# reserve
## English
### Etymology

From Old French reserver, from Latin reservō (“to reserve, retain”).

### Pronunciation

* (General American) IPA: /ɹɪˈzɝv/
* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɹɪˈzɜːv/
* Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)v
* Hyphenation: re‧serve
* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

reserve (countable and uncountable, plural reserves)
* A restriction.
** The act of reserving or keeping back; reservation; exception.
    The book is on reserve.
    I accept your view with one reserve.
** Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior.
* That which is reserved or kept back, as for future use.
** A natural resource known to exist but not currently exploited.
    New oil reserves are continuously being discovered, but not as fast as the existing ones are running out.
*** 2014 April 25, Martin Lukacs, “Canada becoming launch-pad of a global tar sands and oil shale frenzy”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 190, number 20, page 13:If Alberta’s reserves are a carbon bomb, this global expansion of tar sands and oil shale exploitation amounts to an escalating emissions arms race, the unlocking of a subterranean cache of weapons of mass ecological destruction.
** A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose
    the Connecticut Reserve in Ohio was originally set apart for the school fund of Connecticut.
    the Clergy Reserves in Canada are for the support of the clergy.
** (Canada) A tract of land set apart for the use of an Aboriginal group; Indian reserve (compare US reservation.)
** (military) A body of troops kept in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency.
** (finance, insurance) Funds kept on hand to meet planned or unplanned financial requirements.
** A reserve price in an auction.
** Wine held back and aged before being sold.
** (ceramics) Absence of color or decoration; the state of being left plain.
*** 1973, Charles Kyrle Wilkinson, Nishapur: Pottery of the Early Islamic Period, New York, N.Y: Metropolitan Museum of Art, page 161:Each is decorated with a simple disk in reserve and a band in reserve adorned with white dots.
* Something initially kept back for later use in recreation.
** (sports) A member of a team who does not participate from the start of the game, but can be used to replace tired or injured team-mates.
** (card games) A group or pile of cards dealt out at the beginning of a patience or solitaire game to be used during play.
* In exhibitions, a distinction indicating that the recipient will get a prize in the event of another person being disqualified.
* (calico printing) A resist.
* A preparation used on an object being electroplated to fix the limits of the deposit.

#### Synonyms

* (restraint of freedom in words or actions): self-restraint, reticence, taciturnity
* (sports: reserve player): substitute
* (military: reserve forces): Army Reserve, Territorial Army, TA, TAVR, territorials, terriers, reservists
* (tract of land for Aboriginal peoples): reservation, res, rez

#### Derived terms

* cognitive reserve
* cookie-jar reserve
* dividend equalisation reserve
* Federal Reserve
* fractional reserve banking
* functional reserve
* game reserve
* in reserve
* natural reserve
* nature reserve
* reserve bank
* reserve buoyancy
* reserve currency
* reserve grade
* reserve grader
* reserve price
* reserve team
* urban reserve
* wildlife reserve

#### Related terms

* reservist

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

reserve (third-person singular simple present reserves, present participle reserving, simple past and past participle reserved)
* To keep back; to retain.
    We reserve the right to make modifications.
    I will reserve judgment until I have actually read his book.
* To keep in store for future or special use.
    This cake is reserved for the guests!
** c. 1703-1720, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage
    Conceal your esteem and love in your own breast, and reserve your kind looks and language for private hours.
* To book in advance; to make a reservation.
    Synonyms: sign up, register, schedule, enroll, book
    I reserved a table for us at the best restaurant in town.
* (obsolete) To make an exception of; to except.

#### Translations

    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### References

* reserve on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “reserve”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

### Anagrams

* Reveres, reveres, reverse, severer, veerers

## Dutch
### Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French reserve, from Old French reserver.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rəˈzɛr.və/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: re‧ser‧ve
* Rhymes: -ɛrvə

### Noun

reserve f (plural reserves, diminutive reservetje n)
* reserve, emergency supply (that which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use)
* military reserves
* reservation, restraint
* (law, Belgium) forced estate, legitime
    Synonym: voorbehouden deel
    Antonym: beschikbaar deel
* (sports) alternate, substitute, reserve

#### Derived terms

* gasreserve
* oliereserve
* kapitaalreserve
* reserveband
* reservebank
* reservebatterij
* reserve-eenheid
* reservefiets
* reservekracht
* reserveleger
* reservemateriaal
* reserveofficier
* reserveonderdeel
* reservevoorraad
* reservewiel
* vetreserve
* voedselreserve

#### Related terms

* reserveren

#### Descendants

* Afrikaans: reserwe
* → Indonesian: reserve (“reserve”)
* >? Javanese: ꦱꦺꦉꦥ꧀ (sèrep, “spare”)
** Caribbean Javanese: sèrep
** → Indonesian: sèrêp (“spare”)

### Anagrams

* serveer, servere, verrees

## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Dutch reserve, from Old French reserver.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [rəˈser.və]
* Hyphenation: rê‧sér‧vê

### Noun

rêsérvê (plural reserve-reserve)
* (colloquial) reserve.
    Synonyms: cadangan, serap
* (colloquial) requirement.
    Synonym: syarat

#### Alternative forms

* rizab (Standard Malay)

### Further reading

* “reserve” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

Via German Reserve from French réserve

### Noun

reserve m (definite singular reserven, indefinite plural reserver, definite plural reservene)
* a reserve

#### Derived terms

* reservedel

#### Related terms

* reservere

### References

* “reserve” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “reserve” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Etymology

Via German Reserve from French réserve

### Noun

reserve m (definite singular reserven, indefinite plural reservar, definite plural reservane)
* a reserve

#### Derived terms

* reservedel

### References

* “reserve” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

## Portuguese
### Verb

reserve
* inflection of reservar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative

## Spanish
### Verb

reserve
* inflection of reservar:
** first/third-person singular present subjunctive
** third-person singular imperative