

#### Noun

عقل • (ʕagil) m (construct state عَقْل (ʕagl), plural عُقُول (ʕugūl))
* understanding, reason, wisdom, sound judgment
* mind
    Synonym: مُخّ (muḵḵ)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic عَقَلَ (ʕaqala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕi.ɡil/, [ʕɪ.ɡɪl]

#### Verb

عِقِل • (ʕigil) I (non-past يِعْقَل (yiʕgal))
* to mature
* to be reasonable

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Arabic عَقَّلَ (ʕaqqala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕaɡ.ɡal/

#### Verb

عَقَّل • (ʕaggal) II (non-past يِعَقِّل (yiʕaggil))
* to make reasonable

##### Conjugation
## Khalaj
### Noun

عَقِل (aqıl) (definite accusative عَقلؽ, plural عَقِللار)
* Arabic spelling of aqıl (“intellect”)

#### Declension
## Moroccan Arabic
### Etymology

From Arabic عَقَلَ (ʕaqala).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʕqal/

### Verb

عقل • (ʕqal) I (non-past يعقل (yiʕqal))
* to remember

#### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَقْل (ʕaql, “understanding, reason, mind”).

### Noun

عقل • (akl or akıl) (definite accusative عقلی (aklı), plural عقول (ukul))
* reason, intelligence, intellect, the faculty of thinking, judging, abstract reasoning, and conceptual understanding
    Synonym: ذهن (zihn, zihin)
* wisdom, wiseness, sapience, the ability to contemplate and act productively using knowledge, experience and insight
    Synonym: حكمت (hikmet)
* judgment, discernment, discretion, common sense, the power or faculty of making decisions in a right, just, or wisely way
    Synonyms: ادراك (idrak), اوص (us), هوش (huş)
* mind, the non-material substance or set of processes in which perception, judgement, thinking, and will are based
    Synonyms: اوص (us), خاطر (hatır), ذهن (zihn, zihin)

#### Derived terms

* عقل آلمق (akıl almak, “to grasp, comprehend”)
* عقل انسانی (akıl insanı, “human mind”)
* عقل اوكرتمك (akıl öğretmek, “to teach the best thing to do”)
* عقل ایرمك (akıl ermek, “to grasp, comprehend”)
* عقل بالغ (akl-ı baliğ, “adult person”)
* عقل دیشی (akıl dişi, “wisdom tooth”)
* عقل طوتمق (akıl tutmak, “to remember”)
* عقل قالمق (akıl kalmak, “to remain fixed in the memory”)
* عقل كسمك (akıl kesmek, “to grasp, comprehend”)
* عقل نفسانی (akl-ı nefsanî, “instinct of self-preservation”)
* عقلدار (akıldar, “reasonable”)
* عقلسز (akılsız, “unreasonable”)
* عقللو (akıllı, “wise, prudent”)
* عقلی (aklî, “pertaining to the mind, mental”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: akıl
* → Bulgarian: акъ́л (akǎ́l)
* → Macedonian: акал (akal)
* → Ubykh: аӄыл (aqəl)

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “akıl”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 168
* Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “akl”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 29
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عقل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 854
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Intelligentia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 839
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عقل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 3298
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “akıl”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عقل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1311

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَقْل (ʕaql).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ʔaql]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäql]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [ʔäql]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäql]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäql̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ʔæʁl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ʔäql]

### Noun

عَقل • ('aql)
* mind, intellect, understanding, reason
** c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1181:شادی اندر گرده و غم در جگر / عقل چون شمعی درون مغز سرšâdi andar gorde va ğam dar jegar / aql čon šam'-i darun-e mağz-e sarJoy [has its seat] in the kidneys, grief in the liver; intellect, [bright] as a candle, inside the brain in the head.
* good sense, sound judgment
** 1976, خسرو شاهانی, “عینک طبی”, in کور لعنتی:تو هم اگر عقل درستی داشتی، روزگارت بهتر از این بود.to ham agar aql-e dorost-i dâšti, ruzegâr-et behtar az in bud.If you had good sense, your life would be better off than this.

#### Descendants

* → Ahirani: अक्कल (akkal)
* → Assamese: আকল (akol)
* → Baluchi: عقل
* → Bengali: আকল (akol)
* → Dogri: akal
    Devanagari script: अकल
    Dogra script: 𑠀𑠊𑠥
* → Gojri: عَقَل ('aqal)
* → Gujarati: અક્કલ (akkal)
* → Old Hindi: अकलि (akali)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: अक़्ल (aqla)
    Urdu: عَقْل (aql)
* → Kannada: ಅಕ್ಕಲು (akkalu)
* → Kashmiri: عَقل (ʿaql)
* → Magahi: 𑂃𑂍𑂱𑂪 (akil)
* → Maithili: akil
    Devanagari script: अकिल
    Maithili: 𑒁𑒏𑒱𑒪
* → Malayalam: അക്കല് (akkal)
* → Malvi: अकल (akal)
* → Marwari:
    Devanagari script: अकल (akal)
    Mahajani script: 𑅐𑅕𑅮 (akl)
* → Marathi: अक्कल (akkal)
* → Nepali: अकल (akal), अक्कल (akkal)
* → Odia: ଅକଲ (akala)
* → Pashto: عقل
* → Old Punjabi: ਅਕਲਿ (akali)
** Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਅਕ਼ਲ (aqal)
    Shahmukhi script: عَقل (ʻaql)
* → Sindhi: aqulu
    Arabic script: عَقُلُ
    Devanagari script: अक़ुलु
    Khudabadi script: 𑊰𑊺𑋩𑋣𑋚𑋣
* → Vaghri: અક્કલ (akkal)
* → Varhadi: अक्कल (akkal)

## Urdu
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَقْل ('aql), from Arabic عَقْل (ʕaql). First attested as Old Hindi अकलि (akali).

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /(ʔ)əql/
* Rhymes: -əql

### Noun

عَقْل • (‘aql) f (formal plural عُقُول ('uqūl), Hindi spelling अक़्ल)
* common sense
* understanding, wisdom
    Synonym: سَمَجھ (samajh)

### Further reading

* S. W. Fallon (1879) “عقل”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
* “عقل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “280”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “عقل”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 437
* “عقل”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
* John Shakespear (1834) “عقل”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC, page 1224